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비뇨기 초음파 표준영상 및 급여기준 대구 21세기 내과 신이철

비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

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Page 1: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

비뇨기초음파표준영상및급여기준

대구 21세기 내과

신 이 철

Page 2: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Contents

• 급여 기준과 분류, 판독 소견서

• Kidney, Ureter• Anatomy• Scanning method• Standard scan• Normal variant• Common disease

• Adrenal gland• Anatomy• Scanning method

• Bladder • Anatomy• Scanning method• Standard scan

Page 3: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

급여기준과 분류

1. 언제 비뇨기계 초음파를 시행 하는가?

진료의사의 의학적 판단에 따라 충수·소장·대장·서혜부·직장·항문,

신장·부신·방광에 질환이 있거나 의심되어 해부학적

구조 이상을 진단하거나 경과관찰하기 위 하여의사가직접시행한 경우건강보험 적용됨.

2. 비뇨기계 초음파의 대상 장기(신장, 부신, 방광) 의 영상을 획득하고영상과 판독지를 작성, 보관 하여야함

3. 시행시기 : 2019년 2월 1일 부터 시행함

Page 4: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

초음파검사 코드 및 산정기준

구분 EDI코드

기본

초음파

단순초음파(Ⅰ) EB401

단순초음파(Ⅱ) EB402

진단 초음파

신장·부신·방광 EB448

신장·부신 EB449

방광 EB450

제한적 초음파

신장·부신·방광 EB448001

신장·부신 EB449001

방광 EB450001

Page 5: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

초음파검사 코드 및 산정기준

Page 6: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

초음파검사 코드 및 산정기준• 진료의사의 의학적 판단에 따라 비뇨기 질환의 진단 혹은

경과관찰시 아래와 같이 인정하고 이를 초과하는 경우본인부담 율80%

• 신장 또는 소장 이식 전·후 상태 평가, 신장 또는 부신 종양의상태 확인, 혈관기형이 있거나 출혈이 의심되어 도플러검사를시행하는 경우 산정 가능하며 소정점수의 10% 가산(산정코드두 번째 자리에 1로 기재)함(예) EB449010 100% 청구

• 30일 이내 비뇨기 초음파 검사를 반복하는 경우 다른 질병이라도 동일 episode 로 간주.

• 동일부위 동일상병이라도 증상변화, 치료 후 재발 등 의학적판단에 따라 별개 에피소드 가능

Page 7: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

초음파검사 코드 및 산정기준

• 본인 희망에 의하여 건강검진으로 시행한 초음파검사에서 질환이 진단된

경우 급여 대상인가?

진료의사가 질환이 있거나 의심하여 초음파검사를 시행한 것이 아니고,

환자의 희망에 의하여 시행한 건강검진이므로 비급여임.

• 경과관찰이 필요한 복합 신낭종은 Bosniak classification ⅡF와 환자의상태(

고령, 단일신장 등)로 인하여 수술을 시행하지 못하고 경과 관찰하는

Bosniak classification Ⅲ, Ⅳ를 의미함.

• 장기별*초음파검사 급여기준에서 정하는 연 단위 경과관찰자 횟수적용 기준-

회계연도 기준으로 매년 1월 1일부터 12월 31일까지로 함.

Page 8: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

비뇨기 초음파 판독소견서

Page 9: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Scanning Method

position of patient -

supine or decubitus

2-5 MHz convex probe

NPO or not

Patient assistance :

patient take in a deep

breath Kidney is located behind, sometimes posterior approach will be effective

Page 10: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Scanning Method

cranial medial to caudal lateralcranial dorsal to caudal ventral

Page 11: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Scanning Method

cranial caudal

liver

Rt. Lt.

spleen

Page 12: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Fanning Method

Page 13: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

신장 및 부신 표준영상

• 신문(renal hilum)을 포함하는 좌·우신 각각의 관상면 스캔

• 좌·우신 각각의 상부 / 중간부 / 하부 횡스캔※ 부신 종괴가 있는 경우 종괴를 포함한 스캔

• 중간부 횡단면 영상에서 신우의 늘어난정도를 확인한다

• 간과 비장 등 주변 장기와 신실질의 음영을 비교하고 신장및 신장 주위의 이상 소견 여부를 확인해야 한다.

Page 14: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Right Kidney Left Kidney

Page 15: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Transverse scan at Upper pole

Page 16: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Transverse scan at Hilum

Page 17: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Transverse scan at Lower pole

Page 18: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Anatomy of Kidney, Ureter무게 : 120~150g

크기 : 장경 9~12cm(Lt>Rt) 단경 4~5cm

좌우 2cm이상차이, 9cm보다작으면이상male : female = 10-14 cm : 9-13 cm

> 10 cm: normal< 9 cm: abnormal

Position : T11~L3, 후복막장기Rt가 Lt보다 약간 아래

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=805VoHIIQCs or http://osms.it/more.

Page 20: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Anatomy of Kidney, Ureter

Liver

Colon

IVC Aorta

Celiac axisSMA

Colon Small bowel

Pancreas

SpleenAdrenal

Adrenal

Small bowel

Duodenum

Page 21: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Anatomy of Kidney, Ureter

Cortex

Medulla(renal pyramid)

Page 22: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Anatomy of Kidney, Ureter

Renal column

Renal papilla

Renal lobe

Page 23: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Anatomy of Kidney, Ureter

Page 24: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Anatomy of Kidney, Ureter

interlobar

segmental

Page 25: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

US Anatomy of Kidney

Renal Medulla (수질)

Renal Cortex (피질)

Renal Column (신주)

Page 26: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Anatomy of Kidney, Ureter

Central echo complex <Renal parenchyme >

Renal cortex thickness

Renal medulla thickness

Parenchymal thickness (renal capsule~outer margin of renal sinus) polar region 3~3.5cm, interpolar region 2~2.5cmIf minimum thickness <1cm & length <9cm → Irreversible pathologic change

Page 27: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Renal artery & Vein

• RRA : usually passes posterior to IVC• LRA : usually course posterior to Lt renal vein• Multiple renal artieres in 25%

Page 28: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Anatomy of Kidney, Ureter

www.ultrasoundpaedia.com

Page 29: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Transeverse scan of Rt kidney

ureter

Renal sinus

Renal a.Renal v.

Page 30: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Echogenecity of Kidney

Anatomy of the Kidney Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. Fenton, Robert A.; Praetorius, Jeppe. Published January 1, 2016. Pages 42-82.e8. © 2016.

• kidney < liver/spleen (normal adult)

• kidney = liver/spleen (normal neonate)

• kidney > liver/spleen (parenchymal disease)

Platt JF, et al. AJR 1988

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Resistive Index (RI)- (S-D)/S- interlobar a, arcuate a- upper, inter, lower poles- normal < 0.7- variables:

age, sample location, PR, BP, compression

interlobar a.

Spectral Doppler – Resistive Index(RI)

Page 32: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Contents

DM obstruction

RAS Rejection

RI increase RI increase

Pulsus tardus RI increase

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What shall we do if we detect renal pathology on USG?

Simple cyst vs complicated cyst

Focal renal mass vs Pseudo mass

Hydronephrosis or Not?

Page 34: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Simple renal cyst

① Anechoic② Sharply defined, smooth wall③ Post acoustic enhancemet④ No doppler signal, round or oval shape

Page 35: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Renal cysts, Complex Renal cysts

• Prevalence: 10 %

• 5~10% cysts are not simple cysts

• 5~10% of complex cysts prove to be tumor

• 2 main causes: complicated simple cyst & cystic RCC

• Characteristic-Wall thickening,

Septation & nodularity

calcification

Enhancement

Page 36: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Complex renal cyst

Page 37: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Bosniak Classification

Septa enhancement Septa morphology Calcification

II No enhancement A few hairline Fine/short segment

IIF No enhancement Multiple hairline Thick and nodular

III Measurable enhancement Thickened

IV Distinct enhancing soft tissue components independent of septa

I & II : >3cm, periodic fu for 2~3yrsIIF & indeterminate III : 3,6,12mo and annually fu by CTIV & definite III : surgery

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Pseudo-tumors andnormal variations in the kidney

• Prominent column of Bertin

• Dromedary hump

• Fetal lobulation

• Localized compensatory hypertrophy of renal parenchyma

• Junctional parenchymal defect

• Sinus lipomatosis and abnormal echo of sinus fat

Page 39: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Column of Bertin Hypertrophy• common pseudotumor

• thickened aggregate of cortical tissue

• junction of the upper and middle thirds

• No deformity of adjacent calyces

• CDUS is helpful in DDx from true tumor

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Dromedary hump

• Focal buldge on the lat margin of LK• Adaptation of kidney to the spleen/liver• Normal vascularity/ preserved calyx

Page 41: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Persistent Fetal lobulation

① Fecal kidney subdivided into lobe(#14,4M), fusion(7M)

② Incomplete fusion of developing renal lobules③ Renal surface indentations btw the pyramids/regular

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Junctional Parenchymal Defect

① 신장 발생시 parenchymal mass의 불완전한fusion으로 발생

② Extension of renal sinus fat③ Upp pole of RK > low pole of LK④ Echogenic triangular or linear shape⑤ DDx : AML, renal parenchymal scar

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Hydronephrosis?

Parapelvic cyst Hydronephrosis due to UPJ stone

Page 44: 비뇨기초음파표준영상 및급여기준imedimp4.castcity.net/kacu/20190609/ba12/05.pdf · 2019-07-18 · Hydronephrosis Grade 0 : Normal Grade 1: mild dilatation of pelvis

Hydronephrosis

• pelvocaliceal dilatation

• splitting of renal sinus

• increased parenchymal echo in advanced stage

• enlarged kidney

• acute obstruction

• RI > 0.7

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Parapelvic cyst, Extrarenal PelvisParapelvic cyst : Lymphatic ectasia, multiple, septated

Renal sinus

no communication with collecting system

Extrarenal pelvis : Normal variant

Renal pelvis location outside the renal hilumBox shapedNo calyceal dilatation

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HydronephrosisGrade 0 : NormalGrade 1 : mild dilatation of pelvisGrade 2 : mod dilatation of pelvisGrade 3 : dilatation of pelvis and calycesGrade 4 : Gr 3+ renal parenchymal thickness <50% of normal

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Angiomyolipoma• m/c benign tumor, Hamartoma(fat, smooth ms, vessels)

• USG : round/oval well demarcated, hyperechoic>isoechoic

• Size<3cm, discrete round high reflective mass

• 1/3 acoustic shadowing

• Spontaneous hemorrhage >4cm

• Ddx : small bright RCC(% fat-low, irregular echo)

- hypoechoic rim, intralesional cysts, calcification

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Renal Cell Carcinoma• Solid tumor, distort normal architecure

• Variable appearance : solid, cystic, complex

• Hyperechoic(48%), isoechoic(42%),

hypoechoic(10%)

• <3cm : usually hyperechoic, simulate AML

• >3cm : hypoechoic, exophytic with anechoic

necrotic area

• Hypoechoic rim : pseudocapsule

• Color doppler : most prominent around tumor

periphery

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RCC

AML

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Adrenal gland

Rt. Adrenal gland Lt. Adrenal gland

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Adrenal Gland

• Located retroperitoneum• Rt : suprarenal, posterior to IVC, medial to RL : 90%

• Lt : suprareanal, lat to aorta, posterior to pancreas and splenic vessels : 40-50%

• Shape• V, Y or λ (우측:삼각형, 좌측:반월형)• Central hyperechoic line(medulla), surrounded by hypoechoic

layers(cortex)

• Size• Thickness : 0.3~0.6mm• Length : 4~6cm• Width : 2~3cm• 주위에 지방조직이 둘러싸고 있어 정확한 크기측정이 어렵다

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Cyst

Adenoma

Pheochromocytoma

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Anatomy of Bladder

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Preparation for Bladder US

1. Transducer: 3.5~5 MHz convex probe with color doppler

2. 2Hrs prior to the appointment, empty their bladder

3. Over the next hour, they should drink at least 1 Liter of water

4. Do not go to the toilet until test ends

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Bladder wall

Consists of 4 layer- Mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, serosa

Wall thickness – measured at ant wall of bladder with High frequency probe

<3mm – fully distended state<5mm – not fully distended state

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Scanning of Bladder

• 소변으로 방광이 충만한 상태에서 검사

1. 방광의 위쪽, 중간부위, 경부의 횡단면 스캔

2. 방광 중간부위의 시상면을 스캔

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Transverse scan of Bladder(Upper& Mid)

한국 초음파의학회 실행가이드라인

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Transverse scan(lower) & Sagital scan

한국 초음파의학회 실행가이드라인

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Urine Jet

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Contents

김일봉 원장님 증례

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비뇨기초음파표준영상

대한임상초음파학회 김대현 이사 slide