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EL PROCESO DE ENVEJECIMIENTO
EVOLUCIÓN DE LA CAPACIDAD FUNCIONAL PROCESO VITAL
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“ EL DRAMA” DEL ENVEJECIMIENTO
“EL DRAMA DEL ENVEJECIMIENTO SE DESARROLLA EN LA PROFUNDIDAD DE NUESTROS ÓRGANOS, EN LA INTIMIDAD DE NUESTRAS CÉLULAS, EN LA EXPRESIÓN DE NUESTROS GENES; ES UN RUIDO DE FONDO QUE, COMO UN PARÁSITO, INTERFIERE EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE NUESTRO ORGANISMO Y LO CONDUCE LENTAMENTE A LA DECADENCIA” de ROSNAY Y OTROS: UNA VIDA EXTRA.ANAGRAMA.2006
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PRIMER ACTO
“EL ENEMIGO OCULTO”
METABOLISMO AERÓBICO
EL OXÍGENO
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SEGUNDO ACTO
“ EL ATAQUE : LUGAR DE LA ACCIÓN”
FÁBRICA DE ENERGÍA CELULAR: MITOCONDRIA
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TERCER ACTO
“DESENLACE: OXIDACIÓN CELULAR POR RADICALES LIBRES”
ENVEJECEMOS PORQUE NOS OXIDAMOS” (JAIME MIQUEL)
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OXIDACIÓN CELULAR, RADICALES LIBRES Y STRESS OXIDATIVO
ANTIOXIDANTES
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EQUILIBRIO OXIDACIÓN-ANTIOXIDACIÓN
LA PREVENCIÓN DE ENFERMEDADES Y DEL ENVEJECIMIENTO PREMATURO ESTÁ LIGADO A LA CONSECUCIÓN DE ESTE EQUILIBRIO
CALIDAD DE VIDA
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CALIDAD DE VIDA FACTORES INFLUYENTES
Th
Elementos objetivos y subjetivos en la calidad de vida
Factores personales y socio-ambientales
Fuente: Calidad de vida en la vejez en distintos contextos (Fernández-Ballesteros, 1996)
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El Ibex 35 se repliega y pierde lo ganado
El Ibex 35 se repliega y pierde lo ganado
El Ibex 35 se repliega y pierde lo ganado
EL ECONOMISTA.ES
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“PRIMA DE RIESGO SEGÚN DESARROLLO HUMANO”
COMPARACIÓN ALEMANIA-ESPAÑA
PAÍS Nº I.D.H. ESP. VIDA AL NACER
AÑOS ESCOLARIZACIÓN
AÑOS ESP.ESCOLARIZACIÓN
I.N.B.. PER CÁPITA*
I.N.B-I.N.H
I.D.H. NO INGRESOS
ALEMANIA 9 0.905 80.4 12.2 15.9 34.854 8 0.940 ESPAÑA 23 0.878 81.4 10.4 16.6 26.508 6 0.920
COMPARACIÓN ESPAÑA-ALEMANIA
PRIMA DE RIESGO :480
0.020 0.027
*El valor de todos los bienes y servicios producidos por los residentes de un país durante un año
CLAVE PARA LA CONSECUCIÓN DE LONGEVIDAD SALUDABLE
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GESTIÓN DE LOS CAPITALES RECIBIDOS Y ADQUIRIDOS
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RECETAS PARA UNA BUENA GESTIÓN
RECORTE GASTOS Y AUMENTO DE LOS INGRESOS
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LOS CAPITALES QUE HAY QUE PRESERVAR
CAPITAL BIOLÓGICO CAPITAL PSICOLÓGICO CAPITAL SOCIAL
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INFLUENCIAS SOBRE LOS CAPITALES
HÁBITOS DE VIDA
75%
EVOLUCIÓN DE CAPITALES DURANTE EL CICLO VITAL CAPITAL BIOLÓGICO: AUMENTA DURANTE LA FASE DE DESARROLLO Y
A PARTIR DE ESTE MOMENTO DECLINA POCO A POCO CAPITAL PSICOLÓGICO: EL NIÑO NACE CON MILES DE MILLONES DE
NEURONAS QUE HAY QUE IR CONECTANDO MEDIANTE LA INTERACCIÓN CON LOS ÁMBITOS SOCIALIZADORES: FAMILIA, ESCUELA E IGUALES.ES UN CAPITAL QUE PUEDE AUMENTARSE Y CONSERVARSE A LO LARGO DEL CICLO VITAL. CAPITAL SOCIAL: SUSCEPTIBLE DE AUMENTARSE CON EL DEVENIR DEL
CICLO VITAL Y DE CONSERVARSE DURANTE TODA LA VIDA
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CALIDAD DE VIDA: PROVISIÓN DE RESERVAS
PROVISIÓN DE RESERVAS FÍSICAS :ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA
ADECUADA Y NUTRICIÓN VARIADA Y EQUILIBRADA. PROVISIÓN DE RESERVA MENTAL: ACTIVIDAD
INTELECTUAL, RESILIENCIA.
PROVISIÓN DE RESERVA SOCIAL: PARTICIPACIÓN.
RESERVA COGNITIVA
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Dr. Alex Kalache Director of the International Centre for Policy on Ageing
ESTRATEGIA PROVISORIA: ACTIVIDAD
Dr. Alex Kalache Director of the International Centre for Policy on Ageing
ESTRATEGIA PROVISORIA: ACTIVIDAD
PROVISIÓN DE RESERVAS FÍSICAS: EJERCICIO FÍSICO
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AUTOESTIMA
“BALANZA SALUDABLE DE PAGOS”. ASPECTOS FÍSICOS
RECORTES SEDENTARISMO. HORAS DE T.V. INGESTA CALÓRICA INGESTA GRASAS
SATURADAS TRANS. ALIMENTOS
PRECOCINADOS
INGRESOS ANDAR REGULARMENTE. TAI CHI- ,YOGA, PILATES DIETA RICA EN
NUTRIENTES ANTIOXIDANTES DIETA EQUILIBRADA:
MEDITERRÁNEA PRODUCTOS FRESCOS.
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PROVISIÓN DE RESERVAS MENTALES: ACTIVIDAD INTELECTUAL
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CONECTIVIDAD NEURONAL
NEURONAS POCO RAMIFICADAS NEURONAS RAMIFICADAS
CASO EXTREMO. ENFERMEDAD ALZHEIMER
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DETERIORO CEREBRAL EXTREMO
DEPÓSITO PROTEINA BETA AMILOIDE Y PÉRDIDA DE CONECTIVIDAD
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GRIFOLS ensayará una vacuna contra el Alzheimer
EUROESPES: Primer estudio clínico con la vacuna MimoVax (AFFITOPE AD03) para la enfermedad de Alzheimer
¡ ÚLTIMAS NOTICIAS!
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MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cortical [(11)C]PiB average (frontal, parietal, lateral temporal, and cingulate regions) and retrospective, self-report scales assessing participation in cognitive activities (eg, reading, writing, and playing games) and physical exercise. RESULTS: Greater participation in cognitively stimulating activities across the lifespan, but particularly in early and middle life, was associated with reduced [(11)C]PiB uptake (P < .001, accounting for age, sex, and years of education). Older participants in the highest cognitive activity tertile had [(11)C]PiB uptake comparable to young controls, whereas those in the lowest cognitive activity tertile had [(11)C]PiB uptake comparable to patients with AD. Although greater cognitive activity was associated with greater physical exercise, exercise was not associated with [(11)C]PiB uptake. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with greater early- and middle- life cognitive activity had lower [(11)C]PiB uptake. The tendency to participate in cognitively stimulating activities is likely related to engagement in a variety of lifestyle practices that have been implicated in other stud ies showing reduced risk of AD-related pathology. We report a direct association between cognitive activity and [(11)C]PiB uptake, suggesting that ifestyle factors found in individuals with high cognitive engagement may prevent or slow deposition of β-amyloid, perhaps influencing the onset and progression of AD.
Association of Lifetime Cognitive Engagement and Low β-Amyloid Deposition. Landau SM, Marks SM, Mormino EC, Rabinovici GD, Oh H, O'Neil JP, Wilson RS, Jagust WJ Mormino, Rabinovici, Oh, and Jagust and Mr Marks) and School of Public Health (Dr Jagust), University of California, Berkeley, and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California (Drs Landau, Rabinovici, O'Neil, and Jagust); Memory and Aging Center and Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Rabinovici); and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Wilson). Archives of Neurology
ALTA OCUPACIÓN COGNITIVA PREVIENE DEPÓSITOS DE BETA AMILOIDE
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JERARQUÍA DE VALORES
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HIPOCAMPO Y MEMORIA
EL HIPOCAMPO PARECE ESTAR INVOLUCRADO EN LA FORMACIÓN DE LA MEMORIA, NO EN SU ALMACENAMIENTO. PARECE TENER UN PAPEL ESENCIAL EN LA FORMACIÓN DE NUEVOS RECUERDOS ASOCIADOS A LA EXPERIENCIA O MEMORIA AUTOBIOGRÁFICA.
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STRESS PSICOLÓGICO
AUMENTO DE CORTISOL. EXCITACIÓN EJE H.H.A
PÉRDIDA DE MEMORIA
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CONEXIÓN CORTISOL EN MAYORES
EN ANCIANOS EL DETERIORO COGNITIVO ES PRODUCIDO TANTO POR LA EXPOSICIÓN A LARGO PLAZO A VALORES DE CORTISOL COMO POR NIVELES ACTUALES ALTOS, CONFIRMANDO LAS HIPÓTESIS DE DETERIORO DE MEMORIA POR EXPOSICIÓN CRÓNICA A ESTAS ELEVADAS TASAS DE GLUCOCORTICOIDES
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SUEÑO Y STRESS EMOCIONAL: MISMOS EFECTOS
LA FALTA DE SUEÑO, AL IGUAL QUE LA TENSIÓN EMOCIONAL INFLUYEN DE LA MISMA MANERA EN EL DETERIORO COGNITIVO CON EFECTOS (ENTRE OTROS) DE PÉRDIDA DE CIERTOS TIPOS DE MEMORIA Y EN LA SALUD EMOCIONAL
“BALANZA SALUDABLE DE PAGOS”. ASPECTOS PSICOLÓGICOS
RECORTES
STRESS PSICOLÓGICO. INGESTA EXCITANTES. HORAS DE T.V.
INGRESOS ACTITUD RESILIENTE
:DISMINUCIÓN STRESS PSICOLÓGICO. AUTOESTIMA. PRÁCTICAS DE REFUERZO
DE LA MEMORIA. ADQUISICIÓN BUENOS
HÁBITOS SUEÑO.
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Given the rapid rate of population aging, basic science and public health efforts have increasingly focused on the determinants of successful cognitive aging. In this chapter, we review the definition and biological, psychological, and environmental determinants of cognitive health in later life. Successful cognitive aging is a multi-dimensional construct that lacks a consensus operationalized definition, and has been variously conceptualized in an ipsative, normative, or criterion-referenced manner. Nevertheless, there are a number of biomarkers, at the genetic and cellular level, that provide indicators of cognitive health in aging. Functional and structural neuroimaging suggest multiple pathways to successful cognitive aging, by way of brain reserve and cognitive reserve. A number of behavioral and environmental interventions, including dietary restriction, physical activity, and cognitive stimulation, are promising avenues for extending the cognitive healthspan associated with normal aging. Thus, there is a variety of recent findings providing optimism that successful cognitive aging, howsoever defined, will be attainable by more older adults in the future.
Successful Cognitive Aging.
Depp CA, Harmell A, Vahia IV Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, San Diego, USA,
-RESTRICCIÓN CALÓRICA -ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA -ESTIMULACIÓN COGNITIVA
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ABSTRACT: Dementia, a major cause of disability and institutionalization in older people, poses a serious threat to public health and to the social and economic development of modern society. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular diseases are the main causes of dementia; most dementia cases are attributable to both vascular and neurodegenerative brain damage. No curative treatment is available, but epidemiological research provides a substantial amount of evidence of modifiable risk and protective factors that can be addressed to prevent or delay onset of AD and dementia. Risk of late-life dementia is determined by exposures to multiple factors experienced over the life course, and the effect of specific risk/protective factors depends largely on age. Moreover, cumulative and combined exposure to different risk/protective factors can modify their effect on dementia/AD risk. Multidisciplinary research involving epidemiology, neuropathology, and neuroimaging has provided sufficient evidence that vascular risk factors significantly contribute to the expression and progression of cognitive decline (including dementia) but that active engagement in social, physical, and mentally stimulating activities may delay the onset of dementia. . However, these findings need to be confirmed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A promising strategy for preventing dementia is to implement intervention programs that take into account both the life-course model and the multifactorial nature of this syndrome. In Europe, there are three ongoing multidomain interventional RCTs that focus on the optimal management of vascular risk factors and vascular diseases. The RCTs include medical and lifestyle interventions and promote social, mental, and physical activities aimed at increasing the cognitive reserve. ………..
Dementia prevention: current epidemiological evidence and future perspective.
Mangialasche F, Kivipelto M, Solomon A, Fratiglioni L Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet (KI)-Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16 (9th floor) SE-113 30, Stockholm, Sweden. [email protected]
ACTIVIDADES ESTIMULANTES SOCIAL, FÍSICA Y MENTALMENTE RETRASAN LA APARICIÓN DE DEMENCIAS
ESTILOS DE VIDA QUE PROMUEVAN ESTAS ACTIVIDADES INCREMENTAN LA RESERVA COGNITIVA
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ACTIVIDADES INTERGENERACIONALES QUE AUMENTAN LA RESERVA COGNITIVA
ACTIVIDADES ESTIMULANTES SOCIAL, FÍSICA Y MENTALMENTE RETRASAN LA APARICIÓN DE DEMENCIAS
ESTILOS DE VIDA QUE PROMUEVAN ESTAS ACTIVIDADES INCREMENTAN LA RESERVA COGNITIVA
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The main objective of this research was to establish the relation between age, cognitive reserve (CR), and attentional and executive functions. One hundred and sixty healthy participants aged 20 to 65 years old completed a wide battery of frontal-lobe tasks using classical tests that assess planning and control of movement, problem solving, and inhibition of automatic response, visuomotor tracking, focused and sustained attention, shifting, spontaneity and reasoning. The total sum of the score in premorbid IQ (by means of the Weschsler Adult Intelligence Scale Vocabulary subtest), educational level, and type of profession was used as a proxy of CR. Subjects were divided into groups of low or high CR. Multiple linear and logistic analyses revealed that age is a predictor of the 20Q Test, Terman Merril's Picture task, Similarities, Digit Span (backward), Trail-Making Tests, Porteus Maze Trace, the "A" Letter Cancellation Test, and reciprocal inhibition. CR is a predictor of the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Trail-Making Tests A and B, Digit Span (forward), and Similarities. In conclusion, a higher CR score is associated with better performance in almost all tests employed . But it has a significant contribution to performance on verbal fluency, behavioral spontaneity, reasoning, divided and complex attention, and working memory functions, which are mainly related to the dorsolateral prefrontal area.
Cognitive reserve, age, and their relation to attentional and executive functions.
Roldán-Tapia L, García J, Cánovas R, León I a Department of Neuroscience , University of Almería , Almería , Spain. Applied neuropsychology
RELACIÓN: RESERVA COGNITIVA Y ACTIVIDADES QUE REQUIEREN ATENCIÓN Y FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS
SIGNIFICATIVA CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA RESERVA COGNITIVA: LENGUAJE FLUIDO, COMPORTAMIENTO ESPONTÁNEO
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ACTIVIDADES INTERGENERACIONALES QUE AUMENTAN LA RESERVA COGNITIVA
RELACIÓN: RESERVA COGNITIVA Y ACTIVIDADES QUE REQUIEREN ATENCIÓN Y FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS
SIGNIFICATIVA CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA RESERVA COGNITIVA: LENGUAJE FLUIDO, COMPORTAMIENTO ESPONTÁNEO
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Growing epidemiological evidence suggests that premorbid participation in cognitive leisure activities (CLA) reduces the risk of dementia by increasing cognitive reserve We investigated the differential effect of CLA, education, and socioeconomic status (SES) on the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Participants of the prospective population-based ILSE study (*1930-1932; 12-year follow-up) were examined at three examination waves (t1:1993/94; t2:1997/98; t3:2005/07). In total, 381 subjects of the original cohort (n=500) were re-examined at t3. Of these subjects 29% received the diagnosis of MCI and 7% of AD. Subjects participated in a thorough psychogeriatric examination and neuropsychological testing. Moreover, they took part in a detailed autobiographical interview and completed questionnaires including socio-demographic data and current frequency of participation in CLA. Subjects who were highly cognitively active at t1 had a significantly reduced risk of developing MCI/AD at t3 (scores adjusted for education, SES, gender, and depressive symptoms). Additionally, high education and high SES separately reduced the risk of MCI and AD Our results confirm the hypothesis that a high level of CLA acts as a protective factor against the development of MCI and AD by increasing cognitive reserve. This effect is not accounted for by important potential confounders.
Cognitive activity, education and socioeconomic status as preventive factors for MCI and Alzheimer's disease.
Sattler C, Toro P, Schönknecht P, Schröder J Psychiatry research
ACTIVIDADES EN EL TIEMPO DE OCIO REDUCEN RIESGO DE DEMENCIA POR INCREMENTO DE LA RESERVA COGNITIVA
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ACTIVIDADES INTERGENERACIONALES QUE AUMENTAN LA RESERVA COGNITIVA
ACTIVIDADES EN EL TIEMPO DE OCIO REDUCEN RIESGO DE DEMENCIA POR INCREMENTO DE LA RESERVA COGNITIVA
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EL PLAN MÁS RENTABLE: INVERTIR EN RESERVA COGNITIVA
PLANES FINANCIEROS DE AHORRO APORTACIONES MENSUALES
PLANES RESERVA COGNITIVA
APORTACIONES DIARIAS DE: -HÁBITOS DE VIDA SALUDABLES. -NO A LA HTA. -ACTIVIDADES ESTIMULANTES EN EL OCIO. - PROMOCIÓN HABILIDAD LINGÜÍSTICA. -EJERCICIOS DE ATENCIÓN. -COMPORTAMIENTO ESPONTÁNEO
-COMPROMISO SOCIAL Y FÍSICO. -EDUCACIÓN PERMANENTE.
