荷電粒子入射反応における医療用放射性核種169Yb …...to produce medical radionuclide 169Yb) 2020 3 K Ì ÿ Ñ × Á ò H (Moemi HANADA) U Y 、. ... 0 50 100 150

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Title 荷電粒子入射反応における医療用放射性核種169Ybの生成断面積測定

Author(s) 花田, 萌美

Citation 北海道大学. 博士(医理工学) 甲第14118号

Issue Date 2020-03-25

DOI 10.14943/doctoral.k14118

Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/78121

Type theses (doctoral)

File Information Moemi_Hanada.pdf

Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/about.en.jsp

1

、

169Yb

(Cross section measurements of charged-particle induced reactions

to produce medical radionuclide 169Yb)

2020 3

(Moemi HANADA)

、

169Yb

(Cross section measurements of charged-particle induced reactions

to produce medical radionuclide 169Yb)

2020 3

(Moemi HANADA)

、 ...................................................................................................................1

1. ............................................................................................................................................................................2

1.1 n .................................................................................................................................................. 2

1.2 n .......................................................................................................................... 3

1.3 -169L169YbM ...................................................................................................................................... 4

1.4 169Yb ................................................................................................................................................................ 5

1.4.1 169Tm ................................................................................................................................................................ 6

1.4.2 169Tm ........................................................................................................................................................... 7

1.4.3 169Tm ............................................................................................................................................. 8

1.4.4 natEr ............................................................................................................................................. 10

1.5 ................................................................................................................................................................... 11

........................................................................................................................................................................ 12

2. ............................................................................................................................................................... 13

2.1 Lactivation methodM .................................................................................................................................. 13

2.2 Lstacked foil methodM ............................................................................................................................... 13

2.3 Lgamma-ray spectrometryM....................................................................................................... 14

2.4 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

2.5 ................................................................................................................................................................... 16

3. ............................................................................................................................................................... 17

3.1 169Tm .................................................................................................................. 18

3.1.1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

3.1.2 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

3.1.3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 20

3.1.4 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 21

3.2 natEr ..................................................................................................................... 22

3.2.1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22

3.2.2 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 24

3.2.3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 24

3.2.4 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 25

4. ............................................................................................................................................................... 26

4.1 169Tm .................................................................................................................. 26

4.1.1 169Yb ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 28

4.1.2 169Yb ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

4.1.3 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 30

4.2 natEr ..................................................................................................................... 37

4.2.1 169Yb ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 39

4.2.2 169Yb ................................................................................................................................................................................... 40

4.2.3 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 41

5. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 48

6. 、 ................................................................................................................................................. 49

............................................................................................................................................................................. 50

................................................................................................................................................................... 51

1

、

t 、 H

1. M. Saito, M. Aikawa, H. Haba, Y. Komori, S. Takács Production cross sections of 169Yb and Tm isotopes in deuteron-induced reactions on 169Tm Applied Radiation and Isotopes 125, 23-26, 2017

2. M. Saito, M. Aikawa, M. Sakaguchi, N. Ukon, H. Haba, Y. Komori, S. Takács Production cross sections of ytterbium and thulium radioisotopes in alpha-induced nuclear reactions on natural erbium Applied Radiation and Isotopes 154, 108874, 2019

t H

a. ・ Sandor Takacs 169Tm 169Yb

2016 , 2016 9 7 ~9 I b. ・

169Yb natEr 50 MeV

2019 , 2019 3 20 ~22 I

c. ・ Sandor Takacs 169Yb

2019 , 2019 9 11 ~13 I I

2

1.

1.1 n

t n b YH t mQ

mt Y H aH

-131L131IM

8.02 mQ H Vm H a nV

H

-125L125IM

59.4 I mQ HV H

n H

-192L192IrM

73.8 I mQ HV H

-99mL99mTcM

6 mQ H L mt 140 keVM an LSingle photon emission computed

tomography, SPECTM H a t mQ 99MoLT1/2 = 66M n m 99mTc H m

8 T H

-18L18FM

110 mQ H n n 511 keV a n LPositron emission tomography, PETM H b

n H

t am n mH H

VH

3

t 100 T n (U.S. Department of Energy)H

1.2 n

ta Q H a n a

mQ Lcross sectionM Q H V g tt H a mmQ Q Q n

H a a n t m

Lthick target yield, TTYM H V mQ t (Otuka and Sándor Takács, 2015) a H

m a t a Q H Q H mt

a n m 99mTc mQ 99MoH V m

H n [ (Van Noorden, 2013) Y Y

Yt HV H T n

99Mo/99mTc t 15 n (Van Noorden, 2013)H

t T H VH

m t nH

nt anmQ H mt nt

n mQ Hn m H

t t n -169L169YbMa H

4

1.3 -169L169YbM

169Ybt 32.02 m 49.8 keVV 307.7 keV L 93 keVM amQ H mQnV 125I 192Ir a n mQ n T (Lymperopoulou et

al., 2006)H e 1 aHa n e ]n

n m H 1 169Ybn 125I 192Ir

169Yb 32.0 g 49.8 - 308.7 keV 93 keV 168Yb(n,g)169Yb

125I 59.4 g 35.5 keV (g), 27.5 keV 31.0 keV ( X )

28.5 keV 124Xe(n,g)125Xe 125I

192Ir 73.8 b g 130 - 1060 keV (b), 256 - 672 keV (g)

350 keV 191Ir(n,g)192Ir

177.21 keVLIg = 22.16%Mn 197.96 keVLIg = 35.8%M

nV 169Yb L169Yb-DTPAM m(DeLand et al., 1971)H

5

1.4 169Yb

1-1 169Yb aH

.((-,5 (--5 (-.5 (- 5 (-05 (. 5 (.(5 (.)5 (. 5

.(-+ (-, (-- (-. (-

()

(-0 (.

) 0 )

(.(

)(-

(.)

(-(

-0(-8

(-+8

(-,8

(--8

(-.8

(-8

(-08(

(.8

(.(8

-(-)2( 0

(-2

(-+2

(- (

(-,2

(--2,

(-.2

)) -0

(-2

)-0.

(-02

(.2

(+0( 0+ 0, 0- 0. 0 00 ( ( ( ( )

(%( (-0

t H

169Yb t 168YbH V 168Ybt 0.123%n Y 169Yb

t n H mt VmQ t n H

169Yb t 2 Q[ T H me a H

t LInternational Atomic Energy Agency; IAEAM a EXFOR(Otuka et al., 2014)

H 2 169Yb a [ ] [MeV]

169Tm(p,n)169Yb 4 4-50 169Tm(d,2n)169Yb 3 4-50 169Tm(a,tn)169Yb 1 43-66 169Tm(a,4n)169Lu 169Yb 5 37-65 natEr(a,x)169Yb 4 10-84 166Er(a,n)169Yb 2 11-17 167Er(a,2n)169Yb 0 - 168Er(a,3n)169Yb 0 - 170Er(a,5n)169Yb 0 -

e nn 、 kY LTENDL-2017M(Koning et al., 2019) 1.4.1 V 1.4.4 H

6

1.4.1 169Tm 4 (Birattari et al., 1973; Spahn et al., 2005; Sonnabend et al., 2011; Tárkányi et al., 2012)

a 1-2 Hn a nm

V m V a 、H V V mt 2 (Birattari et al., 1973; Spahn et al., 2005)

Q t 2 Q mQ HTENDL-2017(Koning et al., 2019)t 8 MeV mt n a

t Y 15 MeV tH ]n b t e

mQ n T H

1-2 169Tm 169Yb H n TENDL-

2017

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 10 20 30 40 50

169Tm(p,n)169Yb

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

Energy (MeV)

Birattari 1973Spahn 2005Sonnabend 2011Tarkayni 2012TENDL-2017

7

1.4.2 169Tm L2016 (Saito et al., 2017)M

m t 3 (Tárkányi et al., 2007; Hermanne et al., 2009, 2016)mQ H t m LTm2O3M

n tt mQ n H V V n T

u n V H m mtmQ n T H

1-3t 3 n 、 TENDL-2017(Koning et al., 2019)n mQ H t n a

t n HTENDL-2017 tY H

1-3 169Tm 169Yb H n TENDL-

2017

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 10 20 30 40 50

169Tm(d,2n)169Yb

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

Energy (MeV)

Tarkanyi 2007Hermanne 2009Hermanne 2016TENDL2017Saito 2017

8

1.4.3 169Tm t 7 (Sau, Demeyer and Chéry, 1968; Leyden and Murthy, 1988; Singh, Agarwal and Rama

Rao, 1990; Mohan Rao, Mukherjee and Rao, 1992; Mohan Rao and Chintalapudi, 1994; Kiss et al., 2011; Rauscher et al., 2012)Q H V

mQ Lu 169Yb t 1mQ H 169Yb Yt

mQ mQ H 1-4 169Yb n 、 mQ TENDL-2017naH

1-4 169Tm 169Yb H n

TENDL-2017

mt 169Yb mQ 169LuLT1/2 = 34.06 M H 1-5169Lu n TENDL-2017n aH5 m

t n H n TENDL-2017t mQ H

0

50

100

150

200

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

169Tm(α,x)169Yb

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

Energy (MeV)

Mohan Rao 1992TENDL-2017

9

1-5 169Tm 169Lu H n

TENDL-2017

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

169Tm(α,4n)169Lu

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

Energy (MeV)

Sau 1968Singh 1990Mohan Rao 1992Mohan Rao 1994Patel 1999TENDL-2017

10

1.4.4 natEr t 4 (Homma et al., 1980; Archenti et al., 1985; Mohan Rao, Mukherjee and Rao, 1992;

Sonzogni et al., 1992; Király et al., 2008; Kiss et al., 2015) a 1-6 a mY a V m H n

m b a n YmQ n T H

1-6 natEr 169Yb H n

TENDL-2017

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

natEr(α,x)169Yb

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

Energy (MeV)

Homma 1980Sonzogni 1992Archenti 1985Kiraly 2008TENDL2017

11

1.5

V 169Yb a t g mQ nV H 169Yb

a nm H 169Ybm a n m na H

mt 169Yb n mQ H mQ 169Tm

(Saito et al., 2017) T 169Tm natErH 169Yb Y

a n m H

12

m t mQ HL M AVF azimuthally varying field PET positron emission tomography SPECT single photon emission computed tomography

13

2.

m n3 [ H mt 3 n a

a H

2.1 Lactivation methodM

a n aa nm a mQ H

mt aH e t a

a n mQ H t H

! = #$%&'&$&()()*(1 − ./0(1)./0(3(1 − ./0(4)

Tγ Nt QNb εd εγ εt

λ tb tc tmn H

2.2 Lstacked foil methodM

n r n ma mQ H t m

Y n H t n na r a H

mt e t SRIM(Ziegler, Biersack and Ziegler, 2008) nm t LTime of flightM(Watanabe et al., 2014) H

r 2-1 a Y t Ha n n n

H a n H m a2-1 n a n

r 2 a nm n a nm H r n t nt Y

n a nmt n H V

14

V n Y Vn n H

2-1

2.3 Lgamma-ray spectrometryM

aa nm H et a (Chu, Ekström and

Firestone, 1999; International Atomic Energy Agency, 2009; National Nuclear Data Center, 2017)a H

t mQ LSEIKO EG&GMH ]n a

L 2-2MH m a nmn n H

15

2-2

2.4

t RI Q LHyper-pure Germanium, HPGeM H n r m

H 3 m n H 3

det. 1 GMX-25190-P ORTEC Tm+a 1 det. 2 GMX30P4-70 ORTEC Tm+a 2, Er+a det. 3 GEM30P4-70 ORTEC Tm+a 2, Er+a

e t 57,60Co, 88Y, 109Cd, 113Sn, 137Cs, 139Ce 241AmV LEckert

& Ziegler Isotope Products Inc.M H

16

2-3

2.5

LIAEAMmta Y V (Hermanne et al., 2018)

H 27Al, natTi, natCu n Va u HIAEAmt a

H n en a nm m n T H

mt n a nmH t IAEA (IAEA -

Nuclear Data Section)V mQ H

17

3.

t RI AVF Ht mQ m Y Q H

mQ 50 MeV mH

3-1 L Mn AVF L M

e 4 aH + (-08 E2

(-08 #a ()

) (. . ,(-6 9 (. - 1 )) (0 ) , .6 9 ( - 1 (

E2 #a ) ( 0 , 06 9 ) 1 (4 t mQ H t

m a n m H Va n m H

18

3.1 169Tm

169Tm t 2017 n Yn 2019 2 H

3.1.1 169Tm t 169Tm 1 27Al 2 1n 9 r 27 m H2019 mt 2017 n

T 27Al 1 28 n H tn 30 MeV a n H t 3-2L M

a 99.0% 169Tm L28.65 mg/cm2, Goodfellow Co., Ltd., UKMn 99.6%27Al L1.50 mg/cm2, Nilaco, Corp., JapanM H169Tm 27Al et n a nm H 169Tm t 2016

2 m 2017 2019 2H t ]n H 3-2

25 mm 169Tm n 8 mm 169Tm 27Al aHt 3-1m H

3-2 25 mm 169Tm L Mn 8 mm 169Tm 27Al L M

19

3.1.2 a

V IAEA n 3-3 aHt m

mQ H m t 30 MeV m27Al(a,x)22Na n H

3-3 169Tm 27Al(a,x)22Na

t 22NaLT1/2 = 2.6027 M 1274.53 keVLIγ = 99.944%M a nm H

1t 3 0.3% m HV V 10% a IAEA n H

u V tm Y n T mQ H

2t 2 m e IAEA n Yt V H e

t mQ H Det2; 6 0.05% H Det3; 1 0.4% H

t Y Ht m g Hn H

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

30 35 40 45 50 55

27Al(α,x)22Na

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

Energy (MeV)

Recommended valueThis work #1 (det 1)This work #2 (det 2)This work #2 (det 3)

20

3.1.3 169Tm 50 MeV e

LQ M 5 aH a tNuDat 2.7(National Nuclear Data Center, 2017) Lund/LBNL Nuclear Data Search(Chu, Ekström and Firestone, 1999) Live Chart(International Atomic Energy Agency, 2009)V Q tQCalc(Pritychenko and Sonzogni, 2003)V H

, (-08 7

2g A 9 4g 7

6 9(.) 5 -. e ( . .+)- ( - a %( )

( (,) ) - +( -+ (-- ),0 .)+ )0 +0()(), (,), ),( 0 -,. -), (

(.( 5 )+ e ( (0 0+ ( . . a ) %(.)--.+ + (( +. 0. +. .

(. 5 ) () e ( +), 0 , a %),(0 ( )(+ .() ), ( )

(-05 + - e ( (0()( . ) - , a + % (

0- -)) ) + ,(++0.+ 00) )(

(-.8 0), e(100) ) . +( - aa) %(+0 (-. e

(- 8 0 ( e 0000b% (

aa %

(. 8 () - e 00 .b% (

+ ), ), a 3 %(+

(-. (. , e ( % % a E % . +(-0 ) ( e ( - () ++) - a E %)( ,

( 0. (.+. ( (-05 e( ,) (( ( 0(..)( ))(- ((0.0- ,

21

3.1.4 1m t 12.3-54.9% n H t L0.3-49.7%ML2%M L1%M L10%M L6%M

L< 6%M L3%M V 2 。 mH 2m t 8.7-44.6% n H t L0.1-43.8%ML2%M L1%M L5%M L6%M

L< 6%M L3%M V 2 。 mH

22

3.2 natEr

3.2.1 n LnatErM t 6 a mQ H

6 natEr 162Er 164Er 166Er 167Er 168Er 170Er

0.139% 1.601% 33.503% 22.869% 26.978% 14.910% VV t

H natEr mt Y

7 32 V H t 3-4L M a99% natEr L20.06 mg/cm2, Goodfellow Co., Ltd., UKMn 99.6% natTi L2.26 mg/cm2, Nilaco Corp., Japan) HnatEr natTi t

a nm H 3-4 50 mm natEr n 8 mmnatEr natTi aH t 3.1.1 n

H 7 natErn natTi

1 Er 17 Ti 2 Er 18 Ti 3 Er 19 Er 4 Er 20 Er 5 Ti 21 Er 6 Ti 22 Ti 7 Er 23 Ti 8 Er 24 Er 9 Er 25 Ti 10 Er 26 Ti 11 Ti 27 Er 12 Ti 28 Ti 13 Er 29 Ti 14 Er 30 Er 15 Er 31 Ti 16 Er 32 Ti

23

3-4 50 mm natEr L Mn 8 mm natEr natTi L M

24

3.2.2 169Tm a

IAEA n 3-5 aH mt 16-50 MeV m a n m natTi(a,x)51Cr n H

3-5 natEr natTi(α,x)51Cr

t 51Cr (T1/2 = 27.7025 ) 320.08 keV (Iγ = 9.910%) a nm H12 1.1% m

HnatEr m L-1%Ma n IAEA nH m n 2% mQ n n [ H

H

3.2.3 natEr 50 MeV eQ 8 aH a t NuDat 2.7(National Nuclear Data Center, 2017)

Lund/LBNL Nuclear Data Search(Chu, Ekström and Firestone, 1999) Live Chart(International Atomic Energy Agency, 2009)V Q tQCalc(Pritychenko and Sonzogni, 2003)V H

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 10 20 30 40 50

natTi(α,x)51Cr

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

Energy (MeV)

RecommendedThis work

25

8 natEr 7

[%] Eg [keV] Ig [%] Q

[MeV] 169gYb 32.02 e (100) 63.12044(3) 43.62(23) 166Er(a,n)169Yb -10.2 177.21307(4) 22.28(11) 167Er(a,2n)169Yb -16.6 197.95675(4) 35.93 168Er(a,3n)169Yb -24.4 170Er(a,5n)169Yb -37.7 166Yb 56.7 e (100) 82.29(2) 15.552 162Er(a,g)166Yb -2.3 164Er(a,2n)166Yb -18.1 166Er(a,4n)166Yb -33.2 167Er(a,5n)166Yb -39.6 168Er(a,6n)166Yb -47.4 173Tm 8.24 b-(100) 398.9(6) 87.9(9) 170Er(a,p)173Tm -8.7 170Tm 128.6 b-(99.87) 84.25474(8) 2.48(6) 167Er(a,d)170Tm -8.4 e (0.13) 168Er(a,d)170Tm -13.9 170Er(a,tn)170Tm -20.9 168Tm 93.1 b-(0.01) 184.295(2) 18.15(16) 166Er(a,d)168Tm -14.3 e (99.99) 198.251(2) 54.49(16) 167Er(a,t)168Tm -14.5 447.515(3) 23.98(11) 168Er(a,tn)168Tm -22.3 815.989(5) 50.95(16) 170Er(a,t3n)168Tm -35.5 167Tm 9.25 e (100) 207.801(5) 42(8) 164Er(a,p)167Tm -8.3 166Er(a,dn)167Tm -21.2 167Er(a,tn)167Tm -21.3 168Er(a,t2n)167Tm -29.1 170Er(a,t4n)167Tm -42.4 166gTm 7.70 e (100) 184.405(25) 16.2(10) 164Er(a,d)166Tm -14.8 705.333(20) 11.1(7) 166Er(a,tn)166Tm -23.6 778.814(15) 19.1(12) 167Er(a,t2n)166Tm -27.6 785.904(15) 10.0(6) 168Er(a,t3n)166Tm -37.8 1273.540(16) 15.0(9) 2052.36(3) 17.4(11) 165Tm 30.06 e (100) 242.917(7) 35.5(17) 162Er(a,p)165Tm -8.3 297.369(6) 12.7(6) 164Er(a,t)165Tm -15.5 166Er(a,t2n)165Tm -30.7 167Er(a,t3n)165Tm -37.1 168Er(a,t4n)165Tm -44.9

3.2.4 t 8.5–29.0% mQ H t L0.2–27.7%M

L1%M L1%M L5%M L6%M L< 19%ML3%M 2 。 m H

26

4.

4.1 169Tm

169Yb mQ 169,170,171,172Lu 167,168,170Tm Ht m 2 H V a

mt n t V H mV r H t

b t n 、k H e 4-1V 4-8 t 9 aH

27

3 M 978 L 3105

2 0 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 .1

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 6

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 66 6 6 66 6 6 6

6 6 6 6

28

4.1.1 169Yb£¢

169Yb�T1/2 = 32.018 Ä�$�Éxf46Ð#ZK¡�±�isomeric state�2�� èh�a2�v 1�$ 3Gr��v 2�$ 1Gr·��.�ZK¡�± ÔX�/#!�Ó �a o��/��#�*�qT#£¢µØ¤$d½�±�ZK¡�±#ç¤¶� ��/�(��ÖÊP�$�Z 169Lu�T1/2 = 34.06 �a��-#eÜ ¬��/�4.1.3.1¥��0�qT�� 4-3�2Þ�/��169Lu #eÜ2��O��qT�Ãá£¢µØ¤�individual cross section (ind) �2Â��µØ¤#��!$ 177.21 keV�Ig = 22.28%�#8FB§2Þ�� 4-1 !�� 169Yb #µØ¤2 169Lu #eÜ c(0�¶�ç¤µØ¤�cumulative cross section (cum)��eÜ2��O��ind�l!��

50.7 MeV(�#qT�$�?�:I·2��$�� V�#qT$�¦�tk,.+²��¶2�.�TENDL-2017$�vqT�Ì\��U�ÎR��/qT� ��}!��#ÊP!��/ 169Yb#£¢!$ 169Lu#eÜ ²��ß��/�� 1��

� 4-1 169Tm(a,x)169YbÊPµØ¤#qT�¦�tki& TENDL-2017#Ì\

0 200 400 600 800

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

30 35 40 45 50 55

169Tm(α,x)169Yb

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

Energy (MeV)

Mohan Rao 1992TENDL-2017This work (ind) #1This work (ind) #2This work (cum) #1This work (cum) #2

29

4.1.2 169Yb£¢å 4.1.1¥�j*�µØ¤2w!��£¢å2�4-2!��ª�È!$ SRIM code2Þ��50.7 MeV(�£¢å#N��/ physical yield(Otuka and Sándor Takács, 2015)2��

� 4-2 169Tm(a,x)169YbÊPµØ¤#�vqT!,/£¢å

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Physical Yield of 169YbPh

ysic

al y

ield

(kBq

/µAh

)

Particle energy (MeV)

169Tm+α(ind)169Tm+α(cum)

30

4.1.3 Ñ£¢Ò#£¢ 169Tm '#4E@3ã�Å�ÊP!��169Yb #!�WÂ-0�Ñ£¢Ò��

169,170,171,172Lui& 167,168,170Tm �/��0�0#£¢µØ¤2HQ!��

4.1.3.1 169Lu£¢ 4.1.1�gê��º.�169Lu�T1/2 = 34.06 �a�$ 169Yb£¢!�ß Ú^2³£¢Z��/��#��$�Ñ£¢Ò��/ 169Lu�#+##µØ¤!��gê2��

960.62 keV�Ig = 23.4%�#8FB§2Þ�� 169Lu#£¢µØ¤2� 4-3!�� V�#�vqT#?�:I·$�¦�tk�Y"N¸�/qT� �� ?�:I·!��/µØ¤ ¦�tk2200 mb�-500 mb¾À�W/qT� ��TENDL-2017$�©�#�vqT!°��?�:I· »�Õ!K / �V�#�vqT�?�:�#�²¶ Y"N¸�/qT� ��

� 4-3 169Tm(a,4n)169LuÊPµØ¤#qT�¦�tki& TENDL-2017#Ì\

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

30 35 40 45 50 55

169Tm(α,4n)169Lu

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

Energy (MeV)

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4.2.2 169Yb'ĂĀů 169

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`ŦŒ�

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http://nucleardata.nuclear.lu.se/toi/.

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