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El ciclo del agua II: Proyecto innovador de Biometano usando
Tecnología de Microalgas
Raúl Muñoz (mutora @iq.uva.es)Instituto de Procesos Sostenibles
Valladolid University
The biogas upgrading market
(IEA Bioenergy 2018)
Today….
Physical/Chemical CO2 removal Technologies
(Bauer et al. 2013)
Physical/Chemical CO2 removal Technologies
0.4-0.51 kWh Nm-3
0.55 kWh Nm-3
(Bauer et al. 2013)
Energy demand: 3-12 % energy content of Biogas
Technology Niche
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading
Microalgae recycling
Upgraded biogas
Raw biogas
Nutrient solution HRAP Sedimentation
tank
Ab
sorp
tio
n
colu
mn
▪ Photosynthetic fixation of CO2 as algalbiomass→ Valorization
CO2 + H2O + Light→ O2 + microalgae
▪ Free nutrient source: Digestate
▪ Simultaneous removal of H2S
▪ [CH4] > 95 %
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading
CH4 > 95 %, CO2 < 1 %, N2 < 3%, O2< 0.5 %
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading
Microalgae recycling
Upgraded biogas
Raw biogas
Nutrient solution HRAP Sedimentation
tank
Ab
sorp
tio
n
colu
mn
LG
Key operational parameter: Recycling Liquid/Biogas ratio
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading
LG
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading
CO2 content (%) in the upgraded biogas with the control system(green) and without control system (blue) under biogas flow rateperturbation (red)
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading
Microalgae recycling
Upgraded biogas
Raw biogas
Nutrient solution HRAP Sedimentation
tank
Ab
sorp
tio
n
colu
mn
▪ The high pH value→ High H2S masstransfer
▪ RE-H2S > 99 %
N = 600-4000 mg/LP = 100-500 mg/L
[Microalgae]=7-50 g/L
Digestate
Low PhotosyntheticEfficiency↓↓
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading & Nutrient Recovery
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading & Nutrient Recovery
Removal Recovery as Algal Biomass
Biomass productivity (g m-2 d-1)Biomass productivity (g m-2 d-1)
Tota
l Nit
roge
nR
emo
val(
%)
Tota
l Ph
osp
ho
rou
sR
emo
val(
%)
Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading & Nutrient Recovery
Technology Scale-up
120 L
180 L
32 m2
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Preliminary Sustainability Analysis
REFERENCE FLOW RATE: 300 Nm3/h
Preliminary Sustainability Analysis
Activated Carbon + Water Scrubber Photosynthetic Biogas UpgradingVersus
Table S1. Investment costs of a ACF-WS for the upgrading of 300 Nm3 h-1 of biogas
Cost Units Total cost (€) References
Land 100 € m-2 10 000 INE, 2015
Activated
carbon filter 129 € (Nm3/h)-1
treated biogas 38 766 Xiao et al. (2008)
Water scrubber 3500 € (Nm3/h)-1treated biogas 1 050 000
SGC Rapport
2013:270
Table S2. Investment costs of the HRAP-AC for the upgrading of 300 Nm3 h-1 of biogas Cost Units Total costs (€) References
Land 10 127 € ha-1 188 712 MAGRAMA, 2014
HRAP
construction 26 616 € ha-1 356 382
Craggs et al., 2012;
Lundiquist et al., 2010
Paddlewheel
stations 35 400 € ha-1 474 006 Craggs et al., 2012;
Screw press 86 000 € unit-1 86 000 HUBER Technology,
Germany
Solar dryer 325 000 € unit-1 650 000 HUBER Technology,
Germany
AC 3 980 € unit-1 51 745 Delf Grupo España S.L.
Gas diffusers 250 € (10 units)-1 3 250 Xylem Inc.
Preliminary Sustainability Analysis
HRAP-AC ACF-WS0.0
0.2
0.4
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
b)
HRAP-AC ACF-WS0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
En
ergy
(KW
-h (
Nm
3)-1
treate
d b
iogas)
La
nd
(m2 (
Nm
3/h
)-1
treate
d b
iogas)
a)
HRAP-AC ACF-WS0.0
0.2
0.4
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
b)
HRAP-AC ACF-WS0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
En
ergy
(KW
-h (
Nm
3)-1
treate
d b
iogas)
La
nd
(m2 (
Nm
3/h
)-1
treate
d b
iogas)
a)
Land Requirements Energy Consumption
Preliminary Sustainability AnalysisHRAP-AC ACF-WS
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
a)
b)
I
nv
estm
ent
cost
(€ (
Nm
3/h
)-1
trea
ted
bio
ga
s)
HRAP-AC ACF-WS0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
O
per
ati
ng
co
sts
(€ (
Nm
3)-1
trea
ted
bio
ga
s)
Investment costs associated to theproduction of dry algal fertilizer
Take home Message
Biogas Upgrading market dominated by physical/chemicalTechnologies→ High Operating Cost & Environmental Impact
✓ Algal-Bacterial Processes have shown a similar CO2 and H2Sremovals & high robustness but at:
▪ Lower operating costs and environmental impacts▪ No need for previous removal of particles/H2O/siloxanes▪ Tested at pilot scale▪ Use of residual nutrients from digestate
✓ Photosynthetic upgrading allows for a simultaneous H2S & CO2
removal and Nutrient Recovery from Digestates as algal-biofertilizer
University of Valladolid
Institute of Sustainable Processes
Follow us Twitter: @VOC_Odours
Visit our Facebook site: facebook.com/VocOdoursGroup
Contact e-mail: [email protected]
http://www.ips.uva.es/
Muñoz R*, Meier L., Diaz I, Jeison D (2015) A critical review on the state-of-the-art ofphysical/chemical and biological technologies for an integral biogas upgrading. Reviews inEnvironmental Science and Bio/Technology