東亞書院雜誌社

Contents 目录編者的話 Editor's words

Special News: EAC Achievements

EAC Life

记录@Records

Activities’Timeline ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 02聚焦@Focus

Sports Day ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 04 正义，一场思辨之旅 by陈家成 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 06 社会问题研讨 by陈家成 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 07 参观监狱有感 by徐天如 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 09

分享 Share

视角@Views

剑桥琐记。之十六 by 林玉凤 教授 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 11宿生投稿@EACers’Work: Sharing about Summer Exchange

Unique Summer In Germany By Liu Xiaoou ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 12 Sharing about Summer Exchange Program By Wu Gang ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 13 The Colorful Lives In University Of Victoria By Ying Kaijie ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 14 Fun From Summer Exchange Program AU2: Chinese Austrian EU Summer School 2012 By Huang Meng ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 15 Brief Sharing About AU2 By Liang Youyan ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 17

特別企劃@Special Corner

Photoshop入門&上期封面製作大揭秘 By Liang Youyan ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 18

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11 16

11 30

Master’s Tea with Prof James Mirrlees, Nobel Prize Winner

11 4

Band Night

11 2

10 26

Halloween

Party

11 20

DIY

12 2

Band Show

12 19

Christmas Party

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10 14

Sports Day

10 13

9 19

9 13

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9 12

9

9 6

9 3

8 31

Justice Workshop #1

8

Floor Orientation

乒乓球：

沈芷彤 女單，

混雙 亞軍

雷慕雪 女雙 季

軍

李健達 混合團

體 冠軍，男雙

冠軍

羽毛球：

黃榮輝 男單，

混雙 冠軍

許宇翔 男單 亞

軍

許宇翔 男單 亞

軍

朱琪瑋 混雙 季

軍

壁球：

李育民 季軍

田徑：

何嘉琪 女子2

00m 季軍

何嘉琪，薑逸

雪，童緣，魏

倩 4x100m 季

軍

何嘉琪，薑逸

雪，童緣 4x4

00m 亞軍

何嘉琪，薑逸

雪，童緣 4x4

00m 亞軍

童緣 女子跳高

季軍

EAC MAGAZINE-The windows06

我们首先来介绍一下这个课程。这是以哈弗大学由迈克桑德尔主讲的唯一的公开课（Justice: What is the right things to do)为主题的书院活动。这个研讨会是会每个星期五在21楼的会议厅8：00由我们院长来主持的，并且Andy和Kevin也会到场来一同研讨。那我们马上进入这场思辨之旅吧。

! 先来看一个例子：04年夏，佛罗里达遭飓风查理的袭击，损失惨重，但是就在当地人民处在水深火热中时，有些人却在发灾难财。冰块、修理费、住宿旅馆的价格都涨了好几倍。所以一场关于“反哄抬法”是否应该实行的讨论就展开了。

一方认为价格是由市场需求决定的，没有公道价格这回事。他们还觉得灾难这种条件也更特殊，也没什麼公道可言。而支持反哄抬法的一方则认为灾民在受灾的情况下并没有自由去选择购买，就如他们没有自由去选择接不接受这个灾害一样，这种买卖是不公平，不道德的。他们其实也带有了更多的义愤在内，而这种义愤就更多的是关注个人的利益了。其实这当中更多的是，或者说是一个应不应该把道德正义与法律糅合在一起的争论，也当然是个仁者见仁智者见智的问题了。

下面这个电车问题是很经典的一个。先看这个情况：如果你在开一个电车，但是刹车坏了，前面有五个工人在轨道上施工，电车眼看就要撞过去。这时你突然发现铁轨有分叉，但只有一

个人在施工，你知道电车可以转向这个铁轨，只会撞死一个人，你会怎么做？

就事实来看是绝大多数人都会选择转弯，因为从功利的角度来看，拯救五个人的生命一定是比救一个人的生命更划算。但我们来看一看下面这个例子，你会怎么选择？

同样是一台刹车坏了的电车，前面同样也有五个要被撞上的工人，但这时你是站在铁轨上天桥的一个旁观者，你注意到你身旁有一个胖子。把胖子推下天桥，让他掉到铁轨上挡住电车，胖子当然会死掉没有错，但五名工人都会活下来（假设你有考虑牺牲自己，但是因为个子太小，跳下去也无济於事）你会觉得把胖子推下去是对的事吗？

很多人又会说不会，这只会让他们的双手沾满鲜血。但是仔细想一想，你把胖子推下桥和转动电车的把手又有什麼区别呢？这就是道德上的冲突，让我们陷进一个道德的困境，一个无解的双选题中。而此时不同的选择，其主观的因素也无限地被放大了，才会出现各执一词的现象。我们更应该去思考的是到底这两种情况是有何的细微差别让我们做出了两个完全不同的选择。

下面我们应该来介绍一下功利主义了。最早是边沁在这些问题上明确立场，他提出一个简单、光凭直觉就很吸引人的主要观点：道德的最高原则就是幸福的最大化，就是追求快乐扣除痛苦的最大总和。并且事实上，这个理论对决策者、经济学家、一般市民的思考方式，影响至今不衰。

这个道理实在太好理解，无非就是做一些加减法，把好处相加，扣除所付出的代价，看看是否会带来更大的

幸福。反对的声音如期而至，主要有两个方面：

1.不同的价值有单一的衡量标准吗？

比如像肺癌的好处，若像边沁所说，从菸草税这个问题来说，因抽烟早死而节约下来的资金一年就有一亿四千七百万美元。

又比如你愿意收多少钱去砍掉你的一根脚趾？去堪萨斯（美国中部一个很荒凉的地区）度过你的余生（那里当然没有WIFI）？

2.个人权利

应不应该严刑逼供一个恐怖分子让他招出一个会炸死几千人的炸弹的地址？

又应不应该让一个小孩受苦受饿来换取一个城市的繁荣与昌盛（选自短篇小说《从欧梅拉斯走出的人》）？

由这些例子可以看出其实有很多东西是无法用金钱，甚至不能去衡量的。但是有一点我们必须肯定，就是功利主义它把这一类的道德问题加以转化为科学，给了一个量化的概念，这是它积极的地方。它的不足由上述例子可得知。

而以本人的一点看法，功利主义是无处不在的，无所不能的。但是现在的问题是，目前为止，像情感这样的因素，依旧在我们的可思考的范围外无重力地漂浮着。我们依旧不能用一个更有效的方式去衡量，只能另起一个炉灶来申明了。

那么这次的justice就和大家先介绍到这里，希望大家有所感悟。

正义 一场思辨之旅 正义 一场思辨之旅作者：陈家成

社会问题研讨会 by 陈家成

八月三十号，在书院的二十一楼会议厅举行了由Prof. FONG主持的“澳门实事由你say”的互动研讨活动。整个活动以“提问——讨论——总结”的模式解决和讨论一些澳门当下我们最关心最想了解的实时问题。大家向Prof. FONG围成一个大圈圈，会议气氛活跃融洽，各位同学争相发表自己的见解，最后由Prof. FONG总结并提出自己的想法。同学们在这次的会谈中不仅有机会能各抒高见，而且能了解到其他同学的意见，增长了各自的见识，还拓宽了视野，会从更多更全面的角度去思考问题，编者也觉得获益匪浅。整个会议主要讨论以下几个问题：

澳门政府是否应该每年都派钱？且每年增加？贫富差距加大，经济增长是否只有少数人获益？每个澳门居民是否都可以申请公屋？

澳门是否应设立中学统一考试以提升水平？大家可以先自己思考一下这几个问题。下面我们来看一下Prof. FONG关于这几个问题的论述：

1.我们先来想一下政府为甚么要派钱，也就是派钱的历史。澳门本地的同学可能知道派钱这个行为是从08年开始的，算算就是有四年的历史了。

那原因是甚么呢？其实都是经济的问题。紧缩要派，物价膨胀要派，政府有钱了也要派，而到现在不派不行了，成习惯了。

派钱其实还有一个非常重要的作用。就是降低一些舆论压力：有些居民可能会说他们没有从政府博彩业的发展得到一点好处。而派钱就很完美的解决了这个问题，你只要有ID就可以拿钱，就相当于政府拿几千块塞住了舆论的嘴巴。Prof. FONG则认为派钱这个行为应该被改善。虽然这个派钱的确对贫富差距有帮助，可影响实在是微乎其微。而更重要的是这个办法是治标不治本的，不是长久之计。

　　所以Prof. FONG认为这个派钱应该是有条件的。就如新加坡一样，按年龄去派不同年龄需要的钱，这能帮助居民更加有效的运用政府的福利，而不是一有钱就挥霍掉，挥霍给有钱人，进一步加剧贫富差距，形成恶性循环。

　　2.至于贫富差距这个问题一直就是各个国家地区的热门问题，当然澳门也不例外。我们先从数据上来说，澳门这几年的基尼指数是0.38（基尼指数是关于贫富差距的一个指数，1是最差，零是完全平均，0.4以下是可以接受的），可以看出那些一直在喊在叫的人是有些言过其实了。再从澳门本身的福利来看，澳门是更贴近欧洲的形式，人们的基本福利很高。就算是你什么都不做，一个月也有三千块的福利（这还不是全部），就这些钱也能让你有尊严的在澳门生活下去了。换句话说，在澳门，没有绝对的穷人。

　　那为甚么还会有这么多的人喊穷呢？其实最重要的就是澳门群众的社会心理。简单来说，比如说张三一个月拿1万块（这不算很差），他却看到李四能拿1万五，而且还有很多分红，这当然张三就不高兴了，就闹了。这种现象在各个地方都有，但是在澳门却特别严重。而就是因为这个，贫富这个问题就不断的被扭曲加大，有时情绪起来了，大人也会像孩子一样，不听劝告，失去理智。

　　

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3.公屋这个问题也是大家爱讨论的问题，而在讨论着个问题时，最重要的就是公屋分配给的对象，和如何去监管一些“假贫穷”，炒公屋的问题。

　　公屋分配是有要求条件的，比如澳门政府规定月薪在一万九以下的可以申请，这个很好，但是却忽略了那些比如两万到三四万的“夹心阶层”，也就是中产阶级，他们同样没有能力去支付高额的房价。而这就是个大问题了（中产阶级的重要性我就不细谈了），会把社会拉成”M”型，一个穷人很多，富人也很多的社会，这是非常畸形的。

　　同样“假贫穷”也是让人头痛的问题。“假贫穷”是指比如说一个富二代，他家境虽然非常好，但是在他名下的财产却跟一个从贫民窟出来的孩子没有多大的区别。而他们却以同样的地位去申请，一个急需，一个想多一套房子，而澳门的社会资源又是有限的，这就导致社会资源得不到很好的分配，同样会提升基尼指数。

　　本人认为再强的监管也只能起表面的效果，而更加核心的就是下面要谈的教育问题。其实整个澳门居民素质的提升才是解决此类问题的万全之策，我们必须从根本上来分析公屋历史地位，在不同区域上的地位，我们对公屋的需求与态度，才能从更加立体的角度来解决这个问题。

　　4.统一考试，就像国内的高考，像SAT，一个有着统一考试内容，针对绝大多数学生的一个规范性很强的一种考试。它的好处就不言而喻了，有了一个统一的标准，就能更加方便快捷的挑选出优秀的学生。还有一点统一考试可以提供的就是提升学生之间的竞争，而竞争力弱就正是澳门中小学教育中存在的问题。大家都不想争第一，说及格就好了。大家都有书读，政府给钱你读，於是就形成了这么一种情况：竞争力弱。

但是仔细想来，澳门作为这么一个以博彩业为支柱，旅遊会展强盛的这么一个城市来说，他真的需要培养一些这么拼命干活，和对手拼个你死我活的后代吗？显然是不需要的。

这是没有认真思考实际需求的一个后果，只是和别人进行盲目的比较。就比如说有人说澳门人懒，店铺都要到十点十一点才开。但是有仔细想过吗，遊客八点起床，九点过关，十点抵澳，你这么早起开门是干嘛啊？

　　以上大约就是Prof. FONG的观点，当然还有本人的一点点看法在内，也当然是仅供大家参考学习。就像本人所说的“万全之策”，也是一种观点，目的是开放大家的思维，提供不同的角度去思考问题。

　　希望大家看完本文能有所收获。

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書院生活　　來了快四個月了，終於覺得自己儲存了足夠的觀察和感覺，去寫⼀一下這裡的特色書院生活。

　　劍橋大學行實行的是書院或學院（College）和學部（Faculty）並行的管理方式，大家常常聽到的劍橋大學帝國學院（King’s Cllege）或三⼀一學院（Trinity College），就是書院或學院，我們在港澳通常將College翻譯為書院，內地卻翻譯為學院。我們在港澳翻譯為學院的Faculty，像文學院或社會科學院，在內地被翻譯為學部，也就是文學部或社會科學學部。書院有點像個小社區，由來自不同科系的學生和學者（Fellow）組成。Fellow可以是大學各個學系的教授或講師，也可以是受僱於書院專責研究或教學的，或屬於榮譽性質的，還有⼀一種，就是我留在這裡的身份──屬於訪問性質的VisitingFellow。多數書院都是⼀一連幾幢的建築物，裡面有教室，演講廳，圖書館，宿舍，食堂，當然還有招生廣告裡最常見的花園和草地，書院多數宿舍讓師生⼀一起生活，大家各有獨立的房間或⼀一整個住宅單位，所謂生活在⼀一起的感覺，靠的其實是⼀一起吃飯。

　　我所在的書院，好像沒有港澳的通行譯法，內地把她叫做克萊爾學堂（Clare Hall），由克萊爾學院（Clare College）中分拆開來，後者是劍橋大學的第二個書院，快有八百年的歷史了，規模很大，她的花園美得驚人，是遊客熱點。從中分拆出來的ClareHall，是個規模較少，只收研究生的書院，而且，這個書院因為強調國際交流，所以容納了最高比例的外地學者，也因為這樣，同事圍在⼀一起，常常像個小型的聯合國。第⼀一到來參加歡晚宴的時候，坐在兩旁的新同事，是來自美國和加拿大的，坐在對面的三位，是捷克、意大利和法國的。

　　克萊爾學堂有個不明文的規定，跟其他很多學院的階級制度不同，那就是學生，學者，學院的行政人員以至維修人員，都是不分階級的⼀一起在書院餐廳吃飯，座位沒有預先劃定，大家可以隨便選擇座位，但多數人會選擇順著長桌剩下的空位填補下去，除非是專門約定坐在⼀一起，否則有很大機會每天跟你坐在⼀一起吃飯的都是不同的人，而且，這個規定最重要的目標，是讓來自不同地區從事不同領域研究的人，可以在飯桌上輕鬆交流，互相認識和了解。經過這幾個月的吃飯經歷，認識的同事和同學，幾乎有個袖珍聯合國的規模，大家從事的領域，從自己較為熟悉的人文與社會學科，到天文地理、基因工程，還有些以往聽也沒聽說過的學科都有。這種充滿愉快交流的生活，第⼀一個重要的啟示，其實是學海真的無涯。　　

劍橋瑣記。之十六

原載2012年5月3日《澳門日報》“新園地”版“筆成氣候”專欄 作者：林玉鳳

Agnes, Lam Iok Fong (Lin Yu Feng)Journalism and Public Communication Program,Department of Communication, FSHUniversity of Macau

11

S U M M E R S H A R I N G

EAC MAGAZINE-The Windows12

The events I experiencedThis summer was meant to be unique to me.

As a student majoring in Engineering, I wish to have an opportunity to study in Germany all the time. I am very interested in specialization of earthquake engineering, so I chose Prof. Donka’s course. During the two-week study, I found myself gaining a deeper knowledge on this subject.

Besides learning from different professors in different areas, studying abroad is meant to experience more and broaden our horizon.

Fortunately, 2012 summer was a special time for me as well as for Kassel, even for the whole Europe. The dOCUMENTA (13), the most important exhibition in modern art, was open in Kassel during 100 summer days while 2012 European Cup was one of the biggest football events this year. I went to experience the amazing modern art as well as the biggest fan mile in Europe for the match Germany vs. Greece in Berlin. I even saw one of the biggest annual gay parades in Berlin.

The intercultural differences exist everywhere. But I learned and accepted. That is just the way to broaden my horizon.

The people I metBesides those excellent events I experienced, I have to mention those brilliant people I have met.

I really appreciate my host family for their kindness. That is a big family, in which there are four family members with a big horse, two ponies, a pug and two snakes! Another long-term exchange student from the USA and I have spent a wonderful time with them. We went to the neighborhood party and met a lot of nice and kind people. Some of them even spoke Chinese to me. I also took this chance to learn German from local people and enjoyed the barbecue very much. At weekends, I tried to feed the ponies and ride the horse. My host sisters were very good at riding and have won many medals. I even saw the snakes hunting the mice, which was fierce but exciting. Those

unique people with wonderful experiences will be in my memory for the whole life.

In the university, I also made friends from all over the world. Until now, I still write emails every week to my best friends I met in the summer university. Kate, a girl from London, and I usually talked about every little we found interesting in our life. Although we have different cultural backgrounds, we can totally understand each other.

After the summer exchange, I even spent time in Spain for hanging out with my friends who I met during the exchange in Spain in my high school.

Studying aboard is like an amazing journey. You will never know ahead what you will experience and who you will meet. But everything you experienced and everyone you meet would a great memory that stays in your mind even forever.

Unique Summer in GermanyWritten by LIU XIAOOU,Angela

13 EAC MAGAZINE-The Windows

Sharing about Summer Exchange Programme

Rafael, Wu Gang, from the programme PO1

My summer vacation of 2012 at SUW in Poland was such an excellent experience. I totally enjoyed myself with other friends from different countries (cultures), and also learned some knowledge about EU and EU member countries. I can't say that I learned lots of things there, but I can say that my short stay in Poland gave me motivation to study much harder and do my best whatever I do in the future. All in all, I get something from what I saw, what I listened and what I think up with.

To be honest, I was so worried before the long trip. As a person who had not been abroad alone, the possible trouble came to my mind all the time during the last few days before the flight. What if the customs refuse me to enter Europe? What if I could not find the person who came to pick me up? Poland is not an English-speaking country, and it is still a developing country, I worried I would get lost and meet bad guys...The truth is, I worried much more about it. While I arrived at Warsaw Airport, one of the volunteers, who was wearing a colorful T-shirt with "Summer University Warsaw" written, was waiting for me. Warsaw is not a big city and we arrived at the school after half an hour. I met my classmate from UM. What a comfortable situation after so much worries! I feel so great!

On July 2rd, the programme began. It impressed me a lot even though it has been some time till now. During the weekdays, we had lectures which covered several economical, political and financial themes on Poland

and Eastern Europe. Later on we had the chance to practice our knowledge during the workshops. Many important and well known professors, like the former Polish Minister of Finance Kolodko, gave lectures during SUW. When the lectures were finished, there was always a cultural or social event planned. We visited the Old Town in Warsaw, the Palace of Culture (also known as the Stalin building), the royal castle, and had many trips to one of Warsaw’s beautiful parks or shopping centers. In the evenings, most students gathered together in one of the rooms to talk or

prepared themselves for one of the fabulous parties in Warsaw or events organized by the SUW team. Warsaw has a wonderful nightlife, with amazing clubs and bars. After a day full of interesting lectures it was always nice to relax and have fun with the other students, sometimes till the early morning. Also worthwhile to mention is the Krakow trip during which we visited the beautiful city center, Auschwitz and the salt mines of Wieliczka. We are together with the culture of Europe indeed.

Summer University at the Warsaw School of Economics is not only a great way to learn about several subjects concerning Poland and other Eastern countries, it is also a great way to have fun, explore the Polish culture and meet the other participants from all over the world. I really appreciate all the efforts that my kind and friendly Polish friends (organizers) made during my stay. I hope that I can have another experience in the near future.

I  am  explaining  my  ideas  during  the  inaugura3on

During  the  gradua3on,  all  UM  students  with  2  coordinators

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The International Institution for Business Management Summer Program began on 4th, July with 15 students from Umac, about 70 students from UIC, one from Austria and two from Germany. Until the end of the program, the students had lectures from seven professors for different aspects of

the business fields including business communication, service management, international business and entrepreneurship. With sufficient knowledge and experience in the business fields, every professor taught the knowledge in their own style with patience and passion.

How to improve the skills of public speaking was the most valuable part for me. In the class, we practiced a lot. For example, in every class, Brian, the professor of business communication, would set up the new style presentation for next class. He also introduced at least three totally new styles of presentation which I never knew before. After class, he would also give comments on the presentation to improve our ways to speak. Besides, we also did the assignments for advertisement analysis and personal resume, which would be useful in the future.

We also expended the knowledge for international business which analyses the same strategy, but totally different situations of Walmart spreading out the market in Germany and Toy Us's market in Japan.

In the service management class, four power for service improvement gave us a refreshment. Through the experiments and the observation, we realized the importance of the service for the customers and how to improve them.

Besides the class, we visited the Butchart Garden, which had at least 100 years. It was the most beautiful

place in this study tour in my opinion. In the garden, We could never count how many kinds of flowers in the garden, the purple lavenders, golden tulips, red roses, feeling like we were in the picture of flowers.

“You are so lucky, few people could see the whale so close!” in the whale watching day, the crew on the boat said with a big smile. To be honest, the whale watching was an exciting but painful process. We felt excited for the first time of whale watching, but the boat shake badly, and every one would more or less have ship sickness. The whale would sometimes surface to say hello to us. When we saw it, we could not help yelling. “Please do not yell, you will scare them," the crew told us. In the Victoria, the cuisine could not be forgot to introduce; cupcakes - tender chocolate or vanilla cake with sweet cream on the top, the chicken wrap - hot and crunchy chicken strips with tender pastry, spaghetti - tomato sauce with big beef balls or prawns with cream sauce.

Time flew so quickly. It was a meaningful study tour; I expanded my knowledge into business fields and new friends from the other universities. Besides, the interesting and exciting activities also made this study tour more colorful.

The colorful lives in the University of Victoria

By Ying Kaijie

This summer I attended Chinese Austrian EU Summer School so as to explore the world and enrich my holiday. During the 26 days of this program, we visited 8 European countries including Austria, Belgium, France, Czech, Germany, Italy, Luxemburg and Holland. Every day seems to be a busy day for us.

Throughout the whole trip, the two places we stayed longest time were Vienna and Salzburg, almost a week for each city because we had a series of lectures covering history and structure of the European Union as well as Austrian culture, economy, law, politics, music and philosophy. Through these lectures I acquired some basic knowledge about Europe in general and Austria in particular. There were also examinations coming after the lectures, but it wouldn’t be that hard if you just paid attention to the content and I do have learned a lot from this program.

Vienna, the city of music, was the beginning of our whole trip. I still remember on the first day when I wake up and opened window curtains, I saw a beautiful church cross the street just in front of my window and since there are no other high buildings, I can just have a great view of the whole city. Then I suddenly got the feeling that I was actually in Europe and I was so excited. Vienna is a beautiful city full of history. We stayed there for almost a week

and went to Prague for 2 days during the week. On the first day, we visited the famous palace at Vienna named Schönbrunn. It was the first palace we’ve visited at Europe, and also in my point of view, is the most beautiful one.

Every single room of the palace and the gardens of Schönbrunn all illustrate the high classic tastes, interests, and aspirations of successive Habsburg monarchs, which deeply impressed me. After lectures and arranged activities, we had some free time every day. It was quite interesting to hold

Fun From Summer Exchange ProgramAU2: Chinese Austrian EU Summer School 2012

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a map and look for sight spots all by yourselves with your team members together in a foreign country, especially under the circumstance that English is not so useful in German-speaking regions. Since there were 10 people in our team which made it a large group, we started to have people getting lost on the first day in Vienna when we were looking for the well-known restaurant there and we almost lost people every day since then, but luckily every one came back at last.During the days in Vienna, we spent two days to visit Prague, the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It was a nice trip and from guide’s introduction, I gained a basic understanding about the history of Prague. One of the amazing things happened there was that we found an excellent restaurant in Prague Square and we all enjoyed the food there so much. The other one was that we went to the top of the bell tower and saw a fabulous view of the whole city.

From the second week in Europe, we went to Brussels, the city famous for chocolate. When we crossed the road from Manneken Pis to Grand Place, the whole street was filled with the sweet flavor of chocolate and waffles. Although it’s not a big city, there are many headquarters of European Union organizations here.

We visited some of them, like the EU Council and Parliament and learned a lot about EU. Before leaving Brussels, every one of us bought some tasty chocolate and it’s also a good choice as souvenirs for friends. During this

week, we went to Amsterdam and Luxembourg both for one-day short trips. Comparing with the weather in Vienna, it’s quite hot in these cities and it’s getting hotter and hotter later on, especially in Venice. Luckily, I brought clothes suitable for both summer and autumn weather. Although we tried to walk really fast and shuttled around the city, we still could not walk around the whole city because of a lack of time. And what regretful is I didn’t see the two symbols of Holland: tulip and windmill. So I plan to visit Amsterdam once more in the future.

The next stop was Paris which I was looking forward

to visit for a long time. It was really impressive to see those famous sightseeing spots with my own eyes, especially for Eiffel Tower because it was one of my favorite architectures. My friends and I stayed there for several hours to see the view from sunset to night and it was so excited to see the whole Eiffel Tower lighted in the dark evening. Musée du Louvre was another remarkable place to me. As one of the world’s largest museums, the collections in the Louvre were all masterpieces. As Paris is also a city perfect for shopping, every one of us brought favorites either from luxury stores or from pharmacies and the price here was much cheaper even than that in Macau.

After Paris, we passed through Munich having a nice afternoon there, and then went to Mozart’s hometown, Salzburg. We stayed a week in Salzburg’s suburb living inside Campus Urstein and had another round of lectures. During the time, we went to Hallstatt which is called the most beautiful town in the world. It is located near the Hallstätter See (a lake) and there are full of colorful cabins on the town. Following is a picture from Hallstatt. (Shown in the next page)

The last stop of the whole trip was Venice. When we arrived at the Piazza Venezia, I got the illusion that I was back to Macau in front of Venetian due to the similar architecture style. We took the traditional Venetian rowing boat “Gondola” to visit the city formed a circle round along the river starting from the Grand Canal. The Gondolier explained the history of those sightseeing we passed through

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while rowing with a forward stroke. It was so nice to experience Venice by this unique way. Venice was so hot that day, so it became a perfect timing for eating Gelato, the famous Italian ice-cream. It looks so delicious which makes you want to try all the flavors. Actually, it really tastes good and I miss it so much after I left Venice.

Through this whole program, I myself not only broaden my horizons, but also have a memorable summer experience in Europe and gain a bunch of good friends. I want to

thank them for staying there and looking for me when I got

lost in the Louvre. I really treasure the happy time we had been through together in Europe. And we have an amazing group leader Halil. He’s so nice to us and helped us a lot during this long trip. I appreciate all the works he had done for me when I got into trouble. Before we left, we made a DIY T-shirt for him and took pictures at the airport. This EU trip will be an unforgettable chapter in my life and I cherish everything I gained from this program.

Brief sharing about AU2 by Liang Youyan As attended the same program with Stella ,I also have some experience to share with you.

This trip brought me not only colorful foreign culture experience, but also the precious friendship we shared.

In the trip, we lived together and went to different places by ourselves together. Although sometimes we might lose some one, and sometimes we were divided into different small groups that went to different destinations. Waiting time is unavoidable in a long trip, we played games,talked about our travelling experience.Because of each other, the long boring waiting time became a special memory for us.

After the trip, we 14 members have become best friends.Also we made friends with another university’s students in the same program group. Just back from Europe, I went to a short trip in Shanghai with Joyce Hu. In the National Day’s holiday, friends we made in the program came to Macau and shared a good time with some of us.

In my view, a trip is not only about destinations but the whole time period you share with people, stories, emotions.Because of our team, this trip became a remarkable experience to me.

If one day you go to a summer exchange trip, please enjoy everything that happens to you in that trip.

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Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems.

前言：各位读者你们好，感谢你们用心阅读了杂誌社成

立以来第一本正式的作品，也感谢你们阅读到了这一部分！为了吸引读者，留住读者，我们重磅推出技术宅单元——PhotoShop(以下简称PS)教学！经常听到一些朋友苦恼于想学PS而无从下手，如今我们就从最基础最简单的介绍，一点一点带大家走进PS的世界！

但是在开始教学前，小编希望大家能明白设计的精彩之处不在于技术而在于创意，有时很出彩的海报其实操作过程是非常简单的！所以还是老话，师傅带进门，修行靠个人，能力有限的小编只能带大家粗浅的认识PS这一神物，希望大家在学习的过程中有所收获~

另外，因为大家的PS程度不同，每期除了基础介绍，我们都会外加一个海报制作的教程（有可能是大家在楼道看到过的海报哦，哈哈哈~~~）以配合不同

程度的读者的需求。

讲了这么多大家是不是已经很烦想快点开始学习了呢，第一次教学嘛话总是要说多一点的，由于小编我是伪技术人员，不能对每一个名词做出官方的科学性的解释，只能通过我自己的理解来给大家做介绍，有时候我对一个工具的了解也不是很透彻，大家都可以将自己的意见和建议回馈给我，欢迎PS爱好者来信交流！

（强烈大家在阅读前先粗略地接触过PS，不要只看不想不做，这样是一点作用都没有的！！）

Photoshop 教程：开启设计之路Tutorial for designing作者 Liang Youyan

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事前准备 在开始学习前，总是要做些准备的。 首先是软件下载。好多人常问我用哪个版本的PS，哪个版本好。 我想说的是，其实对于不同版本基本功能都是相同的，对于进阶功能就看大家的需求了。（我一路从7.0 CS1-5这么用来，最主要的还是那些基础功能，很多进阶的功能甚至因为变得太快我都未曾了解过。） 我使用的是PhotoShop CS5简体中文版本，最新已经出到了CS6，聽說已經有CS7了。 （由于我使用的为简体中文版本，部分功能的表述和繁体中文版本是不一样的，这方面我无能为力，但是意思差不了多少，大家自己领悟看着学吧- -）

PS特有文件格式——PSD 大家日常所用的图片格式有jpg/gif/png等，这里要给大家介绍一种PS特有的格式——PSD格式。 这个格式的神奇之处在于，在PS里打开该格式的档，是可以编辑的！！这是什么意思呢~比如说你看到楼道那张“英雄召集令”的海报好好看啊，尤其是那个背景，好想要啊，这时，你只要拿到PSD檔，在PS中打开，即可以编辑这个海报，取出背景档化为己用了~ 或者有时候海报出错了，怎么办呢，总不能重来吧~这时只要有PSD档，谁都可以进行编辑了，就像.docx在word里边可以编辑修改一般~ 一般我们制作海报都会留下PSD以作修改之用。像我偶尔脑残没存PSD就会在要求修改的时候很头痛了……

什么是图层？什么是图像？什么是画布？

刚接触PS的同学对这个概念难以理解，但其实这是个非常简单的概念。 “图层”就是“图”+“层”=一层层的图的意思！是的，在PS里，图片是像建筑一样立体的，分为一层一层，每一层有不同的东西，对每一层的编辑在一般情况下不会影响到下一个图层，所以大家现在看到的“一张”海报，在PS里其实是“N张”图的迭加呢！ 图层栏会显示每层图内容的预览。 （Tip：这个抽象的概念光讲 不 一 定 能 理 解 ， 去 找 一 个PSD文檔在PS中打开看就明白了。虽然有点啰嗦，但是不能理解图层的话，PS之路走不下去的啊！！！！！如果你理解了之后你会发现上面的话是多么无聊……） 如果把你的PS操作当做在画画的话，那么必然是在一个画布上作业了。 其实图像和画布没什么好区分的，但是有些同学不明白更改画布大小和更改图像大小的区别，你只要试一次加上我上面的那句话就能理解了……

滤镜、笔刷……这货是什么啊！ 滤镜：滤镜主要是用来实现图像的各种特殊效果。大家可以打开随便一张图片尝试各种滤镜的效果~每个滤镜的具体参数、使用方法都是根据每次设计的不同而改变的。（我认为常用的自带滤镜： 模糊—高斯模糊、特殊模糊。 锐化—菜单中各种锐化都很有用。对于进阶读者，我个人很推荐一款下载的滤镜，叫做 Topaz Sharpen，市面上签名文件常见那种油画效果就是这么来的。Topaz其实还有很多滤镜，但是因为人气的关系，似乎最近只简化成Sharpen 功能了。） 笔刷：当你选择画笔工具的时候可以看到有不同形状的画笔，而更多的多种形状的画笔就是笔刷了~ 滤镜和笔刷都是可以自己从网上下载后添加进PS里面的，也可以自己制作笔刷哦~

现在，正式开始一个简单的图片操作之旅啦！

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濾鏡的基本界面

筆刷基本界面

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首先，打开文件。

一般打开一张图，会发现它的图层上显示有一个锁头，如果不解锁是无法编辑这个图层的（此时图像大小和画布大小效果相同）。 解锁方法非常简单，在图层上双击—确定即完成解锁。

调整图像大小（1） 图像—图像大小：此为直接调整图像大小，无

论图层多少，所有图层都会根据图像大小的变化而变化。

（2） 编辑—自由变换：运用这个可以只针对一个图层变换大小。而它说自由变换，那就说明了除了大小之外，还可以进行角度的变化。按住Shift键进行调整可以保持原图像等比例缩放。（在PS中按住Shift键进行一些调整会起到限制圖形的效果，比如画圆的时候按住Shift键画出来的是正圆。）

（3） 编辑—变换：单纯的顺逆时针，180度、360度变化，角度的变换。

一般调整：(1) 调亮：图像——调整——曲线。鼠标左键按住

斜线移动它就会变成曲线，此时可以看到图片亮度有了明显变化。（小提示：大多数的PS操作都可以直接在原图上预览，看不到的话把调整框移开即可~）（深度研究：曲线上凸一般会变亮，下凹会变暗，这只在RGB模式的时候奏效，CMYK模式时是相反的。原因不明。此处看不懂一点都不要紧- -）

(2) 调整对比度：虽然调整菜单中（对，就是上一个提到的调整）有亮度/对比度的调整选项，但是我不喜欢它操作出来的效果，我一般使用调整菜单中的色阶调整。拉住小三角拖动会有神奇调整效果哦~ （我虽不明白为什么，但是基本每个教程教你作图都先捣鼓一下这两步。如果你是拍摄的照

片，你会发现这两步调整过后，卡片机的照片质量会一跃而成比较好的卡片机的照片质量……）

(3) 除了以上两个基本常用介绍外，调整菜单中还有很多功能，大家可以多多尝试。（Tips:如果一个效果调完不满意，可以通过删除历史记录来恢复图像，就是撤销功能。历史记录不同于撤销之处在于可以一次删除到很久以前的步骤，而撤销一般只到上一步。有些人的PS里看不到历史记录，可以在 窗口—勾选历史记录 将它调出来。）

好了，各位，本期的基本介绍就到这里了，是不是觉得好像实际内容好少，废话好多（这……）。但是这些呢，都是我觉得很基本，有助于入门的知

识，其实大家了解了PSD和调整、变换图的大小、滤镜，这些已经是平时做简单海报很主要的功能了，只要大家多多研究，一定会有新的发现！不单是我说的这些，大家多多尝试PS各种功能，会

有意外收获哦~尤其是如果你能充分运用好滤镜的组合做效果，你

就可以成为半个高手了。

而另半个高手的秘诀，呵呵，留意我们杂志就知道了！

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曲線調整界面

色階調整界面

點擊“垃圾筒”圖標刪除記錄可以一次刪除多步喔

精彩不要走開！翻頁即有新學年特別刊封面製作

教程！

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这个封面封底主要运用到了滤镜和图层混合模式，其实非常简单，但效果也出奇的好啊~（主要归功于模特们拍得好！）

1.首先，新建一個a4大小的畫布，將所需要圖片素材拉入畫布之中。2.運用蒙版（或其它）方式融圖，保留需要的素材部分。

3.將圖像複製一層，對原圖像使 用 濾鏡－素描－繪圖筆 效果。具體數值根據圖片實際情況調整。（友情提示：

繪圖筆效果與前／後景色有關，使用前注意調整好前後景色。）

4.將複製後圖層的圖層混合模式改為顏色，適當調整不透明度。

5.圖片處理效果已經完成，加上文字後就成為一幅海報啦～

Eac Post 新學年特別刊 封面製作教程 簡單彩色素描效果製作教程作者 Liang Youyan

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雖然製作方法很簡單，但是簡單的效果配合這麼青春的pose是不是很有感覺啊～

若有疑問或想要交作業的同學請聯繫wuyited@hotmail.com

與最終印刷版有些許內容上的出入

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