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European New Imperialism(1870 – 1914):
Causes, the Middle East, & Africa
AP European History
Androstic
2012-2013
2. How did the “new imperialism” differ from the colonialism of earlier times?
How was European rule generally imposed?
Study Guide – Section 77, #2, Palmer pg. 631
3. Discuss the motives that lay behind European expansion in
the late 19th century.
Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634
Four Causes of Imperialism
1. Industrial Revolution - Need for markets & resources
2. Christianity - missionaries
3. Nationalism - “a place in the sun”
4. “White Man’s Burden”Different than Old Imperialism?
–Old – Mostly maritime empires
–New – Land empires
Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634
Industrialization (1750-1900)• Increased population
in Europe• Great technological
advances - military, transportation, and communications
• Continued economic expansion requires more resources and markets
Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634
Humanitarianism• Christian missionaries saw Africa and Asia
as fertile ground for converts
• Cultural superiority - Europeans must “save” the rest of the world
• Must stop the Arab slave trade in Africa (still in practice in North/East Africa)
Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634
Nationalism (1800-1914)• French Revolution and
Napoleon spread nationalism throughout Europe
• Pride in one’s country was based upon industrial production, military strength, and size of empire
Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634
What was the bigger motivation for imperialist expansion: economic
motivation or nationalism? Read “The Age of Empire” (Eric J.
Hobsbawn) and “Imperialism as a Nationalistic Phenomenon” (Carlton
J. H. Hayes), and form your own opinion, which we will discuss in class.
4. How would you evaluate the attitude expressed by Rudyard
Kipling?
Study Guide – Section 77, #4, Palmer pg. 638
1. How did the Ottoman Empire differ from the
European states in its political organization and nature?
Study Guide – Section 79, #1, Palmer pg. 643-644
3. Why were the British concerned about the Russo-
Turkish War of 1877?
Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647
Berlin Conference of 1878Bismarck organized & ran the conferenceTook territory from the Ottoman Empire to placate Russia & avoid a general war
•Austria-Hungary gets Bosnia
•Russia gets Crimea
•Bulgaria & Romania Free
Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647
4. What problems persisted in the Ottoman Empire after
1878?
Study Guide – Section 79, #4, Palmer pg. 647-648
1. Explain the process by which Africa was partitioned after
1870.
Study Guide – Section 80, #1, Palmer pg. 651-654
Berlin Conference of 1884-85
Set up rules on how to colonize the continentAbolished the slave tradeCongo Free State the personal property of King Leopold of Belgium
Study Guide – Section 80, #1, Palmer pg. 651-654
2. Which areas were respectively occupied and controlled by Germany,
France, and Britain respectively? Other European
powers?
Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658
•Scramble for Africa• Between 1875 and 1900
European control of Africa went from 10% to 90%
• Only two nations, Liberia (home to many freed American slaves) and Ethiopia remained independent
Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658
Africa was almost
completely colonized by the start of
World War I.
Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658
3. How did the partition of Africa affect relations among
the European powers?
Study Guide – Section 80, #3, Palmer pg. 654-659
Friction Between the Colonial Powers
Where the claims of the European powers collided, conflict arose Fashoda CrisisBoer Wars
•Germany supported the Boers against the British•Britain wins, and anger with Germany remains
Study Guide – Section 80, #3, Palmer pg. 654-659