Elektromanyetik Dalga Teorisi - Özet Ders Notları 3

8/10/2019 Elektromanyetik Dalga Teorisi - Özet Ders Notları 3

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/elektromanyetik-dalga-teorisi-oezet-ders-notlari-3 1/36

FNTR-6Heyĵpkĵ Jrtecfe Fûzknc Fekmeker FûŚûh HeyĵpkĵFanknhtrahknrļya ļknthniknr Mrup @ĵzĵMûí vn NinroaFûzknc Fekmekerĵi Fûzknc Rĵiĵrkere Fah MnkaŚa

NknhtrjceiyntahFekme Vnjrasa

www.nncfnrsijtkera. bjc



Heyĵpkĵ Jrtecfe Fûzknc Fekmeker NĚnr dar jrtec aknthni asn (ς ≬<), nknhtrah ekeiĵi verkĵĚĵifei fjkeyĵ 3 .

ehĵcĵ ehebehtĵr. Du furucfe8

Ý 3 + 3 + 3 jkur.

3 / Heyĵpkĵ jrtecĵi hjcpknhs mníarmnikaĚa

3 ‴ o ‴‴

3 ≎ ∷

≨

≯

ļya aknthni

ļya yekĵthei



Heyĵpkĵ Jrtecfe Fûzknc Fekmeker Heyĵpkĵ jrtecfe fekme seyĵsĵ8

3 .

4

+4

. 3<3 3o .

3 + 3 5 +

3 + 3 ‴ 5



FûŚûh HeyĵpkĵFanknhtrahknrFûŚûh heyĵpkĵ darfanknhtrah, aya eibeh cûhnccnk jkceyei dar yekĵtheifĵrvn ‴‴

≯ ‴ vnye ≯5 jkebeh Śnhakfn sĵgĵr jkceyei dar nŚfnĚnr ÷zaknthnikaĚa verfĵr. Du hjŚuk ektĵife tnracain daijc eíĵkĵcĵiĵ uymukerseh8

3 + 3 ‴ 5 4

50

4

≎

4 /

3 ‴ 5 + 50

4/

_eyĵgkece sedata

Gez sedata



FûŚûh HeyĵpkĵFanknhtrahknrFûŚûh heyĵpkĵ dar fanknhtraĚai ÷z ncpnfeisĵ hjcpknhs dar iabnkahtar.

ν 3

3

∔3

5∔

3 5

∔

ν ≎

5 + 4

℧

γ , gez `ĵzĵ jreiĵifei nkfn nfakar

γ 3 ≎ 5

550

4 /



ļya ļknthniknr ‴≯ ‴‴vnye 5 ≯ jkei jrteckerfĵr.

3 + 3 33 5+

4

3 + ≎(5+o) 3 3

ļya aknthniai ÷z ncpnfeisĵ

ν 3 ≎ ∔

3 ∔

3 3 3 ( 5 + )

ν 3 (5 + )



ļya ļknthniknr ļya aknthnifn gez `ĵzĵ

γ 3 ≎ 4 3 6 3 4 /

ļya aknthnifn fekme djyu

θ 34

3γ 3 4

Fnra HekĵikĵĚĵ? ļknrknyni fekmeiĵi mnikaĚaiai∔5 vnye <,270 íerpeiĵ akn ezekfĵĚĵ ζ cnsegnsain aknthniai fnra hekĵikĵĚĵ vnye iûguz fnraikaĚa efĵ vnrakar.

ζ 3 5 3 5 X S

ļya aknthni aíai 3 jkfuĚu aíai

ζ 3 53 θ

4 X S yezĵkedakar.



Gez vn Mrup @ĵzĵ Dakma teŚĵyei dar saiyekai ijrcek jkereh dar yûhsnh teŚĵyĵbĵ grnheis ntregĵife hûíûh dargrnheis yeyĵkcesĵ verfĵr. D÷ykn dar saiyek dar grnheis mruduifei jkuŚur vn dar fekme

pehnta jkuŚturur. Mrup `ĵzĵ, fekme pehnta zergĵiĵi yeyĵkce `ĵzĵfĵr.

Mnikahknra, `ĵzkerĵ vn yeyĵkĵc y÷iknra eyiĵgehet grnheiskerĵ gerhkĵ aha saiûs fekmesĵiĵtjpkeyekĵc?

Raiûskû tnracai grnheisĵ gez, hjsaiûskûtnracai grnheisĵ asn mrup `ĵzĵiĵ dnkarknr.

.4

sai4

bjs4

)sai()sai()(

4545

45

+

∔

3+3

t t E

t Et Et Eρ ρ ρ ρ

ρ ρ





Mûí vn Ninroaa C @ o N ∔∔3Ý∍ ρ¾ a O N N o @ ++3Ý∍ ς ρξ

a C @ @ @ o N @ ..).( *** ∔∔3Ý∍ ρ¾ a O N N N N N o @ N ++∔3Ý∍ *** )( ς ρξ

******* .....).().( @ @ o N N o N N O N C @ N @ @ N aa ρ¾ ρξ ς +∔++3Ý∍∔Ý∍ EŚeĚĵfeha vnht÷r ÷zfnŚkaĚaia hukkeiĵp fnihknca fûzniknrsnh8

)()()( *** @ N N @ @ N Ý∍∔Ý∍3Ý∍

∔+

++3Ý∍∔

44

4***

6

5.

6

54

45

.45

.45

)45

(

N @ o

N O N C @ @ N aa

ξ ¾ ρ

ς @ercjiah ekeiker aíaininroaiai hjruiucufnihkncaiai fagnreisaynk

gjrcu



∔+++3Ý∍∔ 444***

65

.65

445

.45

.45

)45

( N @ o N O N C @ @ N aa ξ ¾ ρ ς

Fnihkncai aha yeiĵiĵi `ebac aitnmrekaia ekĵrseh8

∨

∨∨

∨∨

∔+

++3

Ý∔3Ý∍∔

v

vvaa

R v

fv N @ o

fv N fv O N C @

fR @ N fv @ N

44

4**

**

65

.65

4

4

5).

4

5.(

4

5

)45

()45

(

ξ ¾ ρ

ς

∨

∨∨∨

∔+

+Ý∔3+∔

v

vR vaa

fv N @ o

fv N fR @ N fv O N C @

44

4***

6

5.

6

54

45

)45

().45

.(45

ξ ¾ ρ

ς

vnye



∨∨∨∨

∔++Ý∔3+∔

vvR vaa fv N @ ofv N fR @ N fv O N C @

444***

65

.65

445

)45

().45

.(45

ξ ¾ ρ ς

\ s ? ^ymukeieimûí (heyieh

mûbû)

\ n ? Íĵhei mûí(hjcpknhs)

\ f ? @erbeieirnnk mûí (]ett)

Ceiyntahninroaiaizecei

jrtekecesĵ XOS

Nknhtrah

ninroaiaizecei

jrtekecesĵ XOS

\ s 3 \ n + \ f +o4 ( - )

Ś



Fûzknc Fekmekerĵi Fûzknc Rĵiĵrkere Fah MnkaŚ x

z

z3<

5. jrtec( 5 , 5)

4. jrtec( 4 , 4)

x

QeisĵyeiFekme

MnkniFekme

ļkntakniFekme

Ś



Fûzknc Fekmekerĵi Fûzknc Rĵiĵrkere Fah MnkaŚ _3<‑feha jrtec sûrnhsazkaĚaifni fjkeyĵmnkni fekme hĵscni 5. jrtece mnra

yeisĵyebeh vn hĵscni fn 4. jrteceakntaknbnhtar.

Qeisĵyei fekmeiĵi nknhtrah vnceiyntah ekei Śaffnta gez÷rknra

y z or

r

x z o

r r

ĵn N

z @

ĵn N z N

ˇ.)(

ˇ.)(

5

5

5

<

<

δ

δ

ν

∔3

3

ļkntakni fekmeiĵi nknhtrah vnceiyntah ekei Śaffnta gez÷rknra

y z ot

t

x z o

t t

ĵn N

z @

ĵn N z N

ˇ.)(

ˇ.)(

4

4

4

<

<

δ

δ

ν ∔

∔

3

3

Mnkni fekmeiĵi nknhtrah vnceiyntah ekei Śaffnta gez÷rknra

y z oa

a

x z oaa

ĵn N

z @

ĵn N z N

ˇ.)(

ˇ.)(

5

5

5

<

<

δ

δ

ν ∔

∔

3

3

Ś



4<<

5<<<

<<<

)(5

ν ν tj

r at r a

t r a

N N N vnye @ @ @

N N N

3∔3+

3+

Dakaicnyni N r< vn N t< dûyûhkûhknraia dnkarkncnh aíai aha fnihkncn a`tayeí verfĵr. Du fnihkncknr, nknhtrahvn ceiyntah ekeiĵi seĚkecesĵ mnrnhni sĵiĵr hjŚukkerĵifei nkfn nfakar. z3< fanknhtrah ereyûzûifn nknhtrahvn ceiyntah ekei Śaffntknraiai tnĚnt daknŚniknra (x-daknŚniknra) sûrnhka jkcekĵfĵr.

Fûzknc Fekmekerĵi Fûzknc Rĵiĵrkere Fah MnkaŚ

)<()<()<(

)<()<()<(

t r a

t r a

@ @ @

N N N

3+

3+vnye

4<<

5

<<<

)(5

ν ν tj

r a

t r a

N N N

N N N

3∔

3+

<54

4<

<54

54<

4at

ar

N N

N N

ν ν ν

ν ν ν ν

+3

+∔3

54

4

<

<

54

54

<

<

4

ν ν

ν φ

ν ν ν ν

+33

+∔33Β

a

t

a

r

N

N

N N

Qeisĵce Hetseyĵsĵ

ļkntac Hetseyĵsĵ φ 3Β+5

Ś



5. jrtecfeha ( 5 vnye 5 ) tjpkec ekeiĵ, mnkni vn yeisĵyei ekeikerĵi tjpkecĵfĵr.


x z o z o

a ĵnn N z N ˇ).5(.)( 55 4<5

δ δ Β+3 ∔

)(5 z N , cehsacuc vn caiacuc fnĚnrknrain sĵresĵyke íerpeiĵiĵicehsacuc vn caiacuc jkfuĚu ynrknrfn ukeŚebehtĵr. Jrtecfe dar furei fekmeverfĵr. Dar furei fekmeiĵi nknhtrah ekei Śaffntaiai mnikaĚaiai cehsacuc fnĚnraiaicaiacuc fnĚnrain jreiĵie Furei Fekme Jreiĵ fniar, s vnye R]T akn m÷stnrakar

).5( 54 z on δ Β+

)(55

)(5

5

cai

cex

daracsazss

daracsaz N

N s

+∔3Β

Β∔Β+

33 Β fnĚnrknra-5 akn +5, s ‑iai fnĚnraasn 5 akn sjisuz eresĵife fnĚaŚar.

Ś



ļhaiba jrtecfe ( , ) , +zy÷iûifn yeyĵkei akntakni fekmefĵr.


y z oa

t

x z o

at

ĵn N

z @

ĵn N z N

ˇ..

)(

ˇ..)(

4

4

4

<

<

δ

δ

ν φ

φ

∔

∔

3

3

Û Ś



Mnkni ekei vnht÷r gez÷rknraiafûŚûinkac8

ļya ļknthni Ûznrain Fah MnkaŚa

y z oa

a

x z o

aa

ĵn N

z @

ĵn N z N

ˇ.)(

ˇ.)(

5

5

5

<

<

δ

δ

ν ∔

∔

3

3

Du fekme, z3<‑fe cûhnccnk aknthni fûzknc sĵiĵrĵieíerpcehtefĵr.ļya dar aknthniai ÷z ncpnfeisĵ8

jkur yezerseh o

<44 3·33 ν ς ς ρ¾

ν

<4

5

54

4

5

5

54

54

3+

3

∔3∔3+∔3Β

ν ν ν

φ

ν ν

ν ν ν ν Rjiuí jkereh, 3 Β. 3 ,

3 φ. 3 < dukuiur. Mnkni fekmegezĵ tnrs ínvraknrnh tûcûykn mnrayeisĵr.

ļ ļk h Û h k Ś



y z oa

a

x z o

aa

ĵn N

z @

ĵn N z N

ˇ.)(

ˇ.)(

5

5

5

<

<

δ

δ

ν

∔

∔

3

3

y z oa

r

x z oar

ĵn N

z @

ĵn N z N

ˇ.)(

ˇ.)(

5

5

5

<

<

δ

δ

ν +

+

3

∔3

Mnkni ekei vnht÷r gez÷rknra

Qesĵyei ekei vnht÷r gez÷rknra

ļya ļknthni Ûznrain Fah MnkaŚa





û k k k ĵ û k ĵ ĵ k Ě h k Ś



Fûzknc Fekmekerĵi Fûzknc Rĵiĵrkere NĚah MnkaŚa

z3<

x

zy

Hĵrĵkei Fekme Qeisĵyei Fekme

Mnkni Fekme

4. jrtec,

5. jrtec,

Fû k F k k ĵi Fû k Rĵiĵ k NĚ h M k Ś



Rinkk yeisĵce yesesĵ? Qeisĵce eíĵsĵ,mnkaŚ eíĵsĵie nŚattar.

3

Rinkk Hĵrĵkce Qesesĵ?

)(saisai

8

saisai

454

5

4

5

5

4

4

5

45

4

5

4

5

5

4

¾ ¾ ξ ξ

ξ ξ

ν ν

ΰ ΰ

¾ ¾

δ δ

γ

γ

ΰ ΰ

33333

3

333

r

r

a

t

p

p

a

t

ii

yeses ĵh ĵĵrĵkcRinkkaíai

ii

Fûzknc Fekmekerĵi Fûzknc Rĵiĵrkere NĚah MnkaŚa

V Q i ĵ



5 9 4 furucuiu aibnknynkac.

Du furucfe 9 jkur.

eíĵsĵ akn erttĵĚĵifei, 3 4

jkfuĚuife hĵrĵkei fekmeiĵiereyûzû yekefĵĚĵ akmaií furuc

jkuŚur. iai fe`e gezke ertĵŚĵhĵrĵkei fekme jkcecesĵie infnijkur vn mnkni fekmeiĵi tececniyeisĵfĵĚĵ s÷ykniar.

iai 4 jkfuĚu tec yeisĵceiĵinŚaĚain herŚĵkĵh mnkni mnkaŚeíĵsĵie hratah eíĵ fniar.

Vec Qeisĵce

V Q i ĵ



Vec Qeisĵce

)(saisai?

saisai

5saisai

455

45

5

45

5

4

4

5

4

5

¾ ¾ ξ

ξ ΰ

ξ ξ ΰ

ξ ξ

ΰ ξ ξ

ΰ ΰ

3

33

333

∔∔

i

ieí ĵHratah b

bba

t

h k



Fah Hutupkece

z3<

x

zy

Qeisĵyei Fekme

Mnkni Fekme

4. jrtec,

5. jrtec,

ļkntakni fekme

F h H k



Fah Hutupkece

Mnkni fekmeiĵi nknhtrah vn ceiyntah ekei Śaffntagez÷rknra

)bjs.sai.(

5

<

)bjs.sai.(<

5

5

).ˇ.saiˇ.bjs.(),(

ˇ.),(

aa

aa

z x o za xa

aa

y z x o

aa

nĵĵ N

z x @

ĵn N z x N

ΰ ΰ δ

ΰ ΰ δ

ΰ ΰ

ν

+∔

+∔

+∔3

3

F h H k



Qeisĵyei fekmeiĵi nknhtrah vn ceiyntah ekei Śaffnta gez÷rknra

)bjs.sai.(

5

<

)bjs.sai.(<

5

5

).ˇ.saiˇ.bjs.(),(

ˇ.),(

r r

r r

z x o zr xr

r r

y z x o

r r

nĵĵ N

z x @

ĵn N z x N

ΰ ΰ δ

ΰ ΰ δ

ΰ ΰ

ν

∔∔

∔∔

+∔3

3

Fah Hutupkece

F h H k



Fah Hutupkece

ļkntakni fekmeiĵi nknhtrah vn ceiyntah ekei Śaffntagez÷rknra

)bjs.sai.(

5

<

)bjs.sai.(<

4

4

).ˇ.saiˇ.bjs.(),(

ˇ.),(

t t

t t

z x o zt xt

t t

y z x o

t t

nĵĵ N

z x @

ĵn N z x N

ΰ ΰ δ

ΰ ΰ δ

ΰ ΰ

ν

+∔

+∔

+∔3

3



F h H k



Fah Hutupkece

t r a

t r a

x ot t

x or r

x oaa

x ot

x or

x oa

n N

n N n N

n N n N n N

ΰ δ ΰ δ ΰ δ

ΰ δ ΰ δ ΰ δ

ΰ ν ΰ ΰ ν sai.

4

<sai.

<sai.

<5

sai..<

sai..<

sai..<

455

455

.bjs.).bjs.bjs.(5

...

∔∔∔

∔∔∔

3+∔

3+

Quherĵfeha nŚatkahknrai `nr x aíai seĚkeicesĵ mnrnhtaĚaifni,x‑ai gjihsayjiu jkei ûí ûstnk geht÷rûi`npsa nŚat jkcekĵfĵr.

t r a x x x ΰ δ ΰ δ ΰ δ sai..sai..sai.. 455 33dukuiur ha, du fe sinkk yeisĵce ( 3 ) vn Rinkk hĵrĵkce yesesĵiĵ ( 3 5 / 4 3 5 / 4) vnrar.

t t

ar a

t r a

N N N

N N N

ΰ ν

ΰ ν

bjs.bjs).54

<<<

5

<<<

3∔

3∔

t a

a

a

t

t a

t a

a

r

N N

N N

ΰ ν ΰ ν ΰ ν

φ

ΰ ν ΰ ν ΰ ν ΰ ν

bjs.bjs.bjs..4

bjs.bjs.bjs.bjs.

54

4

<

<

54

54

<

<

+33

+

∔33Β

⊮

⊮

\ k k H t k



\ereknk Hutupkece

z3<

x

zy

Qeisĵyei Fekme

Mnkni Fekme

4. jrtec,

5. jrtec,

ļkntakni fekme

x

\ k k H t k



\ereknk Hutupkece

Mnkni fekmeiĵi nknhtrah vn ceiyntah ekei Śaffntagez÷rknra

y z x oa

a

z x o za xaaa

ĵn N

z x @

nĵĵ N z x N

aa

aa

ˇ..),(

).ˇ.saiˇ..(bjs),(

)bjs.sai.(

5

<

)bjs.sai.(<

5

5

ΰ ΰ δ

ΰ ΰ δ

ν

ΰ ΰ

+∔

+∔

3

∔3

\ k k H t k



Qeisĵyei fekmeiĵi nknhtrah vn ceiyntah ekei Śaffnta gez÷rknra

y z x or

r

z x o zr xr r r

ĵn N

z x @

nĵĵ N z x N

r r

r r

ˇ..),(

).ˇ.saiˇ..(bjs),(

)bjs.sai.(

5

<

)bjs.sai.(<

5

5

ΰ ΰ δ

ΰ ΰ δ

ν

ΰ ΰ

∔∔

∔∔

∔3

+3

\ereknk Hutupkece

\ k k H t k



\ereknk Hutupkece

ļkntakni fekmeiĵi nknhtrah vn ceiyntah ekei Śaffntagez÷rknra

y z x ot

t

y z x o

zt xt t t

ĵn N

z x @

ĵnĵĵ N z x N

t t

t t

ˇ..),(

ˇ).ˇ.saiˇ..(bjs),(

)bjs.sai.(

4

<

)bjs.sai.(<

4

4

ΰ ΰ δ

ΰ ΰ δ

ν

ΰ ΰ

+∔

+∔

3

∔3

\ k k H t k



vn iai tnĚnt daknŚniknraiai z3<‑feha sûrnhkakah hjŚukkerĵyain Rinkk yeisĵce vn hĵrĵkce yesekerĵiĵ vn nh jkereheŚeĚĵfeha aha fnihknca vnrar.

\ereknk Hutupkece

4

<<<

5

<<<

)(5

bjs.bjs).(

ν ν

ΰ ΰ

t r a

t t ar a

N N N

N N N

3∔

3+

Duikerfei vn , baisaifni í÷zûknrnh, pereknk hutupkece aíai yeisĵce vnakntac hetseyĵkerĵ eŚeĚĵfeha mada dukuiur.

at

a

a

t AA

at

at

a

r AA

N N

N N

ΰ ν ΰ ν ΰ ν

φ

ΰ ν ΰ ν ΰ ν ΰ ν

bjs.bjs.bjs..4

bjs.bjs.bjs.bjs.

54

4

<

<

54

54

<

<

+33

+∔

33Β

Documents

Elektromanyetik Dalga Teorisi - Özet Ders Notları 3