EKONOMI REKAYASAPERTEMUAN 1

PENDAHULUAN & NPV

Oleh :Arwan ApriyonoP. Setyo Nugroho

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL JURUSAN TEKNIK FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNIK UNSOED

TAHUN 2011

Lay Out Presentasi1. Pengertian ekonomi teknik2. Formula/Rumus3. Tingkat bunga4. NPW

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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Menyewa/Membeli?

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Metode Pengambilan Keputusan- NPV/NPW- ROR/IRR

- B/C

Pengetahuan Dasar

-Nilai uang (PV, FV, AV)-Suku bunga (Rerata , Majemuk)-Cost and Benefit-Cast flow diagram

Infuence Factor-Inflasi & Deflasi-Pajak-Depreciation

FinansialDecision Making

Materi :1.Pendahuluan dan NPW2.Analisis investasi ROR/IRR3.Analisis investasi B/C4.Inflasi & Deflasi5.Pajak6.Depreciation/Penurunan nilai7.Replacement Analysis

 Referensi :

8. Donald G Newnan et al, 2004, Engineering Economic Analysis, Oxford University Press, Newyork

9. Abol Ardalan, 2000, Economic & Financial Anaysis for Engineering & Project Management, Technomic Publishing Company Book, Pennsylvania

10.Perry Beaumon, 2004, Financial Engineering Principle, Wiley, New Jersey

11.Chan S Park, Fundamental of Engineering Economics, Pearson Education Inc, New Jersey

12.Peter Cassimatis, 1992, Introduction to Engineering Economic, Taylor & Francir Routledge, London

RENCANA KULIAH

MESTI BANYAK EXERCISE.

MARR = Minimum Attractive Rate of Return

MANFAAT-----------

EUAW : Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth

P/F : mencari nilai P dari nilai F; jadi nilai F sudah diketahuiA/F : mencari nilai A dari nilai F; jadi nilai F sudah diketahui

Langkah perhitungan

1. Tuliskan yang diketahui2. Gambarkan dalam bentuk diagram3. Hitung yang ditanyakan

Latihan (15’)1. Berapa uang harus diinvestasikan untuk

mendapatkan 750.000 selama waktu 3 tahun dengan bunga majemuk 10% per tahun ?

2. Berapa yang harus disimpan di bank untuk mendapatkan 15.500.000 selama 2 tahun pada bunga majemuk 1,5 % per bulan ?

No. 1F = 750.00000n = 3 tahunI = 10 %P = F(F/P, i, n) = 750.000(F/P, 0.1, 3) = 563.486

No. 2

F = 15.500.000n = 2 tahun = 24 bulani = 1.5 %P = F(F/P, i, n) = 15.500.000(F/P, 0.015 , 24) =

10.842.930,75

Contoh :Suatu lembaga pembiayaan dalam iklannya menyatakan bahwa bunga pinjaman bunga nominal 12% setahun (sebesar 1% sebulan, dihitung per bulan karena pembayaran biasanya tiap bulan) Berapa sebetulnya bunga efektif dalam setahun?I efektif = (1+0,12/12)12 - 1 =

Bunga efektif selalu lebih besar daripada bunga nominal

Dalam perhitungan ekonomi teknik, jika tanpa penjelasan maka bunga yang dimaksud adalah bunga nominal, bukan bunga efektif.Jika dinyatakan bahwa bunga setahun 36%, maka 36% adalah bunga nominal dalam setahun, sehingga bunga dalam sebulan adalah3%

INTRODUCTION

Prinsip dasarMetode

Pengambilan Keputusan

Menghitung total biaya dan manfaat yang dihasilkan dari

suatu kasus/proyek.

NPV/NPW

NET PRESENT VALUE / NET PRESENT WORTH

The net difference of the present benefits and costs

NPV = PV of Benefit – PV of cost

Alternatif yang paling baik adalah yang memiliki NPV terbesar

NPV/NPW

Example

A car leasing company buys a car from a wholesaler for $24,000 and leases it to a customer for four years at $5,000 per year. Since the maintenance is not included in the lease, the leasing company has to spend $400 per year in servicing the car. At the end of the four years, the leasing company takes back the car and sells it to a secondhand car dealer for$15,000. Calculate the NPV for the case if we will not consider tax, inflation, and depreciation (interest of rate 10%)?

NPV/NPW

ANALYSIS

Step 1 : Making cost flow diagram

NPV/NPW

ANALYSIS

Step 2 : Calculate PV of Cost and Benefit

PV of cost = $24000

PV of Benf = A(P/A, i, n) + F(P/F, i, n)

= 4600 * ((1+0.1)3 – 1)/(0.1(1+0.1)3)

+ 19600*(1+0.1)-4

= 11439,52 + 13387,1

= $24826,62

NPV/NPW

ANALYSIS

Step 3 : Calculate NPV

Total Cost = 24,000

Total Benefit = 11439.52 + 13387.1 = 24826.62

Net Worth of the Project = 826.62

NPV/NPW

ANALYSIS

Step 3 : Calculate NPV

Total Cost = 24,000

Total Benefit = 11439.52 + 13387.1 = 24826.62

Net Worth of the Project = 826.62

NPV/NPW

CONTOH SOAL

Suppose the leasing company of Example 2.1 has to

choose between the following two projects:

1. Lease the car exactly as the case in Example 2.1 which

had a net present worth of $826.62

2. Buy a car at $40,000, lease it for two years at $12,000

per year with no maintenance cost, and sell it

for $24,000 at the end of two years.

NPV/NPW

ANALYSIS

Step 1 : Making cost flow diagram

36000

16000

NPV/NPW

ANALYSIS

= -40000 + 12000 (P/A, 10,3) - 16000 (P/F,10,2) + 36000

(P/F,10,4)

= -40000 + 12000 (2.487) -16000 (0.8264) + 36000 (0.6830)

= 1,209.6

Since project 2 has a higher NPW, it would be the

project to choose

NPW makin besar, makin baik untuk investasi.

Task 1. (due date 24 Oct 2011)diketik diprint pada kertas A4, diberi cover tugas 1 ekonomi rekayasa

1-In a housing project the following sequence of events occurs.At the start of the project (time zero), land is bought at $1,000,000Two months later, $100,000 is paid to the architect for preparing the

designIn month 4, construction is started and the cost of construction (labor and material) is $ 150,000 per month. Every month, one house is built (a total of 12 houses); the first one is ready for sale in month 6. During every month starting from month 8, one house is sold for a price of $ 250,000 each. After all of the houses are built and before all are sold, the cost of maintaining the site is $10,000 per month.Draw the cash flow diagram.

2-Mr. Shop purchases a pizza shop for $120,000. Its operation will result in a net income of $15,000/Yr for the first year, increasing by $2,000 each year after year 1. At the end of the fifth year, the shop is sold for $155,000. Draw the cash flow diagram for this project.

3-A credit card company announces that its interest rate is 1.5% per month.

What is the corresponding effective annual interest rate?