ENGLISH EXAM CENTER - YDS DERS NOTLARIenglishexamcenter.com/pdf/EECDERSNOTLARI.pdf · / / Bütün adaylara YDS'de başarılar dileriz! Sayfa 1 R ENGLISH EXAM CENTER - YDS …

Bütün adaylara YDS'de başarılar dileriz! Sayfa 1

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ENGLISH EXAM CENTER - YDS DERS NOTLARI www.englishexamcenter.com / www.uzaktanyds.com / www.passagework.com

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Evidence for (-nın kanıtı) Evidence of (-nın kanıtı) However rich he is, he isn’t happy.

(“However” yapısı kendisinden sonra sıfat ya da zarf alıp yan cümlecik ve ana cümleciği bağlayabilir.) Ayşe is not at home, but at work.

(“…değil, …” anlamı veren “not…, but…” kalıbı parallel bir kalıptır ve “not” yerine olumsuzluk veren başka yapılar da kullanılabilir.) Consecutively Subsequently Successively (ard arda; bunun ardından…) Rather than Instead of In place of (-nın yerine; -den ziyade; -dense) _____ I could. I like. (Boşluktan sonra bu şekilde kısa ifadeler varsa çok büyük ihtimalle orada bir “as..as” ya da “more than…” yapısı gibi bir kısaylama ifadesi kullanılır.) “as…as...” yapısının devamına aşağıdaki yapılar

getirilebilir.) as …as ______.

isim/zamir I do. (SVO) . do I. (Devrik cümle) to Vo (...yapacak kadar) Ayşe spend as much as I earn on a day Ayşe spend as much as do I earn on a day.

At the expense of = -nın zararına, -nın sırtından

__________. Indeed, In fact, As a matter of fact, ____.

Bu zarflar bir önceki cümlenin daha vurgulu bir ifadesinin olduğu bir cümleye geçiş sağlarlar) I don’t need money whatsoever. (“whatsoever”

yapısı olumsuz cümlede bir ismin ardından gelir ve Türkçe’deki “Paraya maraya ihtiyacım yok” anlamındaki ikilemeyi sağlar)

Shortcoming Pitfall Defect Flaw Disadvantage (Bu kelimeler “eksiklik”, “kusur”, “dezavantaj” anlamı verirler) Put into effect/use/market (-yı uygulamay koymak, piyasaya sürmek) Go into effect (uygulamaya girmek) Come into effect Distinct Different from (-den farklı)

Distinguish between … Effect on Impact on Influence on I am of the opinion that….. (Görüşüm ….)

Nesnesi eksik bir yan cümlecik bu üç bağlaç kullanılarak bir ana cümlecğe bağlanabilir. ___ you know, she is student.

As (-dığı gibi) As far as (-dığı kadarıyla) So far as All the students but Ahmet failed.

(“But” bağlacı bu tür kullanımda “hariç” anlamı verip “except” ya da “except for” gibi bir kullanıma sahiptir.) Make up for = compensate for = “telafi etmek”, “karşılamak”… Eradicate Wipe out Stamp out Clear out (kökünü kazımak, yok etmek) To ……….extent/degree

To some extent (kısmen) To what extent (hangi oranda) To a large extent (büyük oranda) To a little extent (azıcık) (“to…extent” ya da “to …degree” kalıbı araya çeşitli yapılar alarak kullanılabilir. As yet = şimdilik



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Instead of Rather than In place of (-nın yerine; -den ziyade; -dense) Whereby = by means of which (-...yoluyla;

…aracılığıyla; …vasıtasıyla) This is the method whereby you can treat malaria.

(“whereby” yapısı Adjective Clause yapar ve bir ismi niteler.) I wanted Ahmet to sleep, but he did otherwise.

(“Otherwise” yapısı bir zarftır ve “yoksa, aksi takdirde” anlamının yanı sıra “aksi, tersi” anlamı da vardır) Clockwise (saat yönü) Anti-clockwise (saat yönünün tersi) From …. to (hem “zaman” hem “yer” ifadelerinde) From ….until (sadece “zaman” ifadelerinde) From …..till (sadece “zaman” ifadelerinde)

As you know, _________. As far as So far as

(Bu şekilde nesnesi eksik olan bir ifadenin yan cümlecik olmasını “as”, “as far as” ve “so far as” bağlaçları sağlayabilir. Bu durmda devamlarına tam cümle (ana cümlecik) getirilir. ) Ayşe, if she studies hard, can pass the exam.

(“Bağlaç+yan cümlecik” bu şekilde ana cümleciğin içine yerleştirilebilir) Pitfall Flaw Disadvantage Defect Shortcoming (eksiklik, kusur, dezavantaj) I am of the opinion that ……… (görüşüm….)

All students but Ahmet failed the exam.

(“But” bağlacı bu tür kullanımda “hariç” anlamı verip “except” ya da “except for” gibi bir kullanıma sahiptir.) I have no option but to study.

(“But” bağlacı genelde devamına bir fiil alacaksa fiilin “to Vo” halini alır) Spot Point where SVO

Process by which SVO

Situation Condition Disease in which SVO

Environment Circumstance Be subject to -e maruz kalmış Be exposed to Play Take an important part/role in

Under the terms of …(-nın şartlarına göre) Under the orders of (-nın komutasında)

Under the supervision of (-nın denetiminde) Under the rule of (-nın idaresinde) Parity with (ile eşitlik) Take into consideration (göz önüne almak) Take into account (hesaba katmak) Regardless of Irrespective of

(-yı dikkate almadan, -yı hesaba katmadan) However rich he is, he isn’t happy.

(However + adj/adv +S V, SVO) However you will design your room is up to you.

(However “Noun Clause” yapmıştır….) However we travel, it is going to be a long journey.

(However Yan cümlecik, Ana cümlecik. “sadece vasıta bildirirken”) (“However” yapısı bu üç durum dışında öncesinde bir cümle olmaksızın cümle başında kullanılamaz.) Cooperation with = ..ile işbirliği On a basis (“on a regular basis” = düzenli olarak) On a level (“on a high level” = yüksek seviyede) On a scale (“on a large scale” = büyük ölçekli)

In the wake of = -nın ardından In its wake = onun ardından What I want to know is where she was yesterday.

(Bu cümlede hem özneyi hem de tamamlayıcıyı Noun Clause yapıalrı oluşturmuştur)



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Whereby = by means of which

(-...yoluyla; …aracılığıyla; …vasıtasıyla) This is the method whereby you can treat malaria.

(“whereby” yapısı Adjective Clause yapar ve bir ismi niteler.) To ……….extent/degree

To some extent (kısmen) To what extent (hangi oranda) To a large extent (büyük oranda) To a little extent (azıcık) (“to…extent” ya da “to …degree” kalıbı araya çeşitli yapılar alarak kullanılabilir. Replace …with (..ile değiştirme) Subsititute …with (ile değiştirme) Apprehensive = anxious, worried (endişeli) Comprehensive = thorough = exhaustive (kapsamlı) Charge …with (ile suçlamak) Accuse …of (ile suçlamak) Blame … for (ile suçlamak) Appeal for = ask for (talep etmek, istemek) Appeal to = attract (cezbetmek) Appeal = temyize gitme Cümle zarfları bağlaçlar gibi yan cümlecik ve ana

cümlecik şeklinde iki cümleciği bağlayamaz. Bu yapılartın öncesinde noktalı virgül veya nokta ile bitmiş bir cümle olmalıdır. Yanlış olmasına rağmen bazen ilk cümlenin sonuna sadece virgül geldiği de görülebilir. Bulundukları cümle içinde ise cümle başında, sonunda veya ortasında bir yerde olabilirler. _____; Otherwise, ______. _____. ______ otherwise. _____; ___ otherwise___.

Yaygın kullanılan diğer başlıca cümle zarfları aşağıdadır. Therefore, Thus, Hence, As a result However, Nevetheless, Nonetheless, Still, Even so Instead, Besides, In addition, Moreover, Furthermore In spite, On the contrary, In contrast, On the other hand

1980 is a notorious year for Turkey.

(Özne geçmişi gösteren bir zaman ifadesi olsa da zaman Present olabilir)

Seem Appear to V0 prove Replacement = subsititute Particularly; In particular; Especially; Notably

(Some countries, especially Turkey,…)

Bu zarflar bir grubun içinden bir ögeyi ön plana çıkarmak için kullanılırlar. Malaria is a disease _in which__ SVO.

disorder ailment illness impairment infirmity condition environment situation circumstance Cleft Sentence:

It boş öznesinden sonra vurgulamak istediğimiz bilgi bir isim ise devamına Adjective Clause yazılır.

Vurgulacak bilgi bir sıfat, edat öbeği, zarf veya zarf cümleciği ise devamına "that clause" getirilir. It was Ahmet who broke the window. It was in Ankara that I met her. It is because I am with you that they don't love me.

Pertaining to = related to With regard to As regards Regarding “-e gelince, söz konusu … olunca” As for As to Teem with “ile dolu olmak) Abound in Be full with Be stuck with Frankly, (dürüst olmak gerekirse) Honestly, To be honest, To be frank, Agree with smb Agree on/about smt

As well as Besides NP, ___________. (prep)

In addition to (Bu yapılar Prep oldukları için devamların Noun Phrase (NP) alırlar.)



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If not necessary, __SVO__. (zorunlu olmasa da.) (“If

not…,” yapısı bu şekilde kullanıldığında “-olmasa da” ya da “…-e rağmen” anlamı verir. ______, and therefore _____ thus hence thereby (Bu kullanımda cümle "and" bağlacını esas alarak

devam ettirilir.

I first saw her in the concert.

(“First” yapısı zarf olduğunda “ilk kez” anlamı verir ve genelde Past ifade eder) The first man to leave the building was….

(“The first/second”; “The best/most”; ve “The only” yapıları devamlarına fiili çoğunlukla “to Vo” şeklinde alırlar.) Make something known = introduce (tanıtmak,

piyasaya sürmek) Draughtsman (verimsiz) X prolific (üretken) That is In other words = başka bir deyişle Namely To put it differently Within the reach of… X Out of reach

= keep this out of children’s reach. Range from ….to... (-den ….-e çeşitlik gösteren) Vary from …to...

As for -e gelince As regards söz konusu … olunca As to Regarding With regard to Whether or / Whether or not

Bu şekilde karşımıza çıkarsa hem Noun Clause (...mı olduğu yoksa ...mı olduğu; ...olup olmadığı) hem de Adverb Clause (...da olsa ... da olsa; ...olsa da olmasa da) yapabilir. Whether tek başına kullanıldığında “olup olmadığı”

anlamı ile sadece Noun Clause yapar. …..so that …can/could…. …..in order that …………

(-sın diye: devamlarına genelde “modal” alırlar)

Research on Study in/into Inquiry

(spesifik olursa “on) (genel alan olursa “in” ya da “into) Search for (-bir şeyin araştırması)

They were surprised/amazed/shocked at/by …..

__Much_ to their surprise/amazement,

__Much___ to the surprise of them,

particularly = in particular (özellikle) accordingly = in accord (buna uygun olarak) essentially = in essential generally = in general My doctor gave me a recipe. And I eat everything accordingly.

Resident (bir yerde ikamet eden) Dweller Settler Inhabitant In place of = instead of Be Composed of “-den oluşmak” Consist of Include Be made of Prevail (v) “hüküm sürmek” In Turkey common sense prevails.

Prevelance (n) “yaygınlık” Remarkable (dikkate değer oranda, önemli) Significant Considerable Important Seep into = -e sızmak Abolish = revoke = annul = repeal (geçersiz kılmak, yürürlükten kaldırmak) Sensitive to Susceptible to -e karşı savunmasız olma Vulnerable to -e hassas She is like my mother. (“like” benzetme yapar)



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Occur = take place = come about (olmak, meydana gelmek) Null and void = invalid Convert Turn Transform to/into Change Should have V3 Ought to have V3 -meliydin ama ... Was/were supposed to Vo was/were to have V3 Point Spot where.. SVO Process means by which SVO Situation Condition Disease in which SVO

Circumstance Environment Be exposed to -e maruz kalmış Be subject to He resorted to violence to get his money back. (-e

başvurmak) As a last resort, ……. (Son çare olarak) Can you write in English? (Bir “dilde” bir şey yazmak

… “in” edatı olur) Stray off –den sapmak Adapt = adapte etmek Adopt = benimsemek; evlat edinmek Appease Soothe “sakinleştirmek, yatıştırmak” Sedate Tranquilize There has been a decrease in prices by 10 %.

By 10 % = at the rate of 10%.

Irrespective of = regardless of

(-yı dikkate almadan, -yı hesaba katmadan) Expand into …. Develop into … (büyüyerek) …-e haline gelmek

Thereby sonuç zarfı cümle başı hariç cümle içinde

her yerde bulunabilir. Ayrıca, bitmiş bir cümleyi takiben devamına Ving alarak kullanılıp sonuç işaret edebilir veya "and" bağlacını takip edebilir. He won the lottery, thereby becoming the richest man in the town. (kendisinden sonra Ving) He won the lottery. He was thereby chosen the leader of the team. (cümle ortasında) He is a good player, and thereby knows how to play. He married and thereby lost touch with us. (Bu cümlede “and” kuralları geçerli) As it is stated in the passage, As is stated in the passage, As stated in the passage, As in the passage, …………………. Result from = stem from Result in = lead to = cause = bring about = give rise to = contribute to Found – founded- founded / establish (kurmak) Find – found – found (bulmak) Abolish = revoke = annul = repeal (yürürlükten kaldırmak) Osmanlı Beyliği expanded into an empire.

Under the orders of = -nın yönetimi altında Under the supervision of = -nın denetimi altında Under the terms of = -nın şartlarına göre

Soothe = appease = sedate = tranquilize sakinleştirmek Subsequently Successively …ardından Consecutively Successor = halef Predecessor = selef Irrespective of = regardless of = …maksızın Comply with = Abide by = stick to = “e bağlı kalma” Generosity Attitude to / towards Sensitivity From 1920 onward, As of 1920, As from 1920, Carry out = conduct = perform = do



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play take a role / a part in Wipe out Stamp out Eradicate Clear out As regards Regarding As for “-e gelince, söz konusu …olunca” As to With regard to

Exhaustive = comprehensive = thorough = “kapsamlı, etraflı” go on strike = greve gitmek such adj+noun as (kıyaslama) such (adj) noun as (örnekleme)

effect on impact on influence on date back - geçmişe (-e dayanmak) date from - günümüze (-den kalmak) He is known to posterity by this book. (..tarafından

bilinmek) “by” yerine “to” He is known for this book. (ile tanınmak, ile ünlü

olmak) He is known as the best player. (…olarak görülmek)

Compensate for == Make up for “tazmine tmek, telafi etmek, karşılamak” I don’t love you any more I don’t love you any longer. (artık) I no longer love you. Do you have any more questions? (daha fazla…) No, sir. I have no more questions. (daha fazla yok)

Ayşe, if she studies hard, can pass the exam.

(“bağlaç+yan cümlecik” kısmı ana cümleciğin içine konulabilir) Have ….... to do with = -ile alakası olmak something nothing little … It is necessary for me to pass the exam. (for + Object + to Vo)

Commonplace = widespread “yaygın” May well Might well = may / might / could Could well May as well Might as well = had better Be composed of be made up of consist of contain include rely on / upon depend on / upon count on / upon account for make up constitute comprise “oluşturmak” considerable “ciddi miktarda; önemli” remarkable significant important considerate = thoughtful She is at home and is cooking. but; and; or; so

Bu bağlaçlar paraleldir. Bu yüzden ortak özne ikinci cümlede tekrar etmeyebilir. two-thirds (2/3) one-third (1/3) one-sixth (1/6) One of my friends = a friend of mine I no longer love you. I don’t love you any longer. any more. Only a few = few (“only few” olmaz) Only a little = little (“only little” olmaz) Suggest Suspect that Imply Ask/wonder that (olmaz) Ask/wonder wh-/how/whether (olur)

I need to go. My shirt needs to be ironed / ironing.

Long-lasting product (uzun ömürlü)



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The + noun + of + noun The leg of the table It was not Ali but Hüseyin who broke the window.

"not...but..." kalıbı "...değil ..." anlamı verir. This is the method whereby you can treat malaria. by means of which put emphasis on put importance on put premium on am/is/are Ving for two weeks (olmaz)

was/were Ving will be Ving

bu yapıların perfect (has been Ving...etc) halleri olur.

Deal Amount sayılamayan göbek kelimeleri Quantity

A ……… deal of money/water ______. In contrast, ___ (bunun aksine) In spite (buna rağmen) Instead (bunun yerine) In contrast to/with NP, ___. (-nın aksine) In spite of (-e rağmen) Instead of (-nın yerine) Consecutively (ard arda) Subsequently Successively Instead of : -nın yerine Rather than :-den ziyade In place of : -nın yerine …….____ you like/ I can / I could. “gibi kısa

cümlecik varsa genelde As…as More than So… as …vb. kıyaslama yapıları doğru olur. …………… the other students passed. the other student passed. (the other yapısı devamına hem tekil isim alabilir

hem çoğul isim alabilir. Ayrıca, tekil bir ismin yerine ikame olur. “the others” ise çoğul ismin yerine ikame

olur) I did it myself. (özne ile reflexive uyumlu olmalı)

I saw Ahmet himself. (reflexive nesneyi

vurgulayabilir)

By + reflexive

- yardım almadan - yalnız

I answered the question by myself = on my own. He is at home by himself = on his own.

I am at home alone. // I am lonely. For + reflexive = birinci elden tanıklık

See it for yourself. (Kendin gör…) One of my friends = A friend of mine Situation Condition in which SVO Disease Book All students but Ahmet failed the test.

“But” bu cümlede “hariç” anlamındadır. “except” ya da “except for” olabilirdi. He is known to the posterity by this book.

(Gençlik tarafından …tanınıyor) Compensate for Make up for Detrimental to Harmful to He learned that Ahmet was the PM then.

Be regarded as be known as be cited as be recognized as be acknowledged as Wipe out Eradicate Stamp out clear out appalling staggering stunning lead to cause bring about give rise to result in contribute to result from stem from arise from with a view to = -nın amacıyla



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irrespective of + NP = ...-ya bakmaksızın regardless of I don’t need money whatsoever. (whatsoever olumsuz cümlede bir isimden sonra

gelir ve onu pekiştirir) He is rich. he isn’t happy though. He though isn’t happy

(“though” zarf olunca cümle başı hariç her yerde kullanılabilir) Regard…as…. (aktif) Be regarded as (pasif) Be known as Be acknowledged as (olarak bilinmek) Be counted as Be cited as I did this myself.

(özne ve reflexive uyumlu) I did this by myself / on my own. I saw Ahmet himself. (reflexive nesneyi vurguluyor) I myself saw Ahmet. (reflexive özneyi vurguluyor) See it for yourself. (birinci elden tanıklık) In particular Especially Notably Particularly (özellikle) Convert … into/in Turn Change transform point where SVO

spot As it is in the others, …..

As in the others, …….. (kısaltılmış hali) The + noun …”of ”… + noun In the light of … I am surprised at/by I am dissappointed with/by She answered the question herself. itself

(her iki reflexive de kullanılabilir ama anlam farklıdır) on a level on a scale on a basis

pertaining to = related to turn out to V0 stamp out wipe out eradicate clear out clear away at birth by birth spend …on on display = gösterimde olan date back date from ail = halt ailment impairment infirmity One …. Another… Two….. One…. The other… To a …… extent degree acquire (v) (edinmek) acquisition (n) (edinim) Prior to (prep) = before Priority = privilege Unparalleled Unprecedented unique I was surprised by / at

__much___ To their surprise/amazement ___much___To the surprise of them

process by which SVO

point spot where SVO

at present presently = now currently goods commodity = meta, eşya



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make use of take advantage of -den faydalanmak

utilize exploit tool device appliance = alet, cihaz, aygıt equipment instrument if not necessary = zorunlu olmasa da

subject = citizen perpetual permanent constant = sürekli, kalıcı continuous perennial resist to resistant to = -e direnç… resistance to Such countries as Turkey….. (örnekleme)

Regardless of = -e bakmaksızın Irrespective of This income which is thereby made available to them is….. (pasif yapının içinde kullanılmış) Flagging Staggering = bocalayan, sendeleyen Stunning Effect on Impact on Influence on Stare at Gaze at = -e dik dik bakmak Tend to Be liable to = -e eğilimi olmak Be inclined to Be predisposed to Be prone to That is In other words = Başka bir deyişle Namely Turn out to V0

Some countries, such as Turkey, are…. like

Common sense should prevail. (egemen olmak)

Prevalance (n) Prevalant / dominant (adj) Leak (v) sızdırmak Leakage (n) sızdırma, sızıntı Seep into -e sızmak She is at home and is sleeping.

(“and” bağlacı paralel olduğu için ikinci cümlenin öznesi kullanılmadı) It lasted for 3 years

It lasted until 1990. Put emphasis on

importance pressure attach significance to

importance attack on assault on from 1950 onward (-den bu yana)

backward sideward upward…. As for As regards söz konusu … olunca As to -e gelince Regarding With regard to Stamp out Wipe out - kökünü kazımak Eradicate - silmek Clear out Extinguish - söndürmek Put out Lucrative Profitable (adj) “kârlı” As OF 1970, …. As FROM 1970, From 1970 onwards, In charge of (-nın sorumluluğunda) Reponsible for



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When he graduated from university, … On / Upon graduating from university, ….. On / Upon his graduation, ……… (“when” bağlacı “on” ve “upon” edatları ile de

kısaltılabilir) I am like my father.

(“be like” benzemek anlamındadır) Occur Take place (olmak, meydana gelmek) Come about Only few (yanlış) only a few (doğru) = few

Only little (yanlış) only a little (doğru) = little

leave out = not include keep up with = aynı seviyede kalmak catch up with = aynı seviyeye gelmek sort out figure out = çözümlemek; anlamak work out make out stand for = symbolize in charge of = responsible for take up with make up for = compensate for with the weather being rainy, we stayed ..

(farklı özneler olduğunda “with” ile kısaltma yapılır. Bağlaç yerine “with” yazılır ve fiil normal kısaltma kurallarına göre kısaltılır) growth in (-da büyüme) growth of (-nın büyümesi) draw up (tasarlamak, hazırlamak) be affiliated with (ile bağlantılı) lucrative = profitable at a low ebb = çok kötü durumda vulnerable susceptible to “-e karşı savunmasız/hassas”

sensitive Pay attention to

by means of via by = yoluyla, aracılığıyla

through thorough = kapsamlı throughout = boyunca wrap …up = sarmak; sonlandırmak be wrapped into = -e sarılı ____. In comparison, _______. In comparison to / with NP, _______. This job offers lots of opportunities. This book offers …. (“offer” fiili “sunmak” anlamında genelde V1 olur) “Alike” yapısı 3 şekilde kullanılır. They are alike / similar. (adj) They behave alike / similarly. (adv) Girls and boys alike = Both girls and boys

Be regarded as Be known as Be acknowledged as “..olarak görülmek” Be recognized as Be cited as Be viewed as Get over Recover from “iyileşmek” Pull through Get rid of The number of students is…

(“the number” yapısı “-nın sayısı” anlamındadır ve tekildir) Generosity Attitude Sensitivity = to / toward Swing Arise from Result from “-den kaynaklanmak” Stem from Eradicate Stamp out “kökünü kazımak” Wipe out Clear out Transform Convert into / to Turn Change



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To …. extent / degree As yet = şimdilik Whose is this book? Whose book is this? (iki şekil de olur)

Rather than = -mektense / -den ziyade Instead of In place of I wanted him to stay at home, but he did otherwise.

(“otherwise” bir zarftır ve her yere gelir) Clockwise / anti-clockwise Depend on / upon Rely on / upon Come up with (solution, idea, proposal…) produce from 1920 to/till/until 1930 (zaman) from Ankara to Istanbul (yer) She, if she studies hard, can pass the exam. (yan cümlecik araya girebilir) As you know, As far as I know, So far as I know, __ Main Clause____.

(bu cümlede “know” fiilinin nesnesi olmasa da devamına Noun Clause değil Main Clause gelir, çünkü bu yapılar bağlaçtır) Pitfall Flaw Shortcoming “eksiklik; kusur” Defect Drawback Disadvantage Over For During the last/past …(have/has V3) In

Disease Situation __in which__ SVO. Condition where (olabilir ama ilk tercih değildir) "However" devamına sıfat ya da zarf alarak bağlaç da olabilir. Önündeki cümleyle zıtlık kuran zarf olarak da kullanılabilir. However rich he is, he isn’t happy. (bağlaç)

(“-e rağmen” anlamında) He is rich; however, he isn’t happy. (zarf) nevertheless nonetheless “ama yine de”

Under the terms of Under the orders of Under the supervision of …. Under consideration Under construction

Parity with = “ile eşit” Regardless of “-e bakmaksızın” Irrespective of Arise from Result from “-den kaynaklanmak” Stem from Get rid of “den kurtulmak” Get out of At the expense of …. –nın zararına each other = one another _____. In fact, Indeed, As a matter of fact, _______. (bu yapılar bir önceki cümleyi vurgular) Shortcoming Pitfall Drawback Flaw “eksiklik, kusur” Disadvantage defect I have no problem whatsoever with you.

(“whatsoever” yapıs olumsuz cümlede bir isimin ardından gelir ve onu pekiştirir) Effect on Influence on Impact on I am of the opinion that …SVO…

Under consideration = düşünce aşamasında

Take into consideration = göz önüne almak Take into account = hesaba katmak Put into effect Put into use Put into/onto market

Go into effect Come into effect ____ you know, I am a teacher.

(bu cümlede “know” fiilinin nesnesi olmasa day an cümlecik yapabilen “as”, “just as”, “as far as” ve so far as” bağlaçları olabilir)



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Some countries, such as / like Turkey, are… (örnekleme) In charge of = -den sorumlu Responsible for In advance = önceden beforehand in confidence = confidential = gizli in secrecy exploit = sömürmek; sonuna kadar kullanmak expose (v) maruz bırakmak Rather than Instead of -nın yerine/-den ziyade In place of I have just recognized how much is at stake. (pabucun pahalı olduğunu anladım)

Patrol (v) = gezinmek, dolaşmak The table the leg of which is broken is in my room.

(“of which” aitlik ifade edecekse önünde bu şekilde aralarında aitlik bağı olan iki Noun phrase olur) I am like my father.. I look like my father.

(gibi gözükmek, -e benzemek) Leave out = not include As of 1920, ….itibariyle As from 1920, From 1920 on/onward/onwards, = -den itibaren Ankara is centered (yer ifade ederken) located placed situated stand for = symbolize When he graduated from univeristy, … On/Upon graduating…., On/Upon his graduation, (“when” bağlacı “on/upon” edatları ile de kısaltılbailir) Put …. into force/market/use

Come Go into use/market/force Take something for granted

= önemsememek; = bir şeyi görmezden gelmek;

grant (v) bahşetmek, vermek grant (n) burs, yardım play take a …role/part in I am of the opinion that…

Be of…. –e haiz olmak; -e sahip olmak

This agreement is of importance.

Make out Figure out Find out anlamak, çözümlemek Work out Sort out Take up

= hobiye başlamak/ zaman & yer doldurmak take up with = zaman & yer doldurmak

look down on = disdain = despise = scorn employ (v) employer (n) işveren employee (n) işçi employment (n) unemployment (n) Ban on Prohibition on Teem with “ile dolu olmak” Abound in Be full with Be made up of Be composed of Be comprised of “-den oluşmak” Consist of Include Make up = : Uydurmak : Makyaj yapmak : oluşturmak

send off = give off = emit = release One ….. . Another …. Two things ….. One … The other … comply with conform with “-e bağlı olmak” abide by stick to turn out to V0



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for this reason for a variety of reasons fall into disrepute = gözden düşmek

fall into disfavour She is sure that ….. (Adj + that)

Comprehensive = etraflı, kapsamlı Exhaustive thorough compulsory obligatory mandatory keep out = not enter leave out = not include wrap up = finish / sarmak The Sun rises… (doğar…) Be superior to (-e üstün olmak) Be inferior to (-den aşağı olmak) “Alike” yapısı 3 şekilde kullanılabilir.

1) We are alike/similar. 2) Treat them alike/similarly. 3) Girls and boys alike = both girls and boys

Put up with = tolerate = katlanmak; tolerans tanımak

Catch up with = aynı seviyeyi yakalamak Keep up with = ayak uydurmak, aynı seviyede olmak

Make out Figure out “anlamak; çözümlemek” Work out Sort out Find out

Take after = resemble, look like

Let down = dissappoint

Work out Come up with “üretmek” Produce

Involuntary= impulsive = unintentional Bring about Cause -“ile sonuçlanmak” Lead to Result in give rise to

On a level On a basis On a scale To a large extent… = largely = büyük oranda

Astounding Staggering Stunning “şaşırtıcı” appalling at …pace (…hızında)

Apart from Besides As well as In addition to killing germs, this vaccine also does harm to the surrounding tissues. Conclusive = convincing = persuasive Deal with Cope with Tackle Handle

Trivial = unimportant = insignificant Medium, media Be made up of Be comprised of -den oluşmak Consist of Include… Be subject to Be exposed to Impact on Influence on Effect on Be regarded as Be recognized as = olarak görülmek Be cited as Be known as Be acknowledged as Take care of = look after

Make up for = compensate for

Keep up with =-e ayak uydurmak, aynı seviyede kalmak Catch up with = -i yakalamak Keep in touch with = irtibat halinde kalmak Get in touch with = irtibata geçmek



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This job offers lots of opportunities.

(“offer” fiili “sunmak” anlamında genelde V1 olur) At the rate of… “-nın oranında”

concur with =aynı zamana denk düşmek coincide with

fall into disfavor = gözden düşmek fall into disrepute

My students differ in/in terms of age. vary range attitude generosity sensitivity towards / to sympathy Recover from Get over = iyileşmek Pull through Carry out Do an experiment, a research …. perform make out work out figure out “çözümlemek, anlamak” find out sort out settle down = sakinleşmek; yerleşik düzene geçmek bring about lead to cause “-e sebep olmak” result in give rise to contribute to convert into transform into “-e dönüştürmek” change into turn into in excess of = –nın fazlası; -den fazla more than significant important remarkable = dikkate değer considerable outstanding To the detriment of = -nın zararına

Detrimental to = -e zararlı

apparently seemingly = görünüşe göre it seems that be happy with be pleased with in danger of = -nın tehlikesinde at the rate of = -nın oranında

at temperature

as a result of as a consequence of because of = -den dolayı due to = -nın sayesinde owing to thanks to on account of over for during the last/past …have/has V3.. in

abate decrease “azalmak” diminish fall She likes tea. I do, too. (olumlu katılım)

Quantity Deal of ….+ “sayılamayan isimler) amount

the noun of noun the leg of the table

differ in size/colour vary in / in terms of

…….. suggest suspect that imply wonder “that” almaz ask (sormak) susceptible to vulnerable to “-e karşı savunmasız” sensitive to take into account = hesaba katmak take into consideration = dikkate almak



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_______. Indeed In fact As a matter of fact, _______. (bu yapılar bir önceki cümleyi vurgularlar) Depend on / upon Rely on/upon Trust / count on Tend to Be liable to Be prone to -e yatkın, -e eğilimli Be predisposed to Successive Consecutive = ard arda Subsequent Keep up with = aynı seviyede kalmak Catch up with = aynı seviyeyi yakalamak Each student learns at a different pace.

In the course of = -nın esnasında Be compatible with… = ile uyumlu Make use of Take advantage of -den faydalanmak Utilize Incident = olay, vaka Incidence = görülme sıklığı, insidans Subsititution = replacement Respond to (v) Response to (n) In response to = -e cevap olarak Keep Involve Consider Ving alırlar

Appreciate Enjoy………. Intend Tend Claim Decide Seem to V0 alırlar

Appear Prove By means of By = vasıtasıyla

Through Via

Fall into disrepute = gözden düşmek Fall into disfavour Proportinate to = ile orantılı Be addicted to = -e bağımlı Difficulty Trouble (in) Ving Beyond borders… “sınırlar ötesinde” Beyond recognition … tanınamayacak kadar

One ……another On behalf of In behalf of = -nın adına In the wake of In the aftermath of = -nın ardından Be of = -e haiz olmak; -e sahip olmak This is of importance. = This is important.

Be regarded as Be cited as = olarak görülmek Be known as Be acknowledged as Be recognized as Be prone to Be liable to Tend to “-e yatkın” Be disposed to Stamp out Wipe out Eradicate “kökünü kazımak” Clear out Evidence of / for

Particularly Especially Notably In particular Put on weight

Put/Place pressure on Put/Place importance on Put/Place emphasis on Come across Run into Bump into “şans eseri karşılaşmak” Meet by chance Keep in touch with “ile temasta kalmak” Get in touch with “ile temasa geçmek” Be exposed to “-e maruz kalmış” Be subject to



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Affluent Rich Prosperous Developed “zengin” well-off wealthy disorder ailment disease “hastalık, bozukluk” illness defect impairment Unmistakably = istisnasız Result from Stem from “-den kaynaklanmak” Arise from have something to do with = alaka var nothing = alaka yok Turkey is getting more and more populated.

(bu yapıda genelde “be Ving” kullanılır)

She has the same problems that I have with my parents. (“the same…as” yerine “the same …that” yapısı da olabilir ama “that” yapısından sonra cümle gelir.) This is too difficult a quesiton.

(“Too” yapısı devamına sıfat ya da zarf alır. İsim alması için bu şekilde “a/an” araya gelmelidir) This city is supposed to have been founded in 1920.

(pasif yapıdan sonra fiil “to Vo” olur. “To have V3” ise eylem daha once olmuşsa kullanılır.) Differ in / in terms of

Vary “…bakımından farklılık göstermek Range Die of Die from -den ölmek Rampant = commonplace = yaygın Be confined to Be limited to =ile sınırlı Be restricted to

In the course of…..= -nın esnasında The course of our life…. = = hayatımızın gidişatı

My aim is to be a successful business man. being (“be” fiilinden sonra tamamlayıcı olarak “to Vo” ya da “Ving” gelebilir) Evidence of -nın kanıtı Evidence for Due to Thanks to Because of Owing to -den dolayıo On account of As a result of As a consequence of Irrespective of -yı dikkate almadan Regardless of In order to So as to V0 “-mek için” to property characteristics “özellik” feature in proportion to “-e oranla” proportinate to proportion to “-e oranlı” proportion of… “-nın oranı” rank first “birinci sırada” rank second “ikinci sırada” light up = enlighten = aydınlatmak make do with = ile yetinmek priority =privilege work out = geliştirmek (yol, yöntem..) help to Vo Vo Considerable Remarkable Significant “dikkate değer oranda” Important Sensitive to “-e karşı savunmasız/hassas” Vulnerable to Susceptible to



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Make … available to “ulaşılabilir kılmak” Make … accessible to Alleviate Diminish Decrease “azaltmak; azalmak” Abate Fall Recover from Get over “-den iyileşmek” Pull through Look over = look through = göz gezdirmek Make do with = ile idare etmek Keep up with = aynı seviyede kalmak Catch up with = aynı seviyeyi yakalamak Decrease in Fall in “-de düşüş” Increase in….. Disease Situation Condition in which SVO Infection An increase in prices by 5%... Carry out

Conduct a research/a survey/an experiment…

Do Perform Spot Point where SVO

Process by which / whereby / through which Wonder (bu fiilller “that” almaz) Ask Comprehensive = exhaustive = thorough As to

As for “-e gelince, söz konusu …olunca” As regards Regarding With regard to As well as In addition to NP, _______.

Besides

Be inclined to Tend to Be prone to “-e yatkın” Be liable to Be disposed to Rely on Depend on Count on* Make out Figure out Find out Work out * Sort out * Look down on Humiliate İnsult Deal with* Cope with Tackle Handle Overcome Jeopordize Endanger Put into danger Make up for Compensate for Decay Decompose deteriorate make up account for bear out justify rectify prove be composed of be made up of contain include consitute be comprised of look after = take care of (be) concern(ed) for over about be concerned with



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send off emit release send out give off seem appear to Vo prove abide by conform with stick to comply with by via by means of through fall into disrepute fall into disfavour teem with be full with abound in be stuck with chiefly mainly largely to a large extent Put pressure on Exert Put up with = tolerate Cut back on = decrease Bring off = achieve, succeed Come across Bump into Meet by chance He based his theory on a recent development. His theory is based on… Considerable Remarkable Significant Noticeable Essentially = in esence

Particularly = in particular Partly = in part Attack on Assault on Adhere …to… Attach … to… Pay attention to… Occur Take place Come about Arise Shortage Lack Absence of Paucity Ayşe lacks in this ability. Replace Supplant İn the course of = -nın esnasında Recruit…. for a position Hire Employ However rich he is, he isn’t happy. However we travel, we cannot get there on time. Conceive Gestate = become pregnant Vulnerable to Susceptible to Sensitive to İn excess = more than needed İn excess of = more than At cost… Smell Look Feel like + noun Sound taste ten-fold = ten times



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look forward to = long for assign = appoint Susceptible Vulnerable to Sensitive Descendant Expose = unearth = uncover = disclose Take ___ for granted Underestimate Write off Relatively = comparatively Permanently Perpetually Perennially Costantly Continually Ready for… Responsible for… Confide in … Pull through Get over Recover …Much..to my surprise/amazement,…. Much…..to the surprise of them, …….. I was suprised at/by….. Allocate Allot Allow Medium - media Datum – data Harmful to Detrimental to To the detriment of Look after = take care of Remarkable Considerable

Noticeable Significant İmportant Rely on, Depend on Count on * (trust) Make out Figure out Work out * Find out Sort out* Carry out Do Conduct Perform in danger At risk At the rate of… (Be) Concern(ed) for over about Be concerned with impact on effect on influence on at temperature alleviate abate diminish decrease play role in take role in play part in take part in insult humiliate look down on vulnerable to susceptible to sensitive to



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pull through recover from get over transform change convert into turn in the course of = -nın esnasında put out = extinguish ten-folds = ten times make use of take advantage of utilize fall – fell – fallen feel – felt – felt deal with tackle cope with overcome handle fall into disrepute fall into disfavour lay emphasis on = attach importance to put put pressure on treatment medication remedy in proportion to proportionate to in the aftermath of in the wake of negligible = trivial = unimportant be prone to tend to be liable to be inclined to be disposed to Be exposed to Be subject to

Affluent Wealthy Rich Well-off Occur Take place Come about Arise / arose (V2) arouse = uyandırmak Be restricted to Be limited to Be confined to Be constrained by Put pressure on Exert Culminate in Result in Lead to Bring about Cause Give rise to Work out = come up with Comfortable At ease Complacent With ease = easily Blast = explosion Come across Bump into Meet by chance Run into Keep in touch with Get in touch with Look forward to = long for Seem Appear to Vo Prove Result from Stem from Arise from Remedy Medication Treatment



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Research Study in/into İnquiry investigation as for as to as regards regarding with regard to indulge in… in danger of at risk relatively comparatively rampant prevalent predominant common widespread die of die from stripped of nutrients = besinden arınmış a key factor in… Ving a major factor in … pandemic epidemic endemic =local regardless of = irrespective of The secret lies in/is here… The responsibility lies with/belongs to the company. Vulnerable to Susceptible to Sensitive to Endanger = jeopordize = put into danger Alleviate Diminish Abate Decrease Decline….

Bacteria bacterium Data datum Media medium Conceive = gestate = become pregnant Perpetually Permanently = sürekli olarak Perennially Constantly Precisely = accurately Look through = look over Be responsible for Be in charge of Out of print = baskısı bitmiş Seem Prove to Vo = …gibi görünmek Appear Obscure =karmaşık, belirsiz İntricate Wipe out Eradicate =kökünü kazımak, yok etmek Stamp out Clear out Make out Find out Figure out Work out* = come up with Sort out* = to put into categories Take after = resemble = benzemek İnfluence İmpact on =…üstüne etki effect let down = disappoint = hayal kırıklığına uğratmak significant important remarkable =önemli, dikkate değer oranda noticeable considerable insignificant trivial = önemsiz unimportant



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arise from result from = -den kaynaklanmak stem from arise take place coma about = olmak, meydana gelmek occur take over = assume = üstlenmek make up = account for = oluşturmak make up = invent = uydurmak seek search for = …yı aramak look for on a scale =…ölçekte on a level =…seviyede on a basis =…temelde astounding staggering stunning = şaşırtıcı appalling amazing cope with deal with * tackle = üstesinden gelmek, alt etmek overcome handle be made up of be comprised of = -den oluşmak be composed of constitute profound = derin deep influence impact on = …üzerine etki effect medium = means = vasıta, araç, yol media (çoğul) = vasıtalar evidence of = -nın kanıtı evidence for teem with abound in = ile dolu olmak be full with be stuck with,

be taken for granted = önemsenmemek go unappreciated be inclined to be prone to tend to = …-ya eğilimli be liable to Backward = retarded = geri kalmış Catch up with = aynı seviyeye çıkmak Keep up with = aynı seviyede kalmak Conceive Gestate = gebe kalmak Become pregnant Under control… = kontrol altında Control over…. = …üstünde kontrol Formerly = previously = once = in the past Consistent with…. = ile tutarlı Coincide with = ile denk düşmek Fall into disrepute Fall into disfavour = gözden düşmek A number of = numerous = scores of = birçok Intervene = interfere with = araya girmek With ease = easily = kolayca At ease = comfortable = rahat Commodity = goods = things = eşya, mal unparalleled unprecedented = eşsiz, unique so far = up to now = to date = hitherto = bu güne kadar triumph over… = -e galip gelmek capital punishment = death penalty = ölüm cezası abolish revoke annul = kanunu yürürlükten kaldırmak repeal neutral impartial = tarafsız unbiased embark on/upon = commence = start



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confer on/upon = give honor to… = attach importance to… discrepancy difference = farklılık inconsistency = tutarsızlık be noted for be known for = ile ünlü be famous for intimidate = frighten = korkutmak once alive = dead = ölü Arise Take place Occur = olmak, meydana gelmek Come about Emerge* Make use of Take advantage of = -den faydalanmak Utilize Backward = retarded Catch up with = aynı seviyeye çıkmak Keep up with = aynı seviyede kalmak Conceive Gestate Become pregnant Under control… Control over…. Formerly = previously = once = in the past Consistent with…. = ile tutarlı Coincide with = ile denk düşmek Fall into disrepute Fall into disfavour = gözden düşmek A number of = numerous = scores of Intervene = interfere with With ease = easily At ease = comfortable Commodity = goods = things unparalleled unprecedented unique

so far = up to now = to date = hitherto triumph over… = -e galip gelmek capital punishment = death penalty abolish revoke annul repeal neutral impartial unbiased embark on/upon = commence = start confer on/upon = give honor to… = attach importance to… discrepancy difference inconsistency be noted for be known for be famous for intimidate = frighten intimate = once alive = dead Arise Take place Occur Come about Emerge* Make use of Take advantage of Utilize I no longer love you. I don’t love you any longer/any more.

I have no more questions. I don’t have any more questions.

All (that) I need is some love. (Noun Clause yapabilen tek determiner “all” yapısıdır.) Regardless of = Irrespective of = …dikkate almadan, hesaba katmadan



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_____. Meanwhile, _____ (bu arada) In the meantime, Besides As well as Apart from In addition to killing the germs, this vaccine also kils

the healthy cells. (-nın yanı sıra)

_____. Moreover, _____ (Bunun yanı sıra) Further, Furthermore Besides In addition in advance = beforehand = önceden largely because / due to /..etc. partly as for as to as regards = -e gelince, -- bakımından regarding with regard to This product doesn’t receive the recognition it

deserves. Since + Ving / V3 (kısaltma), __have/has V3_____ Reflexive Pronouns:

Myself, herself… By + reflexive; I did it by myself / on my own. For + reflexive = See it for yourself. (1.el tanıklık) I myself cooked this cake. I saw Ahmet himself. One of …… Another / The other…. No /not….. but to Vo Be about to V0 = I am about to die. Be due to V0 = The film is due to. This question is of importance. (sahiplik var / has) =

is important. Company (n) = eşlik Accompany (v) = eşlik etmek

From…on / onward / onwards Take part/role/place in Play Besides In addition to ..NP., ___also____ As well as Apart from in advance = beforehand = önceden Make up for = compensate for

Documents

ENGLISH EXAM CENTER - YDS DERS NOTLARIenglishexamcenter.com/pdf/EECDERSNOTLARI.pdf · / / Bütün adaylara YDS'de başarılar dileriz! Sayfa 1 R ENGLISH EXAM CENTER - YDS …