English Important Document

48. Một số ngữ động từ thường gặp

Đó là những động từ kết hợp với 1, 2 hoặc đôi khi 3 giới từ, khi kết hợp ở dạng như vậy ngữ nghĩa của chúng thay đổi hẳn so với nghĩa ban đầu.

To break off: chấm dứt, cắt đứt, đoạn tuyệt.

To bring up: nêu ra, đưa lên một vấn đề

To call on: yêu cầu / đến thăm

To care for: thích / trông nom, săn sóc (look after)

To check out (of/from) a library: mượn sách ở thư viện về

To check out: điều tra, xem xét.

To check out (of): làm thủ tục để ra (khách sạn, sân bay) <> check in.

To check (up) on: điều tra, xem xét.

To close in (on): tiến lại gần, chạy lại gần

To come along with: đi cùng với

To count on = depend on = rely on

To come down with: mắc phải một căn bệnh

Do away with = get rid of: tống khứ, loại bỏ, trừ khử

To daw up = to draft: soạn thảo (một kế hoạch, một hợp đồng)

To drop out of = to withdraw from: bỏ (đặc biệt là bỏ học giữa chừng)

To figure out: Hình dung ra được, hiểu được.

To find out: khám phá ra, phát hiện ra.

To get by: Lần hồi qua ngày, sống sót qua được

To get through with: kết thúc

To get through to: thông tin được cho ai, gọi được cho (điện thoại), tìm cách làm cho hiểu

To get up: dậy/ tổ chức.

To give up: bỏ, từ bỏ

To go along with: đồng ý với

To hold on to: vẫn giữ vững, duy trì

To hold up: cướp / vẫn giữ vững, vẫn duy trì, vẫn sống bình thường, vẫn dùng được (bất chấp sức ép bên ngoài hoặc sử dụng lâu)

To keep on doing smt: vẫn tiếp tục không ngừng làm gì

To look after: trông nom, săn sóc

To look into: điều tra, xem xét

To pass out = to faint: ngất (nội động từ, không dùng bị động)

To pick out: chọn ra, lựa ra, nhặt ra

To point out: chỉ ra, vạch ra

To put off: trì hoãn, đình hoãn

To run across: khám phá, phát hiện ra (tình cờ)

To run into sb: gặp ai bất ngờ

To see about to: lo lắng, săn sóc, chạy vạy

To take off: cất cánh <> to land

To take over for: thay thế cho

to talk over: bàn soạn, thảo luận về

to try out: thử nghiệm, dùng thử (sản phẩm)

to try out for: thử vai, thử giọng (1 vở kịch, buổi biểu diễn)

To turn in: giao nộp, đệ trình / đi ngủ

To watch out for: cảnh giác, để mắt, trông chừng (cả nghĩa đen lẫn nghĩa bóng)

15 . Dùng trợ động từ để diễn đạt tình huống quá khứ (modal + perfective)

15.1 Could, may, might + have + P2 = có lẽ đã

Diễn đạt một khả năng có thể đã xảy ra ở quá khứ song người nói không dám chắc.

It may have rained last night, but I'm not sure.He could have forgotten the ticket for the concert last night.I didn't hear the telephone ring, I might have been sleeping at that time.The cause of death could have been bacteria.John migh have gone to the movies yesterday.

15.2 Should have + P2 = Lẽ ra phải, lẽ ra nên

Chỉ một việc lẽ ra đã phải xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vì lí do nào đó lại không xảy ra.

Maria shouldn't have called John last night. (She did call him)John should have gone to the post office this morning.The policeman should have made a report about the burglary.

Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng cụm từ was/were supposed to + [verb in simple form] để thay cho should + perfective.

John was supposed to go to the post office this morning.The policeman was supposed to make a report about the burglary. (Anh ta đã không lập biên bản vụ trộm)

15.3 Must have + P2 = chắc là đã, hẳn là đã

Chỉ một kết luận logic dựa trên những hiện tượng có đã xảy ra ở quá khứ (nghĩa 2 của must ở phần trên). Chú ý rằng không bao giờ dùng cấu trúc này với nghĩa 1. Chỉ được dùng had to hoặc should + perfective hoặc be supposed to khi diễn tả một trách nhiệm bắt buộc ở quá khứ.

The grass is wet. It must have rained last night.(It probably rained last night)Jane did very well on the exam. She must have studied hard.I didn't hear you knock, I must have been gardening behind the house

16. Cách dùng should trong một số trường hợp cụ thể khác

Diễn đạt kết quả của một yếu tố tưởng tượng: SẽIf I was asked to work on Sunday I should resign.

Dùng trong mệnh đề có that sau những tính từ chỉ trạng thái như anxious/ sorry/ concerned/ happy/ delighted...: Lấy làm ... rằng/ lấy làm ...vìI'm anxious that she should be well cared for.(Tôi lo lắng rằng liệu cô ấy có được săn sóc tốt không)We are sorry that you should feel uncomfortable(Chúng tôi lấy làm tiếc vì anh thấy không được thoải mái)That you should speak to him like that is quite astonishing(Cái cách mà anh nói với anh ấy như vậy quả là đáng ngạc nhiên).

Dùng với if/in case để chỉ một điều khó có thể xảy ra, người ta đưa ra ý kiến chỉ đề phòng ngừa.If you should change your mind, please let me know.In case he should have forgotten to go to the airport, nobody will be there to meet her.(Ngộ nhỡ ông ấy quên ra sân bay, thì sẽ không có ai ở đó đón cô ta mất)

Dùng sau so that/ in order that để chỉ mục đích (Thay cho would/ could)He put the cases in the car so that he should be able to make an early start.She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand.

Dùng trong lời yêu cầu lịch sựI should like to make a phone call, if possible.(tôi xin phép gọi điện thoại nếu tôi có thể)

Dùng với imagine/ say/ think... để đưa ra lời đề nghị: Thiết tưởng, cho làI should imagine it will take about 3 hours(Tôi thiết tưởng công việc sẽ tốn mất 3 giờ đồng hồ đấy).I should say she's over 40(Tôi cho là bà ta đã ngoài 40)

Dùng trong câu hỏi để diễn tả sự nghi ngờ, thiếu chắc chắnHow should I know? (Làm sao tôi biết được kia chứ)Why should he thinks that? (sao nó lại nghĩ như vậy chứ)

Dùng với các đại từ nghi vấn như what/ where/ who để diễn tả sự ngạc nhiên, thường dùng với "But".I was thinking of going to see John when who should appear but John himself.(Tôi đang tính là đến thăm John thì người xuất hiện lại chính là anh ấy)What should I find but an enormous spider(Cái mà tôi nhìn thấy lại chính là một con nhện khổng lồ)

7. Một số động từ đặc biệt (need, dare, to be, get)

7.1 Need

7.1.1 Need dùng như một động từ thường:

a) Động từ đi sau need chỉ ở dạng nguyên thể khi chủ ngữ là một vật thể sống:

My friend needs to learn Spanish.He will need to drive alone tonight.John needs to paint his house.

b) Động từ đi sau need phải ở dạng verb-ing hoặc dạng bị động nếu chủ ngữ không phải là vật thể sống.

The grass needs cutting OR The grass needs to be cut.The telivision needs repairing OR The TV needs to be repaired.Your thesis needs rewriting OR Your thesis needs to be rewritten.

Chú ý:

need + noun = to be in need of + noun

Jill is in need of money. = Jill needs money.The roof is in need of repair. = The roof needs repairing.

Want và Require cũng đôi khi được dùng theo mẫu câu này nhưng không phổ biến:

Your hair wants cuttingAll cars require servicing regularly

7.1.2 Need dùng như một trợ động từ

Chỉ dùng ở thể nghi vấn hoặc phủ định thời hiện tại. Ngôi thứ ba số ít không có "s" tận cùng. Không dùng với trợ động từ to do. Sau need (trợ động từ) là một động từ bỏ to:We needn't reserve seats - there will be plenty of rooms.Need I fill out the form?

Thường dùng sau các từ như if/ whether/ only/ scarcely/ hardly/ no oneI wonder if I need fill out the form.This is the only form you need fill out.

Needn 't + have + P2 : Lẽ ra không cần phảiYou needn't have come so early - only waste your time.

Needn't = không cần phải; trong khi mustn't = không được phép.You needn’t apply for a visa to visit France if you hold a EU passport, but if you are not an EU citizen, you mustn’t unless you have a visa.

7.2 Dare (dám)

7.2.1 Dùng như một nội động từ

Không dùng ở thể khẳng định, chỉ dùng ở thể nghi vấn và phủ định.Did they dare (to) do such a thing? = Dared they do such a thing? (Họ dám làm như vậy sao?)He didn't dare (to) say anything = He dared not say anything. (Anh ta không dám nói gì.)

Dare không được dùng ở thể khẳng định ngoại trừ thành ngữ I dare say/ I daresay với 2 nghĩa sau:Tôi cho rằng: I dare say there is a restaurant at the end of the train.Tôi thừa nhận là: I daresay you are right.

How dare/ dared + S + Verb in simple form: Sao ... dám (tỏ sự giận giữ)How dared you open my letter: Sao mày dám mở thư của tao.

7.2.2 Dùng như một ngoại động từ

Mang nghĩa “thách thức”: Dare sb to do smt = Thách ai làm gìThey dare the boy to swim across the river in such a cold weather.I dare you to touch my toes = Tao thách mày dám động đến một sợi lông của tao.

7.3 Cách sử dụng to be trong một số trường hợp

To be of + noun = to have: có (dùng để chỉ tính chất hoặc tình cảm)Mary is of a gentle nature = Mary có một bản chất tử tế.

To be of + noun: Nhấn mạnh cho danh từ đứng đằng sauThe newly-opened restaurant is of (ở ngay) the Leceister Square.

To be + to + verb: là dạng cấu tạo đặc biệt, sử dụng trong trường hợp:- Để truyền đạt các mệnh lệnh hoặc các chỉ dẫn từ ngôi thứ nhất qua ngôi thứ hai đến ngôi thứ ba.No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.- Dùng với mệnh đề if khi mệnh đề chính diễn đạt một câu điều kiện: Một điều phải xảy ra trước nếu muốn một điều khác xảy ra. (Nếu muốn... thì phải..)If we are to get there by lunch time we had better hurry.Something must be done quickly if the endangered birds are to be saved.He knew he would have to work hard if he was to pass his exam- Được dùng để thông báo những yêu cầu xin chỉ dẫn:He asked the air traffic control where he was to land.- Được dùng khá phổ biến để truyền đạt một dự định, một sự sắp đặt, đặc biệt khi nó là chính thức.She is to get married next month.The expedition is to start in a week.We are to get a ten percent wage rise in June.- Cấu trúc này thông dụng trên báo chí, khi là tựa đề báo thì to be được bỏ đi.The Primer Minister (is) to make a statement tomorrow.

were + S + to + verb = if + S + were + to + verb = thế nếu (một giả thuyết)Were I to tell you that he passed his exams, would you believe me.

was/ were + to + verb: Để diễn đạt ý tưởng về một số mệnh đã định sẵnThey said goodbye without knowing that they were never to meet again.Since 1840, American Presidents elected in years ending in zero were to be died (have been destined to die) in office.

to be about to + verb = near future (sắp sửa)They are about to leave.

Be + adj ... (mở đầu cho một ngữ) = tỏ ra...Be careless in a national park where there are bears around and the result are likely to be tragical indeed.

Be + subject + noun/ noun phrase/ adjective = cho dù là ...Societies have found various methods to support and train their artists, be it the Renaissance system of royal support of the sculptors and painters of the period or the Japanese tradition of passing artistic knowledge from father to son. (Ở các xã hội đều tìm thấy một số phương pháp hỗ trợ và đào tạo các nghệ sỹ, cho dù là hệ thống hỗ trợ các nhà điêu khắc và hoạ sỹ của các hoàng gia thời kỳ Phục hưng hay phương pháp truyền thụ hiểu biết nghệ thuật từ cha sang con theo truyền thống Nhật Bản)To have technique is to possess the physical expertise to perform whatever steps a given work may contain, be they simple or complex. (Có được kỹ thuật là sẽ có được sự điêu luyện để thực hiện bất kỳ thao tác nào mà một công việc đòi hỏi, cho dù là chúng đơn giản hay phức tạp)

7.4 Cách sử dụng to get trong một số trường hợp:

7.4.1. To get + P2

get washed/ dressed/ prepared/ lost/ drowned/ engaged/ married/ divorced.Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy một việc gì hoặc tình huống mà chủ ngữ đang gặp phải.You will have 5 minutes to get dressed.(Em có 5 phút để mặc quần áo)He got lost in old Market Street yesterday. (tình huống bị lạc đường)Tuyệt nhiên không được lẫn trường hợp này với dạng bị động.

7.4.2. Get + V-ing = Start + V-ing: Bắt đầu làm gì

We'd better get moving, it's late.

7.4.3. Get sb/smt +V-ing: Làm cho ai/ cái gì bắt đầu.

Please get him talking about the main task. (Làm ơn bảo anh ta hãy bắt đầu đi vào vấn đề chính)When we get the heater running, the whole car will start to warm up. (Khi chúng ta cho máy sưởi bắt đầu chạy..)

7.4.4. Get + to + verb

- Tìm được cách.We could get to enter the stadium without tickets.(Chúng tôi đã tìm được cách lọt vào...)- Có cơ mayWhen do I get to have a promotion? (Khi nào tôi có cơ may được tăng lương đây?)- Được phépAt last we got to meet the general director. (Cuối cùng thì rồi chúng tôi cũng được phép gặp tổng đạo diễn)

7.4.5. Get + to + Verb (về hành động) = Come + to + Verb (về nhận thức) = Gradually = dần dần

We will get to speak English more easily as time goes by.He comes to understand that learning English is not much difficult.

22 . Much, many, a lot of và lots of – trong một số trường hợp khác

22.1 Much & many

Many hoặc much thường đứng trước danh từ. Many đi với danh từ đếm được và much đi với danh từ không đếm được:

She didn’t eat much breakfast.(Cô ta không ăn sáng nhiều)There aren’t many large glasses left.(Không còn lại nhiều cốc lớn)

Tuy nhiên much of có thể đi với tên người và tên địa danh:

I have seen too much of Howard recently.(Gần đây tôi hay gặp Howard)Not much of Denmark is hilly.(Đan mạch không có mấy đồi núi)

Many/much of + determiner (a, the, this, my... ) + noun.

You can’t see much of a country in a week.(Anh không thể biết nhiều về một nước trong vòng một tuần đâu.)I won’t pass the exam. I have missed many of my lessons.(Tôi sẽ không thoát được kỳ thi này mất, tôi bỏ quá nhiều bài.)

Many và much dùng nhiều trong câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn, trong câu khẳng định có thể dùng các loại từ khác như plenty of, a lot, lots of... để thay thế.

How much money have you got? I’ve got plenty.He got lots of men friends, but he doesn’t know many women.

Tuy vậy trong tiếng Anh, much và many vẫn được dùng bình thường trong câu khẳng định.

Much has been written about the causes of unemployment in the opinion of many economists.

Much dùng như một phó từ (much đứng trước động từ nhưng đứng sau very và sau cấu trúc phủ định của câu):

I don’t travel much these days. (much = very often)I much appreciate your help. (much=highly)We very much prefer the country to the town.Janet much enjoyed her stay with your family.

Much too much / many so many (để nhấn mạnh) dùng độc lập sau mệnh đề chính, trước danh từ mà nó bổ ngữ.

The cost of a thirty-second commercial advertisement on a television show is $300,000, much too much for most business.

Many a + singular noun + singular verb: Biết bao nhiêu.

Many a strong man has disheartened before such a challenge.(Biết bao chàng trai tráng kiện đã nản lòng trước một thử thách như vậy)I have been to the top of the Effeil tower many a time.

Many’s the + {smt that / sbody who} + singular verb

Many’s the student who couldn’t follow the post-graduate courses at universities and colleges under the pressure of money.(Biết bao nhiêu sinh viên đã không thể theo học các trường ĐH và CĐ do thiếu tiền)Many’s the promise that has been broken.(Biết bao nhiêu lời hứa đã bị phản bội)

22.2 Phân biệt alot/ lots of/ plenty/ a great deal với many/ much

Các thành ngữ trên đều có nghĩa tương đương với much/ many (nhiều) và most (đa phần). A lot of/ lots of (informal) = a great deal/ a large number of/ much/ many (formal).

Không có khác nhau gì mấy giữa a lot of và lots of. Chủ ngữ chính sau hai thành ngữ này sẽ quyết định việc chia động từ.

a lot oflots of

| uncountable noun + singular verb| plural noun + plural verb

A lot of time is needed to learn a language.Lots of us think it’s time for an election.

Plenty of được dùng phổ biến trong informal English.Don’t rush, there’s plenty of time.Plenty of shops take checks.

A large a mount of = a great deal of + non-count noun (formal English)I have thrown a large amount of old clothing.Mr Lucas has spent a great deal of time in the Far East.

A lot và a great deal có thể được dùng làm phó từ và vị trí của nó là ở cuối câu.On holiday we walk and swim a lot.The gorvernment seems to change its mind a great deal.

22.3 More & most

More + noun/noun phrase: dùng như một định ngữWe need more time.More university students are having to borrow money these day.

More + of + personal/geographic namesIt would be nice to see more of Ray and Barbara.(Rất hay khi được gặp Ray và Barbara thường xuyên hơn.)Five hundred years ago, much more of Britain was covered with trees.(500 năm trước đây, đa phần nước Anh phủ nhiều rừng hơn bây giờ nhiều)

More of + determiner/pronoun (a/ the/ my/ this/ him/ them...)He is more of a fool than I thought.(Nó là một thằng ngu hơn tôi tưởng nhiều)Three more of the missing climbers have been found.Could I have some more of that smoked fish.I don’t think any more of them want to come.

One more/ two more... + noun/ noun phraseThere is just one more river to cross.

Nhưng phải dùng cardinal number (số đếm) + noun + more (Five dollars more) nếu more mang nghĩa thêm nữa.He has contributed $50, and now he wants to contribute $50 more.

Most + noun = Đa phần, đa sốMost cheese is made from cow’s milk.Most Swiss people understand French.

Most + determiner/ pronoun (a, the, this, my, him...) = Hầu hết...He has eaten 2 pizzas and most of a cold chicken.Most of my friends live abroad.She has eaten most of that cake.Most of us thought he was wrong.

Most cũng được dùng thay cho một danh từ, nếu ở trên, danh từ hoặc chủ ngữ đó đã được nhắc đến.Some people had difficulty with the lecture, but most understood.Ann and Robby found a lot of blackberries, but Susan found the most.

Most + adjective khi mang nghĩa very (không phổ biến)That is most kind of you.Thank you for a most interesting afternoon.

22.4 Long & (for) a long time

Long được dùng trong câu hỏi và câu phủ định.Have you been waiting long?It does not take long to get to her house.She seldom stays long.

(for) a long time dùng trong câu khẳng địnhI waited for a long time, but she didn’t arrive.It takes a long time to get to her house.

Long cũng được dùng trong câu khẳng định khi đi với: too, enough, as, soThe meeting went on much too long.I have been working here long enough. It’s time to get a new job.You can stay as long as you want.Sorry! I took so long.

Long before (lâu trước khi)/ long after (mãi sau khi)/ long ago (cách đây đã lâu)We used to live in Paris, but that was long before you were born.Long after the accident he used to dream that he was dying.Long ago, in a distant country, there lived a beautiful princess.

Long mang vai trò phó từ phải đặt sau trợ động từ, trước động từ chính:This is a problem that has long been recognized.

All (day/ night/ week/ year) long = suốt cả...She sits dreaming all day long(Cô ta ngồi mơ mộng suốt cả ngày).

Before + long = Ngay bây giờ, chẳng bao lâu nữaI will be back before long(Tôi sẽ quay lại ngay bây giờ).

Trong câu phủ định for a long time (đã lâu, trong một thời gian dài) khác với for long (ngắn, không dài, chốc lát)She didn’t speak for long.(She only spoke for a short time)She didn’t speak for a long time.(She was silent for a long time)

25 . Một số cấu trúc cầu khiến (causative)

25.1 To have sb do sth = to get sb to do sth = Sai ai, khiến ai, bảo ai làm gì

I’ll have Peter fix my car.I’ll get Peter to fix my car.

25.2 To have/to get sth done = làm một việc gì bằng cách thuê người khác

I have my hair cut. (Tôi đi cắt tóc - chứ không phải tôi tự cắt)I have my car washed. (Tôi mang xe đi rửa ngoài dịch vụ - không phải tự rửa)

Theo khuynh hướng này động từ to want và would like cũng có thể dùng với mẫu câu như vậy: To want/ would like Sth done. (Ít dùng)I want/ would like my car washed.Câu hỏi dùng cho loại mẫu câu này là: What do you want done to Sth?What do you want done to your car?

25.3 To make sb do sth = to force sb to do sth = Bắt buộc ai phải làm gì

The bank robbers made the manager give them all the money.The bank robbers forced the manager to give them all the money.

Đằng sau tân ngữ của make còn có thể dùng 1 tính từ: To make sb/sth + adj

Wearing flowers made her more beautiful.Chemical treatment will make this wood more durable

25.4.1 To make sb + P2 = làm cho ai bị làm sao

Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday.

25.4.2 To cause sth + P2 = làm cho cái gì bị làm sao

The big thunder storm caused many waterfront houses damaged.

Nếu tân ngữ của make là một động từ nguyên thể thì phải đặt it giữa make và tính từ, đặt động từ ra phía đằng sau: make it + adj + V as object.The wire service made it possible to collect and distribute news faster and cheaper.

Tuy nhiên nếu tân ngữ của make là 1 danh từ hay 1 ngữ danh từ thì không được đặt it giữa make và tính từ: Make + adj + noun/ noun phrase.The wire service made possible much speedier collection and distribution of news.

25.5 To let sb do sth = to permit/allow sb to do sth = để cho ai, cho phép ai làm gì

I let me go.At first, she didn’t allow me to kiss her but...

25.6 To help sb to do sth/do sth = Giúp ai làm gì

Please help me to throw this table away.She helps me open the door.

Nếu tân ngữ của help là một đại từ vô nhân xưng mang nghĩa người ta thì không cần phải nhắc đến tân ngữ đó và bỏ luôn cả to của động từ đằng sau.

This wonder drug will help (people to) recover more quickly.

Nếu tân ngữ của help và tân ngữ của động từ sau nó trùng hợp với nhau, người ta sẽ bỏ tân ngữ sau help và bỏ luôn cả to của động từ đằng sau.

The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation.

25.7 Ba động từ đặc biệt: see, watch, hear

Đó là những động từ mà ngữ nghĩa của chúng sẽ thay đổi đôi chút khi động từ sau tân ngữ của chúng ở các dạng khác nhau.+ To see/to watch/ to hear sb/sth do sth (hành động được chứng kiến từ đầu đến cuối)I heard the telephone ring and then John answered it.+ To see/to watch/ to hear sb/sth doing sth (hành động không được chứng kiến trọn vẹn mà chỉ ở một thời điểm)I heard her singing at the time I came home.

LIÊN TỪ (Conjunctions)

1. Định nghĩa: Liên từ là từ dùng để nối các từ loại, cụm từ hay mệnh đề.

2. Phân loại: Liên từ được chia làm hai loại chính:

a. Đẳng lập (song song): Dùng loại liên từ này để nối những các từ loại hoặc cụm từ/ nhóm từ cùng một loại, hoặc những mệnh đề ngang hàng nhau (tính từ với tính từ, danh từ với danh từ ...):

Ví dụ:

He and I are students.

She is beautiful and kind.

They are learning to read and write.

b. Liên từ phụ thuộc: Loại liên từ phụ thuộc nối kết các nhóm từ, cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề có chức năng khác nhau - mệnh đề phụ với mệnh đề chính trong câu.

3. Những liên từ Đẳng lập (song song):

Những liên từ Đẳng lập gồm:

AND

Ví dụ: She is a good and loyal wife.

I have many books and notebooks.

BOTH ... AND

Ví dụ: She is both good and loyal.

http://luyenthianhvan.org/2007/11/lin-t.html

They learn both English and French.

AS WELL AS

Ví dụ: He has experience as well as knownledge.

NO LESS THAN

Ví dụ: You no less than he are very rich.

NOT ONLY ... BUT (ALSO)

Ví dụ: He learns not only English but but (also) Chinese.

I like playing not only tennis but (also) football.

OR

Ví dụ: Hurry up, or you will be late.

EITHER...OR

Ví dụ: He isn't either good or kind.

I don't have either books or notebooks.

NEITHER ... NOR

Ví dụ: He drinks neither wine nor beer.

She has neither husband nor children.

BUT

Ví dụ: He is intelligent but very lazy.

She is ugly but hard-working.

THEN

Ví dụ: You have eaten nothing; then you must be very hungry.

The plant looks very faded; then it hasn't been watered for long.

CONSEQUENTLY

Ví dụ: You didn't work hard for this term; consequently, he failed the exam.

HOWEVER

Ví dụ: He is a very lazy student; however, he can pass all the exams easily.

It was raining very hard; however, we went out without umbrellar.

NEVERTHELESS

Ví dụ: She studies very hard; nevertheless, she always gets bad marks.

STILL, YET

Ví dụ: I speak to you peaceably; still/yet you will not listen.

She says she does not love me, yet, I still love her.

OR, ELSE, OTHERWISE

Ví dụ: We have to work hard, or/else/otherwise we will fail the exam.

ONLY

Ví dụ: Go where you like; only do not stay here.

THEREFORE

Ví dụ: He violated the traffic signs, therefore he was punished.

4. Những liên từ phụ thuộc (chính phụ):

Những liên từ phụ thuộc: FOR

Ví dụ: He will surely succeed, for (because) he works hard.

WHEREAS

Ví dụ: He learns hard whereas his friends don't.

Wise men love truth whereas fools avoid it.

WHILE

Ví dụ: Don't sing while you work.

Don't talk while you eat.

BESIDES, MOREOVER

Ví dụ: We have to study hard at school; besides, we must pay attention

to physical exercise.

He stole two watches; moreover, he broke the window.

SO

Ví dụ: He is a good teacher; so, he is very popular with students.

It rained very hard; so, we didn't go out that night.

HENCE

Ví dụ: I had not money about me; hence I did not buy the book.

He came late; hence, he missed the first part of the lesson.

- Liên từ nối mệnh đề (như trạng ngữ):

a. Thời gian (Time):

AFTER

Ví dụ: A man shoud take a little rest, after he has worked hard.

The ship was checked carefully after she had been built.

AS

Ví dụ: He came her, as the clock struck six.

They left as the bell rang..

AS SOON AS

Ví dụ: I will phone you as soon as I come home.

They will get married as soon as they finish university.

BEFORE

Ví dụ: Don't count your chickens before they are hatchd.

He talks as if he were very wise.

.

Ví dụ: He has been very weak, since he was taken sick.

AS LONG AS

Ví dụ: No one can harm us, as long as we remain friends.

I will lend you some money as long as you promise to pay me back.

UNTIL

Ví dụ: People do not know the value of health until they lose it.

WHEN

Ví dụ: When you visit this country, you should bring thick winter clothes.

WHILE

Ví dụ: Make hay while the sun shines.

Step while you dance.

b. Nơi chốn (Places):

WHERE

Ví dụ: The bed room is the best place where I do my homework.

WHEREVER

Ví dụ: His mother follows him wherever he goes.

I will go wherever to find a suitable job for me.

c. Thể cách (Manner):

AS

Ví dụ: Do as I told you to do.

AS IF

Ví dụ: He talks as if he knew everything about her.

He dances as if he were a professional dancer.

d. So sánh (Comparisons):

AS

Ví dụ: He is as tall as his brither.

This bag is as expensive as that one.

THAN

Ví dụ: She is more beautiful than her sister.

She looks fatter than his friend.

e. Lí do (Reasons):

AS

Ví dụ: As it rained very hard, we stopped they games.

BECAUSE

Ví dụ: We could not pass the test because we didn't learn hard.

I didn't meet her because she had left earlier.

SINCE

Ví dụ: I must go since she has telephoned three times.

f. Mục đích (Purposes):

THAT

Ví dụ: I work hard that I may succeed in life.

SO THAT

Ví dụ: We went very early so that we could catch the last bus.

IN ORDER THAT

Ví dụ: We learn French in order to study in France .

g. Điều kiện (Conditions) :

IF

Ví dụ: I will phone him if I have his phone number.

UNLESS (IF NOT)

Ví dụ: You will be late unless you set off now.

Unless you work hard, you will not pass the eams.

PROVIDED THAT

Ví dụ: I will pardon him provided that he acknowledge his fault.

You can enter the room provided that you have the ticket..

IN CASE

Ví dụ: You should take an umbrella in case it rains.

Please take a map with you in case (that) you may get lost.

h. Sự tương phản, trái ngược:

ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH

Ví dụ: Though/even though /although it rained hard, I went out with her.

AS

Ví dụ: Rich as he is, his isn't ever happy.

EVEN IF

Ví dụ: Even if my watch is right, we will be too late.

NOT WITH STANDING THAT

Ví dụ: He is poor not with standing that he works very hard.

VERBS AS COMPLEMENTS

a) Verbs that use the Ing form.

VERB+ GERUND (VERB-ING)

admit delay miss regret riskappreciate deny postpone report suggestavoid enjoy practice resent can’t help finish quit resist consider mind recall resume

SUBJECT+ VERB+ GERUND+ COMPLEMENT+ MODIFIER

I enjoyed studying English at School.

b) Verbs that use the infinitive form.

VERB+ INFINITIVE (TO VERB)

agree expect intend prepare tryattempt fail learn pretend wantclaim forget mean propose wishdecide have need refuse demand hesitate offer seem desire hope plan tend

I decided to refuse the invitation.

c) Sentences that don’t change meaning using Gerund or Infinitive


or


begin continuelike prefercan’t stand start love hate

d) Sentences that have different meaning


or


Stop,Remember,Forget,try

e) Sentences that the require the ING form with Prepositions

VERB+ PREPOSITION+ VERB-ING

EXCEPTION: But, except. Prepositions:

as a result of from in view of thanks toat in of throughbecause of in exchange for on account of withby means of in return for on the strength of withoutby virtue of in spite of out of for fear of in the face of owing to for lack of in the light of

for want of

He hid the wallet, for fear of being stolen.

f) Sentences that require the infinitive form with adjetives

ADJECTIVES + INFINITIVE

able dangerous good readyanxious difficult hard strangeboring eager pleased usualcommon easy prepared

VERB+ ADJECTIVE+ TO VERB

I’m pleased to meet youIt’s difficult to understand some people.

g) Pronoun before the Infinitive

SUBJECT+ VERB+ PRONOUN+ TO VERB

Allow

Ask

Beg

Convince

Expect

Instruct

Invite

Order

Permit

Persuade

Prepare

Promise

Remind

Urge

Want

Object pronoun:

ME, YOU, HIM, HER, IT, US, YOU, THEM.

He orders her to study for the test.

h) Verb -Ing plus possessive form

SUBJECT+ VERB+ POSSESSIVE FORM+ VERB-ING

Possessive form:

MINE, YOURS, HIS, HERS, ITS, YOURS, OURS, THEM, MY, YOU , HIS HER, ITS, YOURS, THEIR.

I understand her feeling.

i) Need

LIVING THING+ NEED+ INFINITIVE

THING+ NEED+ GERUND (ING)TO BE+ PAST PARTICIPLE

COUNT PENCIL, BOOK, ORANGE, PEOPLE

NON COUNT OR UNCOUNTABLEMONEY, SUGAR, FOOD

A, THE, SOME, ANY, THAT, THOSE, THIS, THESE, NONE, ONE, TWO, THREE,…..

THE, SOME, ANYTHIS, THAT (ONLY SINGULAR)NONE

MANY MUCH

A LOT OF A LOT OF

A LARGE NUMBER OF A LARGE AMOUNT OF

FEWER… THAN LESS…. THAN

MORE…. THAN MORE… THAN

(A) FEW (A) LITTLE

j) Subjunctives

VERBS WITH THAT:

Advice

Ask

Command

Decree

Demand

Desire

Insist

Move

Order

Prefer

Recommend

Request

Require

Stipulate

Suggest

Urge

SUBJECT+ VERB+ THAT+ SUBJECT+ VERB WORD + ….+

Joe prefers that she speak with him personally.

NOUNS WITH THAT:

RecommendationRequirementSuggestion

ADJECTIVES WITH THAT Advised

Imperative

Important

Mandatory

Necessary

Obligatory

Proposed

Recommended

Require

Suggested

Urgent

I

IT+ BE+ ADJECTIVE+ THAT+ SUBJECT+ VERB WORD

SYNONYMS FOR WORDS COMMONLY USED IN STUDENT'S WRITINGS

Amazing- incredible, unbelievable, improbable, fabulous, wonderful, fantastic, astonishing, astounding, extraordinary

Anger- enrage, infuriate, arouse, nettle, exasperate, inflame, madden

Angry- mad, furious, enraged, excited, wrathful, indignant, exasperated, aroused, inflamed

Answer- reply, respond, retort, acknowledge

Ask- question, inquire of, seek information from, put a question to, demand, request, expect, inquire, query, interrogate, examine, quiz

Awful- dreadful, terrible, abominable, bad, poor, unpleasant

Bad- evil, immoral, wicked, corrupt, sinful, depraved, rotten, contaminated, spoiled, tainted, harmful, injurious, unfavorable, defective, inferior, imperfect, substandard, faulty, improper, inappropriate, unsuitable, disagreeable, unpleasant, cross, nasty, unfriendly, irascible, horrible, atrocious, outrageous, scandalous, infamous, wrong, noxious, sinister, putrid, snide, deplorable, dismal, gross, heinous, nefarious, base, obnoxious, detestable, despicable, contemptible, foul, rank, ghastly, execrable

Beautiful - pretty, lovely, handsome, attractive, gorgeous, dazzling, splendid, magnificent, comely, fair, ravishing, graceful, elegant, fine, exquisite, aesthetic, pleasing, shapely, delicate, stunning, glorious, heavenly, resplendent, radiant, glowing, blooming, sparkling

Begin - start, open, launch, initiate, commence, inaugurate, originate

Big - enormous, huge, immense, gigantic, vast, colossal, gargantuan, large, sizable, grand, great, tall, substantial, mammoth, astronomical, ample, broad, expansive, spacious, stout, tremendous, titanic, mountainous

Brave - courageous, fearless, dauntless, intrepid, plucky, daring, heroic, valorous, audacious, bold, gallant, valiant, doughty, mettlesome

Break - fracture, rupture, shatter, smash, wreck, crash, demolish, atomize

Bright - shining, shiny, gleaming, brilliant, sparkling, shimmering, radiant, vivid, colorful, lustrous, luminous, incandescent, intelligent, knowing, quick-witted, smart, intellectual

Calm - quiet, peaceful, still, tranquil, mild, serene, smooth, composed, collected, unruffled, level-headed, unexcited, detached, aloof

Come - approach, advance, near, arrive, reach

Cool - chilly, cold, frosty, wintry, icy, frigid

Crooked - bent, twisted, curved, hooked, zigzag

Cry - shout, yell, yowl, scream, roar, bellow, weep, wail, sob, bawl

Cut - gash, slash, prick, nick, sever, slice, carve, cleave, slit, chop, crop, lop, reduce

Dangerous - perilous, hazardous, risky, uncertain, unsafe

Dark - shadowy, unlit, murky, gloomy, dim, dusky, shaded, sunless, black, dismal, sad

Decide - determine, settle, choose, resolve

Definite - certain, sure, positive, determined, clear, distinct, obvious

Delicious - savory, delectable, appetizing, luscious, scrumptious, palatable, delightful, enjoyable, toothsome, exquisite

Describe - portray, characterize, picture, narrate, relate, recount, represent, report, record

Destroy - ruin, demolish, raze, waste, kill, slay, end, extinguish

Difference - disagreement, inequity, contrast, dissimilarity, incompatibility

Do - execute, enact, carry out, finish, conclude, effect, accomplish, achieve, attain

Dull - boring, tiring,, tiresome, uninteresting, slow, dumb, stupid, unimaginative, lifeless, dead, insensible, tedious, wearisome, listless, expressionless, plain, monotonous, humdrum, dreary

Eager - keen, fervent, enthusiastic, involved, interested, alive to

End - stop, finish, terminate, conclude, close, halt, cessation, discontinuance

Enjoy - appreciate, delight in, be pleased, indulge in, luxuriate in, bask in, relish, devour, savor, like

Explain - elaborate, clarify, define, interpret, justify, account for

Fair - just, impartial, unbiased, objective, unprejudiced, honest

Fall - drop, descend, plunge, topple, tumble

False - fake, fraudulent, counterfeit, spurious, untrue, unfounded, erroneous, deceptive, groundless, fallacious

Famous - well-known, renowned, celebrated, famed, eminent, illustrious, distinguished, noted, notorious

Fast - quick, rapid, speedy, fleet, hasty, snappy, mercurial, swiftly, rapidly, quickly, snappily, speedily, lickety-split, posthaste, hastily, expeditiously, like a flash

Fat - stout, corpulent, fleshy, beefy, paunchy, plump, full, rotund, tubby, pudgy, chubby, chunky, burly, bulky, elephantine

Fear - fright, dread, terror, alarm, dismay, anxiety, scare, awe, horror, panic, apprehension

Fly - soar, hover, flit, wing, flee, waft, glide, coast, skim, sail, cruise

Funny - humorous, amusing, droll, comic, comical, laughable, silly

Get - acquire, obtain, secure, procure, gain, fetch, find, score, accumulate, win, earn, rep, catch, net, bag, derive, collect, gather, glean, pick up, accept, come by, regain, salvage

Go - recede, depart, fade, disappear, move, travel, proceed

Good - excellent, fine, superior, wonderful, marvelous, qualified, suited, suitable, apt, proper, capable, generous, kindly, friendly, gracious, obliging, pleasant, agreeable, pleasurable, satisfactory, well-behaved, obedient, honorable, reliable, trustworthy, safe, favorable, profitable, advantageous, righteous, expedient, helpful, valid, genuine, ample, salubrious, estimable, beneficial, splendid, great, noble, worthy, first-rate, top-notch, grand, sterling, superb, respectable, edifying

Great - noteworthy, worthy, distinguished, remarkable, grand, considerable, powerful, much, mighty

Gross - improper, rude, coarse, indecent, crude, vulgar, outrageous, extreme, grievous, shameful, uncouth, obscene, low

Happy - pleased, contented, satisfied, delighted, elated, joyful, cheerful, ecstatic, jubilant, gay, tickled, gratified, glad, blissful, overjoyed

Hate - despise, loathe, detest, abhor, disfavor, dislike, disapprove, abominate

Have - hold, possess, own, contain, acquire, gain, maintain, believe, bear, beget, occupy, absorb, fill, enjoy

Help - aid, assist, support, encourage, back, wait on, attend, serve, relieve, succor, benefit, befriend, abet

Hide - conceal, cover, mask, cloak, camouflage, screen, shroud, veil

Hurry - rush, run, speed, race, hasten, urge, accelerate, bustle

Hurt - damage, harm, injure, wound, distress, afflict, pain

Idea - thought, concept, conception, notion, understanding, opinion, plan, view, belief

Important - necessary, vital, critical, indispensable, valuable, essential, significant, primary, principal, considerable, famous, distinguished, notable, well-known

Interesting - fascinating, engaging, sharp, keen, bright, intelligent, animated, spirited, attractive, inviting, intriguing, provocative, though-provoking, challenging, inspiring, involving, moving, titillating, tantalizing, exciting, entertaining, piquant, lively, racy, spicy, engrossing, absorbing, consuming, gripping, arresting, enthralling, spellbinding, curious, captivating, enchanting, bewitching, appealing

Keep - hold, retain, withhold, preserve, maintain, sustain, support

Kill - slay, execute, assassinate, murder, destroy, cancel, abolish

Lazy - indolent, slothful, idle, inactive, sluggish

Little - tiny, small, diminutive, shrimp, runt, miniature, puny, exiguous, dinky, cramped, limited, itsy-bitsy, microscopic, slight, petite, minute

Look - gaze, see, glance, watch, survey, study, seek, search for, peek, peep, glimpse, stare, contemplate, examine, gape, ogle, scrutinize, inspect, leer, behold, observe, view, witness, perceive, spy, sight, discover, notice, recognize, peer, eye, gawk, peruse, explore

Love - like, admire, esteem, fancy, care for, cherish, adore, treasure, worship, appreciate, savor

Make - create, originate, invent, beget, form, construct, design, fabricate, manufacture, produce, build, develop, do, effect, execute, compose, perform, accomplish, earn, gain, obtain, acquire, get

Mark - label, tag, price, ticket, impress, effect, trace, imprint, stamp, brand, sign, note, heed, notice, designate

Mischievous - prankish, playful, naughty, roguish, waggish, impish, sportive

Move - plod, go, creep, crawl, inch, poke, drag, toddle, shuffle, trot, dawdle, walk, traipse, mosey, jog, plug, trudge, slump, lumber, trail, lag, run, sprint, trip, bound, hotfoot, high-tail, streak, stride, tear, breeze, whisk, rush, dash, dart, bolt, fling, scamper, scurry, skedaddle, scoot, scuttle, scramble, race, chase, hasten, hurry, hump, gallop, lope, accelerate, stir, budge, travel, wander, roam, journey, trek, ride, spin, slip, glide, slide, slither, coast, flow, sail, saunter, hobble, amble, stagger, paddle, slouch, prance, straggle, meander, perambulate, waddle, wobble, pace, swagger, promenade, lunge

Moody - temperamental, changeable, short-tempered, glum, morose, sullen, mopish, irritable, testy, peevish, fretful, spiteful, sulky, touchy

Neat - clean, orderly, tidy, trim, dapper, natty, smart, elegant, well-organized, super, desirable, spruce, shipshape, well-kept, shapely

New - fresh, unique, original, unusual, novel, modern, current, recent

Old - feeble, frail, ancient, weak, aged, used, worn, dilapidated, ragged, faded, broken-down, former, old-fashioned, outmoded, passe, veteran, mature, venerable, primitive, traditional, archaic, conventional, customary, stale, musty, obsolete, extinct

Part - portion, share, piece, allotment, section, fraction, fragment

Place - space, area, spot, plot, region, location, situation, position, residence, dwelling, set, site, station, status, state

Plan - plot, scheme, design, draw, map, diagram, procedure, arrangement, intention, device, contrivance, method, way, blueprint

Popular - well-liked, approved, accepted, favorite, celebrated, common, current

Predicament - quandary, dilemma, pickle, problem, plight, spot, scrape, jam

Put - place, set, attach, establish, assign, keep, save, set aside, effect, achieve, do, build

Quiet - silent, still, soundless, mute, tranquil, peaceful, calm, restful

Right - correct, accurate, factual, true, good, just, honest, upright, lawful, moral, proper, suitable, apt, legal, fair

Run - race, speed, hurry, hasten, sprint, dash, rush, escape, elope, flee

Say/Tell - inform, notify, advise, relate, recount, narrate, explain, reveal, disclose, divulge, declare, command, order, bid, enlighten, instruct, insist, teach, train, direct, issue, remark, converse, speak, affirm, suppose, utter, negate, express, verbalize, voice, articulate, pronounce, deliver, convey, impart, assert, state, allege, mutter, mumble, whisper, sigh, exclaim, yell, sing, yelp, snarl, hiss, grunt, snort, roar, bellow, thunder, boom, scream, shriek, screech, squawk, whine, philosophize, stammer, stutter, lisp, drawl, jabber, protest, announce, swear, vow, content, assure, deny, dispute

Scared - afraid, frightened, alarmed, terrified, panicked, fearful, unnerved, insecure, timid, shy, skittish, jumpy, disquieted, worried, vexed, troubled, disturbed, horrified, terrorized, shocked, petrified, haunted, timorous, shrinking, tremulous, stupefied, paralyzed, stunned, apprehensive

Show - display, exhibit, present, note, point to, indicate, explain, reveal, prove, demonstrate, expose

Slow - unhurried, gradual, leisurely, late, behind, tedious, slack

Stop - cease, halt, stay, pause, discontinue, conclude, end, finish, quit

Story - tale, myth, legend, fable, yarn, account, narrative, chronicle, epic, sage, anecdote, record, memoir

Strange - odd, peculiar, unusual, unfamiliar, uncommon, queer, weird, outlandish, curious, unique, exclusive, irregular

Take - hold, catch, seize, grasp, win, capture, acquire, pick, choose, select, prefer, remove, steal, lift, rob, engage, bewitch, purchase, buy, retract, recall, assume, occupy, consume

Tell - disclose, reveal, show, expose, uncover, relate, narrate, inform, advise, explain, divulge, declare, command, order, bid, recount, repeat

Think - judge, deem, assume, believe, consider, contemplate, reflect, mediate

Trouble - distress, anguish, anxiety, worry, wretchedness, pain, danger, peril, disaster, grief, misfortune, difficulty, concern, pains, inconvenience, exertion, effort

True - accurate, right, proper, precise, exact, valid, genuine, real, actual, trusty, steady, loyal, dependable, sincere, staunch

Ugly - hideous, frightful, frightening, shocking, horrible, unpleasant, monstrous, terrifying, gross, grisly, ghastly, horrid, unsightly, plain, homely, evil, repulsive, repugnant, gruesome

Unhappy - miserable, uncomfortable, wretched, heart-broken, unfortunate, poor, downhearted, sorrowful, depressed, dejected, melancholy, glum, gloomy, dismal, discouraged, sad

Use - employ, utilize, exhaust, spend, expend, consume, exercise

Wrong - incorrect, inaccurate, mistaken, erroneous, improper, unsuitable

Phrasal Verb ( A )

Phrasal Verb

Definition Example

act upbehave or function improperly

I think I need to take my car to the mechanic because it's acting up again.

add * up + calculate a sum I added up the receipts and it totaled $135.46.

add up to + equal an amount The total expenses added up to $325.00.

add up make sense Her story doesn't add up. I think she is lying.

ask * out + invite on a date I can't believe that Joe finally asked me out on a date!

ask * over + invite to one's home Why don't we ask the Johnsons over for dinner?

Phrasal Verb ( B )

Phrasal Verb Definition Example

back down stop defending your opinion in a debateJane never backs down. She always wins arguments.

back out not keep (a promise, agreement,deal) Sam backed out at the last second.

back out of + not keep (a promise, agreement, deal)Sam backed out of the agreement at the last second.

back * up + give support You need examples to back up your opinion.

back up move backwards, reverseCould you back up a little so I can open this drawer.

bawl * out criticize, reprimand (inf.) She bawled him out for arriving late.

bear down on +

biteThe soldier had to bear down on the leather strap while the doctor removed a bullet from the soldier's arm.

bear down on take strong measures against The U.S.A. is bearing down on drug traffickers.

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+

bear on + have to do with This information may bear on this case.

bear up withstandI didn't think he would bear up so well in that situation.

bear up under +

withstand How did he bear up under such extreme pressure.

bear with + be patient Please bear with me while I fill out the paperwork.

blow in visit unexpectedly (inf.)My cousin blew in unexpectedly with his entire family.

blow over pass without creating a problemAll this negative publicity will blow over in a couple of weeks.

blow * up + make explode;destroy using explosives The terrorists blew the bridge up.

blow up explode The bomb blew up before they could defuse it.

blow up suddenly become very angryWhen Joan heard the news, she blew up and rushed out of the room.

break * down +

analyze in detailWe need to break this problem down in order to solve.

break down stop working properly The truck broke down in the desert.

break down become mentally ill She broke down after her husband died.

break * in +wear or use something new until it is comfortable

I need to break these shoes in before I go hiking.

break in interruptWhile we were discussing the situation, Terri broke in to give her opinion.

break in enter a place unlawfully The burglar broke in between midnight and 3 AM.

break in on + interrupt (a conversation)Jane broke in on the conversation and told us to get back to work.

break into + enter a house unlawfullyThe burglar broke into the house between midnight and 3 AM.

break into + interrupt (a conversation)Jane broke into the conversation and told us what she knew.

break * off + end something Sally broke her engagement to John off.

break out appear violentlyViolent protests broke out in response to the military coup.

break out +use something extravagant for celebration

He broke out the champagne to celebrate his promotion.

break out of + escape The murderer broke out of the prison.

break * up + break into piecesI broke the cracker up into pieces and put it in the soup.

break * up + disperse (a crowd), stop (a fight) The police broke the demonstration up before it

got out of control.

break up end a relationshipSam and Diane broke up again. What a rocky relationship.

bring * about + cause to happenDemocracy brought about great change in the lives of the people.

bring * along + bring withWhen we go to the forest, bring your wildlife guide along.

bring * aroundchange someone's mind, convince someone

She doesn't want to go, but we'll eventually bring her around.

bring * away learn or gain (from an experience)My trip across the Sahara was difficult, but I brought a new appreciation for life away from the experience.

bring * off +succeed at something difficult or unexpected

You robbed the bank! I can't believe you brought that off.

bring * on + cause somethingI can't believe she got so angry. What brought that on?

bring * out + highlight, stress Your new shirt brings out the color of your eyes.

bring * over + bring to someone's houseWhen you visit me, why don't you bring over your son.

bring * to revive consciousnessWe used smelling salts to bring her to after she fainted.

bring * up + mentionI didn't want to bring up the fact that she was unemployed.

bring * up + raise ( a child) Sam was brought up in South Carolina.

brush * off + ignore something or someone (inf.) Mary brushed her ex-boyfriend off at the party.

burn * down + destroy by setting fire toThe children burned the house down while playing with matches.

burn down burn until completely gone (building) Two buildings burnt down in the fire.

burn up be hot I am burning up in here - open the window.

burn up consume by fire The papers were burned up in the fire.

burn * up + destroy by fire He burnt up the files.

buy * out +buy the shares of a company or the shares the other person owns of a business

Pacific Inc. was bought out by a company from Oregon.

buy * up + purchase the entire supply of something We bought up all the beer in the store.

Phrasal Verb ( C )


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call for + require (as in a recipe) This recipe calls for milk, not water.

call * off + cancel something They called the picnic off because of the rain.

call * off + order to stop (an invasion, guard dogs)He called off the dogs when he saw it was his neighbor.

call on + visit Mark called on Naomi while he was in town.

call on +invite someone to speak in a meeting or a classroom

Professor Tanzer called on Tim to answer the question.

call * up + telephoneI called Sam up to see if he wanted to go to the movies.

calm * down + make someone relaxYou can calm the baby down by rocking her gently.

care for + nurse someone or something He cared for the bird until its wing healed.

care for + like someone or something I don't care for sour cream on my potato.

carry on + continue (a conversation, a game) Please, carry on. I didn't mean to interrupt you.

carry on about + continue in an annoying way He kept carrying on about how much money he makes.

carry on with + continueI want you to carry on with the project while I am out of town.

carry * out + complete and/or accomplish somethingThe secret agent carried out his orders exactly as planned.

carry * over + continue on a subsequent day, page, etc. The meeting carried over into lunch time.

catch on slowly start to understand (inf.) He caught on after a few minutes.

catch up make up for lost timeI will never catch up. I am too behind in my work.

catch up with +speed up to be at the same place as a person or thing in front of you

I had to run to catch up with the others.

catch up on + become up-to-dateI need to catch up on world events. I haven't seen the news in ages.

check back return to see if everything is OKWe will check back tomorrow to make sure the project is finished.

check by + go to a place to see if everything is OKWe need to check by the office to see if the documents are ready.

check for + try to findThey checked for termites before they bought the house.

check in enter a hospital, hotel etc. They need to check in before noon.

check into + enter a hospital, hotel etc. They checked into the hotel at 11:00 AM.

check into +investigate, look for (often through a service)

We are checking into discount flights to London.

check * off + make a mark next to (an item on a list) Check each name off the list.

check on + make sure something is OKLet's check on the baby again before we go to sleep.

check * out + investigate, take a look atHe checked out the new restaurant down the street.

check out leave a hotel, hospital It's already eleven. We need to check out.

check out of + leave a hotel, hospital We checked out of the hotel before ten.

check * over +closely examine the condition of something

He checked over the old car to see if it was worth buying.

check up on + investigate someone or somethingThe police are checking up on the bomb threats.

check * through send luggage through (to a destination)Your luggage will be checked through to Paris.

check with + ask a person for confirmationHe needs to check with his parents before he goes.

cheer * up make someone feel cheerful The party really cheered me up.

cheer up become cheerful Cheer up. Everything will be all right.

chew * up + chew into small pieces The dog chewed up my shoe.

chop * down + fell/cut ( a tree) The lumberjack chopped the tree down.

chop * up + chop/cut into small bits He chopped the meat up into little pieces.

clean * up + tidy Susan cleaned the mess up before she left.

clear out leave ( inf.) Everybody clear out! We're closed.

clear * up + tidy Susan cleared up the mess before she left.

close * down + close a place permanentlyThe corner market closed down because they didn't have many customers.

close down close permanentlyThe bar was closed down because they served alcohol to minors.

close in on + approach and threatenThe rebels were closing in on the capital, so the government called in the army.

close * up + close temporarilyThey are closing the ski resort up for the summer.

close up close temporarily The ski resort is closing up for the summer.

come about occur / happen How did you idea for the book come about.

come across + discover by accidentThey came across some lost Mayan ruins in the jungle.

come across + initially seem or have the appearance He comes across as rather rude, but he isn't.

come along accompany someone If you want, you can come along.

come along with +

accompany Sam came along with us to the beach.

come along progress How's the research paper coming along.

come along with +

progressHow are you coming along with the research paper.

come awayleave a place with a particular feeling or impression

I came away from the meeting feeling like the presentation was a success.

come back return What time are you coming back?

come by + get, receive How did you come by that new Mercedes?

come by visit a person at their house I'll come by later this afternoon.

come down with +

become sick with He came down with the flu.

come into + inheritHe came into a large sum of money when his aunt died.

come off + fall off, break offThe handle came off the suitcase when I picked it up.

come out appearI didn't see the car at first. It came out of nowhere.

come out reveal you are homosexual Sam finally came out last month.

come out turn out, end up The pictures came out great.

come out with + produce and distribute a productMicrosoft is coming out with a new video game system next month.

come over visit someone at their houseWhy don't you come over after work for dinner.

come to regain consciousnessDon't worry! She faints all the time. She always comes to after a few minutes.

come through do what is needed or expected Terry really came through for us in the end.

come up to + approach; to equalThe job offer didn't come up to her expectations.

come up with + produce or create (an idea, a plan)She came up with a great proposal for the new advertising campaign.

come with + include (an accessory)The computer system doesn't come with a printer.

count * in + include Did you count expenses in?

count on + depend/rely on You can really count on Sarah.

count * out + excludeYou can count James out. He hates playing poker.

count * up + addCount the change up and see how much we have.

crack down on +become tougher on, better enforce laws on

The police have been cracking down on drunk driving.

crack up laugh uncontrollably, laugh a lot When I told the joke, they all cracked up.

crack up at +laugh uncontrollably about, laugh a lot about

I cracked up at his joke.

cross * out + draw a line through something, eliminate Why did you cross my name out on the list?

cut down decrease the amount of You eat too much fat. You need to cut down.

cut down on + decrease the amount of You need to cut down on your fat intake.

cut in interrupt She suddenly cut in and delivered the news

cut in on + interruptShe cut in on the conversation and delivered the news.

cut * offinterrupt someone while they were speaking

She cut him off before he said something he would regret later.

cut * off + sever ( with a knife)His finger was accidentally cut off in an industrial accident.

cut * out + remove He cut the bone out of the steak.

cut * out stop an action Cut it out! You're bothering me.

cut * up + cut into small piecesHe cut the beef up and put the pieces in the soup.

Phrasal Verb ( D )


die away diminish in intensity The applause died away after 5 minutes.

die down diminish in intensityThe controversy about the president's affair finally died down.

die off/out become extinct Whales are in danger of dying off.

disagree with +

cause to feel sick due to food or drink

Spicy food disagrees with me.

do away with +

abolishSome Americans want to do away with the death penalty.

do * over + repeatYou made many mistakes, so I want you to do the report over.

do without +manage without something one wants or needs

I couldn't do without a car in California.

draw * up + create ( a contract)Let's draw an agreement up before we go any further with this project.

dress * down reprimand severely The mother dressed her son down for skipping school.

dress down dress casuallyI am dressing down because we're going to a barbecue by the beach.

dress * up + decorate You could dress this house up with some bright colors

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dress up wear elegant clothes She always dresses up at work.

drive * back + repulse The invaders were driven back by the army.

drop in visit someone unexpectedly Meg dropped in yesterday after dinner.

drop in on + visit someone unexpectedlyLet's drop in on Julie since we're driving by her house.

drop out quit an organized activity Yuri isn't on the team any more. He dropped out.

drop out of + quit an organized activity (school)It's difficult to get a good job if you drop out of high school.

drop over visit someone casually Drop over any time you feel like talking.

Phrasal Verb ( E )


eat away gradually destroy, erode The heavy rains ate away at the sandstone cliffs.

eat * up + devour Ken ate the cookies up.

eat in eat inside the home We usually eat in instead of going out for dinner.

eat out eat outside the home They eat out once a week.

Phrasal Verb ( F )


face up to +acknowledge something difficult or embarrassing

I'll never be able to face up to my colleagues after getting so drunk last night at the work party.

fall back on +be able to use in case of emergency

Yuki can fall back on her degree in biology if she doesn't succeed in her acting career.

fall behind go slower than scheduled, lag Hurry up or you will fall behind!

fall behind in +

go slower than scheduled, lagCheryl has missed several days of school and now she is falling behind in her homework.

fall off decreaseInterest in the project fell off when they realized it wouldn't be profitable.

fall out with + have an argument withI had a falling out with my sister last month and we haven't talked to each other since.

fall through fail to happenUnfortunately, my trip to Indonesia fell through because I couldn't save enough money.

feel * up + gropeShe sued her boss for sexual harassment after he felt her up.

feel up to + have the energy to do somethingI don't feel up to going out tonight because I had a long day at work.

figure on + expectWhere do you figure on living when you move to the the U.S.A.?

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http://luyenthianhvan.org/2007/10/phrasal-verb-e.html

figure * out + solve something, understandI finally figured the joke out. Now I understand why everybody was laughing.

figure * up + calculateI need to figure my expenses up before I give you an estimate.

fill * in + complete Don't forget to fill in all the blanks on the application.

fill in substitute Who is going to fill in while you're gone?

fill in for + substitute forMiguel filled in for me at the meeting yesterday because I was sick.

fill * out + complete (an application) I filled out an application to rent the apartment last week.

fill out mature, get breastsNow that you're filling out honey, we need to get you a bra.

fill * up + fill to the top Fill the car up with unleaded gas, please.

find out + discover You will never find out all my secrets!

find out discoverVicky's parents are going to be so mad when they find out she got a tattoo.

fix * up + repair, renovate, remodel My neighbors are fixing their house up.

Phrasal Verb ( G )


get * across + cause to be understoodIt's difficult to get humor across in another language.

get ahead make progress I can't get ahead even though I work two jobs.

get ahead of + surpassYou need to work overtime in order to get ahead of schedule.

get along have a good relationship Do you and your sister get along?

get along with +

have a good relationship Giovanna doesn't get along with her two brothers.

get around + avoid someone or somethingSome people get around paying taxes by hiring a good accountant.

get around go many placesIt's easy to get around town with public transportation.

get away escape The bank robbers got away.

get away with +

do something against the rules or illegal and not get caught or punished

My sister gets away with everything!

get bysurvive without having the things you need or want

I lost my job, so I am having a hard time getting by this year.

get by on + survive with minimal resourcesIt's nearly impossible to get by on making minimum wage.

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get by with + manage withYou don't need a computer. You can get by with the typewriter.

get down to + get serious about a topic Enough small talk. Let's get down to business.

get in + enter ( a car, a small boat) Get in the front seat. You will have more leg room.

get in enter Get in. I will give you a ride to school

get * off + send (a package)I finally got my sister's birthday present off yesterday.

get * off remove ( a spider from your shirt) Can you get this spider off my shirt?

get off + leave (a bus, plane, train, boat) We need to get off the bus at the next stop.

get off leave It's dangerous to sit on the roof. Get off!

get offidiomatic phrase - How does he justify saying that?!

Where does he get off saying that?!

get * on put on (clothes)You should get your jacket on because it's going to be cold.

get onenter (a bus, train), mount (a horse, a bike)

The train is leaving. Quick, get on!

get on +enter (a bus, train), mount ( a horse, a bike)

Get on my bike and I will give you a ride home.

get on have a good relationship Natasha doesn't get on with her co-workers.

get on with + have a good relationship Do you get on with your neighbors?

get on with + continue an activityNow that the police have left, let's get on with the party!

get out of + exit (a small boat, car, an enclosed area)I fell into the water when I tried to get out of the canoe.

get over +recover (a cold, a disease, an ex-boyfriend/ex-girlfriend)

Jennifer still hasn't gotten over her breakup with Peter.

get through + completeWe will never get through all of these boxes by 9:00 PM.

get through + penetrate We need a stronger drill to get through this wall.

get through penetrate The door was jammed, so we couldn't get through.

get through (with) +

finish Have you gotten through with your homework yet?

get through to +

make contactIt's hard to get through to Janet because her telephone line is always busy.

get * upcause someone to rise (from a sitting position or a lying position)

Ahmed got Abdul up at 5:30 in the morning by turning the music up really loud.

get up rise (from sitting position or a bed) What time did you get up this morning?

give * away +give something without asking for anything in exchange

Why did Nancy give all of her furniture away?

give * away + betray (a secret)We are having a surprise party for Susan next Saturday, so don't give our surprise away by acting suspicious.

give * back + return something you borrowedWhen are you going to give that book back to your teacher?

give in stop trying Never give in! You can do it!

give off + release (a smell, light) That white flower gives off a beautiful smell.

give * out + distributeI earn extra money by giving out brochures on the street.

give out become very tired (inf.)I hope this car doesn't give out in the middle of the desert.

give * up + surrender something The police told the thief to give his gun up.

give up surrender Never give up learning English!

go away leave I yelled at the dogs to make them go away.

go back return When are you going back to your house?

go by + go past, go close to, visit quickly We go by the coffee shop everyday.

go back on + not keep (one's word, a promise)Don't trust him. He always goes back on his promises.

go down decrease The cost of flight tickets is going down.

go for + try to achieveOur team is going for the gold medal in the Olympics.

go foridiomatic phrase - I am craving pepperoni pizza.

I could go for pepperoni pizza.

go in for + participate ( inf.)Are you going to go in for soccer this year at school?

go into + discuss in detail I really don't want to go into that now.

go off explode The bomb could go off at any moment.

go offbegin, start (used with signals, alarms, warning sounds)

The alarm clock went off at 6:00 AM.

go off stop (said of a machine)The DVD player goes off automatically if you are not using it.

go off become angryMaria went off last night after I told her about losing her bike.

go on continue Please, go on. Don't let me interrupt you.

go on happen This place is a mess! What went on here last night?

go on with + continue ( a plan, a conversation)I think we should go on with the meeting and stop wasting time.

go out stop burning ( a fire) The fire went out after three days.

go outtake part in social activities (usually at night)

They love to go out every Saturday night.

go over + review Do you usually go over your notes before class?

go over be well received, succeed That didn't go over well.

go through + examine in detail, study carefullyI need to have my lawyer go through this contract before I sign it.

go through +endure; experience challenges, difficulties or traumas

She has gone through so much in her life.

go through with +

continue or proceed despite difficulties or fears

I have decided to go through with the operation.

go with + match (clothing) That shirt doesn't go with those pants.

go with + accompany a person I am going with Alejandro to the party.

go with + have a boyfriend/girlfriend I am going with Yuri.

go without +abstain from something you want or need

A person can go without water for three days.

grow under go out of businessThe restaurant went under after it lost its liquor license.

grow up matureYour brother needs to grow up and start thinking about his future.

Phrasal Verb ( H )


hand * back + returnIs the teacher going to hand back our tests today?

hand * down + pronounce formallyThe president is going to hand his decision down on health care tonight.

hand * down + give as an inheritanceWhen my clothes got too small for me as a child, I handed them down to my sister.

hand * in + submit I have to hand in an offer by March 12.

hand * out + distributeWe should hand the concert fliers out at school.

hand * over + relinquish control ofHand your car keys over. You're too drunk to drive.

hang around + stay in a place for fun ( inf.)Maria and Salvador usually hang around the beach after school.

hang around stay in a place for fun Those guys just hang around all day.

hang * up + suspend (clothes on a hanger)You can hang your jacket up in the front closet.

hang up put down the telephone receiver Don't hang up. I'm going to change phones.

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hang out + stay in a place for fun (inf.) Let's go hang out at the mall tonight.

hang out stay in a place for fun What are you doing? - - I'm just hanging out.

have * on + wear Do you have your hiking boots on?

have * over invite guests to your homeWhy don't we have Mr. and Mrs. Jones over for dinner tonight.

hear from + receive news from (a letter, an e-mail) Have you heard from Steve lately?

hear of + know about something or somebody Have you heard of chocolate covered ants?

hit on + find on accidentI hit on the idea while watching the Simpsons show.

hit on + flirt withJay's friend Marc was trying to hit on my sister last night.

hold * back + restrainThe police held the demonstrators back while the politicians entered the building.

hold back not allow to advance in schoolThe teacher held Frank back a year, so he couldn't enter fifth grade.

hold * off + restrainMr. Johnson held the dog off while we crossed the yard.

hold off on + delayWe should hold off on making dinner until your parents arrive.

hold on grasp tightly Hold on tight! The roller coaster is about to take off.

hold on tell someone to wait on the telephone Hold on a minute. I'll get Carol.

hold on to + grasp tightlyMake sure you hold on to the hand rail as you walk down the stairs.

hold out not give in, continue to resistStop holding out and tell us where you found all of these old records.

hold out against +

not give in, resist They held out against enemy attack.

hold * up + delay (a flight, traffic); The accident held traffic up for an hour.

hold * up + rob (a bank, a person) with a weapon Five men held the bank up yesterday.

hook * up +make the electrical connections required for a machine or information service

Can you hook up the fax machine for me?

Phrasal Verb ( I )


iron * out eliminate We need to have a meeting this week in order to iron out the distribution problems.

Phrasal Verb ( J )

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http://luyenthianhvan.org/2007/10/phrasal-verb-i.html

Phrasal Verb

Definition Example

jack up + to raise We need to jack up the car before we change the tire.

joke around to be humorous Mike is always joking around at work.

jump in enter a conversationFeel free to jump in at any moment while we are talking.

jump to +make a quick, poorly thought out decision

You shouldn't jump to conclusions.

Phrasal Verb ( K )


keep * around have handy, have accessibleI always keep a dictionary around to translate new words.

keep at + not give up (an activity), to persevere You should keep at your studies.

keep * away prevent access to, hold back Keep the kids away from the cookies.

keep * backmaintain a safe distance, cause to maintain a safe distance

Keep back! The burning building is about to collapse.

keep * downnot vomit, not throw up, keep in one's stomach

If I ate that, I down know if I could keep it down.

keep * inkeep in a particular place, have something in a specific location

When I am not using it, I keep my passport in this drawer.

keep * offprevent from stepping or climbing on to something

Keep the cat off the couch.

keep on continueHe kept on talking after everybody asked him to stop.

keep * out prevent from enteringKeep the dog out of the garden; he keeps digging up the flowers.

keep * overcover something with, put something above

I keep a tarp over my bicycle at night to prevent it from getting wet.

keep to + continue, persist in (an activity)Everybody said she would never finish the puzzle, but she kept to it until it was done.

keep up stay on the required schedule You have to keep up if you want to work here.

keep * up + continue You are doing a great job! Keep it up.

keep up with +

stay on schedule with (a person, the workload, homework)

I have so much reading that I can't keep up with the writing exercises.

kick back sit or lie back (to relax) After work, I like to kick back in front of the TV and relax.

kick in begin taking effect The medicine takes one hour to kick in.

Phrasal Verb ( L )

http://luyenthianhvan.org/2007/10/phrasal-verb-l.html

http://luyenthianhvan.org/2007/10/phrasal-verb-k.html


lay away + save for the future Why don't you lay away your wedding outfit?

lay down + establish (laws, rules) Lori lays down the law in her class. English only!

lay in on + scold or criticize severelyMy mom really laid in on me when I got home at 4:00 in the morning last night.

lay into + scold or criticize severelyI saw Reto's mom lay into him when he came home late last night.

lay * off +suspend someone from a job (during a slow period)

The company was losing money, so they had to lay off 100 workers.

lay * out + arrangeWhy don't we lay the pieces of the table out before we put it together.

leave * out + not include, omitWhy did your parents leave you out of their vacation plans?

let * down disappointI felt let down when I didn't receive a birthday card from my sister.

let * down lengthen (pants in sewing)My uncle is a tailor, so he can let your pants down.

let * out release I am happy my brother was let out of prison early.

let * out make bigger (in sewing)I need to let out this skirt because I have gained weight.

let up weaken in intensityI told her NO a thousand times, but she won't let up.

lie down rest, recline I need to lie down before we go out tonight.

lie down on + rest, recline ( on a couch, bed) I'm going to lie down on the sofa for a while.

lie with + be decided byWhether or not you can go to the party lies with your father.

light * up + illuminate Let's get some candles to light this room up.

light up + to smokeDo you have to light up another cigarette? I thought you were trying to cut down.

live * down +live in a way that a shameful or embarrassing event is forgotten

Jose will never live down singing that song at the karaoke bar.

live on + survive from I could live on bread and cheese.

live up to + keep a standard It would be hard to live up to her parent's expectations. They are so demanding.

look after + take care of (a child, a house, a pet)When my sister goes on vacation, I look after her dog.

look back on + to remember nostalgicallyWhen I look back on my childhood, I often feel angry.

look down on + see as inferior She's so conceited. She looks down on everybody

else.

look for + to seek or search for I'm looking for my keys. Have you seen them?

look forward to +

anticipate with pleasureI am looking forward to traveling to New York next year.

look into + investigate The police are looking into the murder.

look on observe as a spectator Everybody just looked on as the two men fought.

look outbe careful, pay attention, heed a certain danger

Look out, there's a black widow spider on the wall.

look * over + examine, reviewWhen I'm camping, I look my shoes over before I put them on.

look * up + search for (in a dictionary) I takes time to look up new vocabulary words.

look * up + locate and visitIf you ever travel to California, you should look me up.

look up to + respect, admire someone He looks up to his father.

Phrasal Verb ( M )


make * out decipher I can't make out your handwriting. What does this say?

make * out +write a check or other document

Who should I make this check out to?

make out succeed He really made out in the stock market last year.

make out progress How is your son making out in his new job?

make out kiss passionatelyI saw Benno and Isabelle making out in the movie theater last night!

make out with +

kiss someone passionately Did you make out with Sally?

make * over do again The teacher made me do my homework over.

make * up + invent ( a story) Don't believe anything she says. She always makes things up.

make * up + complete what was missedFortunately, my professor let me make up the exam I missed yesterday.

make * up + put on cosmetics I takes me 10 minutes to make my face up.

make up reconcileYou two have been friends for so long that I think you should make up.

make up for + compensate for Allen made up for being late by getting me flowers.

mix * up + confuse I sometimes mix the verb tenses up.

mix * up + blendWe need to mix up these different kinds of nuts before we put them in a bowl.

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mix * up + make lively (a party) Let's mix up this party with a little disco music.

Phrasal Verb ( N )


name * after +

name a child using another family member's name

I was named after my grandfather.

nod off fall asleepThe movie was so boring that I nodded off before it was finished.

nose around + sneak around I hate it when my mother noses around my room.

Phrasal Verb ( O )

Phrasal Verb

Definition Example

occur to +pop into one's mind, come to one's mind

It didn't occur to us that we had left the iron on.

open up share feelingsI'm glad that John feels comfortable enough around me to open up.

out to + verb

try toShe is out to get revenge now that her husband left her for another woman.

Phrasal Verb ( P )


pan out be successful, turn out well The trip to Vegas didn't pan out.

pass away dieAfter battling cancer for several years, he finally passed away at the age of 87.

pass * off +try to convince someone that something is real

He tried to pass the fake watch off as a real Rolex.

pass * on + transmit Please pass this message on to your co-workers.

pass on +not accept (an invitation to eat or do something)

Jennifer passed on the invitation to join us for dinner.

pass on die I am afraid Professor Johnson has passed on.

pass * out + distributeWe need to pass out these flyers for the concert tomorrow.

pass out become unconscious He passed out because the room was too hot.

pass * up + not take advantage (of an opportunity)I can't believe she passed up the opportunity to study in Rome.

pay * back + repay If I loan you money, will you pay me back.

pay * off + complete payment on a debt It took me ten years to pay off my credit card debt.

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pay * off + to bribeDon't try to pay the police officer off if you get pulled over for speeding.

pick on + to tease, bully She keeps picking on me! Make her stop.

pick * out + choose Diane picked out a lovely dress for the dance.

pick * up + to lift an object with the hands Keep your back straight when you lift the TV up.

pick * up + come and get someone in a car What time are you going to pick me up.

pick * up + learn something without effortIt's possible to pick up enough English in two weeks to get by on your trip to Los Angeles.

pick * up +try to initiate a relationship with someone (often in a bar)

Some weird guy tried to pick Patricia up at the bar.

pick up grow, increase (inf.) Business is really picking up this quarter.

play * down +

make less important (inf.)The President played down his affair with the intern.

play * up highlight something (inf.)She played up her part in the new movie, but it was actually a very small role.

play up to +flatter someone for your personal advantage

She has been playing up to the boss because she wants a promotion.

point * out + indicateI'd like to point out that figures in column two might be outdated.

pull down earn He pulls down about $300,000 a year.

pull in park (a vehicle)Mark pulled in too quickly and crashed into the wall.

pull out depart (a vehicle) Our train pulls out at 8:00, so don't be late.

pull through barely surviveI didn't think she was going to make it, but she pulled through in the end.

put * across +

communicate (an idea or suggestion) clearly so that it is understood

I thought Ms. Smith put her ideas across rather clearly in the meeting.

put * away + return to the proper place of storage I told you kids to put your toys away.

put * down + insult, say bad things aboutShe always puts down people who don't share her opinions.

put in +officially submit a request (in the armed forces or public services)

He put in for a transfer to the division in Los Angeles.

put * off + postpone Don't put off your work - do it now!

put * on + wearMake sure you put on a sweater before you go outside.

put * on + deceiveI didn't believe a thing he said. I think he was putting me on.

put * out + extinguish (a fire) Don't use water to put out a grease fire.

put * out + inconvenience someone I don't want to put you out, but could you pick me

up at the airport.

put out +spend (usually used with unreasonably large sums of money)

I can't put out that much money each month.

put * uphave a guest stay in your house for a short time

Can you put me up while I'm in town.

put up with + tolerate Sandy will not put up with smoking in her house.

Phrasal Verb ( Q )


quiet * down +

be quiet, or cause to be quiet

The neighbors told us to quiet down last night or they would call the police.

Phrasal Verb ( R )


read up on + research a topic for a reasonI need to read up on the company before I go on the job interview.

ring * up telephone Jack rung me up last night at 3:00 in the morning.

rule * out + eliminateI wouldn't rule out the possibility of moving to another country if I get a good job offer.

run across + find or meet unexpectedlyI ran across some old photos while I was cleaning my house.

run against + compete in an electionGore ran against Bush in the 2000 elections in the U.S.A.

run awayleave home permanently before you are a legal adult

The child ran away because her parents beat her.

run away from +

escape from The child ran away from its parents.

run * down traceHave you run down those phone numbers I asked for last week?

run * down criticize My boss runs everyone down.

run * down hit with a car My dog was run down by a bus.

run down loose power, be very tired You need to wind your watch so it doesn't run down.

run for +campaign for a government position

Gore is running for president of the U.S.A.

run into + meet unexpectedlyI ran into my English teacher at the movies last night. She's so nice!

run * off + make leaveThe new government is trying to run the drug traffickers off.

run * off reproduce (photocopies) Would you mind running off 10 copies of this

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document for me?

run off leave quickly Why did you run off after the party?

run off waste waterYou shouldn't swim where the sewage runs off into the ocean.

run out of + not have any more of somethingWe ran out of milk this morning, so we need to go to the store.

Phrasal Verb ( T )


take after + resemble a parent or relative I take after my father. Who do you take after?

take * away + remove, seize or capture The soldiers took the captives away.

take * back + retract something you said I demand that you take back what you said.

take * back + return an item to a storeThe dress my grandmother bought for me didn't fit, so I took it back and exchanged it for a pair of pants.

take * down + write down what is saidWould you mind taking down my messages while I am on vacation?

take * down + remove (from a high place)The city government made the shop take down their bright, neon sign.

take * for consider, view as Do you take me for an idiot?

take * in + learning Are you taking in all of these phrasal verbs?

take * in + deceive a person He was taken in by the con artist.

take * in + make smaller when sewingI lost weight, so I need to take some of my skirts to the tailor to have them taken in.

take * offwhen a plane or rocket leaves the ground

My stomach felt funny when the plane took off.

take * off + removeIn many cultures, it is appropriate to take off your shoes when entering a house.

take * off +leave work or school for a period of time

I was sick last week, so I took a few days off of work.

take off leave We took off after dinner.

take on + accept (responsibilities, work)She has taken on too much responsibility in this project.

take * over + take control ofWho is going to take over the family business when Aretha's father dies?

take over take control ofIf the President is assassinated, the Vice-president will take over.

take * out +accompany a person on a date (for dinner, the movies)

I can't meet you tonight because I am taking Fernanda out to dinner.

take * up + begin a new hobby Have you taken up any new hobbies since you

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moved here?

take * up + discuss (at a later date)We should take this issue up in the meeting tomorrow.

take * up + shorten a garment when sewing This dress is too long, I am going to take it up.

take up + occupy spaceThis couch takes up too much space in the living room.

talk backrespond in an impolite way to an adult

Don't talk back!

talk back to +respond in an impolite way to an adult

Children should not talk back to their parents.

talk * over + discussI hope my parents talk their relationship problems over before they get divorced.

tear * down + destroyThe county decided to tear down the dilapidated school and build a new one.

tear * up + tear or rip into small piecesI always tear up my personal papers before I throw them out.

tell * off +criticize a person severely, reprimand (inf.)

Carolina told me off when she found out I was gossiping about her date with Martin.

tell on +report a crime to the police or bad behavior to a parent

Every time I did something wrong when I was a child, my sister would tell on me.

think * over + consider Think over the offer before you sign the contract.

think * through +

consider carefullyYou need to think this through carefully before you make a decision.

think * up + create or invent a false storyI need to think up an excuse for not going to her party.

throw * away + discardDon't throw away those bottles; we can recycle them.

throw * out + discardI asked him not to throw out the Sunday newspaper because I wanted to save an article.

throw * out +remove by force from (a room, school, a house, etc.)

Mary threw out her roommate because she stopped paying rent.

throw up vomit If you drink too much alcohol, you might throw up.

tie * up + tie securely When we dock, make sure you tie the boat up.

tire * out cause someone to be very tired Speaking English all day tires me out.

touch on + talk about for a short timeThe presidential candidates touched on the subject of health care during the debates.

touch * up make the final improvementsWe didn't paint the whole kitchen, we just touched up the cabinets.

try * on +put on to make sure a piece of clothing fits

Try on the pants before you buy them.

try * out test Try out this massage chair - it feels great!

turn * away refuse to deal with or give serviceThey turned us away at the border because we didn't have visas.

turn * around change or reverse direction Turn the car around and go back home.

turn * down + refuse an offer; reject an applicationShe turned down the new job in New York, because she didn't want to move.

turn * down +lower the volume or intensity of a TV, radio, or other machine

I'm studying! Please turn down the TV.

turn * in submit You need to turn your essays in next week.

turn in go to bed (inf.) It's getting late. I think it is about time to turn in.

turn into + become something different, transform

When she kissed the frog, it turned into a handsome prince.

turn * off +stop the function of (a stove, a water faucet, a car, etc.)

Don't forget to turn off the iron before you leave the house.

turn on + attack unexpectedly The pit bull suddenly turned on the small child.

turn * on cause to be excited sexually Scientists have discovered that the smell of cinnamon turns many people on.

turn * on +start the function of a TV, a radio, a machine

Turn on the TV. The baseball game starts in a few minutes.

turn * out produce The weavers can turn out two or three rugs a month.

turn * out switch off a light Turn out the light before you go to bed.

turn out audience members to a function Over 100,000 people turned out for the concert.

turn out end up being She turned out to be the murderer after all.

turn * overgive to authorities (said of evidence or stolen / lost property)

They turned the wallet over to the police.

turn * up +increase the volume or intensity of a TV, radio, or other machine

Turn up the TV. I can't hear what they're saying.

turn up find unexpectedly My keys turned up in the bedroom.

Phrasal Verb ( U )


use * up use all of something I used up all of the soap, so we need to buy some more.

Phrasal Verb ( V )


veer away from + stay away from, avoid I veer away from the same old summer blockbuster films.

Phrasal Verb ( W )

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wait on + serve, service (a table)Each waitress waits on three different tables in the restaurant.

wait upnot sleep because you are waiting for something or someone

Don't wait up.

wait up for +not sleep because you are waiting for someone or something

Let's wait up for Mary to see how her date went.

wake * up + awaken someone The car alarm woke me up at 6:00 in the morning.

wake up awaken Wake up. It's time to get ready for work.

wash up clean oneself Make sure you wash up before dinner.

wash * up + cleanIf we work together, we can wash the kitchen up in a few minutes.

watch out be careful Watch out - there's a rattlesnake!

watch out for +

be careful ofWatch out for snakes while you are hiking in the desert.

wear off disappear after a period of timeThe affects of the medicine will wear off after a few hours.

wear * outuse until something is not useable anymore

If you wear the same shoes everyday, you'll wear them out.

wear * out cause to be very tired Her three kids wore me out.

wind up + finish (inf.)If he doesn't get his act together, he is going to wind up in jail.

wind * up +tighten the spring of a watch or similar machine

He wound up the toy dog and set it on the floor.

wind * up +cause an animal or a child to behave wildly

The kids always get wound up when Uncle Henry comes over.

wipe * out + massacre or destroyThe tidal wave wiped out the small fishing village.

wipe * out cause to be very tired After surfing all day, I was completely wiped out.

work * out + solve I hope you two can work out your problems.

work out exercise I work out three times a week at the fitness center.

work out be successfulI am glad your new catering business is working out.

write * down +

recordWrite down the directions so you don't forget them.

write * out + write down every word or letterHe wrote out the lyrics so I could understand what the singer was saying.

write * up + prepare a reportHe wrote up a business proposal in order to get a loan.

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