9. PRAVNI OBLICI PODUZEĆA U KINI

9.1. Društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću

Tvrtka može biti društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću s pedeset ili manje dioničara. U

društvu s ograničenom odgovornošću, svaki dioničar je odgovoran za tvrtku u iznosu

kapitalnog doprinosa, a tvrtka je odgovorna za svoje obveze cijelom svojom imovinom.

Dioničari imaju pravo na dividendu razmjerno njihovim doprinosima kapitala, osima ako nije

drugačije dogovoreno od strane dioničara. Kada tvrtka želi povećati svoj kapital, dioničari

imaju preventivno pravo u razmjeru njihovih doprinosa kapitala, osim ako nije drugačije

dogovoreno od strane dioničara. Osim toga, dioničar može također prenijeti, u cijelosti ili

djelomično, njihov kapitalni doprinos među sobom. Međutim, na prijenos kapitala na treću

osobu, dioničar mora dobiti suglasnost više od polovice ostalih dioničara, a ostali dioničari

imaju preventivno pravo temeljno na istim uvjetima. Ako je više od polovice dioničara odbije

dati suglasnost, ti dioničari moraju kupiti kapital koji se prenosi.1

Za uspostavu društva s ograničenom odgovornošću, investitori moraju zadovoljiti određene

uvjete. Prije svega, broj dioničara ne smije premašiti zakonski limit, to jest, ne više od 50

dioničara. Štoviše, minimalni iznos temeljnog kapitala, to jest, ukupan iznos kapitalnih

doprinosa mora biti RMB 30.000, osim ako nije drugačije određeno zakonom ili

administrativnim propisima. Kapitalni doprinosi mogu biti u obliku novca, materijalnih

dobara, intelektualnog vlasništva, prava korištenja zemljišta itd., ali ne u obliku usluge radne

snage, goodwill, franšize i slično. Početni iznos kapitalnog doprinosa od strane svih dioničara

ne smije biti manji od 20 posto temeljnog kapitala i zakonom zahtijeva minimalni iznos

temeljnog kapitala. Ostatak kapitalnog doprinosa mora u cijelosti biti uplaćen u roku od dvije

godine od dana osnivanja tvrtke (investicijsko društvo, međutim, ima pet godina kako bi

isplatili kapitalni doprinos u cijelosti). Nadalje, dioničari moraju zajedničko formulirati statut.

1 LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 38 (A business can be a limited liability company with fifty or fewer shareholders. In a limited liability company, each shareholder is a liable to the company to the extent of the amount of capital contribution undertake to be made, while the company is liable for its debts to the extent of all its assets. The shareholders are entitled to receive dividends in proportion to their respective capital contributions actually made, unless otherwise agreed upon by the shareholders. When the company wants to increase its capital, the shareholders have a preemptive right to make contributions in proportion to their respective capital contributions actually made, unless otherwise agrees upon by the shareholders. Besides, the shareholder may also transfer, in whole or in part, their capital contributions among themselves. However, to transfer its equity to a third party, a shareholder must obtain the consent of more than half of the other shareholders, and other shareholders have a preemptive right based on the same terms. If more than half of the other shareholders refuse to give consent, those shareholders shall purchase the equity to be transferred.)Ovaj citat je uzet jer objašnjava značenje pojma društva s ograničenom odgovornošću u Kini.

Tvrtka također mora imati ime, prebivalište i organizacijsku strukturu postaviti u skladu sa

zahtjevima za društva s ograničenom odgovornošću.2

U osnovi status poduzeća sadržava odredbe propisane Zakonom o trgovačkim društvima i one

dogovorene dobrovoljno od strane dioničara. U slučaju društva s ograničenom dogovornošću,

statut mora jasno navesti:3

1. naziv i sjedište tvrtke;

2. opseg poslovanje tvrtke;

3. temeljni kapital društva;

4. imena ili nazivi dioničara;

5. oblik, količina i rok kapitalnih doprinosa;

6. organi u društvu, način utvrđivanja njih, i njihove ovlasti;

7. poslovnik o radu;

8. pravni zastupnik tvrtke;

9. sve ostale stvari koje sastanak dioničara smatra da je potrebno osigurati.

2 LIN, L. Private equity limited partnerships in china: A critical evaluation of active limited partners, Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 2013. p. 5 <raspoloživo na: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2260544> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (To establish a limited liability company, the investors must satisfy certain requirements. First of all, the number of shareholders must not exceed the statutory limit, namely, not more than 50 shareholders. Moreover, the minimum amount of registered capital, that is, the total amount of capital contributions undertaken to be made by all the shareholders, must be rmb 30,000, unless otherwise provided by laws or administrative regulations. Capital contributions can be made in the form of cash, tangible goods, intellectual property, land use rights, etc., but not in the form of labor service, goodwill, franchise, etc.Additionally, contributions of all the shareholders in the form of cast cannot be lower than 30 percent of the registered capital. The initial amount of capital contribution made by all the shareholders cannot be less than 20 percent of the registered capital and the statutorily required minimum amount of registered capital. The remainder of capital contribution must be fully paid within two years of the date of the established of the company (an investment company, however, has five years to make capital contributions in full). Furthermore, the shareholders must jointly formulate the acticles of association. The company must also have a name, a domicile, and an orgaizational structure set up in compliance with the requirements for a limited liability company.)Ovaj citat je uzet jer objašnjava iznos temeljnog kapitala potreban za osnivanje društva s ograničenom odgovornošću u Kini.3 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 <raspoloživo na: http://www.chinalawblog.com/NewCompanyLaw.pdf> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (Basically, the articles of association of a company contain provisions required by the Company Law and those agreed upon voluntarily by the shareholders. In the case of a limited liability company, the articles of association must clearly state: The name and domicile of the company; The business scope of the company; The registered capital of the company; The names or titles of the shareholders; The form, amount and time limit of capital contributions; The organs in the company, the way of establishing them, and their powers and rules of procedure; The legal representative of the company;Any other matters which the shareholders meeting considers it necessary to provide.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer objašnjava što statut mora sadržavati prilikom registracije poduzeća.

Uspostaviti društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću, predstavnik ili zajednički imenovani

agent, od strane svih dioničara, mora podnijeti zahtjev za prethodnu suglasnost imena

tvrtke. Tvrtke čije osnivanje ili opseg poslovanja mora biti odobreno u skladu sa zakonima

ili administrativnim propisima moraju predati zahtjev za odobrenje u unaprijed

odobrenom imenu tvrtke.4

Ako dioničari društva s ograničenom odgovornošću ulažu kapitalne doprinose u obliku

gotovine, trebaju uplatiti novac na bankovni račun otvoren od strane tvrtke. Za doprinos u

obliku nenovčane imovine, dioničari prolaze kroz formalnosti u skladu sa zakonom.

Nakon što su svi dioničari uložili svoje kapitalne doprinose, zakonom organ za provjeru

kapitala, to jest propisano registrirana računovodstvena ili revizorska tvrtka, mora

provjeriti doprinose i izraditi potvrdu o provjeri kapitala. 5

U društvu s ograničenom odgovornošću, sastanak dioničara se sastoji od svih dioničara.

Postoje dvije vrste sastanaka dioničara: redoviti i privremeni. Redoviti sastanci moraju biti

sazvani na vrijeme u skladu sa odredbama iz statuta. Privremeni sastanci mogu se sazvati

na zahtjev dioničara sa jednom desetinom ili više glasačkih prava, jednu trećinu Uprava

Društva. Za sazivanja sastanaka dioničara, tvrtka mora obavijestiti dioničare 15 dana

unaprijed, osim ako nije drukčije propisano statutom ili dogovoreno od strane svih

dioničara. Tijekom sastanka dioničara, dioničari ostvaruju ovlasti na:

1. odlučivanje o poslovnim politika poduzeća i investicijskih planova;

4 MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 <raspoloživo na: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-China/Local%20Assets/Documents/cn_RE_China-Partnership_210409.pdf> [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (To establish a limited liability company, a representative designated, or an agent jointly appointed, by all the shareholders, must file an application for pre-approval of the company's name with the designated AIC. Companies whose establishment or scope of business must be approved in accordance with laws or administrative regulations shall submit their applications for approval in the pre-approved name of the company.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira postupak registracije društva s ograničenom odgovornošću.5 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 <raspoloživo na: http://www.chinalawblog.com/NewCompanyLaw.pdf> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (If the shareholders of a limited liability company make capital contributions in the form of cash, the should deposit the money into a bank account opened by the company. For contribtuions in the form of non-cash property, the shareholders shall ho through the formalities of assignment in accordance with the law. After all the shareholders have made their capital contributions, a statuorily authorized capital-verification organ, namely, a duly registered accounting or audit firm, must verify the contributions and produce a certificate of capital verification.Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira postupak registracije društva s ograničenom odgovornošću.

2. biranje i zamjenu direktora i nadzornika koji nisu predstavnici osoblja i radnika i

odlučivanje o pitanjima koja se odnose na njihove naknade;

3. ispitivanje i odobravanje izvješća uprave;

4. ispitivanje i odobravanje godišnjih financijskih proračuna tvrtke i završnih računa;

5. ispitivanje i odobravanje planova za raspodjelu dobiti i povrata gubitaka;

6. odlučivanje o povećanju ili smanjenju temeljnog kapitala;

7. odlučivanje o izdavanju korporativnih obveznica;

8. usvajanje rezolucije o pripajanju, podjeli, promjeni korporativnog oblika,

raspuštanja i likvidacije;

9. izmjenjivanje statuta;

10. bilo koje druge ovlasti kao što je predviđeno u statutu.

9.2. Dioničko društvo

U dioničkom društvo cjelokupni kapital podijeljen je na dionice jednake vrijednosti. Svaki

dioničar odgovara društvu u iznosu broja dionica koje ima, a tvrtka je odgovorna za svoje

obveze cijelom svojom imovinom. Dioničko društvo može se osnovati pomoću sponzorstva

ili preplate. U slučaju sponzorstva, predlagači nude kupiti sve dionice koje se izdaju od stran

tvrtke. U slučaju pretplate, predlagači se pretplaćuju na najmanje 35 posto od ukupnog broja

dionica, osim ako nije drugačije određeno zakonima i administrativnim propisima. Dioničko

društvo ne može otkupiti vlastite dionice osim u slučaju spajanja s drugim društvom koji drži

svoje dionice u svrhu smanjenja temeljnog kapitala ili dodjele dionica svojim radnicima.6

6 MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 <raspoloživo na: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-China/Local%20Assets/Documents/cn_RE_China-Partnership_210409.pdf> [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (In a company limited by shares, which has also been translated as a joint stock company, the entire capital is divided into shares of equal value, which can be either registered share or bearer shares. Each shareholder is liable to the company to the extent of the number of shares it subscribes, while the company is liable for its debts to the extent of all its assets. A company limited by shares can be established by means of sponsorship or subscription. In the case of sponsorship, the promoters offer to buy all the shares to be issued by the company. In the case of subscription, the promoters subscribe to at least 35 percent of the total number of shares, unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations, and the public or a specific target may subsribe to the remainder. Except for those shares held by incumbent directors, supervisors, and high-ranking managerial personnel; or those shares held by the promoters within one year of the founding of the company, the shares of a company limited by shares are freely assignable. However, a company limited by shares may not repurchase its own shares except in the case of a merger with another company holding its shares, for the purpose of reducing the registered capital or awarding shares to its shares, for the purpose of reducing the registered capital or awarding shares to its staff and workers, or upon the request of shareholders who cast dissenting votes in the deliberation of merger or division.)Ovaj citat je izabran je objašnjava jedan od uvjeta osnivanja društva s ograničenom odgovornošću.

Za uspostavu dioničkog društvo, ne postoji gornja granica za broj dioničara. No, to mora biti

najmanje dva, ali ne više od 200 predlagača, a više od polovice njih mora biti sa prebivalištem

u Kini. Minimalni iznos temeljnog kapitala za dioničko društvo je 5 milijuna RMB. Viši

minimalni iznos temeljnog kapitala može se propisati u posebnim zakonima i

administrativnim propisima. Predlagači mogu platiti gotovinom, dati doprinos u naturi,

prenijeti prava intelektualnog vlasništva ili prava korištenja zemljišta itd. Ukoliko je dioničko

društvo uspostavljeno putem sponzorstva, registrirani kapital mora biti ukupni iznos

temeljnog kapitala upisan od strane svih sponzora. Početni iznos kapitalnih doprinosa od

strane svih sponzora ne smije biti manji od 20 posto temeljnog kapitala, a ostatak mora biti od

strane sponzora u cijelosti plaćena u roku od dvije godine od dana osnivanja društva (i

investicijsko društvo ima pet godina platiti u cijelosti). Tvrtka ne može ponuditi dionice

drugima prije pune uplate temeljnog kapitala. Ukoliko dioničko društvo je uspostavljeno

putem preplate, registrirani kapital mora biti ukupan iznos plaćenog temeljnog kapitala

evidentiranje organu za registracije tvrtke. Osim doprinosa kapitala, sponzori moraju

formulirati statut koji treba biti usvojen na inauguralnom sastanku. Tvrtka također mora imati

ime, sjedište, te organizacijsku strukturu u skladu sa zahtjevima za dioničko društvo.7

Statut dioničkog društva mora jasno osigurati:8

7 LIN, L. Private equity limited partnerships in china: A critical evaluation of active limited partners, Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 2013. p. 5 <raspoloživo na: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2260544> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (For a company limited by shares, the is no ceiling on the number of shareholders. However, there must be at least two, but no more than 200, promoters, and more than half of them must be domiciled in china. The minimum amount of registered capital for a company limited by shares is rmb 5 million. Higher minimum amounts of registered capital may be prescribed in separate laws or administrative regulations. The promoters may pay cash, make in-kind contributions, transfer intellectual property rights or land use rights, etc. Where a company limited by shares is established by means of sponsorship, the registered capital shall be the total amount of share capital subscribed by all he sponsors. The initial amount of capital contriution made by all the sponsors cannot be less than 20 percent of the registered capital, and the remainder must be fully paid by the sponsors within two years of the date of the establishment of the company (and investment company has fice years to make payment in full). The company cannot offer shares to others prior to the full payment of the registered capital. Where a company limited by shares is established by means of subscription, the registered capital shall be the total amount of paid-in share capital registered with the company-registration organ, namely, the aic. Apart from capital contribution, the sponsors must formulate the articles of association must be adopted at the inaugural meeting. The company must also have a name, a domicile, and a organizational structure set up in compliance with the requirements for a company limited by shares)Ovaj citat je uzet jer objašnjava iznos temeljnog kapitala potreban za osnivanje dioničkog društva u Kini.8 LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 39 (In a similar fashion, the articles of association of a company limited by shares must clearly provide: The name and domicile of the company; The business scope of the company; The means by which the company is established; The total number of shares, par value per share, and registered capital of the company; The names or titles of the promoters, the number of shares subscribed by them, and the form and time limit of their contributionsThe composition, powers, and rules of procedure of the board of directors; The legal representative of the company; The composition, powers and rules of procedure of the board of supervisors; The means of

1. naziv i sjedište tvrtke;

2. opseg poslovanja tvrtke;

3. način na koji je tvrtka osnovana;

4. ukupan broj dionica, nominalna vrijednost po dionici i registrirani kapital tvrtke;

5. imena ili nazivi predlagača, broj dionica upisanih od njih, te oblik i rok njihova

doprinosa;

6. sastav, ovlasti, te poslovnik o radu upravnog odbora direktora;

7. pravni zastupnik tvrtke;

8. sastav, ovlasti, te poslovnik o radu upravnog odbora nadzornika;

9. načini raspodjele dobiti;

10. razlozi za raspuštanje i sredstva za stečaj;

11. metoda društva za izdavanje obavijesti i javnih objava;

12. sve ostale stvari koje sastanak dioničara smatra da je potrebno osigurati.

9.3. Javno trgovačko društvo

Javno trgovačko društvo može biti formirano od strane općih partnera. Partneri moraju snositi

neograničeno solidarno obveze za dugove poduzeća.9

Za uspostavu javnog trgovačkog poduzeća, sljedeći uvjeti moraju biti zadovoljeni10:

1) Imati dvije ili više osoba. Ako su partneri fizičke osobe, oni moraju imati potpune

poslovne sposobnosti;

2) Imati ugovor o partnerstvu u pisanom obliku;

distributing profits; The grounds for dissolution and the means of liquidation; The company method of issuing notices and public announcements; Any other matters which the shareholders meeting considers it necessay to provide.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer objašnjava što statut mora sadržavati prilikom registracije poduzeća.9 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 <raspoloživo na: http://www.chinalawblog.com/NewCompanyLaw.pdf> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (A general partnership enterprise may be formed by general partners. The partners shall bear unlimited joint and several liabilities for the debts of the partnership enterprise.)Ovaj citat je uzet jer objašnjava pojam javnog trgovačkog društva u Kini.10 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 <raspoloživo na: http://www.chinalawblog.com/NewCompanyLaw.pdf> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (To establish a partnership enterprise, the following conditions shall be satisfied: (1)Having 2 or more partners. If the partners are natural persons, they shall have complete civil capacity; (2)Having a written partnership agreement; (3)Having capital contributions subscribed to or actually paid by the partners; (4)Having a name and a production and business operation place for the partnership enterprise; and (5)Other conditions as provided for by laws and administrative regulations.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira uspostavu društva.

3) Imati ime te mjesto proizvodnje i poslovanja za javno trgovačko društvo; i

4) Ostali uvjeti predviđeni zakonima i administrativnim propisima.

U ugovoru o partnerstvu moraju se navesti sljedeće stvari:11

1) Ime i adresa glavne poslovne lokacije javnog trgovačkog društva;

2) Svrha i opseg poslovanja;

3) Ime i prebivališta svakog partnera

4) Način i iznos kapitalnog prinosa od strane partnera te rok za isplatu;

5) Raspodjela dobiti i dijeljenje gubitaka;

6) Izvršenje poslova;

7) Ulazak i povlačenje iz partnerstva;

8) Rješavanje sporova;

9) Prestanak i likvidacija javnog trgovačkog društva; i

10) Obveze za raskid ugovora.

Ukoliko nije drugačije navedeno u ugovoru o partnerstvu, slijedeća pitanja podliježu

jednoglasnom pristanku svih partnera12:

1) Za promjenu naziva poduzeća;

2) Za promjenu opsega poslovanja i adresu glavne poslovne lokacije javnog trgovačkog

društva;

3) Za pružanje garancija drugima u ime poduzeća;

11 MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 <raspoloživo na: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-China/Local%20Assets/Documents/cn_RE_China-Partnership_210409.pdf> [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (A partnership agreement shall state the following matters: (1) The name and address of the main business operation place of a partnership enterprise; (2) The purpose and business scope of partnership; (3)The name and domicile of each partner; (4)The ways and amount of capital contribution by partners and the time limit for payment; (5)The profit distribution and loss sharing; (6)The execution of the partnership affairs; (7)The admission to and withdrawal from partnership; (8)The settlement of disputes; (9)The dissolution and liquidation of the partnership enterprise; and (10)The liabilities for breach of contract.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira uspostavu samog društva.12 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 <raspoloživo na: http://www.chinalawblog.com/NewCompanyLaw.pdf> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (Unless it is otherwise stipulated in the partnership agreement, the following matters of a partnership enterprise shall be subject to the unanimous consent of all partners: (1)To change the name of the partnership enterprise; (2)To change the business scope and the address of the main business place of the partnership enterprise; (3)To dispose of the real property of the partnership enterprise; (4)To assign or dispose of the intellectual property and other property rights of the partnership enterprise; (5)To provide a guaranty to others on behalf of the partnership enterprise; and (6)To hire a non-partner to act as a business manager of the partnership enterprise.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira ugovor o partnerstvu.

Svaki kapitalni doprinosi od strane partnera moraju biti svojstvo partnerskog poduzeća. 13

Prije likvidacije poduzeća, bez partnera se može zatražiti raspodjela svojstva poduzeća, osim

ako nije drugačije navedeno Zakonom.14

Partneri uživaju jednaka prava za izvršenje partnerskih poslova. Prema odredbama sporazuma

o partnerstvu ili po odluci svih partnera, jedan ili više partnera može biti ovlašteno izvršavati

poslove partnerstva u ime poduzeća.15

Ulazak novog partnera je, osim ako nije drugačije određeno u ugovoru o partnerstvu, biti

predmet jednoglasnog pristanka svih partnera, a za koje se sklapa pisani ugovor. Prilikom

sklapanja sporazuma o priznanju u partnerstvu, izvorni partneri moraju vjerno izvijestiti nove

partnere o poslovanju i financijskom stanju izvornog partnerskog poduzeća.16

Ukoliko je bilo koji partner u sljedećim okolnostima, smatrat će se da se partner povukao:17

1. Partner fizička osoba preminula je;

13 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 <raspoloživo na: http://www.chinalawblog.com/NewCompanyLaw.pdf> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (All the capital contributions made by partners, the proceeds and other properties acquired in the name of a partnership shall be the properties of the partnership enterprise.)Ovaj citat je korišten jer unosu kapitala u javno trgovačko društvo.14 MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 23 <raspoloživo na: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-China/Local%20Assets/Documents/cn_RE_China-Partnership_210409.pdf> [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (Prior to the liquidation of a partnership enterprise, no partner may request for dividing the properties of the partnership enterprise, unless it is otherwise provided for in this Law.)Ovaj citat je korišten jer govori o likvidaciji javnog trgovačkog društva.15DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 23 (The partners enjoy equal rights to the execution of partnership affairs. According to the stipulations of the partnership agreement or upon decision of all partners, one or several partners may be authorized to execute the partnership affairs on behalf of the partnership enterprise.)Ovaj citat je korišten jer pravima partnera javnog trgovačkog društva.16MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 <raspoloživo na: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-China/Local%20Assets/Documents/cn_RE_China-Partnership_210409.pdf> [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (The admission of a new partner shall, unless it is otherwise stipulated in the partnership agreement, be subject to an unanimous consent of all partners, and for which a written agreement shall be concluded. When concluding an agreement on the admission to the partnership, the original partners shall faithfully inform the new partners of the business operation and financial status of the original partnership enterprise.)Ovaj citat je korišten jer govori o ulasku novih partnera u poduzeće.17 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 20 <raspoloživo na: http://www.chinalawblog.com/NewCompanyLaw.pdf> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (Where any partner is under any of the following circumstances, the said partner shall be deemed to have withdrawn naturally from the partnership:(1) A natural person partner is deceased or declared deceased according to law; (2)It (he) is insolvent; (3)A partner as a legal person or any other organization whose business license is revoked, or who is ordered to close up for revocation, or who is declared bankrupt; (4) A partner loses the relevant qualifications as required by law or as stipulated in the partnership agreement; or (5) A partner’s entire property share in the partnership business has been executed by the people’s court.)Ovaj citat je korišten jer govori o povlačenju partnera iz poduzeća.

2. On je insolventan;

3. Partner kao pravna osoba ili bilo koja druga organizacija čija je poslovna dozvola

poništena;

4. Partner gubi relevantne kvalifikacije kako je predviđeno zakonom ili kao što je

navedeno u ugovoru o partnerstvu.

Kada se partner povuče iz partnerstva, ostali partneri moraju, na temelju imovinskog stanja

partnerskog poduzeća u vrijeme povlačenja, napraviti nagodbu i vratiti se udio u vlasništvu

njemu. Ako je on odgovoran za naknadu gubitaka u partnerstvu, iznos naknade će se odbiti od

spomenutog udjela vlasništva.18

9.4. Obrt

Obrt predstavlja poslovni subjekt ustrojen u Kini sa kapitalnim doprinosom od strane jedne

osobe, koji ujedno preuzima neograničenu odgovornost u iznosu svoje osobne imovine.

Glavno mjesto poslovanja ujedno mora biti i sjedište samog obrta. U obavljanju poslovnih

aktivnosti, obrt se mora pridržavati zakona i administrativnih propisa, kao i nače dobre vjere

te ne smije naštetiti javnim interesima. Radnici obrta moraju osnovati sindikat koji treba

djelovati u skladu sa zakonom.19

Za uspostavu obrta sljedeći uvjeti moraju biti ispunjeni:20

1. vlasnik je fizička osoba;

18 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 27 (When a partner withdraws from the partnership, the other partners shall, on the basis of the property status of the partnership enterprise at the time of withdrawal, make a settlement and return the property share to him. If he is liable to compensate the losses to the partnership, the amount of compensation shall be deducted from the aforesaid property share.)Ovaj citat je korišten jer govori o povlačenju partnera iz poduzeća.19 MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 <raspoloživo na: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-China/Local%20Assets/Documents/cn_RE_China-Partnership_210409.pdf> [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (Sole partnership is an entity established in China with the capital contribution by one person, who also assumes unlimited liability in the amount of their personal property. The main place of business at the same time has to be the seat of the craft. In carrying out business activities, craft must comply with the laws and administrative regulations, as well as the principle of good faith and must not harm the public interest. Workers must establish a trade union should act in accordance with the law.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira obrtu u Kini.20 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 <raspoloživo na: http://www.chinalawblog.com/NewCompanyLaw.pdf> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (To establish turnaround following conditions must be met: owner is a natural person; there is a legitimate company; There is a capital contribution declared exclusively by the owner; there is a fixed place and necessary conditions for production and operation; there is a need staff.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira uvjete za osnivanje obrta u Kini.

2. postoji zakonit naziv poduzeća;

3. postoji kapitalni doprinos proglašen isključivo od vlasnika;

4. postoji stalno mjesto i potrebni uvjeti za proizvodnju i rad;

5. postoji potrebno osoblje.

Za uspostavljanje obrta, vlasnik ili imenovani zastupnik moraju podnijeti dokumente kao što

su zahtjev za osnivanje obrta, dokaz o identitetu vlasnika, dokaz o korištenju mjesta za

proizvodnju i rad i tako dalje organu nadležnom za registraciju koji se nalazi na lokaciji gdje

će se nalaziti obrt.21

Zahtjev za osnivanje obrta treba sadržavati sljedeće:22

1. naziv i sjedišta poduzeća;

2. ime i prebivalište vlasnika;

3. iznos i oblik kapitalnog doprinosa;

4. opseg poslovanja.

Ako u trenutku podnošenja zahtjeva za uspostavu jedini vlasnik izričito izjavljuje kako je bilo

kojima imovina u zajedničkom vlasništvu njegove obitelji kao kapitalni doprinos, vlasnik

preuzima neograničenu odgovornost u iznosu zajedničke imovine u skladu sa zakonom.23

Obrt će se raspustiti u bilo kojem od sljedećeg okolnosti:24

21 MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 <raspoloživo na: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-China/Local%20Assets/Documents/cn_RE_China-Partnership_210409.pdf> [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (To establish a business, the owner or designated representative must submit documents such as request for crafts, proof of identity of the owner, proof of use of the production and operation and so on to the authority responsible for the registration of which is located at the location where it will be located Crafts.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira uvjete za osnivanje obrta u Kini.22 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 <raspoloživo na: http://www.chinalawblog.com/NewCompanyLaw.pdf> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (The request for the establishment of trade should include the following: name and company headquarters; the name and residence of the owner; the amount and form of capital contributions; volume of business.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira uvjete za osnivanje obrta u Kini.23 MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 <raspoloživo na: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-China/Local%20Assets/Documents/cn_RE_China-Partnership_210409.pdf> [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (If at time of applying for the establishment of a sole proprietor expressly declares, that was where assets are jointly owned by his family as a capital contribution, the owner assumes unlimited liability in the amount of common property in accordance with the law.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira uvjete za osnivanje obrta u Kini.24LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 39 (Handicraft will be dissolved in any of the following circumstances: owner decides to dismiss the craft; owner passed away, and there is no heir or successor renounced to the inheritance; business permit was legally abolished; any other situation prescribed by law or administrative regulations.)

1. vlasnik odlučuje raspustiti obrt;

2. vlasnik je preminuo, a nema nasljednika ili se nasljednik odrekao nasljedstva;

3. poslovna dozvola zakonski je ukinuta;

4. bilo koja druga situacija propisana zakonom ili administrativnim propisima.

Ukoliko će obrt biti raspušten, vlasnik provodi likvidaciju sebe ili će vjerovnici tražiti da se

odredi likvidator koji će provesti likvidaciju. Ukoliko vlasnik obavlja likvidaciju, on će

obavijestiti vjerovnike 15 dana prije likvidacije.25

Nakon raspada obrta, bivši vlasnik je dužan vratiti dug nastao tijekom postojanja obrta. Nakon

raspada obrta, njegova imovina će biti isplaćena u sljedećem redu prvenstva:26

1. plaće i premije osiguranja se isplaćuju;

2. porez se plaća;

3. ostali dugovi.

Ako se imovinom ne može vratiti dugovi, vlasnik će pridonijeti svoju drugu osobnu imovinu

radi pokrića razlika.27

Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira prestanak i likvidaciju obrta u Kini.25 DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the People’s Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 <raspoloživo na: http://www.chinalawblog.com/NewCompanyLaw.pdf> [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (If the craft be dissolved, owner conducts liquidation himself or creditors will seek to determine the liquidator to carry out the liquidation. If the owner performs liquidation, he shall inform the creditors 15 days prior to liquidation.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira prestanak i likvidaciju obrta u Kini.26 MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 <raspoloživo na: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-China/Local%20Assets/Documents/cn_RE_China-Partnership_210409.pdf> [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (After the collapse of trade, the former owner is obliged to repay the debt incurred during the existence of crafts. After the collapse of trade, its assets will be paid in the following order of precedence: salaries and insurance premiums are paid; the tax is paid; other debts.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira prestanak i likvidaciju obrta u Kini.27 LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 39 (If the property can not return the debts, the owner will contribute his other personal assets to cover the difference.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira prestanak i likvidaciju obrta u Kini.