View
240
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Economic Integration
自由貿易區自由貿易區
EU1992 整合程度
圖 8.2
區域經濟整合程度政治同盟
經濟同盟
共同市場
關稅同盟
Economic Integration (1/2)Free Trade Area
All barriers to trade among members removed.Each country can determine own trade policie
s toward nonmembers.Customs Union
Eliminates barriers among members and has a common external trade policy.
Common MarketEliminates barriers among members, has a co
mmon external trade policy, and allows factors of production to move freely between members.
Economic Integration (2/2)
Economic UnionNo barriers (include goods, services, and
factors) among members, common external policy, common monetary and fiscal policy, harmonized tax rates and common currency.
Political UnionHas a coordinating bureaucracy accounta
ble to all citizens.
Case for Regional Integration
Economic
Allow countries to specialize in products they produce efficiently.
Easier to gain agreement than GATT/WTO.
Role of FDI is enhanced. Exploit gains from free fl
ow of goods and services and investment.
Political
Creates incentive for p
olitical cooperation.
Reduces potential fo
r violent confrontati
on.
Enhanced clout to deal
with ‘superpowers’.
Impediments to Integration
Although a nation may benefit, groups with
in a nation may be hurt.
Concerns about national sovereignty.
Debate:
Trade creation.
Trade diversion.
經濟整合重要案例歐盟墨西哥受惠於 NAFTA
東協自由貿易區東協 10國:汶萊 、柬埔寨 、印尼 、寮國 、馬來西亞 、緬甸 、菲律賓 、新加坡 、泰國 、越南 。
東協加一(大陸)東協加三(大陸 、日本、韓國 )
中國大陸已在 2003 年 7 月與 10 月分別與香港及澳門簽署「更緊密經濟夥伴關係」 (CEPA) 協定