ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;cejsrilanka.org/wp-content/uploads/Guidelin-on-Bias... · 2019. 2. 21. · ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;

ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd

topfhl;;bfSk;;

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph;

gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;


topfhl;;bfSk;;


gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis milahsg;gLj;Jjy;

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ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;

© rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ePjpf;fhd epiyak;> ,yq;if.

midj;J cupikfSk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;lit.

tbtikg;G: OLEECO Solutios (Pvt) Ltd

mr;rplg;gl;L ntspaplg;gl;lJ: [_iy 2018

,g;gpuRukhdJ nfhOk;gpYs;s gpupj;jhdpa cau; ];jhdpfuhyaj;jpd; MjuTld; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

,g;gpuRuj;jpy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; Neu;fhzg;gl;l egu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fshFk; ,it rkj;Jtk;

kw;Wk; ePjpf;fhd epiyak;> ,yq;ifapd; nfhs;iffisNah fUj;Jf;fisNah gpujpgypg;gitay;y.

,e;j gpuRuj;jpd; ve;j gFjpAk; Mjhukpd;wp; kPs;gpujp nra;ag;glNth> kPl;nlLg;G Kiwikapy;

Nrkpf;fg;glNth my;yJ kpd;dZ> ,ae;jpu xspg;gjpT efyhAjk; vd ve;j tbtj;jpd; %yk;

gupkhw;wk; nra;ag;glNth KbahJ.

NkYk; jftYf;F njhlu;G nfhs;sTk;:

rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ePjpf;fhd epiyak;

325 V1> jpk;gpupf];]ha tPjp nfhOk;G 05> ,yq;if.

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1



1[.eh ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; mwpf;if v];/2015/203; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw njhlh;ghd ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsupd; mwpf;if v];/2017/249

1. mwpKfk;

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;

td;KiwAld; (CRSV) ,ize;Js;s fsq;fkhdJ gu];gu tYT+l;lypd; Row;rpapd; xU gFjpahfTk;

jiyKiwfspilNa ePbf;Fk; tpisTfisAk;

nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;Kiw(CRSV) vd;gJ NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila

tifapy; xUtUila xg;Gjypy;yhky; nra;ag;gl;l

ve;jnthU ghypay; eltbf;ifapidAk; my;yJ

egnuhUtupd; ghypay; nraw;ghLfis my;yJ

cWg;Gfis Fwpitj;J nra;ag;gLfpd;w ve;jnthU

eltbf;ifiaAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ,e;j njhlh;ghdJ

Fw;wkpioj;jtupd; Ratpguk; (gaq;futhj mikg;G

my;yJ tiyaikg;G cs;slq;fyhf muR

my;yJ muR rhh;gw;w Majf;FOtpdUld;

,izf;fg;gl;lthwhd>) ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd;

Ratpguk; (Jd;GWj;jg;gLfpd;w rpWghd;ikapd

murpay;> ,d> kj gpd;dzpapyhd cz;ikahd

my;yJ mwpag;gl;l mq;fj;jtuhfg; ngUk;ghYk;

mikfpd;wtuhd my;yJ cz;ikahd

my;yJ mwpag;gl;l ghypay; rhh;G my;yJ

ghypd milahsj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; mbf;fb

,yf;F itf;fg;gLfpd;wtuhd egnuhUth;)>

jz;lidfSf;fhd #oikT (nghJthf

murpae;jpuj;jpd; rupTld; njhlu;GilaJ)>

ehl;bd; vy;iyfisj; jhz;ba tpisTfs;

(,lk;ngau;jy; my;yJ Ml;flj;jy; Nghd;wit)

kw;Wk; Nghu; epWj;j xg;ge;jjpd; tpjpKiwfis

kPWjy;1 Mfpatw;wpDlhf rhd;Wg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd gue;Jgl;l jd;ikAilajhd

tiutpyf;fzkhdJ NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph; jg;gpath;fspd; gy;NtW tpjkhd

mDgtq;fis cs;sPh;g;gjw;fhd fsk; cUthf

toptFj;Js;sJ.

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L mjpypUe;J capu;jg;gpa ngz;fs; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; fsq;fkhdJ

ngUk;ghYk; ghy;epiy rkj;Jtkpd;ik> ghugl;rkhd

gof;f tof;fq;fs;> NkhjYf;F Kd;dhpypUe;Nj

fhzg;gLfpd;wjhd Kd; $l;ba fUj;Jf;fs;

vd;gtw;wpd; tpupTgLj;jyhf mikfpd;wJ. ,jd;

Neub tpisthd ghugl;rkhdJ xd;wpypUe;J

kw;iwajid jd;dpay;ghf Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jp

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpatu;fs; rpwpjsthd my;yJ VNjDk; cjtpaw;w tifapy;

iftplg;gLk; epiyf;F topNaw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;ghd topfhl;Ljy;fshdJ

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpatu;fSf;fhd fsnkhd;W mikf;fg;gl Ntz;bajd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid mq;fPfhpg;gJld; ePjpahdJ

kWf;fg;glNth my;yJ jhkjg;gLj;jg;glNth

,y;iy vd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;w tifapyhd

kdr; rhl;rpf;fikthd nraw;ghLfSf;fhd

gbKiwfis nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fs;>

gapw;rpahsh;fs;> mf;fiwAilNahh; MfpNahh;

vLg;gjw;fhd #oypid cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;bajd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpidAk; mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ.

,r; nra;jp MtzkhdJ ehd;F gFjpfshfg;

gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) cld; njhlu;Gila fsq;fj;;jpd; tpisthf ghugl;;rj;jpDila

fhuzq;fs; kw;Wk; tpisTfis Muha;jy;.

2. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) njhlh;gpyhd ru;tNjr kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L rl;l kw;Wk; nfhs;ifr; rl;lfj;jpd;

jd;ik. 3. rPNlh ( CEDAW) ,Dila nghJthd

gupe;Jiufs; ,y 30 kw;Wk; ,y; 33 ,Dila

Nehf;nfy;iyfs;

4. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph; gpioj;NjhUld; njhlh;Gilajhd gf;fr;

rhh;gpid ifahs;tjw;F mf;fiwAilNahUf;F

newpTWj;jy; toq;Fk; tifapy;; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph; jg;gpath;fspid ikag;gLj;jpajhd

ghy;epiy czu;TG+u;tkhd gupe;Jiufis

toq;Fjy; .

2



2. gf;fr; rhh;gpd;

jd;ikAk; mjDila

ntspg;gLj;JifAk;;

2.1 gf;fr; gf;fr;rhHgpid cUthf;Ffpd;w

kw;Wk epiyj;jpUf;fr;

nra;fpd;wdJkhd fhuzpfs;

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw

(CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpa ng-z;fs; fsq;fj;jpw;F cs;shf;fg;gLtjw;fhd mb-

g;gilahd fhuzq;fshdit ngz;fs; gy;NtW

r%f juhjuq;fSf;fpizthf elf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;W vjph;ghh;f;fpd;w ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpy; Mjhu-

j;jpy; cs;sJ. Mzhjpf;fkhdJ ngz;fs;

,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;gLgth;fs; vdTk; mtu;fSld;

njhlh;Gilath;fspd; me;j];jpidAk; nfsutj;-

jpidAk; NgZtjw;F mg; ngz;fspd; fw;G gh-

Jfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdTk; milahsg;gLj;-

Jfpd;wJ. ghypay; td;Kiwf;F Mshd ngz;fs;

njhlh;gpy; Fw;wj;jpidAk; mtkhdj;jpidAk;

Fw;wthspfspypUe;J ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F ,lk;

efh;j;jp xOf;fk; fiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L r%fj;jpdhy;

tLfspd; gpd;dhy; iftplg;gLfpwhu;fs;. Nkhjypd;

Kd;dNu ,Ue;j ,t;thwhd ghy;epiy njhlh;ghd

r%f Kj;jpiug;gLj;jy;fshdit mtw;wpDila

,ay;ghd rpf;fy;jd;ik fLikahd mjpfhu Vw;w-

j;jho;T vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhf Nkhjypd; NghJk;

gpd;dUk; mjpfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,tw;wpw;F Nkyjpfkhf ,dk;> cs;ehl;L my;yJ

rpWghd;ikapd me;j];J> r%f nghUshjhu

epiy kw;Wk; rhjp> nkhop> kjk; my;yJ ek;gp-

f;if> murpaw; fUj;J> jpUkz kw;Wk; jha;ik

epiy> taJ> fpuhk/efu;g;Gw ,lk;> Rfhjhu epiy> khw;Wj;jpwd; kw;Wk; Mjdr; nrhe;jk; Nghd;w

FWf;fpLk; fhuzpfs; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd ghF-

ghL NkYk; $l;bizf;fg;gl fhuzkhf mike;J

mth;fs; ePjpapid mZFtjw;F rpukj;jpid

cUthf;Ffpd;wJ.


(CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpatu;fs; ahuhf Ntz;LkhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. mth; jkpoPo

tpLjiyg;GypfspDila (LTTE) Kd;dhs; Ng-huhspahfNth; mtSila r%fj;jpy; jPa rFd-

khf fUjg;gl;L xJf;fg;gLfpd;w rpq;fs ,uhZt

tpjitahfNth mur my;yJ jkpoPo tpLji-

yg;Gypfs; (LTTE) gilapdhpd; ghypay; gyh-j;fhuj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltuhfNth; Nghiug;gw;wp

mwpf;ifapl te;j gj;jpupifahsuhfNth FLk;g

Njitfis g+h;j;jp nra;a ciof;fpd;w ngz;

FLk;gj;jiytpahfNth ;my;yJ mq;ftPdKw;w

ngz;kzpahfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;j NtWgl;l

cjhuzq;fs; xt;nthd;wpYk; FWf;fpLk; fhuzpf-

shdit me;jg; ngz;zpd; mDgtk; NtWglTk;

rpf;fyilaTk; nra;tJld; mg; ngz; r%fj;-

jpw;F cs;NsAk; ntspNaAk; fsq;fg;gLj;jTk;

ghugl;repiyf;F Mshf;fg;glTk; top nra;fpd;wJ.

2.2 gf;fr;; rhu;gpd; tpisTfs;

fsq;fk; kw;Wk; gf;fr; rhh;G vd;gtw;wpid cUth-

f;Ffpd;w ghypd rkj;Jtkpd;ikahdJ Nkh-

jYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw

(CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpatu;fS-f;F rkj;Jtkpd;wp elhj;jg;gLtjw;F fhuzkhf

mikfpd;wJ. mtSf;F fy;tp kw;Wk; tho;th-

jhuj;jpw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis mZFjy;; el;l gh-

Jfhg;ghd tho;thjhu epiyikfs; vd;gtw;iwg;

ngWtjw;fhd rkj;Jtkhd tha;g;Gf;fis ngWt-

jpypUe;J kWf;fg;gl;ltshfpd;whs;.


(CRSV) cld; njhlu;Gilajhd fsq;fj;-jpd; tpisthf ghypd rhu;G vd;gJ gy topf-

spy; eilKiwapy; cs;sikahdJ njspthfg;

Gyg;gLfpd;wJ. gf;fr;rhh;gw;wJk; eLepiyahd-

Jkhd ghy;epiy czh;jpwDs;s tprhuizapid

Kd;ndLf;fj; jtWjy; ghugl;rj;ij jLf;f Kba-

hik NghJkhd nkhopngau;ghsu;fs; jug;glhik

kw;Wk; NghJkhd kUj;Jt/cstpay; r%f MjuT toq;fj;jtwpaik re;Njfj;jpw;fplkhdth;fspidf;

Nfs;tp Nfl;fj; jtWjy; kw;Wk; Fw;wkpioj;-

jth;fis mth;fs; ,ioj;j Fw;wj;jpw;F nghWg;Gr;

Rkj;j jtWjy;;; tof;Ffspidg; gjptpLk; ghjpf;f-

g;gl;lth;fis jz;lidf;Fs;shf;Fjy;@ xd;iwf;

fhl;bYk; kw;iwajid fLikahdjhff; fhl;lf;

$ba tifapy; gbepiyapid cUthf;Ftjd;

%yk; Gfhu;fis mw;gj;jdkhf;fy;; ePjpkd;wj;;jpYk;

Clfq;fspYk; NkYk; ngz;fis fsq;fg;gLj;-

jy; vd;gd mtw;Ws; rpythwhd epfo;TfshFk;.

mt;thwhd midj;J #o;epiyfspYk; NkhjYld;

njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpa ngz;nzhU-

j;jpf;F ePjpia ngWtjid kWg;gjhdJ mts;

r%fj;jpy; rkkhf gq;Nfw;fTk; murpay;> r%f>

nghUshjhu kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu cupikfis ngWt-

jpYk; ghjpf;fg;gpid Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

gaj;jpd; fhuzkhf ve;jnthU

epthuzj;jpidAk; ehd; vjpu;ghu;j;jjpy;iy.

ele;jtw;wpw;F epahak; fpilg;gjw;fhd

tha;g;G vJTk; ,y;iy. ,uhZtj;jpw;F

kpFe;j mjpfhuKk; nry;thf;Fk; cz;L.

mtu;fis ahUk; vjpu;g;gjpy;iy. mjdhy;

ehd; njhlu;e;J gaj;Jld;

tho;e;JtUfpNwd;.

kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capHjg;gpa jkpoH.

3



3. rl;l kw;Wk; nfhs;if

njhlh;ghd rl;lfk;

,yq;ifapd; murpayikg;gpd; cWg;Giu 12 MdJ midj;J egu;fSk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkkhdtu;fs; vdTk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkdhd ghJfhg;gpw;F cupj;Jilatu;fs; vdTk; ve;jnthU gpui[Ak; Vida ghugl;rj;jpw;Fs;shFk; fhuzpfs; mlq;fy-hf ghypay; mbg;gilapYk; ghugl;rg;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ vdTk; ve;j ghFghLk; fhzg;glf;$l-hJ vdTk; Vw;ghL nra;fpd;wJ. eilKiwapy; ngz;fs; mth;fspd; tho;tpd; VNjDnkhU epiyapy; ghypay; rhu;e;j ghFghL kw;Wk; td;Ki-wf;F cs;shfpwhu;fs;.

[f;fpa ehLfspd; kdpjThpikfs; rigapDi-la (UNHRC) ,yq;ifapy; ey;ypzf;fk;> nghWg;G$wy; kw;Wk; kdpj cupikfis Cf;Ftpj;jy; vd;w jiyg;gpyhd 2015 Mk; Mz;-by; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhd jPu;khdk; 30/1 gb ghypay; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy td;Kiw rk;ge;-jkhd rpf;fy;fspid epiykhWfhy ePjpg; ngh-wpKiwf;Fs; cs;sPh;g;gjw;fhd murpd; mu;g;g-zpg;gpid milahsg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Kf;fpakhf fle;j fhy J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk; td;Ki-wfSf;F gupfhukspf;f cUthf;fg;gl;l ePjp kw;Wk; tof;Ftprhuiz epWtdq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf ek;gfkhd ePjpr; nrad;KiwahdJ RahjPdkh-fTk; Neu;ikahfTk; ntspg;gilahfTk; mjpcau; epiyapyhd njhopy;rhh; kdg;ghd;ik kw;Wk; eL-epiyahfTk; ghugl;rkpd;wpAk; nray;glf;$ba egu;fshy; topelj;jg;glNtz;baikapid Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. ,e;j mh;g;gzpg;gpw;fpzq;f ,aq;Ftjw;fhf ,yq;ifapy; ghypay; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy td;Kiwapid (SGBV) ifahs;tjw;fhd nfhs;iff; fl;likg;G kw;Wk; nraw;wpl;lk; (2016-2020) MdJ jd;dhu;tyu;fs;> epGzh;fs; kw;Wk; murh-q;fj;jpYs;s ntt;NtWgl;l mf;fiwAilNahu;> rptpy; r%fj;jpdu;> jdpahu; mikg;Gf;fs;> I.eh mikg;Gf;fs; vd;Nghiu cs;slf;fpa MNyhrid nrad;Kiwnahd;wpd; %ykhf 2016 [Pd; khjk; mikr;ruitapy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J ghypay; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy td;Kiwapid (SGBV) cld; njhlu;Ggl;L gytifg;gl;ljhd fl;likg;gpidAk; jLg;G> gjpyspg;G kw;Wk; nfhs;if MNyhridfs; vd %d;W gue;Jgl;l tFjpfSs; cs;slq;Ffp-d;wjhd Nghupdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fSf;F epiykhW ePjpapid toq;Ftjw;fhd ePjp rhh; kw;Wk; ePjprhuh Kiwikfis toq;Ffpd;wJ.

ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ngz;fspid tYg;gL-j;Jjy; vd;gtw;wpid Kjd;ikahd Nehf;fhf nfhz;L kdpj cupikfspidg; ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd Njrpa nraw;wpl;l-j;ij (2017-2021) [NHRAP] 2017 xf;Nlhgupy; murhq;fk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. ,J Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fq;fisAk; mtw;iw nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jpl;lq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. rkj;Jtk;>

tha;g;Gf;fspid mZFtjw;fhd rkj;Jt tha;g;G-f;fs;> kw;Wk; xUtUila r%f>nghUshjhu> Fbapay;> murpay; cupikfis mDgtpg;g-jw;fhd Rje;jpuk; vd;gtw;wpid cWjpg;gLj;Jfp-d;wdthd ,tw;Ws;;;> tha;Gfisg; gad;gL-j;Jtjpy; rkkhd cupik> NkhjYld; njhl-h;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) cld; njhlHGila fsq;fk; kw;Wk; gf;fr;rhh;G vd;gtw;wpy; Neubahd jhf;fj;ij nfhz;bUf;Fk; gpd;tUk; ,yf;Ffs; cs;slq;fyhd ,yf;Ffspd; tpupthd njhFg;nghd;W fhzg;gLfp;dwJ.

- ngz;fSf;F ghugl;rj;jpw;Fs;shFfpd;w ghy;epiy tfpepiyfspid ,y;yhkyh-f;Fjy;.

- ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; cupikfs; ghJfh-f;fg;gLtjhdJk; Fw;wQ; rhl;lg;gl;lth;f-sp;d; nghWg;Gilikapid cWjpg;gLj;-Jfpd;wJkhd ghy;epiy czu;TG+u;tkhd ePjpf; fl;likg;ig cUthf;fy;.

- gy;Jiwj; jiyaPLfspd; cjtpAld; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;Foe;ijfSf;F Vw;gLk; td;Kiwfis Fiwj;jy;.

- ngz; jiyikj;Jt FLk;gq;fspd; jiytpfs; (FHH) cs;slq;fyhf Aj;jj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fspd; eyd;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;.

- fhzky; Nghdtu;fSf;fhd nghWg;Gf; $wy; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; FLk;g mq;fj;-jtu;fSf;Fkhd jPu;it toq;Fjy; vd;g-dtw;Wld; njhlh;ghd mur nghWg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jy;.

- ngz; jiyikj;Jt FLk;gq;fspd; ji-ytpfs; (FHH) cl;gl Nghupdhy; gh-jpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fSf;F vjpuhf ghypay; Ruz;ly; kw;Wk; td;Kiwfis if-ahs;tjw;fhd MszpapdiuAk; epWt-dg; nghwpKiwapidAk; tYg;gLj;Jjy;.

- epiykWfhy ePjpr;nrad;Kiwapy; Kuz;ghLfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jy;.

- ,uhZtf; fztiu ,oe;j ngz;fSf;F Ntiytha;Gfis ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;

- Kd;dhs; ngz; Nghuspfis kPz;Lk; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sy;

- kPs;FbNaw;wk; njhlu;ghd Njrpa nfhs;iffis toq;fp ghypay; Njit-fis G+u;j;jp nra;jy;.

- cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngah;e;jth;fspd; ghy;epiy rhh; NjitfSf;F gjpyspf;Fk; tifapy; nfhs;iffSk; MjuTf-Sk; fhzg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;-jth;fSldhd MNyhridfSld; ePz;l fhykhd ,lk;ngah;T gpur;rpidia if-ahs;tjw;fhd kPs;tUif> kPs;FbNaw;wk;> kWtho ;T kw ;Wk ; k Pl;G njhlh ;ghd Njr pa

nfhs;ifapid cUthf;Fjy;.

4



4. ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd

midj;j tifahd

ghugl;rq;fisAk;

,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd

rkthak; (CEDAW) ,Dila nghJthd

gupe;Jiufs;

ngz;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; rkhjhdk;

vd;git ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tifahd

ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd

rkthaj;jpDila (CEDAW) fl;likg;gpDs;Sk; ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; epfo;r;rp epuypYk; Kf;fpa

ghfkhf miktNjhL> ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd

midj;J tifahd ghugl;rq;fisAk;

,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd rkthaj;jpd; (CEDAW) Nkhjy; jLg;G> Nkhjy; kw;Wk; Nkhjypd; gpd;duhd

#oypy; ngz;fs; vd;wjhd nghJthd gupe;Jiu

,y 30 ,Yk; kw;Wk; ngz;fspd; ePjpf;fhd

mZfy; vd;wjhd nghJthd gupe;Jiu 33 ,Yk;

Nkhjypd; gpd;dzpapy; cs;s ngz;fspd; epiy

tpupthf Muhag;gl;Ls;sJ.

4.1 nghJthd gupe;Jiu ,y. 30

nghJthd gupe;Jiuahd ,y.30 MdJ Nkhjypd;

jhf;fj;ijAk; Nkhjy; jLg;G Kaw;rpfs;> Nkhjypd;

gpd;duhd epiykhw;wk;> kPs;fl;Lkhd nrad;Kiw

vd;gtw;wpypUe;J ngz;fs; ntspafw;wg;gLtjdhy;

Vw;gLfpd;w jhf;fk; vd;gtw;wpid Vw;W

mq;fPfupg;gJld; ghy;epiy rkj;Jtj;ij

Kd;ndLg;gjw;F xUq;fpize;J Kaw;rpfis

vLg;gjd; %yk; ngz;fspd; cupikfspid

midj;J Neuq;fspYk; ghJfhf;fg;gLtjidAk;

typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. mur nraw;ghl;lhsh;fspdhy;

,iof;fg;gl;l ghypay; td;Kiw njhlh;gpy;

nghWg;Gf; $wypid Nkk;gLj;Jk; mNjNtisapy;

rkthaj;jpd; fPo; ngz;fspd; cupikfisg;

ghjpf;fpd;w jdpegu;fspd; my;yJ jdpahu;

epWtdq;fspd; eltbf;iffis jFe;j

rpuj;ijAld; jLj;jy;> tprhupj;jy;> jz;bj;jy;>

ghy;epiy rhu;e;j tfpghfq;fs;>

fsq;fk;> jPq;F tpistpf;f$ba Mzhjpf;f

fyhr;rhu newpKiwfs; kw;Wk; Fwpg;ghfg;

ngz;fis ghjpf;fpd;w ghy;epiy td;Kiw

vd;gtw;wpdbg;gilapyhd ngz;fSf;F

vjpuhd ghFghlhdJ Mz;fSf;F ,izahf

ngz;fs; ePjpapid mZFtjw;fhd

mth;fspd; Mw;wypid ghjpf;fpd;wJ.

nghJthd gupe;Jiu ,y 33> ge;jp 8

kw;Wk; gupfhukspj;jy; Mfpatw;wpd; Clhf

ghJfhg;gjw;fhd flikapd; fPo; mur rhu;gw;w

nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspid xOq;FgLj;jypidAk;

mit Nfhup epw;fpd;wd. nghJthd gupe;JiuahdJ

Nkhjypy; Nghjhd ghypay; td;Kiw vd;gJ

Kuz;ghl;bd; Kbtpy; KbTWj;jg;gl Ntz;ba

mtrpakpy;yhj jd;ikAila ghFghl;by;

cau;e;j tbtKs;s xd;W vd;gjid xg;Gf;

nfhs;fpwJ. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;

td;Kiwapd; fhuzq;fs; kw;Wk; tpisTfis

vLj;Jf; $Wk; tifapy; 38 MtJ ge;jpapy;

fPo;tUk; gupe;Jiufs; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

(m) rl;lk;> nfhs;if kw;Wk; newpKiwfs;

vd;gtw;wpd; %ykhdit cs;slq;fyhf

muR kw;Wk; mur rhu;gw;w

nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspdhy; Gupag;gl;l

ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiwfs;

midj;ijAk; jil nra;jy;.

(M) Fwpg;ghf mur kw;Wk; mur rhu;gw;w

nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspdhy; Gupag;gl;l ghypay;

td;Kiwfs; cs;slq;fyhf midj;J

tifahd ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd

td;KiwfisAk; jLj;jy;> tprhuiz

nra;jy;> kw;Wk; jz;lid nfhLj;jy;

vd;gtw;Wld; Kw;wpYk; rfpg;Gj;jd;ikaw;w

nfhs;ifnahd;iw eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.

(,) ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWkpahpd; ePjpf;fhd

mZfiy cWjpg;gLj;jy;@ ghypay; kw;Wk;

ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiwfis

vjpu;nfhs;s ghy;epiy czu;jpwdhd

tprhuiz eilKiwfisg; gpd;gw;wy;@

ghy;epiy $Uzu;Tkpf;f gapw;rpfis

elhj;JtNjhL rkhjhd fhg;ghsu;fs;

cs;slq;fyhf nghyp];> kw;Wk;

,uhZtj;jpdUf;fhd elj;ijf; Nfhit

kw;Wk; newpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;wy;@

RahjPdk;> ghugl;rkw;w jd;ik kw;Wk;

xUikg;ghl;il cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F

epiykhWfhy ePjp mikg;gpd; gpd;dzpapy;

ePjpj;Jiwapd; jpwid cUthf;Fjy;.

( tpupthd kUj;Jt

5



rpfpr;ir> cs MNuhf;fpak;> cstpay;

MjuT vd;gtw;iw toq;Ftjw;F NghJkhd

tsq;fis xJf;fPL nra;jy; kw;Wk;

gaDs;s eltbf;iffisAk; vLj;jy;.

(C) ghypay; td;Kiwfspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capu;gpioj;jtu;fSf;F kUj;Jt> rl;l

kw;Wk; cstpay;> r%f Nritfis

toq;Fk; xNu ,lj;jpy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s $ba

epiyaq;fs; cl;gl> nghUshjhu kw;Wk;

r%f Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd cldb cjtpfs;>

kWtho;T kw;Wk; elkhLk; Nritfs;

vd;gtw;iw ,izf;Fk; gy;Nehf;F r%f

ikaq;fisAk;> ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd

td;Kiw kPjhd Nrit toq;Feu;fisAk;

ghJfhg;G nraw;ghl;lhsu;fisAk;

,izg;gjw;fhd epiyahd ,af;f

eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; gupe;Jiug; ghijfs;

vd;gtw;iw cUthf;FjYk;> gug;GjYk;.

(v) ghypay; td;Kiw fhuzkhf

,dg;ngUf;f Rfhjhuj;jpy; rpWkpfs;

kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;F Vw;gl;l jhf;fk;

cs;slq;fyhf> td;Kiwf;F cl;gl;l

ngz;fspd; jdpj;Jtkhd Njitfis

epiwT nra;tjw;F Njitahd tsq;fis

xJf;fPL nra;jy; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g

epGzj;Jtj;jpy; KjyPL nra;jy;.

(V) ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiw

kw;Wk; vr;.I.tpf;fhd jLg;G kw;Wk;

gjpyspg;Gf;fis xUq;fpizj;jy;.

Nghupd; gpd;dzpapy; kdpj cupikfs;

kPwg;gl;L mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F

ePjp toq;Ftjw;fhd #oiy cUthf;FjYk;>

trjpaspj;jYk; mur fl;rpf;fhuu;fs; midtuJk;

flik vd;gij nghJthd gupe;Jiu ,y 30

Vw;W mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ. ghy;epiy $Uzu;Tkpf;f;

kw;Wk; ghy;epiy rkepiy vd;gtw;iwAilajhd

epiykhWfhy ePjpf;fhd tpupthd mZFKiw@

jz;lidfspypUe;J jg;Gtij vjpu;j;J Fw;wtpay;

nghWg;Gilikfis Nkk;gLj;jy;@ ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capu;gpioj;jtu;fs; kPz;Lk; ghjpf;fg;gly; kw;Wk;

rPuoptpw;F cl;gLtijj; jLf;Fk; tifapyhd

rl;lk; kw;Wk; eilKiwfisf; nfhz;l mikg;G

Kjyhdtw;iw mur jug;gpdu; cWjpg;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk; vd 80MtJ ge;jpapy; gupe;Jiu

nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;fSila NjitfisAk;>

kPwy;fspd; jd;ikiaAk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L

rl;luPjpahd cjtp kw;Wk; rupahd Neuj;jpy;

gaDs;s epthuzq;fs; vd;gtw;iw toq;Ftjd;

%yk; ngz;fSila ePjpf;fhd mZfiy

mjpfupf;f nra;AkhW mur jug;gpdiuf;

mt;Ntw;ghL NfhUfpd;wJ.

4.2 nghJthd gupe;Jiu ,y. 33

nghJthd gupe;Jiu ,y. 33 MdJ RahjPdkhd>

ghugl;rkw;w> ek;gfkhd> mZff;$ba ePjp

mikg;gpd; cUthf;fj;jpd; %yk; ngz;fis

tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd gy;NtW gupe;Jiufis

toq;FtNjhL ePjpf;fhd mZfypidAk;;

tpupTgLj;JfpwJ. ,g; gupe;JiuahdJ nghJthf

ngz;fs;> mtu;fspd; ePjpf;fhd mZfy;

cupikiaj; jLf;fpd;w tpjj;jpy; ghFgLj;Jk;

rl;lq;fs;> ghy;epiy tfpgq;Ffs;> ghFghL my;yJ

$l;Lg;ghFghL> eltbKiw kw;Wk; rhd;whjhuj;

Njitg;ghLfs;> mZf Kbahj ePjpf; fl;likg;G

Kjyhd jilfSf;F Kfq;nfhLg;gjhf

vLj;Jf;$WfpwJ.

nghJg; gupe;Jiu MW rhu;Gepiyf; $Wfis

cs;slf;fp ,Ug;gjhf milahsq;fhl;LfpwJ.

ePjpj;jpwDilik (jilapd;wpa ePjp mZfy;

kw;Wk;; ePjpia mZFtjw;fhf ngz;fspid

tYg;gLj;jy;;)> fpilf;ff;$ba jd;ik (fpuhk

kw;Wk; efu;g;Gwq;fspy; ePjpkd;wq;fs; kw;Wk;

ePjpaikg;Gf;fs;)> mZff;$ba jd;ik (Fiwe;j

tpiyapy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhfTk;

mZff;$ba tifapy; ngz;fspd; NjitfSf;F

Vw;wjhf ,Uf;Fk;; ePjpaikg;G)> jukhd

jd;ik (ru;tNjr juepiyfs;> RahjPdk;

kw;Wk; ghugl;rkw;w jd;ik Mfpatw;iw

nfhz;bUf;ff;$baJk; ghy;epiy $Uzu;Tkpf;f

kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;G fl;likg;gpy; cs;stw;Wf;F

tpidj;jpwdhd epthuzq;fis toq;ff;$baJkhd

ePjpKiwikapidf; nfhz;bUj;jy;)>

epthuzq;fis toq;fy; (rhj;jpakhd ghJfhg;G

kw;Wk; mu;j;jKs;s epthuzj;jpid ngw

ngz;fSf;F cjTjy;;)> nghWg;Gf;$wy;

(ePjpKiwikapd; nraw;ghl;ilf; fz;fhzpj;jy;)

Mfpad mr; rhh;Gepiyf; $Wfshf mikfpd;wd.

ePjpapid mZFtjpy; rkj;Jtk;> RahjPdk;>

ghugl;rkpd;ik> Neu;ik kw;Wk; ePjpj;Jiwapd;

ek;gfj;jd;ik vd;gtw;iw cWjpnra;tjw;F

nraw;FOthdJ gy;NtW gupe;Jiufis

Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. ,J cah;njhopw;gz;gl;ltu;fs;

ghy;epiy $Uzu;T uPjpapy; tof;Ffisf;

ifahsf;$ba ePjp mikg;G xd;W cUthf

Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; ePjp mikg;gpd; nraw;ghL

rupahf cs;snjd cWjpg;gLj;j Nkw;ghu;it

mikg;igAk; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gijAk; typAWj;JfpwJ. jug;gpdu;fSf;fpilNa

rkj;Jtj;ij cWjpnra;Ak; tifapy;

fbdkhdtjpfisj; jpUj;jy;> njspthd tpjpfs;>

tprhuizfs; kw;Wk; Vida rl;l kw;Wk; kUtpa

ePjpj;Jiw eilKiwfs; ghugl;rkw;wit vd;gij

cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; nghwpKiwfis

eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> ghypd Kuz;ghLfs; my;yJ

Kd; ePjpgjpfspd; jhf;fk; ,y;yhJ ,Uj;jy; vd;gd

6



ngz;fSf;F epahakhd ePjp toq;Ftjw;fhd

cj;juthjkhFk;.

nraw;FOthdJ cupikfs; kPwg;gl;l ngz;fs;

NkYk; NkYk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs; vd;gijf; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tJld; mjd; epkpj;jkhf eltbf;iffspd;

NghJk;> gpd;dUk; mr;RWj;jy;fs;> Jd;GWj;jy;fs;>

ghypay; td;Kiw kw;Wk; ew;ngaUf;fhd fsq;fk;

vd;gtw;Wnfjpuhf ngz;fspd; Kiwg;ghLfs;>

rhl;rpfs;> gpujpthjpfs; vd;gtw;iw mur jug;gpdu;

ghJfhg;gNjhL mtu;fspd; jdpAupikia my;yJ

me;juq;fj;jpw;fhd chpikia ghJfhg;gjw;fhd

eltbf;iffis vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd mur

fl;rpf;fhuh;fspidf; NfhUfpd;wJ.

Nkhjypd; Nghjhd ghypay; td;KiwahdJ

ngz;fis gy topfspy; fsq;fg;gLj;JtNjhL

mtu;fs; jq;fSf;F mtrpakhd Nritfis

mZFtijj; jil nra;fpd;wJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf

xU ngz; ePjpj;Jiwia mZFtjw;fhf flf;f

Ntz;ba gbKiwfisf; Fiwf;Fk; tifapy;

rl;l kw;Wk; r%f Nritfs; tupirapid

cs;slf;fpa ePjp mZfy; ikaq;fis

nraw;FOthdJ gupe;Jiu nra;fpd;wJ.

nraw;FOthdJ epWtd uPjpahd rPu;jpUj;jq;fis

mKy;gLj;jy;> ghFghl;Lr; rl;lq;fis ePf;Fjy;>

ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; juhjuq;fSf;Nfw;g

rl;lq;fis toq;Fjy;> NkhjYld; ,ize;j

ghypay; td;Kiw tof;Ffs; njhlu;ghf epthuzk;

toq;Ftjw;fhd eltbf;iffisj; jPu;khdpj;jy;

Kjyhd nraw;ghLfis mur fl;rpf;fhuh;fs;

Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; $WfpwJ.

ngz;fspd; cupikfis epiwNtw;Wtjpy;

tpisit Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w epu;thf mikg;GfspdJk;

ePjp KiwikfspdJk; RahjPdk; kw;Wk; jpwdha;T

Mfpatw;iw Ma;T nra;tjw;F NghJkhd

tpidj;jpwdhd El;gk; mikf;fg;gltpy;iynadpy;

ePjpf;fhd mZfiy ePz;l fhyj;jpy; cWjp

nra;a KbahJ.

ngz;fSf;nfjpuhf kiwKfkhfNth>

ntspg;gilahfNth ghFghl;ilf; fhl;Lfpd;w

rl;lq;fs;> elgbKiwfs; xOq;FKiwfs;

tof;fhWfs; kw;Wk; eilKiwfis ePf;fhtpby;

rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkj;Jtf; nfhs;ifia

eilKiwg;gLj;j KbahJ NghtJld; ePjpia

mZFtjw;fhd ngz;fs; cupikfspy;

jLkhw;wj;jpidAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; vd nghJthd

gupe;Jiu ,y 33. MdJ ,dq;fhz;fpd;wJ.

r%fj;jpy; kiwe;jpUf;Fk; ghy;epiy tfpgq;Ffs;

kw;Wk; gf;fr;rhu;Gfs; vd;gd ePjp mikg;nghd;wpDs;

CLUtf;$ba rhj;jpaf;$Wfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

ghy;epiy njhlh;gpyhd Kd;$l;ba

fUj;Njw;Gf;fSk; ghu;itf; Nfhzq;fSk;

NkhjYld; ,ize;jjhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;gpioj;jtu; ePjpkd;wj;jpd;

Kd; ePjp NfhUk; NghJ me;j egiu ePjpgjpfs;>

tof;fwpQu;fs;> rl;l mKyhf;fy; mjpfhupfs;

MfpNahu; Nehf;Ffpd;w kdepiyAk; fpuhk kspif

filapy;> ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;gpioj;jtiu Nfyp

nra;fpd;w xU egUila kdepiyAk; xNu khjpupahf

,Ug;gjw;F fhuzkhfpd;wd. nraw;FOthdJ

Kuz;ghLfs; kw;Wk; gf;fr;rhu;Gfspdhy; Vw;gLk;

tpisTfs; kPjhd tpopg;Gzu;Tfis mjpfupj;jy;>

jpwid tsu;j;jy;> fy;tp vd;gtw;Wf;F mjpf

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpwJ. ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capu;gpioj;jtu;fspd; md;whl tho;tpy;

jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; KbTfis vLf;fpd;w gy

mur kw;Wk; mur rhu;gw;w nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;Fk;>

nghJkf;fSf;Fk; fy;tpawpit toq;Ftjw;F

gaDs;s topKiwfis mur jug;gpdu; Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk; vdTk; mf;FO NfhUfpd;wJ>

,J Nghd;w tplaq;fshy; ehk;

ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fshf cs;s

NghJk; Fw;wthspfisg; Nghd;Nw

elhj;jg;gLfpd;Nwhk;. vq;fSf;F

,iof;fg;gl;lit Fw;wq;fshFk;. ,J

epahakw;wJ. ,J khw;wg;gl Ntz;baJ.

rKjhaj;jpy; ,ay;ghd tho;f;if ehk;

tho;tjw;fhd Mw;wypidf; nfhz;bUf;f

Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs; Fw;wthspfs; ,y;iy

vd;gjhy; rKjhaj;jpy; kjpf;fg;gLgth;fshf

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. rKjhaj;jpd; ,e;j

kdg;Nghf;F khw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mDuhjGuj;jpy; trpf;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capu;gpioj;j rpq;fstu;

7



r%fNkh> fyhr;rhuNkh> rkaNkh

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F ve;jtpj cjtpAk;

Gupakhl;lh. mtu;fs; vg;NghJk; ngz;fisf;

Fiw $WtNjhL ngz;fis mOj;jj;jpw;F

cl;gLj;Jfpd;whh;fs;. ngz;fs; ,t;thW gy

gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;Ffpwhu;fs;.

fpspnehr;rpapy; trpf;fpd;w ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capu;gpioj;j jkpou;

5. NkhjYld; njhlu;Gila

ghypay; td;Kiwapd;

fsq;fj;jpid

milahsg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

gf;fr; rhh;G njhlh;ghd

topfhl;bfs;

NkhjYld; njhlu;Gila ghypay; td;KiwAld;

njhlu;Gila fsq;fk; xU ePbj;J ,Uf;fpd;w

my;yJ tho;f;iff;F mr;RWj;Jk; rpf;fyhf

cs;s NghJk; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capu;gpioj;jtu;fspw;Fk; mtu;fsJ

FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; vjpuhf fsq;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w

fhuzq;fisAk; tpisTfisAk; nfhs;if

tFg;ghsu;fs; mtu;fsJ xUq;fpize;j Kaw;rpahy;

Kd;itg;ghu;fNsahdhy; fsq;fj;ijj; jtpu;f;ff;

$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;KiwAld; ,ize;j fsq;fj;ijj;

jLg;gJk; mJgw;wp ciuahw;WtJkhd

cyfshtpa eltbf;iffSf;fhd Nfhl;ghLfs;>

fsq;fkhdJ ghy;epiy milahsk;> r%fj;jpd;

cWjpaw;wjd;ik> fyhr;rhuk;> mjpfhuk; kw;Wk;

r%f Vw;wj;jho;Tfspdhy; njhlu;r;rpahf

Vw;gLfpwJ vd fz;lwpe;Js;sJ. ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph;gpioj;jth;fis ikag;gLj;jpajhd

gupe;Jiufs; kw;Wk; tpupthd topfhl;Ljy;fshdit

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay; td;KiwAld;

,ize;jjhd fsq;fj;jpid KbTWj;Jtjw;fhd

topfisAk;> NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay;

td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;gpioj;jtu;fis

kPl;nlLg;gjw;fhd topKiwfisAk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capu;gpioj;jtu;fs;> nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fs;>

gapw;rpahsu;fs; kw;Wk; Vida rk;ge;jg;gl;l

jug;gpdu;fSf;F vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ.

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;KiwAld;

,ize;jjhd fsq;fj;jpw;F gjpyspf;fTk; jLf;fTk;

Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s eltbf;iffshdit mf;

fsq;fq;fspd; tpisthf ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;

gpioj;jth;fSf;F vjpuhf fhzg;gLfpd;w gf;fr;

rhh;G njhlh;gpy; ftdnkLf;f Ntz;baJ kpf

ehd; cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ ehd;F

Mz;fs; vd; tPl;bw;Fs; te;J njhilapNy

fps;sp vd;id tpopf;fr; nra;j NghJ Vw;gl;l

czu;Tfis vd;dhy; xUNghJk; tpsf;f

KbahJ. vd; mDkjpapd;wp vdf;F mepahak;

Vw;gl;lJ NghJk; r%fKk; fyhr;rhuKk;

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;Fupa ePjpia Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;

jtWfpd;wd. vdJ maytu;fspd; ghu;itapy;

ehd; fsq;fkile;j tLTs;s eguhfNt

,Uf;fpNwd;

tlf;fpy; trpf;fpd;w ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capu;gpioj;j jkpou;.

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. nghWg;ghf ghugl;rkw;w

jd;ikNahL RahjPdkhf nray;gLtjw;F gy

rk;ge;jg;gl;l jug;gpdiu Cf;fg;gLj;JtJk;

ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;gpioj;jtu;fisAk; mtu;fsJ

FLk;gq;fisAk; r%fj;jpy; rkkhf gq;nfLf;f

itg;gJk; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;

td;KiwAld; njhlu;GgLfpd;w gf;fr;rhu;G

topfhl;Ljy;fspd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

5.1 gupe;Jiufs;

r%fj;jpYs;s NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd


capu;gpioj;jtu;fspd; mjpfsthd gq;fspg;gpw;F

topnra;aTk;; mtu;fs; jq;fSila

nghUshjhu> r%f> Fbapay; murpay;

kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu cupikfisf; Rje;jpukhf

mDgtpf;fr; nra;tjw;fhfTk; gpd;tUk;

gupe;Jiufshdit cupikfs; mbg;gilapyhd

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspid ikag;gLj;jpa tpupthd

mZFKiwfspd; ghfnkhd;whf nghUj;jkhd

mf;fiwAilNahupdhy; mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

1. gq;FjhuHfspd; xj;Jiog;G - NkhjYld;

njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;gpioj;jtu;fspd;

cupik kw;Wk; tho;f;if gw;wpa

tplaq;fspYk;; gf;fr;rhu;gpid

Fiwg;gjw;fhd epWtd rPu;jpUj;jq;fs;

gw;wpa tplaq;fspYk; gy;NtWgl;l

rk;ge;jg;gl;l jug;gpdu;fSf;fpilNa

Ngr;Rthu;j;ijia Cf;Ftpf;f

Ntz;Lk;. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd


capu;gpioj;jtu;fSf;F vjpuhd ghy;epiy

mbg;gilapyhd ghFghLfSf;F

Cf;fkspf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik kw;Wk;

newpKiwfis cs;slf;fpa #oiy

khw;wpaikj;jy;.

2. rl;lk; kw;Wk; nfhs;if rPHjpUj;jk;:

- NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

8




capu;gpioj;jtu;fSf;F vjpuhd

ghFghL kw;Wk; gf;fr;rhu;G vd;gtw;iw

jtpu;f;Fk; Kfkhf nghUsstpyhd

kw;Wk; eilKiwr; rl;lq;fis

jpUj;Jjy;. NkYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capu;gpioj;jtu;fSld; njhlu;Gila

rl;lkhdJ ,yq;ifapd; rHtNjr

rl;luPjpahd flg;ghLfSf;F ,zq;f

cs;sJ vd cWjpg;gLj;jy;. jdpegHfspd;

cz;ikfisg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w Gydha;T

kw;Wk; Ma;Tfspid mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffis

rPu;jpUj;j Ntz;Lk;.

3. fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rp: tpupthd kw;Wk;

mu;j;jKs;s gapw;rp kw;Wk; jpwidf;

fl;bnaOg;Gk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fsp;d;

%ykhf r%fj;jpDs; Mokhf CLUtp

kiwe;jpUf;Fk; ghugl;rj;ij eptu;j;jp

nra;tjw;fhd topKiwfis toq;Fjy;.

gpd;tUk; gFjpfspy; ,dq;fhzg;gLk;

Jiwfs; xt;nthd;wpYk; ,t;thwhd

tpopg;Gzh;tpid Vw;gLj;JtjhdJ

capu;jg;gpatu;fs; tho;ehspd; Nghjhd

kWtho;T kw;Wk; kPl;G eltbf;iffspd;

NghJ Fiwe;j mstpyhd my;yJ

ghugl;rkpd;ikapid vjpu;nfhs;tjid

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhFk;.

4. epjp kw;Wk; tsq;fs;: ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capu;jg;gpatu;fspdhy; vjph;Nehf;fg;gLk;

ghugl;rj;jpid jtpu;g;gjid

Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L nfhs;iffis

mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F mf;fiwAilNahUf;F

Njitahd tsq;fisAk; epjpiaAk;

toq;Fjy;.

5. nghWg;Gf; $WjYk; Nkw;ghh;itAk;:

mf;fiwAilANahh; csg;g+h;tkhfTk;

ghugl;rkpd;wpAk; jq;fSila

flikfisr; nra;tjid

cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;w tifapy; nghWg;Gf;

$Wjy; kw;Wk; ntspg;gilj;jd;ikf;fhd

RahjPdkhd Nkw;ghh;it nghwpKiwapid

cUthf;Fjy;.

6. ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fspd;

tho;tpid tpUj;jp nra;jy;:

ngz;fSila Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk;

nghUshjhu> r%f mjpfhuj;jpid

mjpfhpf;fr; nra;Ak; Mw;wYiladthd

Ez;epjpepfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;> kw;Wk; fy;tp/njhopy;Kiw> njhopEl;g> tho;thjhu

gapw;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; cs;slq;fyhd

ek;gfkhd Kaw;rpfSf;F MjuT

toq;Fjy;. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila


caph; tho;gth;fSld; ,ize;J

gzpahw;Wfpd;w jdpegh;fs; kw;Wk;

epWtdq;fSf;F FWfpa fhy kw;Wk;

ePz;l fhy Mjutpid toq;Fjy;.

7. ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fis

ikag;gLj;jpajhd MjuT

tiyaikg;Gf;fs;: ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;

tho;gth;fs; mth;fspd; tho;f;if

mDgtq;fspid gfpu;tjw;fhd

fsq;fj;jpid cUthf;Ffpd;w cs;Sh;

kw;Wk; Njrpa tiyg;gpd;dy;fis

Cf;Ftpj;jy;. jd;Dilajid

xj;jkhjpupahd tpjpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l

Vidath;fs; cs;sdh; vd;gjid

njupe;J nfhs;tjd; %yk; NkhjYld;


ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fs;

jq;fSf;F vjpuhf fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpd;w

gf;fr;rhh;G kw;Wk; fsq;fk; vd;gtw;wpid

ifahs;tjw;fhd tpUj;jpapid ngw;Wf;

nfhs;syhk;.

8. tUKd; jLj;jy;: NkhjYld;

njhlh;Gila ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph; tho;gth;fSf;F

vjpuhd gf;fr;rhh;gpid Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;

fhuzpfisAk; Nkyjpfkhd td;Kiw

kw;Wk; ghugl;rj;jpw;F Mshff; $ba

nefpo;thdth;fspd;; mf;fiwfs;

ghJfhg;gLtjidAk; ifahs;tjw;fhd

xUq;fpize;j Kaw;rpfs;

vLf;fg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.

9. tpopg;Gzh;T: NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila


caph; tho;gth;fspd; kPJ jhf;fj;jpid

Vw;gLj;jf; $ba mf;fiw nfhz;Nlhh;

midtiuAk; nrd;wilaf; $bajhd

tifapy; midtiuAk; cs;slf;fpa

r%fq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd

r%fg; nghWg;Gld; njhlh;Gila

gue;Jgl;l fye;Jiuahly;fisAk;

Kbe;jsT mjpfkhd fsq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp ghy;epiy tfpgq;Ffis

rthYf;Fl;gLj;JjypidAk; Cf;Ftpj;jy;.

9



fl;likg;G uPjpapyhd jiyaPLfshdit


td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;Nthhpd;

gf;fr;rhh;gpid gpd;tUk; fl;likg;Gfspw;Fs;

vjph;g;gjid Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sd: murpay;

kw;Wk; epUthfr; #oy;> rl;l kw;Wk; nfhs;if

cUthf;f nrad;Kiwfs;> epiykhWfhy ePjpg;

nghwpKiw> ePjpj;Jiw> rl;l mKyhf;fj;Jld;

njhlh;Gila eilKiwfs;; epakq;fs;> kw;Wk;

nray;Kiwfs; vd;gdthFk;. .

gf;fr;rhh;gpid epiyj;jpUf;fr; nra;fpd;w kjpg;G

Kiwik kw;Wk; ghugl;rg;gLj;Jk; rpe;jid

nrad;Kiw vd;gtw;wpid nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jp

khw;Wtjpid Nehf;fkhf nfhz;litahf

rptpy; r%fk; kw;Wk; Clfq;fs; vd;gtw;iw

cs;slf;fpa rKjha #o;epiyfspy;

gf;fr;rhh;gpid kWjypg;gitahf rKjha epiy

jiyaPLfshdit mikfpd;wd.

ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;gpioj;jth;fspdhy; FLk;g

cWg;gpdh;fs;> rfghbfs;> Nrit toq;Fdh;fs;

kw;Wk; r%f mq;fj;jth;fs; vd;Nghhpd;

kj;jpapy; mDgtpf;fg;gLfpd;w ghugl;rq;fspid

kWjypg;gjpid jdpg;gl;lth;fSf;fpilapyhd

jiyaPLfs; mikfpd;wd.


td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;gpioj;jth;fspd;

tho;tpy; ngUksthd jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jk;

Mw;wYila Ml;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fspidNa

,t; topfhl;Ljy;fs; ,yf;fhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

5.2 gf;fr; rhh;gpw;F vjph;kiwahd cUg;gbtk;

cyfshtpa eltbf;iff;fhd nfhs;iffs;:

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;KiwAld;

,ize;jjhd fsq;fj;jpid ifahSjYk;

jLj;jYk; vd;w Mtzj;jpy; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;w

fsq;fj;;jpid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd khjpupahdJ

,t; topfhl;Ljy;fSf;fhd mbj;jskhf

mikfpd;wJ. fl;likg;G ep;iy> rKjha epiy

kw;Wk; jdpegh; epiy Mfpa gbepiyfspy; ,t;

topfhl;Ljy;fs; jiyaPl;bid Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd.

,t; topfhl;Ljy;fs; KOikahdJk;

jpl;ltl;lkhdJkhd jd;ikAiladitay;y

vd;gJk; ntWkNd NtWgl;l nraw;ghl;Lf;

fl;lq;fspy; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd


caph;tho;gth;fspdhy; mDgtpf;fg;gLfpd;w

gf;fr; rhh;gpid tpidj;jpwdhf vjph;g;gjw;fhd

topKiwfis Kd; itf;fNt tpisfpd;wJ vd;gJ

ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;.

Kd;dh; vd;Dila fztUlDk;

gps;isfSlDk; ehd; kfpo;thf tho;e;J

te;Njd;. Nghh;> ,lg;ngah;T kw;Wk; Nghhpd;

jhf;fq;fspd; gpd;dUk; $l vq;fspd;

nrhe;jtplj;jpw;F jpUk;gpr; nry;fpd;Nwhk;

vd;gjpy; ehd; kfpo;tile;jpUe;Njd;.

ehq;fs; kPsf; Fbakh;e;j NghJ ,uhZtk;

njhlh;gpy; rpwpjsT mr;rkile;jpUe;Njhk;.

gae;jjw;fika> vq;fSila

kPs;FbNaw;wj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; ehspypUe;Nj

mth;fs; jq;fspd; nfh^uj;jpid ep&gpj;jdh;.

mjd; gpd;dh; vd;dhy; mikjpapid mila

Kbatpy;iy. mJ vd; tho;tpd; %ykhdJk;

MwhjhJkhd fhakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

tlf;fpy; trpf;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph;thOk; jkpoh;

rk;gtk; ,lk;ngw;w NghJ Muk;gj;;jpy;

nghyp]hh; gpur;rpidfs; vjidAk;

cUthf;ftpy;iy vdpDk; rhd;Wfis

Nrfupf;fj; njhlq;fpaTlDk; ifJ

nra;ag;gl;lth;fs; gpiz Nfhuj;

njhlq;fpaTlDk; mth;fs; nraw;Fog;gk;

milaj; njhlq;fpdh;. fhyk; nry;yr;

nry;y mth;fs; vd;id ntWg;Gld;

mZfj; njhlq;fpdh;. vd;dhy; ehd;F

Fw;wthspfs; %d;W tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf

rpiwapyilf;fg;gl Nghfpd;whh;fs; vdTk;

,jdhy; ehd; ,UgJ ,yl;rj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l

gzj;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg; Nghfpd;Nwd;

vdTk; fpspnehr;rpapy; gzpf;fkh;j;jg;gl;l jkpo;

Ngrf; $ba rpq;fs nghyp]; mYtynuhUhpdhy;

ehd; itag;gl;Nld;. ehd; gjpyspf;ftpy;iy.

tlf;fpy; trpf;fpd;w ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph;tho;fpd;w jkpoh;

r%fkhdJ ehq;fs; jPa

elj;ijAilath;fs; vdTk; mjd;

epkpj;jkhfNt ghypay; td;Gzh;tpw;F

cl;gLj;jg;gl;Nlhk; vdTk;

epidf;fpd;wJ. ehq;fs; kpfTk; Nkhrkhf

elj;jg;gl;Nlhk;. ghypay; hPjpahf

td;Kiwf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;lth;fs; vq;fSila

fyhr;rhuj;jpdhy; ntWf;fg;gLfpd;whh;fs;.

ehq;fs; ,e;j r%fj;jpid Nrh;e;jth;fsy;y.

ehq;fs; fyhrhu epfo;Tfspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;F

mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ehd; gy Ngupid

,oe;Js;Nsd;. ehd; mth;fSila

ew;ngaUf;F fsq;fk; Vw;gLj;jp tpl;ljhf

vd;Dila cwtpdh;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wdh;.

ehd; vd;Dila nrhe;j FLk;g

cWg;gpdh;fspdhy; jtwhf elhj;jg;gl;Nld;.

vd;dhy; fpuhkj;jpy; ve;jnthU kjpg;Gkpf;f

,lq;fSf;Fk; Nghf Kbatpy;iy. vdf;F

ve;jnthU r%f me;j];Jk; ,y;iy.

ahUf;Fk; vd;Dld; ,ize;J nra;tjw;F

vJTkpy;iy.

nghyd;dWitapy; trpf;fpd;w ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph;tho;fpd;w rpq;fsth;.

10



gpd;tUNthh; mt; tiff;Fs; cs;slq;Ffpd;wdh;:

- nghyp]; kw;Wk; ,uhZtj;jpdh;

- kUj;Jt kw;Wk; Rfhjhu

cah;njhopy;GupNthh; my;yJ Mszpapdh;

- rhl;rpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; Kjd;ik

gjpyspg;Nghh;

- rl;lj;juzpfs;> mur tof;Fj;njhLdh;fs;>

ePjpgjpfs; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;wq;fs;

- murhq;f epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; mjpfhhpfs;

- Nrit toq;Fdh;fs;

- jdpahh; Jiw nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;

- Clfq;fs;

- rptpy; r%fk;

- topghl;blq;fs; kw;Wk; kjj;jiyth;fs;

- FLk;gq;fs;> cwtpdh;fs;> NkhjYld;


ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;Nthhpd; rfghbfs;.

- NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;

td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph;tho;NthUld; njhlh;GgLfpd;w

xt;nthU jdpg;gl;lth;fSk; r%fKk;.

5.3 rh;tNjruPjpahd rpwe;j eilKiwfs;

Nkhjypd; NghJ Gupag;gl;l ghypay;

td;KiwAk; mjidj; njhlh;e;J eilngWk;

fsq;fg;gLj;jYk; NkhjYf;Fg; gpe;ija

r%fj;jpdhy; rpwg;ghff; ifahsg;gl Ntz;ba

cyfshtpa cz;iknahd;whFk;. epahak;

toq;fg;gl;lnjd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F

Njitahd NghJkhd eltbf;iffis

mtd; Kjypy; vd;id ghypay;

gyhj;fhuj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jpdhd;. gpd;dh;

vd;id ghypay; gyhj;fhuj;jpw;Fl;gLj;JkhW

jd; ez;gidf; Nfhhpdhd;. mtd; vd;id

cijj;jhd;. vd;id mbj;jhd;. ehd;

kWj;jjpid Nghd;W MnzhUtupid

kWf;Fk; tifapy; ngUik kpFe;jtshf

ngz;nzhUj;jp ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd mtd;

$wpdhd;. vdf;F mk;kdpjid ed;whfj;

njhpAk;. ehd; vJTk; nra;atpy;iy. ehd;

,Jgw;wp ahUf;Fk; nrhy;y tpUk;gtpy;iy.

mtd; ,uhZtj;jpy; ,Ue;jjpdhy; ehd;

nghyp]pw;Fr; nry;tjw;F tpUk;gtpy;iy.

vdf;Fk; vd; FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; gpd;dhy; mtd;

tUthd; vd ehd; gae;Njd;. ehd; epahak;

Nfhu tpUk;gtpy;iy. ehd; gae;Njd;. ehd;

mtDf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; gae;Njd;.

nghyd;dWitapy; trpf;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph;tho;fpd;w rpq;fsth;.

rkhjhdj;jpidf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; kw;Wk;

ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; cWjpnra;a

Ntz;baJld; rpj;jutijapid mDgtpj;j

ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;Nthh; mDgtpj;j mjpu;r;rp

kw;Wk; mtkjpg;G vd;gdtw;wpid NkhjYld;


ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph; gpioj;jth;fspid kPz;Lk;

r%fj;jpDs; xUq;fpizg;gjid Nehf;fkhff;

nfhz;l xj;jpirthd> ghy;epiy czh;jpwd;

kpf;fJk; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy rkj;JtKk;

cs;s KiwikapDs; ifahSjy;. Nghupd;

je;jpNuhghankhd;whf ghypay; td;KiwapDila

ghtid mjpfhpj;Js;s epiyapy; [.eh

Kiwik> rh;tNjr ePjpg; nghwpKiwfs; kw;Wk;

mur kw;Wk; mury;yh nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;

vd;Nghhpd; kj;jpapy; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd


caph;gpioj;jth;fspdhy; mDgtpf;fg;gLfpd;w

fsq;fk; njhlh;ghd gFjpfs; njhlh;gp;y;

cr;rgl;rkhd mgha mwptpg;Gk; GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l

mf;fiwAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Nghhpd; my;yJ gaq;futhjj;jpd;

je;jpNuhghankhd;whff; ifahsg;gLfpd;w ghypay;

td;KiwapDila xUq;fpize;j gFjpahf

mtkhdk; kw;Wk; fsq;fk; vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd:

,e;j tifahd Fw;wkhdJ ghjpf;fg;gLgth;fspid

rKjhaj;jpypUe;J tpyf;fp FLk;gq;fs;

kw;Wk; r%fj;jpid gpizj;J itj;Js;s

gpizg;Gf;fspid ghjpf;fpd;wJ vd;gJld;

Fw;wr;rhl;Lld; njhlh;Gila fsq;fkhdJ

Fw;wk; Gupgtupd; ntspg;gilj;jd;ikapNyNa

jq;fpAs;sJ vdTk; If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd;

ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsh; jd;Dila 2017 Mk; Mz;L

mwpf;ifapy; mtjhdpg;gpid ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;.


njhlh;gpyhd njhlh;Glik> rthy;fs; kw;Wk;

epWtdg; gjpyspg;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;wpid tpsq;fpf;

nfhs;sTk; kw;Wk; fl;lisapLk; mjpfhupfs;>

mYtyh;fs;> ,uhZt ty;Ydh;fs; MfpNahupid

mikjp fhf;Fk; gzpapd; NghJ NkhjYld;

njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapd;

rthy;fis ifahs;tjw;fhf ,uhZt gpuptpd;

tfpgq;F kw;Wk; nghWg;Gilik njhlh;gpyhd

gzp kw;Wk; cs;slf;fq;fs; njhlh;gpy;

gapw;Wtpf;fTk; [.eh ,Dila mikjpfhf;Fk;

nraw;ghLfSf;fhd jpizf;fsk; my;yJ fs

MjuTj; jpizf;fsk; vd;gjpdhy; tpNrlkhd

gapw;Wtpg;G %yfq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Nkyjpfkhf> NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;Kiwf;fhd $l;Lg; gjpyspg;gpid

Nkk;gLj;Jk; tifapy; gy tupirahd %Nyhgha

eltbf;iffspid toq;Ffpd;w JUg;Gf;fspid

gq;fspf;fpd;w ehLfSf;fhf If;fpa ehLfspd;

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay; td;Kiw

njhlh;ghd tpNrlkhd gapw;Wtpg;G %yfq;fs;

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

11



[.ehtpDila ngz;fs; gpupthdJ NkhjYld;

njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw njhlh;gpy;

ngUksthd gzpapid Kd;ndLg;gJld;

ngUk;ghyhd nfhs;if Mtzq;fs;

kw;Wk; ntspaPLfs; vd;gd ghypay; kw;Wk;

ghy;epiyiaikag;gLj;jpa td;Kiw njhlh;gpy;

rpf;fyhd %y fhuzq;fs; kw;Wk; tpisTfs;

vd;gtw;wpidf; ifahSfpd;wd.

eilKiw> fyhrhu kw;Wk; murpay; jilfs;:

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; / caph;tho;Nthh; kw;Wk; mth;fsp;d; gps;isfs; MfpNahupd; Njitfspid

KftupapLtjw;;fhd Kd;Ndhf;fpa top vd;fpd;w

MtzkhdJ nghUshjhu> murpay;> r%f> fyhrhu

kw;Wk; rka uPjpapyhd jilfspid Gupe;J

nfhs;fpd;w #o;epiyf;Fg; gpuj;jpNafkhdJk;

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspid ikag;gLj;jpaJkhd

mZFKiwapd; %ykhfNt fsq;fj;jpd;

tpisTfs; ifahsg;gl KbAk; vd;gjid

kPsTk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. fsq;fk;> mr;RWj;jy;

gw;wpa gak;> kw;Wk; Njrpa epWtdq;fspd;

kPjhd ek;gpf;ifapd;ik vd;gd cs;slq;fyhd

r%f jilfNs jq;fSila mDgtq;fspid

mwpf;ifapLtjpypUe;J gy ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;

gpioj;jth;fspid jLf;fpd;wd. epahaj; njupTfspd;

%ykhf mth;fs; ed;ikaila khl;lhh;fs;

vd;w gaKk; ngUk;ghyhd ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;

gpioj;jth;fs; mwpf;ifapLtjidj; jLf;fpd;wJ.

If;fpa ehLfspd; ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; jPu;khdk;

1325 ,id mKyhf;FtJ kPjhd cyfshtpa

fw;ifahdJ ,yFthf mZff; $ba Nritfspd;

Fiwthd fpilg;gdT> cjtpapidg; ngWjy;

kw;Wk; kjpg;Gld; elhj;jg;gLjy; vd;gtw;wpd;

FiwghL Mfpa gpujhd fhuzq;fspd; epkpj;jNk

Nkhjypyhd td;Kiw njhlh;gpy; ngz;fs;

mwpf;ifapLtjpy;iy vdTk; ,dq;fhz;fp;d;wJ.

Njrpa kw;Wk; rh;tNjr ePjpg; nghwpKiwfs;

kw;Wk;; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;

vd;gth;fSf;fpilapyhd tpidj;jpwdhd

xj;Jiog;gpw;fhd rhj;jpag;ghLfis

Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jp NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay;

td;Kiwapid tprhuiz nra;aTk; tof;Fj;

njhlu;tjw;fhd Mjutpid toq;Ftjw;Fkhf

rh;tNjr epAuk;Ngf; Nfhl;ghLfs; mflkpapdhy;

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay; td;Kiwapid

tof;fpLtjw;fhf rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;

kw;Wk; ePjp topKiwfs; vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd

xj;Jiog;G: topfhl;Lk; nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk;

gupe;Jiufs; vd;w Mtzk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ePjpkd;wq;fs; (kw;Wk; ePjpkd;wq;fspypUe;J

RahjPdkhf ,aq;Fk; ,lq;fspy; tof;Fj;

njhLdh;fs;) kw;Wk; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;

MfpNahh; ghugl;rkpd;wpAk; RahjPdkhfTk;

,aq;FtJ kl;Lkd;wp mth;fs; mt;thwhf

nraw;gLtJk; ghh;f;fg;gl Ntz;baJkhd tifapy;

xj;Jiog;gpd; Kf;fpakhdJk; nghJthdJkhd

nfhs;isahf ghugl;rkpd;ik kw;Wk; Rje;jpuk;

vd;gd ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

rh;tNjr Fw;wtpay; tprhuizfSf;fhd

epWtdkhdJ jfty; Nrfupg;Nghh;> Nrit

toq;Fdh;fs;> Muha;rpahsh;fs;> vOj;jhsh;fs;

kw;Wk; mwpf;iffspid gpuRhpf;Fk;

gpuRhpg;ghsh;fs; ePjp kw;Wk; rl;l mKyhf;f

mjpfhupfs; KjyhNdhiu ghjpf;ff; $ba

rhj;jpakhd jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; mikg;G uPjpahd

gf;fr;rhh;GfSf;fhd ek;gfkhd mZFKiwfspd;

Clhd tpupthd topfhl;Ljy;fspid toq;Fk;

Mz; gps;isfs; kw;Wk; Mz;fSf;F vjpuhd

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay; kw;Wk;

ghy;epiyia ikag;gLj;jpa td;Kiwapid

tprhupg;gjw;fhd topfhl;Ljy;fs; 2016 ngg;utupapy;

cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

Nrit toq;Fjypy; ghugl;rj;jpd; tfpgq;fpid

mq;fPfupf;fg;gJld; NkhjYld; njhlHGila

ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;

tho;NthUf;F guhkhpg;gpid toq;Ffpd;w

kUj;Jt kw;Wk; Rfhjhu cah;njhopyhsh;fs;

kw;Wk; Rfhjhu Nritfs; kw;Wk; epiykhWfhy

ePjp nghwpKiwfSf;F jiyik jhq;Ffpd;w

nfhs;if tFg;ghsh; MfpNahUf;F gad;glf;

$ba topfhl;Ljy;fs; vd;gtw;wpid toq;Ffpd;w

ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F

kUj;Jt rl;l cjtpfspid toq;Fgth;fSf;fhd

topfhl;Ljy;fspid rh;tNjr Rfhjhu ];jhgdk;

ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

ghy;epiy kw;Wk;> ghypay; mbg;gilapyhd

td;Kiw njhlu;ghd fsq;fg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;

gf;frhu;ghd tplaq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLk; topfs;>

milahsg;gLj;jy;; njhlu;ghf gy;NtW tpjkhd

topKiwfs; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

12



cfhz;lhtpy; cs;s ngz; ePjpgjpfspd; Njrpa xd;wpak; MdJ ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiwfs;

my;yJ ghFghLfs; njhlu;ghd tof;FfSf;F ePjpgjpfs; jPu;T fhZk; NghJ ru;tNjrf; fUtpfis

gad;gLj;Jk; jpwid tpUj;jpnra;tjpy; gf;fr;rhu;gpid ,dq;fz;L ghy;epiy $u;Tzu;Tkpf;f jPu;g;Gf;fspid toq;Fk; jpwid

tpUj;jp nra;a Kaw;rpf;fpwJ.

ghy;epiy ePjpf;fhd ngz;fspd; Kaw;rp vDk; mikg;ghdJ ru;tNjr eltbf;iffspd; %yk;

ngz;fSf;fhd ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk;> ghy;epiy ePjp vd;gtw;iw cWjp nra;J nfhs;tJld; rh;tNjr

Fw;wtpay; ePjpkd;wk; (ICC) ,d; Kw;$l;ba ghy;epiy ePjpiaAk; jdJ eltbf;iffspd; %yk; cWjp nra;J nfhs;fpwJ. NkYk; Fw;wtpay; ePjpkd;wk; (ICC) ,d; ePjpgjpfs;> tof;fwpQu;fs;> Copau;fs; MfpNahUf;F ghy;epiy uPjpapy; czu;Tg;G+u;tkhd gapw;rpfspid toq;Ftjd; %yk;

ghypay; td;Kiw njhlu;ghd R+o;epiyfspy; Fwpj;j vy;iyapd; cs; ghy;epiy mbg;gilapy;

Kuz;ghLfis jPu;j;jy; kw;Wk; Nkhjy;fSld; njhlu;Gila ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) My; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu; gpioj;jtu;fs; rk;ge;jkhf eLepiyahfTk; Rje;jpukhfTk; jPu;Tfis toq;fy;.

,e;jpahtpy; cs;s ghlrhiyapy; ghy;epiy rkj;Jt ,af;fk; (GEMS) ePz;l fhy r%f ghy;epiy ghj;jpuq;fs;> mtw;wpd; khjpupfSf;F rthy; tpLtjd; %yk; ,sk; gUtj;jpdupd; ghypdk;> td;Kiw

njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfSld; ,iza Kaw;rpf;fpwJ. ,e;j ghy;epiy epfo;r;rpahdJ rkj;Jtkhd

newpKiwfspd; MjuTld; MSik khw;wj;jpid cUthf;Fjiy ghlj;jpl;l Nehf;fkhff;

nfhz;Ls;sJ.

yj;jPd; mnkupf;fhtpd; ghy;epiy uPjpapyhd ngz; nfhiyfs; (ngz; rpRf;nfhiy) gw;wpa tprhuizf;fhd

khjphp xOq;FKiwfs; MdJ ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; my;yJ gpujpthjpfspd; elj;ijfs;> gz;Gfs;

my;yJ ghj;jpuq;fs; vd;gd jtwhd mgpg;gpuhak; my;yJ xNu khjpupahd fUj;Jf;fs; vd;gdtw;why;

ghjpg;gilahj tifapy; eLepiyahd ePjp eltbf;iffis toq;Ftjw;fhf (OHCHR) mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ. epajpfspd; tpupthd gFg;gha;T njhlu;ghd tplaj;jpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhupfs;

eLepiyahdJk; tpidj;jpwdhdJk; Md tprhuizfis vt;tpj jhkjKk; ,d;wp fpilf;ff;$ba

midj;J rl;l topKiwfisAk; gad;gLj;jp cz;ikia mwpe;J nfhz;L gpd;dzpj;njhlHG>

gpbg;G> tof;F vd;gtw;iw jPu;khdpg;gij Nehf;fkhfTk; mjd; %yk; tpNrlkhf cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;

rk;ge;jg;gl;bUg;gpd; midj;J Fw;wthspfSf;Fk; ,Wjp jPu;g;G toq;fy;.

vapl;];> ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd Ez; epjpAld; $ba jiyaPL vDk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;

(IMAGE) jpl;lk; MdJ njd; Mgpupf;fhtpd; gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fPo; thOk; ngz;fSf;F epjp cjtpAld; $ba fyhrhu ek;gpf;iffs;> vapl;]; (HIV) ,ypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;> ghy;epiy newpKiwfs; gw;wpa mwptpid Nkk;gLj;Jk; mku;Tfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiwfis jLg;gjw;Fk; mjw;Fg; gjpy; toq;Ftjw;Fkhd cstpay;

uPjpapyhd MjuTj; jpl;lk; (GBV) %yk; UNFPA ck; Neghypd; cs MNuhf;fpak; kw;Wk; MNyhrid toq;Fk; epiyaKk; xd;wpize;J csts r%f Mjutpid toq;Fgtu;fs;pd; jpwid

tpUj;jpnra;jy;> kUj;Jt Nkw;ghu;it toq;fy;> cstpay; kw;Wk; kd MNuhf;fpa Nritfs; kw;Wk;

mjpfk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;fy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpwJ.

fk;Nghbahtpd; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiwfis jLg;gjw;fhd ,uz;lhtJ Njrpa nraw;jpl;lk;

(2014 - 2018) ,dhy; Kjd;ikahd jLg;G> rl;l uPjpahd ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; gy;Jiwrhu; Nritfs;>

rl;l jpl;lq;fspd; cUthf;fKk; mjd; mgptpUj;jpAk;> jifik tpUj;jp kw;Wk; kPs; fz;fhzpg;G>

Fwpg;ghf ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiwfspd; NghJ Kf;fpaj;Jtkhd gFjpfis kjpg;gPL

nra;jy; Nghd;wd eilngWfpd;wJ. ,jd; nfhs;iffshdJ fy;tp kw;Wk; Clfq;fspd; Clhf

ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; ftdk; nrYj;JfpwJ.

13



5.4 gf;fr;rhu;G gw;wpa

topfhl;ly;fs;;

gf;fr;rhu;G vd;gJ Fwpg;gpl;l xU vz;zj;jpd;

nraw;ghl;bdhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ. mJ

,ay;ghfNt xUtu; ed;ik vdf; fUJk;

kw;wtu;fSf;F jPq;fhd vz;zr; nraw;ghLfis

mjpfupj;J tpLk;. gf;fr;rhu;ghd vz;zr;

nraw;ghLfis vt;thW ,dq;fz;L nfhs;tJ> ,J

jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; ngupa mstpy; cs;thq;fg;gly;

vd;gtw;Wld; njhlu;Gilajh? Nghd;wdNt gyu;

tpil NjLfpd;w Nfs;tpfshFk;.

gf;fr;rhu;G vd;gJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l cyf ghu;itapd;

ntspg;ghlhf kf;fspd; kdjpy; fhyj;Jld; Nt&d;wp

,Uf;Fk;. ,tw;iw jLg;gjw;Fk;; gjpyspg;gjw;Fk;

kw;Wk; nghJthd ghy;epiy gf;fr;rhu;GfSf;F

rthy; tply; vd;gtw;wpf;Fk; xUkpj;j Kaw;rpfs;

vLf;fg;gLkhapd; ,JNt gjpyb toq;Fk;

xd;whFk;. ,J Nghd;w xU cz;ikahd

mu;g;gzpg;Ng NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpfg;gl;ltu;fSf;F

vjpuhd gf;fr;rhu;ghd tplaq;fis vLj;Jiuf;f

tpupthd fl;likg;gpw;Fs; Ntiy nra;gtu;fSf;F

Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,J njhlu;ghf gpd;tUk;

topfhl;ly;fs; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

1. fl;likg;G uPjpapyhd jiyaPLfs;

m. Nghupd; NghJ NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F epfo;j;jg;gl;l

Fw;wq;fis kWg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf

mtu;fis ,dq;fz;L nfhz;L rhjfkhd

murpay; nghWg;ig cUthf;Ftjd; %yk;

ghjpg;Gj; jd;ikia ,dq;fhzy;.

M. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;

td;Kiwapdhy;; ghjpfg;gl;ltu;fSf;F

vjpuhd gf;fr;rhu;Gfis

vLj;Jiug;gjw;fhd Njrpa nraw;ghl;Lj;

jpl;lk; xd;wpid my;yJ tpupthd

gy;Jiwrhu; Njrpa nfhs;if

fl;likg;gpid rk;ge;jg;gl;l midj;J

mikr;ru;fs; kw;Wk; gq;Fjhuu;fspd;

vq;fisg; Nghy; ghypay;

td;Kiwfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;

vd;d ele;jJ vd;gjid ntspr;rj;jpw;F

nfhz;Lte;J mjw;fhf ePjpiag;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jd; %yk;

,J Nghd;w rk;gtq;fs; ,d;ndhUtUf;F

Vw;glhJ vd;gjid cWjp

nra;Jnfhs;syhk;.

kl;lf;fsg;gpy; trpf;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph;thOk; Mz;

gq;fspg;Gf;fSld; toq;fp mjd; %yk;

FWfpa fhy> ePz;l fhy nghWg;Gf;fis

tpidj;jpwdhd nraw;ghLfSf;fhf

milahsk; fz;Lnfhs;tjpid cWjp

nra;jy;.

,. ngz;fspd; Njitfs; kw;Wk;

ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba r%fk; rhu;ghf

ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; czu;jpwid

tYg;gLj;j murpay;> cau; kl;l

mur epWtdq;fs;> ePjpj;Jiw> rl;l

mKyhf;fk;> MAjg;gil> epiykhWfhy

ePjpr; nrad;Kiwfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy;

ngz;fSf;F rkj;Jtkhd gpujpepjpj;Jtk;

,Ug;gjpid cWjp nra;J nfhs;sy;.

rpq;fsk; kw;Wk; Mq;fpyk; NgRk;


td;Kiw ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F

vjpuhd gf;fr;rhu;gpid

ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd midj;J

eltbf;iffisAk; topKiwfisAk;

cWjpnra;J nfhs;stjw;fhf mb

vLj;J itj;jy;. NkYk; Njit

Vw;gbd; ciungau;g;ghsu;fs; kw;Wk;

nkhopngau;g;ghsu;fspid xOq;F

nra;jy;.

c. fl;likg;G uPjpapyhd jiyaPLfs;

MdJ mur epWtdq;fspd; kPjhd

ek;gpf;ifapid cUthf;fy; kw;Wk;

mtw;wpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; Nritfs;

KOtijAk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;

Rje;jpukhf mZfp mtu;fSf;F vjpuhf

epfo;j;jg;gl;l Fw;wq;fis Kiwg;ghL

nra;tjw;F Cf;Ftpj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F

NghJkhdjhf cs;sjh vd;gjid cWjp

nra;J nfhs;sy;.

C. fzprkhd Kiwapyhd rl;lq;fs;> ePjpkd;w

eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; kuGfs; vd;gd

ntspg;gilahfNth kiwKfkhfNth

ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd gf;fr;rhu;Gfs;

kw;Wk; ghFghLfs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpwjh

vd;gjpid cWjpnra;J nfhs;sy;.

ghypay; td;Kiwfshy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; rPu;jpUj;jg;gl;L>

Neu;ikahf ghugl;rkpd;wpAk; epajpfSf;F

,zq;fp ,Ufpwhu;fsh vd;gij

cWjpnra;tjw;fhf njhlu;r;rpahf

kjpg;gha;T nra;ag;gLfpwhu;fs;.

v. ghypay; td;Kiw eilngw;w R+oypy;

Rje;jpukhdJk; tpidj;jpwd; $baJkhd

tprhuizfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

ePjpj;Jiwapid cUthf;Ftjd;

%yk; ghypay; td;Kiwahy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F tpNrl rl;lg;

ghJfhg;gpid toq;Fjy;.

V. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;

14




capu;tho;gtu;fSld; njhlu;Ggl;l

rl;lq;fs;> ru;tNjr rl;lG+u;t flg;ghLfs;

kw;Wk; epiykhWfhy ePjpf; fl;likg;G

vd;gdtw;Wld; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;L

,yq;ifapdhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ljid

cWjpg;gLj;jy;.

I. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu; kw;Wk; rhl;rp

MfpNahUf;fhd ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghd

rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Neub tsq;fs;

Nghd;wtw;iw mjpfupj;jy;. kw;Wk;

ek;gfkhd kdpj cupikfs;

mikg;Gf;fSld; ,ize;J my;yJ

,izahJ ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhUf;F FWfpa

fhy my;yJ ePz;l fhy jq;Fkplk;>

ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Mjutpid toq;Fjy;.

x. Mu;tyu;fSlDk; cs;Su;> Njrpa>

ru;tNjr mikg;Gf;fSld; ,ize;J

my;yJ ,izahJ NkhjYld;

njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw

,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSld; Ntiy

nra;jiy xOq;FgLj;jy;. ePjpf;fhd

mZfy; kw;Wk; cz;ikahd

juTfspid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjd; %yk;

rpwe;j nfhs;ifia cUthf;Fjy;

Nghd;wtw;wpw;F cjTjy;.

X. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;

td;Kiwapd;; nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd

tprhuizfis KOikahfTk;

Rje;jpukhfTk; gf;fr;rhu;gw;Wk;

tpidj;jpwdhfTk; Nkw;nfhs;s tof;F

tprhuiz nra;Ak; mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk;

rl;l mKyhf;fk; vd;gtw;iw ,izj;J

elj;ij tpjpKiwfs; kw;Wk; tpupthd

topKiwfis toq;Fjy;.

xs. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltupd; rhl;rpak;> Mtz

mwpf;if vd;gdtw;iw ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;

Gupe;Jnfhs;Sk; nkhopapy; my;yJ

ciungau;g;ghsupd; my;yJ

nkhopngau;g;ghsupd; cjtpAld; kpfj;

Jy;ypakhf Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F mjidf;

ifahSk; Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; mjpfhupfs;

,UtUk; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;bUg;gjid

cWjp nra;jy;. NkYk; vOjg;gl;l

mwpf;if MdJ Fw;wk; eilngw;w

,lj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;w Jy;ypakhd

gpujpgypg;ghf ,Ug;gij cWjpnra;J

nfhs;sy;.

f. epWtdq;fspy; cs;s FOf;fSld;

NrHe;Jk; my;yJ mit jtpu;e;Jk;

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;Kiw njhlu;ghd

tof;Ffis tprhuiz nra;jy;

kw;Wk; ghFghLlDk; gf;fr;rhu;GlDk;

$ba tof;Ffis vLj;Jiuj;jy;

Nghd;wtw;iw fz;fhzpf;Fk; nghUl;L

Rje;jpukhd gFg;gha;T MNyhrfu;fs;>

ciungau;g;ghsu;fs;> nkhopngau;ghsu;fs;

kw;Wk; kUj;Jt / cstpay; epGzu;fs; MfpNahu; cs;slq;fyhf jw;fhypfkhd

my;yJ epue;jukhd rpwg;G gpuptpid

];jhgpj;jy;.

fh. Muha;r;rp mYtyu;fs; tprhuiz

nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ NkhjYld;

njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw

njhlu;ghd jfty;fs; kw;Wk; Mjhuq;fis

jpul;Lk; nghUl;L Muha;r;rp kw;Wk;

gFg;gha;Tfis Ke;ija Mok; tiu

nfhz;L nry;y jFjptha;e;j jdpegu;fis

gapw;Wtpj;jYk; gzpaku;j;jYk;.

fp. Kiwahd tprhuizfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

nghUl;L rpwg;ghf xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l

tpidj;jpwdhd epfo;r;rp jpl;lq;fspd;

%yk; jpwd; tpUj;jp> gapw;rpfs;>

tpopg;Gzu;it mjpfupj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpy;

Kjyply;. ,e;j epfo;r;rp jpl;lq;fshdJ

ntt;NtWgl;l tpopg;Gzu;T mk;rq;fis

cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e; epfo;r;rp

jpl;lq;fs; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;KiwAld; njhlu;ghd rl;lf;

Nfhl;ghLfs;> Mjhug;gLj;jypd; rl;lk;>

eilKiwfs;> nghUj;jkhd fhuzp

Nghd;wtw;iwAk; ghFghLfsw;w tpjpfs;>

,aw;ifahd ePjp> ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fis

rkkhfTk; kupahijAlDk; elj;Jjy;>

,ufrpaj;jd;ik> ghjpf;fg;gl;ltiu

Neu;fhZk; tpjk; kw;Wk; Neu;fhZk;

gz;G Nghd;wtw;wpidAk; gw;wpa gue;j

Gupjypid mtrpak; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

ghy;epiy czu;jpwid cUthf;f

gapw;Wtpg;gjd; %yk; ghy;epiy

xw;WikfSf;F rthy;tply; kw;Wk;


td;Kiwapd; gpd;tpisTfs;> khWgl;l

,ay;Gfs;> fhuzq;fs;> msTfspid

gw;wpa gpur;ridfis ntspg;gLj;jy;.

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; / rhl;rpfsplk; ,Ue;J mtu;fspd; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;Kiw mDgtj;jpid

,yFthf ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

mYtyu;fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;L Nju;r;rp

ngw;wpUj;jy; mtrpakhFk;. mj;Jld;

murpdhy; my;yJ r%fj;jpdhy;

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;Kiw tprhuizahdJ

Kw;Wifaplg;gLk; my;yJ vjpu;f;fg;gLk;

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mtw;wpid ifahsTk;

gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.

fP. ghypapy; td;Kiwapid Gupjy; my;yJ

Guptjw;F vj;jdpj;jy; kw;Wk; NkhjYld;


ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fs; njhlh;gpy;

rpwpjsNtDk; ghugl;rk; my;yJ

15



gf;fr;rhh;gpidf; fhl;Ljy; vd;gd

njhlh;gpy; mYtyh;fis nghWg;Gf;

$wr; nra;fpd;wjhd epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;

nghwpKiwfspid toq;Fjy;.

F. ePjpgjpfs;> mur rl;lthjpfs;>

rl;lj;juzpfs;> tof;Fj; njhLg;Nghh;>

IPuu;fs; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;w Copah;fs;

MfpNahUf;F gpuNahfpf;ff; $bajhd

xOf;f eltbf;iff; Nfhit kw;Wk;

tpopg;Gzh;itf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy;

KjyPLfisr; nra;tJld; nghJthf

ngz;fSf;nfjpuhfTk; tpNrlkhf

NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay;


caph;tho;gth;fspdJk; ePjpKiw

gf;fr;rhh;gpid vjph;kiwahf

vjph;nfhs;tjw;F Njitahd

MSikfis tsh;j;njLg;gjw;fhd

epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis fl;bnaOg;GtJld;

gf;fr;rhh;G tof;Ffis ifahs;tjw;F

nghWg;Gf; $wy; nghwpKiwfis

cUthf;Fjy;.

r. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;

td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;

tho;gth;fs; epkpj;jkhf gf;fr;rhh;G

kw;Wk; ghFghl;bid ,y;yhky;

nra;tjw;fhf jq;fSila flikfis

midj;J gq;FjhuHfSk; nra;tjid

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cs;ehl;L

kw;Wk; ntspehl;L tsthsh;fspd;

mq;fj;Jtj;jpid cs;slf;fpajhd

,yq;ifapd; epiykhWfhy ePjp

njhlh;ghd rl;lfj;jpDs; fz;fhzpf;Fk;

nghwpKiwapid fl;bnaOg;Gjy;.

2. rKjha kl;lj;jpyhd jiyaPLfs;

m. nghJthf ghypay; td;Kiw njhlh;gpYk;

Fwpg;ghf NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila

ghypay; td;Kiw njhlh;gpYk;

tof;Ffis mwpf;ifapLtJ njhlh;gpy;

gpujhd Kiwahd Clfq;fs; kPJ

Nfhl;ghl;L newpKiwfs; kw;Wk;

nghWg;Gilik vd;gtw;wpid gpzpf;Fk;

tifapy; tpupthd topfhl;Ljy;fs; kw;Wk;

newpKiwfspid mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;.

,t; topfhl;Ljy;fshdit NkhjYld;

njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapid

rhjhuzkhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; gugug;ghf;Fjy;

Nghd;wtw;iwj; jtpu;j;J ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph;tho;gth;fspd; tho;it NkYk;

ghjpg;gilar; nra;af; $bajhd

Kf;fpakhd ,lq;fs;> fth;r;rpfukhd

nrhw;nwhlh;fs;> Gifg;glq;fs; kw;Wk;

mth;fspd; rk;kjj;Jld; my;yJ

rk;kjkpd;wp tpupthd jdpg;gl;l jfty;fs;

vd;gtw;wpid gpuRupg;gjidAk; jtph;j;J

cjtp kw;Wk;; epthuzj;jpidg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;F rhj;jpakhd topfs;

njhlh;ghd jfty;fis toq;fp



tho;gth;fspd; mty epiy kw;Wk; cupik

vd;gd njhlh;gpy; Clf mwpf;iffs;

nghJkf;fspid fy;tpawpt+l;LtjidAk;

czh;jpwd; epiyapid

tsh;j;njLg;gjidAk; toq;Ftjw;fhd

re;jh;g;gj;jpid gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd

vd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

M. ngz;fisf; fsq;fg;gLj;Jfpd;wjhd

fLikahd ghypay; td;Kiwf;F

,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wjhd ehshe;j ghypay;>

ghy;epiy ikag;gLj;jpa ghugl;rk;

kw;Wk; Jd;GWj;jy; vd;gd njhlh;gpy;

mjpfsthdth;fs; r%f tiyj;jsq;fspy;

ciuahLtjpid Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy;.


td;Kiw apdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph;tho;gth;fs; my;yJ NtW VNjDk;

tbtq;fspyhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fis fsq;fg;gLj;Jjy;>

mtkhdg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Md;iydpy;

Nfypf;Fs;shf;Fjy; vd;gtw;wpidj;

jLg;gjw;F Njitahd Neh;kiwahd

eltbf;iffspid vLj;jy;.

,. F w ; w k p i o j ; j t h ; f s p i d

fz;ldj;jpw;Fs;shf;Ftjw;F gjpyhf


td;KiwapDila jd;ik> jdpegh;fs;

kw;Wk; FLk;g mikg;Gf;fspd; kPjhd

mjDila jhf;fk; kw;Wk; mth;fSf;F

MjuT toq;Ftjw;fhd rKjhaj;jpd;

nghWg;Gilik vd;gd njhlh;gpy;

ngUksthdth;fis fy;tpa+l;Lk;

tifapy; tpopg;Gzh;T gpur;rhuq;fs;>

fhw;W topapyhd Mtzg;glq;fs; kw;Wk;

Clfq;fs; %ykhf mwpf;iffspid

xspgug;Gjy; my;yJ ntspapLjy; Nghd;w

Kaw;rpfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLtjw;F MjuT

toq;Fjy;.

16



c. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;

td;Kiw ,Dila gaq;fukhd jd;ik

kw;Wk; mth;fis r%fj;jpDs; kPsTk;

cs;sPh;f;Fk; tifapy; NkhjYld;


ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fspidAk;

mth;fspd; md;Gf;Fhpath;fspidAk;

cs;slf;fpajhd #oypid cUthf;f

Ntz;bajd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; njhlh;gpYk;

rpWth;fs;> ,isQHfs; kw;Wk;

ghlrhiyfs;> gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;>

njhopw;gapw;rp epiyaq;fs;> gzpaplq;fs;

Nghd;wtw;wpy; cs;s taJ te;Njhupid

cz h ; j p w D f ; F s ; s h f ; F t J l d ;

fy;tpa+l;lTk; Njitahd midj;J

eltbf;iffspidAk; vLj;jy;

C. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;KiwAld; njhlh;Gila

tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy; nghJ kf;fspid

fy;tpa+l;Ltjid Nehf;fkhff

nfhz;L nghUj;jkhd mikr;Rf;fs;>

mur epWtdq;fs;> khfhz kl;l

epWtdq;fs;> cs;Sh; mjpfhu rigfs;>

khtl;lr; nrayhsh;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhk

Nritahsh;fs; vd;Nghh; %ykhf fy;tp

kw;Wk; tpopg;Gzh;t+l;Lk; gpur;rhuq;fspid

Kd;ndLj;jy;. ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSld;

gy;NtW NjitfSf;fhf njhlh;G

nfhs;Sfpd;w ,t; mYtyh;fspid

gapw;Wtpf;fTk;; mth;fspd; Mw;wypid

Nkk;gLj;jTk; KjyPLfis

Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;.

v. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;

td;Kiw njhlh;ghd tof;Ffspid

gjptpl;L rl;l eptHj;jpapidg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd toptiffs;

njhlh;gpYk; jdpg;gl;lth;fs;

ghugl;rj;jpw;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l tof;Ffs;

njhlh;gpYk; tpNrlkhf NkhjYld;


ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fs;

kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs; vd;Nghhpd; rl;l

fy;tpawptpid mjpfupg;gjw;fhd

Kaw;rpfSf;F MjuT toq;Fjy;.

V. ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk;

ghypdq;fSf;fpilapyhd ghugl;rkpd;ik

vd;gd njhlh;gpy; rka jiyth;fspd;

gq;fspg;Gld; kjey;ypzf;f

fye;Jiuahly;fspid Kd;ndLg;gJld;

elg;gjid Cf;fg;gLj;JjYk; Ntz;Lk;.



tho;gth;fspid cs;slf;fpajhf

mth;fSf;F ghJfhg;gspf;Fk;

#oypid toq;Fk; tifapy; rka E}

y;fspid nghUs;Nfhly; nra;Ak;

NghJ cupikfspid ikag;gLj;jpa

mZFKiwapid Kd;ndLj;J

rpe;jidfisj; J}z;lTk; ghugl;r

eltbKiwfspidAk; ghugl;r

eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; kjpg;G

mikg;Gf;fspid rthYf;Fl;gLj;Jk;

tifapy; Neh;kiwahd jhf;fj;jpid

cUthf;Ftjw;F kjj;jiyth;fs;

jq;fspd; fsq;fspidg; gad;gLj;Jtjpid

Cf;Ftpj;jy;.

3 . j d p g ; g l ; l t h ; fS f ; f p i l a p y h d

jiyaPLfs;

m. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

caph;tho;gth;fs; njhlh;gpyhd

mgptpUj;jpf; nfhs;iffspid

mikr;rh;fSk; cs;Sh; murhq;f

mikg;Gf;fSk; mKyhf;FtjidAk;

mth;fSf;F fpilf;fpd;wjhd midj;Jr;

NritfisAk; mth;fs; mZFtjw;fhd

ghJfhg;ghd #oy; fhzg;gLtjidAk;

cWjpg;gLj;jy;.

M. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;


caph;tho;gth;fSf;F mj;jpahtrpa

Nritfspid toq;Fk; mikr;Rf;fs;

gf;fr;rhh;gpd;wp Nritahw;Wtjw;F

mYtyh;fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjidAk;

rpwe;j gapw;rpfspid mbf;fb kPsha;T

nra;tJld; Nkw;ghh;it nra;J

topfhl;Ljy;fspid toq;FtjidAk;

cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

,. ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph; tho;gth;fSf;F

Njitahd Nritfspid toq;Ftjw;fhf

rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs;> Mh;tKila

ntspehl;L murhq;fq;fs; kw;Wk;

Vida mur rhh;gw;w nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;

vd;Nghh; tpNrl cjtp> ed;nfhil

kw;Wk; cjtpfs; Kjyhdtw;wpid

toq;Ftid Cf;Ftpj;jYk; mth;fSld;

gq;FjhuHfshFjYk;.

cstpay;

kw;Wk; MNuhf;fpak; njhlh;ghd Jiwfspy;

nefpo; jd;ikAila Ntiy Neuq;fspy;

gzpahw;Wk; tifapy; nghUj;jkhd

mh;g;gzpg;Gila jdpegh;fspid

gzpf;fkh;j;jy;.

c. cs MNuhf;fpak; njhlh;gpy; Neh;kiwahd

17



fye;Jiuahlypid nra;tjw;fhd

nfhs;iffspid mKy;gLj;Jjy;.

mth;fs; jpwe;j ntspfspy; xg;Gf;

nfhs;s kWf;fpd;wjhd cstpay;

mjph;r;rp kw;Wk; kdeyg; gpur;rpidfs;

vd;gtw;wpid vjph;nfhs;tjw;fhd

cstpay; uPjpahd kw;Wk; czh;ThPjpahd

cjtpfs;> NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd

ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fSf;F

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sikapid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.

C. itj;jparhiyfs; kw;Wk; rpfpr;ir

epiyaq;fspy; rpfpr;irapidg; ngWk;

NghJ ghjpf;fg;gl;L capHtho;gtHfs;

kPsTk; fsq;fg;gLj;jg;glhky; ,Ug;gjid

cWjpg;gLj;JtJk;> Rfhjhu Nritfspid

mZFtjidAk;> me;juq;fk;

Ngzg;gLtjidAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;

Ntz;Lk;. tprhuizahsHfs; kw;Wk;

Vida Nrit toq;FdHfSld; njhlHG

nfhs;fpd;w NghJ ek;gfj;jd;ik

kw;Wk; caHnjhopy; newpKiwfs;

Ngzg;gLtjidAk;> ghy;epiy

czHjpwdpid cUthf;FtJk;>

ve;j tifapyhd ghugl;rj;jpidAk;

jLg;gjidAk;> ePjpKiw itj;jpag;

ghpNrhjiz nra;J mwpf;if

rkHg;gpg;gjw;F nghWg;GilatHfs;

mjid nra;Ak; NghJ ghjpf;fg;gl;L

capH tho;gtHfSf;F epahak;

mspf;fpd;w tifapy; nraw;gLtJld;>

cz;ikay;yhky; NtnwjidAk;

mtHfSf;F njhptpf;fhky; ,Ug;gjidAk;

cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; itj;jpa kw;Wk;

Rfhjhu MszpapdH kw;Wk; caHnjhopy;

gapy;NthH MfpNahhpidg; gpzpf;fpd;w

tphpthd newpTWj;jy; rl;lfk; my;yJ

elj;ijf; Nfhitapid toq;Fjy;.

v. fpuhk Nritahsh;fs;> khtl;lr;

nrayhsh;fs;> cs;Sh; mjpfhu rigapd;

Mszpapdh; kw;Wk; Copah;fs; Nghd;w

nghJ mjpfhupfspid ,yf;fhf

nfhz;lJk; gf;fr;rhh;G> ghugl;rk; kw;Wk;

ghy;epiy tfpgq;Ffs; vd;gtw;wpid

rthYf;F cl;gLj;Jfpd;wjhd jpwd;

tpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspid Muk;gpj;J

mjdpy; KjyPL nra;jy;. nghJkf;fSf;F

Nritahw;Wtjw;fhd flikapid

cila ,t;thwhd egh;fs; NkhjYld;


ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;Nthupid

NkYk; fsq;fg;gLj;jhkYk; mth;fspd;

cupikfspid kPwhkYk; ,Ug;gjid

cWjp nra;fpd;wjhd nghWg;Gf;

$Wjy; kw;Wk; fLikahd Nkw;ghh;it

vd;gtw;Wf;fhd nghwpKiwapid

cUthf;Fjy;.

V. gutyhf NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd


caph; tho;Nthhpid fsq;fj;jpw;Fs;shf;Fk;

gFjpfspy; tpNrlkhf nghJ kf;fspid

fy;tpawpt+l;b tpopg;Gzh;tpid

Vw;gLj;Jjy;. Nghupd; NghJ ghypay;

t d ; K i w f ; F s ; s h d t h ; f s p i d

fsq;fg;gLj;jp ghy;epiy

g f ; f r ; r h h ; g p w ; F s ; s h f ; F t j p id

rthYf;Fl;gLj;Jjy;.

18




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