31
א ، ٢١ ، אא F ٢ E ، ١٢٩ ١٥٩ א، F ٢٠٠٩ L ١٤٣٠ E ١٢٩ ١ א،אא،א،¯ ٢ אא،א¯، F ١٨ L ٣ L ١٤٢٩ ؛٢٤ L ٥ L ١٤٣٠ E : אא،אאאאא،אאא،א אK . אאא אאאא אא א،אאאא אאאאא ، א א אא א א א، א אא א אא K אא א אאאא א א אא אאא K אאאאאאא K א אאאאאאאאא אאאאאאאאאאאא ، אאאאאאא אא ، אא،אאאאאאאאאא אאאא،א א אא א K אאאאאאאאאאא אאאא،אא א אK אאאאא אאאאאא،אאאאאאאא אאאאאא א K א אאאאאא אאא

E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

  • Upload
    buitruc

  • View
    215

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

�١٢٩�١٥٩،������F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

١٢٩

�������� ��� �� �������� ������� ������� ������� ������ �����

������ � ��� ������ ����� ��� ����� �� ����� ���� ١

���،�א������ ����א������א�����،�� �&،�%$#�"! ���א���'��( ��)�� �

٢

/ ،���. �-+-�&�א���,،�א��+א*$��0� ��� �

� �F��� ��������١٨L٣L١٤٢٩����� ����������٢٤L٥L١٤٣٠��E؛� �

� �� �

������� ��� �Kא�562'�א�42'3/،�א�12)�0%א��א&�/،�א�.-�,א+�א*()�'� �א��א&�% ،�$ #� �א"�א! �:� �� �

�#�+�א�42'%3 �א*1172 ������.���� ���� �:�89א�6;����������� �א*()�'�� �$�=�>�1� � BCDא+�@A'� ���א�52@?�+�א�.< ���+�א*()�'�� ،������������������א��?- ���%���א��G'5Hא���1�����Iא����J�52$(� ���)5א���B�M� $��N�8!��#;�Oא��� %<�������?PQ�2R�+'5���D

� ��S �?@5D�D?����א*62�����'�>S4T�U���)�8א�����V;�Oא���� ��H��"א� ��W ��%S���T�\��562'א+�IT�XY�،;�Z#5����[��R?��5'�א")$�\�1��]R� �א"�א! ���"א�42'%3 ��]�� P%2R�������̂$�_�<� �%S�W� %(�<� S )$�`�%M�+אa�>D ��b��Dא+�5�62'�א��،��\�N51�&�����0%$�1�2T� �]�)2*א��

�א�.�-�,א+��12���0%$ a>Dא+�א�562'א+�א��J�>���� %3'42>_�$̂���א���eYא"��/���א����K�c�?�d9א��א&�% ��א*()�'� ��.-�,א+א� �א"�א! א��א&�% א*()�'� �]"��KGaW �#�+�א* �$(�j �א*�<� �א���i� %H9א(2<X��g�<�hא*�?�fא�42'3/��א�6 C��K� �

+�א���?k;�fQ���2���� ��%<�(2@Xא�� �h�1��2�Xא������l��$�m'א+�5��6D'�א�.��-�,א+�א*()�'��� �א��א&�%�� �T��(5א$��D'א�א����%� ��������������������� �%R5>א��G �Iא���� �� 6% �Gא�.<nא���� � 1���א�� %.n��.+�א��$��2)�Xא�� �%��(jא�� %o�%nא����א�5�5�>2@% ��،

����������������R�� �%.%k5א�����m;���א5�6D�c'�א�.�-�,א+�א��א&�%� �T�"�@� �א��.(%� �D':�/���א�א*�A��،�����fQ��2R�8��%T���(W���� �)%�p�'5�6D��������������������q5א��rא�_�$��، %Q���Rsא� �(Qt*א��Gh5�jא��u%�(�2א���[D�%��v�א�.-�,א+�א*()�'� �א��א&�% �$_�א" �5w� Sא�%�12=�

������� %Q�-.��5א�P"א���_�����x��Ghא�2�،GBH*�5אw� Qh�yא� <������ �� Cא��z�>{rא�|�n#sא��q�>*�T��K����+��}�+'56D�אRX.2�#%�� ������א�.��� %T�%n��RXא�%2<%�� ��א�����$%<%�� �R�$� �א�� p�n����$��5��w� %n��Rא� -�,א+�א��א&�%�� �$��_�א���-7�$ ��א�

�������������������������������]#�~'��&�_�$�Gh��)2$�x �p���%���o;����D�_�$� �%�&+�א�1�2)%)% �א��א�5�6'+�א�52@?�D���(W�، �.א��� %S�.א��������� $5�h� HW;� �'�()$�+�?@5D���Kא�()�'�$�5w�Gא'|������Q�1&�+'56D��������� %Q�-�.א��+���t),א+�א��א&�%� �$�_�א��א�.-

�����������������������5�2��א��5�w�d�%!42א����!rא+�אh �.�����(2�Xא�_$��،=Tא �א��(��א���א��א&�% �א*)%��T�Gaא�<�2 ��א��5w��6nא��< �GhKא�.-�Q/�א*()�'��א��א&�/��א*t$��א� �

�89��:�;�+�@�2�2��oX,א+�א*���א�א+�א�5��62'א+�א�42'��%3 ���.��-a��>D $̂� ��%�<�S�� ���H(2*א�()�'��� �א��א&�%�� �

Page 2: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٣٠

�%( ���C �א�.�-�,�א*()��'��א���א&�/،�����������p��،[Sא��;��{��l'א+�א�562'��������������h�����א*;��'5�6D�+��?@5D� ��h�(2<א��،[�D��%( �א�52@?�+��א��6 �xא�1�2)%)% ،��&�1���Qא�.�-�,א+�א��א&�%� ������������p��، $�72n*א�K���N���%�������q4�T�/Q��?~�א���2�2�oXא�

��א>$s�R%��+�א����� �>�_����������������������>)�% �56D'�א�.-�,א+�א*()�'���;� �(Q�]א���W���*א�z5���� �6�D $�G (2n�$� �%�(<� �%�&א��א� �+�S��2WX'א+�א�2<TXא�K� �

� �

������

א���������� ��א��א����������������������א����#"!�א� ����.+�א����-%%�,����� )%%�+א*()�'&%%��א��א���%%���$�/0%%��

�������1%2�$�3�%4�56��7%�&89�:�7$�،<)��=#�>�?7@�A(B+����C�D%%%@Eא���%%%F�G�H�I%%%JE��%%%,K����L�%%%0 �א���1%%%

����&!� ����אM)������א�#�N8א��O��&�L��K������A%���L#%א���%���"�T#%%%Uא��'א-%%%���א�%%%0��S����R%%%אQ#"%%%���א*()�'&%%%���������������%���4�V����W א����X0��$�� � Y*א��7��7F8����7א�'���� %%#+א��������'�%%�>Z��%%����Z#%%[�S%%א� \8%%'א��א���]7 %%�

�>Z�S%%א��T'�%%()א��^%%�K���_6�،�%%7�`#Z��A%%��a_��%%!א��%%7@����<UG�%Iא��A%��bUא���c������dא�e�Bא*8א،��f6��RW%B�Z

���%%%�g'� א����%%%G�#\א���%%%h�iא��א��%%% א*()�'&%%%��$���א��א� �Aא��������j�I&�CZ�A�k�=lא��א�����$�@7��%�Z����V��)%-א��

6���،�%%%�G�#א����%%%���(Mא���%%%X'��א��א.<�%%%�a��%%%&�C6�_6���m��0�����'8\ ��%$�n�WBא��n��>#)��n��X@�����%�g'� א��א�Q���%IX�%%oא�Qא،��%%�UWIא�����p%%*א��+��(#<%%��$���$%%lא�%%9�q�%%�r

���s��A����>�"���(������g'� א��א� \8'א��א�!��#�������% ���א�א��%% �אo%%����א*()�'&%%��Qא��%%IXQ��%%א��������K�'8%%�Iא�

:���tWIא��V���s��A���pא���א��!��#��mא� \8%'א�����n�%%Bu ���%%7$��%%�#o����K����%%)$'Z�56�t%%WI��0%%א�h��%%4'K�

&�vא�:����������a�56.8'�א�7`Kא���������Tא*(�8��Xא��b>8��

��������G�^�B8!�א*%(�T��������p�W�\���א.-�-���א*( )،�%%�UWI'�@/%%#=���א��6]%%�T'8%%�$��%%���1@�%%U8%%'�א�vא�!%%"'�

��������Vא����% �����mא����� ����g'� 8'א��א�\ ��$�w���������#p%%��A��%%Uא��C#%%Xא����0 %%x�T+�%%vא��%%oא�Qא��%%�G#�

�e%%-� א����،A&#p%%)א���#p%%�$'8%%�%%vא�8'�א��t%%��U�%%�Z���Kא_- 0�F��א�0 �,?� �

� ���!�!"� ��#�����

$%&�!�'��(#)�� ��*+�� ��!�!"� ��#�����

�א*()%%%%�'=،�����%%%% � %%%%0���aא� ��T#%%%%X(#&%%%%��א�א��א*()�'&��א��א����،������� ��0hZ�:�א*)�'-��א*�����07

�oא�Qא� \8'��א�y87 ��A��nK�>K� �� �

�� ������,��

����א�%%%70�,1،����%%%X���T'�%%%()�#�8%%%א�F�8%%%�6�C����������%("�،z8B8$�:#)*א��� א�T{iא*()�'&����T{��1א�

6������������%$�Oא�f��|��� �אG 8א,%�#�8F�C�Oא�()�'���8��T{�א�(Scruton, 1979)�K���% ���C� &#)��~�0��W.א���C�%�"�a�

��n�%א��f�c8% 4�Self-contained entitys��،��+�%WZ��s���،�%�\������-��8�������$���������K %�K�����C�%�"�1@�%Uא���،�s&����%�Y

Page 3: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٣١ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

8$א-%%%%\��א.��%%%%J�Space created by things=Z�� �Space as Container����%���،6��.8%+�אF8$�O%"א'+����%J

�"'���K����Aא*��L#א������q�D "8+����אF8"��� ��}�Tא��n�%%א��f�1%% ���Self-Sufficient%%>�،����A%%���%%�8 ��T{%%iא�C

�������%�+�I *א���%�K)א��aK%��%Fy�D�(Arnheim, 1977)�،�א*()%�'=���8%א�(%0�#�א.��������6")����� ���C������%W,_�V�1%א�

�<%%%$��%%%�K)א��aK%%%����p%%% &��،<א����א*%%%�))>�א�%%%��%%� �"����%%-�0dא�#%%h�0)6א��m%%����(p%%���،�%%d��%%0"א'+

����\X0א��#h�0)�3א�iא���Dא����^\��Qא�K���� �&#��א���O%%%%�XG�V�T+8%%%%F8*א�#%%%%h�0)א��A%%%%���%%%%���(Mא�O%%%%��� �

(Ching, 1987)K� �א��א��א���%����������� ��56���0א*)�'-��א*�����07

��oKoZ1��:�0hW� ��)���Interior Decoration��1�����%א��א���1�&�8'א� •

�A(�%% �6.א��D%%�����%%��1%%J��>�%%B�1�%%h$�:�%%7�A%%��Tא+�%%"��%%���(Mא��%%(�Xא��T+�%%&!��='8%%h�=#��%%N

�%%&bo� א.+�א��א��(Ball, 1982)،%%8'��א��&��!%%F���Aא� %�)������7��א� �%�'�#�$�3I()��%�����א*%���א�%�א������1

����א* #�J%%����א.�8%%אZ��C<%%���א.o%%����א.�D%%@���.���%% ��$�a8%%h8����%%���(� א��#%%h�0)א���AD%%G

���G�(Lobell, 1979)K� ��)��Interior Design��1%%����%%א� %%�)���א�%%�א����1 •

6����������%�����^I�% ��T'�%()א��������א��א��� ")��aא����rJ��aK���aא� (����$��(�K���א�#א��������\$���<%$F%%!א��א��%%�،��&#"%%!�א� %%�)���א�%%�א����%%���1א.

E�$���DGEאHא�$�(Ball, 1982)�،���/0���3�\���T#p%%%%Xא��A(%%%%B��%%%%א����א��א���%%%% ��א��(�%%%%��

����&!�>���%%%2�$�+�%%%��$��%%%0I(����%%%�F'�iא,���%%%����%%%��)>���%%%J�V���%%%����o�T#א*%%%אQ�F%%%���א.-�-%%%����

���%%d����7���6+'א"%%7�Y D%%�%%>�A%%��KV��%%�bo�����7����YJ���7 F!�Z�(Ching, 1987)K� �

������Interior Architecture��1א�()�'�Tא��א����� •�(�h#�&$�3$#>�א� ��Aא�()�'��Tא� �)���א��א��1،��������T{%%iא���-�D%%G�T+�%%&`��t%%��Uא���%%)I8%%&#�א�\ $�� %%7&�

�)�%��א*\��������%$8א.��DContext����א*()�'&��� ���XWא�%����aK%%%��A%%%��y�%%%( �_א�C8���%%%$���%%%א��8t%%%�o� א���

�����G8���#h�0)א��A����bL����������T'�%()א��<%$�n�(�(�%��א�7��א��א���%%%%�����%%%%>�n_�Z�����א�()%%%%�'��Tא� %%%%�)�

o�(Kurtich and Eakin, 1993)K��@�nא��א���1

� � -�.�� �����Concept Development

�8%%%������%%%�0$�V���%%%��=l%%%�1א��'�א�%%% �brא� %%%��،�7"8�%%-���%%�Qא���,%%0�א��&��%%���n��%%&Z��%%�\�br %%א�

�1�'�+����V#"�%%��א� )%%��Z�eא�(%%�K������Z�אQ%%א� %%����،O%%�>�T�,�D%%א����%%Xא���Z��$�8%%\1%%�א� %%�'����Zא�0%%/���

��=+�&56�������� � ���Gא#x�#���XGK ����(/ 0���_89����'8%%\ "�،�%%7XG_��7X$�%%-�Cf�%%&����K%%�.'��א�א.<�%%

�56��Aא*Y �%������א@ X����8�aא� \�6�'8���K��n_א�(�+א��56�%%�b%%L�Aא* �%%�@{���א*���%%�،��}@�%%��%%�A،�א* ��

��+��4K56א����+��vא�Z�}�)��$���K�����'8%\ א��A(�% &�_�

Page 4: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٣٢

�#%%%X7X א���Z�y�%%%X א��T#%%%�>�O%%%א�f�V،��6{%%%)&��%%%���A%%%����������%(,K��R%@�"Z�א� 8W_��א�d�e�g�S��א� )�e-8א

�bL�yZ�m�fF�،1�&K)١٩٧٤א�yKE� �� �

������Modernism

�������$#L�T#��N�1�RXUI@א���א�e��������D%@# �T'8%Uא�y�%%��١٧٨٩y�R%%0���،%%$��1-��D%%א��y�%%/0א��V�b�r ��

،��א*%%D��א�T$%%>��א� %%��+&��}א��%%��@/��%%�����nא��$�� )%%�+����،���%%%%�l&��א_F )%%%%��1אD%%%%0M>���%%%%��א�%%%%�(�

������������_�T�%Gא���%�@�(����%�@����%X�8$�V�C�&+.א�\8א,���א�����1%%(����Z��%%&+��Z�1%%�#����%%-Z��%%����%%7�>�!%%����،

���%��_�$%l7$�������c#%�Z��\�Dא������K��C8א*%������$�A[8א�F���،=bD%%%*��1%%%א�&u٢٠٠٣א�y�KE��H�%%%%\X@א��%%%oא�Qא�

�����V�A%%%(���_��%%%�>#)*א���'+��%%%��CZ�m%%%�f�،V#%%%)��،�&���Zא*%%%��+'�א*(#<�%%%����%%%uא�،��V��Zא� �%%%#�א�%%%

�#"%%!�א��C8%%"��،+8%%F8א� %%4�A�%%"�%%)���T����C8%%"א���،1F'�%%%iא�V��%%%$�،1@�%%%(�)א��#%%%� א��r%%%��א��I%%%#��א�

�#"%!�א��C8"�����+8%F8א��C�D@E�K������V#%)��a8%9��%oא�Qא�������@8�D%%%��7$א��p%%%*א�A%%%��a�%%%X @_א.��5א�O%%% �56�

:K %%�_א� �%%#א'��א�A%%��=Z�،a�%%Mא��Z�a8%%W ��56א�����%%%��G��%%%oא�Qא��%%%)���%%%�א� %%%��8���א� �%%%��`،���%%%lא�

���X����،����������T+�%�6���%(,א��א����o%��א*#אF(%��א�Qא�y8X��+�Tא����1%%%،א�0/%%%#%%%) ���&'��%%%G�T#��%%%N��a��%%%J.

�+�א*(�@1) ��=#�>����-�F���)-�،١٩٨٤yKE� �� �

���(#)�� ��*+�� $%&�!

�������� @��U&�Qא��"#Qא���p@������A%���%�8(����� ����&'��Qא��אbr א���%���( F_א�������%X>א#��S%��%�0א�X א����R

�����D��،����0�א��T'8Uא��y����e�nT��������T'�%(��y�%���V��%IL#א�������A���) I���T�&�Mא���I�\ *א�e���-�0 ����T�"�4�����X��

�X$�D%%א���%%�g'� א������א.-%%�(Collin, 1971)،��%%� g��������%%U&�Qא��%%"#Qא���א&�%%$��%%&�9�V�C8%%�'�*א��+�%%X0א��K

����!0�8%"�A���"����>�Collins��،�C8% I���Frampton�Z�C<#א�����،�%%oא�Qא&%%��א�$��%%]U���%%��#p%%��A��%%Uא��C#%%Xא����0 %%�

�%% ���T�%%&�F�T#%%/@�'8%%7/$��<&'�%%()*�$�R%%)>+�، &'56�� D��A%��a¢א*I%�+¡�א��K-%�����א�%B��S%(7��א*()%�'�������������א

}�>�u�>�Vitruvios���6����4�5���dא�I -א�����#%U"Z�}%-�$�����%7$��%()���O��8%B8��(Frampton, 1994)�K����!�8%J�c#%&

Schulz��y���V�١٨٥١y��nא�%&�9���%\X@�������� &'�%��V�a8%W א�������p%%0��a�Z����p%%���%%0���Z�%%$�t%%�G�،�%%U&�Qא�T'�%%()א�

�����8%%א�Y%%B�='�%%()�#�%%X�='8%%�Iא��Crystal Palace�C8 D%%%"�$�O((�%%%*�Paxton�%%%]U��=l%%%א���H8%%%0��T#��%%%N��

����S%%א��T'�%%()א��A%%���%%&�FR%%XUI@אEא�A%%������)��%%$�C�%%k��א�0��%%��א*()%%�'=�Z")%%��،�(Schulz, 1978)��א�%%�0���%%"

�#0D%% $Pevsner��#%%/@��%%7F�Z��%%&א�$�+�%%9�c#%%����%%"#Qא���%%�+���S%%א��:#%%Qא��C8%%0 8��O%%"#Gא�p%%@�e%%���%%U&�Qא��

���}&'8����א.-�Z�R)B�q8-{�����א�Morris���Sא*�(���%%%&�W ��t&�%%%Qאn�%%%XG_�O%%%��='�%%%()*א�e%%%����u��%%%>

�8�$�#L�Gropious�(Lissitzky, 1970)�Kא���l%��e%��� &�)�'�0�$�¤ ��8%�8א�\#�zא�0�����א*Benevolo, 1979(�،���%("

Page 5: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٣٣ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

�(�Oא�0�����א*8[�����X&�1 &`�¤'�Zevi�������&�=l56،��א���%%��-%%�Z��I)�%%��א���V��%%�,#*א�C8%%0 ��V�Tא�%%&�Mא���0/#&%%

���U&�Qא��"#Qא��p@6،���t�G�R\I�'א��������%��Tu%>�V��"#Qא���א�q#%%%%Qא�(�*�%%%%��א.%%%%)$�A%%%%���X p%%%%*א���אl%%%%*�$�5�

��y�%%%��l%%%0����א�0/#&%%%���א�I%%%�#&��א�%%%�V��#%%%oZ�Sא�#-%%%١٩١٠y���%%&bI) ,�%%���א��0Iא������IX D%%*א���%%�I�)� א���%%U��

�T�%&�Mא�����p א���(Zevi, 1960)K����R%���0א������%G�#\�������������T+�%vא��%U&�Qא�T'�%()א�� &'�%��V�a8%W א���\X@���y�%��V

١٨٥١y�Tbp%%%��،='8%%%�Iא��#�%%%Xא����%%%|��56�'8%%%\����������0I"��o��� "��o��-�0 "�='�()*א���pא�Kא������ �

�&8��%%%Uא�X0%%%�+��א*�'�%%%Qא��%%%"#Qא���א&�%%%$��%%%&�9�V�C%%vא�T+�x�#p%%��A��%%Uא��C#%%Xא����0 %%،��%%("�Z%%7 ��C�y8

��s&�����oא�Qא����������A&#p%)א��C#%Xא&%��א��$�T'�%()��T!%�("��%7 �،���%����T'8�$���%9����Tu%>�+����A%���%oא�Q�١٧٥٠�١٩٥٠אy�

���n�%&'�()��T!%�¥�Tu% "�(Collins, 1965)K����R 0%h���%Gא#�����%%g'56���nא� \8%%'�א*()%%�'=���D%%¦�،�%%Gא#���K%%o�

������kא.Xא��א�'��Q�$�5�Z��������% G��%�@�G�#א��Tu% �_��nא�%%%X&%%%��א��7@n�%%%�@�o�#p%%%��A��%%%Uא��C#،��%%%U��Uא���%%%�G#*א��%%%o�

�א&%%�$�e%%��T+�%%W *א�����T'8%%Uא��y�%%���e%%���A&#p%%)א��C#%%Xא����V�e%%$א'��%%)I"��%%"#Qא�a8%%�+���&#�%%I6א���%% �+'א~�א�

�F�@56��%%א* %%�א����%%�eאi%%�'�،���א�%%�א���1א*()%%�'=���T'�%()���SW0%א��O%F8 א��(Gideon, 1977)�K��%�U�Z�R���%�

�A&#p%%%)א��C#%%%Xא���%%%���X�_�$�&'א���$%%%>�-%%% )#א���א� %%%���'�%iא����א��א� �#&%���(%�#�����א� %�boא����א@(�%����،א�

�א�%%�א���1��%% ��א�%%-'�V���%%709א���%%&�§�a��%%J.�$�

�����\�D%%Iא����%%-�0dא�������%%&#� ��א�%%�T#\�Dא�%%�"�C�D%%@���O�(Ball, 1982)K���%X+�א���'&�� %��8א*()%��C�g'�%�����%>�n�

�<%%%$��%%%��%%%1���aKא%%%i���F'א�%%%�א���1,>א� %%%��א� (� %%%#+א��Eא*8%%%א+��א�����%%%�X*א��T�%%%B%%%�R%%%�8א�����

�nK�%%%>�،�%%%(7�>A%%%����A%%%���%%%&��א� 0/�)�%%%��א*I%%%�+¡�א�("��C`8%%%%א����%%%%��uא���C`א� 8%%%%א��T�%%%%G8א����D%%%%�D ��

���،T����%%%%6C�m_�6א�I%%%%�#=��א��ql%%%%Mא*�X%%%%����א*%%%%��%%%%%%G�#\א���n�%%%%%%�g'���A&�%%%%%%I א���%%%%%%)�I[�^%%%%%%B8��� ���%%%F� @�<%%%$'&%%%��א��א��א*()��%%% ��א����א���%%%����%%%��

(Malnar and Vadvarka, 1992)��O%א�f�R�8א��V�Tbp���،�Z<��'�א�()�'�Tא��א�����א* )$���U�����K)$%>�א�%�א������������56

�%%)Iא���،�'�%%iא�A&��א�����C8%%א�U����t%%א�#א$%%��eא�%%�8���t�o�(Kurtich and Eakin, 1993)Kא*8א+��א� �

�%%$��0&�%%��<I%% &��I%%-��%%*��%%hK������%%G�#\א��C��X$�D%%%א����%%%$�R(D���I[�^%%%B8��������8(p%%%(%%%����א�%%%

������%%oא�Qא�Tu%% ���%%�g'� א��א� \8%%'א��א�!%%��#�Z��%%�Z�����������7F8 א�����"#Qא���אu א� brא��א��V��Z#[�Sא�

�$��h�i،א�7������UWIא�����p*א��+��(#<%�����$���$lא�9�q��r���%%%%�g'� א��א� \8%%%%'א��א�!%%%%��#��A%%%%���%%%%�>�"��%%%%�(��

א����%% �אo%%��א��א���%%��IXQ%%��א�Qא*()�'&%%���n�%%Bu ��،soא������ �� \8'א��א� �'�g%����$%��א��א���%������א*()�'&%���#�א�

�%%%%oא�Qא��%%%%IXQK&��t%%%%WIא��:�%%%%7�56�A%%%%���p%%%%א���s�א����%%% ����%%%�g'� '&%%%�#��%%%!א��א� \8%%%'א��א��א*()��

�oא�Qא��IXQא�������Kא� �� �

Page 6: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٣٤

,�/0�� �12����� ��������� ������� � ��3 �������� ������� 4�(�� 5�0�� 6 7���� 8�

�+9 8��(�� �%%%0I��D%%%@#>�V��%%%א����א��א���%%% ��א�����%%%��R

�#&�%%����%%uא¨�6Z�Z$8�%%-n��'�%%����R%%0I���%%X>�،T'�%%()א��n�$8�%%-Z��D%%@#>�V�����%%�א� %%��aK%%��A�a�() %%-א�e%%-א��

א��������p@Eא��RW0א����-#���$�T#o� �8"8"#�Rococo�،�H��%%�6�=Z�،����%%-Kא���z�#�%%����1%%B�(���#%%/0א��

�א� �"�%����%������ !&"���0��T'�#�����>אp@E�,�������א�(0�h#�א���א�iא�()8+&�����א_¦�����X D*�3א،�yא�Y -א����^\D%א��

��oZ%%���א�#"8"��8%%،א�%%0�����%%�#D 8=��א���C8%%א.א*%%�8%%%%�I©��א8%%%%M`�א� #@%%%%oZ��،1D%%%%�����א��0(���%%%%Aא*%%%%

����%%%-Kא��F�١٧٦٢�١٧٦٨yE%%%*א��A%%%���)0���p%%%��،1@�D%%�[.א��Cאא�%%!א���y�%%�#*א�0(���H8%%0 ���%%oZ���%%B

�����א*Xא�8%%א]»�$�_'� %%�T�Hא��C!%%iא��8%%�Mא* )�%%!��%%����א*\%#`����������Tא�8א-(D%@.א���%F'.8-��אX *8©�א\iא��

��T�%%��C8��%%$אyא�Y %%-א���%%F!א��T#%%U�$�K�A%%�����%%�U�א.���T�%%%%&�Mא�����%%%%-Kא���A%%%%��T{%%%%)*א�=�%%%%-#>�#�%%%%�� �

Chateau Versailles'�%%%()(���&<�Andre Le Notre��Louis Le Van��<%%$1��%%��١٦٦١�١٧٧٤y�`�%% k��،

������,�p%%@Eא���%%M�)*א��،���Y�%%��$�1א���§�א�%%��%%>،��TbU%%%"�+א�%%%��$�l%%%>א�80א�yא�Y %%%-א�F�%%%�'���p%%%١א�E�،

�C8�U@�I��0א�I��Pantheon�'�%()(����=�Jacqes Germain

Souffloty�%%%%%���١٧٥٧،y��1א���§�א�%%%%%��%%%%%>�`�%%%%% k�������%%%�I@�F�q�%%%I��e$'�%%%$��%%%[�4��%%%&!"#���%%%I��yא�Y %%%-�$� �

(Ball, 1980)�F���'���p٢א�KE� �

� � ��� � ��)�.( ����� ���Chateau Versailles !" �#$�� %

&��'''*�++�,�--/!0��'''�1��� 23

Louis Le Van4Andre Le Notre . �5�''�

(Ball, 1980).

� �

� � ��� � ��)6.( 78�9$�'�� ;4���Pantheon 3�'* �#'$�� %

�-<- ����1��� 23Jacqes Germain Soufflot .

�5��(Ball, 1980).

� ����א��א��א���%%%%����א� )%%%%��%%%% ��א�����%%%%��V

���1%%��`#%%[��%%)$'Z��%%�&#�Z�T�%%&�Mא�����%%-Kא* )�%%!�א��T�

Page 7: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٣٥ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

��א�()8+=��$�� �"��� �����a�() %-8&�������א D%*א�z8\D%א������� %%-�Iא��Cא.�8%%א����%%-�0dא��%%�� %%���א� %%0�N#��א�� iא�

Pastel colors���a��%%J.א���W\D%%*א����%%M8א�%%��אXא�����א.א����%%%��V���%%%-�0d�]%%%#א`���،�%%%�'B%%%����א�#��

��א* )�%%!�%%&�Mא�~�'�%%I8%%©�$א�\i8&���א�%%�Iא��a��%%J.�����0W0*8¬�א����אX0א������8W0*אI'�`����#%���Tא� �����lא*#

���#�� ��©�T�����X@!א��%BEא���Eא`�א#%[��،�%�,��G���%�[8rא����Gothic Revivalism����T�א* )�%%!�$%%��(8X+�א*�$I%%���א.�)%%

�����I�%Xא��������%h�����%X���א� �"�%��א�()8%+=��א�8%X0¬�א�������I0א����e%�א� �"�%����%��א�(0�h%#�אp%@E�,����א�!�%�':����������

�،�%%%�0&���א�\%%%#א`��b%%%�Zא�nא*%%%�8W0���fא��א*8א�e�%%%Bא��$%%%��T'8א*)�%%%!����Early Colonialא*1#%%%�Iא��8�8@�%%%��

���h�����%s-�e%B8$���f��%&8[���=����z�%0F�Z�%G=+��������%h�V��%%&!"#�$�%%1��Rא��8�8@�%%��`���%%�Aא.��U%%����%%��א�\%%#א،�

��8��%%%%-�S@8%%%%�Monticello�'�%%%%()(���،�%%%%�0�Fb>�V�=������1��%��<%$�C8-# �F����8o�١٧٦٨�١٧٨٢y���t%�G�،

��`� �������������`�% ���%("�،�%0(U���%IX$�T�\r�א������א*#"!&��$�@7����,��%%%%% ��$%%%%%�*Y\�3א8%%%%%v'=�א* %%%%%X�e[א�(�K%%%%%���א� �

Cross axial�،��\%%-א��8$�1א��'�3%%$א%%i�%%$��'��3�vא�%%���F(Malnar and Vadvarka, 1992)�'�א��'���p٣א�EK� �

�̈ 6�V��%%א����א��א���%% ��א�����%%���#o�%%א���u%%�$����#%%-�T+�%%&!��%% @6���}%%-Z� �%%-#���،�%%&'���א�%%�e�Dא�

�����d1א��( F_א�X,�א��א.���������،'-% X#א]���'B%���א.��R��Y -�>���������y+­��#%$�'�`���%9\%#א� ��א��'F���א��8@���א�

Adam�Z��#%%%%%[�A%%%%%����%%%%%oא�C­��%%%%%��*א�`Anne��#��%%%%% *א

F���%%-Kא����%%&�Mא�T(��8"8"�#��%%$�#o�%% *א`��א#%%[���%%oZ�Chippendale،�R��Y %%%%-א���(�X D%%%%*8%%%%©�א\iא��e%%%%�

�����%%�X*א�()8%%+=��א�� bא�%%�rא� �"�%%iא�Cא.�8%%א���%% ��n_�%%$���%%o.א���%%�Aא����R%%W0%%���א*�)%%{�א.+����\(%%��

�א� %%0�N#�����א� )%%�+�،���p%%���lא�8%%'+��%%�eא� %%��%%)\��،��%%J.א�yא�Y %%-א�%%א��m�$�Ipא�%%\8&�%%��א����X��$ID%%0��

H� ����٢���56�١K���A#®��56א'������T{)*א���U���AאIXQ%����א.��R%%%%�$�T#��%%%% *א��%%%%�F'8Mא�C8 �'�%%%%"�Carlton House�

'�%%()(��=��%%@_8��=#%%0��Henry Hollandy�%%��C�%%0��V��١٧٨٣yK�����،!%%�&��b%%�Z�A�%%-�H�#p%%*א��%%Ukא���y�Y %%-

�א�%%%�א���1��%%% �א� %%%�`�$%%%�� !&>،�،�א�\%%%#א`�א�8%%%r]1א���e%%\���،T)[%%�א.'��%%��א*(��%%o.א���%%B�0*8]�%%�،��אrא��

��e%%%%��،y+­�`א#%%%%\$�T#o�%%%% *אyא�Y %%%%-���%%%%0א�(U8'�א��א�%%%%���l��$����\*א��� ����Fא�bDא����mא��'���p٤א�EK� �

� �

� � ��� � ��)=.( �> Monticello�''�?�@A� % B #''� 3�''*

�-+C,�-C63��'''�1��� 2� D�'''�8E

78����@ .��5� (Ball, 1980).

Page 8: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٣٦

� � ��� � ��)/.( �>Carlton House 3�'* 75?� % �-C=32

��'''�1��� �Henry Holland. �5�'''�

(Malnar and Vodvakara, 1992).

� �����������%���\&6�V��%א����א��א���% ��א�����%���#o����

$������Qא�br ����( F_א�����eB8א���T��Q+=����3א��א_� ������%%%%-Z�%%%%()א���KR(D%%%%א���%%%% א��א��א���%%%%���א��$���%%%���G�+�%%%���@%%%���Dא*%%%$��)p�%%%�i��aא* �#�����%%%)�I[�

��T+#%%% ���%%%�0&+�����%%%-K"%%%��T'8�%%%$�8p����%%%�،��+'א�����Y Ds�%G8��������t%�G`�א��K-%�����א� (bI&%�،������א]%#�

����א��p%%iא�\�I(1%%،��א��#א-�1%%א�#-%%��א*�8@%%����%%��E%%%��א���א&\fא��.�HK%%%B%%%vאT8p،��X�%%%����M��8%%%א�

�&#��Tא*%%%%�%%%%�TbIא����_\%%%%��א��،bUTא*%%%% D*א�%%%%>#�!����A����pא8M`��א�!א��Cא�8%'+،��א*I����������V��%rא*����80

��F#)��%%%%7�،a�() %%%%-א����l%%%%*8%%%%¬��אX0*א�'�%%%%Y �א��������0Iא��C8��e��#,� Dא��¬�(��C8���X$�\��K��A%������%�U�א.��T�%%&�Mא�����%%-Kא`�א��#%%[�A%%��T{%%)*א��#�%%Xא*��1%%א��

Royal Palace at Caserta�%%%%()(���،'1�� � @�%%%%>�=� �Luigi Vanvetelliy����١٧٥٢،y1א����א��� ���k �`�א�

$��Y %%%-א`�א#%%%[�yא�����%%%0>�e%%%$'Z�+8%%%F8$��،~�'�%%%Iא�������)Ip%%%��C8%%%א�Z��،�%%%&!"#���%%%�"#G�'��%%%4��،�%%%א���+

���nK�>�،��IMא�A>���rI���$�������C8%����%X$�\*א�#,� Dא��A����e%%\����%%F#)��V��%%r��I*א��1،��א��א�%%��%% �א.o%%��א�

(Ball, 1982)�F���'���p٥א�EK� �� �

� � ��� � ��)<.( ��'F� &' �� Royal Palace at Caserta %

G3�'''* �'''���H0 �-<63 2��'''�1����

Luigi Vanvetelli.�5�� (Ball, 1980).

� � 6 �������� �������� ��3�+9 :!���� 7����

��#%%oZ��%%א�����א��K-%%������אQ�F%%���א* %%,�X)א��א��א�����%%%% ��א�����%%%%��'8%%%%\���%%%%����Tu%%%% �א���%%%%���

T�%%%%%%%%%%&�Mא�����%%%%%%%%%%-Kא���NeoclassicismF�١٧٨٠�

١٨٤٠yE�،��%%>+��56T+�%%&`��%%F'� �א��N8א��%%��'#%%W א�����%%o�( א���KR(D%%א��������K-%%�����א��א���%%����א� %%��

��،�%%%&'8"lא*�%%%��¯�8%%%א���z8%%%B8��$���D%%%@# ��Tא�%%%&�Mא�'א�����Cא� %%%!&�،�א_¦%%%�§%%%Mא��%%%M�)x�א%%%��$�TbI%%%"�

yא�Y %%-�$�'�%%�!א�:�א�!�#&%%����א���A%%��T#( D%%*א�l%%>80א����א*%%%%�X D)�'&!�א�()�X%%%%�א.<%%%%��א�%%%%56��XDא.'®�

�����D%X*א���F!א���z.�8א�א��$%�I%�b،T��yא�Y %-א����y�%�#א�Z����p%%iאZ���%%*א�Cא.�8%%א�����%%B'.א�V�+��D%%א���)Ip

�rI�%%%%��$�K��%%%%("�`�%%%% ��א����%%%%��E��1א�\%%%%#א`�א,�%%%%�G�1,�%X @_א�Eclectic Revivalism��D%@���#��$�����3�%%\Y א�

Page 9: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٣٧ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

������،1,��% �א+�א* z8،��א� %�$�eא�% ��א�%�א��������1א��% �א��%%4�A 8%%א§��%%)$Z�T'8�%%$��%%����،6%%��X&���°א#%% �$%%>�א�

��yא��א")������Kא�� �Y -א`�א�#\E����C­����(���1,��GAnne��V6¨��،אu%%%א��E�1\%%%#א`�א,�%%%�G='�() %%%-_א`�א���א#%%%\E�1א,�%%�G1%%X&#LEא�\%%#א`�א��،�%%�&#�Z�V�='8%%[א{�Eא�

#@%%1Dא�F�١٨١١�١٨٢٠yEKא���%%( �E�1א�\%%#א`�א,�%%�G1,�X @_א�\8&�%�،����������א�m�$�Ip%א���TbI%א��א����% �����א�

،�$��)Ip��%����rIא.�8%א�Cא*%����2א*%������א�8XD:�א�(����،�������~#���}(�����1%)�I\א���p%iא������Eא�V�8%���%("��،א��%7@�

��("R�() -א�Z�Cא���8אf@{�TAccent color���%$���F'������I�f���@8����$���o�����%X(LZ�Cא.�8%א�RWIhZ�،n����+�%-�

��C8א��������،#p��e-� א��C#Xא��א���>��Iא����e%���אY %-א�y��I%%%%א��#%%%%�QאZ��.�1%%%%א����]%%%%#א`oZ%%%%����،$%%%%�±א�#

�}א]8'&�Eא.-8%+،��������א�+��D%א���،���&#��q���Z�p%א.�%����A،�א.��#²���8%0$א� 8א"�Oא�����vא�!א�Cא.�����%�U�א.

����Z�'א+�T�%%&�Mא�~�'�%%Iא���%%IXG�A%%��T{%%)*א$%%#א}&'�%%$�� �Paris Opera'�()(���،=��y�%��b@'�%L�}�'�F��١٨٥٧�

١٨٧٤yFK��%%%�'���p%%%٦א�E،א��A%%%����1,�%%%�GEא`�א#%%%\�National Museum Building�Vא* W%%%%��א�8%%%%]���

A\0%%%Jא��،'�%%%()(��=�Montgomery C. Meigsy�%%%���١٨٨٥yK(Massey, 1990)�F���'���p٧א�KE� �

���]#�����א" p�:�א��T'8Uא��0��������+���&�Qא����T�%&�Mא��p%@Eא�y�%�١٨٠٠y�56��+�%( �_א�������%��א�(�%

����b� �G�,�%�����'<%±�א*%0��?�א�����O 0(���،�����E]#��א�% ���Z��,�X @_����������8%א¯�O%F8 ،��א��%7��"�4��Z��&'�()*א�`#\���

����³�%X א*����%00א���e�0� א��������f��%U&�Qא*8%א+�א��%�N8���}=������%%F!א����%%&�Q�"��%%���)א*#�@%%��א���T'�%%Xא��KR(D%%א���

�� ،�������3�D"����%r�� I%��א��א���%��$����א*()�'&��א�א��p%@�)%%-�T+�%%&`��7 �%%7���� �<%%�nK،�א@ �%%7 �G����F'+%%��א'�

�A%%%��%%%�+�( א����D%%%�D *א��}�́%%%X*א��p%%%@Eא���%%%��()�(Curtis, 1996)K� �

� �

�� � ��� � ��)+.( �"4I �> J0��" Paris Opera 3�'* �#$�� %

�C<-,�C-/3 2���1��� A$��'K J���@ .

� �5�(Malnar and Vodvakara, 1992).

� �������A%%��1@�%%Uא����א�%%0�V�����0�%%א��T'8%%Uא���+Z

�'�Z�V�#p%%��A��%%Uא��C#%%Xא����+&����%%$56��%%�0$��%%��א� %%��%%%%%���( Fא�T�%%%%%&�F�$�R%%%%%�¦��='8%%%%% � ���(%%%%%�#�א� �

Victorian AgeF�١٨٣٧�١٩٠١yE�،��%%%%%%%¥c+Z56���א�\XI%%%���א`+�%%%�'����8%%%א�#�Z%%%���1א_� %%%��+��-%%%�{�

�Sא�8-\��א����R)-���������V��%א�#א�����%XI\א�����X �q8�%-Z����%%7���G�%%h�����%%d`�0*��%%א����א��א���%% ��א��(�%%���

(Malnar and Vadvarka, 1992)�Kא��`�%% �א����%% �א�

Page 10: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٣٨

��X�-%��$%��א� � 8%'=����`א#א��א�����fא��א�\���#r�����%@'�X���7 /%("�،�R�����X$�Dא��\#`��$� Gא�������a��%J.א��%����%�"� ��$�

q8�-.א�������%��،�א�()�V�=+8א� %�)���Y D����©8%\iא����%%%�0W0*א�%%%�I��r���=l%%%8%%%'=��א� � ��א�\%%%#א`�א�����%%%��

7�א� %%%%-��nאbU%%%%"��#p%%%%��}��%%%%iא`��8%%%%&{�א#%%%%[�A%%%%�� �Louis XV��("�،�`� �א��א��א���%��$��D%I�]�����א��% �א�

�א�<��א������a�IX %-_א�#��%���א�����S%א������א@7'�%F��!%�����Y���$�(Ball, 1982)K� �

� �

� � ��� � ��)-.( BL8� M���National Museum Building %

3�''* NH?''O4 �CC<3 2��''�1����

Montgomery C. Meigs .�5�'''''�

(Massey, 1990).

� ���Q���GK%%%hEא��%%%���vא���%%%F���C8%%%0 #"%%%��א�

:#%%%%Qא��Arts and Crafts Movement�F١٨٨٠�

١٩١٠y�E�����%%�0,��*א���%%F� 08%%7'�א�/���D%%"�)���%%7(�����%%%��K�.6א����0�א�%%%�T'8%%%Uא��y�%%%���#%%%o�t%%%�G�،�:�%%%�

��א� %56������������Aא� \8'��%�G8��T+�%�6��،�%&����אQ#<%��א��&�9����،T'�()א���:#Q+�א�א_$ (���������C#%X����%���(Mא���%Xא��A��

#p%%��e%%-� א�،%%µ\א��l%%I@��Eא�`#�±%%>'���%%�,��G_'@א�%%7I������a��%J.א���� �]�I(%�����א� %�`���Kא_@%�D�$���א����1(�8

�א��א����1�� ���$א��%��،�����%(,K*א��%��80،��א�T+8%F���p%%%@Eא��,�Structural fitness��%%%� �N8א���[�D%%%Iא���،،�

yא�Y -����������%7אFא�8א�a8%[�����T���א�Ip��m�$א.<���Xא*) (Lampuganani, 1986)�K�A%%������%%"#Q�Tb7p%%א���%%�U�א.

�:#%Qא��C80 א،��%Red House�V�¨6�uא��R%�Iא.����#%²א�'�()(��=���������y�%��}&'8%����%�����%&������>��١٨٦٠،y�

�א�%%%�א��$�1\%%%#��%%% �%%%�eא�\%%%#א`��k %%%�`�א���%%%J�( &�`א����%%�,�0Iא��T+�%%(���^&#�%%א��®#)��%%$��،1%%�vאF��8$�%%\א�

�א�%%%%p(��א.-F�q8�%%%%�4��%%%%@�%%%%"�E�،56��Tא.#%%%%²Eא¨������[�D%%%%Iא���#N�%%%%0 א��y�%%%%)$��%%%%U��=l%%%%א��=!%%%%��� �

�%%%%%%�c8 Dא� ��A&8%%%%%%א�%%%%%%�א��1��%%%%%%���z8%%%%%%B8א��K� �(Malnar and Vadvarka, 1992)�F���'���p٨א�EK� �

� �

� � ��� � ��)C.( 'PQ R��� �Red House % SG �'�� 3�'*

�C+T3 2���1���� ��'�44 U'04 U'����

J0�8� .�5�� (Massey, 1990).

Page 11: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٣٩ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

�V�'8%%\ א��א�'{%%��R%%@�"��%%&�Mא�A%% �G#"%%��א�Art Nouveau Movement�1��EאEא��y�d��1-��D%א����

������Eא�V���%�@8א���T#%/01،��א��8Xא������X�\ %-F���%�����E�א-%%% ��$%%%("R��bI%%%) �Kא*($��%%%�0�� ��F8�80%%%���]%%%#��א�

���%%"#Qא��^%%�K��=f�='�%%()��#%%7/*��%%F�W��%%���( Fא���%%�@KX��Z��O%%@8"�A%%��#%%U"Z��T+8%%)56@/)%%��+&�8%%'،��א��

�������T'�%()�����%-�-.א���Xא�6��5א����������D%0�Kאi\�%��א�%��'R(D%%%א����%%% �� (bI&%%%��$���א��א���%%%א��]r���%%%)�I%%%��א�

�����a8%%%�Qא�e%%%��O%%%�������1,�p%%%@E����7%%%א����W%%%Bא�8א%%%%� �N8א�Eא�C�+������%%%%("�،�%%%%>#�!��$�©א#%%%%>�`�%%%% ��א

א���%%% �@%%%�،��#א* %%%#©��א*�� %%%�@���$א�%%%��X���%%%&8dא�����،��p����� �N8א�א�������^%�K*��²א���(�V���@KXא� 0/�

����( F_א��،����%( )T�����������%)$��%���%"#G��%�����%���I\@_א��%%� D���Y��T#%%� I*א��p%%@E]%%#��א����%%�0X א*8%%א+��א���K

�`�%% �א��א��א���%%���א��א��%% $��[�D%%I�����%%��� @��א�#��%%�����0&��אy،��א�Y %%-א����O%%F8 א���،�W0%%*א���p%%א�

��������������V�j��%I*א�b%L��\�D%Iא���(�X D%*8%©�א\iא��%����א*( )�`�#< %%7�،��א*%%�0W0���א�(%%�8&���א.��&�Qא�T�%%(��%%&�

��8X�%*א���Cא'�%Mא���% �r����Wall coverings�����Xp%��א�* %%0���T#Nא.�%%J��b%%L�aא��א8%%QאF!�א�!F��F%%��א*�8@%%�،

����،�%%�X0א���D%%0א����%%���I0א��n�h8�%%א���`�%% ���א� %%�)�����X\0*�$�����،�X$�D%��%0א�\%#`�א�(���A%��'#W א���'�(U %-א��

��`!%%%)&��%%%x��%%%U&�Qא*8%%%א+�א����%%%-Z��%%%&87 א��T�%%%BEא����)�I\א��K���("�#(U -א�������T+#%א��^%�K*א���\�DIא�� ��א��

���%%% ���1����0&���]8���#%%%`&(%%%7���א��א� ��D%%%�Dא�%%%

©8\¶���������@KX)א��A��T{)���(�X D������Y D�����%�0X���������l%>א�80א�V�:� p%א����@���F!א��m�&8`א�،�����%F!א���

���%%��&#��%%�(Pevsner, 1979)�K�Aא*��V�C8%%א��%%0�,{�א.���A%%%%���%%%%>�#)*א��%%%%�U�������8%%%%א.%%%%&�Mא�A%%%% ��G#"%%%%��א� �

�R%%%%%�$�%%%%%��Hill House'�%%%%%()(���،=�¬8 0"�%%%%%�� �Charles Renie Makintoshy����١٩٠٣y��%���t%�G�،��!

��%%%�I�)� א���d��%%%J�$א����%%% �א�(�+&%%%�،��א'� ����%%%7�א��������T+��%vא��7���K���،n��ID@�Tbr�א����,�� 8�7��א��|�

1F'�iא��� )���eא�Massey, 1990(�F���'���p٩א�EK� �� �

� � ��� � ��)V.( �W R�"Hill House % GS3�* ��� �VT=3 2

���1���� Charles Renie Makintosh .�5��

(Massey, 1990).

� ��������8L���%J��0&����&#G�C�"�����8p%0��nא'{%����%-'���8L���%JF�١٨٩٣yE،�����%����!%%"'�S%����%%�0א�X א���%>�XUא�

���%%�@KX)א���،��,�p%%@Eא��%% �N8א���$�� �%%���א_-%% �N8�����א(M���aא.��������������%-�0dא�<%$�T8%� ��א�-��،����K�

�T+8�%%X���%%&bI)��V�T'�%%()א��¦%%·�$�R%% �N8א����p%%@E���א��א��א���%��������א�%����0X �K�R(Dא�0 (�%����א���% �*/��%$�#7א�

Page 12: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٤٠

��%%%��r���%%%�� @��%%%�XUא�Cא'�%%%Mא��#�Q�%%%$�Z�8$�%%%\א����،$�����C�+�z8B8א����[�DI��6���،�>#�!א��a�(�yא�Y -_א��

����1,�p%%%@Eא��%%%��dא��،l%%%>א�80א��D%%%0���%%%o�( *א* �%%%#'�א���،=�&�Qא*א����\\Yא�����%�Ff8(0*א���،�%�o�( �nK�%>���A%��

��(Schulz, 1978)K��y'א�0�-�1א���pdא��א� )�+ �q����١٩٢٠yE ��F١٨٩٣א�%}א'=����q8�-Zא-

Prairie style������%%%�.��%%%�>�XUא����%%%�)�I\א�����%%%Yp���1%%%�&#��%%%�e ��[%%%�،��א�8-�3%%%א��1%%%$#rא.�T'�%%%()א���

���)�I\א�aKr -א������8א'+���6�%d��+�����������A(%Bא� %��א��א*()�'&��� ��R(D�$��z8%B8א�א������Sא��א��������bI%%) א������$��D%%@_א�L�%%0 א���،�T�%%( )�uא�3%%$�%%��eא��

���D@�� ��T'8�$�e�8*א���%������� !�%�����،א�א��א���% �א����%%>�VZ%%G�+=z8%% ���،�e%%��z8\Dא�%% �"�%%����%%��א���&8 D%%*א�e%%���%%\I�#*א�%%�)�I\א��،���$��D%%@א��א��%% �א���א� W%%���א��א���%%���%%0��e�I%%-������،��א��א���%%�L�%%0�Eא��D%%FC�D%%@�،�+�%%( א�!�#<%%�א����%%)�I[�A%%��א�0�$(%%��

��%%%%%0Iא���T+�%%%%*���%%%%%2،��א>�����א*���@���%%%%%��"�� �%%%%iאE§�א�א*�%%%��T�%%%B��،�V��%%%א����א��א���%%% �%%%��א����

��&8���T�G��K��Z������o.א�e\���R@��>����\�D%$�©8\¶�(�X D%%��،%%s�0r D��<&!%% א��A%%���K¸��%%("���%%����א� �"�%%

8א+�،��א*%%%<�X%%%���א� ��b%%%L�A&8%%%א* %%%0�N#��אi\8%%%©�א.�p@Eא�,���،��,�� �א*�א�(�K���א�( )����T�.א�J��a

X��T��L،nK�%%%>��A%%%�����8$�%%%\א��A%%%����p%%%*א��א*%%%�8�#�Qא��V�=!%"#*א��� ��+א'���(Wright, 1970)�Kא�%)&��1%%$�'Robie House�،8L���%%J�V�'�%%()(��=�m%%@א#>�

y���R&א'��&8��١٩٠٩y��A��A��T{)*א���U��q8�-Zא.�������א� ��GK א��t�G�='+�����א�}א�א_$ (%���)�I\א��e���

�A%%%א�����A%%%��bI%%%) א���،#N�%%%0 *�3�%%%א\Y %%%iא��,�������e%F8א+���#א(�����)�I\א�א����������%� �N8א��§�%¦��%���(Mא���%X

yא�Y %%-א��8@�%%�����א���X��%%$�H8%%0 א���،z8%% �א*Y\�3%%א*����TbI%%%%"��%%%%�F�F`���G�D%%%%���%%%%�N8���،��D%%%%(�*א�

(Kurtich and Eakin, 1993)�F���'���p١٠א�EK� �� �

� ���� � ��) �T.( X4� R'�"Robie House 3�'* 8K� �'O %

�VTV3 2���1���� R'0� 5'08� Y'$�� .

�5��(Kurtich and Eakin, 1993).

� � 6 �������� �������� ��3�+ �� 7����8

�`�%%% ��א�Tu%%%>���%%%oאQאModernism�$���%%%7F8 ���%% ����%%�@KX)א���،�p%%@Eא�� &'��%%� ����א_� )�D%%� �א�

T#\�D%%%א����&#�%%%Iא������%%%&#� ��א���%%% @%%%D����C%%%��א���������+�%)$Z�����%��§א��א��6�V�§'�+�t�G�1+'א~��<%7K���O�،

�8א�%%��<�#&%%���(�%%{�%%�6�T'�#%%B�%%�G�+��������Tא� )%%�+�Z�����&�F�e( �����>Z������n�%) @�#U"���@�D%@�K����%("��`�% ��א

��Tu>��%oא�Qא�$������%F�Qא���א�y !א&%Y %-_��q8�%-Z����% @Eא�

Page 13: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٤١ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

�����%%&#� ��א*�+&%%�،א��)�b%%r���،1%%א�(8א�%%��אQ%%��'&��א�������4q�\X -א�¡+�I*א����T+�%vא�������%��K�.א�����%-K��

�%%%>#Qא��#%%%�+�S%%%א���%%%�F8�80� א��T'8%%%Uא���K��`�%%% ��אא��א���%% �א���%%��א����%%oא�Qא��%%�G#*����$���%%� �N8א���f

�T�%%&�F��%%�����b&�%%)��T�%%( )���D%%08%%א@>��א�Xא���%%�����}�&�X*א����B�&#א���@�D@Eא�����T+�vא�a��J����%-�0dא��

���%% ����\�D%%Iא�،�Z�%%I���א� %%�א���$%%>��א_-%% )#א'&����� ��Tא*( )� #+א�א*��������o،�א��א����1אi���1F',>א��

���Tא�8Xא�%%%%��א�!�#<�%%%%�"�.%%%%(��K"�%%%%@�R�a��%%%%J.א�����Y D%%%*א�����Tl%%%$�@�T+#%%%���\�D%%%$���%%%-�0�������0%%%h

�Eא���%%�U( א����%%>#�!���%%��%%�g'� א��א�،��e%%���%%0(��،��א�!�%%#Vא_-%% ()����A%%�aא_$ (%%�+$%%�±�א���C8%%א.����א�%#+���Tא�(�K%���א� %��,�����%��א*Y\\%�����������א� )

���������א��א����1א� �"��� ���C#*א�y87 א* ��I���،�G8א*�������7�%%%)$�A%%%�����%%% א��א*D%%%0���Z��$א*0��%%% ��%%%��א�

yא�Y %%-�$���b%%L�z8%% �א�8Xא]%%�eא* W#"%%�،��א*Y\�3%%א*�#N�%%%0 *אa�() %%%-א���%%%�\�\Y א����%%%-��Xא��T�%%%G8א��O%%%���

F�،='8 0>١٩٨٧yEK� ���%%%%"#Qא�R>�%%%%�����IX D%%%%*א�y�%%%%��١٩٠٩y��V

�%%���I%%��א�q#%%Qא�(�*�6��%%�Tu%%>�V��%%���\&56��Z�%%I��e�%%-8������aK��A���&#�I+א�#¢&��א��א� )���� �y87א����A��،א�!

�%%�K���1%%"#Qא��%%�U( א���%% ���y8%%7א���e%%���%%�+�I *א��������p���0$א��V���-�"א�����")��א� )��Kא� !א���Aא� ��

���"#Qא�¡+�%I������������%&#)��V���%-�"��%@�#*א���%�����0&��א��א��א������1�� ��,�&6������©8\��V�6�����%�D"�§�א����%�����

7N�'�א�(0�h#�אI�"#����%�"#Q%��א*8%א+���������$�� (�bIא*��@����1��X9��،T%��<��1%�#א� %!א���Aא� %�א�������������%&�Mא�����0�א�

��%%% �K(Gideon, 1977)>�א�%%%�א����1א%%%i��1F',$%%%>�א���)%%%%-������IX D%%%%*א�'�%%%%��Futurism��y�%%%%�١٩١٤6�y5�

���א� (�A%��bIא�\��%�������������X ��7א�F8א��{����-�-Zא��br��T#%%h�)*א�T�%%�W����%%�����0&��א�%%�D�-��،��א_� )��%%��א�

$%%7������%%&#� ��א*8א�%%��א�%%&�%%0��?��א.-%%������א*:�¦�����������t&�%Qא���Kא� ����0Xא�%��V�����p\8%&#�@/#&%���א� %�)�

��%%("��א�y���%%����%%���א� �%%�'�א� )%%Y %%-_#&^�א�א�%%�א��א��א���%%%%%���א�%%%%%��K�R(D)8%%%%%א+��%%%%% �Q#"%%%%%��$�א�

%%���א�0 (�%%���א*#�@%%��iא���%%�����0&�����T%%��א�%%( )��،��%%%I�Z�yא�Y %%%-א������%%%-Z��©8%%%\���a��%%%JZ��+8%%%א��

�����������O%�>�T+8%F8*א���%J.א�aK��A���� 7��א�>��،T�&�F�،#N�%%0א��A%%����X D%%��T'8�%%$���%%("'���%%��א�א� �%%��%%( �

�%��������א*�Y���bL\\��א*�����D%¦��bIא������X*א��T#N�0 �"#Qא�(Zevi, 1960)K� �

Qא�R%%0I����%%�I�)� א���%%"#�Cubism�y�%%��١٩١٠y���E��&#�Iא��T'8Uא����،�� �א*8/0'���+א����nא" p�:+'א~�א�

��1�� ��$�6���،�� �א� �K"�A��y-%����������א_@\X�H+'א~�א��'-%%��א�8%%I`א�'�K�%%"#Qא�R>�%%���%%("56����&�%%X�¡+�%%I��

*�����#%%%%[���%%%%&�Mא���%%%% '§�6 �y8%%%%7א��%%%%7N��%%%%( )T������_�Sא��a��J.א��-'�V����B�&#}����א����8'����A�k

=#p%%%Iא��a�%%%�i،�א��א")%%%R(D%%%���%%% ���א��א���%%%א��א�$���T#�>�!&!) +א� �����א�� ��O% &f8א�א�@��O &'א#( -����%XX4�

�<א�%%%%pא������%%%%�����0&��א�%%%%�א���1،���%%%% ��א�%%%%&�9�

Page 14: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٤٢

0�-���א���dא�a��J.�$I��،�\�D+�( א���������%r����%�0>����8א��������%% �������א�%%!%%)Iא��y8%%7 ��a8%%�+��،�%%&�&#��،א�

'�%%I א����%%"#G�C�D%%@Eאn�%%&8�G�nא!%%F���%% ���V+א�%%��א�6��،O"++'א�א� )�������a�$�y8�Qא��#N�0 א��a�$�������0&��א�

�א�� %%%�،��א� %%%�א���$%%%>�א�� �%%%���%%% ���%%%#®�،��א�\D%%א�z8���%%0Iא���%% "�e%%��%%����Kא��8@�%%��א* �א��%%��ZI[��%%)�

��a��J.א�`� ��>�d�$���-�0Mא��T�&�$������A%��1p%א���%�U( ������E��Gא��C­�V�T+�) ��#/@�©�X@���،=!%�Q8%+�אF8א~�א�'+

���I%%������%%&+�*א���%%�@KX)א��b%%L�a��%%J.א��$�� %%-K����D ��(Gideon, 1977)Kא�0 �

����"#Qא�R���G��&�&#���%��Abstractionism���yא� ١٩١٧y�6�����%@��%&�F�eא���+�������A%��?��yא�Y %-א�א���#%h�0)�

���C��*א��C����U��y%��א�8א�%��56��������e+<����،א*\��V��Xא�!%������1)�I\א�a��J�x���،�&8�)א����#��/��T�( )s���OF8 א�

�=�א� (%%%%bI=�א�%%%%�א��1%%%%&#���א� %%%%�)��א� %%%%!א56�aא� �A%%��،�א�f��%%���Xא��א��U�<%%��א�#�!&%%��אJE%%�'א��)��%%�8

�،>�א�%%�א����1א%%i�1F',א� %%�א���$%%>�א� %%����א� )%%�+�א����������C8%+'א-��% �א�%!��K����������A(%B�A���א���% א�

)s��T�%%G�#́�����'�%%iא����א��0o�,�%%��א�%%�%%r�6�:�%%7$��%%>،����A��nK�>א������% ��eא�������%��J%���������א��א���%��א� (��א+א�%%%% � �K��V�8%%%%%%%%���א\���[#%%%%JZ���K�\ D%%%%*�

���T#( D%%%%� ���%%%%)[�X ���Z��%%%%א�����%%%%( )T���%%%%�X*א�1@�D@EאK���"#Qא���F����&bI) א���Expressionism��%"�+#

�����"#G�§�¦��)>��%���I\@_א��������T�,�D%א���%,�X)א������Vא�#-%�_%%()��+%%>��56n�l%%@­�T'א~،���%%$�a��%%J.#9&%%��א��A%%��

���7��U���Z������X���،������Y Ds������V���%-Z�#�0)"�C8א������������% �א� ��boא�(�] �K)���1���א�I�#&��+א���א�� B6

��%%%%�XW ����A%%%%��?��%%%%0�1%%%%א�"#Qא��p%%%%א����%%%%�����0&�א��-\�OG8א��א���%�������O، �8&0���א���������pא���G6�!&!)���

����Y D%%%�א*%%%\\Y����b%%%Lא* %%%0���T#Nא� %%%�א���$%%%>�����%%���4��،1F'�%%iא����1א��א� (%%���A%%��bIא� %%��,>�א�%%

=!%%�'���p%%$��%%0I*א�c8%% 4K��%%�Z�'8%%\ א��א�'{%%����'�%%� �%%%&bI) א�F�١٩١٨�١٩٢٥yE��<$#%%%Qא�<%%%$��%%%��Tu%%%>�V��R%%@��>'�%%�+`אbI%%) א��A%% �%%���א��N8א� \8%%'א��א���،=

�%%�@KX)��56א�0!�%%،���א�����H�%%I����K%%���%%)>�'�%%7N6� ���א� %%#+��א� (%%�A%%��bIא�%%lא�����%%$�e%% ( &K��`�%% ���א

�� �$�.�J��aא����I&#rא�i���7 ������%�I�����xrא��א����א�א������،A��������א�!�0&���<�#�Tא��D� � �(D��$���T#%/0א`�א�#$�

��)8%%א+�א�0I�,�%%��א�#���@ ���%%�،��א� �b%%L��%%�N8א*8��%%:�����א�r)8%%%®��א� /��%%%������%%%�X) א��#��%%%/��}%%%�)&��%%%x�

�%%&`� @� bI)&%%��א��K-%%�����א��]%%#א`�(U#�א� �%%�'-%% א���Kא���%������6�����������eא*( )��%&!���א�#���1%Gא�#%&#�7N�'���3%א�

����aK%%��1,�p%%@E��1%%א-�0dא��%%X0א�yא�Y %%-א���%%F!א���%%-8"�C8%%�*א���A%%��bI%%) �����%%�1%%א�G�#�8א�(D��`8%%�#�

���p%%%%%א��،�y�%%%%%( �_א��A� �%%%%%#�TאQ#"%%%%%���א�%%%%%!$�،�yא�Y %%-_א��،C8%%����%%U�*א���%%("#(U %%-'א�א`��א� �%%#%%[�

��a��%%%J.©��א�א.�%%%��%%%����א� (bI&%%%��א�(%%%�8&��א*( )%%%������%%%%2�dא�A%%%%��Tf8��%%%%*��%%%%�0אW0*א��%%%%����Qא��@�D%%%%@Eא� �

�%%%%%)�I\א��#%%%%%h�0��،�+�%%%%%( א��T'�%%%%%()א���,��%%%%%��� ����f�%%%%(0"��%%%%�"�'�I8]�%%%%���א�rא�y�7� %%%%-K�1%%%%G�#א���

(Benton and Milliken, 1975)K� �

Page 15: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٤٣ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

��%%�Z�'8%%\ א��א�'{%%��V�'�%%���� %%-�=+��De Stijl�F١٩١٧�١٩٣١yE��R%%@��>��:�#%%/�#%%³א��r��%%���( F_א�

��א_-% 0�+�،��¦��`�<���א� �A%��Aא%�Q�T،����������א_� ��+&�����������%�&���V��%�0� ��א����D%� �U%������א.�א*I%�+¡�����א���%��K�

���8B8א���y�/0�����8א�B8*א����%7$�:���DI�]���א��zא����%%�X9��"�*א���%% @���%%&#�����%%0א�%%p)�����8א*�����8%%B8א�

��"uא���K�`� ����א�� p��#&��$�����א��א����א��]�I(��א��&���א�(KX@����א��&#� ��G� � ،���א_@(D��$�����%)Iא����D%�

�t%%%��Uא����%%%�X0א��a��%%%J.א*�(%%%�،���א��%%%h���T'8�%%%$%%%s����Y D�����%%%"#W *א��%%% � iא�e%%%[8אXא���%%%\\Y*א���

G8א*����A���،�����A%��T{%)*א��%�U��G#"%��+=�-% ���+א'�������א.��'+�#%JSchroder Houseא��%0�8��V��،�'�%()(��=��R%&b"�

�y�%%���%%�� &'�١٩٢٤y�t%%�G�،�D%%א����1א���א�%%��%% �א��%%%�)$��>���%%%�Aא*#"%%%!،��%%%�L��qא� %%%���א%%%$n�� ��b�rא� %%%

�#N�%%0 א��y�%%���،w�%%iא��y�%%)א��<%%$�^%%Bא+א�8א�%% ���א_=#�Iא��(Lampuganani, 1986)�F���'���p١١א�EK� �

� �

� � ��� � ��)��.( �>4�O �>Schroder House 3�'* 5?�8W %

�V6/32��''�1��� 5''����0� R''0AZ �

(Kurtich and Eakin, 1993).

�±%%%%%>'��%%%%%�,�0I'�א��א�#�-%%%%%�����%%%%%���,�p%%%%%@Eא� �Russian Constructivism�F١٩١٧�١٩٣٢yEא�����%%%���X �،T'�%%%()�������%%%-Kא���%%%)�\ n��56IX D%%%*א��br %%%א����

��e%%%B8���T­#%%%��T'�%%%()א���%%%h8$�='8%%%U1א���%%%( F_א����%%%&�Mא*א�H8%%%F#א��C�+�T�%%%�W���T�%%%&�Mא���%%%I�\ 56��א���X )*אZ���،����X א���n_��4�������IX D*'�א�א.<���Fא�!�

��e%%��א:א�\��(�%%��%%�Z���}%%�)��T'�%%(���%%�i���D%%"'�*א�����1*70?�א���T'8Uא� �א���$%>�א8Mא@%�����������0&�אM�@��א�

%������Kא�%�0�������א_� %��+&����א_F )����(����א�0NR���%% �&U%%�����א��א���%%א�א�Qא*8%%א+�א���D%%"������8(p%%א�

F�%%7I@��א�#�%%!=،���Vא� ��F8�80%%���א*0�%%!א��א�(�)�%%�������0���א��א��א���%������א� �`��¹��0�K)������א*�"���% א�$��������8%B8*א���[�DIא����@����אp%@E�,��،����א_� %��+��.��'#%%W T�A%%�����،�%%&���X א��y8%%�Qא�Tbp%%�56��%%�(�Z�

�%%�K���%%� $�א����א� �8&%%0����%% �����%%-�0dא�����p%%א����X0א�����T#N�0 *א�bL�Z�����T#X D%*א�Cא���א.�8%א�����%�X0�%vא�'��

�+Tא*%%%) �،�ºG8%%%���%%%("����%%%�X*א�q�%%%�L�%%%@EאD�@1�V���%% �%%��א�d)��%%0א�%%p)�����8א��א���%%א�א�� @�Kא����%%( �

���<%%%$�T!%%%�¥�Tא+�%%%"�C8%%%א���א����%%% �Z+�א���%%%�)���א��T�%%G���%%�XW ���%%א����א�א���%% ��،A���%%%%("r�R��Zא�%%!

�'�iא����א��0o�(Curtis, 1996)K�,���א� ��R>�%%�������%%���Iא���%%-'��Bauhaus School�

F١٩١٩�١٩٣٣yE��$�:#%%%Qא��C8%%%0 %%%�%%%0�'&{�א� ��L��%%uא+:n�%%���4�،����%%�X����0�%%א���A%% ��T8%%$%%>�א� �Kא�

���R%�(���X����%-'� �C8%0אM)��%���¦%������")#"%!�������א*��q'

Page 16: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٤٤

����%%�Aא� %%�)��n_�%%$�V#%%Qא���%% @Eאא��0�%%�1،nT�%%"�����Fantasy style�K\#א`�א� 0 %�`=�א���I��$��r��J.�����aא*

��A���T{)*א���U��'-%��$���%�������א.��A�����#&�%���% �����������Iא��،��D&+�V�'�()(��=�����y�%���8%�$�#"�uא����

١٩٢٦y�،��OG8\D%%%%$�1א����א�%%%%��%%%% ����t%%%%�G%%%%!�א�א���%%%�I�،א���f�l%%%>80����%%%א�F�F!א����G�D%%%*א��)D%%%$�

�%%%�@���א� �"�%%%����%%%��א.�%%%J��aא*�(I%%%���،א�d�"%%%��א*(���������(�%��V����%o.א�e%\��V��%�U( *א��\�D%Iא*0 /)%���א�

�T'�@Eא��א�G�(Malnar and Vadvarka, 1992)�F���pא����'١٢EK� �� �

� � ��� � ��)�6.( D4�'W4��� �05'� U� � 3�'* 4�#'0> %

�V6+32 ���1���� D8�"4�Z ���4 .�5��

(Massey, 1990).

� �����Art Deco Style]%%#א`�א� %%�Aא� %%!&���א-%% �7

F١٩٢٠�١٩٤٠yE������%%%%%-Kא���n_��%%%%%4yא�Y %%%%%-א��� ����rא�%���pא��1%oKUא.��������D�*א�z8\D+����א��$6(%��'�%U&

�%%%&#rא��Exotic�����%%%-�0d':�א�א�!�%%%���%%%>u*א*8%%%א+�א�T'#%%%�*א��،�Cא�$�!א��%%%�א�א.�8%%%אbo� �%%%7���#p%%%א��K�A%%%���

��א.��U%%��א*(%%}�A%%��T]%%#א`�א� %%�Aא� %%!&�����W%%h��%%0I��1%%%�&+6�}&{D%%%"Daily Express�،'�%%%()(��=�Z�}�%%%�

~'K"����VZ���0�oKUא,��א���K!�����H�#p%*א���y�7� %-_�$�����������א� %%%��&�%%%X#=�א��א*%%%�A%%% �%%%�Aא����%%%-Kא����

�p%%��A#��א� �-%%p%%��e#��א�����%%Uא��<@#%%X�����D%%@# �o#� %%א������%%%o.א��$�Q#"%%%��א� �(��I%%%�،��א� %%%�א���$%%%>��%%%�)�

����، %%��Rא� %%�)���א�%%�א��%%���1�)���א.`&%%�N���%%("��(%%%���א�#�%%%��yא�r%%%���¸�א� �"�%%%����%%%�������א*Kא��C+�%%%)

��%%�X>.א���%%��א���א_¦f�a��%%J.א�!א��%%�،��א�Cא.�8%%א0�-%%%���א*0 /)%%%����dא�a��%%%J.א�e%%%��T#D%%%� *8%%%©�א\iא

���א*�)%%����Dא�%%!&���%%�0א%%@E��T'א� ��%%���� )%%�+�א_��%%%&#Uא��Kא��R��Y %%%-C%%%��א.�8%%%א���<���%%%0&�I $��%%%א�!א���

(Massey, 1990)�F���'���p١٣א�EK� �� �

� � ��� � ��)�=.( &�0> ����[ \��G J0]#ZDaily Express %

I �?�E^9� �_4 2 ��'�1��� I ̀ �^'Z4 J�'�

(Massey, 1990).

� ���%%�Z1*�%%)א�\%%#א`�א��International Style�F١٩٢٥�

١٩٦٥yE�>�7����A%��bI%) ���:������Eא������0�א�%�T'8%Uא������% @

Page 17: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٤٥ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

%%#+א�א��)�1%%�����#D%%+�א���א*#�@%%�،��א_� %%��t%%�G�3I�'א���O �N8$��0I*א���J�K�R(Dא��������א��א��א��� �א�

��G� @_�$����������D%GEא����>� p%א���z8%B8א����G�D ��א��%�Aא�!�#<%�،�������،�� 7�- )#א'&�$�+#��א_@ /%����yא� )%�+�א�

��aא�� %%%�،���$%%%��aא%%%$�y8%%%�Qא�e%%%���%%%�� )�o%%%�،��א� (�����������%���/@��%���!%�"uא*#@%�،��א���T#N�%0 *א�bL���0&8� א��

A&8%%� 1א���p%%א���،�t%%�G��%%�I�)� א����%%-�0dא�a��%%J.אC8א����،�\�DIא.�א*0 /)���א�±�$�(Kurtich and Eakin,

1993)�K�A%%%��T!%%%�(*א��%%%�U�<%%%��A%%%����Kא�\%%%#א`�א�(%%%�*1א.8>�%%%%-=�Villa Savoye،�D%%%%@#>�V��'�%%%%()(��=�1%%%%��

�y���O&`8$'8"�١٩٢٩�١٩٣٠��،y����1א����א�%��% ����!�א�������dא�aKX -�$1,�p@Eא����z8\-�A��Mא��c#%�.א�Cא'��

+�( ��$�����������\&#p%א��l>א�80א��T#Q��7אFא�8א��#Q�3א\Y*א��%%�X>.א�،�D%%א���1א���א�%%��%% �א+�$�_@%%�D�$����א�%% ���א_

=#�%%%Iא��،�����%%%2����y8%%%�G�+�%%%( א��{%%%"�e%%%���%%%0&�I n��ID@�y8�Qא� (Ball, 1980)F���'���p١٤א�EK� �

� �

� � ��� � ��)�/.( 8��'� ^��� Villa Savoye 3�'* �#'$�� %

�V6V,�V=T32 ��� N� �����4 ���1� �

a0b8"�8Z c. �5�� (Ball, 1980).

3I%%%�'א����%%%�@KX)א��'�%%%���Rationalism�F١٩٢٦�

١٩٤٣y�E�����%%%J�T+�%%%) ������%%% x8אM��%%%� �N8א@%%%��א�����-��D%%%%%א����� D%%%%%� ��א.-����$8�%%%%%א_F )���%%%%%��א�

،�%%&!��א��nא�#%%( )�����%%k�Xא���%%���X א�%%(���T'�%%()�³א��%%»�n����A�k6������1%@KX����p%$�O"א'+�+�%( ��$�����%�X\0*א.-%{�א�K�

R(Dא���������א��א��א��� ��+��a8%א*8%א+�����$�_@�D�$���א���،��%%%%F!א����%%%%&�Qא���@�%%%%-#i�"�T�%%%%&�M+א�א� )%%%%��

D%%א���%%�Iא���D%%�*א�z8\����a��%%J�$��%%\I�#*א�y8%%�Qא����%%%���،�D%%%�́Xs�����\ D%%%��א�����e%%%��א�%%%�א���1��%%% �א�

�'�%%%%iא،��،�%%%%� �N8א�����,�p%%%%@Eא���%%%%7N6�'�א.F%%%%!א�א��A%%��yא_$ (%%�+Y %%-א� !�א���%%�g'� א��#%%h�0)�%%�0&�א���

(Curtis, 1996)K� ��א&���א�%%%%$�R%%%%)F'�=8�%%%%)א��'�%%%%� �Organism�

F١٩٢٠yE�6��%%-�0 א��}%%-Z�5�،��%%�XW �~K %%��א*��%%0Iא#%%7/�nאnKo�%%¥��bI%%) א���،�%%�)�I\8&��א��%%)�����A%%א���%%�,�( @

א��א��א���%%����א� %%�`��Kא.'®��%% 8א<%%�������%%��$א�Z�%%%%�eא��%%%%���א�\%%%%�����%%%%�X9��،�%%%%)�I�F!א��%%%%7���K�

�%%%�G� � ��א� (%%%�bIא�%%%�#&^��%%%YJ�A%%%�������א_@#%%% +T�،�� \���3%א�!�#<��א�0�$(%���%�Aא�%D\^��א*���������Yא� )�+���

�#Qא+א_�א� ���C�%�*א�z�'�e%����� ���(Jencks, 1973)�Kא� $%%�F�١٩٤٥�١٩٥٩yE����p(%%�]��א� �O%%F8א�(%%�8=���

n8%%'א\��#%%U"Z�%%����>���T+8%%)א����%%)�I\א��e%%��56�a��%%J.א����� �����aK%��Aא* �����%I א����������,%0�א�����%���)>��a��%JZ�

)�I\א�%%��������p%%����ID%%*א��%%&�W א��±%%>'��،���%%��X������-�0dא�y8�Q�$��0א��]�X��،����e%��yא�Y %-_א�����=�%��X א��b%L�

Page 18: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٤٦

�%%%�)�I\8%%%א+�א�(���(Lampuganani, 1986)K�A%%%�����%%%�U�א.T{)*א��A%������&8�%)א��'�%����aKp%א��R%�$�Falling Water�V�

،T�%%W *א���א�8_&%%�'�%%()(��=�y�%%��R%%&א'��%%&8��m%%@א#>��١٩٣٦�١٩٣٨�،yt%%%%�G���%%%%א����א��א���%%%% �� %%%%�`�א�

�%%%%�G� @_�$���$��D%%%%@_א��bI%%%%�²)�%%%%��>��א����C�%%%%�*א���%%%0&�I *א�y8%%%�Qא��،�L�%%%0 א����%%%�� �،�א�8א]��%%%2א_'�

���%%%�F�F!א����\&#p%%%א��l%%%>א�80א��%%%�N8���S%%%א�8א-%%%(��א���R%%XXG��1F'�%%i�3�%%אvא�e%%���%%����%%!`��א�(�K%%��א� ��

������(�Z�ºGK&��،A��א�!�� ��Tא�G�����z8\D%א����M�)��T�BE�������%9א� �D��)��א*D�G���א��8@�%��א�����)�I\א����V��

�!%%%&!)�T�%%%BEא�� %%%�����א��%%%)�I[���#%%%h�0)א�����KX %%%-א��,�p@Eא��������������n�%)��~#%W *א��R%$�Uא����%o.א�e%\��yא�Y %-א���uא����d�=!�Qא�(Kurtich and Eakin, 1993)�F���pא�

���'١٥EK� �� �

� � ��� � ��)�<.( d^�'� R'�" Falling Water �'0e8� %

3�'* f5����V=+,�V=C23 ���'�1���

��R0� 508� Y$. (Kurtich, and Eakin, 1993).

� �

+Z��E8%%%%%7'�����56)�%%%%%��א�0!�%%%%%��אN�O%%%%%F8 א��1%%(���Eא�RegionalismF�١٩٣٨yE��،�%%U&�Qא��%%"#Qא�V�

��:�%%%��=l%%%�56א��©�%%%I�'_א�'�l%%%¹א�����%%%��vא��%%%���X Eא��%%�(��������%%��vא*8%%א+�א��T�,�D%%%%��א����א�/%%#�:�א*0�K

��A���T{)*א���U��=�OFא�R%�$�1(���Eא*()%�'��������Aא� ��8א.Z�'��%%-�#&�%%��Oscar Niemayer House،�%%&`א�}א�V��

��O�I��A������١٩٥٣�١٩٥٤yK��̀���yא*�) �% �����א��% �א�����%%%�0W0*8%%%©�א\iא��#%%%Qא���p%%%א���7$�1)��%%%0א��،�א�%%%

� I�&���������%0א� )�+��y8%�G��T#N�0 ��bL�T#G���2���K����%("���R�U������% ،�����א*#�@%���א� %�א�����_@%�D�$���$��%���א�

���G� ��א��8@�%�������א� )%�+��،��א_@�%X) ���א��א*%�Cא'�%Mא������� ����Xא�%��rא����D%(�*���0אp%iא����،����'+��%���%�N8�

��T�BEא����0\h_א��T#J�I*א�bL����،���e%$א�#א��)Iא����X9��aK%%%��A��א�%%%!��%%% ��Tא�%%%G��،�yא�Y %%%-א�Cא'�%%%Mא�

�>� p%%א���%%�F�F!א���،��%%"#W *א���%%o.א�e%%\��F���p%%א����'١٦EK� �� �

� �� ��� � �)�+.( R�"I �� �4�0�g Oscar Niemayer House %

3�* �0b]� �V<=,�V</32 ��'�1����

I�0���$ �� �4 . �5��(Massey, 1990).

Page 19: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٤٧ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

��Z���'8%\ א��א�'{�����V������1��%��{א��SW0%א��O%F8 א��Brutalism�F١٩٤٥�١٩٥٩yE�>������S%א���%rא����&+��4�17

���%%U&�Qא��%%"#Qא��0 %%7I��1��%% ��$���%%F�QאE�+א*8%%א�a�%%�+ %%# א�\�N8����%%�)�I%%��א.�%%J��aא*��+�����%%-Z��Tא���%%0I

��،��א�&#�aKr %-א��Eא���������T+�%*������p% א����,�p%@Eא��%�@����%%%%7@6�C�+��@�%%%%-#iא،�j��%%%%I*א����%%%%��<�%%%%���Oא� �"�%%%%

����،#h�0)�����-�Xא�������א� 0yא�Y -_���1)8%א+�����אQא��e%%��T+8%%)א�����N8����)0�%%*8%%א+�א(����%%���(Mא���%%X���%%7

א��א��א���%%����%% �%%�A(%%BK�Aא����T{%%)*א��%%�U���%%�Aא.�OF8 א�SW0א����1א�}�����a��%F�R%�$�Maisons Jaoul�V�

،�D%%%%@#>�'�%%%%()(��=��y�%%%%��O%%%%&`8$'8"�1%%%%���١٩٥٤�

١٩٥٦y��،���������،�%&'8v%��א���א_¦�T#%�>�������t�Gא� �"�א�����%%% �����%%%-�0dא���%%%2�dא����א-%%% \�aK%%%��A%%%��

��7 �XD%%����%%א����א��א_'� ��%%���א�8א]$f����%%2��I�.%%�א��א�%%�א������1��%% א� )%%�+��،�א�%%%%���`!%%��S����h8א�

�%%%7@6�C�+�+א*8%%%א،�C�%%%�*א���h8�%%%���%%%������א� �"�%%%����DGEא���1א*\�8%،��������$�א��א�%��% ��א� )%�+� �#�Tא�

a�� א��א��א���%��� �XW%��א-% ��KX 7�����������א_@��% �$>�א�aא� !א���%�F�F!א����G�D*א��(Massey, 1990)�F����p%א�

���'١٧EK� �R>�����Tא*���%%%%&�Mא�8א�(�%%��א��%%-'�56�T+8%%)א��

%% ���%%»��� &'�́�،='8%%h�A&!%%��§�R>�%%���%%(�>��%%-'���T+8%%)א��T�%%&�Mא��%%�@KX)א��¡+�%%I(����%%&#� �א.-�-%%���א���³א� %%%�'& �%%%»�»��T'�%%%()��nא-%%% )#א'א�¡+�%%%I(������א�8Xא�%%%

�����%%�F8�80� א����%% �N8א��C6��،��p%%א���א*()�'&%%��� %%��8

����a��J.א��)�I[�1� @������©�%I�'_�����c8 v�%$�a��%J.א�12�Iא��(Ozkan, 1985)K� �

� �

� � ��� � ��)�-.( d4�@ R�"Maisons Jaoul 3�'* �#'$�� %

�V</,�V<+32 ���1���� a'0b8"�8Z c .

�5��(Kurtich and Eakin, 1993).

� �`�%%% ��א�%%%�א��G�V�1#"%%%��א� (bI&%%%�������א��%%% א�

T�&�Mא����D�,#8'&��א�v�$��،���[�DIא���nא�( )��،�oא�Qא���%%����@�%%-#iא��W�D%%*א�א��y�%%/0�1,�p%%@Eא��،�A&8%%� א�

���א�y،��א��1��pא���Y -א����%F!א����X�()א��m�$�Ipא��C8%%�*א.$%%�±�،��א�C8%%א����Ap%%iא*�)%%{�א�yא�Y %%-א،�

�����%-8X*8:�אXD%א���Cא'�Mא�K����A%������T{%)*א��%�U���%���Aא.�T�%%&�Mא��%%&bI) א`�א�#%%[���y�p%%@�'��D%%�0"Ronchamp�V�

�،�D%%%%%@#>'�%%%%%()(��=y�%%%%%��O%%%%%&!�$'8"�1%%%%%���١٩٥٥y� �(Ball, 1980)�F���'���p١٨א�EK� �

�RBu>�����Tא�%&�Mא��%��vא��"#G�Neo-Vernacular�F١٩٥٥y�E����%%0¦���%%&�F�A%%��C�%%�*�$���D%%GEא�T#%%�>

�������oא�Q�=�&#��א� �� ���T$>�אQ#$>،����א��)s�y�( �_א�$���h8�%%i�yא�Y %%-א��%%��vא*8%%א+�א��K���%%X�l%%��R%%�_�§

Page 20: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٤٨

���V�n�)%%%-א��n_8%%%I���%%%"#Q.�¨6א�א��$%%%u%%%��Tu%%%>�V�������ID$���0�)IDא���א%7$uא��������E,�%��א�0Iא���%���X א��A%��¨��%&!���K

�A%%���T{%%)*א��%%�U��אo%%��א*#"%%!�א*%%�@����1א.Qא��%%IXG�A%%��� �Marin Civic Center��،�%%�@'8 ���"�V'�%%()(��=�m%%@א#>�

y�%%��R%%&א'��%%&8��١٩٥٧y�K��%%�����A%%��T'�%%I��H�#p%%*א�%%��8�G��%%�G�#��$�1א����א�%%��%% �%%�،�k�t%%�G %%�`�א�����

�%%%)�I\א��e%%%��y��D%%%@_א��(Kurtich and Eakin, 1993)�F���'���p١٩א�EK� �

� �

� � ��� � ��)�C.( 3��$4� �#�?ZRonchamp 3�'* �#'$�� %

�V<<3 2���1���� a'0h�"�8Z c . �5�'�

(Ball, 1980).

� �

� � ��� � ��)�V.( i5� hZ��Marin Civic Center ��$�8����Z %

3�* �V<-3 2���1���� R'0� 508� Y$�� .

�5��(Massey, 1990).

��;��0�!<�' =>��0�� =>��0��

����� ��?�

RWB�Zא�����������א����% �%}'א���\8%'�א��C�%$�?,� 0�p%��A#���������א*()�'&��Uא��C#Xא��A��1@�Uא����א�������0�א�

������Z#א���%%&'����%%�،�%%&`�1%%��T+-6���#%%@ %%���א�%%�e�Dא� ����������B'.א������,�X�1א���( F_א����dא�}-Z� �-#�

��b%%rאQ��%%��א_F )����3%%����%%א%%�Q�����Tא.'-%% X#א]��،�����C#%Xא� �-%����e،���א��eB8א_� ��+=��Z-�����א�()%�����

#p������،����%-Kא����%,�X)+�א��א� )���������%�������)��%0א�(�%،b� ��%%��א���%%�0Iא_� %%��+&���א_F )���%%����]%%#��א�%%

���Tא`+�%%%�%%%&�Mא����%%%��X ���7�)%%%-���\%%%-8א���%%%XI\א��'�����������%d`�0*��%א�#א�����%XI\����%א����א��א��� ��א������،�

��eא�#<±�א�8אB^���0 ���א��0��1،�����������K�.א���Xא��8%%%%�1،��א��T#%%%%/0א��8@�%%%%�،���X��1א�-��D%%%%א���%%%%�Eא�

�����bI%) א���#%[����F8�80� א��������������%0،��&����%&#G��א����%%�Z��%%�)�I\���$���8-�3%%א���%%J�1%%$#r�8L،��א_-%%

،1%%%�&#��%%%�eא�\�I(%%%���א_$ (%%%�+��%%%������Aא.��GK %%%א��Z�I� ��א� Y\��3א* 0�N#��א� )�+��N8א��e���GK א�K� �

א������%%% �%%%}'א���\8%%%'�א��R%%%@�"�%%%&'�()*א��א� %%%7F8���א�(�C#%%%X���1%%%����%%%�@KXא�(%%%A&#pא��א���%%%��

��،�p%%@Eא�� &'�%% ������&#�%%Iא����� D%%� א_� )��%%���א���%%@����%%&#� �א�%%�א�����1א�%%�T#\�Dא���%% �،D����C%%��א�

t%%%�GC�%%%"�'�+��%%%�����%%%�K���+�%%%)$Z���6�V+'א~��<%%%7��،�� א� )�+�א*8א���א� �#&��א�D�����%�E�%�G�+����������Tא�

Page 21: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٤٩ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

������،��@�D%%@���n�%%) @�#%%U"Z��%%&�F�e%%( �����%%>Z����!א&%%�א�q8�%-Z�yאE@ %���א��)1%،���������Y -_��F�Qא����אbr %א�

�%���א�(8א���אQ%��'&��א� �#&%���א*�+&%�،���X9%��א*�����������X���_�����( F_א����D �א�א�0W %-��������I%-�0����@�D%@6��%2�$��،

�E��&#�%%Iא��T'8%%Uא��$���%% ��Zא�#¢&%%��� +'א~�א�%%I��e�%%-8������%% �y8%%7א���%%�aK%%��Aא� )%%�+���&#�%%Iא���،A�א�%%!

�،��%%%% �א" %%%%p�:�א*0/8%%%%'��%%%%�+א��n$�� %%%%��6�1+'א~�א����������X$�D%א����%"#Qא�A%��y�% א��H�\X@_א�،��������%>�`��%¦

��T��Qא�A��A ��א���� �������������V��%�0،א�D%� א_-% 0�+���%��א����K�.א�¡+�I*א���&��K� �

���%%������yא�Y %%-א�A%%��? %%0&��%%&�F�e%%+��א��%%�6������C�%�*א��C�%�������،א�(0�h#�א*\��V��Xא�!���% x��%7[�I�'א��

����������-��D%א����� D%� ����א��N88א@��א���������J�T+�) ��א_F )���%%���א.-����$8�%%א�#�!&%%�،��א_� )%%�+���%%�����

�� �1א*%#��������3Iא�(��N8א���� �א��א�W -+=��א��א_� ����@�D@Eא���F�� G_�$،�����������%-�-Zא��b%r��8%¯�1)D%א���

�����%%�����0&����א� (%%�A%%��bIא�\��%%��א�%%��X ��%%7א�F8א��{%%���،T#%%h�)*א�T�%%�W����%%�א*����%%�8א�%%�D�-��،��א_� )�

�������D-�*8א`=��אF{א��A ��א�X�,)%�،��א."�+��kא*��+����'��%%%%G�e%%%%��%%%%����lא*�"��T%%%%0א� (%%%%�]���yאu%%%%Gא��

����� ��א��%()�������%-K���T'א� \�%���������e،���א�%���X��±>'56���T­#%%%��T'�%%%()א���%%%h8$�='8%%%Uא��br %%%א����IX D%%%*א�

�����،�%&�M�1א��( F_א�eB8���������T�%&�Mא���%I�\ *א��%�I������H8F#א��C�+�T��W��56א�����X )*א��Z�����X '�،���א��א`+��

��،=bI%%%) א��A%%% �%%%�����א��N8א� \8%%%'א��א��%%%�@KX)א��،

�b%r��Aא����������7 X>א'���א_-% �7���y،���א��T'8Uא��0������������%%�Aא� %%��Aא� %%�����%%-Kא���A��%%Uא��C#%%X���#p%%���

�#p%%��e%%-� 8%%7'�א�0!�%%���،���א�N�%%�(���Eא��%%"#Qא�V���،�U&�Q�������1%2א�Iא��1�8%א���א� \8%'���،���א_F )%����1!א&

��אM)���%%����)8%%א+�א*%%�0(������%%X��1'�א��א�F8%%�80� א��،��א��&���%�0א�%�D�-��������א_� ��+&��א_( F����brא���א* �

�+א��א�(#<�%%%�������%%%vא�A%%%��nK�%%%>��%%%�(�)א����� D%%%� �א��K)���א�8Xא��/�א.@ �� �

����� @��AB

א������%%% �א:��\8%%%'�א�%%%�Z�C�%%%$�?,�%%% 0א��R%%%0�$���e-� א��C#Xא����������&`�1��T+א��'p��������%F#�א*()�'&��א�

����،�o�( א���'#W א����� �N8?�א�����א���א*%0�±%>'���%�,��GE���Z��,�X @_����������8%א¯�O%F8 ،��א��%7��"�4��Z��&'�()*א�`#\���

��³�%X א*����00א���e�0� א�����א�f��%U&�Qא*8%א+�א��%�N8���}�����،��%%F!א����%%&�Q�"��%%���)א*#�@%%��א���T'�%%Xא����%%&�9

���،�&����א� ��AאQ#:��א�()�'T،������אQ#<��א���G8��T+��6���l%%%I@��Tא_$ (%%%�+,�D%%%א���%%%���(Mא���%%%Xא��A%%%���`#%%%\א��

����a��J.א���� �����,��GEא��$��D@_����#%7،���א/*��%F�Qא�f�='�()�=����^%�K����%���( Fא����،�%�@KX�������T+8%)56א��

�����������<,��% ��א.-�-%�����()%�'T،���8א<%���%��,��א��Xא���،1F'�%%%%iא����1א� %%%%�����א�%%%%�N8���%%%%�0א�X א���%%%%>�XUא�

��������&bI) $��T'�()א����-�0dא�<$�T8� ��א�-��،��,�p@EאT+8�%%X��،����%%)�I\�8%%א�¯�O%%F8 א��aKr %%-א���8א'+�%%��

Page 22: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٥٠

��א*()�'&%��א��א���%�����������#א�+6���،��e%F�d���A(Bא� ��z8 ����א*Y\�3א*�N8א��§�¦�����(Mא���Xא�K� �

א����������%% �א:��\8%%'�א�%%�Z�C�%%$�?,�%% 0א��R%%0�$"�@%%%4�R����C#%%%X������%%%א�(%%%�A&#pא*()�'&%%%��א��א���%%%���

q�\X %%%-א�¡+�%%%I*א�K�.א�����%%%-K����T+�%%%vא��%%%��،�������>#Qא��#�+�Sא����F8�80� א��T'8U+�،��א��א_$ (%����A%��

���@KX)א�0/#&��א����،���&�X�¡+�I��T�&�F����� �y87א�*���א.�%J��aא�%����������Sא� )�+�א��א��1،��%-'�V����%B�&#א��

_��������������'�%�>Z��&�%X���،=#p%Iא��a�%�i%}�א���8'��%��A�k§'�%%7N6��#%%[����%% ��A%%��Tא�%%&�F�،���%%F�Qא��%%�I���

����( F_א���q#Qא��89&��א�\#�G���א�0/#&%�������،�*��$(56�����،�8%(���eא����������%�+�I *א�O% �K���1%"#Qא��%�U( א�

�������������p%��%�0$א��V���%-�"א���� �y87א� !א���Aא� %��e��،�������������7%��U���Z����%��X��A%��n_�%$�a��%J.��#%³،���#9&��א�r�

b%%r���1א��א�%%uא��������N8%%א��?��%%��א�}@%%�� @�a��%%J.א���א�����X +א���א��א�(���l���،_א��$�� -�����%0Iא���"�p*�

y�)א���w�iאK� ����������������%-Z��?��%0����&#� ��א*8א���א�&�¦

t&�%%Qא��،�א� ��%%�0Xא�%%��V�����p\8%%&#�@/#&%%���א� %%�)��א���$%%%%%>�א8Mא@%%%%%��א�0 (�%%%%%������א�%%%%% �%%%%%���( F_א��

�%%%7N6�'�<(�56���%%%א��H�!%%%0،���א�%%%�0�����א_� %%%��+&������I) א���+# ���א� �$�e ( &�H�I���K������،א�l%א��A%��b

���������A%��bI%) א+:،��א�u���L�0 $�:#Qא��C80 �'&{�א�����T8%%$%%>�א� %%��Aא�%%�0���،����א*�"��%%0���%%�� ��א�%%-��،

�4���%%%��'�3%%%$א�()%%%�'��Tא� )%%%�e$��%%%�0�����א��'א-%%%��

����א��K-%��������א_���א� �#&�����I)8א+��א�\%#�،����7� %-a�() -א���������%>u*א*8%א+�א���&#rא��'�U&6���D�*א�z8\Dא����

���A%%��bI%%) ,�%%��א.'®אא��@ )���������0�א�%%�T'8%%Uא��A%%������#D%%א��aK%%��1%%(א�����+�א�0 %%��א*#�@%%��א_� %%���،

�aKX %%-א�A%%��1,�p%%@Eא��%%��dא�aKr %%-א���%%�@���Eא�����������،�%7@6�C�+��@�%-#iא�T+�%*������p א����,�p@Eא���e%(Mא

������א_'�I%�©��$>�א*8א+�א�\�I(�%���א*%�0(�،�������%���X��'�l%¹���%%��vא�%%�(���Eא��،���T'�%%()א����%%)�I\א��<%%$��%%�� ،�א�

��،1F8%%�80� #%%$6���%%א`�א� \8%%'�א�����Z�A%%(�&�Cא� �"�%%������������T'�%()א���%����������p%א����%�K)א��V�T'�%()�#�8א�F��!M�%%$�!%%Mא��%%�K���%%�����Vא*(%%�@��1א�#�8%%`��א� �"�%%

�������$�!M+�א�א� )�������W�(� א���א� �'& ��א�'�%JEא��U�Kא����%%�>�XUא���%%�����%%�א� ���H8%%0א�%%����p،��א_� )�

�،<��אo%%������א� (%%�+��א�%% 7Qא�<%%$�e%%(¦�T'�%%(��+�%%�6�،���%%%h.א��א�+��%%%����'א-%%%��א� %%%�'& ��א�%%%uא�� �"�%%%

����X א��K� �� �

C������ ������ �D� � �)1 ��3

א��א*()�'&%%%%��א��א���%%%%�����%%%% �R%%%%0�$@ %%%%�,?�א�������������%rא����%)�I[�C�%$�#p%��A��%Uא��C#%Xא��A��1@�Uא����0����������%���G�+���$��)p��i��aא* ���D@���'���p���������

����n�%%� %%#+�8p%%���T���n+'א ���%%�0&+�����%%-K"��%%)�I[�V��،��#p%%��e%%-� א��C#%%Xא�yא�Y %%-א���%%0I"�1,�p%%@Eא�y�%%/0א��

�������-K"��&'�"l���&bI)���،���G��،yא�Y -א���#�Qא���%%%&�Qא��yא�Y %%%-א�%%%�\�\Y א��T�%%%G8א���Modular�V�

Page 23: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٥١ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

��,�p%%%@Eא���א�%%%������T+8%%%Fא����%%%��80א� )%%%�+�،א�0%%%/�����%� �N8א���[�DIא���،��,�p@Eא��(,K*א�،���%�G� ،��א_@

�������e%%��O%%�������1,�p%%@E����7%%א����W%%Bא�8א��%%&bI) א���C�+��%%%%� �N8א��a8%%%%�Qא©א#%%%%>Eא���%%%%)F���%%%%>#�!��$�

���،�%%%)$� ����%%%@#����%%%�,#�א����%%% ��א8d&%%%����א�&�%%%X��،��p����� �N8א����KX�K@���א� 0/� �

�%%%%%Xא��V��%%%%%r���%%%%%)�I[��'8%%%%%\��A&#p%%%%%)א��C#����y�%%/0+���%%��א��_� )%%�א���%%��$�א��א*()�'&%%��א���%% א�����y�%%���،�א�#&��V�1%%Bא� �C8%%0א����%%��(M�h%%��א�#-%%

�#N�%%0 א�y�%%/ @_א�������1،��א��א�%%��%% א� %%�א���$%%>�א��،1F'�%%%%%%iא���،�[�D%%%%%%Iא�����א�%%%%%%p)������8א�%%%%%%�

����،�%&#�{��א� 0)��3�%א� �%#א'،�����א� ���³�%Xא*�����8B8א� �����،T'8%%%\ *א��%%%0Iא����%%%�0X���T�%%%&�Mא*8%%%א+�א��%%%�N8��©�%%%%%%I�'_%%%%%%��א���"�¹�%%%%%%0)�#&^��א*�א*0\%%%%%%��א�%%%%%%��

�،�%%%�F8�80� �������<%%%$�=8�%%%)א�3%%%$א�uא��T#%%%�>��%%%����،e�8*א������א�א��א��� �%���������א��N8א����%F�Qא���I��

��א*��@�%�،��������%Xא���%�����א*�X%�����אu%Gא����yא�����2�Iא� �"�1@�D%%%@Eא�،���T#%%%�>�!%%%&!)�+א�%%% ��א�%%%�א����1א��%%% �א�

O%%% &f8א�@��O &'א#( %%%-��،�y�%%%���b�%%%r א'א�#X %%%-_א�،�،C#%%*�3%%א\Y*א��yא�Y %%-א�A%%��א.�8%%א�Cא*%%�TbUא�0�¦%%��

����������%h�iא�#��p%*א��} $�D%@E�C،��א� (G�A��bI�_��א�0��D�,#8'&��א�vא�K� �

���%%��A%%�k��%%�)"�T'�%%()�³א��%%»�O%%"6+'א���p%%$���1@KX�+�( �%0،�������א.-%{�א*0\����א�&�I *א�y8%�Qא��،�%�X

���،�%%� W0א���%%d�(�Z�V��%%U&�Qא*8%%א+�א��%%�N8����%%r��I*א

����%%�����0&���<�%%#�Tא��D%%� ���%%���iא���%%I&#rא��a��%%J.�$��،A� O،�������א�!�N8$��0I*א���J�3$'�+�( ���3%א�\Y*א�

אQ#��א�8א��7Fא��T#Qא�80א<�lא�p#&\��،��א� %�א���$%>�����������א.o����א� %�)���א�%�א���������1�(������،��א.`&%��(�%��

�א�\0����%)�I�h%#���א�(%�8&��������אu%Gא����yא� H80،�א� )�+�����،�&8�%%���%%&bI)��!%%&!)��aK%%����1,��%% א� %%����0א�

�y�%%)א��A%%���%%����h8א*�%%�C،���א%%i�w،56א�%%�א���1�������،��0W0*8©�א\iא��#Qא���p+���)��0א��א� )����2���

�����%%�,�0Uא��T#%%�>��،�%%0&�I ��y8%%�G��T#N�%%0 ��b%%L�T#%%Gy+�i�"�،y��Y*א����'�iא����א��Kא� �

� �E ��3�������� �������� ��

��%%%%��C�%%%%$�?,�%%%% 0א��RW%%%%B�Zא����%%%% ���א����Aא*()�'&%%��א��א���%%��%%Uא��C#%%Xא��A%%��1@�%%Uא����א�%%0�V

������a�%%�i�$��)p%%*א���D%%@����،��א�#��Y�%%א��R%%@�"�#p%%���������8p% א���،T+# �+��א�\�I(��א��K-�����א��&���0א* �א*

�،��א��א��א���%%%���Vא�����C#%%%Xא�%%%�R(Dא�%%%�'א��%%% א���،�%%&'8"lא���(D%%א*�%%��¯�8%%א���z8%%B8��$�#p%%��e%%-� א�

�%�،��א� %�boא�������&�א� !�א_¦�§��Y ��@����Dא��#��$��،���%%%%������א�D%%%%I�]���א���z8%%%%B8א�#���@ ���%%%%���،��א��'א

��،�L�%%0 א���،�%%�����0&���Kא_-%% )#א'&�،�א_@%%�D�$���א�R(D%%%%א���C#%%%%Xא��V��%%%%א����א��א���%%%% א�(%%%%��A&#pא�

���>� p%%%%%%%��$���&#��p%%%%%%%א���z8%%%%%%%B8א��%%%%%%%�G� ��א_@��������0&� ���א�0 (����א*#�@������א�iא���[�DI#%$6א`��،���א�

��،�%%%��� @�����א�r)8%%%®����א��T#%%%/0א�#�%%%�X) א��#��%%%/�

Page 24: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٥٢

���%&`� @� ���$�-% )#א'&���אD%GE�����،���א� /�����א���% �א��،��א*#�@%%%%������א�%%%%�א���1L�%%%%0 א���،C�%%%%�*�²)�%%%%��א

��Kא� �'��gא_- (�'א��'�א- U)��א� �א��،� �� �

��3F��� �� GH�)�� 'B ��.;����

��������%7F8 ,?��\8'�א��א�0 �R0�$�¡+�%I*א����T��א*( )%�������#p%��A��%Uא��C#%X���1@�Uא����0����،�������I%��R%@�"�t%�G

$8�-Zn������e���'�iא�A��a�() -א����،RW0א����-#���e-א������،����%%-Kא���z�#�%%����1%%B�(���#%%/0א����H��%%�6

��\�T'�#�%%����%%�0�K���'8%%אp%%@E�,���&"�<%%��א�(0�h%%#�א� !���������#p%��e%-� א��C#Xא��V���(�(� א����7F8 א��yא�Y %-�$�

�،z8%%%% א� ��e%%%%-8א� %%%%�$�eא� %%%%��,1،��א� Y\�3�%%%%א*�א+%% ���%%��א%%X&E��H$%%>�א� #אL%%�������¯�8%%א3�%%v،�א_�'א����Cא�� %%�،%%Mא��%%M�)���א%%��$��TbI%%"א��Y %%-א�y

'&!�א�()�X%����א�!��':�א�!�#&���א�80א<%�lא� #@%����Dא.<%����������������������%B'.א�V�+��D%א���Z��p%iא��Z�y��#א�����F!א��

yא�Y %%-א�������א��%% �א.�8%%א�Cא�%%&`��،�%%&8X��T+-%%(��א�����}�́%%%%X*א��p%%%%@Eא���+��)��%%%%�،��א� )%%%%�%%%%7���� �א'�

�D%%�D *א��،�yא�Y %%-��%%�0אW0*8%%©�א\iא�(%%#®�،���א�،�%%�,�0Iא��T+�%%(���^&#�%%א����א���&��א�%%$�3$#%%>�א�%%�%%�

�+�%%�6��،�'�%%iא����Cא'�%%Mא�#%%h�0��<%%$��%%�X>8���%%א��G��،+��D%%%א�����%%%o.א��yא�Y %%%-א�(%%%�8&��א���%%%�0W0*א�

���������1Xp%���'א�Cא�%M�����8'��אX�%*א��&�&�Qא�T��א.�)א.�%%J��b%%L�aא* %%0�����T#Nא8%%QאF!�א�!F��F%%��א*�8@%%�،

��������،�%�X0א���D%0א����%���I0א��n�h8�����������X\0%��א� %�)�

��،�X$�D%%��%%0א�\%%#`�א�(���A%%��'#%%W א���א�'�(U %%-�+א*8%%א���%%%U&�Qא+�%%%( א� 87&%%%���א������%%%-Z�!%%%&!)���،�%%%&#��א�

T�%%BEא��،����a�%%(�.א� %%!&>��א���p%%@E+�$%%>�א�א_%%9�،�%%%�F�F!א��+�%%%( �_,�%%%�،�א�0Iא*8%%%א+�א���%%%)�I[��%%%����

�yא�Y %%-א�V�T#N�%%0 *א�b%%L��%%F8( *��%%�0אW0*8%%©�א\iא�8@%%��אi\8%%©�א���I�8%%���א�!�%%�':�א�0I�,�%%��א*���א� %%!&>،�

�����TbIא���y8�Qא��،��F!א��������� ��א�(�+&%�،���א_'��א�D%%%%%%%I�]���א�%%%%%%%(�6�C�+�z8%%%%%%%B8��aא�!�#<%%%%%%%�،���yא�Y %%%%%-_א����،l%%%%%>א�80א��D%%%%%0���%%%%%o�( *א* �%%%%%#'�א�

Y\\%%���א��Ff8(0%%%��א* )��o%%%�،��א�!�%%%�':�א*������%%%2א*�،��%%h� ��$������e%%�8*א�e%%�א��א��א���%%����%% �%%#א�3$א�

،�D%%%@�� ��T'8�%%%$א�����%%%W ��א�L�%%%0��e%%%��א���%%%�������DF���I-�0�C�D@E+�،��א�א� )%��������A%��א�!�#<%��א�0�$(%��

����א*���@���%%�،�������%%iא��%%�(�Z��،�%%0Iא���T+�%%*א��%%)�I[��������H80 8&�،��א����T�G��Vא������א��א��� ���א����

����%%%��$���T+�%%%&`��،�%%%�0�&! א�����D%%%(�*א��8@�%%%���א���X��%%%$א��� �����p�Kא� ����'8\��¡+�I*א��� א��א��א���%����א*( )��V�Tא�����A&#p%)א��C#X��56����������%0 *א�b%L���% ��א*) %�����T#%�>�1א�

�%%%�eא�%%%0�"���،#N�f���%%%>א$�_¦��%%%����%%%h����%%%�K����I%%�+¡�א� )%%�+��}�&�%%X*א����%%B�&#א���D%%08%%א@>��א�Xא��

��@�D%%@Eא��،�\�D%%Iא����%%-�0dא�a��%%J���T+�%%vא���Z�%%I�>�א�%%%�א���1,��א� %%%�א����%%%��$%%%>�א� %%%����א_-%%% )#א'&�

�%%%%i،��א�א�7)%%%%+# ���%%%%o����1F'���%%%%0&�I *א�y8%%%%�Qא����I%%%%-�0 א��T�%%%%"�4��،�\�D%%%%Iא����%%%%-�0dא���%%%%2�dא�

Page 25: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٥٣ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

�،'��J����&+8()א���������e%[8אX8$א-\��א����DX א����@���6��،�"#W *א��������،�%&!�Qא���%�K)'�א��%7N6�+�%( א��������8א�%

���&�&#�����،���<��r�����0א� ��% �y8%7א���a8�+�����،A�א�%!%%»��³���%%"#G�C�D%%@Eא�%%�א+���n�%%&8�G�nא!%%F���%% ���Vא�

O%%"א����%%#®�����6+'א��%% ،��א� %%�א���$%%>�א�� %%���א�������%%0Iא���%% "�e%%��%%�L��q،�א�%%�z8\Dא��8@�%%��א* �א��%%��

��،w�%%%%iא��y�%%%%)א��<%%%%$�^%%%%Bא�8א���%%%% א� ��O%%%%F8א�K���%%-א'+��=bI%%) א��=�%%&#���א���C8%%א� ��%% �%%���א�

��)s��T�G��A(B������nK�>��'�iא����א��0o�,���א��r�6���>#�א*�X%�����א� )%�+�&�bL�Aא* 0��bL��#Nא*%�A������#X Dא� ��8

��א���bL������1@8%אD@E�@��1א� ��K��pא�0U�f��%�,א�����L�%0 א����Aא.��#²א.`'���א.��#��א.�J��aא.����K� �

������&C8א����0���������bo�% א��� B6�V���-Z�#�0)"�����������%\\Y*א��،��% א�(�] �K)���1���א�I�#&��+א���א�

�(�M%%��א��T#N�%%0 *א�b%%L�A%%��bI%%) א�������p%%א����8&%%0� ����،=!%%�'���p%%$��%%0I*א�c8%% 4��yא�Y %%-א�R%%&#�@8א���

��،1,�p%%@Eא�y�%%/0���^�D%%*א���،�א� ��A&8%%א�%%�1��pא�%%���yא�Y %%-א�����,�p%%@Eא��א�!F%%���א*�%%7N6��،C8%%�'�א.F%%!א

�،�%%� �N8+��א��א_$ (%%�A%%��yא�Y %%-א��%%�g'� א��#%%h�0)א��א���א� %%%���$%%%>�א��q8�%%%-Zא� )%%%�+���%%%�0،�&�א� !��%%%

�������%%%�X*א�A(%%%B���D%%%Q+&%%%���א�א*��,��%%%iא��%%%�XW ��،1%%(�Q+�א�א� )%%��A%%��1F'�%%iא���p%%א��e%%��א� %%0��±�

��aK�+�( �������0א�&�I *א���(�Qא���M�)*��1א �N8א��a!)א���،�א���C8%%%"%%%�+אZ�<%%%$�T!%%%�¥�T+�א��א� )%%%�+���%%%��<%%%��

�������،A��א�%!��>�T�G����XW א�������א��א��� ��א��(���

��Aא�����+#���aא� )�o%�،�����א_@ /%���yא� )%�+��!�#<%�،���א� %$���aא�� %%�����%%$�y8%%�Qא�e%%���%%���N8%%��א*(%%�+��C،��א� (�

y�%%%�#א����%%%)�Kא���،��%%%�����א.<�X%%%�،�א_¦���%%%�א� �"�%%%�א��y،��א.�8א�Cא�!א��%����Y %-_���1%)8%א+،������אQ+���א�א� )%�

���،���0W0*א����I�.א�����א_¦������2�dא����8'&���א- \vא�א����%%% �����%%%-�0dא���%%%�،�א��אi%%%��,��אu%%%Gא�yא�

�^%%%B#&^��א�8א�א�%%%�bI%%%) ,�%%%���א��0I#�8&%%%����)8%%%א+�א�Mא�،�p0(���� (�*א�Cא'�M+�א�א� )K� �

� � I�JJ��� 'B ������JJ��� ��JJ.;���� �JJ�3

�.�>���' ���&�K��

����Vא�%%0��������Y D%%*א�\%%#`�א�?,�%% @�RW%%B�Z����#p��A��Uא��C#Xא��A��1@�Uא�����������A%���%"�`#%\$�R%�U���7@�$

�D%%%%8%%%%&{�א��،#p%%%%���+�����،�%%%%&'8�� "�א���T'8%%%%Uא��}א]8'&%%��E$#�،�א�8$@%%�C8��$�%%0����-��D%%א��T8\D%%א���

\%%%%#א`�א�%%%%�8'=��א*#�G%%%%��א.�%%%%���Tb#�"8"������8%%%%א�1D@# ،����Zא�\#א`�א��8'=�א*)bo� ���Uא��א�\�I(%��������،א�

��8�Iא&%%R،��]%%#א`�­+F�،yא�\%%#א`�א�1F'8%%Mא* %%��#����+&%%%%%��]%%%%%#א`�א�b%%%%%JE�،�KIא�C8،��א�\%%%%%#`�א� !&��%%%%%�0

Eא�(%%#¬�������!&%%�،�¨א��%%�����%%h8א`�א�#%%[Regency�،��%%%%&bI) א������%%%%-K+=�،��]%%%%#א`�א���א�\%%%%#א`�א_%%%%9

�'א�1،�%%%% ]%%%%#א`��،�א�X&#LE%%%%��א�GE�,�%%%%�]%%%%#א`��א�T�&�Mא�����-Kא���،#�I*א�a��@8�8א`�א��#[�K� �

א����%%%%% ����Vא��Y D%%%%%*א�\%%%%%#`�א��+�%%%%%)����%%�U( *א��#p%%��e%%-� א��C#%%X����%%א����א`��G6�,�%%��$\%%#�א�

Page 26: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٥٤

�،C­��%%��*א���%%�,��GE'&�]%%#א`�א�א_-%% ()�،��%%�,��GEא���X&#LEא]8%'=�א�\%#א`����،��א{�E�����1א,�%�GEא�\%#א`�א��،1,�X @_א�K�������V��%&'�()*א���7F8 א�\#`��א����Z��'8\��

��%%�[8rא�������%%-Kא���`#%%\$��%%�U( ��A&#p%%)א��C#%%Xא��،������-Kא����&bI) א�8א�(�%�،�����،���א���%-'���KX)א����%�@

�،T�&�Mא��،��g'� א���،T�&�Mא����vא���,�X @_אK� �� �

C������ ������ L>��� ��3

א��א*()�'&%��א��א���%���������� �\8'�����,��א����#p%%%��A��%%%Uא��C#%%%Xא��A%%%��1@�%%%Uא����%%%0��yא�Y %%%-�$�

�T#)X*א�a��J.א���،������،�א�%���z8\Dא���C8א.�%�#�א�%0���،�&8 D%%%%*א%%%%iא���،��,�p%%%%@Eא�#%%%%h�0)א��<&!%%%% ��H8�

�yא�Y %%-א+��א�%%��$�l%%>8א@���،TbI%%"���%%�@8א�����F'�א�%%y+­��#%%$�'�`���%%9\%%#א� א.�8%%א�Cא� ��(%%��א�8X&%%�،�،��א�

����،��IMא�A>א���Y %-א�����א�!�#<%��א�y������V���D%IMא�#-%:8XDא�،��yא�Y %-8%`����������אM8%©��א�Iא�#�"8"�8%א����%oZ�

����Cא�%%!א��p%%i�T�%%&�Mא�����%%-Kא�����%%oZ��،1D%%@# א�،1@�D%%%%�[.א*���א�y�%%%%�#א���%%%%B�0(���:8��%%%%*א�H8%%%%0

%%�oZ�!%%��H%%���א��C!%%iא�������8%%�Mאi!א@%%��،��'_�$���א��#א-�1א�8א-(���אi\8©�א* 8X-%��א.'F%���������א�8א]»

C8א�Z�T�)$�T`#\*א���W\D*א���D@.א�K� ����C­��%%%��*א���%%%oZ�!%%%���Anne��،`8%%%Mא��p%%%¶�

�#%%�I*�1אF'8%%Mא�\%%#א`�א�،Cא�%%!א��p%%¶�#o�%%����`א�\%%#א�،��#�"8"��8אi\8%%%©�א*%%%�X D)�$%%%�א�1F'8%%%Mא* %%%��#

��א*�X%%%%���א�%%%%���brא.�8%%%%א��C،�א� �"�%%%%��א�()8%%%%+=�

� � iא،���������R%W0א��a�%$���%o.א����א*�)%{�א.+����\(%���jI�%% א������l%% א��e%%�،���%%���p%%���%%����#oא�8%%'+�

������%� �iא����������#-�1%א����1Ff8%(0)��%�������א.'��Fא.�،<��D%%%��8%%%א�X��O%%%�)���%%%¥�n�%%%(,���#%%%7/&�C8%%%א�|�C­�

��Rא-%%%%�Y ���%%%%�I�lא*\()%%%%���א�!�#<%%%%��א����א@%%%%!iא�%%%%��pא�%%%%!א��Cא�%%%%�����#$80א�\%%%%��_�،�א�#א,(%%%%�،�

Ip��m�$א�\8&�%�����א��א�8�I©��א8M`��א.�p��qא����0،����������،T�&�Mא�����-Kא���m�$�Ipא���،�X��א��#א-����1%א�

Eא��،T8D%%�*א��T8p%%vא�HK%%B.א��אf��%%���\&���'�%%Y א����l*8¬��אX0*א���،����TbI%"�����[����%>#�!���T#&� D%��،

���o.א�e\����F#)��V��r��I*אK� ������a�%%%%�@8�8א���Tu%%%% $��%%%%�U( ����%%%%o.א��+�%%%%)��

F�T#%%�I*א��%%�F'8MאE����T#��%% *א��%%�F'8Mא��%%IXQא���%%oZ��،F�%%%%&+_�Iא�E��%%%%א��'� ،�%%%%oZE�����8�Iא&%%%%FR،��אIXQ%%%%��א�

���e%%-� א��C#%%Xא��V��%%א����א��א���%% ��\�%%JZ��'8%%��aא��8%%¯�#p%%���$��D%%@_א�،��א��T+#%%א��^%%�K*א���\�D%%Iא���%% �

��©8%%\¶��O%%)&`8���#%%[����%% ���1����0&��א� ��D%%�Dא�%%���،�%%�@KX)א��A%%��T{%%)���(�X D%%�R��Y %%-א��a��%%J.א�

��I�)� א�����Z���J.אa��������Tb0%א��Cא.�8%א��،��0�-���א�%��'dא�����%%o���%%�$���%%�I�f���F'�%%$���%%&8Xא�Z��،�%%(LZ�RWI%%h

����V��Iא��C8+�א���א�،����א��-��% ���y�Y %-א������I%א��#%�Qא8،�א_� )%%%�y`א+��+'F%%%��،��$%%%�±�א�#���1%%%א.�%%%��$�

���������7א��Qא��&�&�Qא.�8א��א��T���Rא.�)�Y -K� ����א�(�K%%%%%���א� %%%%%��,���א� ����D%%%%%�Dא�%%%%%( �

�����:#G���J�����1X>.�3א\Y*1،��א �N8א�E��X��T�

Page 27: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٥٥ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

�L�،��%%("א.-8%%+،��א�+��D%%א��y�Y %%-א���f�1%%-א��#א Y*א�y8%%%-#א����%%%$�vא��%%%F'.א�،�%%% �����¢'�R%%%�U�

�'8D%%%0א���e%%%�Iא�a��%%%J.א����@�D%%%@Eא�TZ#%%%*א�a�%%%U( "��%%���Aא�.'F%%��א��#-1%%،����%%"�y�Y %%-��Cא�%%!א��p%%�����%%%oZ�V�#%%%².א]8'&%%%�א{�Eא�،��D%%%@# �%%%����pא�

��+�א*!�%%%#:�r��V\�%%%����،�א� 8א"%%%��Oא.��8%%%0$D%%%א�����،Cא'�%Mא��'���،���B'.א���������،e%-א����p%$���%&א*#א

���%%)�Kא���%%��XUא���p%%(�.א�،�%%��(Y*א�������%%o.א�e%%\��&#��fKא��א.L\���א*# �

����������V��%א����א��א���% ��\�%JZ��%)�I[��'8��aא�A&#p%%)א��C#%%X�56א����\�D%%$���%%-�0�������0%%h�a��%%JZ�

��%%�g'� א��א��%%�Eא���%%�U( א����%%>#�!���Tl%%$�@�T+#%%��،�������������V�T+�%) ��#%/@�©�%X@�A��1pא����U����&�Mא��-�0�

�����Q8%+�אF8א~�א�'+.��Gא��C­���،=!%������%��nK%"����Aא� )%���$���א.�J��bL�aא�(KX@�%���א*�+&%�������� %-K���،��D% ��א�0

�����������b%L���%-�0dא���א��א� �8&%0f�� א.�J��aא����X0א�0/��T#X D%%%%%*א��Z�T#N�%%%%%0 *8%%%%%©��،��א\iא��אf�a��%%%%%J.א

،T#D%%� *א����%%I א��A%%��א.�%%J���a<(���%%���א���,%%0����،���%%��X����%%)�I\א��yא�Y %%-_א��=�%%��X א��b%%L��+8%%א(�

�،�%%�)�I\א��©�%%I�'1%%2א�Iא��c8 v�%%$�a��%%J.א����y�%%�GZ��،��g'������A��+�) $_אyא�Y -_א����،V#%�!א������%�N8�

��T،��א*%%D�G���א�!F��F%%��א�8א-%%(�%%G8א���%%����א� �"�%%��،H80 א������C8��������%9א.$%�±���)��0א��� ��א��8@�%��א��%Xא���

�������\�D%I8©�א� !&���%�0א�\iא���א.�8%א��C،����א*�){�א�0��#���א�8א��W%%%%%B"�.-8%%%%%+��א.$%%%%%�±��א.`'��א�%%%%%�

���،# h.א.��#²א���Apiא�!א�����،���א*�){�א�Cא.�8א����#pא��א�bo� +�،�א��א� )������� �א@E��T'א� !&�����0א�%�

���%&#Uא����D(�*א���،����%�(�Z�T�%BEא����،�%�)�I\א������(��D%����!%%&!)��V��%%9� Tא*%%D�G���א��8@�%%��א��%%BEא��،���%%Xא�

��%%X��r�0،�א��8@�%%��א�p%%iא���D%%(�*א��� ��N8%%����א�%%��T�%%%BEא�'+��%%%�����0\%%%h_א�،T#%%%J�I*א�b%%%L����I%%%�

�����%%%%�����א�%%%%�א����1א� �"�%%%%��%%%% �y8%%%%7א*#�@%%%%��������7�%%)$�A%%�����%% א��א*D%%0���Z��$א*0��%% �אyא�Y %%-�$�

א�8Xא]%%�eא* W#"%%�،��א-%% )#א'&��א�(�K%%��$%%>�א�%%�א�������،�'�%%%iא��q��D%%%@א���%%%�����%%% �א+�א�%%% ��،�א*%%%D�'א

0/����א� )%%%�+� ��%%%$��%%%h�iא<�%%%��א#L8$8\א���,��%%%iא�����='8%vא��%o�( 1،��א�,�� ��א�#א$%����e،א�%)Iא������،���%�X9

���%%% ��Tא�%%%G��A��8%%%7N'�א�80א<%%%�lא�%%%p#&\����،�א�%%%!���y�%%%%/0א���%%%%�XW ���%%%%\(0*א���%%%%-��Xא��א�f�TbI%%%%א���،

א� %%%�א���$%%%>��%%%�)���א.o%%%����א� %%%�)���א�%%%�א����1�א�y،��א.`&�Y -א���o.א�e\א��~#W *א��R$�U�K� �

� ���;��0�!<�

א��� •��%% ����%%�g'� א��א� \8%%'א��א�!%%��#���%%����>א*()�'&%%%%��א��א���%%%%���א* )x��%%%%�U%%%%}'א��א� \8%%%%'��א��א��א���%%%�،�������%%% �א<%%%r���%%%)�I[��،O%%%��א��Z�

�א*%I�%7F8���¡+����%�'8\�����������Zא� )�+&��-¼)��7�،�����<�%%%7��I[��،(%%%��א� %%%7F8�����Zא�\%%%#`���Y D%%%*א

��،�<%%%���A%%%��nK%%%��,���א� %%%�)�)���א*%%%��Y Dא��א*()�'&��א��א������ �Kא� �

Page 28: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٥٦

• �������<%%$��%%����%%�g'� א���%%IXQא�A(%%B�'8%%\ א���%%����>��������T#( D%�א��XQא* )������(��CZ��،�Iא� \8'��)��������������@���Eא��Z��(,�Xא���"�p*א�a8�G�+���$��\I�#�

�A���¦�0א���>�p "_'א��א�א_$ ��K� �א��א*��� •��%%% )���א��%%%����8& D%%%��'8%%%\���%%%&'�()

��א��א�����1،א��א�������Aא*�c8 Dא� !&������(� ��>��b�Z�Kא�nא�()�'�Tא��א���� �

א��א*()�'&%%��א��א���%%�� •��%% �%%}'א���\8%%'�א��#o�%%���%%���א� ��F8�80%%���א_F )���%%��א_� %%��+&�$��(8א

���������%�@KX)א����%7F8 א���%)�I\$������(Mא����-��Dא����%%%%� ����א�I%%%%�#&���א�%%%%���T#\�Dא_� )�D%%%%� ��א�

��0&��Kא� �#&���א��T#/0א��8@����א� �• ©�I�'א�����������%F�Q�$��%א����א��א���% �א:��\8%'�א��Z�

���������%&�M�8א¯�OF8 ��1א�B�*א�lI@���� �N8א�����) א�0��T8%%%%$%%%%>�א�()%%%%�'��Tא� %%%%#��Hא*(#<�%%%%�� ��א�%%%%-�

c#�.א،���nK�>����B�&#א��n�h8��������T'8%Uא��A���%%%%�F8�80� +א��א_$ (%%%%���%%%%�@KX)א��T#%%%%/0א��A%%%%��

2�%%%J����8%%%B8�2�p%%%>�n����n%%%��]#&%%%��א�lא��%%%��������א*'#W א��K� �

• ��8%%¯��%%>#Qא�A%%�א��א��א���%%����%% �\�I[�'8%%(%%��א�����T+8%%Mא� 0)��3�%%א��O%%��������e�0�%% א��%%(,K*א��

�A%%%����%%%&!"#�Kא*#"!&%%%��¯�8%%%א��A%%%���،��,�p%%%@Eא�8%%¯��%%,+�dא�Cא.�8%%א�A%%���،#N�%%0�K�8%%א�¯�#N�%%0 א�

��y8%%א� %%��,��،��א*%%TbU،��א� %%I���A&א*I���V��%%rא��Q�<%%%$��%%%���%%%#®�א.�%%%J��aא�%%%�6���%%%I&#r�+�א� ��

���O%%F8 א���،��%%o.א���%%���א�א��א���%% ��א��(�%%���8¯yאuGא�����%)�I\א���������'��%�אD%GE���$�%�*���Cא�

��1,��%% ��א��D%%X א��V���%%Y א��T+�%%&`��±��%%0 *א��T#�>�Kא�0U�,����א� )�+ �

• %%��'8%%\������Y�%%א��A%%�א��א��א���%%����%% ���א������7Mא�����������[�D%I�8%א�¯�a�%�i�$��)p%*א���D@���א�#�

���������0&���א_@ ��G%����א_@�D�$���א�#���@ ������א�����>� p8&��א�U@.א�������DGEא��� iא'&���א#( -�$�א��� �Kא� �

א���� •��%% ����D%%�D\8%%'�א� %%7F8���א� %%�)�)�������������A%������%-Z��I%��A%��T�א��א�������Zא*I�+¡�א*( )%

����%%-#��"�T'�%%()א���%%XG��'�%%���#%%/0א���R%%W0א�����8%%%¯�����%%%-Kא���z�#%%%\��1%%%א�B�(��yא�Y %%%-א�

�������1,��% �א+�א� Y\��3א* ��z8א� %�$�eא�% ��¯����8%א_�����%%�Qא���)D%%א��T+�%%&`���'�%%i+א�א_� )%%���%%���

�́%%%X*א��p%%%@Eא���@���%%%���)��%%%�א*�������%%%iא��}����������8%¯��،��D%(�*א��8@�%���א���X��%$�H80 +��א��א_� )%�

�א����א� 0�-%%%%����%%%%��א�8%%%%Xא@>��א����D%%%%0א%%%% ��،�%%&�&#��א*#�@%%7N6���%%�'�א�(�K%%����א�8Xא�%%��א� ������Z�y�%%)א���w�%%iא�<%%$�^%%Bא�8א���%% �%%�L��qא�

A��א�!�� �y87א���a8�+��،�'�iא����א��Kא� �• '�D¯א���%��¯���������8%א�א��א��� ����Vא��Y D*א�\#`�א�

�&'�()����"#G��Z���(�(�����7F8����'א��K� �א��א��א��� •��%% �%%���A)����%%0\8%%'��%%��,��א���%%�

��A%%���8%% %%��א*8%%א+،��¯��(Y�%%א����,�p%%@Eא�� %%��א

Page 29: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٥٧ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

����������p%�8א�¯�^\Dא�� ����א��<$���,�� א�(�K���א����A%%���،e%%$א�#א��%%)Iא��y�%%( �_א����%%o.א��א+#%% x�

����������א� ��t�o¯�8א�c8 vא� ��,�1א��א���1��eא� �"�%���a��J.א������$��D@_א.�����8%א��T+#א��^�K*א���Cא

��)Ip*א�Tb0א��rI���$K

� ����M����

�������������א� )�+ •�%0LE�='�%Mא�t%WIא��A%���%���Q,?�א�א�0 %��".K����k+א� (��)����א� �)�)��א�()����א �

א��� •��%%%% �\�e%%%%&8א* %%%%#+א��א*( )%%%%���T \8%%%%&#�א�n�%%�$#���%%א�����#��!א�%%7���r$%%���א��A%%���p%%�&��%%x��

:�p� -���1 \8'אg'� א��'�D*א�V��# ��Kא� �• '�(U %%-א��%%0LE�t%%WI,?�א��'&>��@ %%�א*()%%�q'�%%¦�

(�%%�����l%%����%%��9�V�<א�������א*%%�))>�א�%%�א��א*()�'&��א��א������ �Kא� �

� �:;����

N<'B :��P� �� :;����

Q�A����J)9 R,SK��' RC#�T RC*�א�א�������������.���

�א�א���� �K�����©�،�%&�F�C#X8א'א���G���D�-١�،�p�+�W�،#� ��٣٤٩w�K،F٢٠٠٣yE+א'�א� �

F�JJ��� R�� JJ!.?��%%oא�W����%%&#� �%%^�א�K*א?K�������

���א�������א��������א����������������������y�،٤،�HF٣E��#7J،F�٦ ٣E،��١��،F١٩٨٤yE��،٢٦ �

٣٠K� �

V��J)9 W�+J�� ��% �� RC�% ��.���������א���!� ���א��

"��#�%%%%��K�،1�pא���������&�%%%%�6�א+���%%%%����0@%%%%��y�،1�p�#�����-Z�١F�Z�wE�©�،١����b%$�،�W

�٥٢w�K،F١٩٧٤yE+א'�א�Q��T'א�(#$��،� � ��P' R,��0T.��#�%����K��א��(�)'��א��&�%$���א���#�

�،=�%%7��1%%����%%I��+�)%%-א�(#א��W�C��p%%א'�א�+،��>�XUא�F�١٩٨٧yE،�ww�١٧١�١٧٢K� �

� �N��X�� :��)0;"� :;����� �

Argan, Gilio C. "On the Typology of Architecture." Article translated by Joseph. Rykwert, Architectural Design Journal, (December 1963), 267.

Arnheim, Rudolf. Art Visual Perception: A Psychology of the Creative Eye. Faber paper covered edition series, London: Faber and Faber, Ltd., (1977), p. 9.

Ball, Victoria Kloss. Architecture and Interior Design. Vol. 2, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., (1980), pp. 50-187.

Ball, Victoria Kloss. The Art of Interior Design. 2nd ed., London: John Wiley and Sons Inc., (1982), pp. xvii-343.

Benevolo, Loenardo. History of Modern Architecture. Volume 2: The Modern Movement. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: The MIT Press, (1979), pp. x-402.

Benton, Tim and Milliken, Sandra. Art Nouveau 1890-1902: History of Architecture and Design 1890-1939. United Kingdom: The Open University Press, (1975), pp. 34-57.

Ching, Francis D.K. Interior Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, (1987), p. 46.

Collins, Peter. Changing Ideals of Modern Architecture 1750-1950. London: Faber and Faber Ltd., (1971), pp. 12-285.

Curtis, William. Modern Architecture Since 1900. 3rd ed., London: Phiadon Press, (1996), pp. 21-203.

Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture: Critical History. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., (1994), p. 8.

Page 30: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

a�a<�_�א����tN� ��א�(<��،�W;�W� �'�()*,א+�א��0%$א�.-�א�562'א+�א�42'%3 ��12KKK

١٥٨Garret, Eakin. Interior Architecture. New York:

Van Nostrand Reinhold, (1993). Gideon, Siegfried. Space, Time and Architecture:

The Growth of New Tradition. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press; London: Oxford University Press, (1977), pp. ivi-445.

Jencks, Charles. Modern Movement in Architecture. Penguin Book; Oxford University Press, (1973), p. 125.

Jencks, Charles. The Language of Post-modern Architecture. Fourth, revised enlarged edition, London: Academy Edition, (1984), p. 23.

Kurtich, John and Garret, Eakin. Interior Architecture. New York: Reinhold, (1993), pp. 3-464.

Lampuganani, V.M. Encyclopedia of 20th Century Architecture. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., (1986), pp. 22-320.

Lissitzky, El Russia. Architecture of World Revolution. Translated by Eric Dluhosch, London: Lund Humphries Ltd., (1970), p. 39.

Lobell, John. Between Silence and Light: Spirit in the Architecture of Louis I. Kahn. Shambhala, Boulder, Colorado, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc., (1979), p. 342.

Malnar, Joy Morric and Vadvarka, Frank. The Interior Dimension: Theoretical Approach to Enclosed Space. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, (1992), pp. 20-165.

Massey, Anne. Interior Design of the 20th.Century. London: Thames and Hudson, (1990), pp. 7-193.

Ozkan, Suha. Regionalism in Architecture: Exploring Architecture in Islamic Culture. The Age Khan Award, (1985), pp. 8-14.

Pevsner, Nikolalus. The Sources of Modern Architecture and Design 1968. New York: Oxford University Press, (1979), pp. 104-114.

Schulz, Christian Norberg. The Meaning in Western Architecture. New York: Praeger Publisher, (1978), pp. 174-203.

Scruton, Roger. Aesthetics of Architecture. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, (1979), p. 43.

Wright, Olgivanna. Lioyal Wright: His Life, His Work and His Words. London: Pitman Publishing, (1970), pp. 38-37.

Zevi, Bruno. Toward Organic Architecture. London: Faber and Faber Ltd., (1960), pp. 23-33.

� �� �

Page 31: E ١٤٣٠L ٢٠٠٩F א، E٢F - cap.ksu.edu.sa · e ١٤٣٠l ٢٠٠٩f א، ١٥٩ ١٢٩، e٢f אא ،٢١ ، א ١٢٩ א،אא،א، ١ אא،א، ٢ e ١٤٣٠ l٥l٢٤ ؛

��F٢Eא��� ����א�������،٢١،������� ����א��������� ١٥٩ F٢٠٠٩�L١٤٣٠��E،�א�

Historical Development of the Design of Interior Architectural Spaces for Modernism Period

Akram Jasim Al-Akkam1 and Salahaddin Najmaddin Majid2

1 Associated Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Applied Sciences University, Jordan

2 Lecturer, Kurkuk Technical Institute, Iraq

(Received 18/3/1429H.; accepted for publication 24/5/1430H.)

Keywords: Historical development, Interior design, Interior architectural spaces, Modern period.

Abstract. With the outbreak of humane uprising, radical changes incurred intellectual and architectural trends. Such trends witnessed a new conversion and development along with the industrial revolution which caused an unexpected shock and extremity to architectural theories and dominant approaches resolve into an episode of a new move surprised the world at that time with fashionable thoughts and drastic trends. Such trends were manifested in calling pioneers to adhere to simplicity, clarity and modernization. This progress titled as the modern movement. Olden day's postulates that focused on interior spaces showed clear epistemic deficiencies in historical developments during the modernism period, thus problem researches identified in the absence of adequate knowledge on past developments of design of interior architectural spaces.

The aim of the research is to explore the pivots of the historical development of the design of interior architectural spaces during the modernism period. To tackle research problem, intensive literatures are depended.

The results showed that the justifications of interior spaces development are connected to economic, social, technological, political, aesthetic factors, as well as to intellectual tendencies, philosophical, ocular, cosmic and religious visions. The goals of development are linked to utilitarianism, functional needs and renunciation of the times of yore besides seeking new, filling the gap between architecture and other divisions of knowledge, in addition to technological revolution, and detachment from rationalism gradually towards subjectivity and freedom.

The results of the development nature of interior architectural spaces revealed changing from profession to manufacturing, aestheticism, mechanism, typology, quality betterment, construction convenience and from centralism to decentralism, from symmetry to asymmetry, from calm to exiting colors, nonconformity in exaggerated volumes, exhibition of unfamiliar forms, bringing about integrity between interior spaces design and furniture, tendency to respect the nature and awareness to locality.

The characteristics of interior spaces developed from bulkiness, gloominess, and radiating imagination of muscularity to simplicity, romanticism, dynamism, openness, transparency, femininity, levity, and feeling the continuity of space. Successive development depending on interior spaces adopted principles such as impertinent methods of painting, sculpturing, yearning to the past times, and classical postulates towards using open planning, spatial succession, external extension, increase in volume and approbation of measured construction operations, mechanical services, chromatic and tactile conceptions versatility, towards accounting on regulations, proportions, interlocking, conformity, flexibility, showing territorial relations and abstract rules, absence of clear separation between private and public, interior and exterior, and advent of space-time and implementation of inconsistency.

The interior space properties developed from centralism and bulk construction masses towards decentralism and lightness of building materials and development of interior spatial relations with mass and surfaces towards form, fourth dimension and from solicitude of furniture and furnishing towards interior spaces content and assuring flowing forms and abstracted features, and brilliant colors.

The conclusion demonstrated effectiveness of particular indications of historical developments of interior spaces represented by development validations and aims, the nature of the language of interior spaces, their characteristics, dependability on development trends or used principles, the nature design tendencies or used styles, in addition to interior spaces proprieties. Development effectiveness within a period and among different periods and that the process of development is progressive linked to resolving current problems or potentialities arising from new discoveries and inventions.