E-Businessکسب و کار الکترونیک

خدا نام به

World Internet Statistics

What is E-Business?

Electronic business, or e-business, is the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in support of all the activities of business. Commerce constitutes the exchange of products and services between businesses, groups and individuals and can be seen as one of the essential activities of any business.

کسب و کار الکترونیک استفاده از اطالعات و تکنولوژی های ارتباطیدر همه زمینه های تجارت می باشد، شامل تبادل محصول و خدمت بین

کسب و کارها، گروه ها و افراد که جزئی ضروری از هر کسب و کار محسوب می شود.

واژه از استفاده E-Businessاولین

In 1997, IBM, with its agency Ogilvy & Mather, began to use its foundation in IT solutions and expertise to market itself as a leader of conducting business on the Internet through the term "e-business." Then CEO Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. was prepared to invest $1 billion to market this new brand.

After conducting worldwide market research in October 1997, IBM began with an eight-page piece in the Wall Street Journal that would introduce the concept of "e-business" and advertise IBM's expertise in the new field. IBM decided not to trademark the term "e-business" in the hopes that other companies would use the term and create an entire new industry. However, this proved to be too successful and by 2000, to differentiate itself, IBM launched a $300 million campaign about its "e-business infrastructure" capabilities. Since that time, the terms, "e-business" and "e-commerce" have been loosely interchangeable and have become a part of the common vernacular

E-commerce the buying and selling of goods

and services over the Internet عمل خرید و فروش کاال و

خدمات در بستر اینترنت

E-business the conducting of business on the

Internet, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners

هدایت کسب و کار بر بستراینترنت، نه تنها شامل خرید و

فروش، بلکه خدمت به مشتریان و همکاری با شرکای تجاری

E-commerce vs. E-business

Convergence همگرایی Coming together of various

technologies Digital content Network access devices PC speed and storage Graphical user interface Network transmission Data compression (MP3)

Critical Mass مقدار بحرانی The value of the technology

increases with the addition of each new person using it.

When a technology hits “critical mass” it may pull other technologies along with it.

Why is e-business emerging now? چرا کسب و کار الکترونیک امروزه پدیدار شده است؟

Potential Benefits of E-Businessمزایای کسب و کار الکترونیک

More product/service selections وجود انتخاب های بیشتر محصول یا خدمت

Higher Productivity بهره وری باالتر

Improved accessibility and convenience دسترسی و راحتی بیشتر

Better availability of informationسهل الوصول بودن اطالعات

Shorter lead time کاهش زمان انجام کارها

Improved communication گسترش و بهبود یافتن اطالعات

Stronger competitive positionموقعیت رقابتی قوی تر

New Business Rules from E-Businessقوانین جدید در کسب و کار الکترونیک

Customers determine everything.

.مشتری تعیین کننده همه چیز است Knowledge and information become more valuable than physical assets.

.دانش و اطالعات به نسبت دارایی های فیزیکی مهم تر می شوند People want more choices of products and services.

.مردم انتخاب های بیشتری در زمینه محصول و خدمت طلب می کنند Time is present time, distance is zero.

.فاصله معنایی ندارد و زمان حال است که اهمیت می یابد Technology and network determine how the business is conducted

.تکنولوژی و شبکه نحوه اداره کسب و کار را مشخص می کنند

Interoperabilityقابلیت همکاری

The ability of systems running in different operating environments to communicate and work together.

قابلیت ارتباط و همکاری سیستم هایی در محیط های کاری متفاوت

This is a critical issue in e-business قابلیت همکاری سیستم های متفاوت یکی از مسائل حیاتی کسب و کار

الکترونیک است

Standards are one way to achieve interoperabilityاستانداردها و وضع آن ها یکی از راه های رسیدن به قابلیت همکاری است

Standardsاستانداردها

When everyone on a network uses the same standards, they can interoperate

وقتی که همگان در یک شبکه از استانداردهای یکسانی استفادهمی کنند، همکاری امکان پذیر خواهد شد

Protocols E.g. TCP/IP

Languages E.g. HTML

Categories of E-businessانواع کسب و کار الکترونیک

Business Consumer

Government

B2BB2C

G2C G2C

C2C

G2G

Website following B2B business model sells its product to an intermediate buyer who then sells the product to the final customer.

Website following B2C business model sells its product directly to a customer.

Website following C2C business model helps consumer to sell their assets like residential property, cars, motorcycles etc. or rent a room by publishing their information on the website.

Main objectives of G2C website are to reduce average time for fulfilling people requests for various government services.

Government uses G2B model website to approach business organizations. Such websites support auctions, tenders and application submission functionalities.

Economic Efficiency Reduces cost of carrying out

transactionsکاهش هزینه های تراکنش ها

But, substitutes costs of building and maintaining the system

اما، هزینه های ساخت و نگهداریسیستم جایگزین می شود

Network Effects

Growth can be explosive

Impacts of E-businessتاثیرات کسب و کار الکترونیک

2 nodes, 1 connection

3 nodes 3 connections

Operational Efficiencyبهره وری عملیاتی

Extension of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)گسترش تبادل دیتای الکترونیک

Supply chain managementمدیریت زنجیره تامین

Raw materials Parts Assembly, manufacturing, packaging Distribution Retail Customer

Effects of Operational Efficiencyتاثیرات بهره وری عملیاتی

Disintermediation Cutting out some of the steps in the supply chain

حذف برخی قدم ها در زنجیره تامین Lowering communication costs

کاهش هزینه های ارتباطی Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

سیستم های برنامه ریزی منابع سازمان

Examples of E-Businesses

Online Retailers :

Online retailers are e-businesses that use the Internet as a means to advertise and sell physical merchandise of one kind or another. For example Amazon.com, Newegg.com . Online Services :

Some e-businesses generate revenue by providing consumers with useful services rather than selling goods. Examples of online services include Ebay, which allows users to sell merchandise via online auctions, PayPal, which enables users to send and receive money online Online Advertising : Advertising is the primary source of revenue for many e-businesses. Website owners can sign up for services that allow them to post advertisements on their websites and earn income based on how many users view or click on advertisements.

Some E-Business Successes

E-Business Challengesچالش های کسب و کار الکترونیک

Privacy is among the top concerns of Internet users.

E-business sites often require passwords and use electronic signatures, an electronic form of identity verification.

Companies can track customers’ shopping and viewing habits through cookies.

Customers usually prefer that companies do not share their personal information. Merchants have responded by joining privacy organizations.

Privacy protections may soon become legally required. Employees also have concerns that employers are monitoring their Internet

behavior. Companies worry about data theft.