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Jornadas de Climatização
Ordem dos Engenheiros 13 de Outubro de 2011
Helder Gonçalves
• Em direcção aos Edifícios
de Balanço Energetico
Zero
Tópicos a abordar...
Contexto actual
NZEB - definição, conceito
Como alcançar o estatuto NZEB?
Edifício SOLAR XXI: em direcção
à energia zero
International Energy Policy
USA: “The building technologies program outlines the technology portofolio and activities
that are necessary to achieve our strategic goal of net zer-energy buildings (NZEB) at
low increment cost by 2025.” [www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/about/,01/2007]
UK: “The objective of the proposal is to set a timetable for movinf towards zero carbon
development as a contribution to meeting the UK target to reduce carbon emission by 60%
by 2050.” [Department for Communities and Local Government, 13th of December 2006 press release]
Austria: “Vision 2050 on energy in buildings: The building stock of the year 2050 should be
in total over the entire life cycle (involves the production and operation of the building) free of
any carbon emissions.” [www.e2050.at/pdf/energie_gebauede.pdf]
Netherlands: “In the Netherland, the government and the construction sector aim at
achieving energy neutral new construction in 2020.” [Chiel Boomstra, Trecodome]
Germany: “ From current point of view future capable buildings are building architectural
demanding with high user comfort, minimal energy demand, optimized technological
equipment, meaningful integration into large energy supply systems as well as together
economical energy demand cover. Zero emission houses are the long-term objective.” [“Das 5.Energgieforschungsprogramm der Bundesregierung”, BMWA, 07/2005
RECAST EPBD
DIRECTIVE 2010/31/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 May 2010
on the energy performance of buildings
(recast)
Article 9
Nearly zero-energy buildings
1. Member States shall ensure that:
(a) by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero- energy buildings;
and
(b) after 31 December 2018, new buildings occupied and owned by public
authorities are nearly zero-energy buildings.
Member States shall draw up national plans for increasing the number of nearly
zero-energy buildings. These national plans may include targets differentiated
according to the category of building.
NZEB - definição
Energy
consumption
Energy
production
Input = Output
• Heating
• Cooling
• Lighting
• Hot Water
• Appliances
x Kwh
Energy
Demand
Energy
Supply • Electricity
(PV, wind, geothermal)
• Thermal (Solar, Geothermal )
y Kwh
Necessidades energéticas (kWh/m2a)
50 100 150
Pro
dução d
e e
nerg
ia (
kW
h/m
2a)
50
100
150
Limite regulamentar (Ntc)
Balanço Zero
Necessidades energéticas (kWh/m2a)
50 100 150
Pro
dução d
e e
nerg
ia (
kW
h/m
2a)
50
100
150
Limite regulamentar (Ntc)
Balanço “Quase” Zero
Balanço Zero
Energy Demand
Ene
rgy S
up
ply
Imposição regulamentar
Medidas de ee
Melhoria Voluntária
Promotor/Proj.
Como alcançar NZEB
• The annual heating energy demand of the Passivhaus proposed for Portugal has been estimated as 16.9 kWh/m2.year, of which 11 kWh/m2.year are supplied by the solar system (in this analysis priority of the solar system is given to heating and the solar fraction for domestic hot water is 48%)
• The annual cooling energy demand is 3.7 kWh/m2.year
• The sum of net heating and cooling demand is 9.6 kWh/m2.year
Passivhaus Portugal – Energy Performance
Predicted annual heating demand (red) and cooling demand
(blue) for Standard House and Passivhaus in Lisbon
5.9
73.5
32.0
3.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Standard House (DL 80/2006) Portugal Passivhaus
kW
h/m
2
U-value for roof is 0.23 W/m2.K and for walls is 0.32 W/m2.K
Como alcançar NZEB
Necessidades energéticas (kWh/m2a)
50 100 150
Pro
dução d
e e
nerg
ia (
kW
h/m
2a)
50
100
150
Limite regulamentar (Ntc)
Balanço Zero
?
?
Como alcançar NZEB
1º passo: reduzir as necessidades energéticas do edifício
• Iluminação eficiente
• Equipamentos eficientes
• Sistemas passivos
• Iluminação natural
• Ventilação natural
• Optimização térmica da envolvente
• Optimização dos ganhos solares
Tecnologias Estratégias
Sistemas eficientes
Integração urbana
Como alcançar NZEB
2º passo: produção de energia
Energy Demand
Energ
y S
upply
Imposição regulamentar
Medidas de ee
Melhoria
Voluntária
Promotor/Proj.
Contribuição
das ER
Contribuição das Energias Renováveis
IEA SHCP Task 40 / ECBCS Annex 52 Towards Net Zero Energy Buildings Prof. Karsten Voss
University Wuppertal, School of Architecture, Building Physics and Technical Services, Germany
Towards Net Zero Energy solar Buildings (October 2008 – September 2013)
PT
Solar Settlement Freiburg, Germany
Architecture and Concept: Rolf Disch
11,000 m² area with 59 terrace houses,
3,150 m² roof integrated PV,
district heating network
Plus Energy Settlement”
Energy balance of 21
terrace houses in the
Freiburg Solar Settlement
(56 homes in total) on the
basis of monitoring results.
The monitoring proofs the
design as „plus energy
homes”. All sectors of
energy use are included.
Solar Settlement, Freiburg Architecture and concept: Rolf Disch
note: 100 kWh/m²y = 32 kBTU/ft” y
basis: source energy, non renewable (0.9, 2.7)
“plus energy”
0
50
100
150
200
0 50 100 150 200
total source energy consuption in kWh/m2a
total source energy credits in kWh/m2a
Solaire – Battery Park City, NY: 33 kWp USGBC LEED – Gold Architect: Cesar Pelli
Cortesy
ex. Canada
http://www.enob.info/de/nullenergie-plusenergie-klimaneutrale-
gebaeude-im-stromnetz-20/nullenergiegebaeude-karte-internationaler-
projekte/
0
50
100
150
200
0 50 100 150 200
total source energy consuption in kWh/m2a
total source energy credits in kWh/m2a
note: 100 kWh/m²y = 32 kBTU/ft” y
basis: source energy, non renewable (0.9, 2.7)
SOLAR XXI - Energy performance
SOLAR XXI NZEB Performance
0
50
100
150
200
0 50 100 150 200
energy credit (kWh/m2.y)
pro
du
cee
ne
rgy
(RE
S)
energy consumption(kWh/m2.y)
reducing building energy demands
standard valuebuilding regulation Building in accordance with actual
building code+typical buildingrelated loads
Improved standard + Typicalbuilding related loads
Use of efficiency measures (passivetechniques and strategies)
Use of renewable energies
Feed-in credit
Feed-in credit (estimated in 2011)
OBRIGADO