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EES-90/2010

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Fatores Humanos

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Características Físicas

Ergonomia

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Características Individuais

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Características motivacionais de self-actualizing people (Maslow, 1954):

- Problem centeredness- Able to perceive reality and maintain comfortable relation with it- Unthreatened by the unknown- Tolerant of ambiguity and lack of structure- Creative- Possess philosophical, nonhostile sense of humor- Resolver of dichotomies (reason x instinct, head x heart, etc...)- Reluctant to enculturation- Conscious of own imperfections

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Características Coletivas

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McGregor, 1957, Theory X: ... “the average man is by nature indolent – he works as little as possible, .. lacks ambition, dislikes responsability, prefers to be led, ... is inherently self-centered, indifferent to organizational needs,... is by nature resistant to change...”

People must be directed, ordered, controlled in their actions, punished.

Stringent procedures and control.

Passive work behavior, responsability avoidance and lack of initiative.

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Ulich, Baitsch & Alioth, 1987, Theory Y: ...“people are not by nature, passive of resistant to organizational needs..., the motivation, the potential for development, the capacity for assuming responsibility, the readiness to direct behavior toward organizational goals are all present in people...”

Self-control, Self direction

Improves margin of action and enables more commitment to work.

Enhances readiness for taking responsibility

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Abraham Maslow, 1970:First, human needs are never completely satisfied. Second, human behavior is purposeful and is motivated by need satisfaction. Third, these needs can be classified according to a hierarchical structure of importance:

1. Physiological needs 2. Safety needs 3. Belongingness and love needs 4. The esteem needs – self-confidence 5. The need for self-actualization – the need to reach your full potential

1980s, William Ouchi: Teoria Z, 1980 Man has a will. He is disposed toward good and evil. Situation guides man. Reason motivates him. Interdependence is man's primary mode of discourse. Interaction is man's social unit of importance."Objective" best and succinctly describes man's concept of man.

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EES-90/2010

Dirty-hands philosophy

Wernher von Braun, 1964, hearing at the U.S. House of Representatives:

“... a good engineer gets stale very fast if he does not keep his handsdirty ... it is for this reason that we are spending about 10 percent of our money in-house; it enables us to really talk competently about what we are doing. This is the only way known to us to retain professional respect on the part of the contractors”.

motivation + knowledge base

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Palavras Finais

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KAMATA, E.S. – Influence of Psychological Factors on Product Development. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

“ I hope that my engineering colleagues have thus become acquainted with some of the limitation of our art or, in other words: why technology alone is not enough. Moreover, the need is, emphasizd here to incorporate humanities effectivelyu into engineering training... Certain engineering schools, such as M.I.T., ETHZ and ITA do so as a didactical concept....”

EES-90/2010

Muito Obrigado!