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Dr. Raoof M. Radhi
الميكانيكية الهندسة قسم ندوة
العراق في الطاقة »ازمةالحل« جوانب بعض و
كربالء جامعةالهندسة كلية
- 3 – 30االثنين 2015POWER PLANTS Power the Planet
C C P“Economical Approach to Boost National Power Generation”
Invention of Electricity
Among many discoveries,
electricity definitely had
one of the biggest impacts on society of all,
Usage of electricity has become so extensive
life of modern man becomes crippled without
it.
Importance of Electricity
There would be thousands of things we would not be able to do
and not have if it were not for electricity.
Furthermore, we have developed a kind of over-dependency, resulting in such a fact
that it has molded the course of human
civilization, both for the good and for the better.
Electricity Generation
Most people
give little thought to
where electricity comes from,
there are many different ways
to generate electricity
including
coal, oil, gas, hydroelectric, nuclear, and solar.
Electric Power Industry
Electrical Industry is
an interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers.
It consists of
i. generating stations that produce electrical power,
ii. high-voltage transmission lines that carry power from distant sources to demand centers, and
iii. distribution lines that connect individual customers.
National Grid
"The Grid."
is a network of
power plants,
transmission & distribution lines,
alternating current loads (consumers),
which all operate in synchronism with one another.
Worldwide
national grid and sources of energy
come from a
wide variety of sources and
is not limited to a
single power source
generating electrical powerco
nven
tiona
l • Steam turbine PP• Steam engine PP• Diesel PP• Gas turbine PP• Hydro-electric PP• Nuclear PP
Non
-con
venti
onal • Wind energy PP
• Geothermal energy• Ocean thermal energy• Wave & tidal wave• Solar energy• Biogas & biomass
energy
Illustration of many different types of power generation, including nuclear, fossil fuel or coal, and renewable energy or sustainable energy sources such as wind power or wind turbines, photovoltaic cells or solar panels, and hydro electric or water power.
Electric Power Industry in IRAQ“Bulk Generation”
Electricity in Iraq comes from many power stations
scattered all round the country, in regions that provides
specific power schemes requirements
Production & Demand
Power produced from these stations
tends to satisfy and cover
the daily electricity demand.
!!!
UnfortunatelyThis currently can’t be satisfied
Why?
Reasons
Due to various
force majored factors and political disturbance
that took place in the country in recent years,
the Iraqi infrastructure were subjected to
severe,
deliberate
and brutal destruction.
In fact
since the late seventies,
IRAQ
has never reached a state of stability in almost
all fields of life,
and the focus of instability was the repeated
destructive military aggressions
&
hatred act of terrorism
that took place in the country
Electricity as a Target
Almost all power generation plants
all over the country
were effected in this respect.
Resulting in that the overall national grid power production was far behind the
demand level.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Series1 12000 0 8400 3300 4470 6818 6800 6825 6800
Series2 7500 7500 7500 7500 7500 14000 15000 20000 35000
2500
7500
12500
17500
22500
27500
32500
37500
Electricity Production & Demandpo
wer
MW
وزارة موقعالكهرباء
2015 \ 3 \ 6الجمعة
This is round the clock website notification on the total power generation under
the Ministry of Electricity authorities.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Series1 6825 6280 6284 5608 6192 5631 5346 6016
500
1500
2500
3500
4500
5500
6500
7500
Current Total generation - Ministry of Electricity
gen
erat
ed p
ower
M
W
Such situation had a marked effects not only on the power generation facilities
But also the people whole life in general.
In addition some projects, originally, had never reached
100% completion, and yet it receives similar aggressive acts.
Thereby, the power production schemes never reached it’s planned goals.
What to do
One of the answers to this
May be
Combined cycle
May help to decrease the severity of such problem
CC in brief
The combined cycle is a well-established power generation technology, where the principle of such scheme seeks adequate heat energy rejection from the gas turbine cycle to be used as the heat energy supply to the steam turbine cycle. Such that, the gas turbine and steam turbine cycles are connected by a heat recovery system for heat energy transfer.
The national economy calls for governmental acts
to develop the country’s infrastructure needs within its investment capabilities.
optimum utilization
of the existent generation facilities
should be practiced by
Integrating neighboring power systems operation,
resulting in a combined cycle scheme
having the power production benefits of both systems from only one of their heat sources.
Many GTPP were installed in recent years as an Iraqi government measure
to over-come the electricity “production–supply” crisis. 60 gas turbine units, each of 125 MW
actual generation capacity, 32 other units of lower and higher generating capacity
are planned for imminent future schemes . Thereby, a total power generation of 12420 MW
will eventually be availablecovering the whole of the country’s electricity demand.
Kirkuk
و , الغازية البخارية المحطات مشاريعالديزل
(2012-2015)6نينوى: x125MW
2عكاز: x125MW4: 2عكاز- x30MW
10الخيرات: x125MW 2كربالء: x125MW
الحلة: 2x125MW
4الحيدرية: x125MW
4 القدس: x125MW4التاجي: x40MW2الصدر: x169MW
5الرميلة: x292MW : البصرة 10شط x125 MW
4النجيبية: x125MW
4الديوانية: x125MW
2 دبس: x169MW2: 2دبس- x169MW
1تازة: x292MW
2بزركان: x60MW4العمارة: x125MW
4 المنصورية: x185MW
السماوة: 4x125MW
الناصرية:4x125MW
6بيجي: x169MW400بيجي: MW
4الشمال: x350MW
: الدين 2صالح x630MW
MW1500 :(CCGT)األنبار
3اليوسفية: x210MW
2الزبيدية: x610MW4: 2الزبيدية- x330MW
200:العمارة MW
400الديوانية: MW
300كربالء: MW
: 230مخلصكافي MW
بخارية محطات
غازية محطات
ديزل
Simulation proposal
From technical and economic considerations, normal gas turbine systems have a cycle efficiency range of (33–38 %);
the huge production capacity mentioned above means that a lot of energy will be wasted.
assuming that an equal amount of power will be consumed to operate the compressor,
then an almost equal fraction of energy is just expelled as heat into the atmosphere.
The aim of this proposal is an attempt to evaluate the means for capturing such energy
by applying the CC power generation principles to existing systems without any
modification or redesign requirements.
The unfired mode was deliberately considered it was actually preferred to provide total free operation
for the steam side of the combined cycle.
The data necessary for the combined cycle simulation was obtained from existing
Khor-Al-Zubair plant-system model 9001E/HED.
Concentration has been focused on the HRSG simulation, since its output will eventually set the level of performance of the proposed steam cycle. A wide range of operating conditions, with extensive iteration, was applied in terms of pressure, temperatures, pinch, and approach points to study the feasibility of the steam cycle performance.
Modeling may be simplified by considering a sub-system approach for better analysis control.
Consideration as such and referring to the figure; the thermodynamic model of the system may comprise:
i. Gas turbine cycle,
ii. HRSG,
iii. Steam turbine cycle,
iv. Overall system
models.
The power drop caused by increasing the superheater approach point is about (1.43%), and that caused by the economizer approach point is about (2.16%), while (4.38%) power reduction comes from increasing the pinch point. This is to demonstrate that, although there is a fairly tight link, it is obvious that the pinch point temperature difference has the upper hand in this respect, as its effect is thrice that of the superheater approach point and twice that of the economizer approach point.
Simulation results demonstrated that (3 units) of the gas turbine plant can fully operate one unit of the steam turbine plant forming thereby a well-defined, effective, and efficient combined cycle plant.
This means that the three GTC can itself generate (375) MW, and at the same time operate the STC to produce additional (300) MW.
These results and according to the two considered sites actual specification, means that about 80% of free power production can be achieved.
Two CCPP can be planned at this site, adding thereby (600) MW extra power to the national electricity distribution grid.
Conclusions
In one of the country’s industrial sites at Al-Mosyab region,
there exists a plant of (4) steam power units
neighboring a gas turbine plant of (10) units of similar specifications
to those used in this analysis.
The near future approved plans for the country’s combined cycle schemes include, at least, (12) sites of gas turbine plants, which are currently under
construction. Accordingly, This would total to more than
3600 MW extra and free power production, Surely in an economic sense means
a very attractive saving, as well as effective added power to
the national electricity distribution grid.
Conclusions
Electricity supply to consumers requires efficient overall power system
that includes not only production sources, but should also consider
the transmission and the distribution capabilities.
Final Remark
There are many factors involved in this process, complicated not only by technical issue,
but also by political and ethnic disturbance
as results from wars and terrorism
dispatched by unfriendly acts
from several international sides that have
selfish interest of seeing unstable Iraq.
Engineering point of viewThe important requirements
Technical requirement1. Fuel supply.2. Water sources.3. Maintenance program4. Spare parts availability5. Experienced Work force6. Efficient T/D network
Administrative requirement1. Planned operational
program.2. Planned maintenance
schedule.3. Planned boosting schemes4. Responsible consumers