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შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი
განათლების და მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტი
პედაგოგიკურ მეცნიერებათა დეპარტამენტი
ხათუნა ხალვაში
წერა ზოგადი განათლების საბაზო და საშუალო საფეხურზე
სპეციალობა – განათლების დიდაქტიკა
დისერტაცია
განათლების დოქტორის აკადემიური ხარისხის მოსაპოვებლად
სამეცნიერო ხელმძღვანელი ციალა მეგრელაძე
პედაგოგიკის მეცნიერებათა დოქტორი
ბათუმი-2011
S i n a a r s i
2
Sesavali
Tavi I _ werisadmi moTxovnebi zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo da
saSualo safexurze
$ 1. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi werisadmი–––––––––––21
$ 2. weris swavleba/swavlis arsebuli viTareba. -------------------------- 42
Tavi II _ saswavlo procesis marTva weris zogadi kompetenciebis
miRwevisaTvis.
$ 1. weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra ------------------------------- 52
$ 2. weris swavleba/swavlis gakveTilebi --------------------------------------- 66
$ 3. weris strategiebis SerCeva ------------------------------------------------------ 88
$ 4. weris swavlebis koordinacia sagnobrivi kaTedris meSveobiT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------122
Tavi III _ weris Sefaseba _ daxmareba moswavlis warmatebuli
Sedegis misaRwevad
$ 1. Sefasebis axali sistemis gamoyeneba weris Sefasebisas---------132
$ 2. weris Sefasebis da TviTSefasebis sqemebi, meTodebi, formebi.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------131
Tavi IV _ didaqtikur gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli sacdeli
muSaobis Sedegebi.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------151
daskvnebi---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------169
gamoyenebuli literatura---------------------------------------------------------------------171
Sesavali
3
Temis aqtualoba: weris kultura pirovnebis inteleqtualuri da
SemoqmedebiTi warmatebis ganmsazRvrelia. zepiri da weriTi metyvelebis
Camoyalibeba iyo da aris saskolo cxovrebis aqilevsis qusli. bolo
periodSi dasaqmebis sxvadasxva sferoSi sakonkurso pirobebis erT-erTi
moTxovna mSobliur enaze zepiri da werilobiTi komunikaciebis
kompetenciis flobaa. amgvari tendencia aRiniSneba evropis dasaqmebis
sferoSic. dargobrivi kompetenciebis gamoyenebis saerTaSoriso kvlevis
SedegebiT (Tuningi, 2005) kompetenciaTa CamonaTvalSi upiratesoba mieniWa
kompetencias ,,mSobliur enaze werilobiTi formiT komunikacia”.
weris daufleba skolidan iRebs saTaves, aq SeZenili codna da
unari mTeli cxovrebis manZilze mihyveba adamians.
saSualo skolis erovnuli saswavlo gegma yvela saswavlo saganSi
iTvaliswinebs weriT davalebebs, xSirad weriTi samuSaosadmi
moTxovnebi erTnairia, rogorc saswavlo sagnis jgufSi Semaval
sagnebSi, aseve sxvadasxva jgufis sagnebSic. magaliTad, saqarTvelos
istoria, geografia da sxva sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis jgufis
saswavlo gegma moicavs iseT davalebebs, rogoricaa movlenis aRwera,
mopovebuli informaciis safuZvelze moxsenebis dawera, proeqtis
Sedgena, sakuTari mosazrebis dasabuTebisaTvis statiis, Temis, mimarTvis,
gancxadebis dawera, problemis gadaWris gegmis Sedgena, recenzireba.
msgavsi weriTi davalebis moTxovna gvxvdeba saganTa jgufebSi:
,,sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi”, ,,esTetikuri aRzrda”, ,,informaciuli
da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi”.
aRsaniSnavia, rom saswavlo sagnebis jgufebad gaerTianebis ,,mTavari
mizania mravalferovani sagnobrivi programis sistematizacia.
sagnobrivi jgufebi moicavs msgavsi miznebisa da Seswavlis sferoebis
mqone sagnebs” (erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2007: 19).
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis meTodikis erT-erT ZiriTad orientirs
warmoadgens sagnebis integrirebuli swavleba.
skolaSi miRebuli gamocdileba, codna da unar-Cvevebi adamians unda
aZlevdes SesaZleblobas samyaro mTlianobaSi aRiqvas. Sesabamisad,
saswavlo sagnebi saSualo skolaSi iTvaliswinebs erTmaneTTan mWidro
kavSirs (erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2007: 16).
4
amasTan, miTiTebulia, rom movlenebis sxvadasxva kuTxidan Sefaseba
xels uwyobs moswavleebSi kritikuli azrovnebis Camoyalibebas.
Tanamedrove skolaSi mkvidrdeba integrirebuli gakveTilebi. igi
mxardaWeras poulobs rogorc moswavleTa, ise maswavlebelTa mxridan,
rasac adasturebs integrirebuli gakveTilebis konkursebSi monawileTa
simravle ukanasknel wlebSi da internetSi ganTavsebuli gakveTilebis
aRwera.
swavlebis procesis srulyofisaTvis axal perspeqtivebs saxavs
saswavlo saqmianobebis ganmsazRvrelierT-erTi principi,_
,,mniSvnelovania ara marto ra iswavla moswavlem, aramed, rogor iswavla
da rogor SeuZlia am codnis gamoyeneba”(erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2007:
178).
zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis Sesabamisad, Sedegze
orientirebuli saswavlo procesi gulisxmobs moswavlis mier im
unarebis dauflebas, romlebic gamoadgeba sxvadasxva saganSi.axali
midgomebi qmnis saWiroebas, rom saswavlo sagnebis jgufebsa da
integrirebul swavlebaSi weris saerTo moTxovnebis Sesasruleblad
moswavle erT saganSi daeuflos weris im kompetencias, romelsac is
gamoiyenebs da ganaviTarebs sxva saganSi.
weris swavleba/swavla yvela saswavlo saganSi mimdinareobs, magram
ZiriTadi da mTavari qarTuli ena da literaturaa; amitom werasTan
dakavSirebul erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebs upirvelesad
qarTuli enisa da literaturis magaliTze ganvixilavT.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis procesSi SeZenili unari,
sasurvelia, gadaiqces axal unar-CvevaTa ganviTarebis wyarod danarCeni
sagnebisaTvis, miRweuli kompetenciis done vlindebodes pirovnul
aqtivobaSi, interaqtiul mimarTulebaSi, sakomunikacio iniciativaSi,
damoukidebel kritikul analizsa da warmatebis, ukeTesi Sedegebis
miRwevaSi.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis erT-erT prioritetul
mizansa da amocanas warmoadgens: weriTi kulturis gamomuSaveba;
sxvadasxva daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstis Seqmna; azrebisa da
damokidebulebebis gamoxatvis, enobriv-stilisturi saSualebebis,
5
marTlwerisa da punqtuaciis savaldebulo normebis daufleba;
sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad Sesatyvisi stilis, sakvanZo
sityvebis SerCeva; naweris gasworeba-redaqtireba.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmaSi wera calke
mimarTulebadaa gamoyofili da gansazRvrulia swavlebis yvela
safexurisaTvis Sesaferisi weris misaRwevi standartebi. magaliTad,
dawyebiTi safexuri iTvaliswinebs, moswavle: nabeWdi teqstidan an
dafidan gadawers martiv winadadebebs, Txzavs martivi saxis
sakomunikacio da miznobriv teqstebs; iyenebs teqstis Casworebis martiv
xerxebs; gansazRvravs weriTi davalebis amocanas da irCevs funqciur
stils; sabazo safexuris moswavle: Txzavs sxvadasxva xasiaTis, miznisa
da daniSnulebis werilobiT teqstebs; werilobiT gadmoscems sakuTar
Tvalsazriss sadavo an problemur sakiTxebze; gansxvavebuli tipis
teqstebis Sesaqmnelad marTebulad iyenebs enobriv-gramatikul
struqturebsa da xerxebs; ajamebs gansxvavebul Sexedulebebs mocemul
sakiTxze; irCevs werilobiTi teqstis formasa da stils miznisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT; saSualo safexuris moswavle: wers
saswavlo referats erTi an ramdenime wyaros mixedviT; adgens teqstis
konspeqts Sesabamisi wesebis dacviT; wers recenzias wakiTxul wignze an
mxatvrul nawarmoebze; wers gamokvlevas (mcire moculobis samecniero
naSroms) winaswar SerCeul Temaze.
es mcire amonaweric saswavlo gegmidan cxadyofs weris
standartebis mravalferovnebas, klasebis mixedviT izrdeba moTxovnebi.
udavoa, romqarTuli enisa da literaturis standartebis miRweuli
done sagnis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT sasargebloa sxva sagnisaTvis.
magaliTad, XII klasi _ Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: sxvadasxva
saxis teqstisaTvis (referati, gamokvleva) qmnis gegmas; agebs miznobriv
sqemas (ra aris Cemi mizani? ra masalas gamoviyeneb miznis misaRwevad?
rogori iqneba Cemi naweris formati? ra saxis problemebi SeiZleba
Semeqmnas da rogor SemeZleba maTi daZleva?); wers naSromis Sav
variantsda Semdeg gadaamuSavebs nawers, asworebs orTografiuli,
punqtuaciuri da qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebis mixedviT.
aRniSnuli standartis miRweviT qarTul enasa da literaturaSi
6
moswavle iolad gaarTmevs Tavs iseTi tipis davalebebs istoriasa da
geografiaSi, rogoricaa: a)SeadareT erTmaneTs ori wyaro, romelic
gvawvdis gansxvavebul informacias erTsa da imave movlenasa Tu
pirovnebaze da werilobiT imsjeleT im faqtorebze, romlebmac
ganapirobes amgvari interpretaciebis arseboba. b)gaaanalizeT Tqven mier
Catarebuli kvlevis (kiTxvari, interviu) Sedegebi da werilobiT
CamoayalibeT daskvnebi, mag.: rogoria mosaxleobis azri garemos
dabinZurebis Sesaxeb; g)dawereT istoriuli Tema, gamoTqviT varaudi (mag.
riT aixsneba meore msoflio omis dros msxverplis aseTi didi
raodenoba mSvidobian mosaxleobaSi, rogor SeiZleboda msxverplis
acileba), Tqveni varaudi gaamyareT argumentaciiT, statistikiT.
bolo periodSi gansakuTrebiT warmoCinda saswavlo miznis
konkretulad dasaxvisa da misi miRwevis donis
SefasebisaTviskompetenciaTa gansazRvris problema.sirTuled miiCneva
mimarTuleba ,,weris” swavleba/swavlis xarisxiani SedegebisaTvis
gansaxorcielebeli saqmianobis Sesaferisi strategiebis, Sefasebis
formebis, meTodebis, sqemebis, aqtivobebis SerCeva. ar aris gansazRvruli
weris strategiebi integrirebuli swavlebis, saganTa Soris kavSirisa da
sxva saganSi gamoyenebisaTvis.
cxadi xdeba saWiroeba da sirTule im saqmianobisa, romelic
maswavlebelma da moswavlem unda ganaxorcielos weris standartis
misaRwevad.
zogadi ganaTlebis samive safexurze calkeul saganTa swavlebis
xarisxis amaRlebisaTvis kompetenciebis gansazRvris kvlevebs mieZRvna
saintereso naSromebi (potaSkini, 2002; qsezinova, 2001 da sxv.).
,,kompetenciis cnebam bevrad ufro mniSvnelovani adgili unda
daikavos ganaTlebis maRali xarisxis miRwevis problemaSi, vidre dRes
ukavia. am terminTa sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo jer kidev ver moikida fexi
pedagogTa da ganaTlebis marTvis organoTa warmomadgenlebis
cnobierebaSi” (z. cucqiriZe, n. orjonikiZe, 2002: 107).
sayuradReboa isic, rom kompetenciebis gansazRvra sul ufro met
yuradRebas ipyrobs, rac vlindeba samecniero konferenciebis TematikaSi,
saganmanaTleblo programebis kompetenciebis CarCoebsa da calkeul
7
gamokvlevebSi.
sagulisxmoa, rom axali saswavlo gegmis miRebamdec weris
kulturis daxvewa umniSnelovanes problemad rCeboda da mtkiced
dadgenili weriTi samuSaoebis sistema skolaSi xorcieldeboda
saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saministros specialuri instruqciisa da
miTiTebebis safuZvelze, riTac gansazRvruli iyo weriTi muSaobis
normebi, saxeebi da Sefasebis wesebi calkeuli klasebisaTvis.maTi dacva
savaldebulo iyo TiToeuli maswavleblisaTvis.weriT namuSevrebSi
daSvebul SecdomaTa raodenobis dadgenas, maT klasificirebas
tipobrivi kategoriebis (morfologiuri, sintaqsuri, stilisturi
orTografiuli, fonetikuri, punqtuaciuri da sxv.)mixedviT,gasworebas da
klasSi analizs weriTi muSaobis mTel sistemaSi mniSvnelovani adgili
eWira.
praqtikosi maswavleblebi bevrs muSaobdnen werasTan dakavSirebuli
problemebis aRmosafxvrelad, aqveynebdnen TavianTi gamocdilebis
amsaxvel masalebs. am mxriv sagulisxmoa nana mezurniSvilis mosazreba,
rom `tradiciuli swavlebis pirobebSi weris Cvevebis formirebis
xangrZlivi procesi aferxebs moswavleebSi weriTi metyvelebis
gamovlenisaTvis aucilebeli fsiqologiuri unarebis droulad
gamovlenasa da moqmedebas, ris gamoc weriTi metyvelebis
SesaZleblobebi mogvianebiT viTardeba. es sakiTxi dRemde ar yofila
specialuri kvlevis sagani” (n. mezurniSvili, J. `dawyebiTi skola da
skolamdeli aRzrda” #2, 1991: 52).
profesoriroza gabeCavamiiCnevs, rom,,saqmes aZnelebs moswavleTa
weriTi namuSevrebis analizisadmi sxvadasxvagvari midgoma. es
gvafiqrebinebs, rom jer kidev ara gvaqvs moswavleTa weriTi metyvelebis
donis Sefasebis mecnierulad dasabuTebuli kriteriumebi” (r. gabeCava,
1983: 35).
profesori akaki zoiZis ,,Txzulebis swavlebis meTodikaSi”
warmodgenili saxeebi, formebi, Tematika swavlebis sistema
TxzulebisasaSualebas gvaZlevs, swavlebisas gaviTvaliswinoT
tradiciuli meTodika inovaciasTan SeTanxmebiT, Tanamedrove pedagogiur
praqtikas SevufardoT is principebi, romelTac Cveni maswavleblebi
8
wlebis ganmavlobaSi iyenebdnen. vfiqrobT, swored aseTi midgomiT,
mravalferovani interaqtiuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT miiRweva is
standartebi, romelTac erovnuli saswavlo gegma gvTavazobs.yuradRebas
ipyrobs naSromSi warmodgenili individualuri da jgufuri muSaobis
formebi, racazrTa gacvla-gamocvlis, diskusiis, Secdomebis gasworebis,
Txzulebis Sinaarsis srulyofis, gegmis Sedgenis saukeTeso saSualebas
iZleva. ,,dauSvebelia mTeli klasi erTi meTodiT werdes Txzulebas, Tu
moswavleebs erT saerTo standartul gegmas mivawodebT, es xels
SeuSlis moswavlis Semoqmedebas, misi individualobis gamomJRavnebas.
bavSvebs unda SeeZloT individualurad Seadginon da mis Sesabamisad
gaSalon gegma.” (a. zoiZe, ,,Txzulebis swavlebis meTodika”, baTumi, 2005:
29).
profesori mariam TaboriZe miiCnevs, rom Txzulebis zepirad
gadmocema Txzulebis swavlebis aqtiuri xerxia, romelic moswavleTa
damoukidebeli azrovnebisa da zepiri Tu weriTi metyvelebis
ganviTarebis saukeTeso saSualebaa (m. TaboriZe, `saskolo weriTi
Txzuleba da misi swavlebis sakiTxebi ufros klasebSi, Tb. 1967: 87-88).
weris swavlebasTan dakavSirebul fsiqologiur sakiTxebs
ganixilavs arCil beriZe 1986 wels gamocemulnaSromSi `wera-kiTxvis
swavlebis procesSi kiTxvisa da weris urTierTobis problemebi”.
gasaziarebelia nino ustiaSvilis mosazreba, romelsac weris
saintereso formebTan erTad gvTavazobs gaz. `ganaTlebaSi” (#3-4 2001)
gamoqveynebul werilSi `moswavleTa weriT Txzulebaze muSaobis
sakiTxebi”: ,,dRes ramdenadme Seicvala specialistebis midgoma am
sakiTxebisadmi da Tanamedrove klasifikaciaSi tradiciul sakiTxTan
erTad damkvidrda literaturul JanrTan dakavSirebuli saxeebic:
statia, novela, narkvevebi, mcire moculobis literaturuli Janri”.
Jurnal ,,wignierSi” gamoqveynebuli statiebi: TamTa beriSvilis
`mimoweris dRiurebi” (2003, #2), irine kikvaZis ,,moswavleTa
Sefaseba”(2004, #7), raimonda iarenes ,,rogor davexmaroT moswavleebs
weriTi samuSaoebis gaanalizebaSi”(2003, #1)safuZvlad daedo werasTan
dakavSirebul Zalian saintereso aqtivobebs da mniSvnelovani gzamkvlevi
gaxda praqtikosi maswavleblisaTvis moswavleTa weriTi namuSevrebis
9
Sefasebisas.
eses werasTan dakavSirebul Zalian saintereso rekomendaciebs
gvTavazobs nikoloz CubiniZe statiaSi `rogor vweroT ese” (Jurnali
,,maswavlebeli” #1, 2010).
`sizuste da mizanmimarTuleba yoveli tipis TxzulebaSi es aris
drois racionalurad gamoyeneba, energiis ekonomia, esaa sistema,
romelsac daeufleba da gamoiyenebs is maswavlebeli, romelic naTlad
gaiazrebs yoveli tipis Txzulebis specifikas.” (m. a. ribnikova, ,,rCeuli
Txzulebebi”, moskovi, 1998: 403).
meTodikur literaturasa da profesiul Jurnal-gazeTebSi
ganixileboda werasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, magram naSromebSi ar
Cans integrirebuli swavlebis sakiTxebi, weris zogadi kompetenciebis
miRwevis strategiebi.
1990-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi daiwyo
ganxorcieleba sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso programebisa, sadacaqtiurad
ganixileboda sakiTxebi: ra aris weris codna, rogor swavloben
adamianebi weras, rogor aRweven SemoqmedebiT warmatebebs, rogor
fasdeba dasaxul saswavlo miznebsa da aTvisebul codnas Soris
Tanxvedris done.aRsaniSnavia, rom swavleba/swavlis axali midgomebis
Sesaxeb asociacia ,,skola-ojaxi-sazogadoeba” sasargeblo saqmianobas
eweva. aT welze metia maT mier ganxorcielebuli programebiT asobiT
maswavlebeli daeufla kiTxvisa da weris swavleba/swavlis inovaciur
meTodebsa da xerxebs. asociaciis mier (xelmZRvaneli paata papava)
gamocemuli meToduri rekomendaciebi ,,kiTxvisa da weris meTodebi”
friad saWiro gzamkvlevi aRmoCnda maswavleblisTvis. gansakuTrebulia
taras SavSiSvilis mier momzadebuli da Catarebuli treningebis
mniSvneloba. friad saintereso masalebi ibeWdeba Jurnal
,,maswavlebelSi” (mT. redaqtori nato ingoroyva), yuradRebas ipyrobs
Jurnal ,,wignierSi” (mT. redaqtori zviad miminoSvili) gamoqveynebuli
statiebi, saintereso gamocdilebaa ganTavsebuli internetSi veb
gverdebze:,,maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
centri”(http://www.tpdc.ge/), ,,iswavle da aswavle
sxvas”(http://www.education.ge/),, ,,xelsayreli saswavlo garemo moswavlisa
10
da maswavleblisaTvis”(http://www.lemill.ge/),,,ganaTlebis xarisxis
ganviTarebis erovnuli centri” (http://www.nea.ge/), ,,irmis naxtomi”
(http://www.dlf.ge),da sxv.. maswavlebelTa inovaciuri saqmianobis
ganzogadebas gvTavazobs gazeTi ,,axali ganaTleba”, Seiqmna saleqcio
kursi ,,zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvis, weris, gagebis strategiebi” (rsu 2008),
iqmneba axali proeqtebi weris kulturis srulyofisaTvis. gamoyeneba
hpova klasebis mixedviT saxelmZRvaneloebis Sesabamisma ,,maswavlebelTa
wignma”.
sakvlevi TemiT dainteresebas win uZRoda 2000 wlidan
swavleba/swavlis axali midgomebis danergvasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva
miznobrivi treningebis gavla, pedagogiur konferenciebSi monawileoba,
saskolo grantis mopoveba, mowinave pedagogiuri gamocdilebis gacnoba,
saerTaSoriso programebSi (debatebSi) CarTva, internetresursebis
moZieba, daxarisxeba da danergva, ganaxlebuli meToduri
rekomendaciebiT muSaoba, moswavleebTan TanamSromlobiT ukeTesi gzebis
Zieba.
problemebs vawydebodi saSualo skolaSi praqtikul saqmianobaSi,
maswavlebelTa sasertifikacio gamocdebisaTvis mzadebis periodSi kidev
ufro mwvaved warmoCinda werasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi.
sertificirebul maswavleblebTan (nato uruSaZe, mayvala fedotova,
daviT CxaiZe, ana loria, naTia TavdgiriZe, irma vadaWkoria, lali
gogiCaiSvili, nana kakiaSvili, dali oqropiriZe) gasaubrebisas gairkva,
rom isinic xedaven werasTan dakavSirebul Seferxebas da misi mogvarebis
aucileblobas.
kvlevis mizani:
zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo da saSualo safexurze saswavlo gegmis
Sesabamisad integrirebuli swavlebisa da saganTSorisi kavSiris
ganxorcielebis xarisxis amaRleba, weris zogadi kompetenciebis
gansazRvra da misi miRwevis strategiebis, koordinirebis, Sefasebis
formebisa da meTodebis SerCeva.
kvlevis amocanebi:
1. erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi werisadmi moTxovnebis analizi da
11
weris swavlebis arsebuli viTarebis aRwera.
2. weris zogadi kompetenciebis Camoyalibeba da maTi dauflebisaTvis
saswavlo procesis organizacia, strategiebis SerCeva da gamoyeneba.
3. moswavleTa warmatebuli Sedegis miRwevisaTvis weris Sefasebisa
da TviTSefasebis formebisa da meTodebis gansazRvra;
4. didaqtikur gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli sacdeli muSaobis
Sedegebis mixedviT modelebis Seqmna.
kvlevis meTodebi:
wyaroebis analizi, interviu, SedarebiTi analizi, sacdeli muSaoba,
modelireba, dakvirveba, gamocdilebis Seswavla, kvlevis angariSi,
monacemTa analizi, internetresursebis moZieba, daxarisxeba da
gamoyeneba, statistikuri cxrilebi.
kvlevis meTodologia iTvaliswinebs kvlevis miznis Sesabamisad
sagnisa da problemis mixedviT sakvlevi faqtorebis Camoyalibebas da
Sesabamisi indikatorebis gansazRvras. kvleviTi strategiis ZiriTadi
komponentebia raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi kvleva. meTodologia moicavs
kvlevis meTodebis aRweras Semdegi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT: meTodi,
sandooba, validuroba da standartizacia, samizne jgufi da
sakontrolo jgufi, monacemebis damuSaveba, kvlevis etapebis gamoyofa
da mimdinareobis organizacia.
kvlevis Sedegebis sandoobisaTvis sqemebi, intervius kiTxvebi,
statistikuri monacemebi ganxilul iqna respodentebTan;
validurobisaTvis cxrilebis analizis, intervius, dakvirvebis Sedegebi
rekomendaciebis SemuSavebamde gaecno Sesabamis jgufebs,
gaTvaliswinebul iqna maTi kritikuli SeniSvnebi, winadadebebi.
kvlevis materialur-teqnikuri baza _ rsu-s biblioTeka, ganaTlebis
fakultetis, baTumis sajaro biblioTekebi, internetresursebi, baTumis
ganaTlebis resurscentris biblioTeka, videoTeka, baTumis #21 sajaro
skola.
kvlevis hipoTeza: weriszogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra da misi
miRwevis saSualebebis efeqtianad gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs weris kargad
dauflebas, xels Seuwyobs saswavlo saganTa kavSirisa da
integrirebuli swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebas.
12
kvlevis mecnieruli siaxle:
ganisazRvra sabazo da saSualo safexurze erovnuli saswavlo
gegmis Sesabamisad saswavlo saganTa jgufSi Semavali sagnebisa da sxva
jgufis sagnebis msgavsi saswavlo miznebis misaRwevi weris zogadi
kompetenciebi, rac xels Seuwyobs saganTSorisi kavSiris ganxorcielebas
integrirebuli swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebisaTvis. saTanado principebis
gamoyenebiT SeirCa weris kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis weris strategiebi,
Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis formebi, sqemebi; ganisazRvra sagnobrivi
kaTedris saqmianobis formebi weris koordinaciisaTvis.
kvlevis praqtikuli mniSvneloba: kvlevis Sedegebi warmodgenilia
modelebis, sqemebis, nimuSebis, rekomendaciebis saxiT, rac zrdis maTi
praqtikuli gamoyenebis xarisxs.
kvlevis Sedegebis perspeqtiuli gamoyenebis sferos warmoadgens:
zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo da saSualo safexuris qarTuli enisa da
literaturis maswavleblebi. naSromSi warmodgenili masalebi
daexmareba ganaTlebis fakultetis studentebs seminarebis momzadebasa
da pedagogiuri praqtikis warmarTvaSi.
dasacavad gamosatani sakiTxebi:
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli meTodikis ZiriTadi
orientirebi _ sagnebis integrirebuli swavleba, aqcenti mravalmxriv
perspeqtivaze, saswavlo sagnebis jgufebad gaerTianeba _ ganapirobebs
weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvris aucileblobas.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra xels uwyobs erT saganSi
SeZenili codnis, unarebis, SesaZleblobebis gadatanasa da gamoyenebas
sxva saganSi axali codnis miRebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.
weris zogad kompetenciebze daufleba ZiriTadad mimdinareobs
qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmis mimarTuleba ,,weriT”
gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis dasaufleblad swavlebis organizebis
formebia: gakveTili, klasgareSe muSaoba. weris kompetenciebis miRweva
SesaZlebelia gakveTilze, romlis ZiriTadi mizania: a) weris
kompetenciis daufleba; b) weris kompetenciis miRweuli Sedegis
Semowmeba; g) gakveTilis procesSi weriTi aqtivobis CarTva.
13
klasgareSe saqmianobis formebia: sagnobrivi wre, klasis saaTi,
eqskursia, gasvliTi saganmanaTleblo seminarebi.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis strategiebis SerCevis
principebia:
weris strategiebis saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba;
weris strategiebis sxva saganSi gamosadegianobis gaTvaliswineba
swavleba / swavlisas;
moswavlis momzadeba weris strategiebis miznobrivad, efeqturad
gamoyenebisaTvis.
weris strategiebis gamoyeneba ar iwvevdes moswavlis
gadatvirTvas;
saswavlo saganTa jgufSi Semavali da sxva jgufis sagnebSi weris
kompetenciebis miRwevis koordinireba ganxorcieldeba sagnobrivi
kaTedris meSveobiT.
Sefasebisas sandoobis, validurobis, obieqturobis, gamWvirvalobis
dacva, saswavlo miznis Sesabamisi Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis formebis,
meTodebis, cxrilebisa, sqemebis gamoyeneba ganapirobebs moswavlis
swavlis ukeTesi Sedegis miRwevas.
weris gakveTilebis modelebis Seqmna saSualebas iZleva warmoCindes
inovaciuri pedagogiuri saqmianoba, gaziarebul iqnas gamocdileba, xeli
Seewyos ukeTesi variantebis Seqmnas.
disertaciis struqtura: disertacia Sedgeba oTxi Tavis, rva
paragrafis, daskvnebisa da literaturis dasaxelebisagan.
disertaciis mokle Sinaarsi:
pirveli Tavis, _ ,,werisadmi moTxovnebi zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo
da saSualo safexurze”, pirvel paragrafSi ,,werisadmi moTxovnebi
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT”, ganxilulia qarTuli enisa da
literaturis saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi weriTi
metyvelebis gamomuSavebisaTvis.
analizis Sedegad garkveulia, rom saswavlo saganTa jgufebSi
Semaval da sxva jgufis sagnebis saswavlo gegmebSi gaTvaliswinebulia
weriTi samuSaoebi, romelTa Sesasruleblad aucilebelia qarTuli
14
enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli standartebis
floba.
msgavsi miznebi da moTxovnebi werasTan mimarTebaSi warmoqmnis yvela
sagnisaTvis saWiro misaRwevi Sedegebisa da saSualebebis gansazRvris
aucileblobas, rac qmnis weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvris
saWiroebas.
meore paragrafSi, ,,weris swavleba/swavlis arsebuli viTarebis
analizi”, sagnobrivi saswavlo gegmis mixedviT mimdinare saqmianoba da
werisadmi damokidebuleba Seswavlilia uSualod saswavlo procesze
dakvirvebiT; maswavleblebsa da moswavleebTan orsafexuriani intervius
CatarebiT. kvlevis Sedegad dadgenilia, rom weris swavleba/swavlis
mimarTebiT skolebSi mimdinareobs saintereso saqmianoba, maswavleblebs
garkveuli warmatebebi aqvT mopovebuli, amasTan, ar aris weris
swavlebisadmi sistemuri midgoma. moswavleebs gacnobierebuli ara aqvT
erT saganSi miRebuli codnis meore saganSi miznobrivi gamoyenebis
SesaZlebloba. xSirad moswavleebma ician, rogor weron, magram ar ician
risTvis da ra SedegisaTvis.
ganxilulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis saxelmZRvaneloebis
mixedviT gamocemuli ,,maswavleblis wigni”. isini miCneulia mniSvnelovan
meTodur damxmared, magram weriTi samuSaoebi ZiriTadad gansazRvrulia
saSinao davalebad Sesasruleblad. ar aris miTiTebuli weris miRweuli
Sedegebis da sxva saganSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba.
meore Tavis ,,saswavlo procesis marTva weris zogadi kompetenciebis
miRwevisaTvis” pirvel paragrafSi ,,weris kompetenciebis gansazRvra”
gaanalizebulia cneba ,,kompetenciasTan” dakavSirebuli ganmartebebi,
axsnilia saskolo ganaTlebaSi kompetenciebis gansazRvris problemebi;
miTiTebulia, rom saswavlo gegmaSi saswavlo sagnebi dajgufebulia
msgavsi miznebisa da Seswavlis saWiroebebis mqone sagnebis mixedviT,
saganTa jgufebSi gaerTianebuli sagnebis swavleba/swavlis maRali
xarisxis miRwevisaTvis saWiroa rogorc sagnobrivi, aseve zogadi saerTo
miznebis miRwevis donis gansazRvra. im saSualebebisa da strategiebis
floba, romelic xels Seuwyobs swavlis sasurveli Sedegis miRebas.
15
gaanalizebulia kvlevis Sedegebi, romlis mixedviT ganisazRvra
iseTi zogadi kompetenciebi, romelic gamosadegia saswavlo saganTa erT
jgufSi Semavali sagnebis an sxva jgufis sagnebis msgavsi saswavlo
miznebis miRwevis, saganTSorisi kavSiris ganxorcielebisa da
integrirebuli swavlebisaTvis.
mocemulia weris zogadi kompetenciebis CamonaTvali.
meore paragrafSi ,,weris swavleba/swavlis gakveTilebi” ganxilulia
gakveTilis tipebis sxvadasxva klasifikacia, Sexedulebebi.
gaanalizebulia weris kompetenciis miRwevisaTvis variantebi: wera
CarTulia gakveTilis dagegmvaSi; gakveTilis mizania weris kompetenciis
daufleba; gakveTilis mizania weris kompetenciis miRweuli donis
Sefaseba (mimdinare da Semajamebeli wera); wera saSinao davalebis
Sesrulebisas.
mocemulia Sesabamisi gakveTilebis gegma-scenaris normebi.
sasurveladaa miCneuli erTi semestris gegma scenaris ganTavseba
saskolo kompiuterSi.
miTiTebulia weris kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis efeqturi
gakveTilis tipebi: gakveTili-miuzikli, gakveTili Ria qseliT,
gakveTili-preskonferencia, kino-gakveTili, gasvliTi saganmanaTleblo
seminari.
mesame paragrafSi ,,weris strategiebis SerCeva” gansazRvrulia
weris strategiebis SerCevis principebi: saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba;
sxva saganSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba; moswavlis mzadyofna strategiis
efeqtianad gamoyenebisaTvis, ar gamoiwvios moswavleTa gadatvirTva.
warmodgenilia weris strategiebis ganmartebebisa da nimuSebis
CvenebiT.
meoTxe paragrafSi, ,,weris swavlebis koordinacia sagnobrivi
kaTedris meSveobiT”, ganxilulia sagnobrivi kaTedrebis saqmianobis
kvalifikaciis amaRlebis RonisZiebani: treningebi, seminarebi, leqcia
SekveTiT.
SemoTavazebulia gamocdilebis gaziarebis formebi: Ria gakveTili,
Sexvedra-dialogi, maswavleblis profesiuli portreti.
16
mocemulia maswavlebelTa gunduri TanamSromlobisaTvis
sagnobrivi kaTedris samoqmedo gegmaSi CasarTvelad da weris
gakveTilebis moklevadiani gegma-scenaris dagegmvisaTvis Tematika, weris
saxeebi, wyaroebi.
mesame Tavis ,,weris Sefaseba _ daxmareba moswavlis warmatebuli
Sedegis misaRwevad” pirvel paragrafSi ,,Sefasebis axali sistemis
gamoyeneba weris Sefasebisas” ganxilulia ganmaviTarebeli da
ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis formebis gamoyenebis principebis _ sandooba,
validuroba, obieqturoba, gamWvirvaloba, dacvis pirobebi.
miTiTebulia, rom ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas maswavlebeli
exmareba moswavles rCeviT, rekomendaciiT, problemis gadaWris gzis
CvenebiT, Zlieri da susti mxareebis gamovleniT da sxva.
ganmsazRvreli Sefasebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia moswavlis
miRweuli donis saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba.
orive saxis Sefasebis gamoyenebis mizani moswavlisadmi daxmarebaa,
aucilebelia moswavle winaswar icnobdes Sefasebis mizans da
kriteriumebs.
meore paragrafSi, ,,weris Sefasebis da TviTSefasebis sqemebi,
meTodebi, formebi”, mocemulia moswavleTa weriTi namuSevrebis
Sefasebis sqemebi, sxvadasxva formebi.
aRniSnulia, rom SefasebisaTvis aucilebelia komponentebis
gamoyofa da Sesabamisi kriteriumebis SerCeva.
ganxilulia TviTSefasebis sqemebi, erovnul gamocdebze
gamoyenebuli Sefasebis cxrilebi, moswavleTa waxalisebis formad
miCneulia moswavleTa weraSi miRwevebis popularizacia.
meoTxe TavSi, ,,didaqtikur gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli sacdeli
muSaobis Sedegebi“, aRniSnulia, rom moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi
siaxleebiT swavlebis didaqtikuri gamocdilebisaTvis maswavlebelTa
daxelovnebis institutebis saqmianoba
aRniSnulia sacdeli muSaobis ganxorcielebis pirobebi, romlis
drosac gamoyenebul iqna modelebi. moewyo modelebis gamoyenebis Cveneba
Ria mecadineobebze, Sexvedra-dialogebze. SeniSvnebis, miTiTebebis,
17
rCevebis, winadadebebis gaTvaliswinebiT damuSavda gaumjobesebuli
varianti.
sacdeli muSaobis Sedegebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia weris
kompetenciebis gaanalizebis saWiroeba saganTSorisi kavSirisa da
integrirebuli swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebisaTvis.
warmodgenilia gamocdilebiT Semowmebuli modelebi, sagakveTilo
procesSi, sawreo muSaobisa da klasis saaTze gamosayeneblad.
aRwerilia sacdeli muSaobis Sefasebis kvleva dadebiTi SedegebiT.
sacdeli muSaobis mizani iyo qarTuli enisa da literaturis
gakveTilebze weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRweva da misi gamoyeneba
integrirebuli swavleba/swavlis procesSi.
amocanebi: qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze weris
zogadi kompetenciebis miRwevis gamocdilebis aRwera;
weris zogadi kompetenciebis integrirebuli swavleba/swavlis
procesSi gamoyenebis gamocdilebis efeqturobis gansazRvra.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis ganviTareba skolisgareSe saqmianobaSi
sacdeli muSaobis Sedegebis mixedviT sacdeli muSaobis periodSi
gamarTlda winaswari varaudi.
weris kompetenciebis daufleba SesaZlebeli gaxda saswavlo gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebuli saaTebis farglebSi, programuli masalis
Seswavlisas, raime damatebiTi datvirTva saWiro ar gamxdara.
weris kompetenciebis dauflebisa da gamoyenebisaTvis gamosadegia
saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad SerCeuli weris strategiebi, aqtivobebi,
Sefasebis formebi.
weris kompetenciebis gamoyeneba amaRlebs integrirebuli swavlebis
efeqturobas, rac gamoixata SemdegSi:
moswavleebma SeZenili codna gamoiyenes axali codnis misaRebad;
amaRlda moswavleTa aqtiurobis done saswavlo procesSi; xeli Seewyo
motivaciis, interesis gazrdas, SesaZleblobebis srulad gamovlenas;
miviReT swavlis ukeTesi Sedegi; Semcirda davalebebis SesrulebisaTvis
daxarjuli dro, rogorc saswavlo procesSi, aseve Sin damoukidebeli
muSaobisas.
18
winaswari varaudisagan gansxvavebiT miviReT axali Sedegi:
weris kompetenciebi sasargeblo aRmoCnda sxva sagnebisTvis, maT mier
dasaxuli saswavlo miznis misaRwevad.
sacdel muSaobaSi gakveTilis modelebis gamoyenebam xeli Seuwyo
saswavlo procesis organizaciis xarisxis amaRlebas, mkafio da naTeli
gaxada Catarebuli saqmianobis msvleloba, gzamkvlevi aRmoCnda
gamocdilebis gasaziareblad.
mocemulia gamocdilebiT Semowmebuli modelebi: sagakveTilo
procesSi, sawreo muSaobis, klasis saaTebze gamosayeneblad.
aRwerilia sacdeli muSaobis Sefasebis kvleva, romlis Sedegebis
mixedviT aqamde mimdinare da sacdel muSaobaSi gansxvaveba gamoixata:
mkafiod gamoikveTeba weriT misaRwevi Sedegi da ara ,,wera werisTvis” an
,,wera qulebisTvis”. weriTi davalebis Sesasruleblad mieTiTeba forma
da strategia. weriTi davalebis Sesruleba moswavleebisaTvis iyo
saintereso, motivirebuli, TiTqmis yvelas hqonda daweris survili.
masalebis saSualebiT moswavleebma gaacnobieres, Tu weren, romel
kompetencias iyeneben, euflebian, ganaviTareben; miRweuli erTi
kompetenciiT sxvadasxva saganSi asruleben davalebebs. modelebi
gakveTilis dagegmvisaTvis sasargebloa, radgan xeli Seewyo axali
gakveTilisTvis momzadebis process. modelebisagan Seqmnes maswavleblis
portfolio. SemoTavazebul winadadebebSi gamoikveTa survili, rom
instruqtaJi asaxuliyo modelSi.
kvlevis Sedegad gakeTebulia daskvnebi:
sabazo da saSualo skolaSi arsebuli viTarebis Seswavla
cxadyofs, rom wera yvela saswavlo sagnis mniSvnelovani aqtivobaa,
romlis dauflebisaTvis mimdinareobs saintereso muSaoba da rig
maswavleblebs warmatebuli gamocdileba aqvT. magram umetes SemTxvevaSi
weriT misaRwevi Sedegebis gansazRvra da erT saganSi miRebuli unarisa
da codnis sxva saganSi gacnobierebuli gamoyeneba ar xdeba. weriTi
davalebebi ZiriTadad sruldeba saSinao davalebebis saxiT.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvris aucileblobas
ganapirobebs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli meTodikis
ZiriTadi orientirebi: sagnebis integrirebuli swavleba, aqcenti
19
mravalmxriv perspeqtivaze, saswavlo sagnebis jgufebad gaerTianeba,
saganTa Soris mWidro kavSiris ganxorcieleba
naSromSi kvlevis Sedegad SemuSavebulia weris zogadi kompetenciebi
sabazo da saSualo safexurisaTvis:
informaciis mravalferovani wyaroebis gamoyenebiT wera;
naweris efeqturi organizeba;
dakvirvebis Sedegebis CaniSvna, Canawerebis da monaxazebis
gakeTeba;
weriTi metyvelebis, grafikebis, cxrilebis, diagramebis, sqemebis
gamoyeneba-gaanalizeba;
konceptualuri informaciis, Tezisebis amowera;
sakuTari azrisa da grZnobebis werilobiT gamoxatva;
problemis gadasaWrelad saWiro weriTi strategiebisa da
resursebis SerCeva, maTi gamoyeneba da efeqtianobis monitoringi;
gansazRvrul droSi wera;
sakvanZo sityvis SerCeva da imis mixedviT azris werilobiT
Camoyalibeba;
sxvadasxva saxis sakomunikacio werilebis Sedgena (informaciuli,
sakuTari Sexedulebebis gamomxatveli, problemis mosagvarebeli);
Tavisufali wera; ese;
weris formisa da stilis arCeva teqstis miznisa da auditoriis
gaTvaliswinebiT (samecniero, publicisturi, mxatvruli, oficialuri);
wera moulodnel Temebze, nanaxsa da gancdilze;
kritikuli Tvalsazrisis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba;
akademiuri wera;
werilobiTi angariSis momzadeba;
gegmis, scenaris, proeqtis dawera;
enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis gamoyenebiT wera;
sakuTari da sxvebis Semoqmedebis daxasiaTeba, interpretireba;
sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da miRwevebis swori Sefaseba;
prezentaciisaTvis moxsenebis momzadeba.
20
weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra xels uwyobs erT saganSi
miRebuli codnis, unarebis, SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebas sxva saganSi
axali codnis miRebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. exmareba moswavles
gaacnobieros, ra Sedegi aqvs misaRwevi, rogor iswavlos, rogor
moixmaros dauflebuli codna da unari momavalSi.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis daufleba ZiriTadad mimdinareobs
qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilze saswavlo gegmis
mimarTuleba ,,weriT” gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad,
kompetenciaTa ganviTareba xdeba sxva sagnobrivi jgufisa da
integrirebul gakveTilze.
weris kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis swavlebis organizaciis
formebia: gakveTili, klasgareSe muSaoba.
gakveTilze wera SesaZlebelia Semdegi variantiT:
a) wera CarTulia gakveTilis msvlelobis dagegmvaSi;
b)gakveTilis erT-erTi mizania weris kompetenciis miRweva
strategiebis gamoyenebiT;
g)weris kompetenciis miRweuli donis Sefaseba (mimdinare an
Semajamebeli wera); d) saSinao davalebis Sesruleba.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis ganviTarebis gakveTilgareSe muSaobis
formebia: sagnobrivi wreebi, klasis saaTi, eqskursia, gasvliTi
saganmanaTleblo seminari.
saswavlo saganTa jgufSi Semaval da sxva jgufis sagnebis
maswavlebelTa mier weris kompetenciebis miRwevis swavlebis efeqturi
saSualebaa sagnobrivi kaTedra. misi meSveobiT xorcieldeba
maswavlebelTaA TanamSromloba, weris kompetenciebis swavleba/swavlis
dagegmvis, axali midgomebis gamoyenebis, kvalifikaciis amaRlebis
RonisZiebani.
didaqtikuri gamocdilebis mixedviT weris gakveTilis modelebis
Seqmnam warmoaCina inovaciuri pedagogiuri gamocdileba, xeli Seuwyo
ukeTesi variantebis Seqmnas.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis saWiro strategiebis
SerCevis principebia:
weris strategiebis saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba;
21
weris strategiebis swavleba / swavla iTvaliswinebs sxva saganSi
mis gamosadegianobas;
moswavlis mzadyofna SeZlos weris strategiebis miznobrivad,
efeqtianad gamoyeneba
weris strategiebis gamoyeneba ar iwvevdes moswavlis gadatvirTvas;
strategiebis gamoyeneba exmareba moswavles kompetenciis dauflebasa
da swavlis sasurveli Sedegis miRwevaSi; xels uwyobs saswavlo
procesSi aqtiurobasa da Sin da sxva situaciaSi damoukidebeli
muSaobis warmarTvas.
weris miRweuli kompetenciis donis gansazRvrisas Sefasebis
principebis (sandooba, validuroba, obieqturoba, gamWvirvaloba)
dasacavad gamoiyeneba ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis
sistema. saswavlo miznis da amocanis Sesabamisi Sefasebisa da
TviTSefasebis formebis, meTodebis, cxrilebisa da sqemebis gamoyeneba
ganapirobebs swavleba / swavlis procesSi moswavlis daxmarebis ukeTesi
Sedegis miRwevas.
Tavi I _ werisadmi moTxovnebi zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo da
saSualo safexurze
$ 1. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi werisadmi
weris swavlebis problema yovelTvis mwvaved idga saskolo
ganaTlebis winaSe. qarTuli enisa da literaturis programebSi ,,wera”
calke mimarTulebad ar ganixileboda, magram werisadmi moTxovnebi
ganfenili iyo klasebis mixedviT.
programa (1988) gvTavazobs zogad instruqcias: winaswar gairkves
weriTi samuSaos saxeebi, saklaso da sakontrolo weriTi muSaobis
xangrZlivoba, naweris moculoba, rveulis raodenoba qarTul enaSi.
22
miTiTebulia, agreTve, rveulis garekanis gaformebisa da weriTi
namuSevris gasworebisaTvis erTiani formebis (niSnebis, simbolikis)
gamoyenebisa da naweris gasworebis sakiTxebi,
moswavleTa weriTi metyvelebis kulturis sworad warmarTvisadmi
kontrolis gaZlierebis moTxovna ganpirobebuli iyo upirvelesad imiT,
rom qarTul enasa da literaturaSi damamTavrebeli klasebis
moswavleTa akademiuri warmateba ganisazRvreboda sagamocdo weriTi
namuSevrebis Sedegebis mixedviT. skolas gaaCnda sakontrolo
samuSaoebis ganrigi TiToeul klasSi, yovel meoTxedSi Tu semestrSi,
romlis Tanaxmadac, erT dRes SeiZleboda Catarebuliyo mxolod erTi
weriTi sakontrolo muSaoba, kviraSi _ araumetes orisa. weriTi
sakontrolo samuSaos Sedegebi unda gascnoboda moswavleebs Semdeg
gakveTilze daSvebuli Secdomebis analiziTa da imis miTiTebiT, Tu
rogor aRmoifxvras igi.
meToduri rekomendaciebiT ,,qarTuli literaturis gakveTilebis
Tematuri dagegmva da weriTi samuSaoebis Tematika” (1980), zustad iyo
gaTvlili TiToeul klasSi saSinao, saklaso Tu sakontrolo werebis
raodenoba da Temebi semestrebis mixedviT, weriTi namuSevrebis
moculoba.
yuradReba eTmoboda weriTi namuSevris Sefasebis sakiTxebs.
maswavlebeli iyenebda Sefasebis erTian kriteriumebs, sadac
gansazRvruli iyo codnis ZiriTadi xarisxobrivi maCvenebeli. ,,arsebuli
sistema marTlac ar aris moklebuli subieqturobas niSnis daweris
sakiTxebSi. amitom pedagogiur literaturaSi profesorebi: Salva
amonaSvili, vladimer bespalki, vladimer polonski da sxvebi sul
ufro met yuradRebas uTmoben moswavleTa codnis Sefasebis
racionaluri gzebis Ziebas, rac SesaZleblobas mogvcemda codnis
unarisa da Cvevebis obieqturi SefasebisaTvis”(a. gobroniZe, 2000: 232).
maswavlebelTa yrilobis (1982) gadawyvetilebiT dauSves VIII klasis
praqtikuli stilistikis, IX klasis weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebis
fakultaturi kursebi.
respublikis saxalxo ganaTlebis ZiriTad mimarTulebad 1984-1985
saswavlo wlisaTvis qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebelTa
23
meToduri muSaobis erT-erT mTavar miznad daisaxa: moswavleTa weriTi
metyvelebis dabali donis mizezebis dadgena da maTi daZlevis gzebis
Zieba, SedarebiT rTuli Temebis swavleba.
ganaTlebis saministros skolebis sammarTvelom meToduri centris
Sesabamis ganyofilebasa da swavlebis meTodikaTa seqtorTan erTad
SeimuSava ,,meTodikuri miTiTebani qarTul enasa da literaturaSi
weriTi muSaobis saxeebis raodenobisa da Sefasebis normebis Sesaxeb”.
SemuSavda weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebis fakultaturi programa IX
klasisaTvis.
miuxedavad cvlilebebisa, romelsac axorcielebda saxelmwifo
skolis cxovrebaSi, mkveTrad gauaresda codnis SeZenisadmi moswavleTa
damokidebuleba. saswavlo Sinaarsis gansazRvra-dozirebaSi daSvebulma
Secdomebma, maswavleblis Sromis normirebisa da reglamentirebis
tendenciam Seqmna saswavlo procesis gardaqmnis aucilebloba.
cxovrebam wamoWra diferencirebuli swavlebis aucileblobis
sakiTxi. i. gogebaSvilis saxelobis pedagogiur mecnierebaTa samecniero-
kvleviTi institutis (xelmZRvaneli l. Ciqvanaia) iniciativiT 1989 wels
gaixsna profiluri klasebi. saganTa integrirebisa da axali sagnebis
SemoReba daeqvemdebara maprofilebel saganTa ciklis interesebs.
humanitaruli profilis klasebSi iswavleboda praqtikuli stilistika
da sxv.
humanitaruli profilis qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavleba
miznad isaxavda weriTi kulturis amaRlebas, wignze damoukideblad
muSaobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas. moswavles moeTxoveboda gamarTuli
wera, nawarmoebis mxatvrul-esTetikur analizSi daxelovneba, sakuTari
damokidebulebis warmoCena. moswavles mieca arCevanis Tavisufleba.
moswavlis weriTi metyvelebis kulturis amaRleba, leqsikis
gamdidreba, stilis daxvewa aTeuli wlebis manZilze idga da dResac
dgas upirveles amocanad.
weris problemebTan dakavSirebiT mecnierTa (a. Tofuria, r. gabeCava,
m. CinCalaZe, m. ramiSvili, a, beriZe, da sxv.) mier Seqmnilia mravali
saintereso naSromi, romelTa roli da mniSvneloba didia
TanamedroveobisaTvis.
24
weriTi metyvelebis kulturis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebul
gamokvlevebSi sakiTxi sxvadasxva aspeqtiT ganixileba: zepiri da weriTi
metyvelebis urTierTmimarTeba, weriTi metyvelebis Taviseburebani,
weriTi metyvelebis procesi _ ganviTarebis gza, weriTi metyvelebis
done, namuSevrebis analizi formalur-gramatikuli niSnebiT an
logikuri kategoriebiT, azrovnebis enisa da metyvelebis
urTierTmimarTeba da a. S.
weriTi metyvelebis swavlebis procesSi dasaZlevi problema iyo: ra
winapiroba unda Seiqmnas imisaTvis, rom moswavlem ara marto ganicados
movlena, aramed SeeZlos misi mxatvrulad gadmocema.
weris problemebs did yuradRebas uTmobda pedagogiuri presa, sadac
ibeWdeboda praqtikos maswavlebelTa mosazrebebi. am mimarTebiT
gamoirCeoda Jurnali ,,qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi” (Semdgom
,,balavari”).
pedagogiur kiTxvebsa da konferenciebze ganixileboda werasTan
dakavSirebuli xarvezebi. magaliTad, 1983w. _ moswavleTa weriT
namuSevrebSi vawydebiT Semdegi saxis xarvezebs: nawarmoebis mxatvruli
mxare an sruliad ugulebelyofilia, an masze dakvirveba xdeba
Sinaarsisagan izolirebulad, nawarmoebis Seswavlis daskvniT
safexurze. am naklis daZlevaSi skolas saTanado daxmarebas ver uwevs
saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebi. ar aris SemuSavebuli literaturis
saxelmZRvaneloTa agebis erTiani pedagogiuri principi, rac, Tavis mxriv,
uaryofiT gavlenas axdens swavlebis procesze.
aqve aRsaniSnavia erTi garemoeba: reformamdel skolaSi pirveli
klasidan skolis damTavrebamde swavlobdnen qarTul weras, magram
damamTavrebel klasSi damoukideblad wera mcire nawils SeeZlo. amis
dasturia e. w. ,,Spargalkebis” gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdegod gatarebuli
RonisZiebebi, rogorc skolis, aseve ganaTlebis saministros mxridan.
aRvniSnavT erT faqts _ damamTavrebeli klasis gamosaSvebi weriTi
gamocda tardeboda mivlinebul ,,damswreTa” didi kontrolis qveS.
ganaTlebis ministri, profesorio. qinqlaZe (1982) gamoTqvamda
samarTlian sayvedurs ,,Spargalkebis” gavrcelebis mavne praqtikis
Sesaxeb. igi aRniSnavda: ,,moswavleTa namuSevrebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba
25
damoukidebeli naazrevis Sedegad Sesrulebuli Txzuleba da,
miuxedavad amisa, Cven jer mainc ver veweviT energiul brZolas aseTi
Stampis, erTferovnebisa da azrovnebis standartizaciis winaaRmdeg”.
aqve aRvniSnavT, rom ,,Spargalkis” sawinaaRmdegod 90-iani wlebidan
moifiqres damamTavrebel klasSi Temebis satelevizio eTeriT gadacema
weris dawyebis win. Tumca verc am formam moagvara problema.
werisadmi yuradRebisa da kontrolis, gamokvlevebis Sedegebis
danergviT qarTuli enisa da literaturis mowinave maswavlebelTa
gamocdilebis, iniciativebis, mondomebis Sedegad mniSvnelovani
warmatebebi iyo mopovebuli. magram dro axal moTxovnebs ayenebs.
mniSvnelovnad gaizarda weris unar-Cvevebs dauflebul
specialistebisadmi moTxovna.
mniSvnelovani da sasargeblo siaxlea saqarTvelos skolebSi
amJamad moqmedi qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmis
mixedviT gansazRvruli mimarTuleba ,,wera”, romelic swavleba/swavlis
axal midgomebs moiTxovs.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi saswavlo gegmaSi (2007),
romelic mTliani erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mTavar nawils Seadgens,
aRniSnulia, rom qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavleba unda
warimarTos da swavlis mizani ganisazRvros imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
pirovnebis saerTo kultura, sakomunikacio da profesiuli unar-Cvevebi
swored qarTuli enis safuZvelze yalibdeba. igi qmnis im ZiriTad
baziss, romelsac efuZneba adamianis Tavisufali ganviTarebis mTeli
Semdgomi procesi, pirovnebis suliereba, kultura, mamuliSviloba,
wigniereba, rwmena da ganaTleba (erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2007: 39).
sagnobrivi saswavlo gegma Sedgeba sagnis koncefciis, sagnobrivi
standartebis da programis Sinaarsisagan.
sagnis koncefcia gulisxmobs sagnis swavleba/swavlis dasaxul
miznebsa da amocanebs.
sagnobrivi standarti aris erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Semadgeneli
nawili, romelic adgens im miRwevebis, (unar-Cvevebisa da codnis)
CamonaTvals, romelTac moswavle unda flobdes konkretul saganSi
(ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ganaTlebis specialistebisaTvis, 2007: 51).
26
sagnobrivi standartebi misaRwevi SedegebiTa da indikatorebiT
TvalsaCinos xdis, miRweulia Tu ara Sedegi.
programis SinaarsSi micemulia rekomendaciebi, miTiTebulia Temebi,
romelTa safuZvliani SeswavliT SeiZleba garkveuli Sedegebis miRweva
saganSi.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT qarTuli enisa da literaturis
swavlebis miznebs warmoadgens:
ganuviTaros mozards ZiriTadi sametyvelo unarebi (wera, kiTxva,
mosmena, saubari);
gamoumuSaos weriTi da zepiri metyvelebis kultura;
ganuviTaros sakuTari azris logikuri TanamimdevrobiT gamoTqmisa
da sxvadasxva daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstis Seqmnis unari;
Camouyalibos damoukidebeli, SemoqmedebiTi da refleqsuri
azrovnebis unari;
Seayvaros kiTxva; gamoumuSaos literaturis, rogorc sityvis
xelovnebisa da kulturis faqtis, aRqmisa da gacnobierebis unari;
gaacnobierebinos erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio kultura, rogorc
cvlilebisa da ganviTarebis mudmivmoqmedi procesi.
saganmanaTleblo miznebidan gamomdinare, qarTuli enisa da
literaturis swavleba skolaSi iTvaliswinebs konkretuli amocanebis
gadaWras:
kaligrafiuli kulturis gamomuSaveba;
leqsikuri maragis Sevseba-gamdidreba;
azris cxadad, lakonurad, mkafiod gamoxatvis unaris Camoyalibeba;
msjelobis unaris ganviTareba;
saazrovno moqmedebaTa (analizi, Sedareba, ganzogadeba) ganviTareba
enobriv (teqstobriv) monacemTa safuZvelze;
funqciurad da Sinaarsobrivad mravalferovani teqstebis
Seswavlisa da gaazrebis unaris Camoyalibeba;
teqstebTan SemoqmedebiTi damokidebulebis gamomuSaveba;
diskusiebSi monawileoba, monologuri da dialoguri metyvelebis
unar-CvevaTa Camoyalibeba;
teqstis analizis unaris ganviTareba;
27
sxvadasxva saxis leqsikonebiT, sxvadasxva saSualebiT (biblioTeka,
interneti da sxv.) sargeblobis Cvevis Camoyalibeba;
sametyvelo etiketis normebis dacva;
teqstis agebis kanonzomierebis gaTvaliswinebiT teqstis Seqmna;
miznobrivi amocanis Sesatyvisi stiliT wera da metyveleba;
orTografiuli da punqtuaciuri normebis saTanadod gamoyeneba;
sxvadasxva tipis, stilisa da Janris teqstebis analizis da Seqmnis
unaris gamomuSaveba;
mwerlis Semoqmedebis gaazreba subieqturi (mwerlis cxovrebis
mniSvnelovani faqtebi da momentebi) da obieqturi (epoqis zogadi
konteqsti) faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
literaturul nawarmoebSi asaxuli problematikis mimarT sakuTari
damokidebulebis gamoxatva, pirovnuli poziciis Camoyalibeba da misi
argumentireba;
literaturul nawarmoebebSi asaxuli faseulobebis gamovlena da
maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;
qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli procesebisa da Temebis
urTierTkavSiris gaazreba.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegma gansazRvravs: a)unar-
Cvevebs, b)sagnobrivze orientirebul mimarTulebebs, romlebic
realizebas hpovebs sam ZiriTad sferoSi: ena, ritorika, literatura.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis unar–Cvevebis
ganviTarebaze orientirebuli mimarTulebebia: zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva,
wera. mimarTulebaSi ,,wera” gaTvaliswinebulia informaciisa da
sakuTari azris werilobiTi gadmocema, weris kulturis Camoyalibeba,
rogorc pirovnebis inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis realizaciis
aucilebeli piroba. moswavlem unda SeZlos individualuri
SemoqmedebiTi unaris gamovlena da ganviTareba, azrebisa da
damokidebulebebis gamoxatvis enobriv-stilisturi saSualebebis
daufleba, sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad Sesatyvisi stilis
SerCeva, winaswari gegmis Sedgena, sakvanZo sityvebis SerCeva, “Savi”
xelnaweris gasworeba-redaqtireba; igi unda daeuflos azris
werilobiT Camoyalibebis unar-Cvevebs, mkafio xelweras, marTlwerisa da
28
punqtuaciis savaldebulo normebs (erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2007).
ena azrovnebisa da komunikaciis saSualebaa. Sesabamisad, enis
swavleba am ori umTavresi funqciis win wamowevasa da prioritetul
miznad dasaxvas unda emsaxurebodes.
sagnobrivi mimarTuleba moicavs:
1. informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba _ ena, rogorc azrovnebis
saSualeba, upirvelesad gulisxmobs adamianis TviTgamoxatvis enobrivi
saSualebebis flobas, enis semantikuri da struqturuli
kanonzomierebebis codnas; moswavleebi euflebian mSobliuri enis
marTlwerisa da marTlmetyvelebis ZiriTad normebs. mSobliuri enis
swavlebis ZiriTad princips warmoadgens enis aqtiuri gamoyenebis unar-
Cvevebis daufleba; ara gramatikuli codnis TviTmiznuri dagroveba,
aramed moswavleTa srulyofili enobrivi ganviTareba. aqedan
gamomdinare, aqcentebi gakeTdeba gramatikis ara Teoriuli kursis
miwodebaze, aramed praqtikuli gramatikis kursis SemuSavebaze.
standartSi mocemuli sakiTxebi, romlebic leqsikologia-morfologia-
sintaqsis sakiTxebs moicavs, moswavles unda miewodebodes teqstTan
mimarTebaSi, teqstidan gamomdinare.
2. enis komunikaciuri aspeqtebis (ritorika, socialuri
interaqcia) mizania, gamoumuSavos moswavles is unar-Cvevebi, romlebic
aucilebelia ama Tu im sametyvelo situaciis marTebulad Sefasebisa da
sametyvelo qcevis adekvaturad warmarTvisaTvis, nebismier socialur
garemoSi warmatebuli komunikaciis dasamyareblad, komunikaciis
ZiriTadi xerxebisa da strategiebis dasaufleblad. enis swavlebis es
komponenti socialuri interaqciisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebas isaxavs miznad.
3. mxatvruli teqstis gageba da TviTgamoxatva, literatura,
rogorc sityvis xelovneba, aireklavs cxovrebas Tavisi
winaaRmdegobebiTa da sirTuleebiT, gamoirCeva ideaTa,
msoflmxedvelobaTa da esTetikur gancdaTa mravalferovnebiT; swored
amitom, mxatvruli teqstebis gacnobisas da literaturis fenomenis
Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, moswavleTa winaSe bunebrivad Cndeba
sakuTari Tavisa da samyaros Secnobis individualuri perspeqtiva.
29
literaturis swavlebis procesi xels uwyobs da erTgvar biZgs
aZlevs TiToeul moswavleSi arsebuli unikaluri, individualuri da
SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gamovlenas.
pirovnebaze orientirebul saganmanaTleblo procesSi
literaturis swavlebis mizania ara ideologizebuli cnobierebis mqone
adamianis Camoyalibeba, aramed sazogadod iseTi saswavlo situaciis
Seqmna, sadac individs saSualeba eqneba, pirovnuli gamocdilebis
safuZvelze gaiazros da Seafasos mxatvrul teqstebSi asaxuli
siRrmiseuli da cxovrebiseuli problemebi. literaturasTan
urTierToba ganuviTarebs moswavles mxatvrul da esTetikur gemovnebas,
gauRviZebs Sinagani aqtiurobis da TviTSemecnebis survils.
saswavlo gegmaSi klasebis mixedviT gansazRvrulia Sesaswavli
masalis Sinaarsi, Tematika, tipebi, saxeebi rogorc enaSi, aseve
literaturaSi. saswavlo gegma iTvaliswinebs integrirebuli swavlebis
damkvidrebas, rac gulisxmobs enisa da literaturis erTi sagnis
farglebSi swavlebas. ,,imisTvis, rom moswavle aqtiurad da gamarTulad
metyvelebdes zepirad Tu weriT qarTulad, mniSvnelovania, rom man
funqciuri gramatika iswavlos da ara maincdamainc wesebi” (erovnuli
saswavlo gegma, 2010).
yuradRebas ipyrobs sagnobrivi saswavlo gegmis standartebis
struqtura. standarti moicavs TiToeuli klasis bolos misaRwev
Sedegebsa da am Sedegebis Sesamowmebel indikatorebs. Sedegebi da
indikatorebi dalagebulia sami ZiriTadi mimarTulebis (zepirmetyveleba,
kiTxva, wera) mixedviT; es aris unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze
orientirebuli mimarTulebebi. TiToeul mimarTulebaSi 3-dan 6-mde
Sedegia. indikatorTa raodenoba ar aris SezRuduli: meryeobs 2-dan 10-
mde. Sedegis misaRwevad ar aris aucilebeli, moswavle asrulebdes
yvela indikators; es exeba gansakuTrebiT maRal klasebs. standarts
axlavs programis Sinaarsi, romelze dayrdnobiTac standartSi
mocemuli Sedegebis miRwevaa SesaZlebeli. programis SinaarsSi
gawerilia konkretuli sakiTxebi (masala) sagnobrivi mimarTulebebis
mixedviT - enis (informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba), ritorikisa
(socialuri interaqcia) da literaturis (mxatvruli teqstis gageba da
30
TviTgamoxatva) sferoebidan. rekomendaciis saxiT standarts erTvis
qarTvel mweralTa CamonaTvali, romelTa nawarmoebebze dayrdnobiT
SesaZlebelia standartSi mocemuli savaldebulo Sedegebis miRweva.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mimarTulebebis (zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera)
mixedviT standartebis gansazRvra saSualebas iZleva sasurveli Sedegis
misaRwevad konkretulad, mizanmimarTulad daigegmos da warimarTos
saswavlo procesi.
gavicnoT wlis bolos misaRwevi is Sedegebi, romelsac saswavlo
gegmis mixedviT iTvaliswinebs mimarTuleba ,,wera”.
VII klasi
moswavle qmnis werilobiT teqstebs sxvadasxva mizniT.
moswavle irCevs werilobiTi teqstis formasa da stils miznisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
moswavle icavs werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebs da enobriv
normebs.
moswavle mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris efeqturi
organizebisaTvis.
VIII klasi
werilobiT gadmoscems sakuTar Tvalsazriss, msjelobs konkretul
sakiTxze saTanado argumentebis moxmobiT.
moswavle irCevs werilobiTi teqstis formasa da stils miznisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad moswavle marTebulad iyenebs
enobriv-gramatikul struqturebsa da xerxebs.
moswavle mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris efeqturi
organizebisaTvis.
IX klasi
moswavle werilobiT gadmoscems sakuTar Tvalsazriss sadavo an
problemur sakiTxebze; ajamebs gansxvavebul Sexedulebebs mocemul
sakiTxze.
moswavle werilobiT gadmoscems detalur informacias, gansxvavebul
Tvalsazriss.
moswavle irCevs werilobiTi teqstis formasa da stils miznisa da
31
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
moswavle icavs werilobiTi teqstis struqturas da enobriv normebs.
moswavle mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris efeqturi
organizebisaTvis.
X klasi
moswavle wers Txzulebas sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva
auditoriisaTvis.
moswavle qmnis mxatvrul teqsts mocemuli pirobis, modelis mixedviT.
moswavle wers saswavlo referats erTi an ramdenime wyaros mixedviT.
moswavle adgens teqstis konspeqts Sesabamisi wesebis dacviT.
moswavle wers gamoxmaurebas wakiTxul wignze an mxatvrul nawarmoebze.
moswavle mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris efeqturi
organizebisaTvis.
XI klasi
moswavle wers mxatvruli nawarmoebis analizs.
moswavle wers sxvadasxva saxis eses.
moswavle wers recenzias wakiTxul wignze an mxatvrul nawarmoebze.
moswavle wers sxvadasxva xasiaTis aramxatvrul teqstebs.
sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad moswavle adekvaturad iyenebs
saTanado enobriv-gramatikul saSualebebs.
moswavle iyenebs weris strategiebs naweris efeqturi organizebisaTvis.
XII klasi
moswavle wers gamokvlevas (mcire moculobis samecniero naSroms)
winaswar SerCeul Temaze.
moswavle wers saswavlo referats ramdenime wyaros mixedviT.
moswavle wers mxatvruli nawarmoebis analizs.
moswavle iyenebs weris saTanado strategiebs
zogierTi standarti saerToa sabazo da saSualo safexuris yvela
klasisasTvis, magram gansxvavdeba standartis misaRwevi indikatorebi.
magaliTisaTvis SemogTavazebT standarts _ moswavle mimarTavs weris
strategiebs naweris efeqturi organizebisaTvis:
32
qarTuli enisa da literaturis erovnuli saswavlo gegma
gansazRvrulia rogorc meore ena im moswavleebisaTvis, vinc qarTuls
swavlobs rogorc saxelmwifo enas. sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis
warmomadgenlebi qarTul enas, rogorc meore enas, swavloben pirveli
klasidan saSualo skolis damTavrebamde, saswavlo programa
iTvaliswinebs, rom moswavleebs hqondeT sakmarisad ganviTarebuli
enobrivi da sakomunikacio unarebi imisaTvis, rom SeeZloT warmatebuli
socialuri da pirovnuli urTierToba qarTul enaze.
gamoyofilia meore enis Semswavleli ori ZiriTadi jgufi:
1. isini, vinc kompaqturad saxloben regionebSi da skolaSi qarTuli
enis swavlas iwyeben yovelgvari sawyisi codnis gareSe.
2. isini, vinc did qalaqebSi qarTulenovan komunikaciur garemoSi
cxovroben da qarTuli enis swavlas iwyeben mcire an elementaruli
sabazo safexuri saSualo safexuri
saerTo indikatorebi sxvadasxva saxis teqstisaTvis adgens gegmas; wers Sav variants da gadaaTeTrebs; gansazRvravs mizans, auditorias, Sesabamisad irCevs strategias; iyenebs sxvadasxva resurss (biblioTeka, kompiuterul teqnologias da sxva); ayalibebs saTqmels TanamimdevrobiT; asworebs nawers orTografiuli, punqtuaciuri da qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebis mixedviT
daamuSavebs saboloo redaqcias sxvebis (Tanaklaselis, maswavleblis) daxmarebiT, maTi SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT saxavs xarvezebis gamosworebis gzebs. winaswar Camowers savaraudo SekiTxvebs, romlebic SeiZleba konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gauCndes auditorias
irCevs da kritikulad afasebs wyaroebs.
agebs miznobriv sqemas (ra aris Cemi mizani? ra masalas gamoviyeneb miznis misaRwevad? rogori iqneba Cemi naweris formati? ra saxis problemebi SeiZleba Semeqmnas muSaobisas da rogor SemeZleba maTi daZleva?);
icavs masalis damowmebis wesebs: citireba,perifrazirebareziumireba;
33
codniT.
erovnuli saswavlo gegma iTvaliswinebs am gansxvavebebs. saswavlo
programa gansazRvravs mizans, amocanebs, struqturas. qarTuli enis
swavlebaSi gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba zepirmetyveleba,
kiTxva, wera da qvemimarTebebi: komunikacia, enobrivi (gramatikuli)
aspeqtebi, ena konteqstSi da swavlis strategiebi.
mimarTuleba ,,weris” standartebis daufleba ganapirobebs, rom
sabazo safexuris gavlis Semdeg moswavleebs SeeZlebaT daweron
sxvadasxva tipis saqmiani werili (mag., e.w. CV, samotivacio werili,
axsna-ganmartebiTibaraTi da sxva).
saSualo safexuris dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs SeeZlebaT:
sxvadasxva xasiaTis zepiri Tu werilobiTi teqstis gageba,
damuSaveba, gaanalizeba;
sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis/saxis
werilobiTi teqstis SeTxzva da am procesSi cxovrebiseuli da
SemoqmedebiTi gamocdilebis realizeba;
sxvadasxva epoqis literaturul teqstebSi asaxul kulturul
faseulobaTa gaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis,
poziciis gamoxatva da sxva.
saSualo safexurze moswavle eufleba iseTi funqcionaluri
teqstebis weras, romlebic mas dasWirdeba saswavlo an samecniero
masalis damuSavebisas (mag., konspeqtis Sedgena; referatis dawera
rogorc erTi wyaros, ise sxvadasxva wyaros mixedviT; reziumes,
gamokvlevis dawera); qmnis sxvadasxva Janris teqsts, romlebSic avlens
pirovnul da SemoqmedebiT damokidebulebas; eufleba weris efeqturi
strategiebis gamoyenebas weris procesis yvela etapze Sedegis
gasaumjobeseblad.
es mciredi informacia cxadyofs, rom qarTuli enisa da
literaturis saswavlo gegma moicavs qarTuli enis swavleba/swavlis
misaRwev standartebs, rogorc qarTulenovani, aseve araqarTulenovani
skolebisaTvis.
qarTulis, rogorc meore enis swavlebis sakiTxebi vrcelia da
calke Seswavlis sferoa. Cveni kvlevis sagani igi ar aris. naSromSi
34
warmodgenili masalebi Seexeba qarTulenovan skolebSi weris
problemebs.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmaSi unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebaze orientirebuli mimarTuleba ,,wera” warmodgenilia
klasebis mixedviT misaRwevi standartebiTa da saswavlo SedegebiT,
miRweuli donis gasazomad gansazRvrulia indikatorebi.
standartebi da indikatorebi qmnian safuZvels saswavlo procesSi
axali midgomebis danergvisaTvis.
CavatareT kvleva, romlis mizani iyo: qarTuli enisa da
literaturis saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli standartebisa da misi
miRwevis mimarT sagnis maswavlebelTa da moswavleTa damokidebulebis
garkveva.
kvlevis meTodebi: pedagogiuri ese.
kvlevis monawileni: qarTuli enisa da literaturis 30
maswavlebeli, VII-XII klasis 40 moswavle.
kvlevis procedura: kvlevaSi monawileni weren pedagogiur eses
erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad. eses analizi gakeTda disertantisa da
maswavlebelTa da moswavleTa ori wyvilis mier. samive analizis
Sejerebis Semdeg gakeTda daskvnebi.
pedagogiuri eses Catarebis dro: 2009 wlis aprili.
pedagogiuri eses Tema: raSi mexmareba an mabrkolebs saswavlo
gegmaSi mocemuli weris standartebi.
kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, maswavlebelTa 52% fiqrobs, rom weris
standartebi exmareba gakveTilis dagegmvaSi, gansakuTrebiT miznis
garkvevaSi. SesaZleblobebis CamonaTvals iyeneben ara rogorc
standartis miRwevis saSualebas, aramed mxolod rogorc Sesasrulebel
saqmianobas. icnoben da iyeneben weris oTx-xuT strategias. moswavleTa
54% fiqrobs, rom standartebsa da indikatorebs kargad ar icnoben, es
maswavleblisaTvis gankuTvnili hgoniaT. SeuZliaT ori-sami strategiis
gamoyeneba.
maswavlebelTa 63% -sa da moswavleTa 65% -s surs icnobdes
standartebis misaRwevad ,,rac SeiZleba bevr” strategias.
weris standartebis Sesaxeb sagnobrivi kaTedrebis sxdomebze
35
sakiTxis ganxilvisas dadga sakiTxi standartis Sesabamisi aqtivobebis
gansazRvris Taobaze. es sakiTxi nawilobriv gvxvdeba klasebis mixedviT
meTodur rekomendaciebSi. SevimuSaveT standartis Sesabamisi aqtivobebi
safexurebis mixedviT, romelsac warmovadgenT sqemis saxiT.
dawyebiTi safexuri
standarti aqtivoba
misTvis nacnob Temebze
sxvadasxva xasiaTis teqstebis
gamarTulad wera
warmoadgine epizodi
saxeSecvlilad (Secvale dro,
erT-erTi personaJi, faqti);
aRwere peizaJi; daaxasiaTe
personaJi (avtoris pozicia, Seni
damokidebuleba...)
gramatikis, orTografiis,
punqtuaciis praqtikulad
aucilebeli minimumis Segnebulad
gamoyeneba.
teqsti, ambavi warmoadgine
dialogis saxiT
sxvadasxva xasiaTis, miznisa da
daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstebis
SeTxzva.
miswere werili axlobels,
SenTvis idealur pirovnebas,
megobars.
mxatvruli teqstebis Seqmna.
daasrule moTxroba;
miuriTme mocemul ortaepeds;
dawere Canaxati, dialogi.
sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis
koreqcia da daxvewa komunikaciis
etiketuri normebis mixedviT.
TanaklaselebTan erTad
warmoadgine scena nawarmoebidan;
Secvale mTxrobeli da ise
warmoadgine epizodi.
36
sabazo safexuri
standarti aqtivoba
sxvadasxva sirTulis da
sxvadasxva saxis (literaturuli,
samecniero popularuli,
publicisturi, saqmiani) teqstis
wera gansxvavebul Temebze.
gansxvavebuli saxis mocemuli
teqstebi SeadareT erTmaneTs _
upasuxeT kiTxvebs, TiToeul
maTgans miusadage misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli niSani (mag.
problemis dasma, lakonuroba,
terminebis gamoyeneba, subieqturi
damokidebulebis Ria gamoxatva da
sxv.);
gramatikis, orTografiis,
punqtuaciis codna da am codnis
Segnebulad gamoyeneba teqstis
asgebad da dasaxvewad.
poemis mixedviT dawere
moTxroba; moTxroba gadaakeTe
piesad.
weris dros sakomunikacio
miznis gaTvaliswinebiTY funqciuri
stilis marTebulad SerCeva;
sakuTari naweris redaqtireba
da koreqtireba.
dawereT avtobiografia, CV,
gancxadeba da sxva saqmiani
qaRaldebi.
sxvadasxva Janrisa da saxis
teqstebis werilobiT struqtuireba
da organizeba.
dawereT mcire gamokvleva
cnobili pirovnebis Sesaxeb;
awarmoe dRiuri da dawvrilebiT
aRwere, ra moxda mniSvnelobani
Sens cxovrebaSi.
sxvadasxva xasiaTis
werilobiTi teqstebis
sakomunikacio miznis amocnoba da
am kuTxiT teqstis efeqturobis
Sefaseba.
daaxasiaTeT teqstebi
stiluri niSan-Tvisebebis
mixedviT; moamzadeT reportaJi
sainformacio gadacemisaTvis;
37
saSualo safexuri
standarti aqtivoba
sxvadasxva tipisa da stilis
teqstebis wera
erTi sagnis, movlenis, faqtis
Sesaxeb dawereT sainformacio,
samecniero, mxatvruli teqsti
gramatikis, orTografiis,
punqtuaciis wesebis gamoyeneba
teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad
Seqmeni igavi moralis mixedviT;
warmoadgine wina saukuneebis teqsti
Tanamedrove epoqasTan misadagebuli,
Seneuli interpretaciiT
sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva
auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis
werilobiTi teqstis SeTxzva.
miswereT oficialuri werili
organizacias TxovniT da misi
saWiroebis argumentirebuli
dasabuTebiT.
mieci Cveneba policias
danaSaulze, romelsac SeeswariT da
igive faqtis Sesaxeb miswere
megobars.
werilobiT teqstebSi
sakuTari poziciisa da
RirebulebiTi damokidebulebebis
sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT
warmoCena
dawereT publicisturi werili
aqtualur problemaze; Cawere
dRiurSi saxelmZRvanelos erT-erTi
Tavis Seswavlis Semdeg Seni
STabeWdilebebi
sxvadasxva tipis werilobiTi
teqstebis Sefaseba maTi
sakomunikacio amocanis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
airCie roli (mSobeli,
maswavlebeli, parlamentis wevri),
auditoria (Tanaklaselebi,
ufrosklaselebi, mSoblebi,
pedagogebi, ubnis biWebi), formati
(mimarTva, sagazeTo statia,
gamosvla, sentencia) da dawereT
TqvenTvis aqtualur Temaze.
38
TiToeuli safexurisaTvis standartisa da misi Sesatyvisi
aqtivobebis SerCevisas, ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia asakobrivi
Taviseburebebi.
saskolo asaki dimitri uznaZis koncefciis safuZvelze iyofa Semdeg
etapebad: umcrosi saskolo asaki, saSualo saskolo asaki da ufrosi
saskolo asaki _ adreuli siymawvilis xana.
mozardobis asaki (11-16) xasiaTdeba mkveTri cvlilebebiT fizikur
ganviTarebaSi. simwifis xana da mozardobis asaki gansxvavebuli cnebebia.
adamianTa umravlesoba simwifis xanis dasrulebis Semdeg mozardobis
asakSi kidev didxans dahyofs. Tumca momwifeba mozardobis asakis
dawyebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani niSania. simwifis xana ganisazRvreba,
rogorc swrafi fizikuri momwifebis periodi, romelic moicavs
hormonalur da sxeulis cvlilebebs. simwifis xanaSi momxdari cvlile-
bebi adamianis organizms reproduqciis unars aZlevs. momwifeba,
ZiriTadad, adreuli mozardobis asakSi xdeba.
wamoayeneT problema da sTxoveT moswavleebs, Camoayalibon misi
gadaWris hipoTezuri gzebi. magaliTad, maswavlebeli ekiTxeba
moswavleebs: „warmoidgineT, rom gogonas megobrebi ara hyavs. ra unda
qnas man?“
wamoayeneT problema da misi gadaWris ramdenime gza. Semdeg hkiTxeT
moswavleebs, Seafason TiToeuli alternativa.
sTxoveT moswavleebs, daasabuTon TavianTi daskvnebi. magaliTad,
hkiTxeT, „ra nabijebi gaiare, es problema rom gadageWra?“
SeadgineT proeqtebi da gamokvlevebi, rac SeiZleba rom
moswavleebma ganaxorcielon. periodulad hkiTxeT, Tu rogor agroveben
da aanalizeben monacemebs da informacias.
gaxsovdeT, rom mozardebi xSirad formaluroperaciul azrovnebas
iyeneben im sferoSi, romelSic yvelaze daxelovnebulebi da
gamocdilebi arian. magaliTad, moswavle, romelsac qarTuli uyvars,
bevrs kiTxulobs da wers, formaluroperaciuli azrovnebis unars
gamoiyenebs am sferoSi. magram imave moswavles SeiZleba ar uyvardes
maTematika da maTematikaSi konkretuloperaciuli azrovnebis unars
iyenebdes.
39
yuradReba gaamaxvileT moswavleTa azrovnebis procesebze da ara
mxolod Sedegebze. maswavleblebma mxolod moswavleebis pasuxebi ki ar
unda Seamowmon, aramed unda icodnen, Tu ra gonebrivi procesebi
gamoiyenes bavSvebma am pasuxebis misaRebad. saswavlo procesi maSin aris
efeqturi, roca is emyareba bavSvis arsebuli kognituri ganviTarebis
dones. maswavleblebs mxolod maSin SeuZliaT, Sesaferisi saswavlo
situaciebi da gamocdilebebi Seuqmnan bavSvebs, roca esmiT, Tu ra
meTodebs iyeneben bavSvebi konkretuli daskvnebis gamosatanad.
gaacnobiereT, rom Zalian mniSvnelovania moswavleTa iniciativa da
aqtiuri CarTuloba saswavlo procesSi. naklebi yuradReba gaamaxvileT
codnis/masalis pirdapir prezentaciaze/miwodebaze da mieciT bavSvebs
SesaZlebloba, TviTon gaakeTon aRmoCenebi garemosTan uSualo
urTierTobis saSualebiT. didaqtikurad swavlis meTodebis nacvlad,
gamoiyeneT mravalferovani davalebebi, rac bavSvebs uSualod fizikur
samyarosTan urTierTobis SesaZleblobas miscems.
gaacnobiereT, rom moswavleTa ganviTarebis tempebi gansxvavebulia
da gaiTvaliswineT es gansxvaveba saswavlo procesSi.
piaJes Teoriis mixedviT, aRniSnavs naTia janaSia (,,ganviTarebisa da
swavlebis Teoriebi”, 2008: 33), yvela bavSvi ganviTarebis stadiebs
erTnairi TanmimdevrobiT gadis, Tumca gansxvavebuli siswrafiT/tempiT.
amitomac maswavleblebma saswavlo davalebebi da savarjiSoebi
calkeuli moswavleebisTvis, an moswavleTa patara jgufebisTvis unda
dagegmon da ara mTeli klasisTvis. garda amisa, moswavleTa Sefaseba
unda moxdes TiToeuli bavSvis individualuri ganviTarebis progresis
gaTvaliswinebiT, da ara normatuli standartiT, romelic bavSvis
miRwevebs misive asakis an klasis bavSvebis moswrebas adarebs.
socialuri daswavlis Teoriis avtoris, albert banduras
rekomendaciebia:
mieciT moswavleebs efeqturi swavlis konkretuli miTiTebebi
(magaliTad, dasawer davalebasTan erTad mieciT konkretuli kiTxvebi,
romlebsac kiTxvis dros unda upasuxon)
xSirad mieciT moswavleebs SesaZlebloba, Seafason TavianTi weris
progresi da Semdeg es Sefaseba Tqvens Sefasebas Seadaron. mozardebi
40
iyeneben TviTmotivaciis strategiebs (magaliTad, cdiloben, mosawyeni
davaleba ufro saintereso da saxaliso gaxadon, sakuTar Tavs axseneben,
rom warmateba mniSvnelovania); ufro xSirad isaxaven grZelvadian
miznebs, TandaTanobiT ufro kargad euflebian kognituri swavlis da
weris strategiebs.
saklaso davalebebi moswavleTa grZelvadian miznebs daukavSireT,
auxseniT da mieciT moswavleebs kiTxvis, weris da mecadineobis efeqturi
kognituri strategiebis magaliTebi
mieciT moswavleebs rTuli davalebebi, romlebic damoukideblad
swavlas moiTxovs; im moswavleebs, romlebsac jer ar aqvT weris
swavlis TviTregulaciis unari, konkretuli miTiTebebiT daexmareT.
harvardis universitetis profesori devid perkinsi (2007) Tvlis, rom
rac ufro meti ician moswavleebma fiqris da swavlis Sesaxeb, anu rac
ufro maRalia maTi metakognituri cnobiereba, miT ufro efeqturad
swavloben isini da ufro maRal Sedegebs aRweven skolaSi
termini metakognicia gulisxmobs „azrovnebas imaze, Tu rogor
vazrovnebT“. metakognicia moicavs moswavleTa codnas da Sexedulebebs
TavianTi kognituri/SemecnebiTi procesebis Sesaxeb. igi, agreTve,
gulisxmobs moswavleTa azrovnebis im procesebs da qcevebs, romlebsac
isini swavlis da mexsierebis gaumjobesebis mizniT iyeneben. magaliTad,
metakognicia moicavs: fiqrs imaze, Tu ras moicavs azrovneba da swavla;
codnas Cveni mexsierebis da swavlis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb;
codnas, Tu realurad risi swavla SegviZlia mocemul droSi; swavlis
procesebis efeqturad dagegmvas; swavlis efeqtiani strategiebis codnas
da gamoyenebas axali masalis asaTviseblad; codnas, Tu ra viswavleT da
ramdenad kargad gavigeT.
moswavleebs SeiZleba vaswavloT metakognituri strategiebi, miaCnia
n. janaSias, (2008: 125), romlis saSualebiTac isini SeZleben imis
Sefasebas, Tu ramdenad kargad esmiT axali masala da ramdeni dro
sWirdebaT garkveuli masalis Sesaswavlad. agreTve, SeiZleba vaswavloT
sakuTar azrovnebis procesebze fiqri da swavlis procesis efeqturad
dagegmva.
metakognituri strategiebis codna mniSvnelovnad exmareba
41
moswavleebs swavlaSi da maRali Sedegebis miRwevaSi. gansakuTrebiT
efeqturia sakuTari TavisTvis kiTxvebis dasmis strategia: moswavleebi
cdiloben, davalebaSi saerTo elementebi amoicnon da Semdeg sakuTar
Tavs dausvan kiTxvebi. magaliTad, SegviZlia moswavleebs vaswavloT, rom
moTxrobis wakiTxvis dros amoicnon mTavari moqmedi gmirebi, adgilebi,
sadac moqmedeba xdeba, problemebi da problemebis gadawveta/pasuxebi.
moswavleebs jer unda davusvaT kiTxvebi, romlebic maT am mniSvnelovani
elementebis povnaSi daexmareba. eqspertebis azriT, bavSvebi ukeT gaigeben
wakiTxuls, Tu maT vaswavliT ra, vin, sad da rogor kiTxvebis dasmas.
swavlis strategia gulisxmobs kognituri/SemecnebiTi procesis an
procesebis mizanmimarTulad gamoyenebas swavlis dros. igi moicavs
moswavleTa mier garkveuli xerxebis gamoyenebas masalis ukeT gagebis da
damaxsovrebis mizniT. Zalian mniSvnelovania, moswavleebs gavacnoT
swavlis efeqturi strategiebi da vaswavloT maTi gamoyeneba.
moswavleebs xSirad uWirT gakveTilsa Tu saSinao davalebaSi
yvelaze mniSvnelovani informaciis amocnoba. bevri maTgani zedapirul
maxasiaTeblebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. maswavlebelma unda miuTiTos
moswavleebs, romeli cnebebi da informaciaa mniSvnelovani gakveTilsa
da sakiTxav masalaSi. es moswavleebs warmatebul swavlaSi daexmareba.
maswavlebels, ra Tqma unda, SeuZlia pirdapir uTxras moswavleebs, Tu
ra iswavlon. Tumca, ufro efeqturi strategiaa, Semdegi xerxebis
gamoyenebiT mivaxvedroT, ra aris gakveTilSi mniSvnelovani: gaacaniT
bavSvebs gakveTilis miznebi. es informacia SeiZleba gakveTilis
dawyebamde dafaze CamoweroT; dafaze dawereT mTavari cnebebi da
miuTiTeT, rogor aris isini erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli; dausviT
moswavleebs iseTi kiTxvebi, rac maT yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs
mniSvnelovan cnebebsa da ideebze.
moswavleebi ufro warmatebulad swavloben, roca maT ukve gaaCniaT
garkveuli codna, romelTanac SeiZleba axali cnebebis daakavSireba.
magaliTad, roca bavSvebs saxelmZRvanelos xmamaRla vukiTxavT, Cven
SeiZleba drodadro SevCerdeT, raTa wakiTxuli informacia an cneba
adre naswavl masalasTan, an moswavleTa gamocdilebasTan davakavSiroT.
Semdeg SeiZleba moswavleebi wavaxalisoT, rom igive damoukideblad
42
gaakeTon da, saWiroebisamebr, mivceT miTiTebebi, davusvaT konkretuli
kiTxvebi, rac daexmareba maT dafiqrdnen TavianT codnasa da
Sexedulebebze.
$ 2. weris swavleba/swavlis arsebuli viTareba
saqarTvelos rig sajaro skolebSi 2006 wlis seqtemberSi daiwyo
axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis pilotireba. qarTulenovani skolis
pirvel, meSvide da meaTe klasebSi. 2007-2008 saswavlo wels ki
saqarTvelos yvela skolam axali saswavlo gegmiT daiwyo muSaoba.
erovnuli saswavlo gegma sruliad axal principebs daefuZna:
orientacia TiToeuli moswavlis interesebsa da SesaZleblobebze,
orientireba swavlis Sedegebze, meti aqcentis gakeTeba codnis xarisxze
da ara odenobaze. informaciasTan erTad unar-Cvevebisa da
damokidebulebebis gamomuSaveba, romelTa gamoyenebac moswavles
cxovrebaSi SeuZlia. ,,programaSi mocemul principebs wlebis
ganmavlobaSi iyenebdnen Cveni qveynis saukeTeso maswavleblebi. Cven,
ubralod maT erTad movuyareT Tavi, gadavamuSaveT da SevufardeT
Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso praqtikas”,_ naTqvamia programis SesavalSi.
gaizarda skolebis damoukidebloba, maT SeuZliaT mravalferovani
programa SesTavazon sakuTar moswavleebs. Semovida Sefasebis axali
sistema, romelic exmareba moswavles sakuTari SesaZleblobebis
ganviTarebaSi.
mimdinareobs saxelmZRvaneloebis SemuSavebis procesi. bolo dros
gamoica araerTi saintereso wigni maswavlebelTa profesiuli donis
asamaRleblad. saxelmZRvanelo mniSvnelovani resursia, romelic
maswavlebels axali saswavlo gegmiT swavlebaSi exmareba.
saxelmZRvanelo erT-erTi saSualebaa da ara erTaderTi, romelic
emsaxureba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobriv programebSi mocemuli
43
Sedegebis miRwevas. Sesabamisad, maswavlebeli araa orientirebuli
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli ,,masalis gavlaze”, aramed aqcents akeTebs
sagnobrivi standartebis Sedegebis misaRwevad saxelmZRvaneloebSi
mocemuli teqstebis, savarjiSoebisa Tu ilustraciebis gamoyenebaze.
maswavlebeli argebs saxelmZRvanelos moswavleebis saWiroebebs da ara
piriqiT, _ maswavlebeli fiqrobs moergos saxelmZRvanelos.
maswavlebels SeuZlia swavlebis process miudges SemoqmedebiTad, ar
gamoiyenos saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli romelime teqsti an aqtivoba,
Secvalos drois xangrZlivoba, romelic romelime konkretul Temas
eTmoba, gadaanacvlos paragrafebis Tanamimdevroba, daamatos sakuTari
aqtivobebi da sxv.
axali saswavlo sagnobrivi gegmebis Sesabamis saxelmZRvaneloebTan
erTad gamocemulia ,,maswavleblis wigni”, romelSic mocemulia
sasargeblo meToduri miTiTebani, rCevebi, nimuSebi. VII klasisaTvis
gankuTvnil ,,maswavleblis wigSi” (v. rodonaia, a. arabuli, xuciSvili,
2006: 6) aRniSnulia: ,,paragrafs agvirgvinebs ZiriTadad saSinao
davalebad gankuTvnili weriTi samuSao, romelsac zogjer sakmad
vrceli instruqcia axlavs. am instruqciis daniSnulebaa gauadvilos
moswavles saSinao davalebis Sesruleba. maswavlebels ki SeuZlia am
instruqciaze dayrdnobiT SeimuSavos saSinao davalebis Sefasebis
kriteriumebi.”
saxelmZRvanelos erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan Sesatyvisobis
Sinaarsis da miznebis ruka moicavs weriTi samuSaoebis formebs:
TxrobiTi xasiaTis, publicisturi, poeturi teqstebis Seqmna, sagazeTo
statiis saTaurisa da dasawyisis SeTxzva, sainformacio teqstis
Sedgenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze muSaoba.
gakveTilis dagegmvis cxrilSi weriTi davalebis Sesruleba
ZiriTadad gaTvaliswinebulia saSinao davalebad. magaliTad, 5 wuTiani
ese, weriTi davaleba, ras gveubneba leqsi? (21), ,,warmosaxuli personaJis
portreti” (31).
gakveTilis scenarebSic weriTi samuSao ZiriTadad saSinao
davalebadaa gaTvaliswinebuli, magaliTad, ,,rveulebSi amoiweron maTi
sayvareli poetis leqsebidan mimarTvis formebi” (25). gakveTilze weriTi
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davalebebi ZiriTadad sruldeba gramatikasaTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad,
zedsarTavi saxelis SeerTeba arsebiTTan. Seadginon saxl-karis aRweris
msgavsi sqema. mocemulia weris unaris Sefasebis kriteriumebi.
garkveuli adgili eTmoba marTlweris sakiTxebis Seswavlas.
IX klasis ,,maswavleblis wignSi“ (avtorebi: v. rodonaia, n.
nakudaSvili, a. arabuli, m. xuciSvili 2008). Sinaarsisa da miznebis
rukaSi weriTi davalebebi konkretulad miTiTebuli ar aris, sanimuSo
gakveTilebis scenarebi rig SemTxvevaSi iTvaliswinebs saSinao
davalebad saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli weriTi davalebis
Sesrulebas(641) gansazRvrulia Semajamebeli weris Sefasebis unarebi,
romelic msgavsia VII klasSi gansazRvruli kriteriumebisa (53).
IX klasis ,,maswavleblis wigni“ (b. sulakauri, m. gordelaZe, T.
qitoSvili, 2008) miTiTebulia, rom ,,nawarmoebis Seswavlis Semdeg
moswavleebi weren mcire eseebs (maTi moculoba daaxloebiT erTi-ori
gverdi unda iyos), metwilad es aris is, rasac tradiciulad ,,Tavisufal
Temebs“ vuwodebT. ufro xSirad moswavleebs mcire esesTvis ramdenime
Temas vTavazobT, roca asea, isini maTgan erTs irCeven da Sin asruleben,
amave dros SesaZlebelia ese klasSic daiweros, _ vTqvaT, sami Temidan
ors moswavleebi Sin amuSaveben, mesames ki, romelic Tqven specialurad
,,SemoinaxeT” _ klasSi”.
Sinaarsisa da miznebis rukaSi saxelmZRvanelos erovnul saswavlo
gegmasTan SesabamisobisaTvis mocemulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis
samive mimarTuleba. ,,wera” standartebis miTiTebiTaa waarmodgenili.
SefasebaSi yvela TemasTan mimarTebaSi miTiTebulia ,,weriTi davalebis
Sesruleba”, gakveTilis sanimuSo scenaris miznebSi gaTvaliswinebulia
weriTi metyvelebis kulturis (teqstis azris gamokveTis da mkafiod
ganmartebis unaris ganviTareba” (20). aqtivobebSi miTiTebulia ,,weriTi
davalebis Sesruleba” (20), ,,sxvadasxva Temaze dawerili ramdenime mcire
eses wakiTxva da ganxilva (30). eses Sefasebis sqema iTvaliswinebs
kriteriumebs: 1.azrovnebis damoukidebloba, originaluroba;
2.literaturis codna, wigniereba; 3.eses kompozicia, msjelobis
logikuroba da argumentirebuloba; 4.enobrivi kultura.
45
TiToeuli kriteriumi moicavs qulebis mixedviT moTxovnebs:
magaliTad, pirveli kriterumisaTvis eses avtoris azrovneba mkveTrad
originaluria, originaluria, aRbeWdilia mkafio pirovnuli elferiT.
avtoris msjeloba safuZvliani da damajerebelia (31).
,,Sesaswavl nawarmoebTan uSualod dakavSirebuli saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemuli msjelobis Temis safuZvelze Sesrulebuli weriTi
namuSevrebis Sefaseba imave kriteriumebs eyrdnoba, romelTac eses
Sefasebisas viyenebT, oRond, rasakvirvelia, sagangebo yuradReba eTmoba
nawarmoebis gaazrebis da gagebis dones” (T. vasaZe, 2006: 35).
XI klasis ,,maswavleblis wignSi“ (T vasaZe, n. SaraSeniZe, 2007)
Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka iTvaliswinebs mimarTuleba ,,weris”
standartebis moTxovnebs, SefasebaSi miTiTebulia ,,weriTi davalebis
Sesruleba”. gakveTilis scenarebSi miTiTebulia mocemul davalebebze
dawerili Temebis prezentacia, eses prezentaciis Sefasebis sqema da
kriteriumebi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom X klasis saxelmZRvanelos Tan erTvis
savarjiSoebis krebuli ,,rogor vweroT ukeTesad”, romelic moicavs
Semdeg sakiTxebs: ,,isev punqtuacia.., jer vgegmavT, Semdeg vwerT, vwerT
yvelaferze... sityviT gamoxatuli samyaro... rogor gamoxatoT saTqmeli,
mTqmelis pozicia, poeturi ena – leqsis analizi, zmna – enis xerxemali,
vweroT oficialuri stiliT.
IX klasis ,,maswavleblis wigni“ (b. sulakauri, m. gordelaZe, T.
qitoSvili, 2008) miuTiTebs, rom saxelmZRvanelos blokSi ,,dawere”,
weriTi davalebebi Setanilia, magram sxva rubrikebis davalebebic
SeiZleba werilobiT Sesruldes (8).
gaTvaliswinebulia weriTi saSinao davalebebi: aTpunqtiani
TxrobiTi gegmis Sedgena, nawarmoebis personaJebis mokle daxasiaTeba.
sami maTi azriT saukeTeso mxatvruli saxis amowera (28). Camoayalibon
daviT guramiSvilis Sexedulebebi swavla-ganaTlebaze, Seadaron
guramiSvilis didaqtikuri motivebi sulxan-saba orbelianis
SemoqmedebaSi gamokveTil aRzrdis principebs (saTauri - ,,ymawvili unda
swavlobdes”) (32). ,,davawerinoT moswavleebs araoficialuri da
oficialuri werilebi” (34). ,,davawerinoT moswavleebs avtobiografia,
46
vavarjiSoT isini dialogis weraSi” (36). saSinao davalebad Seasrulon
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli savarjiSo (67). daweron dRiurebi.
saxelmZRvanelos rubrika ,,mwerlis saxelosno” moicavs weriT
davalebebs, romelic xels uwyobs fantaziisa da SemoqmedebiTi unaris
ganviTarebas. moswavle varjiSobs sxvadasxva daniSnulebis teqstebis
Seqmnaze. magaliTad, fanjridan danaxuli xedis aRwera da
mkiTxvelisaTvis garkveuli ganwyobis Seqmna (55).
,,maswavleblis wigni“ iTvaliswinebs ,,weriTi namuSevrebis Sefasebis
swavlebas. gansazRvrulia Semowmebis kriteriumebi (Sinaarsi, dasabuTeba,
Txrobis organizeba, sintaqsi, leqsika, marTlwera, weris ostatoba) da
Sefasebis sqemebi, qulebis miTiTeba.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis yvela alternatiuli
saxelmZRvanelo imdenad kargi da misaRebia, rom arCevani Zalian Wirs.
ganxilul saxelmZRvaneloebs axlavs ,,maswavleblis wigni“, rac uTuod
didi daxmarebaa maswavlebelTaTvis da didi SenaZenia meTodikuri
TvalTaxedviT. maTSi gaTvaliswinebulia saswavlo gegmis samive
mimarTulebis ,,zepirmetyveleba”, ,,kiTxva”, ,,wera” _ gansazRvrulia
standartebis mixedviT saswavlo miznebis dasaxva, aqtivobebi, Sefaseba.
amasTan, dasanania, rom mimarTuleba ,,wera” ar aris iseTi
mravalferovani meTodebiT, strategiebiT, garkveulobiT warmodgenili,
rogorc mimarTuleba ,,kiTxva”. weriTi saxis samuSaoebi ZiriTadad
dagegmilia saSinao davalebad SesrulebisaTvis. sagakveTilo procesSi
weriTi davalebis Sesruleba gramatikasTan aris dakavSirebuli. saSinao
davalebis mosmena, ganxilva gakveTilze ver xerxdeba. ,,maswavleblis
wigni“ gvirCevs zogierTi mainc movasmeninoT, raTa moswavleebs
gauCndeT motivacia werisaTvis. saerTod ar dgas sakiTxi weriTi
davalebis Sesasruleblad weris strategiebis arCevisa, ar ganixileba
integrirebul swavlebaSi weris CarTva qarTuli enisa da literaturis
integrirebulad swavlebis procesSic ki.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebis
Sesabamisad mimdinare saqmianobis Sesaswavlad CavatareT kvleva.
kvlevis mizani: sagnobrivi saswavlo gegmis mixedviT mimdinare
saqmianobis \Seswavla da werisadmi damokidebulebis gansazRvra.
47
kvleva warimarTa ori mimarTulebiT:
a) uSualod saswavlo procesze dakvirveba;
b) werisadmi moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa damokidebulebis
anketuri gamokiTxvis analizi
I mimarTuleba:
kvlevis meTodi: anketis analizi, dakvirveba, gamoricxvis meTodi.
kvlevis Catarebis dro: 2009 wlis Tebervali.
kvlevis procedura saswavlo procesze dakvirvebisaTvis:
pilotirebuli klasebis gakveTilebze daswreba;
tradiciuli meTodebiT momuSave maswavlebelTa gakveTilebze
daswreba;
piradi gamocdileba.
kvlevis proceduraSi disertantTan erTad CarTuli iyo axalbeda da
gamocdili maswavlebeli. samive cal-calke aRwerda saswavlo procesis
msvlelobas, monacemebi gaanalizda erToblivad.
saswavlo procesze kvlevis procedura moicavda agreTve sagnobrivi
kaTedris im sxdomebze daswrebas, sadac ganixileboda qarTuli enisa da
literaturis swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
intervius kiTxvebi damoukideblad moamzades sagnis maswavleblebma,
sagnobrivi kaTedris gamgem da disertantma. gamoricxvis meTodis
gamoyenebiT SevarCieT saboloo varianti. gTavazobT nimuSebs:
saswavlo procesze dakvirvebisaTvis (ix. nimuSi #1)
sagnobrivi kaTedris sxdomaze daswrebisaTvis (ix. nimuSi #2).
nimuSi #1
saswavlo procesze dakvirvebisaTvis
saxeli, gvari ------------------------------------------------------
pedagogiuri saqmianobis xangrZlivoba ----------------------------------------
1. aqvs Tu ara gansazRvruli saswavlo miznebi moswavles?
maswavlebels?
2. ician Tu ara , romeli standarti aqvT misaRwevi?
3. ramdenad Seesabameba pedagogis strategia gakveTilis mizans?
4. sworadaa Tu ara ganawilebuli dro?
48
5. ramdenad eZleva moswavles azris Tavisuflad gamoTqmis, arCevanis
da Caweris saSualeba?
6. ramdenad motivirebulni arian moswavleebi?
7. ramdenad gamoiyeneba saswavlo da damxmare resursebi swavleba-
swavlisas?
8. aris Tu ara damoukidebeli muSaobis unarisa da kritikuli
azrovnebis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi garemo?
9. ramdenad naTladaa Camoyalibebuli davalebaTa instruqciebi?
10. gamoiyeneba Tu ara strategiebi weriTi amocanebis damoukideblad
gadaWris unar-Cvevis gansaviTareblad? (CawereT gamoyenebuli strategia).
11. SerCeuli aqtivobebi Seesabameba Tu ara moswavlis
SesaZleblobebsa da gamocdilebas?
12. ramdenad gasagebia moswavlisaTvis Sefasebis forma da
komponentebi?
13. rogor iyenebT weras integrirebuli swavlebisaTvis. daasaxeleT
magaliTi.
nimuSi #2
sagnobrivi kaTedris sxdomaze daswrebisaTvis
saxeli, gvari ------------------------------------------------------
pedagogiuri saqmianobis xangrZlivoba ----------------------------------------
1. aqvs Tu ara gansazRvruli saswavlo miznebi maswavlebels?
2. icnobT Tu ara moswavlis misaRwev standarts?
3. meTodurad gegmavs saswavlo process, icavs drois dadgenil
limits?
4. ramdenad uwyobs xels Tavisufali, Tbili, SemoqmedebiTi garemos
Seqmnas?
5. ramdenad uqmnis pirobas moswavles TviTrealizaciisaTvis?
6. ramdenad uwyobs weris kulturis ganviTarebas moswavleebSi?
7. ramdenad iyenebs saswavlo da damxmare resursebs weris procesSi?
8. icis, rogor daamyaros efeqturi komunikacia moswavleebTan?
9. ramdenad Tavdajerebulia da flobs sakuTar emocias stresul
situaciaSic ki?
49
10. avlens swavlebis sxvadasxva midgomebis codnas da iyenebs maT?
11. aqvs weris swavleba-swavlis sakuTari strategia da aRwevs maRal
Sedegebs.
12. SeuZlia weris procesis organizeba da dagegmva, ise, rom
miaRwios moswavleTa dainteresebasa da gaaqtiurebas.
13. ramdenad naTladaa Camoyalibebuli davalebaTa instruqciebi?
14. gamoiyeneba Tu ara strategiebi weriTi amocanebis damoukideblad
gadaWris unar-Cvevis gansaviTareblad (miuTiTeT gamoyenebuli
strategia).
15. SeuZlia moswavleebs SeurCios diferencirebuli davalebebi maTi
asakobrivi da pirovnuli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, xels uwyobs
TiToeuli maTganis winsvlasa da TviTdamkvidrebas?
16. ramdenad gasagebia moswavlisaTvis weris Sefasebis komponentebi
da kriteriumebi?
17. pozitiurad TanamSromlobs kolegebTan, mSoblebTan,
moswavleebTan da sazogadoebasTan.
1 8 . rogor xdeba sagnobrivi kaTedris mier weris swavleba/swavlis
koordinacia.
saswavlo procesze dakvirvebis Sedegebma cxadyo, rom saswavlo
procesSi sagnobrivi programebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad weris
strategiebis swavleba / swavlis ganxorcielebisaTvis mimdinareobs
saintereso saqmianoba, maswavleblebs warmatebuli Sedegebi aqvT
miRweuli, magram ar aris sistemuri midgoma, mkafiod ar Cans weris
standartebis misaRwevi saqmianoba, xSirad standartic ar aris
garkveuli, gansakuTrebiT moswavleTa mier. weriTi muSaobisaTvis saWiro
strategiebis gamoyeneba iSviaTia. ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli asakobrivi
SesaZleblobebi, moswavleebs gacnobierebuli ara aqvT erT saganSi
miRebuli codnisa da unaris sxva saganSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba.
II mimarTuleba:
kvlevis mizani: werisadmi moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa
damokidebulebis Seswavla.
50
kvlevis meTodi: orsafexuriani interviu.
kvlevis baza: baTumis #21 sajaro skola, demokratiis institutTan
arsebuli saswavlo centri ,,neo”.
disertantis, sagnobrivi kaTedris wevris, moswavlis mier Sedgenili
kiTxvarebis safuZvelze SemuSavda axali varianti, SeirCa standarti,
indikatori.
SefasebisTvis gamoyenebuli iyo Semdegi kriteriumebi: vsaWiroeb
gaumjobesebas, kargad, SesaniSnavad.
gverdi avuareT kriteriums _ ar SemiZlia). amgvarma midgomam
ganapiroba moswavleTa gulaxdiloba, ramac intervius sandoobis
xarisxi aamaRla.
kvlevisaTvis momzadda fokus-jgufebi. aT jgufSi or-ori wevri
gaerTianda. fokus-jgufebis wevrebs, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen
sakvlevi skolis XI-XII klasis aTi moswavle, xuTi pedagogiur
praqtikaze myofi studenti, ori staJiori maswavlebeli, sami sagnobrivi
kaTedris gamge. fokus-jgufebs CautardaT instruqtaJi intervius
Catarebis proceduris Sesaxeb, miewodaT intervius kiTxvebi. fokus-
jgufebma interviu Caatares erT skolaSi erTsa da imave dros.
gTavazobT intervius I safexuris kvlevis Sedegebs.
rogoria Tqveni damokidebuleba werisadmi _ vsaWiroeb
gaumjobesebas – 67 %, kargi 23%, SesaniSnavi _ 10%.
II safexuris intervius kiTxva _ I safexuris intervius Sedegebi ram
ganapiroba?
intervius monawileni igive respodentebi iyvnen. maTTan muSaobda
igive fokusjgufebi.
II safexuris intervius gaanalizebiT cxadi gaxda, rom Sedegebi
ganpirobebulia weris standartis, kompetenciis gaucnobierebulobiT.
weriTi muSaobis dros ar ician, konkretulad ras unda miaRwion da ra
saSualebiT, ician mxolod, rom unda weron ,,kargad” da ,,uSecdomod”.
zogjer standartis dasaxeleba SeuZliaT, magram rodis imuSavon mis
misaRwevad, ver sazRvraven. zogjer, piriqiT, ician, rogor weron, magram
ar ician risTvis, ra Sedegis misaRwevad. damoukideblad weriTi
samuSaos Sesruleba uWirT.
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ganaTlebis sabazo da saSualo safexurze qarTuli enisa da
literaturis saswavlo gegmis mixedviT mimdinareobs muSaoba, rig
maswavleblebs sakmaod mniSvnelovani warmatebebi aqvT miRweuli.
CavatareT kvleva, romlis mizani iyo sxvadasxva saganSi weriTi
davalebebis SesrulebiT misaRwevi standartisa da gamoyenebuli weris
strategiebis dadgena.
kvlevis meTodebi: dakvirveba, interviu.
kvlevaSi monawileobdnen VII-XII klasis 60 moswavle.
kvlevis procedura: sxvadaxva sagnis gakveTilebze daswrebiT
miRebuli monacemebisa da moswavleebis interviuebis SedarebiTi analizi.
kvlevis Sedegebi: yoveldRiurad moswavle TiTqmis yvela saganSi
asrulebs weriT davalebas, xSirad sakmaod didi moculobiTac.
moswavleebTan gasaubrebisas naTeli gaxda, rom isini naklebad fiqroben
romeli standarti aqvT misaRwevi. es qarTuli enisa da literaturis
gakveTilebisTvis miaCniaT saWirod. aris mcire gamonaklisi
maswavleblis mier instruqtaJis micemisa, magram saTanadod ver iyeneben
davalebis Sesrulebis procesSi.
kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT moswavleebs sxvadasxva saganSi
(humanitaruli jgufis) xSirad eZlevaT gakveTilze an Sin
damoukideblad samuSaod davaleba, romlis Sesasruleblad sWirdebaT
da iyeneben kidec qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze
Seswavlil strategiebs, magram es gaucnobiereblad xdeba da moswavleTa
CarTulobis xarisxi sasurveli ver aris. kidev ufro rTuli viTarebaa
Sin damoukidebeli samuSaos Sesrulebisas. arcTu iSviaTia SemTxveva,
roca davalebad eZleva mxolod Temis an savarjiSos dasaxeleba da ar
mieTiTeba, romeli strategia gamoiyenos, rac samuSaos Sesrulebis dros
axangrZlivebs, xolo interesi dabalia.
moswavleze orientirebuli swavlebis mixedviT, moswavle unda
flobdes im saSualebebs, riTac Sedegs miaRwevs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom weris strategiebis gamoyeneba mravalferovani ar
aris. uZneldebaT saswavlo miznis Sesaferisi strategiis SerCeva.
integrirebul swavlebaSi wera da misi SefasebisaTvis sistema
ganmaviTarebeli swavleba efeqtianad ver gamoiyeneba.
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Tavi II _ saswavlo procesis marTva weris zogadi kompetenciebis
miRwevisaTvis.
$ 1. weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra
kompetencia, SesaZlebloba, Cveva, unari xSirad urTierTSemcveli da
garkveuli xarisxiT urTierTgadamfaravi mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba.
TiToeuli maTgani ukavSirdeba adamianis miRwevis SesaZleblobebs.
,,kompetencia” laTinuri sityvaa da niSnavs sakiTxTa wyebas, romlis
jerovani codna moepoveba visme (ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 1989: 243). esaa
SesaZlebloba, ganaxorcielo kavSiri codnasa da situacias Soris,
miiRo Sesabamisi codna problemis gadasaWrelad.
,,kompetencia” aris codnaze, gamocdilebebze, Rirebulebebsa da
midrekilebebze dafuZnebuli saerTo unari, romelic ganaTlebisa da
TviTganaTlebis saSualebiT yalibdeba da ganapirobebs adamianis
socialur mobilobas” (z. cucqiriZe, n. orjonikiZe ,,ganaTlebis
Tanamedrove Teoriebi”, 2005: 107)
saswavlo sagnebSi, saganmanaTleblo programebSi aisaxeba akademiuri
kvalifikaciisTvis misaRwevi kompetenciebi. amrigad, termini
,,kompetencia” Semodis moswavlis, rogorc momavali studentis,
cnobierebaSi.
saSualo skolis saganmanaTleblo procesSi kompetenciis asaxvis
Sesaxeb Seqmnilia Sromebi ucxo enasa da fizikur kulturaSi, istoriasa
da humanitaruli ciklis sagnebSi (druJinina (2003), potaSkini (2002),
qsezonova (2001). xazgasmulia ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRlebaSi
kompetenciis miRwevis mniSvneloba.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT naSromSi gamoyenebulia termini
,,kompetencia”.
didaqtikuri principis Tanaxmad, swavleba gulisxmobs erT saganSi
miRebuli codnis gamoyenebas sxva saswavlo disciplinebSi (m. skatkini
(1981), i. lerneri (1982), v. cetlina (1982), l. zorina (1983)).
kompetenciebis miRwevaumaRlesi skolis yvela saganmanaTleblo
programis mizania da gansazRvrulia swavlebis sxvadasxva safexurze
yvela saswavlo saganSi. kompetenciebi iyofa dargobriv (dargisaTvis
53
specifikur) da zogad (transferul, yvela sferosTvis saerTo)
kompetenciebad.
amgvari midgoma gasaTvaliswinebelia saSualo skolaSi, romelic
umaRlesi skolis sastarto etapia da moicavs ganaTlebis sam safexurs:
dawyebiTs, sabazosa da saSualos. TiToeulis dasruleba fasdeba
qulebiT. Sefasebis Sedegebis mixedviT xdeba safexuridan safexurze
gadasvla. sagulisxmoa, rom saswavlo gegmebis SemuSavebis procesSi
2004-2006 wlebSi saskolo sistemaSi Semodioda kompetenciis cneba, magram
mkvidrad ar iyo dafuZnebuli.
kompetenciebis gansazRvra ganapirobebs safexuris warmatebiT
gavlaSi saswavlo sagnebis wvlilis mniSvnelobis amaRlebas.
standartebi inovaciuri SenaZenia, magram saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT
umaRles skolebSi moqmedebs kompetenciebze dafuZnebuli
saganmanaTleblo programebi, romelTa winapiroba saSualo skolis
saswavlo gegmaa (sagnobrivi programebi). daaxloebas xels Seuwyobs
kompetenciebze dafuZnebuli saSualo skolis programebi, romlis
Sesaqmnelad saukeTeso bazaa moqmedi standartebi da indikatorebi.
es problema Cveni kvlevis sagani ar aris, magram vvaraudobT, rom
kompetenciebze dafuZnebuli saSualo skolis saswavlo gegmebi
(sagnobrivi) programebi xvalindeli dRea.
saswavlo sagnis swavleba/swavlis axali midgomebi integrirebul
swavlebas da saganTa jgufebad dayofis zogadi da dargobrivi
kompetenciebis gansazRvras saWiroebs.
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolaSi swavlebis samive safexurze
damkvidrda integrirebuli swavleba.integrireba esaa harmoniul da
koordinirebul erTian mTlianobad gadaqceva. (Civil– enciklopediuri
leqsikoni). integrirebuli swavleba ki gulisxmobs erTisa da imave
disciplinis farglebSi arsebuli sagnebis an mimarTulebebis erT
sagnad swavlebas, erTgvar situaciaSi naswavlis sxvagvar, gansxvavebul
situaciaSi gamoyenebas (transfers) (leqsikoni ganaTlebis
specialistebisaTvis, 2007: 61).
pedagogiur, meTodur da fsiqologiur literaturaSi xSirad
gamoiyeneba terminebi: integrirebuli swavleba, integraciuli kursebi,
54
integrirebuli gakveTili da a. S. arsebobs specialuri samecniero
naSromebi pedagogikaSi, romelTa avtorebi cdiloben miscen
gansazRvreba pedagogiuri integraciis fenomens:
,,integracia es aris mecnierebaTa daaxloebis da SekavSirebis
procesi, romelic diferenciaciis procesebis mxardamxar xorcieldeba.
is warmoadgens saganTaSorisi kavSirebis maRali formis xarisxobrivad
ufro maRal safexurze ayvanas” (n. serdiukova, 2006.)
,,integracia – wamyvani forma ganaTlebis procesTa
organizaciisa, bunebis kanonebis erTobisa. esaa erTianobaze dayrdnobiT
subieqtis mier garemomcveli samyaros erTmniSvnelovnad aRqma” (g.
monaxova, 1997).
integracia saswavlo disciplinebis organulad dakavSirebuli
sistemaa, romelic agebulia Cven garSemo arsebuli samyaros analogiiT.
swavlebis am kursis Sedegad xdeba codnaTa daxvewa, sistematizacia,
unarTa ganzogadeba, yalibdeba garesamyaros erTianoba, miiRweva
pirovnebis mravalmxrivi ganviTareba.
pedagogiuri integracia ganixileba rogorc Tanamedrove swavlebis
mecnieruli stili. Sesaswavli obieqtis dakvirvebas moswavle ar axdens
gancalkevebulad. kavSiris damyareba azrovnebis procesebisa da
moqmedebebis sxvadasxva formebs Soris uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa
qmedebis erTianobas da sistematurobas.
,,mecnieruli gamokvlevebi fsiqologiisa da pedagogikis sferoSi
gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas, davamtkicoT, rom swavleba, romelic agebulia
integraciis ideebze, araTu SesaZlebelia, aramed aucilebelic.” (m.
mamasaxlisi, g. berZuliSvili _,,integrirebuli swavleba elementarul
skolaSi”, qsu Sromebi 2007: 213).
erovnuli saswavlo programa moiTxovs swavlebis amocanebis
warmodgenas integrirebuli, koordinirebuli saxiT. amdenad, am
SemTxvevaSi wamyvani principia sagnis (enisa da literaturis)
Sinaarsobrivi erTianoba. nebismier saganSi nebismieri tipis teqstis
Seswavlisas moswavle msgavsi amocanebis winaSe dgeba. magaliTad, man
unda daadginos, ra struqturisaa teqsti, ra Sinaarsis Semcvelia, ra
enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi aqvs mas, ra tipis strategiebi unda gamoiyenos
55
mis gasaazreblad, axali teqstis Sesadgenad da auditoriis winaSe
saprezentaciod. ase rom, enobriv-komunikaciuri unarebi gamWoli
xasiaTisaa – am unarebis daufleba moswavles nebismieri sagnis
aTvisebis procesSi sWirdeba.
integrirebuli didaqtika gulisxmobs swavlisas miRebuli
gamocdilebis urTierTdakavSirebas, moswavlis mier SeZenili
gamocdilebis gadatanis xelSewyobas erTi sagnidan meoreSi. aseTi
midgoma ganamtkicebs unarebs, amdidrebs gamocdilebas da zrdis
moswavleTa qmedunarianobas. integrirebuli swavlebis organizacia
iZleva saSualebas aCvenos bavSvs samyaro mTeli Tavisi
mravalferovnebiT, rac xels uwyobs mozardis pirovnebis emociur
ganviTarebas, SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis formirebas.
aRsaniSnavia, rom saswavlo saganTa integrirebis problema
pedagogikis mecnierebis kvlevis sagani iyo jer kidev gasuli saukunis
80-ian wlebSi. am mimarTulebiT Seiqmna sayuradRebo naSromebi saswavlo
saganTa dajgufebis Sesaxeb (l. zorina (1980); v. cetlina (1981); z.
grigorieva (1981); v. Juravliovi (1981)). maTi mosazrebiT, saganTa
dajgufebis umTavres safuZvels erTiani saswavlo problema, mizani da
Sedegebi warmoadgenda. kvlevis danergva ganapirobebda moswavleTa
gantvirTvas (eqvsi-Svidi sagnis nacvlad saSinao davalebad
mosamzadeblad eqneboda sami sagani), aamaRlebda gakveTilis
efeqturobas. magram gamoiwvevda saswavlo gegmebsa da maswavlebelTa
datvirTvaSi mkveTr cvlilebebs da kvlevis Sedegebma praqtikuli
ganxorcieleba ver hpova.
Tanamedrove saswavlo gegmiT, sadac mocemulia calkeul saganSi
misaRwevi standartebi, gaTvaliswinebulia integrirebuli swavlebis
gaZliereba, swavleba orientirebulia moswavleze, iqmneba pirobebi
zogadi da sagnobrivi (dargobrivi) kompetenciebis gansazRvrisaTvis.
pedagogiur gamocdilebaze dafuZnebiT migvaCnia, rom weris
kompetenciebis dasaufleblad integrirebuli swavleba, sasurvelia,
warimarTos sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT: a)sagakveTilo procesSi CarTviT;
b) klasgareSe muSaobiT; g)werisaTvis momzadebis procesSi Tu uSualod
werisas.
56
weris kompetenciis dasaxvewad mniSvnelovania werasTan
dakavSirebuli aqtivobebis CarTva arasagakveTilo muSaobaSi: sawreo
saqmianobaSi, sadamrigeblo programasa Tu integrirebuli
gakveTilisTvis momzadebis procesSi.
integrirebuli gakveTili gulisxmobs sagakveTilo procesSi sul
mcire ori sagnis monawileobas ise, rom maTi Serwyma saSualebas
iZleodes erTi da imave Temis irgvliv daigegmos da Catardes
samuSaoebi/aqtivobebi, romelTa SesrulebiTac integrirebuli sagnebis
saswavlo Sedegebi saTanadod iqneba miRweuli.
aseTi gakveTilis Catarebisas mniSvnelovania gaviTvaliswinoT
miTiTebebi, romelic SemoTavazebulia ,,irmis naxtomis” saitze
http://ict.dlf.ge/sagnebis-integrireba; sagulisxmoa sxva vebgverdebze (www.slideshare.net;
www.ganatleba.org; www.education.ge; www.mes.gov.ge; www.tpdc.ge; lemill.net)ganTavsebuli
gamocdileba pedagogebisa (n. nasyidaSvili, n. canava-miqelaZe, l.
goCaSvili, m. kapanaZe, i. avaliani, m. joxaZe, n. xaraZe, n. ozbeTelaSvili,
n. nozaZe, m. nozaZe, m. doborjginiZe, T. xuroSvili, g. baramiZe, c.
kurtaniZe, q. lomiZe da sxv.).
integrirebuli gakveTilebisTvis arCeuli Tema erTdroulad
ukavSirdeba yvela im sagans, romelic gakveTilSia CarTuli. aucilebeli
da Zalian mniSvnelovania xelmZRvaneloba erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT,
sadac swavlebis safexurebis mixedviT mocemulia informacia im
Sedegebisa da indikatorebis Sesaxeb, razec unda gadiodes saswavlo
procesis dros dagegmili da SerCeuli samuSaoebi/aqtivobebi.
mniSvnelovania, klasis, moswavleTa profilis, Zlieri da susti
mxareebis gaTvaliswineba.
warmogidgenT sagakveTilo procesSi saganTSorisi integraciis
dagegmvis etapebs:
1. sagakveTilo Tematikisa da partniori-maswavleblis SerCeva.
SesaZlebelia jer SeirCes Tematika da am Tematikis garSemo moxdes
gundis Semokreba, an piriqiT, maswavleblebis gundma gadawyvitos
integrirebuli gakveTilis ganxorcieleba da am mizniT SearCios
yvelasaTvis saintereso Tematika.
2. sagakveTilo Temis, klasis profilis, gakveTilis miznisa da
57
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sedegebis dazusteba.
es etapi iTvaliswinebs ramdenime tipis aqtivobas: gakveTilis
dagegmviswina analizs, dagegmvas da dokumentirebas. maswavlebelTa
gundi axdens nabij-nabij „gakveTilis gegma-scenaris“ punqtebis Sevsebas.
gakveTilis Tematikisa da samuSao jgufis formirebis etapidan ukve
cnobilia swavlebis safexuri da klasi, romlisTvisac igegmeba
gakveTil(eb)is Catareba, aseve, cnobilia integrirebuli sagnebi,
maswavleblebis vinaoba da klasSi moswavleTa raodenoba. gundis mier
xdeba am monacemebis asaxva „sagakveTilo gegma-scenaris“ Sesabamis
grafebSi.
maswavleblebis mier winaswar SerCeuli saerTo Tematikis
farglebSi TiToeuli sagnisaTvis, erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT
gansazRvruli misaRwevi Sedegebi amoirCeva da „sagakveTilo gegmis“
Sesabamis grafaSi Caiwereba. swavlis Sedegebi aris saorientacio
wertili gakveTilis miznebisa da aqtivobebis dagegmvisas.
amave etapze xdeba moswavleTa SesaZleblobebisa da saWiroebebis
gansazRvra gundis mier zogadad da individualurad - sakuTari sagnebis
mixedviT; analizis safuZvelze ikveTeba klasis Zlieri Tu susti
mxareebi, moswavleTa mdgomareoba da saWiroebebisa Tu problemebis
nusxa, romelTa gadalaxvac iqneba aucilebeli erovnul saswavlo
gegmaSi dasaxuli Sedegebis misaRwevad.
rekomendaciebis mixedviT (mamasaxlisi, berZuliSvili da sxv.),
SerCeuli saerTo Tematikis farglebSi, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
amorCeuli Sedegebis, moswavleTa SesaZleblobebisa da saWiroebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, xdeba gakveTil(eb)is bolosaTvis dagegmili miznebis
gansazRvra TiToeuli integrirebuli disciplinisaTvis individualurad.
sagnebis mixedviT gakveTilis bolosaTvis dagegmili miznebi iwereba
„sagakveTilo gegmis“ Sesabamis grafaSi erTmaneTis qveS.
sakuTari pedagogiuri gamocdilebis mixedviT, ukeTesi Sedegi
miviReT, roca werasTan dakavSirebiT integrirebul sagnebs erTi saerTo
mizani aqvs. magaliTad, teqstis anotaciis Sedgena, sakvanZo sityvebis
amowera, gamoTqmebsa da faqtebze komentaris gakeTeba.
3. dasaxuli miznebis miRwevisaTvis gansaxorcielebuli aqtivobebis
58
dagegmva.
gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis miRwevisaTvis umniSvnelovanesia
swori pedagogiuri strategiebis da efeqturi saswavlo aqtivobebis
SerCeva. maTi saSualebiT xdeba dasaxuli sagakveTilo miznis miRweva.
saswavlo aqtivobebis dagegmvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia ramdenime
faqtori:
• gakveTilis saswavlo mizani, romelic, Tavis mxriv, gamomdinareobs
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli sagnobrivi standartidan.
• klasis Semadgenloba.
• gakveTilis tipi (mimdinare, Semajamebeli..).
• pedagogiuri strategia.
1. varianti 1.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac erTi gakveTilis farglebSi ori an meti
sagnis swavleba mimdinareobs, saWiroa saswavlo aqtivobebi daigegmos am
sagnebis maswavleblebis mier erToblivad.
2. varianti 2.
Tu gakveTilebi tardeba cal-calke - maSin, aqtivobebic igegmeba
individualurad sagnebis mixedviT, Sesabamisi sagnis maswavleblis mier.
sasurvelia yvela aqtivoba dainomros Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT,
dasaTaurdes, ganesazRvros is qvemizani, romlis miRwevac igegmeba da
maqsimalurad detalurad aRiweros. aucileblad, unda mieTiTos dro,
romelic gankuTvnilia mis gansaxocieleblad. drois swori gansazRvra
umniSvnelovanesia gakveTilis warmatebuli ganxorcielebisaTvis. Tu
integrirebuli gakveTili moicavs gakveTilebis cikls, unda aRiweros
TiToeuli gakveTili cal-calke, erTmaneTis mimdevrobiT.
4. integrirebuli gakveTilis dagegmisas mniSvnelovania Sefasebis
sistemis efeqturi gamoyeneba.
5. gakveTilis sworაd dagegmisaTvis mniSvnelovania ganisazRvros
resursebi, romelTa gamoyenebac igegmeba gakveTilis msvlelobisas.
integrirebuli swavlebisas moswavleebi ukeTesad axerxeben erT
saganSi naswavli unarebis gadatanas meore saganSi. es ki
umniSvnelovanesi unaria (e.w. transferuli unari).
59
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis (sagnobrivi programebis) moTxovnebis,
kvlevis, piradi da mowinave maswavlebelTa gamocdilebis saswavlo
procesze dakvirvebis Sedegebis analizma daadastura varaudi, weris
zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvris aucilebloba.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavleba/swavlis procesSi weris
mimarTulebiT SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis sxva saganSi efeqturad
gamoyenebisaTvis SevadgineT weris is zogadi kompetenciebi, romelTa
gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia sxva saswavlo saganSi.
SeviswavleT zogadi da dargobrivi kompetenciebi Semdeg wyaroebSi:
.,,dublinis maxasiaTeblebi (deskriptori)”, evropuli kvalifikaciebis
CarCo (2005), Tuningis proeqtis Sedegebi (2007); saqarTvelos akademiuri
umaRlesi ganaTlebis erovnuli kvalifikaciis CarCo” (2009), gamokvlevebi
avtorebisa: z. cucqiriZe, n. orjonikiZe (2005); m. klasini (1995); g.
druJinina (2000); loueni (2006). internetwyaroebi: www.mes.gov.ge; www.tpdc.ge;
lemill.net; www.education.ge; www.ganatleba.org; http://itf2010.k12.ge/Microsoft Partners in Learning;
www.literatura.ge; http://gearnbeta.blogspot.com; http://junior.tsu.ge; www.slideshare.net;
http://www.nbuv.gov.ua; http://www.narcom.ru/ideas/socio/57.html; http://www.gollandia.com/EduB.htm;
http://sangu.ge/new/images/ganatlebis_xarisixis.jpg;
internetwyaroebSi mocemulia zogadi, dargobrivi, originaluri
kompetenciebis CamonaTvali da maxasiaTeblebi.
saSualo skolaSi kompetenciebis problemis gansazRvrisas SiSovi
da l. kalnei (1995) gvTavazoben sami donis ierarqiul kompetencias:
ZiriTadi _ zogadi ganaTlebis Sinaarsi;
saganTSorisi _ garkveuli sagnobrivi wre;
sagnobrivi _ konkretuli aRwerisa da SesaZleblobebis formireba
saswavlo sagnis CarCoSi.
mTeli cxovrebis manZilze swavlis unaris ganviTarebis
xelSemwyobad am ierarqiuli doneebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia saSualo
skolaSi. CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT misaRebi aRmoCnda saganTaSorisi
kompetenciebis done.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvris safuZvels qmnis:
a) erovnuli saswavlo gegma, romlis mixedviT saSualo skolis
saswavlo sagnebSi gamoiyofa eqvsi ZiriTadi jgufi. maTi gaerTianebis
mTavari mizania mravalferovani sagnobrivi sistematizacia. sagnobrivi
60
jgufebi Seicavs msgavsi miznebisa da Seswavlis sferoebis mqone sagnebs.
TiToeuli sagnobrivi jgufi iswavleba skolis samive safexurze
moswavlis mravalmxrivi ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad (erovnuli
saswavlo gegma. 2007: 19);
b) saganTa jgufSi gaerTianebuli sagnebis swavleba / swavlis
maRali xarisxis misaRwevad saWiro rogorc sagnobrivi, aseve zogadi,
saerTo miznebis misaRwevi Sedegebis donis gansazRvra;
g) im saSualebebis, meTodebis, strategiebis floba, romelic xels
Seuwyobs msgavsi miznebisa da Seswavlis sferos mqone saswavlo sagnebis
swavleba / swavlis xarisxis amaRlebas.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT gansazRvrulia weris zogadi
kompetenciebis nusxa, romelTa miRweva SesaZlebelia: a) saganTa jgufis
SigniT (qarTuli ena, qarTuli literatura); b) saganTa jgufebs Soris
(qarTuli ena da literatura, saqarTvelos istoria, saqarTvelos
geografia da sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebi; esTetikuri da SromiTi
aRzrda.
Cveni Tvalsazrisis Sesamowmeblad CavatareT kvleva.
kvlevis mizani: weris iseTi zogadi kompetenciebis SerCeva, romelic
gamosadegi iqneboda saswavlo saganTa jgufSi an jgufebSi msgavsi
saswavlo miznebis miRwevisa da saganTSorisi kavSiris
ganxorcielebisaTvis.
kvlevis monawile _ 75 pedagogi
kvlevis meTodi: gamoricxvis, statistikuri analizi.
kvlevis procedura: Cven mier Sedgenili weris zogadi kompetenciebi
gavacaniT kolegebs: sxvadasxva sagnis sertificirebul maswavleblebs,
axalbeda pedagogebs, staJiorebs, doqtorantebs, ganaTlebis doqtorebs,
veteran pedagogebs, romelTac didi da mdidari gamocdileba aqvT. maT
unda SeerCiaT xuTi-rva kompetencia, romlis miRweva sxvadasxva saganSi
saswavlo miznebidan da amocanebidan gamomdinare saWirod miaCndaT.
CavatareT ramdenime seminari, instruqtaJi, konsultacia. Y
kvlevis Sedegebi: yvela SeniSvna, kritika, winadadeba
gaviTvaliswineT da ganvsazRvreT weris zogadi kompetenciebi sabazo da
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saSualo safexurisaTvis.
informaciis mravalferovani wyaroebis gamoyenebiT wera;
naweris efeqturi organizeba;
dakvirvebis Sedegebis CaniSvna, Canawerebis da monaxazebis
gakeTeba;
weriTi metyvelebis, grafikebis, cxrilebis, diagramebis, sqemebis
gamoyeneba-gaanalizeba;
konceptualuri informaciis, Tezisebis amowera;
sakuTari azrisa da grZnobebis werilobiT gamoxatva;
problemis gadasaWrelad saWiro weriTi strategiebisa da
resursebis SerCeva, maTi gamoyeneba da efeqtianobis monitoringi;
gansazRvrul droSi wera;
sakvanZo sityvis SerCeva da imis mixedviT azris werilobiT
Camoyalibeba;
sxvadasxva saxis sakomunikacio werilebis Sedgena (informaciuli,
sakuTari Sexedulebebis gamomxatveli, problemis mosagvarebeli);
Tavisufali wera; ese;
weris formisa da stilis arCeva teqstis miznisa da auditoriis
gaTvaliswinebiT (samecniero, publicisturi, mxatvruli, oficialuri);
wera moulodnel Temebze, nanaxsa da gancdilze;
kritikuli Tvalsazrisis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba;
akademiuri wera;
werilobiTi angariSis momzadeba;
gegmis, scenaris, proeqtis dawera;
enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis gamoyenebiT wera;
sakuTari da sxvebis Semoqmedebis analizi, interpretireba;
recenzireba;
sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da weraSi miRwevebis swori Sefaseba;
prezentaciisaTvis moxsenebis momzadeba.
gaCnda problema: kompetenciis cnebis Semotana xom ar gamoiwvevs
moswavleTa gadatvirTvas, gaugebrobas. problemaSi garkvevisaTvis
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CavatareT kvleva.
kvlevis mizani: weris kompetenciis miRwevisadmi moswavleTa
damokidebulebis Seswavla (sagani – qarTuli ena da literatura).
kvlevis meTodebi: TviTSefasebis Skala, statistikuri analizi.
kvlevis monawileni: VII – XII klasis 120 moswavle. maT Soris 60
sabazo safexuridan, 60 _ saSualo safexuridan;
kvlevis procedura: TviTSefasebisaTvis sabazo da saSualo
safexuris moswavleebs klasebis mixedviT daurigdaT kiTxvarebi
sxvadasxva safexurisaTvis saerTo standartebis Sesabamisi kompetenciebi.
kiTxvari moiTxovda moswavleTa pasuxebs: a)miTiTebul kompetenciebs
flobdnen SesaniSnavad, b)kargad, g)saWiroebdnen daxmarebas ama Tu im
kompetenciis gansaviTareblad.
sagulisxmoa, rom gamokiTxvisas dawesebuli iyo drois limiti.
kvleva Catarda sagnis maswavleblebTan erTad.
kiTxvarebSi mocemuli iyo saswavlo gegmis standartebiT
gansazRvruli kompetenciis dasaxeleba da TviTSefasebis Skala Semdegi
monacemebiT: kargad _ SesaniSnavad _ vsaWiroeb daxmarebas.
warmogidgenT erT-erTi kiTxvaris nimuSs:
weris formisa da stilis arCeva teqstis miznisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT (samecniero, publicisturi,
mxatvruli, oficialuri);
vsaW
iroeb
ganviTar
ebas
kargad
Ses
aniS
navad
klasi VII
vwer werils sadac vurCev Tanatolebs, rom
aucileblad waikiTxon Cem mier mowonebuli wigni;
vwer wakiTxuli wignis anotacias sxvadasxva (avtoris,
gamomcemlis, mkiTxvelis) poziciidan;
vwer misaloc an mosawvev baraTs sxvadaxva
adresatisaTvis (megobris, nacnobis, asakiT ufrosi
adamianisaTvis).
wers sareklamo teqsts sxvadasxva
auditoriisaTvis(bavSvebisa da didebisaTvis)
vwer erTsa da imave istorias bavSvebisa da
ufrosebisaTvis;
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vwer werils megobars, wignis avtors, personaJs,
gamoCenil adamians, Sesabamisad vcvli weris stils.
klasi VIII
viyenebiseTsaSualebebs(mag.: mwerlis,
sazogadomoRvawisgamonaTqvamebis/mosazrebebisdamowmeba,
mimarTvisanemociisgamoxatvisformebidasxva),racSeesabameba
auditoriasadamiznebs
auditoriis asakisa da codnis gaTvaliswinebiT
vaformeb teqsts
vwer konkretul problemaze sxvadasxva poziciidan
da sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis (mag.: skolaSi arsebuli
problemuri situaciis Sesaxeb vwers mSoblis, Tavad
moswavlis, direqtoris da a. S. poziciidan);
warmovadgen problemuri sakiTxis Sesaxeb
informacias sxvadasxva mizniT (darwmunebis, TanagrZnobis
gamowvevis motiviT...)
klasi IX
werisas viTvaliswineb auditoriis asakobriv,
socialur, kulturul fons
auditoriisaTvis SevarCev teqstis tips
(literaturuli narkvevi, mimarTva, werili, rekomendacia,
veb-gverdi, ese da a. S.), vcdilob naweris Sinaarsidan
vupasuxo SekiTxvebs
konkretuli miznis mixedviT vcvli teqstis tips,
gadamyavs erTi tipis teqsti meoreSi (mag.: angariSis
teqsts vayalibeb TxrobiT teqstad);
auditoriis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT SevarCev
sxvadasxva damarwmunebel / damainteresebel saSualebas
(iumors, paralels, mogonebas...)
klasi X
werisdawyebamdevazustebmizansdaauditorias
(risTvisvwer: TviTgamoxatvis, msmenelisinformirebis,
darwmunebisTumxatvrulinawarmoebisSeqmnismizniT;
virCevmiznisadaauditoriisTvisSesaferisstils (mag.:
TunaweriCemiTanatolebisanmaTzeumcrosebisTvisaagankuTvn
ili, virCevsaubrisstilsdamisSesatyvisleqsikas;
sakonferencioTemisaTvisakademiurstilsdasxva);
varCev da viyeneb wyaroebs miznisa da auditoriis
gaTvaliswinebiT;
gadmomaqvs warsul epoqebSi Seqmnili cnobili nawarmoebis fabula Tanamedrove epoqaSi da vTxzav
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siuJets axali socialuri da istoriuli konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT (mag.: ,,Tanamedrove mgzavris werilebi”);
klasi XI
weris dawyebamde ganvsazRvrav mizans, auditorias da
amis Sesabamisad virCev strategias
vwer sainformacio xasiaTis mimoxilvas sxvadasxva asakis, interesebis, codnis donis da a. S. auditoriisaTvis;
vwer eses SemoqmedebiTi TviTgamoxatvisaTvis, ganwyobilebebis, STabeWdilebebis, emociebis da a. S. gadmosacemad.
vwer pirad da oficialur werilebs saTanado modelebis gamoyenebiT da viyeneb saTanado dargis profesiul terminologias;
vwer saswavlo RonisZiebebis oqmebs RonisZiebebis angariSs;e. w. CV-s.saTanado sqemisa da standartis gamoyenebiT;
ganvarCev da Sesabamisi enobriv-gramatikuli saSualebebis gamoyenebiT werilobiT teqstSi warmovadgens sxvadasxva xasiaTis masalas: informacia, komentari, prognozi, varaudi, eWvi.
Savad Sesrulebis Semdeg gadavamuSaveb nawers (gadavxedav kritikuli TvaliT; amoviReb, Cavamateb, gadavaadgileb imis mixedviT: aris Tu ara saTqmeli logikurad dalagebuli, aris Tu ara Sesavali da daskvna efeqturi, aris Tu ara kavSiri winadadebebsa da abzacebs, teqstis calkeul nawilebs Soris, miesadageba Tu ara saTaurs)
klasi XII
sxvadasxvasaxisteqstisaTvis (referati, gamokvleva, analizi) vagebmiznobrivsqemas (raarisCemimizani? ramasalasgamoviyenebmiznismisaRwevad? rogoriiqnebaCeminawerisformati? rasaxisproblemebiSeiZlebaSemeqmnasmuSaobisasdarogorSemeZlebamaTidaZleva?)
saTanadodviyenebfunqciurstilTaSesaZlomonacvleobaskontaminaciuriteqstisfarglebSi, rocaerTmaneTsenacvlebaTxroba, msjeloba, aRwera;
icavssamecnieronaSromisformats: sakvlevisakiTxi, misSesaxebarsebuliliteraturis (Tvalsazrisebis, Sexedulebebis) mimoxilva, moswavlismierCatarebulikvlevisSedegebi, romelsaceyrdnobanaSromisZiriTadiTvalsazrisi, daskvna.
kvlevis dawyebamde CavatareT konsultacia kompetenciis raobis
Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia, rom moswavleebma, romlebic muSaoben axali
65
programis Sesabamisad, advilad gaiges kompetenciis Sesaxeb informacia.
gTavazobT kvlevis Sedegebis erTian analizs: moswavleTa 11%-ma
upasuxa, rom kompetenciebs floben ,,SesaniSnavad”, 28%-ma _ ,,kargad”, 61%-
ma _ ,,vsaWiroeb daxmarebas”. moswavleTa damokidebuleba weris
kompetenciis miRwevisaTvis dadebiTia.
maswavlebelTa damokidebulebis kvleva.
kvlevis mizani: maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba qarTul enasa da
literaturaSi miRweuli weris kompetenciebis sxva saganSi
gamoyenebasTan mimarTebisadmi.
kvlevis monawileebi: qalaqis 48, soflis 32 sxvadasxva sagnis
maswavlebeli.
kvlevis procedura: internetis meSveobiT vTxove kolegebs SeevsoT
kiTxvari. respodentebis SerCeva moxda maTi surviliT. monacemebi
Segrovda oTxi kviris manZilze, Semdeg gaanalizda disertantisa da
kaTedris ori wevris mier. orive monacemebis Sejerebis Semdeg gakeTda
daskvna.
kvleviskiTxvari:
1. ramdenad SesaZleblad migaCniaT, weris kompetencia aswavloT ise,
rom moswavleebma igi gamoiyenon sxva saganSi;
2. ramdenad misaRebia TqvenTvis sxva saganSi miRebuli weris
kompetenciis gamoyeneba Tqveni sagnis saswavlo miznis misaRwevad?
3. Tqveni gamocdilebiT, rogor ganaviTarebT moswavleTa mier sxva
saganSi dauflebul weris kompetencias Tqvens saganSi?
4. ramdenad mniSvnelovnad migaCniaT weris kompetenciebis roli
integrirebuli swavlebis ganxorcielebisaTvis?
kvlevis Sedegebi:
1. qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavleblebi profesiul
ostatobad miiCneven, Tu SeZleben, rom moswavle daauflon weris im
kompetencias, romelic sxva saganSi gamoadgebaT;
2. sagnis maswavleblebi Tvlian, rom, Tu moswavle saswavlo
procesSi flobs im kompetencias, romelic sWirdeba weriTi davalebis
Sesrulebas, es zogavs dros gakveTilze da met saSualebas qmnis
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refleqsiisaTvis.
3. maswavleblebi aRniSnaven, rom weris kompetenciebis gamoyeneba
gansakuTrebiT efeqturad miaCniaT monaTesave saganTan Tu sxva ciklis
saganTan integrirebuli swavlebis dros.
amdenad, weris kompetenciebis gansazRvra xels uwyobs saswavlo
mizniT dasaxuli amocanis gadawyvetas, drois efeqtianad gamoyenebas
dagegmili Sedegis misaRwevad. igi sasargeblo aRmoCnda rogorc
moswavleebis, aseve maswavleblebisTvis.
$ 2. weris swavleba/swavlis gakveTilebi
weris kulturisdasaxvewad swavleba, sasurvelia, warimarTos
sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT, _ werisaTvis momzadebis procesSi Tu
uSualod werisas, sagakveTilo Tu klasgareSe muSaobaSi,sawreo
saqmianobasa da sadamrigeblo programiT gaTvaliswinebul aqtivobebSi.
Tumca weris swavleba/swavlis umTavresi forma, rasakvirvelia,
gakveTilia.
saswavlo procesi es aris maswavleblisa da moswavlis
mizanswrafuli saqmianoba arcodnidan codnisaken, swavleba/swavlis
sasurveli Sedegis miRebisaTvis. sityva ,,procesi” laTinuri sityvaa da
niSnavs raime movlenis Tanmimdevrul monacvleobas, ganuwyveteli
moZraobis erTianobas. (ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 989: 415)
saswavlo process axasiaTebs saganmanaTleblo, aRmzrdelobiTi da
ganmaviTarebeli funqcia. (a. gobroniZe, 2000: 144)
saganmanaTleblo funqcia gulisxmobs mecnieruli codnis
SeTvisebas, specialuri da zogadi saswavlo unarisa da Cvevebis
Camoyalibebas. specialuri unar-Cvevebi moicavs dargobriv saswavlo
saganSi arsebul specifikur unar-Cvevebs, swavlebis procesSi
moswavleebi euflebian, agreTve, zogad unar-Cvevebs.
aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia gamomdinareobs saswavlo programis
Sinaarsidan da meTodebidan. igi vlindeba zneobriv da eTikur
Sexedulebebsa da damokidebulebebSi, Sromismoyvareobasa da
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aqtiurobaSi, Seswavlilis praqtikulad gamoyenebis survilSi.
ganmaviTarebeli funqcia vlindeba saswavlo procesSi pirovnebis
gonebriv, inteleqtualur da zneobriv winsvlaSi, sensoruli aRqmis,
nebelobiTi, emociuri da motivaciuri sferos gaumjobesebaSi.
saswavlo procesis samive funqcia praqtikaSi xorcieldeba
maswavleblisa da moswavleTa saqmianobis Sinaarsis sworad warmarTviT,
swavlebis meTodebis saSualebebis SerCeviT, SefasebiTa da
TviTSefasebiT, gakveTiliT da klasgareSe formebis gamoyenebiT.
sagulisxmoa prof. iuri bibileiSvilis mier klasikuri pedagogiuri
memkvidreobisa da mowinave pedagogiuri gamocdilebis safuZvelze
Seqmnili sqema, ,,romlis mixedviT TvalsaCinod warmoCindeba sikeTe
ganmaviTarebeli swavlebisa da dromoWmuloba tradiciuli swavlebisa,
romelic ar iwvevs ganviTarebas. swavlebis es ori sistema gulisxmobs:
a) swavleba informaciis doneze→daswavla cnebebis doneze→Sefaseba
mexsierebis doneze; b) swavleba Ziebis doneze→daswavla gancdis
doneze→Sefaseba azrovnebis doneze. swavleba informaciis doneze
SezRudulia Sinaarsis gadmocemiT. sruliad sxva suraTs vxedavT
moazrovne maswavleblis gakveTilze” (i. bibileiSvili, `swavlebis
funqciebi”, rsu Sromebi, t. XI, 2008: 191).
saswavlo procesis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani mecnieruli Sexedulebebi
arsebobs. pirvelad mecnieruli dasabuTeba mocemulia ian amos komenskis
,,did didaqtikaSi”. igi swavlebis process, mis struqturas, principebsa
da meTodebs ganixilavs, rogorc damokidebulebas bunebis kanonze da
misgan warmoebuls.
sayuradReboa jon diuis (1952) ,,moqmedebis pedagogikaSi”
ganviTarebuli mosazreba, sadac saswavlo procesis sayrden punqts
warmoadgens siZnelis SegrZneba, romelic gaivlis Semdeg etapebs:
siZnelis SegrZneba, misi aRmoCena da gansazRvra, misi gadawyvetis
SesaZlo Canafiqris wamoyeneba, daskvnis formulireba, romelic gamodis
SemoTavazebuli gadawyvetilebebidan (hipoTezis logikuri Semowmeba),
Semdegi dakvirveba, romelic uflebas iZleva miviRoT an uarvyoT
daskvna, romelic moicavs dadebiT da uaryofiT mtkicebas.
aRsaniSnavia, rom jon diuis ideebis mixedviT, aSS-Si Seqmnilia
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skola-laboratoriebi, sadac sxvadasxva qveynis specialistebis mier
periodulad xdeba dagrovili gamocdilebis gacnoba, gaziareba. maT
Soris iyvnen ganaTlebis departamentis wevrebi: lela TavdgiriZe, nana
makaraZe. diuis laboratoriebSi Tvlian, rom sworad agebul saswavlo
procesSi iqmneba situacia, sadac moswavleebi TviTon gadawyveten
amocanas, romelic dakavSirebulia individualur davalebasTan,
moTxovnasa da interesebTan. amgvari gageba daexmareba moswavleebs
sxvadasxva siZnelisa da problemis gadawyvetaSi, mudmivad gaafarToebs
da ganaviTarebs Tavis gamocdilebas.
sainteresoa istoriul-pedagogiuri midgoma, romlis Tanaxmad,
saswavlo procesSi bavSvis ganviTareba xdeba marTvadi socialuri
procesi, rac uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa mier kacobriobis istoriuli
gamocdilebis sxvadasxva sferos Sefasebas.
sayuradReboa sakuTriv pedagogiuri anu didaqtikuri midgoma,
romelic warmoaCens codnis aTvisebis etapebs, winaswar gansazRvruli
saswavlo procesis msvlelobisas (saswavlo masalis aRqma, misi
gaazreba-ganmtkiceba, praqtikaSi gamoyeneba).
saswavlo procesis fsiqologiur midgomaSi mraval SexedulebaTagan
aRsaniSnavia lev vigodskis Teoria ganmaviTarebeli (,,axlobeli”) zonis
Sesaxeb. ganviTarebis erTi zonidan saswavlo procesSi pirovneba
gadadis ganviTarebis momdevno uaxles zonaSi da ase Semdeg mTeli
cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi. (bela gomelauri, mamuka TavxeliZe, 2002)
saswavlo procesis didaqtikuri midgoma gulisxmobs pirovnebis
individualuri srulyofis kanonzomierebaTa da codnis progresis
ganviTarebis urTierTdamokidebulebas (l. zorina, 1978)
am mcire mimoxilvidanac naTlad Cans, rom saswavlo procesisadmi
sxvadasxva midgomis miuxedavad, erTiani da mniSvnelovania, rom
saswavlo procesi emsaxurebodes moswavlis ganviTarebas.
maswavleblis upirvelesi amocanaa swori midgomis misadageba, raTa
moswavlem weris procesSi iswavlos wera.
wera, zogadad, SemoqmedebiTi procesia da misi swavlebisas ar aris
mizanSewonili im midgomis gamoyeneba, romelic detalurad uxsnis
moswavleebs, romel nabijs ra unda mohyvebodes. ar arsebobs weris
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erTaderTi swori gza. weris gamocdilebasTan erTad TandaTanobiT
gamovimuSavebT naSromis agebis sakuTar stils.
werisas gasaTvaliswinebelia daCqarebuli swavlis principebi,
romelic SemoTavazebulia damxmare saxelmZRvaneloSi ,,swavlebisa da
swavlis axali midgomebi”, 2003: 19:
swavla aris axlis Seqmna da ara informaciis dagroveba;
moswavlisa da maswavleblis TanamSromloba xels uwyobs swavlis
process;
swavlis procesSi CarTulia rogorc goneba, aseve sxeuli,
sxvadasxva SegrZneba erTdroulad;
swavla qmedebisa da ukukavSiris procesSi mimdinareobs;
dadebiTi emociebi aumjobesebs swavlis Sedegs;
warmosaxvis saSualebiT goneba swrafad da avtomaturad iTvisebs
informacias.
weris procesSi sasurvelia moswavleebs mivceT swavlis stilis
Sesatyvisi formis arCevis SesaZlebloba. swavlis stili Semdegnairad
ganisazRvreba:
holisti _ akeTebs mTlian mimoxilvas, Tu ra unda iswavlos da ra
gadawyvetileba unda gamoitanos mTliani suraTis Seqmnis da ara
detalebis ganxilvis Sedegad;
analitikosi _ detalurad ganixilavs saswavlo masalas da nawil-
nawil mihyveba, swavlobs mas;
mWevrmetyveli – swavlobs sityvebis, werisa da laparakis
saSualebiT, misTvis advilia citatebis gageba da gamoyeneba;
warmosaxvis unaris mqone _ advilad swavlobs suraTebiTa da
diagramebiT. mas urCevnia teqstis gaxleCa da sqematuri ideebis
Camoyalibeba, romlebic pirdapir kavSirSia mTavar ideebTan.
maswavleblebis mier ganmaviTarebeli swavlebis meTodebis aqtiurma
gamoyenebam moswavleTa saswavlo aqtivobebis mizanmimarTulma
warmarTvam SedarebiT ukeTesi aRmzrdelobiTi da ganmaviTarebeli
Sedegi mogvca, vidre tradiciuli struqturiT da meTodebiT
Catarebulma gakveTilma.
aRsaniSnavia, rom weris problemebi odiTganve iyo mecnierTa da
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praqtikos maswavlebelTa kvlevis sagani. maTi naSromebi qmnian
safuZvels im axali midgomebis ganxorcielebisa, romelsac reforma
moiTxovs. magaliTad, weris procesis bolo etapis, naweris Sesworebisas
akaki Tofuria gvirCevs, ,,mokle frazebiT aRvniSnoT moswavlis
namuSevris saerTo maCvenebeli: ,,gegmianoba ar Cans”, `azrobrivad
Raribia”, `frazebi Warbobs”, ,,faqtiuri masala ar ici” da sxv. aseTi
xerxi gazrdis pasuxismgeblobas moswavleebSi da ufro Rrmad Caaxedebs
maT TavianTi naklovanebebis arsSi.” (a. Tofuria ,,qarTuli literaturis
swavlebis meTodika”, Tbilisi, 1991)
v. a. suxomlinski dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebSi SemoqmedebiTi
weris unaris gansaviTareblad gvTavazobs weris swavlebis tradiciul
meTods: sanimuSo Txzulebis miwodebas, poeturi Semoqmedebis kiTxvas,
romelTa gacnoba, gameoreba gaaRviZebs moswavleebSi sakuTari poeturi
Tu prozauli Txzulebis Seqmnis survils. ,,Semoqmedeba TavisiT ar
ewveva bavSvebs, igi unda aswavlo. bavSvi mxolod maSin dawers
Txzulebas, roca maswavleblisagan moismens bunebis aRweras. bavSvebi
imeorebdnen Cems Txzulebebs da Semdeg TandaTanobiT gadadiodnen
maTTvis amaRelvebeli bunebis suraTebis aRweraze... roca moswavleebi
moxiblulni iyvnen bunebis simSvenieriT, vukiTxavdi leqsebs”. (1980: 214).
gasaziareblad migvaCnia, agreTve, Cikagos universitetis profesor
j. hiloqsis (kvlevebi Txzulebebze, 1986)mier SemoTavazebuli oTxi
midgoma weris procesis swavlebisa:
1. prezentacia – maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rogoria kargi
naweri da mohyavs magaliTebi:
magaliTisaTvis mogvaqvs am midgomis gaTvaliswinebiT Catarebuli
aqtivoba SemoqmedebiTi weris ganviTarebisaTvis: I. ...gareT Tovs.
monitorze vaCvenebT citatebs: `movida Tovli da soflis gzebsa da
orRobeebSi TeTr umtvero sufrasaviT daego da daefina. saxlis
saxuravebi morTo TeTrad, TiTqo Zalze garecxili Cadrebi gadaafarao...
jer uwminduri da murtali fexi adamianisa ar mohxvedria da ar
gaucodvianebia es ucodveli Tovli.” (ilia WavWavaZe) `o, rogor miyvars
iisfer Tovlis qalwulebiviT xididan fena... Tovs, amnair dRis xarebam
lurji da daRaluli fifqiT damTova” (galaktion tabiZe); `TeTri
71
daTviviT movida Tovli da mxarze uxmod dagvado TaTi, TeTri fifqebi
cviodnen TrTolviT Cven ar gvesmoda CurCuli maTi” (vaxuSti
kotetiSvili); ,,me axla mxolod am TovliT vcxovrob, maTovs da maTovs
TeTri vardebi da rogorc Seni dumili, Tovlic savsea TrTolviT da
JruanteliT” (oTar WilaZe); `muSaobs TeTri xelTaTmanebiT, raTa
waSalos mindvris simwvanis, mTebis silurjis da nakadulis qurdobis
kvali” (tariel Wanturia).
II. moswavleebi qmnian Canaxatebs mSvenierebis aRqmis, sityvis
emociur-esTetikuri niuansebis grZnobis, sakuTari gancdebis safuZvelze.
gTavazobT Sesrulebuli davalebis erT-erT nimuSs piradi praqtikidan:
leila abaSiZe (IX kl.) TovliT motan ili fiqrebi
Tovs... aTovs dedamiwas... Cemi samSoblo TeTri sudariT imoseba... suli meyineba... TovaSi SemoWrili arili akiafebs liloWrels...
qveyana Wrelia... sinamdviles vucqer TvalebSi da, ase mgonia, rom adamianebs ar uyvarT erTmaneTi. gveliviT sisinebs boroteba. Cveni qveyana saTareSod aqvs uamrav flids Tu mparavs da yovelive amas pirjvariT faravs. rac mters gadaurCa, moyvarem mogvispo... ise makvirvebs da maocebs qarTvelis gulgriloba, rogorc agvistoSi mosulma Tovlma SeiZleba gagvaocos! xalxi sulierad gaRaribda. daRonda suli mZafri gancdebiT...
Tovs... Tvalebi cremliT mevseba... samagieros rom ver gadavuxdi gamamwarebels, guls mxolod imiT vijereb, rom
v w y e v l i . . . gana samSoblos moRalate wyevlis Rirsi araa?! cxel gulze yvela iwyevleba... vin var axla me? kudiani, mawyevari adamiani, Tu, ubralod, samSobloze usazRvrod Seyvarebuli gogona, romelsac amdeni siavis moTmena aRar unda?!
vcdilob xelis gulze davisva fanteli, minda mivesiyvarulo da vuTxra, rom vaZlev uflebas daipyros Cemi miwis, Cemi gamzrdeli ezos guli, magram fanteli male dneba da xelisgulze darCenil mis cremls Cemic emateba...
,,mtkiva, aba ar mtkiva?! miWirs, aba ar miWirs?! Sewyda wminda taZrisken mimavali nabiji”.
mainc ar vkargav imeds, rom CvenSi kidev gaiRviZebs namdvili qarTuli suli... imedi maqvs aRar gaagrZelebs gzas evropis gavliT wamosuli gaucxoebis seni! Cemo amayo ero, vici, ar giyvars naklis aRiareba! magram Tu ar dainaxe, ar aRiare Secdoma, verc aRmofxvri SenSi fesvebgadgmul uaryofiT Tvisebebs. gevedrebi, daiviwye Seni kudabzikoba, moinanie Secodebani Senni da gqondes imedi, rom yvelaferi gamoswordeba.
dedamiwas Tovli uyvardeba, kalTaSi isvams qarSi mofarfate TeTr fifqebs. cxovreba rTulia. Cveni misiaa, davicvaT Cveni adamianuri Rirseba, Tavi paikad ar
vigrZnoT da RvTis boZebuli saCuqari, sicocxle Cveni, rigianad movixmaroT. Tavs saqmiT gamoviCen, samSoblos sanTlad davenTebi da mamuls vaJkacebs davuzrdi.
amova mze da Tovli dadneba, cremlebad daiRvreba. dedamiwas didxans eqneba sveli kalTa am cremlebiT... gava dro. dedamiwas Seuxorcdeba Wriloba da Tovliscremlebidan aRmocenebul ias Caixutebs gulSi. dedis cremlebzec xom ia amodis?! Tovlic iasaviT spetaki da dedasaviT sayvarelia.
bolomde davixarjoT keTili saqmeebisTvis. gariskvis ar meSinia, mizans mivaRwev, lelos gavitan, Tu davecemi, wamodgomasac movaxerxeb. ar minda kurdReliviT guli miTrTodes, minda mjerodes sakuTari Tavis, ar minda damarcxeba vigemo cxovrebasTan brZolaSi. ara, ver SeZlebs, argamarTleba ver damjabnis!
axla Tovs. aTovs Cems fanjaras... mec viZirebi fiqrTa TovaSi da arili
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meimedeba... velodebi mzes, siTbos da siyvaruls... ,,male momidi, gazafxulo”...
2. bunebrivi procesi – maswavlebeli avarjiSebs moswavleebs Tavisufal
weraSi, rogorc individualurad, aseve jgufurad;
maswavlebeli aZlevs moswavleebs Semdegi saxis davalebebs:
dawere 10 wuTSi Sen mier SerCeuli erT-erTi Tema: Cemi skola; qarTuli
tradiciebi; Cemi sayvareli saqme da sxv.
daasrule, Seavse an mocemuli sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis gamoyenebiT
Seadgine moTxroba;
dawere idea, Seavse amxanagis azri da gadaeci dasasruleblad meores;
gadmoeci sakuTari emocia. gTazobT am davalebis nimuSs piradi
gamocdilebidan:
Tornike gurgeniZe (XI kl.)
,,...cxovreba xanmoklea, erTi damTqnarebaa, nerwyvis gadaylapvaa...mivCerebivar saaTs,
yurs vugdeb mis wikwiks... midis da miaqvs Tan wami, wuTi, weli, Tve, saukune, saaTi!!!
viRacisTvis dRem daiTvala bolo wuTebi... daudga dro...
vcdilob, ar vugdo yuri gulisTqmas, davmalo tkivili, naRveli Cemi... minda
Cavwvde im sevdian, Sededebul tkivils Cems sulSi, ase rom mawvalebs, gavaSiSvlo es
umweo guli, tkivilisagan ganawamebi, savse uimedobiT.
ra aris sicocxle? ra gvelis sicocxlis Semdeg? risTvis vibrZviT? ra gvinda? kiTxvebi bevria, pasuxebi varaudebs efuZneba mxolod...
sicocxle _ Tvalis gaxela... swavla... megobrebi... Sroma... daRla... SiSi _ grZnob sicives, xedav, raRac Seicvala... raRacas xvdebi... eguebi... miqela Tu gabrieli, – celiT? ara ,,kalaSnikoviT“ xelSi, Sexeuli jinsebiT... sisxli meyineba... vvardebi qvesknelSi... veZeb haers...
Tvals vaxel... sxeulSi suli, gulSi ki cecxli... xelisgulze cxovrebis
fermkrTali, swori da utexi xazi. gulSi Cqari, mSvidi da feTqebadi pulsi, romelsac
mivyavar me sixarulisken. mivyavar da miaqanebs Cems cxovrebas. yoveldRe cvlileba,
imedi, gancda, sixaruli da mizani!
mixaria is, rom var, varsebob da myavs...”
3. koncentrirebuli praqtika _ maswavlebeli struqturirebul
davalebebs aZlevs moswavleebs, raTa maTi yuradReba weris garkveul
aspeqtebs miapyros.
erTi sagnis, movlenis, faqtis Sesaxeb dawereT sainformacio,
samecniero, mxatvruli teqsti.
dawereT informaciuli, mxardamWeri, damarwmunebeli, opoziciuri,
problemis mosagvarebeli, Txovnis, mokiTxvis, sakuTari azris
gamomxatveli werili, an kidev, erTi saxis werili miswereT sxvadasxva
adresats.
mocemuli biografiuli cnobaris mixedviT dawere am mwerlis
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biografia. gamoiyene enobrivi konstruqciebi _ . . . –mde . . –iT adre; . . .
–dan . . . –is Semdeg (mag. Cabarebidan ori wlis Semdeg . . ). sityvebis
minimaluri raodenobaa _ 130.
mocemul suraTze dayrdnobiT Seadgine ambavi da gadmoeci
werilobiT _ ra xdeboda suraTis gadaRebamde ori saaTiT adre da ra
moxda mis Semdeg. daazuste personaJTa vinaoba, daaxasiaTe isini,
gadmoeci ambebi, miuTiTe movlenaTa Tanamimdevroba, dro da adgili.
minimaluri dro _ 5 wuTi.
4. unarebi – maswavlebeli weris process komponentebad hyofs da
moswavleebs am komponentebze, yvelaze erTad an TiToeulze cal-
calke avarjiSebs.
weris procesis komponentebia: 1. weris wina etapi; 2. wera; 3. naweris
Sesworeba/gadakiTxva.
TiToeuli komponentSi gamoiyofa qvekomponentebi. magaliTad, am
midgomis Tanaxmad, moswavleebs vavarjiSebT komponentze _ naweris
Sesworeba/gadakiTxva.
naweris wakiTxva Txzulebis logikurobis dadgenis mizniT;
naweris wakiTxva sityvebisa da frazebis Semowmebis mizniT (anu
imisaTvis, davadginoT, ramdenad sworad aris SerCeuli esa Tu is fraza);
naweris wakiTxva imis Sesamowmeblad, ramdenad sworadaa
SeTanxmebuli TiToeuli Semasmeneli qvemdebaresTan;
naweris wakiTxva punqtuaciisa da marTlweris Semowmebis mizniT.
hiloqsis kvlevebis mixedviT yvelaze efeqturi aRmoCnda weris
procesis aTvisebisaTvis midgoma, romelic koncentrirebuli praqtikis
saxeliTaa moxseniebuli _ maswavlebeli moswavleebs procesis
komponentebsa da qvekomponentebs warmoudgens da struqturirebuli
davalebebiT swored konkretul komponentze an qvekomponentze akeTebs
aqcents. mag.: maswavlebelma moswavleebs SeiZleba sTxovos Txzulebis
momzadeba, romlis weris drosac moswavleebma yuradReba makavSirebeli
frazebis efeqturad gamoyenebaze unda gaamaxvilon. (robert j. marzano,
debra j. fiqeringi, jein i. foloqi, `efeqturi swavleba skolaSi”,
Tbilisi, 2009: 173)
problemebis ukeT warmoCenis mizniT werasTan dakavSirebul
74
sakiTxebs ganvixilavT saswavlo procesis organizaciis iseTi nacadi
formis mixedviT, rogoricaa gakveTili. saswavlo procesisadmi
sxvadasxva Sexedulebebisa da midgomebis miuxedavad, gakveTili mainc
rCeba swavlebisa da aRzrdis organizaciis ZiriTad formad.
weraSi arsebuli problemebis aRmosafxvrelad mniSvnelovania
gakveTilis tipis sworad SerCeva. gasaTvaliswinebelia sagnis
Taviseburebebi, Sesaswavli masalis xasiaTi, moswavleTa asaki, klasis
Semadgenloba, inteleqtualuri SesaZlebloba, gamosayenebeli meTodebis
efeqturoba.
mTavari didaqtikuri miznis mixedviT gamoiyofa gakveTilis
sxvadasxva tipebi, romelTa Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani gamokvlevebi arsebobs.
gakveTilis klasifikacia mecadineobis Catarebis xerxis mixedviT
moicavs Semdeg saxeebs: gakveTili_leqcia, gakveTili_saubari, gakveTili-
eqskursia, kino-gakveTili, klasSi moswavleTa damoukidebeli muSaobis
gakveTili, praqtikuli mecadineobis gakveTili.
mTavari didaqtikuri miznis mixedviT gamoiyofa gakveTilis Semdegi
tipebi: kombinirebuli anu Sereuli gakveTili, axali codnis gadacemis
gakveTili, Seswavlili masalis ganmtkicebis, ganzogadebis gakveTili,
codnis, unarisa da Cvevebis Sefasebis gakveTili.
Taviseburad sainteresoa gakveTilis tipebi n. p. guzikis (n. p. guziki,
,,vaswavloT swavla”, moskovi, 1981.) mixedviT, romelSic Sedis: Temis
saerTo ganxilvisa da Seswavlis meTodika; seminaruli mecadineoba,
sadac xorcieldeba individualuri muSaoba Seswavlil masalaze;
codnis ganzogadebisa da sistematizaciis gakveTili, e. w. Tematikuri
CaTvlebi: saganTa Soris masalis ganzogadebis gakveTili (Tematuri
davalebis CaTvlis gakveTili; gakveTili-praqtikumi).
cnobili didaqtikosebi i. a. lerneri da m. n. skatkini gakveTilis
struqturebidan gamomdinare gamoyofen Semdeg tipebs: axali masalis
gadacemisa da aTvisebis gakveTili; codnis gamoyenebis, unarisa da
Cvevebis formirebis gakveTili; codnisa da unaris SemoqmedebiTad
gamoyenebis problemuri gakveTili; ganmazogadebeli, ganmeorebis,
codnisa da unaris sistematizaciis gakveTili; sxvadasxva elementebis
Serwymis gakveTili.
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akad. d. lorTqifaniZe gamoyofs gakveTilis Semdeg tipebs: axali
masalis gadacemis, kombinirebuli; gameoreba-ganzogadebis; codnis
Semowmeba-Sefasebis gakveTilebi.
konkretuli gakveTilis struqtura ganisazRvreba misi tipiT,
saswavlo sagnis TaviseburebiT, Sesaswavli masalis xasiaTiT,
moswavleTa asakobrivi TaviseburebebiT, zogjer ki ama Tu im klasis
moswavleTa konkretuli SemadgenlobiT.
gakveTilis mizanma, Sinaarsma SeiZleba gvikarnaxos misi iseTi
agebuleba, roca gakveTilis etapebi erTdroulad wyveten ramdenime
didaqtikur amocanas, isini struqturulad dayofili arian sxvadasxva
TanmimdevrobiT da drodadro erwymian erTmaneTs. (a. gobroniZe,
,,pedagogika”, 2000.)
XX saukunis 60-70 wlebSi Catarda Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli
kvlevebi, ris Sedegadac dadginda ganmaviTarebeli swavlebis
mimarTulebebi, SemuSavda problemuri swavlis meTodebi, problemuri
gakveTilis modeli. aRniSnulis safuZvels warmoadgenda l. vigodskis, s.
rubinSteinis, g. skatkinis, i. lerneris, d. uznaZis Teoriuli da
praqtikuli rekomendaciebi.
didaqtikuri swavlebis umTavres amocanad mortimer adleri (1972)
miiCnevs karg axsnas, romlis mTavari komponentebia: didaqtikuri
swavleba, wvrTna, sokratuli swavleba. (,,ganviTarebisa da swavlis
Teoriebi”, 2008: 203). am meTodebs Tavisi Teoriis WrilSi ganixilavs
devid perkinsi (2007). didaqtikuri swavlebaSiadleri gulisxmobs
maswavleblisa Tu teqstis saSualebiT moswavlisaTvis informaciis
naTlad miwodebas, axsnas. am procesis saSualebiT SegviZlia vupasuxoT
kiTxvebs: ra, sad da ratom.
wvrTna. mas Semdeg, rac maswavlebeli moswavleebs informacias
miawvdis, icvleba misi roli da igi xdeba erTgvari mwvrTneli. sportul
mwvrTnelTan metafora tyuilad ar aris SerCeuli. igi akvirdeba da
mimarTulebas aZlevs Tavis moswavleebs; aRniSnavs maT siZlieres,
gamoavlens sisusteebs, icis, konkretulad ra kuTxiT sWirdebaT ufro
meti varjiSi.
sokratuli swavleba. didaqtikuri swavlebisas moswavleebs
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veubnebiT, ra unda gaakeTon, maT gzasa da mimarTulebas vuCvenebT. am
SemTxvevaSi bavSvebi konkretul kiTxvebze pasuxebs swavloben.
sokratuli swavlebis dros ki maswavlebels ara aqvs mza pasuxebi, igi
problemur kiTxvas svams da moswavleebs sTxovs, dafiqrdnen. kiTxvebi
SeiZleba zogadi iyos: ras fiqrobT am sakiTxze? rogoria Tqveni
pozicia? maswavlebeli cdilobs, ise gamoiyenos kiTxvebis dasmis
meTodi, rom bavSvebi problemis gadawyvetamde TviTon mividnen.
sayuradRebo da Tanamedrove skolisTvis saintereso gamokvlevaa
imer basilaZisa da leila abzianiZis ,,gakveTili, rogorc pedagogiuri
fenomeni” (qsu, 2009). wigni gvTavazobs gakveTilis uaxles formebs, sadac
ganxilulia gakveTilis organizaciasTan dakavSirebuli axali
midgomebi, maT Soris swavlebis interaqtiuli strategiebi gakveTilze,
aqtiuri swavlebis danergvis safuZvlebi gakveTilze, gakveTilis
didaqtikuri modeli.
gakveTilis dagegmvis variantebs gvTavazoben kvalifikaciis
asamaRlebel treningebze, sxvadasxva klasis saxelmZRvaneloebis
Tanmxleb ,,maswavleblis wignSi”, maswavlebelTa profesiuli
ganviTarebis erovnuli centris saitze www.tpdc.ge, damxmare
saxelmZRvaneloebSi (swavlebisa da swavlis axali midgomebi, 2003 da
sxv.). SevCerdiT formatze, romelic SemoTavazebulia damxmare
saxelmZRvaneloSi ,,swavleba da Sefaseba” (n. dalaqiSvili, 2008. 69).
saswavlo miznebi
saswavlo miznebi gamoxataven imas, rasac swavlis procesSi unda
mivaRwioT, anu ra codna da unar-Cveva unda SeiZinon moswavleebma. mizani
unda ukavSirdebodes saswavlo gegmis Sedegebs.
winapirobebi
aRwereT ra unda icodes da risi gakeTeba unda SeeZlos moswavles,
rom gakveTili iyos warmatebuli.
gakveTilis mimdinareoba
rogor iwyebT gakveTils? rogoria gakveTilis mimdinareoba? ra
aqtivobebi gaqvT dagegmili? rogoria maTi Tanamimdevroba? miznis
misaRwevad ras gaakeTebT Tqven da ras gaakeTeben moswavleebi? rogor
daasrulebT gakveTils?
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moswavleebis organizeba
rogor vamuSaveb moswavleebs individualurad, wyvilebSi, jgufebSi
Tu mTel klasTan erTad? rogor mivusadagebT samuSaos maT
SesaZleblobebs.
drois ganawileba
romel aqtivobas ramden wuTs davuTmob?
resursebi
ra mWirdeba iseTi, rac damexmareba saswavlo procesis efeqtianad
warsamarTad? ra tipis resursebs gamoviyeneb (saxelmZRvanelos,
Jurnalebs, statiebs, samuSao furclebs, telefilmebs, internets da a.S.
damatebiTi aqtivobebi
codnis gansamtkicebeli aqtivobebi _ saSinao davaleba an momdevno
gakveTilisTvis dagegmili mcirexniani aqtivoba.
Sefaseba
ra moqmedebis Sesruleba unda SeZlos moswavleebma imisTvis, rom
vicodeT, mivaRwieT Tu ara mizans?
TviTSefaseba
ra iyo gakveTilze kargi, risi gaumjobesebaa sasurveli? ra
gsurdaT da ras miaRwieT?
weris swavleba/swavla aisaxeba gakveTilis dagegmvis scenarSi.
gakveTilis dagegmvisaTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia:
moswavleTa motivaciis amaRleba;
moswavleTa interesis gaTvaliswineba;
arCevanis saSualeba;
mravalferovani meTodebis, strategiebis gamoyeneba;
urTierTndobis, keTilganwyobis, mwvave konkurenciis gamoricxvis,
mSvidi atmosferos Seqmna.
daxmareba moswavleebisadmi warmatebuli Sedegis miRwevaSi;
maswavleblis saubris xangrZlivoba ar sWarbobdes moswavlisas;
aqtivobebSi moswavleTa CarTvis pirobebis Seqmna;
drois efeqtianad gamoyeneba;
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moswavleTa gadatvirTvis Tavidan acileba;
Sefasebis miRweuli SedegiT sixarulis gancda.
ganvixilavT gakveTilze weris Semdeg variantebs:
I. wera CarTulia gakveTilis msvlelobis dagegmvaSi;
II. gakveTilis erT-erTi mizania weris kompetenciebze daufleba
strategiebis gamoyenebiT.
III. gakveTilis mizania weris kompetenciis miRweuli donis Sefaseba
(Semajamebeli wera).
IV. wera saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas.
saskolo praqtikaSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesaswavlad CavatareT kvleva.
kvlevis mizani: skolis praqtikaSi gakveTilze dagegmvisa da
ganxorcielebisaTvis gankuTvnili drois dadgena.
kvlevis meTodebi: interviu, sagakveTilo procesze dakvirveba,
monacemTa daxarisxeba, analizi.
kvlevis monawileni: baTumis #21 sajaro skolis da internetsaitiT
VII-XII klasis moswavle da maswavlebeli surviliT.
kvlevis procedura:
internetsaitze ganvaTavseT Txovna epasuxaT humanitaruli ciklis
sagnebis mixedviT Semdeg kiTxvebze:
1. ramden dros uTmobT gakveTilze weras?
2.uTmobT Tu ara mTlian sagakveTilo dros weris strategiebis
swavleba/swavlas?
3. ramden dros uTmobT gakveTilze weris Sefasebas?
4.ramden dros uTmobT weras saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas?
igive kiTxvebis mixedviT ganvaxorcieleT sagakveTilo procesze
dakvirveba. amaSi gvexmarebodnen kaTedris wevrebi.
kvlevis Catarebis dro: 2010 wlis oqtomberi.
kvlevis Sedegebis analizi: internetsaitze gamogvexmaura ocamde
skolis VII-XII klasis 65 moswavle da 36 maswavlebeli, dakvirvebis
procesSi monawileobda 26 moswavle da 12 maswavlebeli. sul 81
moswavle da 48 maswavlebeli. maT Soris qarTuli enisa da literaturis
sagans ganekuTvneboda 46 moswavle da 29 maswavlebeli, 35 moswavle da 19
maswavlebeli warmoadgenda sxvadasxva sagans (istoria, geografia,
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xelovneba, samoqalaqo ganaTleba).
monacemTa daxarisxebiT Sedegebi erTmaneTs uaxlovdeboda, amitom
warmogidgenT erTian analizs:
I. gakveTilze weras eTmoba 5-6 wuTi: qarTuli enis, samoqalaqo
ganaTlebis gakveTilebze. sxva SemTxvevaSi iSviaTad 3-4 wuTi.
II. weris strategiebis swavleba/swavlas mTliani sagakveTilo dro ar
eTmoba 3 gamonaklisis garda.
III. gakveTilze weris SefasebisaTvis dro dagegmili ar aris, iyo
weris SefasebisaTvis dros-2 wuTis gamoyofis 5 SemTxveva.
IV. saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas weras eTmoba 60-65 wuTi _
qarTuli ena da literatura, istoria, 20-30 wuTi _ geografia,
xelovneba, 10-15 wuTi _ samoqalaqo ganaTleba.
kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas weras
eTmoba yvelaze meti dro.
kvlevis miRebulma Sedegebma ganapiroba kvlevis meore etapis
ganxorcieleba.
kvlevis mizani: moswavleTa mier Sesrulebuli weriTi samuSaos
saxeebis da daniSnulebis garkveva.
kvlevis meTodi: interviu, saubari.
kvlevis monawileni: igiveni, vinc pirvel etapze.
kvlevis procedura: internetsaitze ganvaTavseT kvlevis pirveli
etapis Sedegebi da vTxoveT epasuxaT kiTxvebze: ras weren gakveTilze,
ras weren Sin, ra mizniT weren, ra daniSnuleba aqvT maT nawers. igive
kiTxvebiT dialogi gavmarTeT baTumis #21 sajaro skolis
moswavleebTan.
kvlevis Sedegebis analizi: moswavleebi gakveTilze weren
savarjiSoebs, iweren dafidan, weren jgufebis muSaobis Sedegebs. saSinao
davalebis Sesrulebisas weren kiTxvebze pasuxebs, mokle Sinaarss,
gegmebs, Temebs, iweren enciklopediidan an sxva wyaroebidan masalebs.
weris gakveTilze maswavleblis miTiTebis Sesrulebis mizniT weren.
saSinao davalebis Sesrulebis gareSe maRal qulas ver miiReben,
gakveTilze ver movlen, Tumca maTi Sesrulebuli davaleba xSirad ar
xdeba Sefasebis sagani.
80
kvlevis Sedegebis orive etapis analizis mixedviT saWirod miviCnieT
gakveTilis dagegmvaSi mkafiod agvesaxa weriTi saqmianoba oTxive
variantis gaTvaliswinebiT.
dagegmvisaTvis SevarCieT praqtikaSi gavrcelebuli gegma-scenari,
romelic mcire moculobisaa, moicavs mizans, Sesabamis aqtivobas, drois
ganawilebas, resursebs, Sefasebis kriteriumebs.
gegma-scenari miuTiTebs, ra moxdeba gakveTilze. maswavlebeli
situaciis Sesabamisad cvlis mas. gegma-scenaris Sedgenisas
gasaTvaliswinebelia: moswavleTa codnis done, Sesaswavli masala,
motivacia, resursebis momzadeba, Sefasebis kriteriumebis gansazRvra,
ras gaakeTeben moswavleebi gakveTilze. gamocdileba cxadyofs, rom
efeqturia Tavdapirvelad saswavlo miznebis da Sedegebis gansazRvra,
Semdeg Sesabamisad aqtivobebis, resursebis, drois dagegmva.
piradi gamocdilebisa da kvlevis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
kolegebTan SeTanxmebiT SevimuSaveT gakveTilis gegma-scenaris formebi,
romlis gamoyenebam efeqturi Sedegi mogvca, rac gamoixata SemdegSi:
moswavleebma ukeT gaacnobieres weriTi samuSaos daniSnuleba,
gauadvildaT saSinao davalebis Sesruleba. warmogidgenT gakveTilis
gegma-scenaris nimuSebs:
I varianti
wera CarTulia gakveTilis msvlelobaSi
sagani qarTuli ena da literatura
klasi VIII
TariRi --------------------
maswavlebeli --------------------
gakveTilis Tema Wabua amirejibi -,,mose zamTaraZis naambobi”
(nawyveti roman ,,daTa TuTaSxiadan”)
gakveTilis
miznebi da
Sedegebi
garkveuli Tvalsazrisis Semcveli teqstis wakiTxva;
wera konkretul sakiTxze saTanado argumentebis
moxmobiT
gakveTilis
msvleloba /
saklaso
menejmenti
I. gamowvevis faza
saerTo saklaso samuSao (5 wT)
fragmentebis Cveneba filmidan;
II. Sinaarsis realizebis faza
wyviluri samuSao (7 wT)
81
a) markirebuli kiTxva: gamoyaviT teqstSi adgilebi,
sadac mJRavndeba mTxrobelis damokidebuleba
naambobisadmi;
saerTo saklaso samuSao (8 wT)
b) diskusia: ra Tvalsazrisis Semcvelia wakiTxuli
teqsti?
III. refleqsiis faza
individualuri samuSao (12 wT)
wera (Temas irCevs moswavle):
a) msjeloba: ratom irqmevs seTuri sxvadasxva saxels?
b) STabeWdilebis gadmocema: ,,vin iyo da ra iyo es
qali...”;
g)aRwera: asineTis portreti (kinofilmidan,
nawarmoebidan).
individualuri samuSao (10 wT)
dialogi _ gamoxate sakuTari damokidebuleba: ,,fiqrebi
teqstis gacnobis Semdeg”.
individualuri samuSao (3 wT)
saSinao davaleba:
a) waikiTxeT teqstis II nawili;
b) amoiwereT teqstidan moses an daTas Tvalsazrisi
da gaakeTe komentari werilobiT.
Sefasebis
komponentebi
swrafi kiTxvis unari; konkretul sakiTxze argumentebis
moxmobiT sakuTari damokidebulebis werilobiT gamoxatva
saganmanaTleblo
resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, kompiuteri, proeqtori, furclebi.
II varianti
gakveTilis erT-erTi mizania weris strategiebze daufleba
sagani qarTuli ena da literatura
klasi VII
TariRi --------------------
maswavlebeli ...
gakveTilis Tema ana kalandaZe- `modioda nino mTebiT”
gakveTilis
miznebi da
Sedegebi
poeturi Janris nawarmoebis mxatvruli kiTxva;
wakiTxul mxatvrul nawarmoebze gamoxmaurebis
dawera
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gakveTilis
msvleloba /
saklaso
menejmenti
I. gamowvevis faza saerTo saklaso samuSao (5 wT)
videoCanaweris Cveneba: `kiTxulobs ana kalandaZe”;
II. Sinaarsis realizebis faza
individualuri samuSao (10 wT)
konkursi ,,erTi leqsis mxatvruli kiTxva”
individualuri samuSao (10 wT)
wera: `roca pirvelad movismine leqsi ,,modioda nino
mTebiT”. instruqtaJi: gancdilisa da mosmenilis Cawera.
individualuri samuSao (5 wT)
weriTi namuSevrebis prezentacia
wyviluri samuSao (5 wT)
wera: leqsiT gadmocemuli istoriuli ambis Sefaseba
mecnierulad _ ,,miiRes naTeli da Tayvaniscema wmidisa
jvarisai” da mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT _ ,,poeziis eniT”.
III. refleqsiis faza
,,saavtoro skami”_ gamarjvebuli weriTi namuSevris
gamovlena _ (8 wT)
saSinao weriTi samuSao: Txzuleba ,,magram rwmena
avalebda raodens” _ (2 wT)
Sefasebis
komponentebi
leqsis ritmisa da emociuri ganwyobis gadmocema;
leqsiT gamowveuli gancdebis werilobiT gadmocema
leqsis Sefasebisadmi sakuTari damokidebulebis
Cawera
saganmanaTleblo
resursebi
saxelmZRvanelo, kompiuteri, proeqtori,
videoCanaweri, furclebi, prizi.
III varianti
gakveTilis mizania weris miRweuli donis Sefaseba
sagani qarTuli ena da literatura
klasi IX
TariRi --------------------
maswavlebeli ...
gakveTilis Tema weris kultura
gakveTilis
miznebi da
Sedegebi
moswavleTaA weriTi kulturis Zlieri da susti
mxareebis gamovlena
83
gakveTilis
msvleloba /
saklaso
menejmenti
saerTo saklaso samuSao (5 wT)
gonebrivi ieriSi: ,,ras weren moswavleebi?”
individualuri samuSao (10 wT)
weriTi davaleba arCeviT:
1. sayvareli nawarmoebis, kinofilmis, speqtaklis mokle Sinaarsi;
2. sakvanZo sityvebis gamoyenebiT ambis SeTxzva; 3. nawarmoebis personaJis daxasiaTeba; 4. ,,me vfiqrob, rom...” wyviluri samuSao (10 wT)
recenziis dawera _ moswavleebi gaasworeben
erTmaneTis namuSevrebs. recenzias waikiTxaven xmamaRla.
aRniSnaven Zlier da sust mxareebs.
jgufuri weriTi samuSao (SemfasebelTa SeniSvnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT): 10 wT
1. stumrad otia ioselianTan; 2. nawarmoebis ori personaJis SedarebiTi daxasiaTeba; 3. moTxroba mkiTxvelisaTvis; 4. ,,saiT midian Rrublebi” individualuri samuSao 7 wT
prezentacia
wyviluri samuSao 3 wT
Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba
Sefasebis
kriteriumebi
Tema pasuxobs saTaurs; azri Cawerilia mkafiod,
Tanmimdevrulad, gamoxatulia avtoris damokidebuleba;
daculia drois limiti; gamoyenebulia mdidari leqsika,
gamovlenilia Temis codna; daSvebulia orTografiuli
da stilisturi Secdomebi.
saganmanaTleblo
resursebi
saxelmZRvanelo, kompiuteri, proeqtori, videoCanaweri,
furclebi, prizi.
IV varianti
wera saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas
sagani qarTuli ena da literatura
klasi IX
TariRi --------------------
maswavlebeli ...
gakveTilis Tema vfiqrob galaktionis leqsze ,,qebaTa qeba
nikorwmindas”
84
saswavlo
amocanebi
gakveTilze miRebuli codnis gamoyeneba sxva situaciaSi;
mxatvruli nawarmoebis mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatvisaTvis wyaroebis gamoyeneba
aqtivobebi
I. weriTi samuSaos gegmis Sedgena _ 5 wT galaktion tabiZis leqsiT ,,qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas”
gamowveuli sakuTari gancdebis aRwera;
II. amonaridebis analizi: _ 15 wT g. tabiZe ,,vinac gaigebs CuqurTmas qarTuls, is poezias
Cemsas gaigebs”;
r. siraZe ,,saxismetyveleba qarTul CuqurTmaSi”;
gr. robaqiZe ,,galaktion tabiZe da misi ,,qebaTa qeba
nikorwmindas”.
III. nikorwmindas (foto da videomasalis) xilviT gamowveuli STabeWdilebis Cawera _ 5 wT
IV. weris Temisa da stilis arCeva: _ 5 wT
werili ucxoel megobars;
Tema sakontrolo werisaTvis;
wera CemTvis. V. Savi naweris redaqtireba; _ 20 wT VI. TviTSefaseba; _ 5 wT VII. saboloo variantis gadawera_ 10 wT
saganmanaTleblo
resursebi
saxelmZRvanelo, g. tabiZe ,,qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas”;
r. siraZe ,,saxismetyveleba qarTul CuqurTmaSi”;
gr. robaqiZe ,,galaktion tabiZe da misi ,,qebaTa qeba
nikorwmindas”; kompiuteri, foto da videomasala
nikorwmindaze, furclebi,.
TviTSefaseba
naweris TemasTan Sesabamisoba; wyaroebis analizis
unari; Canaweris sicxade; avtoriseuli gancdebis
gadmocema; sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva
gakveTilis gegma-scenari SevadgineT erTi semestrisaTvis. igi
miewodaT moswavleebs, ramac xeli Seuwyo silabusiT gaTvaliswinebuli
saqmianobis ukeT gagebas.
amgvari midgoma gansakuTrebiT efeqturi gamodga saSinao davalebis
SesrulebisaTvis. amaRlda davalebis Sesrulebis interesi, xeli Seewyo
weriTi samuSaos Zlieri da susti mxareebis gamovlenas. magaliTad, VII
klasSi susti mxare aRmoCnda leqsikis simwire, sityvebi xSirad
gasagebad da mxatvrulad ver gamoxatavda saTqmels.
susti mxaris dasaZlevad sasargeblo aRmoCnda nino gordelaZis
85
(2006) mier Sedgenili wigni ,,qarTuli ena da samyaro”, romelSic
dajgufebulia SinaarsiT axlomdgomi sityvebi da SeZlebisdagvarad
warmoCenilia mniSvnelobaTa Soris msgavseba-gansxvaveba. qarTuli
,,leqsikis Tanmimdevroba pirobiTad bibliur qmnilebaTa rigs aris
Sefardebuli: dRe-Ramis mosdevs cis, wylis, xmeleTis, cxovelTa rigi.
saleqsikono nawils gzadagza erTvis qarTvel mkvlevarTa sagulisxmo
varaudebi” (gordelaZe, 2006: 4).
I. Tema `dRe-Rame” _ ,,da ganwvala RmerTman Soris naTlisa da
Soris bnelisa da uwoda RmerTman naTelsa dRe da bnelsa uwoda Rame.
da iqmna mwuxri da iqmna ganTiad dRe erTi” (biblia, ,,wigni dabadebisa”).
davaleba 1. amowereT ganmartebani sityvebisa: dRe, Rame, bindi,
bindbundi, dilabindi, dilabneli, dilaRamiani, dilauTenia, sisxam dila,
dilaadrian, ciskari, gaciskreba, riJraJi, SeiriJraJa, alioni, inaTla,
dafioni, aisi, ganTiadi, gaTeneba, SuadRe, mewamuli daisi, mosaRamovda,
saRamos bindi, Sebindeba, SeRameba, bindi daeSva, bindi Camowva, bindi
daifina, mwuxri Camodga, daisRame, wyvdiadi, ukuneTi Rame, luskumi Rame
(guriaSi), wkvarami (imereTi), mTvariani Rame, mziani Rame (n. dumbaZe),
criati (Rrubliani dRe-sulxab sabas mixedviT), iisferi mwuxri, SuadRis
oqrosferi, dilis laJvardi, SuaRamis mrume, mTvaris vercxliT naferi,
libri, yuryumi, kunapeti).
davaleba 2. amoiwereT qarTuli nawarmoebebidan winadadebebi,
romelSic gvxvdeba dRisa da Ramis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. magaliTad,
,,rom gaTendeba dila mziani da yofel bindsa is gananaTlebs”. (n.
baraTaSvili); ,,dRis saswori Ramea”; ,,iriJribanda, ciskari suls hlevs,
TandaTan hqreboda” (vaJa-fSavela); ,,Rame gamoeTxova qveyanas, erTi kalTa
cisa aixada” (i. WavWavaZe); `...Cumad vSli wignebs, sarkeebSi Cumad
Tendeba”; `iriJraJa Tu ara, alisferma sinaTlem Rrublebs gadauara” (g.
tabiZe); dila aris cis laJvardida mzis sxiviT imoseba” ( xalxuri);
`oqroSi gadamdnari dilis feri” ( g. leoniZe); mze mTas mifara da haers
bindi Seeria” (j. qarCxaZe); `ra qajeTs Sexda, qmniliyo oden bind-bindi
bnelia” (rusTaveli); ,,mrume Rame daswoloda TvalSeuvleb taramals” (k.
gamsaxurdia); ,,gavida Rame, miaskdeba kars ganTiadi” (p. iaSvili).
davaleba 3. airCieT Tema da dawereT 150 sityviani Txzuleba an ese:
86
,,sawuTros Jini Seigno, dRe-Rameoba Jamisa” (vaJa)
yovel cismare dRes ciskarze daiZvreba mze”;
amodis, naTdeba”;
mziani Ramis sixaruli da sevda.
davaleba 4. weriTi namuSevari recenziisaTvis gadaeci megobars da
warmoadgineT gakveTilze prezentaciisaTvis.
II. sityva ,,wyali” xatovani sityva-TqmebSi. davaleba: ganmarte _
wyali gadagasxes, Tvals wyali daalevina, pur-wyali, wyali nagubarSi
Cadga, wyaliviT icis, wylis mnayveli, wyali Seudga, wylis aRma
Sebruneba, wylidan mSralad amosvla, wylis amTvreva, wylis gaRma
yofna, wyali waiRebs, wyals scris, wyali gadauwura.
III. amoiwereT citatebi, sadac gvxvdeba sityva ,,ukvdaveba”. mag.
,,vin sazRvarsa dausazRvrebs, zis ukvdavi RmerTi RmerTad” (SoTa
rusTaveli), `TviT ukvdaveba mSveniersa sulSi mdgomarebs” (n.
baraTaSvili), ,,ukvdaveba ar dahkargo wuTisoflis gulisaTvis” (ilia
WavWavaZe) ,,ukvdavebis mosaxveWad migapireb momavalsa” (akaki wereTeli),
`ukvdaveba es aris sityva, anu adamianSi mkvdari dros aRdgenis
naperwkali”. (m. mamardaSvili) da sxv.
leqsikonebze muSaobam gaaZliera sityvis warmoTqmis, sityviT
sinamdvilis Secnobis, mSvenierebis gancda, xeli Seuwyo weriTi
namuSevris Sinaarsobrivad gamdidrebas, SemoqmedebiTobis amaRlebas,
enobriv mravalferovnebas. Sesasrulebeli davaleba moswavleebs ar
eZnelebodaT, piriqiT, exalisebodaT da erTmaneTs awonebdnen kidec
Tavis namuSevars.
aRniSnulma ganapiroba ufro meti yuradReba da dro leqsikonze
muSaobisaTvis, romelic gagrZelda VIII, IX klasebSi. am mimarTebiT
mdidari da saintereso wyaroebi mogvepoveba: sulxan-saba orbelianis
,,leqsikoni qarTuli anu sityvis kona”, giorgi SatberaSvilis
,,Tvaladuri qarTulis WaSniki”, akaki SaniZis `mTis kiloTa leqsikoni”;
aleqsandre Rlontis `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sityvis kona”; ilia abulaZis
`Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni”.
sust mxared gamovlinda aseve weris stilis SerCevis problema. am
mimarTebiT CavatareT weris seminarebi, gakveTili ,,weris stili”, sadac
87
ganvixileT: a)samecniero stilis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi;
b)publicisturi stilis damaxasiaTebeli: efeqturi saTauri, Temis
aqtualoba, paTosi, sxarti da dinamiuri Txroba, enobrivi Stampebi,
poziciisa da damokidebulebis aqtiuri gamovlena, sityvebisa da
frazebis moxmoba, Semoklebisa da abreviaturebis gamoyeneba, axali
leqsikis gamovlena; g) oficialuri, saqmiani stilis damaxasiaTebeli
niSnebi: formobrivi CarCo, mimarTvis adresati, informaciuloba da
racionaluroba, enobrivi Stampi, saqmani urTierTobis terminebi,
oficialuri, kancelaruli statistikuri monacemebis xSiri miTiTeba,
teqstis oficialuri daniSnuleba, Temis, azris konkretuloba; d)
mxatvruli stilis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi: ambis Txroba, sxvadasxva
piriT Txroba sxvadasxva droSi, Tavisufali sityva, wyoba, mxatvruli
xerxebis gamoyeneba, poeturi bgerwera, leqsikis simdidre, intonacia da
azrobrivi aqcentis gadmocema, frTiani gamoTqmebi, Txrobis ritmis
cvla, siuJetis ganviTareba.
susti mxareebis gamovlena da misi daZlevisaTvis gaweuli saqmianoba
moswavleze orientirebuli saswavlo procesis ganxorcielebis kargi
saSualebaa, igi xels uwyobs TviT moswavlem gansazRvros, ras miaRwia,
ra aqvs dasaZlevi da raa amisaTvis saWiro.
garkveuli periodis Semdeg imave weriT davalebebs vubrundebiT da
miRweul Sedegebs vadarebT winandel monacemebs, vadgenT, ra dasZlia
TiToeulma moswavlem da ra darCa gasakeTebeli.
gakveTilis gegma-scenaris moswavleebisaTvis ukeT sargeblobis
mizniT SevqmeniT sainformacio gzamkvlevi, gakveTilis gegma-scenari da
ganvaTavseT igi kompiuteris saswavlo qselSi.
warmodgenili magaliTebis garda wera CaerTveba iseTi tipis
gakveTilebSi, rogoricaa:
gakveTili-miuzikli ,,maspinZelsa mxiarulsa” (scenaris proeqti);
gakveTili Ria qseliT – paralelur klasTan an megobari skolis
TanatolebTan erTad literaturuli gazeTis momzadeba.
gakveTili - preskonferencia _ pasuxobs yvaryvare TuTaberi kiTxvas:
,,Tqven ambobT, rom, _ isev avcocdebi. risi imedi gaqvT?”. Cawerili
pasuxis komentari werilobiT);
88
gakveTili kompiuterTan _ `me firosmanis quCaze vcxovrob”;
kino-gakveTili _ ,,xevisberi goCa”- saweri Tema ,,maS egre gaigone Cemi
darigeba?!”
gasvliTi saganmanaTleblo seminari _ moxseneba Temaze `gelaTidan
danaxuli saqarTvelo”.
gakveTilebze weris dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi
wamoiWra weris strategiebis dauflebis aucilebloba, ramac ganapiroba
kvlevis Semdegi msvleloba.
$ 3. weris strategiebis SerCeva
strategia _ TamaSis, swavlebissistema, romlis drosac calkeuli
svlebi, kombinaciebi keTdeba saerTo, winaswar mofiqrebuli gegmis
mixedviT (ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 1989: 481).
swavlisstrategia gulisxmobs kognituri, SemecnebiTi procesis an
procesebis mizanmimarTulad gamoyenebas swavlis dros. igi xels uwyobs
moswavleTa mier garkveuli saSualebebis gamoyenebas sakiTxis ukeT
gagebis, damaxsovrebisa da saqmianobisas sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad.
efeqturi swavleba da mecadineoba saklaso masalis aqtiurad
gaazrebasa da gadamuSavebas moiTxovs, amitom Zalian mniSvnelovania,
moswavleebs gavacnoT swavlis efeqturi strategiebi da vaswavloT maTi
gamoyeneba.
swavlis efeqturi strategiebia: mniSvnelovani informaciis amocnoba,
SeTvisebuli codnis gaxseneba, Canawerebis gakeTeba, informaciis
organizeba, informaciis gadamuSaveba, masalis mokled gadmocema,
Sejereba, gageba-gaazrebis Semowmeba, cnebaTa martivi ruka. maTgan ufro
vrclad davaxasiaTebT strategias Canawerebis gakeTeba.
Canawerebis gakeTeba mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs swavlaSi.
zogadad, moswavleebi, romlebic Canawerebs akeTeben, ufro kargad
imaxsovreben da iTviseben masalas. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom Zalian
mniSvnelovania Canawerebis xarisxi. kargi da gamosadegi Canaweri,
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Cveulebriv, gakveTilis an sakiTxavi masalis ZiriTad punqtebs da arss
asaxavs. kargi Canawerebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania im
moswavleTaTvis, romelTac mcireodeni codna gaaCniaT Sesaswavli
sagnis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom Canawerebis gakeTeba sasargebloa
swavlisTvis, mozardTa umravlesoba ar iyenebs am strategias. xolo is
Canawerebi, romlebsac moswavleebi akeTeben, xSirad cudi xarisxisaa da
gamousadegaria.
rogor SeiZleba vaswavloT bavSvebs kargi Canawerebis gakeTeba?
moswavleTaTvis Canawerebis struqturis anu gegmis micema erT–erTi
xerxia, romelic maswavleblebma SeiZleba gamoiyenon. gegma moswavleebs
mianiSnebs, Tu ras unda miaqcion yuradReba gakveTilis dros da ra
saxis informacia unda Caweron. maswavleblebs aseve SeuZliaT
drodadro Seamowmon, Tu ramdenad zust Canawerebs akeTeben bavSvebi da,
Sesabamisad, urCion, rogor gaaumjobeson isini.
swavlisstrategiebis daufleba moswavlisaTvis advili ar aris,
garkveuli saqmianobis warmarTva sWirdeba. wignSi ,,ganviTarebisa da
swavlebis Teoriebi” (2008) eqspertebi gvTavazoben ramdenime princips:
moswavleebi swavlis strategiebs yvelaze efeqturad konkretuli
sagnebis konteqstSi swavloben;
moswavleTa patara jgufebSi erTad mecadineoba xSirad xels
uwyobs efeqturi strategiebis ganviTarebas;
masalis axsnisas aswavleT moswavleebs, Tu rogor iswavlon es
masala. drodadro sTxoveT bavSvebs, rom erTad, wyvil–wyvilad an
patara jgufebSi imecadinon.davexmaroT moswavleebs swavlisa da
mecadineobis efeqturi strategiebis dauflebaSi;
moswavleebi ufro kargad daeuflebian swavlis efeqtur
strategiebs, Tu xels SevuwyobT, rom maT mier strategiebis
gamoyenebis pirveli mcdeloba warmatebuli iyos.
daexmareT moswavleebs axali strategiebis gamoyenebaSi. magaliTad,
aCveneT konkretuli strategiis gamoyenebis magaliTi; mianiSneT, Tu
rodis SeiZleba misi gamoyeneba da miuTiTeT, roca isini strategias
sworad an arasworad gamoiyeneben.
gaacaniT moswavleebs axali strategiebi da maTTvis gasagebad
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auxseniT, Tu ratom aris sxvadasxva strategiis gamoyeneba sasargeblo.
aRniSneT is garemoebebi, roca garkveuli strategiebis gamoyeneba
gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa.
mieciT moswavleebs SesaZlebloba, TiToeuli strategia sxvadasxva
konteqstSi gamoiyenon.
moswavleebi ufro efeqturad swavloben, roca swavlis mraval-
ferovan strategias iyeneben.
moswavleebi ufro gamoiyeneben swavlis efeqtur strategiebs, roca
esmiT, Tu ratomaa isini sasargeblo.
moswavleebi swavlis strategiebs ufro efeqturad iyeneben, roca
ician, ra SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT gamoiyenon TiToeuli maTgani.
moswavleebi maSin euflebian swavlis efeqtur strategiebs, roca am
xerxebis sxvadasxva konteqstSi regularulad gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba
eZlevaT.
SemoTavazebuli strategiebi da formebi gasaziarebelia weris
strategiebis swavleba/swavlis procesSi.
sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad mravalferovan strategiebs
gvTavazoben mecnierebi, eqspertebi, praqtikosi maswavleblebi. sabazo da
saSualo safexuris Sesabamisad, weris procesSi konkretuli amocanis
gadasaWrelad saWiroa maTi SerCeva.
weris strategiebis mizania, vaswavloT moswavleebs samecniero,
SemoqmedebiTi Tu sxva piradi miznebisaTvis wera. TiToeuli strategia
konkretul mizans emsaxureba.
wera aviTarebs azrovnebas da TviTCaRrmavebis saSualebas iZleva.
wera exmareba mozards sxvebisTvis gasagebi gaxados Tavisi saTqmeli da
Tavisuflad gamoxatos azrebi; weris mravalferovani strategiebis
gamoyenebiT izrdeba moswavleTa cnobismoyvareoba, yalibdeba aqtiuri
damkvirvebeli maTi saxiT. weris saSualebiT mozards SeuZlia sxvas
Seafasebinos sakuTari naazrevi da Tavadac iswavlos Sefaseba.
weris strategiebis SerCevisaTvis SevimuSaveT principebi:
saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba;
sxva saganSi misi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba;
strategia ar iwvevdes moswavlis gadatvirTvas.
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moswavlis mzadyofna, SeZlos misi efeqtianad gamoyeneba;
aRniSnul principebze dayrdnobiT SevarCieT weris strategiebi,
romelTac warmogidgenT ganmartebebiT, komentariT, sqemis saxiT.
kompetenciis ,,wera miznis, stilisa da auditoriis
gaTvaliswinebiT”misaRwevad xorcieldeba strategiebi, romelTa
Sesrulebisas moswavleebi Tavad gamoiyeneben sxvadasxvagvar
auditoriasa da miznebTan Sesabamis saSualebebs (magaliTad, mwerlis,
sazogado moRvawis gamonaTqvamebis/mosazrebebis damowmeba, mimarTvis an
emociis gamoxatvis formebi da sxva); weren konkretul problemaze
sxvadasxva poziciidan da sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis (magaliTad,
skolaSi arsebuli problemuri situaciis Sesaxeb mSoblis, Tavad
moswavlis, direqtoris da a. S. poziciidan); warmoadgenen problemuri
sakiTxis Sesaxeb informacias darwmunebis, TanagrZnobis, gamowvevis
motiviT; aformeben teqsts asakisa da codnis donis gaTvaliswinebiT.
davaleba 1. dawereT erTi da igive ambavi megobrebisaTvis,
mSoblebisaTvis.
davaleba 2. dawereT werili erTi dRis STabeWdilebaze
maswavleblebisaTvis, bebiasaTvis.
davaleba 3. dawereT moxsenebis Sesavali ekologTa SekrebisaTvis.
davaleba 4. miswereT nawarmoebis Sesaxeb Tqveni STabeWdileba wignis
avtors, kritikoss, gamomcemels, megobars, personaJs.
davaleba 5. Seadgine kiTxvebi gadacemisaTvis ,,etaloni” (ganyofileba
,,literatura”).
davaleba 6. dawereT wakiTxuli wignis anotacia umcrosi
megobrisaTvis.
I. wera, prezentacia. davyoT moswavleebi 5-6 kacian jgufebad
SemTxveviTobis principiT. TiToeuli jgufi yuTidan iRebs baraTs,
romelzedac weria Sesasrulebeli davalebis saTauri, mizani da
auditoria. (davalebis Tema erTia yvela jgufisaTvis `kompiuteruli
teqnologiebi Tanamedrove ganaTlebis miRebis aucilebeli pirobaa~).
imsjeleT, ramdenad aqtualuria es Tema;
aRwereT, konkretulad ris gakeTebas apirebT;
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daasabuTeT, ra mniSvneloba eqneba am RonisZiebas uSualod Tqveni
skolisaTvis.
auditoria – Tanatolebi, maswavleblebi, mowveuli stumrebi,
sxvadasxva asakisa da socialuri jgufis.
mizani: gamoiwvios Tanatolebi proeqtis Sesaqmnelad; daarwmunos
maswavleblebi proeqtis ganxorcielebis aucileblobaSi; ganawyos
mowveuli sazogadoeba dasaxmareblad.
or jgufs eZleva erTi davaleba.
maT unda moifiqron Temis Sesavali werilobiT da warmoudginon
Sesabamis auditorias imgvarad, rom miipyron msmenelis yuradReba
(verbaluri Tu araverbaluri saSualebebis, TvalsaCinoebis, sqemebisa da
plakatebis gamoyenebiT).
samuSaos Sesrulebamde moswavleebi ,,gonebrivi ieriSis” meTodiT
SeimuSaveben Sefasebis kriteriumebs, romelTa saboloo varianti
Camowerili iqneba formatze.
II. roli, auditoria, formati, Tema
es strategia moswavleebs sxvadasxva formatis werilobiTi naSromis
SeqmnaSi exmareba.
1. dafaze winaswar vertikaluradaa Camowerili: roli, auditoria,
formati, Tema;
2. moswavleebi irCeven Temas. magaliTad, roli _ yivCaRi, muxraneli
glexi, glexis coli; auditoria _ saqarTvelos dRevandeli prezidenti,
Tanamedrove sazogadoeba, megobari, ufliswuli, beri, mefe; formati _
leqsi, piradi werili, sagazeTo statia, istoriuli informacia; Tema _
,,Semomeyara yivCaRi”.
3. gaacaniT Tema da sTxoveT moifiqron, vis rolSi isurvebdnen
yofnas: yivCaRis, muxraneli glexis, glexis colis rolSi.
4. rodesac rolebis Camowera dasruldeba, sTxoveT, Sesaferisi
auditoria SearCion. maTi pasuxebi CamowereT dafaze, ,,auditoriis”
gaswvriv. mag.: XII s-is Semdegdroindeli saqarTvelo, Tanamedrove
saqarTvelo, ucxoeli stumrebi da a. S.
5. amis Semdeg moswavleebi irCeven formats, stils, teqstis saxes.
mag.: leqsi, piradi werili, sagazeTo statia, istoriuli informacia.
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6. ganesazRvrebaT dro (15 wT) da iwyeben weras;
gTavazobT am strategiiT Sesrulebuli werilis erT-erT nimuSs
sakuTari pedagogiuri praqtikidan: roli – eva; auditoria – adami; formati – werili
salome yifSiZe (X kl.)
`adam, me ubralod ver vxvdebi ra damemarTa... Cven kargad vcxovrobdiT, erTmaneTs
vufrTxildebodiT. Seni wyalobiTa var da uflis meoxebiT.
erTma wamma maqcia macdurad. wuTieri sisuste gaxda yvelafris dasawyisic da
dasasrulic.
erTi nekni, sul erTi nekni gaxda Cemi arsebobis safuZveli... xSirad miCndeba
kiTxva, ram macduna, – Cemma pirovnebam Tu yvelaferi im nekns davabralo?!
unda momfrTxilebodi, Sen ki mimatove. marTalia, sul erTi wuTiT, magram xom
gagigia, yvelaferi erT wuTSi SeiZleba moxdeso. hoda moxda, Tan is, rac yvelafers
amuqebs da aufasurebs.
qali – eSmaki, cbieri, macduri, siavis mTesveli... Cem gamoa, rom qals aseTi
epiTetebiT amkoben, Tumca Seni bralicaa. saTanadod rom gyvarebodi, sul gverdiT
myolodi, xelis gulze getarebine. iqneb sisuste ar gamomevlina.
Tumca SeiZleba qalebs amiT meti xiblic SevZine... macduri Rimili, moqniloba,
eSmakuri Tvalebi! da mainc me davbinde qalis silamaze.
adam, mapatie! adam–ianebo mapatieT!...
... magram patiebac xom mZime sasjelia...”
kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg pasuxoben SekiTxvebs:
rolisa da auditoriis SerCevis Semdeg, rogor daviwye wera?
_ mimarTviT
raze vfiqrobdi weris dros?
_ gameTvaliswinebina rolis, auditoriis da formatis Sesatyvisi
stili.
ra siZneleebs wavawydi weris procesSi?
_ ena, ar vici, rogor metyvelebdnen isini da sxv.
III. werilis Sedgena
werilis Sedgenas Tavisi wesi aqvs:sakomunikacio etiketis dacva,
rekvizitebis gamoyeneba, werilis daweris mizani, Tavaziani toni, azris
martivad gadmocema, werilis stilis dacva.
erovnuli saswavlo gegma iTvaliswinebs werilis Sedgenis
kompetenciis flobas. Tanamedrove pirobebSi, roca werilis klasikur
variants Caenacvla e. w. ,,mesijebi”, daiviwyes misi saswavlo da
aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia da didi mniSvneloba weriTi kulturis
CamoyalibebaSi. gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens axloblisadmi
gagzavnili werili mokiTxvis, darwmunebis, TanagrZnobis gamowvevis
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mizniT. amis sailustraciod SemogTavazebT baTumeli profesoris iuri
bibileiSvilisa da misi Tbiliseli SviliSvilis mimoweris nimuSs:
babu! rogor xar? imedia kargad, aseve imis imedic maqvs, rom Sen da bebos araferi giWirT da cicisTan erTad bednierebi xarT. male mamas dabadebis dRec mova da mxiarulad var. Zalian menatrebiT samive. erTi suli maqvs, ardadegebi rodis daiwyeba, baTumSi rodis Camoval da rodis gavigoneb im lamaz xmas, saidanac `wviriani” gogos mosaferebeli sityvebi aJRerdeba. uzomod miyvarxarT da menatrebiT: Senc, beboc, cicic da guliko beboc. guliko bebos saxlis ambavi Zalian gamixarda. imedia, male Camoval da CagexutebiT suyvelas. miyvarxaarT!!!
Tqveni elafuSi, felamuSi, ,,wviriani gogo”. 10.04. 2011
Tbilisis #1 klasikuri gimnaziis IV klasis moswavle elene
bibileiSvilis am werilSi yuradRebas iqcevs moswavlis uSualoba,
azris sicxade. weris swavlebis es strategia warmatebuli iqneba
yovelTvis, roca moswavles Tavs ar movaxvevT misTvis ucxo saTqmels,
xelovnur Temas da `gulgareT” davalebas.
werilis sxvadasxva saxe arsebobs: informaciuli, mxardamWeri
(Tanxmobis gamomxatveli); damarwmunebeli (cdilob raimeSi daiTanxmo an
raime gaakeTebino); opoziciuri (sakiTxisadmi uaryofiTi
damokidebulebis gamoxatva); problemis mosagvarebeli (problemis
danaxva da misi gadaWris gza); Txovnis (gamxnevebis, daxmarebis Txovna);
mokiTxvis (axloblebisaTvis piradi ambis miwera da maTi mdgomareobiT
daintereseba); sakuTari Sexedulebebis gamomxatveli (wignze, movlenebze,
faqtis Sesaxeb wera).
organizaciebsSorisurTierTobebisaucilebelisaSualebaasaqmianimimo
wera, aramartofostiT, aramedfaqsiT,
telegrafiTadaeleqtronulifostiTmiRebuliTugagzavniliwerilebi.ofic
ialuri da saqmiani korespondencia,TavianTixasiaTidangamomdinare,
SeiZlebadavajgufoTSemdegnairad: sainstruqcio, sagarantio,
sainformacio, sareklamo, sapretenzio, mosawvevi, sapasuxodaa.S.
werilebi.
yoveliweriliSeicavsSemdegrekvizitebs: adresatisdasaxelebas,
misamarTs, saTaurs, ZiriTadteqsts, xelismoweras, TariRs.
werilisteqstiSedgebaorinawilisagan:
pirvelnawilSimieTiTebamizezebianuwerilisSedgenissafuZveli,
xolomeorenawilSigadmoicemadaskvna, winadadeba, Txovna, pretenzia.
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maswavlebeli urCevs moswavles:
1. miswere werili sameurveo sabWos Tavmjdomares, romelSic sTxov,
skolis biblioTekisTvis SeiZinos saWiro wignebi. werilSi unda
daasabuTo, rom wignebi namdvilad saWiroa.
2. miswere araoficialuri werili Sens megobars, romelic im
sofelSi cxovrobs, sadac Sen zafxulobiT isveneb xolme, moikiTxe,
gamohkiTxe iqauri ambebi da Senc mouyevi Seni klasis Sesaxeb;
3. airCie raime aqtualuri problema (narkomania, tyeebis gaCexva,
qalaqis quCebis antisanitariuli mdgomareoba da sxv) da dawere
publicisturi werili, romelSic Riad gamoTqvam sakuTar
damokidebulebas am faqtis mimarT.
4. miswere mosawvevi baraTi megobars da skolis direqtors.
5. Seqmeni Seni dedaqalaqis an mxaris sareklamo broSura.
6. airCie adamiani visac miswer werils da gauziare Seni
STabeWdileba.
7. dawere werili warmosaxviTi adresantisagan an mimarTe
warmosaxviT adresats.
kompetencia ,,analitikuri weris” miRwevisaTvis:
debatis ZiriTadi arsis wvdoma da werilobiTi formiT gadmocema
davalebebi jgufuri muSaobisaTvis:
1. daasaxeleT TqvenTvis saintereso da aqtualuri problema;
2. dasaxelebul problemaTagan airCieT erT-erTi da werilobiT
CamoayalibeT, rogor gesaxebaT gamosavali am problemidan da
raSi xedavT am gamosavlis upiratesobebs. (savaraudod,
moswavleebi asaxeleben sxvadasxva gzas problemis
gadawyvetisa da, Sesabamisad, maT upiratesobebs).
3. dawereT ese, debatebisa Sedegad Camoyalibebuli sakuTari
Sexedulebani.
moswavle msjelobs literaturul, filosofiur, socialur da sxva
problemebze individualurad, gamoTqvams sakuTar Tvalsazriss, wers
Tavis emociebze, eZleva TviTgamoxatvis efeqturi saSualeba.
analizi, Sefaseba, sakuTari Tvalsazrisis werilobiTi gadmoscema
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1. gamoTqviT Tqveni azri, ramdenad eTanxmebiT an ar eTanxmebiT
mocemul Tvalsazriss, _ klasikur nawarmoebze parodiis Seqmna sazianoa
qveynis kulturuli memkvidreobisaTvis.
axseniT Tqveni pozicia.
sakuTari azris dasasabuTeblad moiyvaneT argumentebi da
magaliTebi istoriidan, literaturidan, filmebidan, piradi
gamocdilebidan da a. S.
2. mocemulia teqsti, romelSic garkveuli monacemebis safuZvelze
gamotanilia daskvna da dasaxulia gamokveTili problemis gadaWris gza.
magaliTad, davaleba: waikiTxeT teqsti, gaaanalizeT, imsjeleT,
SeafaseT, CamoayalibeT sakuTari Tvalsazrisi werilobiT.
qalaqis erT-erT sajaro skolaSi mSobliuri enis maswavlebelma me-
6 klasis moswavleebs sazafxulo ardadegebze daavala ramdenime
naTargmni nawarmoebis SerCeva da wakiTxva. aRmoCnda, rom es davaleba
moswavleTa mxolod mcire nawilma Seasrula.
es ki imas niSnavs, rom am asakis bavSvebisaTvis naTargmni
literaturis kiTxva sirTules warmoadgens.
umjobesia, am asakis moswavleebma ikiTxon mSobliur enaze Seqmnili
originaluri nawarmoebebi, xolo naTargmni literaturis kiTxva
momdevno klasebidan daiwyon.
gaaanalizeT, ramdenad damajerebeli da sakmarisia es monacemebi
warmodgenili daskvnis gamosatanad;
gamoavlineT msjelobis xarvezebi.
gansazRvreT, ra damatebiTi informacia dagWirdebodaT imisaTvis,
rom ukeT SegefasebinaT daskvna;
imsjeleT, ramdenad adekvaturi da damajerebelia problemis
gadasaWrelad SemoTavazebuli gza.
analitikuri komentari
davaleba 1. zurab kakabaZe wers: ,,Tanadroul dasavlur
literaturas klasikurisagan mkveTrad gansxvavebuli, mZafri tragikuli
intonacia axlavs... Tanadroul dasavlur literaturaSi tradiciul-
klasikurisagan gansxvavebiT erTob mcirea harmoniul-laRi mwerlobis
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wili.”
instruqtaJi analitikuri komentarisTvis:
gaarkvieT, XIX saukunisagan gansxvavebiT XX s-is literaturas
ratom axlavs mZafri tragikuli intonacia da ratom Semcirda
,,harmoniul-laRi mwerlobis wili.” TanadroulSi igulisxmeT XX s-is
modernistuli literatura, xolo tradiciul-klasikurSi XIX s-is
realisturi mwerloba.
gamoiyeneT TqvenTvis xelmisawvdomi sacnobaro literatura.
konsultaciisTvis mimarTeT maswavlebels.
Tqvens analitikur komentars mieciT werilobiTi saxe.
davaleba 2. Camoayalibe leqsis avtoris (mag. galaktion tabiZe
,,mesaflave”) pozicia da daurTeT Tqveni werilobiTi komentari.
davaleba 3. miSel montens sikvdilis SiSis daZlevis saqmeSi
mxolod sakuTari Tavisa da sakuTari gonebis imedi aqvs. xalil jibrani
did mniSvnelobas aniWebs adamianis pirovnul aqtiurobas, suli rom
,,gaiWras usazRvroebaSi da eZios dausazRvreli RmerTi”. blez paskali
ki adamianis sulier umweobas aRiarebda da erTaderT xsnas uzenaes
rwmenaSi poulobda.
imsjeleT, romeli Tvalsazrisia TqvenTvis misaRebi.
SeecadeT Tqveni msjeloba maqsimalurad argumentirebuli iyos.
strategiebi naweris efeqturi organizebisaTvis
saprezentacio moxsenebis momzadeba
am strategiis gamoyenebaze dauflebisaTvis maswavlebeli aswavlis
da urCevs moswavleebs:
1. miageniT TqvenTvis saintereso Temas da imuSavebT xalisiT;
2. SeiswavleT auditoria da SearCieT Sesabamisi logikuri
gamomsaxveloba, Txrobis forma, enobrivi konstruqciebi, intonacia;
3. mouZebneT Temas saTauri. gaxsovdeT, kargad mignebuli saTauri
saqmis naxevaria;
4. gansazRvreT moxsenebis mizani. esaa winasityvaobaSi wamoyenebuli
hipoTezis damtkiceba da ara imis Cveneba, rom amqveynad yvelaferi iciT.
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5. dasaxeT samuSao gegma. problemuri gegma Semdegi principiT unda
aigos: sakiTxis dasma; winamorbedTa gamocdileba; Tqveni hipoTeza;Tqvens
xelT arsebuli monacemebi;am monacemebis analizi;hipoTezis damtkiceba;
daskvnebi; gamokvlevis Semdgomi gagrZelebis perspeqtivebi.
6. SeadgineT mcire kartoTeka sxvadasxva saxis CanawerebisTvis. es
iqneba: baraTebi wignebisa da statiebis SinaarsiT; Tematuri
baraTebi;saxelobiTi baraTebi;baraTebi citatebisTvis;samuSao baraTebi.
7. dagegmeT moxsenebis Sesavali, ZiriTadi da daskvniTi nawili.
SesavalSi, pirvelive winadadebebidan unda SeZloT auditoriis
daintereseba; konkretuli magaliTebis moxmoba imis saSualebas mogcemT,
rom auditoriam ukeT gaacnobieros moxsenebis problematika da ZiriTadi
idea; ideebi ar unda iyos bevri, radgan erTi Temidan meoreze gadasvla
msmenelis yuradRebis gafantvas iwvevs; moxsenebis daskvniTi nawili unda
iyos pozitiuri, an mTavrdebodes SekiTxviT. amiT Tqven ubiZgebT
auditorias miubrundes ganxilul sakiTxs da kidev erTxel dafiqrdes
masze.
8. dawereT yvelaferi, rac TavSi mogivaT.
9. naweri gadaaTeTreT. amoiReT gadaxvevebi, frCxilebSi
moTavsebuli pasaJebi. zogierTi ram miTiTebebsa da damatebebSi
gadaitaneT.
10. SearCieT sademonstracio TvalsaCinoebebi. igi Tqveni poziciis
erTgvari dadasturebaa da xels uwyobs msmenelTa yuradRebis
gamaxvilebas ZiriTad ideebze;
11. dagegmeT gamosvlis droc.
msgavsi Canawerebis saSualebiT moswavleebi winaswar gansazRvraven
sajaro gamosvlis mizans da warmoadgenen moxsenebebs konkretul
Temebze. isini gegmis mixedviT gadmoscemen saTqmels, icaven reglaments,
ismenen gamosvlebs da iZenen teqstis analizisTvis saWiro informacias.
SeZleben mocemuli fragmentis analizs, Temisa da ideis gansazRvras,
konkretuli epoqis daxasiaTebas da teqstis mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT
mxareze msjelobas.
sakuTari pedagogiuri praqtikidan gTavazobT amonaridebs moswavlis mier
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dawerili moxsenebidan:
Tedo tuRuSi (XI kl.).
,,kaci kacisaTvis mgelia“ ( vaJa–fSavelas nawarmoebTa mixedviT) mgeli... mgelkaci... maqcia mgeli (adamiani mglis suliT)... ,,kaci kacisaTvis mgelia“... aseTi paralelebi usiamo fiqrebs aRmiZravs. rogor? samyaros saswaulad da
mSvenebad aRiarebuli adamiani mgels Sevadaro?! (jer ar gamnelebia bavSvobidan gamoyolili SiSi am zRapruli personaJisadmi).
vcdilob gaverkve, mainc ra TvisebebiT gamoirCeva mgeli da ra aqvs saerTo adamianTan? am fiqrTa msvlelobas mglis simboluri biografiis moZiebisken mivyavar...
antikur epoqaSi mglis tyaviT imosebodnen meomrebi, xolo Subze damagrebuli mglis Tavi maT gamarjvebis rwmenasa da simxneves matebda.
am cxovelis meomruli suliskveTebis, Zlierebisa da Semtevi xasiaTis Tayvaniscemaa uZvelesi svanuri ceremoniali ,,aSangelo“ (,,samgelo“), mglis tyavis jubebi da svanuri droSa ,,lemi“, romelic, mkvlevarTa azriT, qsovilisagan gamoWril mglis gamosaxulebas warmoadgens...
erTi sityviT, mgeli misabaZia adamianisaTvis SeupovrobiT da mebrZoli bunebiT. qristianul saxismetyvelebaSi mgelma SeiZina kravis, cxvris faris – samwysos
sawinaaRmdego simbolika. igi borotebis, Zalmomreobis, demonur ZalTa simbolod iqca. skandinaviur da keltur miTologiaSi giganturi mgeli mzes gadaylapavs; ,,jojoxeTis karibWesac“ mglis xaxad warmogvidgenen xSirad. mokled, mgeli aSkarad negatiuri stereotipi gaxda da, gavrcelebuli SexedulebiT, igi mainc ,,wiTelqudas mSTanTqavi“ arsebaa.
samecniero–popularul naSromSi vkiTxulobT: ,,mglebi ojaxebad cxovroben. ojaxebSi, rogorc wesi, naTesavebi erTiandebian, mglebi sakvebis naklebobis dros TavianTi teritoriidan aZeveben sust TanamoZmes. gaZevebuli male sxva mglebis msxverpli xdeba“ (iason badriZe ,,icnobdeT, mgeli!“)
es ,,mgluri kanonis“ filosofiaa. rogor ar minda aseTi mgeli adamians Sevadaro! minda mjerodes, rom humanizmis
Zala, moraluri kodeqsi ar miscems Zes kacisas mgelTan mimsgavsebis uflebas. cxovreba brZolaa da am brZolaSi Zlieri imarjvebs! – mmoZRvravs winapari,
maswavlis literatura da Cveni realobac sul ufro marwmunebs am azris simarTleSi. bunebis didi mesaidumle, vaJa–fSavela Tavis nawarmoebebSi gvixatavs pirsisxliani,
daundobeli, eSmakTan wilnayari, mravaltanjuli da ,,monanie“ mglis saxes: ,,bevri cxovelis sisxliT SemiRebavs cxvir–piri. mTel or kviras davumSvenebivar
am sisxlsa da Cems tanze misi danaxviT siymilis Jini momiklavs. ...erT wamSi gaTavda totias sicocxle; bewvic aRarsad egdo misi mravaltanjuli
tyavisa... mglebma Sexedes erTmaneTs, SeeSindaT erTimeorisa, albaT, imitom, axla me ar SemWamono. SeeSindaT da gafrTxnen. erTi meores gaurboda. (,,amodis, naTdeba!“)
,,eSmaki mizis gulSi da miCangebs: ,,gaafuWe, waaxdine!.. agebuli daSale, cocxali mokal, SaTqi, Saylape!.. raic SeiZlo bevri sisxli daanTxie!.. nu dazogav nuravis, sadac kbili da klanWi migiwvdeba! Tese qveyanaze vaeba, tirili da glova, sisxli da cremli!..“ ai Cemi ndoma, Cemi wadili, Cemi buneba...“ (,,mgeli“)
viTom aqvs rame saerTo aseT mgels adamianTan?! . pasuxs vaJasave SemoqmedebaSi vpoulob:
sazogadoeba veluri tradiciis dacvas, mokluli mtris marjvenis moWras, moiTxovs aludasagan da daumorCilebel Tvistoms Temidan aZevebs (,,aluda qeTelauri“);
mxecurad dakluli vaJkacis, zviadauris sisxlis yureba adamians siamovnebas hgvris; sasaflaodan wamosulebi erTmaneTs saxeSi veRar ucqerian zviadauris mokvlis Semdeg, TanamoZmeebs erTmaneTisa eSiniaT (,,stumar–maspinZeli“).
adamians rogorc Tavisufal arsebas yovelTvis aqvs arCevani, daemorCilos Tavis borot, mdabal midrekilebebs da vnebebs an moTokos, daTrgunos isini, magram maSin, roca boroteba ise Zlierad eufleba kacs, rom misTvis sikeTis arCeva ukve ukiduresad Znelia, igi iqceva adamianis Sinagan bunebad, romelsac kaci iseve emorCileba, rogorc cxoveli sakuTar instiqtebs:
kaeni klavs Zmas.... . . . . . arada, adamiani xom Tavis xatad da sworad Seqmna ufalma, uboZa mas maRali
zneoba da ,,mamxilebeli goneba“ _ sindisi. swored amiT gamoarCia adami cxovelTagan,
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magram, vai, rom Zexorcielis sindis–namusi sanTeliviT qreba da ileva, kacTa Soris bina ver daido da imedgacruebuli RmerTs SehRaRadebs:
,,xalxisaTvisa me rgeba mwadda, hoi, ufalo, saidan sada? ver Sevucvale mosisxles mada...“ borotebis tragedia is aris, rom borotebiT WeSmaritad dakmayofileba,
borotebaSi mSvidad cxovreba adamians ar SeuZlia. da, ai, adamianis cxovrebaSi dgeba momenti, roca igi nanobs Tavis saqciels.
,,adamianma unda scodos, rom mere inanos“ (,,kldem mxolod erTxel sTqva“). ,,sikvdili yvelas gvaSinebs, sxvas Tu hklven, cqera gvwadian. kacni ver grZnoben bevrjera, Tu ra did codvas sCadian“ swored sikvdilis SiSi ubiZgebs adamianebs codvebis aRiarebisaken. magram Rrma
sinanulis drosac ki kaci vaJas moTxroba ,,mgelis“ personaJis darad Tavis ,,mkvdar sicocxleSi“ ufals adanaSaulebs, mamazeciers sdebs brals Tavissave Cadenil borotebaSi, radgan codvaTa simZime welSi wyvets da sikvdilis siaxloves gulwrfeli aRsarebisas simarTlec ki aRar daejereba.
raoden dasanania, rom mogviwevs vaRiaroT, ,,kaci kacisaTvis mgelia“. cxovrebaSi bevri ram aris lamazi da mSvenieri, adamianis unazesi da
ukeTilSobilesi grZnobebi, Tvalwarmtaci buneba, bulbulis galoba, ,,mosisxle madas rom unelebs“ mtaceblebs (,,bunebis mgosnebi“);
SevimecnoT vaJa–fSavelas nawarmoebebSi ganfenili morali, ganvacalkevoT mgluri instiqtebi adamianis zeamaRlebuli sulierebisgan, gvaxsovdes, rom ,,adamiani xidia cxovelsa da angelozs Soris“. vecadoT wuTisofeli ise gavlioT, rom aRsasrulisas gaunelebeli tkiviliT ar aRmogvxvdes: ,,ram Semqmna adamianad?!“
akademiuri weris procesi
akademiuri wera xels uwyobs argumentirebis, kritikuli azrovnebisa
da Sefasebis unaris ganviTarebas moswavleebSi, agreTve, aswavlis maT,
arsebuli Teoriuli masalis gamoyenebas sakvlevi problemis gadaWris
gansazRvrisaTvis. ecnobian plagiatis Tavidan acilebisa da citirebis
swor teqnikas, gamoyenebuli literaturis miTiTebas da prezentaciebis
mowyobis xelovnebas.
akademiuri weris procesi sam etaps iTvaliswinebs: winaswari
momzadeba (repeticia), variantis Seqmna da variantis gadasinjva.
I. argumentirebuli eses dawera.
1. moemzade eses dasawerad: Camoayalibe rezolucia ise, rom
argumentirebuli eses saTauri gamoxatavdes or sapirispiro pozicias;
gamosaxe azrebi grafikulad, daxaze asociaciuri ruqa; imsjele,
Camoayalibe ideaTa logikuri jaWvi.
repeticia aris informaciis Segrovebisa da azrebis mokrebis etapi.
am dros xdeba sasurveli Temebidan erTis SerCeva da garkveul sakiTxze
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arsebuli yvela SesaZlo informaciis, Sexedulebebisa da ideebis
moZieba. am etapze moswavle Temis irgvliv sakuTar mosazrebebs
ayalibebs, iniSnavs da axarisxebs mniSvnelovan informacias.
Temis SerCevis wesebi:
moswavleebi Camoweren iseT Temebs, romlis Sesaxebac didi
siamovnebiT dawerdnen;
wyvilebi erTmaneTs Temis SerCevaSi daexmarebian. (ratom SearCie
swored es Tema? ra informacias flob am Temis irgvliv? ramdenad
aqtualuria es Tema dRes?):
Caiwereba, gaiazreba pasuxebi mewyvilis mier dasmul SekiTxvebze. es
weris procesis dagegmvasa da naSromis daxvewas Seuwyobs xels.
SearCion Tema, romelic miaCniaT aqtualurad, sainteresod,
romelzec garkveul informacias floben.
2. Seqmeni eses pirveli varianti, daicavi Tanmimdevroba:
1. eses Sesavali _ mkiTxvelis yuradRebis mopoveba safuZvelmdebare
informaciis miwodebiT, eses Seqmnis mizezis gacnoba; wardgena Tezisis,
avtoris ZiriTadi poziciisa, romlis dasabuTebasac emsaxureba
argumentirebuli ese; kontrargumentiT dawyeba, Semdeg sakuTari Tezisis
SeTavazeba da mkiTxvelisaTvis sapirispiro poziciebs Soris kontrastis
demonstrireba.
2. ZiriTadi nawili _ argumentebis wardgena; kontrargumentis
ukugdeba; kompromisuri pozicia.
3. daskvna _ avtoris argumentebis Sejameba TiTo winadadebiT;
Tezisis gameoreba, oRond sxva sityvebiT, rom avtorma kidev erTxel
daafiqsiros pozicia, magram mkiTxvelisaTvis mosabezreblad ar JRerdes;
problemis ganxilva momavlis WrilSi, rac mkiTxvels safiqrals
dautovebs, vTqvaT, Tu rogor gamoiyenos mocemuli ese realur
cxovrebiseul situaciaSi.
variantis Seqmna iTvaliswinebs pirveladi monaxazis Seqmnas:
1. nusxis SedgeniT an asocirebuli rukis meSveobiT Camoiwereba yvela
is sakiTxi, romelic Temas ukavSirdeba, razedac surT isaubron sakuTar
naSromSi. sakiTxebs SeaerTeben isrebiT im TanmimdevrobiT, rogoradac
apireben ganixilon mocemuli sakiTxebi; mewyvilesTan erTad ganixileba
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asociaciuri ruka, erTmaneTs miscemen rCevebs, romelic
gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba naSromis Seqmnis procesSi.
2.pirveladi variantis SeqmnisaTvis ganisazRvreba dro. naweris
dasrulebis Semdeg ganixileba varianti mewyvilesTan erTad,
mimdinareobs msjeloba, ra saWiroebs daxvewas, ratomaa sasurveli
moswavleebs miewodos sakiTxTa nusxa, razedac yuradReba unda
gaamaxvilon. Tavdapirvelad saWiroa instruqcia, rogor ganixilon
naSromebi, rogor dasvan SekiTxvebi da gaakeTon Canawerebi;
3. pirveladi variantis ganxilva. winaswar Sedgenili SekiTxvebiT
ganixileba erTmaneTis naSromebi, miecemaT rCeva, rekomendacia. saWiroa
axsna, rom imsjelon imaze, rac yvelaze metad moewonaT, gakeTdeba
miniSneba, rom rekomendaciis micemisas ar iyos gamoyenebuli sityvebi:
,,ar varga”. `ar momwons” da a. S. sasurvelia: _ xom ar fiqrob, rom Sens
naSromSi mwiri informaciaa mowodebuli am sakiTxis Sesaxeb? xom ar
Rirs am nawilis amoReba? vfiqrob, rom Sesavali bundovania. me ise
gavakeTebdi, xom ar fiqrob, rom daskvnac sWirdeba Temas? da misT.
3. Seamowme ese Semdegi kriteriumebis mixedviT: ipyrobs
Sesavali mkiTxvelis yuradRebas? ra aris eses Tezisi? aris Tezisi
naTeli da sakmarisad dakonkretebuli? gaqvT raime rCeva SesavalTan an
TezisTan dakavSirebiT? ra principiTaa ese organizebuli? aris misi
struqtura efeqturi? aris ese logikuri da Sekruli? yvela paragrafi
ganamtkicebs Teziss? gaqvT raime rCeva paragrafebTan dakavSirebiT? aris
argumentebi sakmarisad ganmtkicebuli mxardaWeriT? gaqvT raime rCeva
mxardaWerasTan dakavSirebiT? aris saWiro esesTvis raimes damateba an
raimes amoReba? aris daskvna logikuri? aris is saintereso? gaqvT raime
rCeva daskvnasTan dakavSirebiT? romelia eses saukeTeso nawili? romel
nawils sWirdeba gaumjobeseba?
variantis gadasinjva gulisxmobs yuradRebis gamaxvilebas iseT
sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: rogor SeiZleba saTqmelis ukeT gadmocema,
ramdenad naTladaa warmodgenili naazrevi.
rCevebis, rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT nawerSi SeaqvT cvlileba-
damateba. samuSaos Sesrulebis dro ganisazRvreba.
akademiuri weris procesi gamosacemad gamzadebuli werilobiTi
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naSromis kidev or etaps moicavs: redaqtirebas da beWdvas.
redaqtireba naSromis gamocemis wina etapia. xdeba stilisturi Tu
koreqtuli Secdomebis aRmoCena da Casworeba.
moswavleebi ganmartoebul situaciaSi kiTxuloben naSroms
xmamaRla, aRniSnaven, ra moewonaT. Caasworeben, Semdeg kiTxuloben
wyvilebSi erTmaneTis nawers, gamoTqvamen SeniSvnebs, rekomendaciebs.
naweris yuradRebiT wakiTxvisas Caswordeba SemCneuli Secdomebi.
gamocema akademiuri weris bolo etapia. am dros naSromi auditoriis
samsjavroze gamodis. klasSi gamoiyofa ,,saavtoro savarZeli”, saidanac
msurveli kiTxulobs Tavis nawers, pasuxobs SekiTxvebs, gamocema
SeiZleba agreTve kedlis gazeTis an vebgverdis SeqmniT.
II. referati
erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi saSualo safexurze miTiTebulia
standarti _ moswavle wers saswavlo referats erTi an ramdenime
wyaros mixedviT.
daweramde ganisazRvreba ra saxis referatia dasaweri. maswavlebeli
sTxovs moswavleebs daweron referati mecnieruli gamokvlevis Sesaxeb,
urCevs, gadmoscen is, rac mniSvnelovania mis SinaarsSi, kritikulad
ganixilon da Seafason gamokvlevaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi, sakuTari
dakvirvebebiT, TvalsazrisebiT Seavson an gaabaTilon avtoris
debulebebi.
instruqtaJi referatis daweris win:
ganmarte, ratom airCie konkretuli Tema;
gansazRvre misi aqtualoba;
mokled Camoayalibe gansaxilveli Temis miznebi da amocanebi.
Tanamimdevrulad, nabij-nabij gaaanalizeT naSromi;
daadastureT sakuTari mosazreba cifrebiT, faqtebiT, citatebiT;
yoveli struqturuli erTeuli (abzaci, paragrafi) daasrule
mokle daskvniT.
gamokvlevasTan dakavSirebiT CamoayalibeT zogadi daskvnebi;
daeTanxmeT an uaryaviT miTiTebuli wyaros avtoris pozicia;
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gamoTqviT sakuTari mosazreba problemis gadaWrasTan
dakavSirebiT.
gaaforme referati: satitulo furceli; informacia saswavlo
dawesebulebis Sesaxeb; sagani/saganTa jgufi; referatis saTauri;
Semsruleblis da maswavleblis vinaoba. Sinaarsi: struqturuli
erTeulebis Sinaarsi gverdebis miTiTebiT. samuSaos teqsti (aqedan iwyeba
gverdebis gadanomrva). Sesavali; ZiriTadi nawili; daskvna; gamoyenebuli
literaturis sia; wyaroebi sruli bibliografiuli monacemebis
miTiTebiT.
referati, romelic moicavs struqturul erTeuls,_ Tavs, paragrafs,
sasurvelia, Sesruldes sawreo muSaobis procesSi. gakveTilisaTvis
efeqturi gamodga mokle (1,-1,5 gv.) referati, romelic Sesrulda mTeli
klasisaTvis dasaZlev problemasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, weriTi
samuSaoebis dros sakmaod susti mxare aRmoCnda weris dros enobrivi
normebisa da marTlweris wesebis dacva. SevarCieT problema ,,wakiTxuli
wignis Sinaarsis”, wyaroebi mivuTiTeT: ,,Suqia afridoniZe (2002), ,,Cveni
ena qarTuli”, ,,zurab vaxania (2005), enobriv unarTa teqsturi amocanebis
krebuli”, darejan TvalTvaZe (2005), ,,marTlweris wesebi da
savarjiSoebi”.
referatis prezentaciam saklaso auditoriis daintereseba gamoiwvia,
rac gamovlinda SekiTxvebSi, kamaTSi.
referatis prezentaciiT moswavleebma gaiges da gaiTavises
sakiTxebi, romelTa Seswavla aTeul gakveTilze ver moxerxda.
sasargeblo aRmoCnda X, XI, XII klasebSi referatis Sesruleba
problemis Sesaxeb SexedulebaTa analizTan dakavSirebiT. am SemTxvevaSi
moswavleebs eZlevaT instruqtaJi referatis komponentebis Sesaxeb:
Temis aqtualoba _ moswavle aRwers: ra icoda sakvlevi Temis
Sesaxeb (Teoriuli da praqtikuli situaciis analizi), ratom
dainteresda am TemiT.
kvlevis miznebisa da amocanebis dasaxva _ ratom unda
ganxorcieldes kvleva, ris gakeTebas gegmavs, ra Sedegebs moelis.
kvlevis procesi _ miznebisa da amocanebis Tanamimdevruli
Sesruleba. procesebis aRwera, argumentebiT msjeloba, dakvirvebiT,
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anketirebiT Catarebuli saqmianobis analizi, sakiTxTa wre Ziebis
procesSi.
kvlevis Sedegebi _ ramdenime ZiriTad mignebaze orientireba.
miznebisa da Sedegebis axsna, momxre da mowinaaRmdege poziciebis
Sedareba-Sepirispireba.
literatura _ dasaxeldeba wyaroebi anbanTrigze an Tematuri
dalagebiT. mniSvnelovani literaturis gaformebis wesis arCeva: sqolio,
cifrebiT miniSneba, mokle anotacia.
konsultaciis sakiTxebi avtorisaTvis _ kvleviTi saqmianobis
procesSi sasurvelia, Sexvedra-dialogebis Catareba, sadac saubari
gaimarTeba iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: ra masala moipoveT iseTi,
romliTac problemas aqamde ucnobi Strixi SemateT? ra iswavleT
informaciis moZiebis Sesaxeb iseTi, rac aqamde ar icodiT? ra
zegavlenas moaxdens Temis momzadebis procesSi axalSeZenili codna
Tqvens Sexedulebebze? kvlevis procesSi Camoyalibebuli romeli unar-
Cveva migaCniaT TqvenTvis sasargeblod? kvlevis procesi dasrulebulad
migaCniaT, Tu fiqrobT, rom kvleva SeiZleba gagrZeldes erT-erTi
komponentis mimarTulebiT?
gansakuTrebulia kvleviTi naSromis ganxilvis procesi:
momxsenebeli _ oponenti _ SekiTxvebze pasuxi _ eqspertTa daskvna. am
procesSi vlindeba moswavlis unari, warmoadginos da daicvas Tavisi
naSromi, SeZlos kritikis miReba an uaryofa argumentirebulad, daicvas
zepirmetyvelebaSi urTierTobis etiketi.
Temebi referatisTvis SeiZleba iyos: ,,mziani Ramis” mwerali”,
,,sibrZne sicilisa”, ,,aqa vdgavar da sxvagvarad ar ZalmiZs” da sxv.
SemoqmedebiTi wera
Temas irCevs moswavle.
instruqtaJi saTauri umniSvnelovanesi komponentia teqstis Sedgenis
procesSi. konstantine gamsaxurdia ambobda, saTauri xmlis pirveli
moqnevaa avtoris mier mkiTxvelis gulisa da gonebis dasapyrobad
gamarTul brZolaSio.
kargad SerCeuli saTauri unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs:
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imTaviTve warmoaCendes nawarmoebis arss.
ar iyos damoukidebeli da TavisTavadi mniSvnelobis mqone
leqsikuri erTeuli, romelic garedan aqvs mikruli mxatvrul teqsts,
aramed nawarmoebis organul da ganuyofel nawils Seadgendes;
Seicavdes garkveul informacias, romelic avtorisTvis sasurveli
mimarTulebiT aamoqmedebs mkiTxvelis warmosaxvas.
ar sTavazobdes mkiTxvels sakiTxis gadawyvetas;
saTauri iyos STambeWdavi, advilad dasamaxsovrebeli, iwvevdes
mkiTxvelis interess da sakvebs sTavazobdes mis fantazias.
teqstis variantebi:
1. yuradRebiT waikiTxe teqsti. dafiqrdi masSi wamoWril
problematikaze, daakvirdi avtoris weris maneras, stilur da Janrul
Taviseburebebs da daasaTaure.
2. daxede wignis ilustrirebul garekans saTauriTa da avtoriT.
dawere pirveli ori abzaci, romliTac SeiZleba daiwyos es nawarmoebi.
Seadare originals.
3. gaaforme SenTvis cnobili nawarmoebis garekani.
4. gamoarCie Seni cxovrebidan SenTvis mniSvnelovani erTi romelime
emocia, gancda da mieci mas mcire poeturi an prozauli teqstis saxe.
saTauri Tavad SearCie da dawere erTgverdiani teqsti.
gTavazobT me-4 davalebis nimuSs piradi praqtikidan:
laSa qebulaZe (XII klasi)
Ramea...momeZala fiqri martoobaze, sikvdilze. pesimizmma momicva.
sibneliT garemoculs TiTqo sulis naTelic gibneldeba, qrebi, ikargebi am
ukidegano sibneleSi, uplaneto samyaroSi... xvdebi, rom yvela aq movida, magram aq
aravinaa... marto xar, magram es ar aris SenTvis nacnobi simartove. sibneleSi gzis
garkvevas vcdilob da ufro Rrmad veflobi fiqrebSi. davrCiT marto me, sevda da
ukuneTi. davborialeb fiqrTa xveulebSi da vxedav, patara varskvlavi acimcimda
mqrqalad. uceb mivxvdi, rom es sibnele da ukuneTi Cemi sevda da martooba yofila.
Ramec Cemi gamonagonia Turme.
vsaubrobT sikvdilze da ar viciT, ra moaqvs Tan mis Sav fers. dros vklavT Tu
kargad vatarebT, amas mniSvneloba ara aqvs. adre Tu gvian, gzaze, sawolSi, abazanaSi
Tu sxvagan Tavze dagadgeba da gamarjobas getyvis celiani miqeli, ra Tqma unda, Tu im
dRes gabrieli ar iqna morige. modis, moabijebs, temps ar unelebs, icis rodis
mogvinaxulos... es gardauvalia, es aucileblad moxdeba da sanam vsunTqavT da Cveni
cxeli guli ritmulad feTqavs, albaT, ukeTesi iqneba, Tu droze adre ar movkvdebiT.
sikvdilis meSinia? netav Cems sikvdils sklerozi daemarTos... ,,sikvdilsac
daviwyebixaro“, xom gagigiaT... maxsovs sikvdili, magram mirCevnia masze ar vifiqro.
...Sescqeris varskvlavian cas adamiani imedad xvalis...
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moTxroba miniSnebebiT dawerisaTvis
SearCie moqmedebis adgili da dro. Tavdapirvelad daiwye adgilis
aRweriT (aRwera SeiZleba iyos rogorc sinamdvile, aseve gamogonili.
aRweris dawyebamde gaiTvaliswine, rogori atmosfero ginda Seqmna:
SiSis, martoobis, daZabulobis, mxiarulebis, interesis Tu sxv.)
CamoTvlil personaJTagan SearCie Seni moTxrobis gmiri (gmirebi).
vTqvaT:
12 wlis biWi, Savgvremani, grZeli xveuli TmiT, jinsis Sarvalsa
da maisurSi, velosipediT;
moxuci qali, WaRara TmiT, SavebSi Cacmuli;
kaci, 40-mde wlisa, wveriani, gacveTili, magram sufTa
tansacmliT da a. S.
daasrule personaJis portreti. gaiTvaliswine, rom garegnobisa da
tansacmlis garda SegiZlia mkiTxvels xasiaTis zogierTi Tvisebac
aRuwero, agreTve uambo misi warsulis, ojaxis da profesiis Sesaxeb.
SegiZlia mTxrobelad Tavad personaJi airCio, Tumca SeiZleba
uCinari mTxrobelic gyavdes.
moifiqre raime ambavi da dawere Zalian mokled.
gaucvale teqsti Sens mewyviles, waikiTxe misi naSromi da
werilobiT upasuxe Semdeg SekiTxvebs:
aris Tu ara ambavi saintereso, Tanmimdevruli da gasagebi
SenTvis?
rogor aRmoCnda mTavari gmiri am adgilas da ras akeTebs?
ra grZnobebs aRZravs Seni gmiri SenSi?
es gmiri ambis dasawyisSi sxvanairia, vidre boloSi?
xom ar sWirdeba ambavs ufro metad ganvrcoba?
mogwons Tu ara ambis finali?
gaecani yuradRebiT Seni mewyvilis SeniSvnebs. maTi daxmarebiT
gadaamuSave teqsti.
Caamate dialogi:
moTxrobis dasawyisSi,
108
adgilis aRwerasa da gmiris gamoCenas Soris;
gmiris gamoCenis Semdeg;
daakvirdi, xom ar aris metismetad bevri sxvadasxva ambavi erTad?
Seamowme, aris Tu ara ambebi logikuri da Tanmimdevruli? Tu ar
aris, gadawere xelaxla.
yovelives gaTvaliswinebiT dawere moTxrobis dasawyisis
gagrZeleba, moqmedebis ganviTareba.
Seqmeni moTxrobis finali. moifiqre raime uCveulo, Tu mkiTxvelis
gaoceba gsurs;
Tu ginda mkiTxvelma nel-nela gamoicnos, ra moxdeba moTxrobis
bolos, raRaciT unda miaxvedro, vTqvaT, moTxrobis dasawyisSive
miuTiTeb pirovnebaze an raime saganze, romelic drodadro, ambis
ganviTarebasTan erTad gamoCndeba xolme, an miaxvedre dialogis
romelime fraziT.
moTxroba daasrule? gadaaTeTre! Tu mogwons, gaacani
Tanaklaselebs.
moswavleTa nawerebSi naTlad Cans, rom maT uWirT moTxrobis
dasawyisisa da finalis wera, amas Tavadac aRiareben. uioldebaT
miTiTebebis mixedviT Txroba, ayalibeben azrebs Tanmimdevrulad da
sainteresod, Tumca xSirad uWirT moTxrobis struqturis dacva.
naklebad iTvaliswineben mewyvilis SeniSvnebs, Tumca siamovnebiT
afaseben erTmaneTis namuSevrebs. moswavleebi TavianT nawerebSi avlenen
didi fantaziis unars.
swrafad wera gansazRvrul droSi
`swrafadwera~ `gonebriviieriSis~ ideasefuZneba.
moswavleebseZlevaTinstruqcia,
TavSimosuliyvelaazriracSeiZlebaswrafadCaiweron.
esstrategiamoiTxovs, romswavlebisprocesSiyvelamoswavle,
amsaqmianobaSiaqtiuradCaerTos.
moswavleebsuviTardebaTswrafaddaspontanuradfiqrisunari.
am strategiis dasaufleblad moswavleebi asruleben Semdegi saxis
109
aqtivobebs:
ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi Cawere fiqrebi Seusvenebliv.
xuTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi dawere: ra mogewona nawarmoebSi, an ra ar
mogewona; Camowere, risi geSinia zogadad cxovrebaSi, ra aris SenTvis
Zvirfasi, an ris Sesrulebas eswrafvi da a. S.
aTi wuTi teqstis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad; Tavisufali werisaTvis -
,,me mjera...”, ,,roca Tvali gavaxile ...”, ,,komikuri gaugebroba”, ,,bednieri
dRe” da a, S.
strategia wera nanaxisa da gancdilis Sesaxeb
eqskursiis, speqtaklis, cxovrebiseuli faqtis, gasvliTi seminaris
an videofilmis wakiTxuli wignisSesaxeb sakuTari STabeWdilebis
gadmocema. dawyebiT klasebSive gvesaxeba misaRwev kompetenciad. am
strategiis ganxorcielebisasmTavaria, avtori iyos gulwrfeli,
garkveviT gadmoscemdes ambavs, daainteresos mkiTxveli, aRwerdes Tavis
emociur-grZnobiT damokidebulebas.
gTavazobT nimuSs piradi praqtikidan:
agvistos omiT SeZruli baTumis #21 sajaro skolis XII klasis
moswavle marex tuRuSi wers:
`2008 wlis agvisto. debatebis saerTaSoriso asociaciis mier dagegmil
konferenciaSi vmonawileobdi. baTumidan sami maswavlebeli da cxra moswavle wavediT
TbilisSi, samSoblos siyvaruliT gulanTebuli Tormeti adamiani.
wyneTis dasasvenebel saxlSi mTelma saqarTvelom moviyareT Tavi. 7 agvisto...
telefonis avbediTi xma avis momaswavebeli informaciiT... megobars daurekes
bolnisidan, iqauri aerodromi daebombaT. CemTvis omi maSin daiwyo. ufrosebi
gvifrTxildebodnen, cdilobdnen CvenTvis informacia Selamazebuli saxiT gadmoecaT,
Tumca uemociod ver vixseneb maT dazafrul saxeebs.
cxra agvistos konferencia dasrulda da Sin unda davbrunebuliyaviT. gza saSiSi
gamxdariyo. banakis xelmZRvaneloba Zalian nerviulobda.
satelefono kavSirebi gaxSirda, dadebiTi muxti mindoda, siTbo, siyvaruli
momenatra, dedas vurekavdi, meSinoda, cremlad viRvrebodi.
davadeqiT gzas navsayudelisken. gori dabombili dagvixvda. sapatrulo policiam
ukan mogvabruna. is Rame TbilisSi TeTrad gavaTene. Tvalwin Camiqrola Cemi cxovrebis
kadrebma. moZRvari telefoniT mlocavda: ,,iloce mariam da gaZlierdio.“
meore diliT isev davadeqiT gzas Sinisaken, usaSvelod rom gagvigrZelda. bavSvebi
erTmaneTs vamxnevebdiT, vgalobdiT, vloculobdiT, sasowarkveTili vmRerodiT.
ra damaviwyebs TviTmxilvelTa gancdebs. vxedavdiT rogor ixokda pirs Suaxnis
qali, rogor qviTinebda inteligenti. gzad cxinvalidan gamoqceuli mamakaci
dagvemgzavra, ojaxis wevrebi dasavleTSi gamoexizna. zustad ar icoda sad SeiZleboda
yofiliyvnen. roca suraTis gadaReba vcade, cremlebi gadmoscvivda, movubodiSe da
110
movexvie.
gancda... SiSi... tkivili... sasowarkveTa... da mainc amayi suli. dabombil gorSi
rom gamoviareT, daviviwyeT yovelgvari safrTxe da mikroavtobusidan saqarTvelos
droSis frialiT, himniT da xmamaRali SeZaxilebiT protests vucxadebdiT ruseTis
agresias. vumtkicebdiT yvelas, rom saqarTvelo ar Seurigdeba morCilebas,
teritoriuli mTlianobis darRvevas, moigeriebs daTvis torebs, fexze wamodgeba,
gamTliandeba da gabrwyindeba.
axla Tamamad SemiZlia viyviro da yvelas gavagebino rom me samSoblo, Cemi
saqarTvelo miyvars! saqarTvelos droSa arasodes daeSveba Cems sulSi!
marex tuRuSi (XII kl)
mofiqrebisaTvis drois limiti moswavles stimuls aZlevs, imdeni
azri Caiweros, ramdenic ki SesaZlebelia. ideebis CamonaTvals, romelic
swrafad werisas Cndeba, jer patar-patara jgufebs gaacnoben, Semdeg ki
mTel klass. azrebis gaziarebis Semdeg teqsts kiTxuloben da masze
msjeloben. Semdeg swrafad weris dros warmoSobil azrebs xelaxla
ubrundebian, rom TiToeuli gamonaTqvamis safuZvlianobaSi darwmundnen.
gundurimxatvruliwera
moswavleebi iyofian jgufebad. TiToeuljgufs evalebagansazRvrul
droSisaerTo ZalebiTmoamzadonTiToprozaulinawarmoebi. SeTavazebuli
an arCeuli Temis mixedviT.
rCevebi maswavleblisagan:
daasrule moTxroba;
warmoidgine, rogor ganviTardeboda nawarmoebSi movlenebi, vTqvaT,
20 wlis Semdeg;
moqmedeba gadaitane sxva epoqaSi;
Secvale personaJi;
dasrulebulteqstebs akrefen kompiuterSi daamzadebennawarmoebs
prezentaciisaTvis. esaa cocxaliSemoqmedebiTikomunikaciis,
mxatvruliTanaSemoqmedebisprocesi.
erTad wera
weriTi samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis:
jgufi iyofa ,,pirvel” da ,,meore” wyvilebad, eZlevaT davaleba,
Seadginon moTxroba.
111
instruqcia ,,pirvel wyvils”: ,,Tqveni moTxrobis personaJia
savarZels mijaWvuli 14 wlis biWi, romelic SesaniSnavad flobs
kompiuters da aqvs didi fantaziis unari “. instruqcia ,,meore wyvils”:
,,Tqveni moTxrobis personaJia erT maRalmTian sofelSi mcxovrebi
gogona, romelic yoveldRiurad kilometrebs faravs, skolaSi rom
iswavlos.”
samuSaos Sesrulebis pirobaa: orive wyvili sxdeba erTad, eZlevaT
saerTo furceli da avtokalami. dro-10 wuTi.
Sedgenili moTxrobis prezentacia xalisian ganwyobas qmnis.
,,piramiduli istoriebi”
moswavleebs eZlevaT davaleba:
1. winaswar momzadebul piramidis formatSi yovel striqonze
Caweron sxvadasxva metyvelebis nawili raodenobis matebiT. vTqvaT,
pirvel striqonze erTi arsebiTi saxeli, meoreze _ ori zedsarTavi
saxeli, mesameze _ sami garemoeba, meoTxeze ki _ oTxi zmna.
2. maT mierve Camowerili sakvanZo sityvebis gamoyenebiT Seadginon
moTxroba jgufebSi. dro-10 wuTi
moTxrobebi gamoifineba specialurad momzadebul adgilas.
„munji“ gonebrivi ieriSis meTodi _ ideebi iwereba furcelze da
gadaecema sxva monawileebs sakuTari cvlilebebis Sesatanad.
1. moswavleebs jgufebSi dasaxelebuli Temis dasawerad eZlevaT
ori wuTi;
2. Tavis daumTavrebel naSroms TiToeuli bavSvi gadascems
mrgval magidasTan Tavis marcxniv mjdom megobars da agrZelebs
marjvniv myofis dawyebul namuSevars.
3. ase grZeldeba manam, sanam naSromi masve ar daubrundeba.
4. Semdeg TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens Tavis namuSevars.
ese
ese exmareba moswavles warmoaCinos sakuTari miRwevebi, saqmianobis
Sedegebi, gaakeTos warmatebis Tu warumateblobis analizi. ese Sinaarsis
112
mixedviT SeiZleba iyos: kvleviTi, SemoqmedebiTi, pedagogiuri,
mxatvruli, mecnieruli. eses sqema – problemis dasma, problemisadmi
sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva, problemis gadaWris gzebis povna.
weris Tema SeiZleba iyos nebismieri problema an situacia, romelic
regularulad wamoiWreba kursis Seswavlis, praqtikuli saqmianobis,
mecnieruli kvlevis procesSi.
eses gamoyeneba ganapirobebs: problemis zustad gansazRvras;
gadaWris gzebis Ziebas; darwmunebas, rom problemas ramodenime
gamosavali SeiZleba hqondes; gagebas, rom avtors pasuxismgebloba
ekisreba problemis gadaWraSi; gaazrebas, rom avtors ese daexmareba
rogorc swavlebaSi, aseve pirovnuli warmatebis miRwevaSi;
eses gamoyeneba exmareba maswavlebels moswavlis saqmianobis yvelaze
problemuri sferoebis dadgenaSi; gamoavlens, ramdenad mzad aris
moswavle, rogorc momavali specialisti, analizi gaukeTos Tavis
saqmianobas;
aTwuTiani ese gamoyeneba efeqturia sagakveTilo procesSi
moswavleTa CarTvisaTvis. bavSvebi weren sxvadasxva saxis eses
gakveTilze miRebuli informaciis daxmarebiT, ganixilaven nawarmoebis
fragmentis mTavar problemas da ixseneben cxovrebiseul paralelebs,
gadmoscemen sakuTar emociebsa da STabeWdilebebs, pirad an
literaturul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT msjeloben mocemuli Temis
problemebis Sesaxeb (amtkicebs /uaryofs, gamoTqvams varauds, adarebs,
avlebs paralelebs). ese gamoirCeva azrovnebis maneris subieqturobiTa
da TavisuflebiT.
moswavleebs eZlevaT davaleba: 10 wuTSi dawereT ese, magaliTad,
“zneoba da SiSi”, ,,ras niSnavs CemTvis literatura”, ,,siyvaruli da
Tavmoyvareoba”, ,,gaSale yvela furceli...”, ,,Ralati da erTguleba”.
kamaTis gamomwvevi ese xels uwyobs sakuTari poziciis werilobiT
Camoyalibebas, aadvilebs weris process. am strategiis dauflebis
Semdeg moswavleebs SeuZlaT: logikurad da Tanamimdevrulad wera;
werilobiTi argumentirebuli msjeloba, sakuTari naazrevis Cawera,
weriTi naSromis Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba.
am strategiis dasaufleblad moswavleebi asruleben Semdegi saxis
113
aqtivobebs:
arCeven iseT sakiTxs, romelic maTSi interessa da azrTa
sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs;
pirvel abzacSi weren sakuTar pozicias TemasTan dakavSirebiT;
weras iwyeben teqstidan moyvanili citatiT, faqtebiT,
mniSvnelovani gamonaTqvamebiT da sxv.
namuSevars ukiTxaven mewyviles, mianiSneben argumentebs avtoris
poziciis gasamyareblad, Caiweren SeniSvnebs;
gamoTqvamen varauds, rogori daskvna gakeTdeba argumentebis
safuZvelze;
weris dasrulebis Semdeg eses ukiTxaven Tanaklasels: jer
ganixilaven sakuTar pozicias, uziareben erTmaneTs argumentebsa da
daskvnebs, afaseben komentarebiT argumentebisa da daskvnebis
Sesabamisobas.
kidev erTxel gadaxedaven nawerebs da SeaqvT cvlilebebi;
namuSevars akiTxeben msurvelebs;
ormxriv CanawerTa dRiuri
rveulis gverdi gayaviT orad vertikalurad. marcxena grafaSi
CawereT is fraza teqstidan, romelmac didi STabeWdileba moaxdina
Tqvenze.
magaliTisaTvis maswavlebeli Tavad uwers erT frazas.
marjvena grafaSi CawereT SerCeul frazasTan an problemasTan piradi
gamocdileba, damokidebuleba.
TvalsaCinoebisTvis maswavlebeli Tavad uwers erT frazas da
urCevs upasuxon SekiTxvebs: ra mosazrebiT SearCie swored es monakveTi?
raze dagafiqra? raime xom ar gagaxsenda?
gauziareT klass sakuTari Canawerebi.
strategiebi enis normaTa dacvisaTvis
sworadweraaucilebeliaazriszustadgadmocemisaTvis. igi
Cvenikulturis,
114
maTSorisprofesiulikulturiselementia.arsebobskargiqarTulisityva–
wignierikaci, racsworadweris, marTlweriskulturasacgulisxmobs.
orTografiiszogadiwesebis dasaufleblad aucilebelia SeirCes
swori strategiebi. ganvixiloT zogierTi:
gansxvavebuli tipis teqstebis Seqmna maTi enobrivi Taviseburebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT
davaleba 1. Seqmeni aRweriTi tipis teqstebi aRwerisaTvis Sesaferisi
enobrivi saSualebebis _ gansazRvrebebis, Sedarebebis, epiTetebis,
metaforebis _ gamoyenebiT:
davaleba 2.fotosuraTis mixedviT
a) portreti aRuwere gamomZiebels, eWvmitanilis suraTis
dasamzadeblad
b) aRwere portreti ise, rom Candes Seni subieqturi damokidebuleba.
davaleba 3.warmoidgineT, rom Tqvens klasSi axali moswavle
gadmodis. daiyaviT oTxkacian jgufebad da TiToeulma jgufma aRwereT
skolis Senobis romelime adgili SerCeviT. mag.: sportuli darbazi.
holi, sasadilo, biblioTeka, samaswavleblo. werilobiTi aRwera
gaugzavneT axal moswavles.
davaleba 4.daiyaviT oTxkacian jgufebad da TiToeulma jgufma
moamzadeT winadadebebi sameurveo sabWosTvis an direqtorisTvis
warsadgenad. aRwereT is problemebi, romelic, Tqveni azriT, arsebobs
skolaSi da unda Seicvalos sasikeTod; mizezebi, Tu ratomaa
aucilebeli cvlileba; Tqveni mosazrebebi, Tu rogori unda gaxdes
skola. dasrulebuli samuSao gadaaTeTreT da Tu saWirod migaCniaT,
warudgineT sameurveo sabWos.
davaleba 5.aRwereT Tqveni poziciidan raime movlena, CamoayalibeT
werilobiT Tqveni gamokveTili TvalTaxedva ise, rom sxvamac
Tqvennairad aRiqvas igi (magaliTad, Tqveni fanjridan danaxuli samyaro,
Tqveni TvaliT danaxuli avadmyofi lekvi da a. S.)
davaleba 6.aRwereT buneba da miusadageT is Tqvens ganwyobas.
teqstebis modelireba
I. TxrobiTi xasiaTis teqstis modelirebisaTvis:
115
instruqcia: Txrobis gamomsaxvelobiTi Zala movlenaTa da adamianTa
moqmedebebis cxadad, cxovlad warmodgenaSia da wamyvani roli TxrobaSi
ekuTvnis struqturas, siuJets, ganviTarebas.
maswavlebeli grafikulad gamosaxavs dafaze an monitorze
TxrobiTi xasiaTis teqstis struqturas: eqspozicia, kvanZis Sekvra,
moqmedebis ganviTareba, kulminacia, kvanZis gaxsna, dasasruli.aZlevs
moswavleebs davalebebs teqstis modelirebisTvis:
davaleba 1. ganmarteT mniSvneloba terminebisa: eqspozicia, kvanZis
Sekvra, moqmedebis ganviTareba, kulminacia, kvanZis gaxsna da
gansazRvreT, ra saxis teqstisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli maTi gamoyeneba;
davaleba 2., gamoyaviT mocemuli moTxrobis struqturuli
maxasiaTeblebi, gamosaxeT grafikulad.
davaleba 3. upasuxeT SekiTxvebs: rogor fiqrobT, SesaZlebelia, rom
moTxrobaSi ar iyos siuJetis ganviTarebis romelime etapi, vTqvaT,
kulminacia an kvanZis gaxsna?
davaleba 4.SeadgineT sxvadasxva asakobrivi auditoriisTvis
gaTvlili moTxroba sqemis mixedviT. amasTan, maswavlebelma SeiZleba
SesTavazos maT: a) mxolod sqema; b) dasawyisi; g) dasawyisi da
dasasruli; d) Sua nawili; e) sakvanZo sityvebi; v) mxolod zmnebi.
II. daakvirdiT, ra struqturuli elementebi gamoiyofa msjelobis
tipis teqstebSi;
gansazRvreT auditoria, romeli profesiis adamianebisTvisaa
gankuTvnili mocemuli teqsti.
III. auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT dawereT ramdenime nimuSi
aRwerisa:
aRwereT statiisaTvis Tqveni sayvareli msaxiobis an momRerlis
garegnoba-portreti;
aRwereT, gauwieT reklama romelime teqnikur aparats;
aRwereT Tqveni qalaqis an soflis xedebi;
aRwereT buneba da miusadageT is Tqvens ganwyobas.
saqmiani qaRaldebis warmoeba
saqmiani qaRaldebis wera ganekuTvneba oficialur-saqmian stils da
116
SeiZleba iyos Semdegi tipis: sainformacio, yofiT-aRweriTi,
procedurul-aRweriTi, sadiskusio, axsna-ganmartebiTi, samecniero-
popularuli.
oficialur-saqmiani weris saxeebia: yofiTi aRwera, angariSi,
avtobiografia, axsna-ganmarteba, sareklamo teqsti, piradi werili,
moxsenebiTi baraTi, gancxadeba, xelwerili, mindobiloba, cnoba, oqmi,
anketa, xelSekruleba.
oficialur-saqmiani qaRaldebis weris dasaufleblad moswavleebs
utardebaT instruqtaJi, efeqturia ,,roliT TamaSis” aqtivobis
gamoyeneba.
moswavleebi dafaze Camoweren saqmiani qaRaldebis saxeebs.
jgufis erTi nawili airCevs maTgan erT-erTs da weren Sesabamis
teqsts.
sxva jgufi ,,Seqmnis“ organizacias, romelic miiRebs saqmian
qaRaldebs, Seafasebs, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Camoayalibebs werilobiT
saqmiani qaRaldebis warmoebis wesebs da warudgens werilis avtors.
saqmiani qaRaldebi SeiZleba iyos: oficialuri da saqmiani
korespondenciis Sedgena_gaformeba; ,,organizaciis” sareklamo teqstis
Seqmna; miwvevis, madlobisa da bodiSis werilebis Sedgena enisa da
stilis gaTvaliswinebiT; axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTis, gancxadebis,
oqmis,aqtisa da brZanebis, angariSis daweris wesebi.
saqmianoba warimarTeba ise, rom TandaTan yvela moswavle daeuflos
saqmiani qaRaldebis warmoebas.
saqmiani qaRaldebis warmoebis weris procesSi gansakuTrebiT
problemuria avtobiografiis dawera da anketis Sevseba, rac arcTu
iSviaTad gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs sxvadasxva konkursSi gasvlisaTvis,
mniSvnelovan adgils iWers dasaqmebasa da sxva cxovrebiseul
movlenebSi.
biblioTekiT sargebloba
biblioTekaSi muSaobis unar-Cvevebze dasaufleblad erovnuli
saswavlo gegmis moTxovniT (2007, 20) moswavleebs specialuri dro unda
gamoeyos biblioTekaSi muSaobisaTvis, mieceT maT iseTi davalebebi,
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biblioTekis gamoyenebas rom saWiroebs. magaliTad:
Temis dasamuSaveblad saWiro literaturis mosaZebnad gamoiyeneT
anbanuri da sistemuri katalogi;
gamoiyeneT TqvenTvis xelmisawvdomi sacnobaro literatura.
weriTi davalebis Sesasruleblad gaecaniT wyaroebs, miuTiTeT
dasaxeleba, avtori, weli, SeiZleba gverdi.
internetresursebis gamoyeneba
gansakuTrebiT popularuli gaxda internetresursebis gamoyeneba. am
mimarTebiT SesaZlebelia Semdeg weriT davalebebze muSaoba:
moiZieT internetSi is wyaroebi, romliTac SegiZliaT isargebloT
ama Tu im Temaze muSaobisas. daaxarisxeT mopovebuli masala.
CaerTeT literaturul forumSi an TviTon gaakeTeT axali
forumis organizeba;
dawereT gamoxmaureba eleqtronul gazeTSi gamoqveynebul
statiaze;
SeqmeniT veb-gverdis dizaini;
CaerTeT eleqtronul mimoweraSi;
monawileoba miiReT konkursebSi, vTqvaT, saukeTeso literaturuli
CanTis Sesaqmnelad da a. S.
aqve aRvniSnavT, rom Cven mier Seqmnili literaturuli CanTa,
konkursSi gamarjvebuli nimuSi Temaze: `Rirsebis dacvis problema revaz
inaniSvilis moTxrobebSi~ ganTavsebulia irmis naxtomis veb gverdze:
http://www.dlf.ge/ge/projects/batumi21/DISKUSIA.pdf
kompiuteruli teqnikis gamoyeneba
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs :
proeqtis, referatis, moxsenebis da misT. Sesaqmnelad, maTi akreba-
redaqtireba-koreqtirebisaTvis gamoiyenos kompiuteruli teqnika;
Seqmnas naSromis saprezentacio versia da gamoiyenos proeqtori;
mosmenil nawarmoebze, nanax filmze werilobiT gadmosces
sakuTari STabeWdileba.
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Sesrulebisas isini Tavad gamoiyeneben sxvadasxvagvar auditoriasa
da miznebTan Sesabamis saSualebebs (magaliTad, mwerlis, sazogado
moRvawis gamonaTqvamebis / mosazrebebis damowmeba, mimarTvis an emociis
gamoxatvis formebi da sxva); weren konkretul problemaze sxvadasxva
poziciidan da sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis (magaliTad, skolaSi
arsebuli problemuri situaciis Sesaxeb mSoblis, Tavad moswavlis,
direqtoris da a. S. poziciidan); warmoadgenen problemuri sakiTxis
Sesaxeb informacias darwmunebis, TanagrZnobis, gamowvevis motiviT;
aformeben teqsts asakisa da codnis donis gaTvaliswinebiT da sxv.
magaliTad, or jgufs eZleva erTi davaleba. maT unda moifiqron
Temis Sesavali werilobiT da warmoudginon Sesabamis auditorias
imgvarad, rom miipyron msmenelis yuradReba (Tundac TvalsaCinoebis,
sqemebis, plakatebis, video da audiodiskebis da sxva saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT).
strategia testebis amoxsna
calkeul Temebze moswavleebs miewodebaT testebi amosaxsnelad.
moswavleebi TviTon adgenen testebs.
gasaTvaliswinebelia: testi unda iyos Tematurad gamarTuli, testis
amoxsnis pirobebi _ mkafio da naTeli;
strategia wera moulodnel Temaze
dawereT Tema: ,,TeTri fifqebi cviodnen TrTolviT, Cven ar gvesmoda
CurCuli maTi...”
dawereT Tema: ,,qarma gamomwvevad Wadars Cauqrola da erT lamaz
foTols guli auTrTola...”
dawereT sareklamo teqsti Temaze...
dawereT wamyvanis teqsti gadacemisaTvis ,,me TviTon...”
strategia weriTi samuSaos gaanalizebaSi moswavlisadmi daxmareba
weriTi namuSevris Sefaseba rTuli saqmea, rogorc maswavleblisaTvis,
aseve moswavleebisaTvis.
maswavlebelma SeiZleba mniSvnelovani daxmareba gauwios moswavles.
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ganvixiloT moswavlis mier sakuTari namuSevris Sefasebis unaris
ganviTarebaSi daxmarebis gzebi. es unari aucilebelia moswavlisaTvis,
rogorc individualuri, aseve jgufuri muSaobis dros sasurveli
Sedegis misaRwevad.
I etapi. weriTi namuSevris ganxilvis Semdeg maswavlebeli svams
kiTxvebs:
ras grZnobdiT weriTi samuSaos dros?
Seni azriT, ra aris teqstis Zlieri mxare?
ra gagiZneldaT yvelaze metad?
rogor moaxerxe siZneleebis gadalaxva?
giCndeba Tu ara rCevis miRebis survili samuSaos redaqtirebamde?
refleqsia: davaleba individualuri muSaobisaTvis: airCieT erT-
erTi strategia da aRwereT misi gamoyenebis procesi.
prezentaciisTvis dro... wuTi
proeqtis dawera, rogorc swavlisadmi mizanswrafuli
damokidebulebis kompetenciis misaRwevi strategia
swavlisadmi mizanswrafva, uwyveti (mTeli sicocxlis manZilze)
swavlis Cveva gulisxmobs faseuli mizandasaxulebis arsebobas; igi
sakvanZo kompetenciaa da misi miRwevis procesSi, mniSvnelovani
strategiaa proeqtis dawera.
proeqti esaa konkretuli problemis gadaWris an iniciativis
ganxorcielebisken mimarTuli mravalmxrivi samuSao, romelsac
moswavleebi SedarebiT xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi asruleben da
Semdeg warudgenen mTel klass an farTo auditorias.
proeqtis werisas bavSvebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba, TviTon gaakeTon
aRmoCenebi garemosTan uSualo urTierTobis saSualebiT. moswavleTa
motivacias mniSvnelovnad zrdis proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli
RonisZiebebis, werasTan dakavSirebul aqtivobaTa mravalferovneba:
moZiebuli informaciis daxarisxeba, sqemebsa da cxrilebSi
moqceva;
scenaris dawera filmisaTvis;
mogzauris dRiuris warmoeba;
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piesis Seqmna speqtaklisaTvis;
literaturuli Canaxatis, poeziis nimuSebis Seqmna;
radiogadacemis momzadeba;
statiebis dawera kedlis gazeTisaTvis;
moxsenebebis, referatebis dawera;
Canawerebis Seqmna monitoringisaTvis;
proeqtis angariSis momzadeba;
saklubo da salonuri muSaoba;
Catarebuli kvleva stimuls aZlevs maT axali samuSaos
Casatareblad, uviTarebs pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas, aswavlis samuSaos
dagegmvas, miznis dasaxvas, amocanebis gansazRvras dasaxuli miznis
gansaxorcieleblad.
proeqti SeiZleba Sesruldes individualurad, wyvilebSi an
jgufurad; erTi an ramdenime sagnis farglebSi (saganTa integracia);
proeqtze muSaobis dros moswavles sWirdeba SemoqmedebiToba,
realuri problemis gadasaWrelad SeZenili codnis gamoyeneba,
sainformacio sivrceSi orientaciisa da damoukidebeli swavlis unar-
Cvevebi.
saswavlo proeqtis dagegmvisasgasaTvaliswinebelia:
ramdenad mniSvnelovania problema, romelic kvlevas iTxovs;
mosalodneli Sedegebi warmoadgendes siaxles (obieqturs an
subieqturs);
arsebobdes arCevanis gakeTebis saSualeba, rac moswavleTa
pasuxismgeblobis zrdas iwvevs;
ase, magaliTad, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs:
gansazRvreT TqvenTvis mniSvnelovani problema, werilobiT
CamoayalibeT, Tqven mier arCeuli kvlevis meTodebi da problemis
gadaWris gzebi.
SearCieT mocemuli problemis kvlevis meTodebi da problemis
gadaWris gzebi.
damoukideblad gadaWeriT problema, maswavleblis mier
rekomendebuli kvlevis meTodebiT SemoTavazebul proeqtSi.
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proeqtis Sefasebisas aucileblad unda mivuTiToT is savaraudo
kriteriumi, romelic gansazRvravs mis warmatebas da romelsac
viTvaliswinebT werilobiTi namuSevris Sefasebisas mag.:
1. sxvadasxva Janrisa da saxis teqstebis werilobiT struqtuireba
da organizeba, sadac mJRavndeba misi literaturuli gemovneba,
SemecnebiTi interesebi, SemoqmedebiTi moTxovnilebebi.
2. gramatikis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis wesebis Segnebulad
gamoyeneba teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad
3. sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis
werilobiTi teqstis SeTxzva
4. werilobiT teqstebSi sakuTari poziciisa da RirebulebiTi
damokidebulebebis sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT warmoCena
5. sxvadasxva tipis werilobiTi teqstebis Sefaseba maTi
sakomunikacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT.
6. kvlevis Sedegebis analizis unari;
7. Sejameba da Canawerebis gakeTeba;
8. warmodgenili namuSevris organizeba;
proeqti ganxorcielebulad CaiTvleba, Tuki misi Sedegebi
TvalsaCinod da damajereblad aris warmodgenili (werilobiTi
dokumenti, maketi, inscenireba, debatebi, aqcia, Tanmimdevruli
RonisZiebebi).
proeqtis Temebis SerCeva SesaZlebelia maswavleblisa da
moswavleebis TanamSromlobiT. proeqtis nimuSebs Semdgom paragrafebSi
warmovadgenT.
kubis meTodi
kubis meTodis daniSnulebaa kiTxvas, werasa da azrovnebas Soris
kavSiris damyareba. meTodis gamoyenebisaTvis saWiroa 15-20sm-is zomis
waxnagebiani kubis formis yuTi. TiToeul waxnagze dawerilia sityvebi:
aRwere, Seadare, gaaanalize, daicavi, sawinaaRmdego gamoTqvi, Seafase.
TiToeuli ujris Sesafaseblad dro 5-7 wuTiT ganisazRvreba. weris
dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi wyvilebsa an jgufebSi erTmaneTs
acnoben nawers, gamoTqvamen azrs, _ ra moewonaT, ra gaiges an piriqiT.
kubis meTodis gamoyeneba moswavleebs exmareba:
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damoukidebli, SemoqmedebiTi weris unaris ganviTarebaSi;
sakuTari Tavisadmi rwmenis ganmtkicebaSi;
sxvisi azris Sefasebisa da gaziarebis SiSis daZlevaSi;
garkveuli Temis irgvliv mravalferovani mosazrebebis
formulirebaSi.
meTodis gamoyenebaze dasaufleblad Tavdapirvelad moswavleebs
eZlevaT instruqtaJi:
aRwereT: sagani, movlena, faqti, pirovneba garkveuli
maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT;
SeadareT: ras gaxsenebT? risgan gansxvavdeba? ra Tavisebureba
axasiaTebs? daukavSireT nacnob an ucnob sagnebs, movlenebs, adamianebs.
gaaanalizeT: dawereT 4-5 postulati, rac msjelobis saSualebas
mogcemT. ram gamoiwvia? ra faqtorebma ganapiroba? ra Seicvala? raze
moaxdina zemoqmedeba? SegiZliaT gamoTqvaT varaudebi.
daicaviT: moiyvaneT damcavi argumentebi, ratom fiqrobT ase? ra
argumentebi gaqvT saamisod?
sawinaaRmdego gamoTqviT: gamoTqviT sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi,
daasaxeleT mizezebi.
Seafase: SeajameT naazrevi da gamoitaneT daskvna.
SerCeuli strategiebi mravalferovania, cxadia, dauflebas dro
sWirdeba. gasaTvaliswinebulia, rom weris strategiebis dauflebas
erovnuli saswavlo gegma dawyebiTi klasebidan iTvaliswinebs, rac
erTgvar baziss qmnis. strategiebis daufleba gacnobis procesSi
garkveul siZneles qmnis, magram Semdeg Tanamimdevruli sistemuri
muSaobiT TandaTan ioldeba da moswavlis mier weriTi namuSevris
warmatebiT Sesrulebis saSualeba xdeba.
$ 4. weris swavlebis koordinacia sagnobrivi kaTedris meSveobiT
sagnobriv kaTedras didi rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia maswavlebelTa
profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis. viziarebT paata papavas rekomendacias
,,profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis gaweuli muSaoba orientirebulia
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urTierTTanamSromlobaze, sistemurobaze, Sedegianobaze... maswavlebelTa
tradiciuli Semowmeba Canacvlebulia kolegialurobiT da mini
kvlevebiT... maswavleblebs mniSvnelovani cvlileba SeaqvT swavlebasa da
SefasebaSi (p. papava, 2005: 91).
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT gansazRvrulia sagnobrivi
kaTedris raoba da funqciebi.
yvela skolaSi, sadac ori an meti qarTuli enisa da literaturis
maswavlebelia, iqmneba qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebelTa
kaTedra. misi muSaobis funqciebia:
qarTuli enisa da literaturiskoordinacia;
erTmaneTis gamocdilebis gaziareba, warmatebis winapirobebis
gansazRvra da problemis gadaWris gzebis Zieba.
saxelmZRvanelos SerCeva;
sxva sagnobrivi jgufis maswavlebelTan kooordinirebuli muSaoba;
profesiuli gzebis dasaxva;
rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba damxmare saswavlo masalebisa da
biblioTekisaTvis saWiro wignebis Sesaxeb;
rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba axali midgomebisa da meTodologiebis
Sesaxeb;
kaTedris efeqturi muSaobisaTvis sasurvelia Tavmjdomaris arCeva
erTi wlis vadiT. Tavmjdomaris funqciebia:
regularuli Sexvedrebis organizacia;
kaTedris gadawyvetilebis miwodeba skolis mmarTvelobisaTvis
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi;
profesiuli ganaTlebis sasargeblo RonisZiebebis organizacia:
treningebis, seminarebis, konferenciebis da sxvaTa mowyoba.
kaTedras SeuZlia daawesos prizi maswavleblisa da moswavlisaTvis.
kaTedris wevrebi regularulad unda Seikribon (minimum erTxel TveSi).
aucilebelia Sekreba saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi. sxva sakiTxebTan erTad
xdeba saxelmZRvanelos arCeva, programis gansazRvra: ganixileba
sagnobrivi programebis standartebis Sesrulebis mimdinareoba, xolo
wlis bolos Sefasdeba, Tu ra xarisxiT iqna SesaZlebeli yvela
moswavlisaTvis sagnobriv programebSi aRwerili Sedegebis miRweva.
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kaTedris MmuSaobis miznebi da amocanebia:
moswavleze orientirebuli swavleba;
pedagogiuri siaxleebi, rogorc swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebis
mxardamWeri;
swavlebis miznebisa da amocanebis Sesabamisoba programis
moTxovnebTan;
swavlebis strategiebis sworad SerCeva;
saswavlo procesis dagegmvaSi moswavleebis monawileoba;
kvalifikaciis amaRlebis waxaliseba;
swavlebis ganviTarebis proeqtebi;
swavlebis strategiebis SerCeva miznis Sesabamisad;
informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebis mkafio
da praqtikuli xedva da gamoyeneba;
saswavlo resursebis SerCeva, damzadeba, gamoyeneba;
swavlis Sefasebis formebis gamoyeneba;
moswavleTa codnis Sefasebis kriteriumis gansazRvra;
sxvadasxva programis treningebiT pedagogiuri unarebis srulyofa;
sagnobrivi kaTedris meSveobiT safexurebis mixedviT weris
arsebuli viTarebis gaanalizebis Semdeg Sedgeba programa _
swavleba/swavlis axali midgomebis danergva sabazo da saSualo
safexurze weris kompetenciebis sasurveli donis miRwevisaTvis.
miznis misaRwevad erTi sagnobrivi kaTedris farglebSi aseve sxva
kaTedrebTan urTierTobiT kaTedra problemis gadaWris gunduri
TanamSromlobis SesaZleblobas iZleva.
samoqmedo programaSi gaiTvaliwinebs Semdeg sakiTxebs:
I. weris Sedegebis (susti da Zlieri mxareebis) gamovlena pirveli
semestris mixedviT.
II. weris warmatebuli Sedegebis miRwevis gamocdilebis Seswavla,
ganzogadeba. am mimarTebiT Catardeba: 1. Ria gakveTilebi: a)wera
CarTulia sagakveTilo procesSi. b)gakveTilis mizania weris
kompetenciebis daufleba. g)weris miRweuli kompetenciebis gamoyeneba da
ganviTareba integrirebul gakveTilebze. 2. wris mecadineobebi
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Tavisufali daswrebiT; 3. klasis saaTi _ weriT miRweuli kompetenciebis
gamoyeneba; 4. Sexvedra-dialogi ,,maswavleblis profesiuli portreti.
III. weris swavleba/swavlisas gamovlenili siZneleebis dasaZlevad
treningebis Catareba:
weris strategiebi da maTi gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRwevis maxasiaTeblebi.
wera integrirebul gakveTilebze.
weriTi namuSevrebis Sefaseba.
IV. seminarebis Catareba.
wera sawreo muSaobis xarisxis asamaRleblad.
wera _ ,,klasis saaTisadmi” interesisa da motivirebis efeqturi
saSualeba.
,,weris seminarebi” saxelmZRvanelos mixedviT.
V. leqcia SekveTiT: kompetenciis raoba da misi miRwevis
maxasiaTeblebi. programa iTvaliswinebs maswavlebelTa profesiuli
ostatobis amaRlebas skolis doneze. yoveli saqmianobis Semdeg xdeba
cvlilelebi maswavleblis Sefasebis diagnostikur rukaze, sadac
aRiniSneba: a)gamocdileba, romelic gaziarebulia sxvebis mier;
b)semestris ganmavlobaSi daZleuli problema; g)problema, romelzec
muSaobs axal semestrSi.moswavleTa weriTi namuSevrebis gasworeba,
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Semajamebeli weris Sefaseba, kaTedris erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani problemaa. kaTedris wevrebi ASeimuSaveben weris
ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis erTian kriteriumebs, sqemebs.aucilebeli
moTxovnaa, rom Sefasebis kriteriumebi moswavleebisaTvis cnobili iyos
weris dawyebamde.
gTavazobT ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis praqtikaSi gamoyenebul
kriteriumebs, romelic ganapirobebs Sefasebis obieqturobis,
validurobis principebis dacvas.
1. naweris Sinaarsis TemasTan, saTaurTan Sesabamisoba.
2. weris strategiis SemoqmedebiTad gamoyeneba.
3. sakuTari damokidebulebis mkafiod gamoxatva.
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4. teqstis (an wyaroebis) codna, citatebis an mosazrebis
miznobrivad CarTva.
5. naweris stilis Sesabamisi sruqturis dacva.
6. orTografiuli Secdomebis raodenoba.
7. enobrivi normebis dacva.
8. leqsikuri simdidre.
CavatareT kvleva, romlis mizani iyo gamocdilebis gaziarebasTan
damokidebulebis Seswavla.
kvlevis meTodi: kvleviTi ese: `ra Semata werasTan dakavSirebiT Cems
pedagogiur gamocdilebas kaTedraze muSaobam”. eses analizis Sedegad
cxadi gaxda, rom maswavleblebi mxars uWeren sakiTxis konkretulad
ganxilvas, Seswavlas, Tvlian, rom bevri ram Secvales weris
swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi, kerZod, gamoiyenes axali strategiebi,
gaerkvnen kompetenciis miRwevis maxasiaTeblebSi, moswonT SemoqmedebiTi
Ziebis atmosfero, kaTedras miiCneven gunduri TanamSromlobis saukeTeso
saSualebad
sagnobrivi kaTedris meSveobiT ganxorcielda qarTuli enisa da
literaturis maswavlebelTa TanamSromloba weris swavleba/swavlis
TviTSefasebisa da ukeTesi gzebis ZiebisaTvis; xeli Seewyo sxva
sagnobrivi jgufis maswavleblebTan koordinirebul muSaobas.
kaTedris sxdomaze ganixileba weris gakveTilebis dagegmvis
resursebi, magaliTad, weris gakveTilebis Tematika moklevadiani
dagegmvisaTvis.
I. weris forma teqstis gagebisaTvis:
a)ese _ ,,haji usufis ganaCeni-zneobrivi sasjeli visTvis?”
wyaroebi: akaki wereTeli ,,gamzrdeli”; akaki baqraZe ,,zneobrivi
gmirisaTvis”.
b) Txzuleba _ ,,mindias filosofia”
wyaroebi: vaJa-fSavela `gvelismWameli; akaki baqraZe-,,vaJas mrwamsi”;
grigol kiknaZisa da Tamaz Cxenkelis kritikuli werilebi.
g) referati _ `paralelebi poemasa da Tqmulebas Soris” (vaJas
,,baxtrionis mixedviT)
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wyaroebi: vaJa-fSavela `baxtrioni”, grigol kiknaZe ,,vaJa-fSavela”;
aka morCilaZe ,,glexi, mRvdlis Svili”; sandro razikaSvili
`mogonebani”.
II. Semajamebeli weriTi samuSao:
a) kritikuli mimoxilva _ `realoba emociebiT da uemociod” (mixeil
javaxiSvili ,,lambalo da yaSa”.
b) Txzuleba ,,monoba Tu erTguleba” (leo qiaCeli ,,haki aZba’);
g) teqstis enobriv-mxatvruli analizi ,,mwerlis sityvis gavlena”
(revaz inaniSvili ,,lara”).
III. mwerlis biografiis gavleba mis Semoqmedebaze _ ,,respodentis
fsiqologiuri portreti” (goderZi Coxelis ,,cxra SekiTxva siyvarulis
Sesaxeb”).
IV. naTargmni nawarmoebis analizi _ `saTauri da Sinaarsi” (ernest
heminguei ,,TeTri spiloebis msgavsi mTebi”. Targmani vaxtang WeliZisa)
V. analitikuri komentari _ ,,fiqrebi romanis wakiTxvis Semdeg”.
wyaroebi: jerom selinjeri ,,TamaSi Wvavis yanaSi”, rostom CxeiZe ,,neta
cocxalia jerom selinjeri?”.
VI. interpretacia da sakuTari Tvalsazrisi _ `Tavsafriani dedakaci”.
wyaroebi: niko lorTqifaniZe `Tavsafriani dedakaci”; merab mamardaSvili
,,cocxali sxeuli”; guram asaTiani ,,qarTuli sulis esTetikuri
bunebisaTvis”.
VII. moxseneba integrirebuli gakveTilisaTvis _ `mxatvruli da
istoriuli sinamdvile”. wyaroebi: konstantine gamsaxurdia ,,didostatis
konstantines marjvena”; wigni ,,qarTlis cxovreba”; anania jafariZe
,,qarTuli eklesiis istoria”.
Tavi III _ weris Sefaseba _ moswavlis warmatebuli Sedegis
misaRwevad gaweuli daxmareba
$ 1. Sefasebis axali sistemis gamoyeneba weris Sefasebisas
ganaTlebis sistemis winaSe, Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisad,
dadga amocana _ uzrunvelyos TiToeuli adamiani iseTi codniTa da
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unar-CvevebiT, romlebic daexmareba mas arCevanis gakeTebaSi, swori
gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, problemis gadaWraSi, mudmivad cvalebad
demokratiul garemosTan SeguebaSi. am cvlilebebis konteqstSi
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis
Sefasebas, rogorc swavleba/swavlis procesis erT-erT yvelaze
mniSvnelovan nawils. erovnuli saswavlo gegma gvTavazobs Sefasebis
mravalkomponentian sistemas.
Sefasebis sistema aris Sefasebis erTiani meTodi, romelic
xorcieldeba sxvadasxva institucionalur doneze. saqarTvelos
zogadsaganmanaTleblo sistemaSi axali saswavlo gegmis (2007) mixedviT
gamoiyofa Sefasebis sistemis ramdenime done.
1. erovnuli Sefasebis sistema, romlis saSualebiTac
saxelmwifo amowmebs, ramdenad Seesabameba moswavleTa miRwevebi
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT dadgenil miRwevaTa doneebs da ramdenad
realuria am doneebis daZleva.
2. saskolo Sefasebis sistema, romlis saSualebiTac skola
adgens moswavleTa miRwevebis Sesabamisobas skolis saswavlo gegmiTa da
sagnobrivi standartebiT gansazRvrul moTxovnebTan.
3. moswavlis Sefasebis sistema, romlis saSualebiTac
maswavlebeli adgens TiToeuli moswavlis akademiur moswrebas skolis
Sefasebis zogad principebze dayrdnobiT.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli Sefasebis sistema
aTquliania. 10 saukeTeso qulaa, 1 _ yvelaze dabali.
qulebi 9-10 7-8 5-6 3-4 1-2
Sefasebis doneebi
maRali saSualoze
maRali saSualo
saSualoze dabali
dabali
Sefasebis principebia: sandooba, validuroba, obieqturoba,
gamWvirvaloba.
Sefaseba sandoa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis Sedegebi
identuria, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin, sad an rodis afasebs moswavlis
mier erTi da imave sakiTxis codnas. mag. Sefaseba sando iqneba mxolod
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac:
sxvadasxva maswavlebeli erTsa da imave pasuxs erTnairad afasebs.
129
erTi maswavlebeli erTnair pasuxs yovelTvis erTnairad afasebs.
Sefasebis sandoobas uzrunvelyofs mkafiod Camoyalibebuli
sakiTxebi da davalebis instruqciebi, zustad gansazRvruli Sefasebis
kriteriumebi da gamsworeblis kvalifikacia.
Sefaseba validuria anu mizanTan Sesabamisi, rodesac maswavlebeli
afasebs zustad imas, ris Sefasebasac igi am konkretul SemTxvevaSi
isaxavs miznad. magaliTad, Tu Sefasebis mizania komunikaciis dros
konkretuli leqsikuri erTeulebis gamoyenebis unaris Semowmeba, xolo
davaleba mimarTulia gramatikis Sefasebaze, maSin am davalebiT
Tavdapirvel unars ver gavzomavT da Sefasebac aravaliduri, anu
mizanTan Seusabamo iqneba.
Sefaseba obieqturia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis Sedegebi ar
aris damokidebuli Semfaseblis pirad mosazrebebze, mis pirovnul
survilebze an damokidebulebebze. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia, rom
Sefasebis kriteriumi da sqemebi imdenad mkafio da calsaxa iyos, rom
subieqturi gadawyvetilebebisTvis adgili ar rCebodes.
Sefaseba gamWvirvale anu Riaa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis
meqanizmebi da kriteriumebi cnobilia yvela dainteresebuli pirisTvis,
pirvel rigSi ki moswavleebisTvis. SesaZlebelia, rom moswavleebi
Tavadac iRebdnen monawileobas Sefasebis kriteriumebis dadgenaSi da
Sefasebis sqemebis SemuSavebaSi. amiT maT sakuTari codnis Sefasebis
mimarT samarTlianobis grZnoba uyalibdebaT, Sefasebis procesi ki
gamWvirvalobas iZens.
Sefasebis mizania:
moswavleebs: daexmaros swavlaSi, misi meSveobiT gaacnobieron ra
ician, ras miaRwies da ra unda gaaumjobeson; daexmaros swavlis
procesis gaanalizebasa da miznis dasaxvaSi; misces stimuli da
daexmaros iseTi unarebis CamoyalibebaSi, romlebic gamoadgebaT maT
mTeli cxovrebis manZilze.
maswavleblebs: miawodos saswavlo procesis dagegmvisaTvis
aucilebeli informacia; saSualeba misces maT gansazRvron Sesabamisi
mizani da Seafason sakuTari Sromis efeqtianoba,.
skolas, mSoblebs: miawodos informacia moswavleTa miRwevebis
130
Sesaxeb, romelic aucileblad unda iqnas gamoyenebuli skolis
ganviTarebis gegmis Sedgenisas;
Sefasebis gziT:
moswavleebs a)eZlevaT saSualeba, gamoamJRavnon ra ician da risi
gakeTeba SeuZliaT; b)gaewevaT daxmareba, raTa kargad gaaanalizon: risi
gakeTeba SeuZliaT; sferoebi, romlebSic sWirdebaT codnis
gaumjobeseba; g)aqvT SesaZlebloba, Seicnon da ganaviTaron sakuTari
SesaZleblobebi.
maswavlebleblebs SeuZliaT dagegmon da daaxarisxon swavlebisa
da swavlisTvis saWiro aqtivobebi;
mSoblebi arian informirebulni bavSvebis warmatebis Taobaze;
ufro motivirebulni, aqtiurad CaerTon swavlis procesSi;
moswavlis Sefaseba sxvadasxva mizans emsaxureba. Sesabamisad,
arsebobs sxvadasxva, konkretuli miznis Sesabamisi Sefasebis ori
umniSvnelovanesi forma, romelic swavlisa da swavlebis ganuyofel da
sistemur nawils warmoadgens. esaa ganmsazRvreli anu ,,swavlis Sefaseba”
da ganmaviTarebeli anu ,,swavlisaTvis Sefaseba”. mniSvnelovania, rom
maswavlebelma icodes, Tu rodis da ra konkretuli miznisTvis unda
gamoiyenos Sefasebis erTi an meore forma.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania, rom daexmaros moswavles
codnisa da unarebis ganviTarebaSi sxvadasxva rCevis, rekomendaciis Tu
problemis gadaWris gzebis SemuSavebis gziT. xeli Seuwyos
maswavlebels, raTa moswavleebis sisusteebisa da siZliereebis
gaTvaliswinebiT ukeT dagegmos saswavlo procesi da ufro efeqtianad
gansazRvros swavleba / swavlis misaRwevi Sedegebi.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis tipuri formebia zepiri da werilobiTi
komentarebi, romlebic keTdeba semestris ganmavlobaSi an semestris
bolos. komentarebi aRwers moswavlis (da misi namuSevrebis) Zlier da
sust mxareebs da, amavdroulad, Seicavs rekomendaciebs swavlis
gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis gavrcelebuli
formebia Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis cxrilebis gamoyeneba.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba moswavlis ganviTarebaze da swavlebis
xarisxis amaRlebazea orientirebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, aseTi saxis
131
Sefasebisas ar aris savaldebulo, rom maswavlebelma moswavleebs
yovelTvis qula dauweros.
ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizania moswavleTa miRwevebis donis
gansazRvra saswavlo gegmasTan da saswavlo miznebTan mimarTebiT.
ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba, faqtobrivad, aris qula, romelsac
maswavlebeli uwers moswavles konkretuli Temis an sakiTxis
dasrulebis Semdeg semestris ganmavlobaSi an semestris \ wlis bolos.
ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizniT, maswavlebeli iyenebs sxvadasxva
,,Semajamebel” aqtivobebs. mag.: prezentacias, proeqtis ganxilvas, tests,
sakontrolo weras da a. S. ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba Sedegzea
orientirebuli. misi ZiriTadi daniSnuleba swavlebisa da swavlis
Sedegebis Semowmeba-Sefasebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, qulis dawera
ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis savaldebulo moTxovnaa. qulis saxiT micemuli
ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba moswavlis miRwevebis donis ganmsazRvrelia da
mas ar axlavs komentarebi an rekomendaciebi Sedegebis gaumjobesebis
Sesaxeb. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebeli sistematurad iyenebdes orive
saxis Sefasebas. amasTan, sasurvelia, ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis wili
ufro meti iyos, vidre ganmsazRvrelis. maswavlebeli moswavleebis
codnis da maTi unar-Cvevebis Sesafaseblad sxvadasxva meTods iyenebs. es
meTodebia testireba, TviTSefaseba, Tanatolis Sefaseba, maswavleblis
dakvirveba da komentari; moswavleebis mier sakuTari SesaZleblobebis
da miRebuli codnis Sefaseba aris TviTSefaseba, xolo megobris,
Tanaklaselis Sefaseba - TanatolTa Sefaseba;
$ 2. weris Sefasebis da TviTSefasebis sqemebi, meTodebi, formebi
TviTSefasebis an TanatolTa Sefasebis yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli
forma Sefasebis sqemebia. yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevisa da saWiroebis
mixedviT maswavlebeli SeimuSavebs Sefasebis sqemebs;
Canaweri TviTSefasebis erT-erTi formaa, ris saSualebiTac
moswavle obieqturad afasebs sakuTar warmatebebs da problemebs, eZebs
sirTulis gadalaxvis gzebs.
132
TviTSefaseba da TanatolTa Sefaseba Sefasebis is meTodebia,
romlis drosac moswavle damoukideblad, maswavleblis uSualo
monawileobis gareSe adevnebs Tvals codnis miRebis process da afasebs
Tavis SesaZleblobebs. es ki mas damoukideblad swavlis unar-Cvevas
uyalibebs.
Sefasebis mravalferovani formebidan SevarCioT weriTi naSromis
SefasebisTvis Semdegi formebi, meTodebi, sqemebi.
1. weriTi namuSevris Sefasebis cxrili
moswavle ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tema ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
moswavlem: diax ara SeniSvnebi
sworad gansazRvra mizani
gaakeTa marTebuli arCevani
Camoayaliba Tvalsazrisi
dasaxa miznad konkretuli
auditoriisaTvis wera
miusadaga ena Sinaarsi da
formati auditorias
iyenebs am formatis \ auditoriis
Sesabamis leqsikas
azrs naTlad ayalibebs
cdilobs Tavad gaukeTos
redaqtireba sakuTar namuSevars
moswavlis winsvlasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi / momentebi:
sakiTxebi / momentebi, rasac yuradReba unda mieqces:
argumentirebuli Temis Sefasebis rubrika
maxasiaTeblebi
1 _ 2 qula
3 _5 qula
6 _7 qula
8 _10 qula
Tez
isi
ar aris Tezisi
Tezisi aris bundovani
Tezisi damakmayofilebladaa Camoyalibebuli
Tezisi kargadaa Camoyalibebuli
133
Tez
is g
amyareb
a ar
gument
ebiT
a da magal
iTeb
iT ar aris
argumentebi da magaliTebi
aris erTi an ori argumenti, magram isini ar amyareben Teziss
aris argumentebi, amyareben Teziss magram ar aris moyvanili Sesabamisi magaliTebi
Tezisi gamyarebulia argumentebiTa da magaliTebiT
saw
inaaRmd
ego
mosaz
reb
is
ganxil
va
ar aris naxsenebi arc erTi sawinaaRmdego mosazreba
naxsenebia sawinaaRmdego mosazreba, magram ar aris axsnili igi
ganxilulia sawinaaRmdego mosazrebis mizezebi, magram ar aris axsnili, Tu ratom aris sakuTari mosazreba swori
amomwuravad ganxilulia sawinaaRmdego mosazrebis mizezebi da axsnilia, Tu ratom aris sakuTari Sexeduleba swori
Temis
organiz
eba
Tema ar aris organizebuli
Tema organizebulia, magram xandaxan scildeba sakiTxs; xandaxan abzacebi ar aris gamoyofili
Temas aqvs erTmaneTisagan gamijnuli Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna; abzacebi, rogorc wesi, gamoyofilia
Tema kargad aris organizebuli: Sesavali aRZravs mkiTxvelis interess, SesavalSive gadmocemulia Tezisi, aqvs ZiriTadi nawili, romelSic abzacebi kargad aris gamoyofili; aqvs daskvna, romelSic Sejamebulia Temis ZiriTad nawilSi ganxiluli argumentebi
enobrivi
mxar
e
aris Zalian bevri gramatikuli Secdoma; winadadebebi xSirad gaumarTavia
aris gramatikuli Secdomebi; winadadebebi zogjer ar aris kargad gamarTuli
aris zogierTi gramatikuli Secdoma; punqtuacia ar aris yovelTvis daculi
ar gvxvdeba gramatikuli Secdomebi; winadadebebi aris kargad gamarTuli; TiTqmis ar aris punqtuaciuri Secdomebi; sityvebi kargad aris SerCeuli; ar vxvdebiT Jargonebsa da bevr xatovan gamoTqmas
sqema weriTi komunikaciisTvis:
davalebis piroba I: mocemuli biografiuli cnobaris mixedviT
dawere am mwerlis biografia. gamoiyene enobrivi konstruqciebi _ . . . –
mde . . –iT adre; . . . –dan . . . –is Semdeg (mag. Cabarebidan ori wlis
Semdeg . . ). sityvebis minimaluri raodenobaa _ 130.
qulebi
pirobasTan saTanadooba
134
icavs sityvebis raodenobis qveda zRvars 0 - 1
icavspirobisSinaarsobrivmoTxovnebs (wersmocemulbiografiulcnobarzedayrdnobiT, iyenebsmiTiTebulkonstruqcias)
0 - 1
komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebi gasagebad da Tanamimdevrulad gadmoscems
informaciebs 0 - 2
azustebs, rodis ra moxda 0 - 1
enobrivi unar-Cvevebi
iyenebs naswavl gramatikul konstruqciebs, formebs 0 - 2
iyenebs saTanado leqsikas 0 - 1
SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebi
iCens gabedulebas enobrivi TvalsazrisiT 0 - 1
qulaTa maqsimaluri raodenobaa 10
davalebis piroba II: mocemul suraTze dayrdnobiT gadmoeci ambavi _
ra xdeboda suraTis gadaRebamde ori saaTiT adre da ra moxda mis
Semdeg. daazuste personaJTa vinaoba, daaxasiaTe isini, miuTiTe
movlenaTa Tanamimdevroba, dro da adgili. saubris minimaluri dro
_2wT.
qulebi
davalebis pirobasTan Sesabamisoba
icavs drois limits 0 - 1
icavs pirobis Sinaarsobriv moTxovnebs 0 - 1
komunikaciuri unari
Tanamimdevrulad aRwers\gadmoscems moqmedebebs 0 - 2
gansazRvravs moqmedebis drosa da sivrces 0 - 1
saubrobs garkveviT 0 - 1
enobrivi unari
iyenebs naswavl gramatikul konstruqciebs, formebs 0 - 1
iyenebs saTanado leqsikas 0 - 1
SemoqmedebiTi unari
avlens fantaziis unars, originalurobas 0 - 1
iCens gabedulebas enobrivi TvalsazrisiT 0 - 1
qulaTa maqsimaluri raodenobaa 10
weriTi muSaobis holisturi Sefasebis sqema
135
qula
8—10
davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs srulad. azri mkafiod da Tanamimdevrulad aris gadmocemuli. gramatika da leqsika moTxovnis Sesabamisia. Secdomebis raodenoba umniSvneloa
I jgufi
II jgufi
III jgufi
6—7 davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs nawilobriv. azri Tanmimdevrulad mxolod zog SemTxvevaSia gadmocemuli. gramatika da leqsika moTxovnaze martivia. Secdomebis raodenoba zog SemTxvevaSi xels uSlis azris gagebas
3—4 davalebismoTxovnasmxolodmciredpasuxobs. azrisgagebaWirs. gramatikulidaleqsikuriSecdomebiariswinadadebisumetesobaSi
1—2 naweri davalebas ar pasuxobs, azris gageba SeuZlebelia
gasaTvaliswinebelia is kriteriumebi, romelic mocemulia erovnul
gamocdebze weris Sefasebis cxrilebSi
1. weriTi davaleba-Txzuleba
I kriteriumi davalebis adekvaturad gageba da gaazreba qulebi
1. davalebis piroba adekvaturadaa gagebuli, teqsti
Rrmadaa gaazrebuli, naSromSi igrZnoba avtoris
umTavresi saTqmelisa da emociuri mizandasaxulobis
wvdoma
4
2. davalebis piroba da teqsti adekvaturadaa gagebuli 3
3. davalebis piroba da teqsti mTlianobaSi adekvaturadaa
gagebuli da gaazrebuli, Tumca erT SemTxvevaSi
SeiniSneba davalebis pirobis an/da teqstis
araadekvaturi gageba
2
4. erTze met SemTxvevaSi davalebis piroba an/da teqsti
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli
1
5. teqsti mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gagebuli. 0
II kriteriumi
136
naSromis ageba qulebi
1. naSromi upasuxebs samive miTiTebas da kargadaa
organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da
logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa
gamoyofili. davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar
CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba
pasuxi gacemuli.
3
2. naSromi upasuxebs or miTiTebas da kargadaa
organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da
logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa
gamoyofili; an naSromi upasuxebs sam miTiTebas, Tumca
nawilobriv darRveulia teqstis logika an/da zogan
abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili
2
3. naSromi upasuxebs erT miTiTebas da kargadaa
organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da
logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa
gamoyofili
1
4. naSromi upasuxebs erT miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv
darRveulia teqstis logika an/da zogan abzacebi
arasworadaa gamoyofili.
0
III kriteriumi
mosazrebebis argumentireba da adekvaturi citireba qulebi
1. msjeloba samive miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia
(argumentirebulia) da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi
masaliT.
6
2. msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da
argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame
miTiTebaze msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebelia
da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT.
5
3. msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da
argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame
miTiTeba saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli (perifrazia an
msjeloba oriode winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli).
4
4. msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da
argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo or
miTiTebaze msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebelia
da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT
3
5. msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da
argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, meore
miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi
aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi
masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTeba saerTod ar aris
2
137
Sesrulebuli (perifrazia an msjeloba oriode
winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli).
6. samive miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi
aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi
masaliT
1
7. ori miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi
aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi
masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTeba saerTod ar aris
Sesrulebuli; an msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT
dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi
masaliT, xolo danarCeni miTiTebebi saerTod ar aris
Sesrulebuli; anda erTi miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas
argumentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli
teqsturi masaliT, xolo danarCeni miTiTebebi saerTod
ar aris Sesrulebuli
0
IV kriteriumi
teqstis mxatvruli Taviseburebebis Sefaseba qulebi
1. naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis mxatvruli
Taviseburebebi da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konkretuli
magaliTebiT.
2
2. naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis mxatvruli
Taviseburebebi, magram msjeloba ar aris dasabuTebuli
konkretuli magaliTebiT
1
3. naSromSi ar aris gamoyofili teqstis mxatvruli
Taviseburebebi.
0
V kriteriumi
damoukidebeli azrovneba da zogadi ganaTleba qulebi
1. naSromSi mkafiod gamovlinda aplikantis
damoukidebeli azrovnebisunari, SexedulebaTa da
SefasebaTa araSablonuroba da zogadi ganaTleba.
3
2. naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda aplikantis
damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, Tumca mkafiod
gamovlinda aplikantis zogadi ganaTleba; anda naSromSi
mkafiod gamovlinda aplikantis damoukidebeli azrovnebis
unari, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba,
Tumca nawilobriv gamovlinda aplikantis zogadi
ganaTleba
2
3. naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda aplikantis zogadi
ganaTlebac da damoukidebeli azrovnebis unaric; an ar
gamovlinda aplikantis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari,
Tumca nawilobriv gamovlinda aplikantis zogadi
ganaTleba; anda naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda
1
138
aplikantis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, magram ar
gamovlinda aplikantis zogadi ganaTleba.
4. naSromSi ar gamovlinda aplikantis damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari, agreTve ar gamovlinda aplikantis
zogadi ganaTleba.
0
VI kriteriumi
faqtobrivi Secdomebi qulebi
1. naSromSi ar aris daSvebuli faqtobrivi Secdoma. 1
2. naSromSi daSvebulia faqtobrivi Secdoma 0
VII kriteriumi
leqsika da stili qulebi
1. naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da
mkafiodaa gamoxatuli, SerCeulia dasmuli amocanis
Sesaferisi stili, agreTve daculia naSromis stilisturi
erTgvarovneba, gvxvdeba oriode stilisturi xarvezi.
2
2. naSromSi azri gasagebia, magram leqsika mwiria,
gvxvdeba ramdenime stilisturi xarvezi.
1
3. Txzuleba stilisturad gaumarTavia 0
VIII kriteriumi
sintaqsuri konstruqciebi qulebi
1. naSromSi daSvebulia erTi sintaqsuri Secdoma. 2
2. naSromSi daSvebulia ori sintaqsuri Secdoma. 1
3. naSromSi daSvebulia orze meti sintaqsuri Secdoma 0
IX kriteriumi
morfologia, orTografia da punqtuacia qulebi
1. ar aris oTxze meti am tipis Secdoma. 2
2. ar aris cxraze meti am tipis Secdoma. 1
3. daSvebulia cxraze meti am tipis Secdoma 0
2.funqciuri wera
teqstis organizeba
qula
1. teqsti organizebulia da pasuxi gacemulia samive
miTiTebaze.
3
2. teqsti organizebulia da pasuxi gacemulia ori
miTiTebaze an pasuxi gacemulia samive miTiTebaze,
magram teqsti ar aris saTanadodorganizebuli.
2
3. teqsti organizebulia, magram pasuxi gacemulia
mxolod erT miTiTebaze an pasuxi gacemulia or
1
139
miTiTebaze, magram teqsti ar aris saTanadod
organizebuli
4. davaleba araadekvaturadaa gagebuli
0
dasabuTeba
qula 1. kargad aris dasabuTebuli samive miTiTeba. 3
2. kargad aris dasabuTebuli ori miTiTeba da mesame _
nawilobriv 2
3. kargad aris dasabuTebuli erTi miTiTeba da ori _ nawilobriv.
1
4. nawilobriv aris dasabuTebuli samive miTiTeba. 0 leqsika da stili
qula
1. naSromSiazrienobrivad (leqsikurad)
zustaddamkafiodaagamoxatuli,
SerCeuliadasmuliamocanisSesaferisistili,
daculianaSromisstilisturierTgvarovneba.
gvxvdebaoriodestilisturixarvezi.
2
2. naSromSi azri gasagebia, magram leqsika mwiria,
gvxvdeba stilisturi xarvezebi.
1
3. naSromSi stilisturad gaumarTavia. 0
morfologia, orTografia, sintaqsi
qula
1. ar aris daSvebuli orze meti Secdoma. 3
2. ar aris daSvebuli oTxze meti Secdoma 2
3. ar aris daSvebuli eqvsze meti Secdoma. 1
4. daSvebulia eqvsze meti Secdoma 0
punqtuacia
qula
1. ar aris daSvebuli orze meti Secdoma 1
2. daSvebulia orze meti Secdoma. 0
TviTSefaseba, obieqturad da sworad Seafason sakuTari kompetencia,
Zalian mniSvnelovania moswavleTa momavali warmatebisTvis.
saxelmZRvaneloSi ,,ganviTarebisa da swavlebis Teoriebi” (2008: 104)
SemoTavazebulia TviTSefasebis ramdenime strategia:
• sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaakeTon yovelkvireuli an yovelTviuri
Canawerebi, sadac Seafaseben, ramdenad kargad Seasrules davalebebi;
sTxoveT, aRniSnon Sesrulebuli samuSaos Zlieri da susti mxareebi;
140
• sTxoveT moswavleebs, patara jgufebSi Seafason erTmaneTis
namuSevrebi.
• sTxoveT moswavleebs, Seqmnan saqaRalde, sadac TavianT saukeTeso
namuSevrebs mouyrian Tavs; agreTve, yvela namuSevars Tan unda axldes
moswavlis Sefaseba.
moswavleebs, romelTac swavlis TviTregulaciis unari aqvT,
SeuZliaT Seafason, ramdenad kargad daexmarebaT naswavli masala
TavianTi miznebis miRwevaSi. Tu amis saWiroeba arsebobs, maT cvlilebebi
SeaqvT swavlis strategiebSi.
masloum dadebiTi TviTSefaseba anu moTxovnileba imisa, rom
mogwondes sakuTari Tavi, misi xuTsafexuriani moTxovnilebebis
ierarqiis meoTxe safexurze moaTavsa. sxva adamianebis mier aRiarebis,
pativiscemis da mowonebis moTxovnileba warmatebis, kompetenturobis da
damoukideblobis sawindaria.
mniSvnelovania, maswavleblma gaiTvaliswinos komentarebis gakeTebis
aucilebloba moswavleebis mier Sesrulebul samuSaoebze. pozitiuri
komentarebi da waxaliseba amaRlebs moswavlis TviTSefasebas da rwmenas
sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi.
Tavis miRwevebs moswavle ukeT acnobierebs weris procesSi.
Canawerebis saSualebiT moswavle obieqturad afasebs sakuTar
warmatebebs da problemebs, eZebs sirTulis gadalaxvis gzebs. sworad
SerCeuli weris strategiebiT eweva TviTSefasebas da ukeT warmarTavs
sakuTar saswavlo saqmianobas.
portfolio, rogorc TviTSefasebis forma
portfolio moswavlis mier Segrovili masalis nimuSia, romelic
moicavs Sefasebul namuSevrebs, faqtebisa da movlenebis gaweras,
ilustracias, intervius, amonaridebs da ase Semdeg.
portfolios Sesadgenad masala grovdeba garkveul periodSi.
wardgena xdeba klasis winaSe. SesaZlebelia prezentaciis Semdegac
gagrZeldes portfolios Sevseba.
portfolio Sefasebis erT-erTi aqtiuri formaa. werisas efeqturi
gamodga misi, rogorc TviTSefasebis formatis gamoyeneba.
141
Sefasebis mizani, Sinaarsi, kriteriumebi da periodis xangrZlivoba
ganisazRvreba moswavleebis monawileobiT;
portfolio SeiZleba Seicavdes moswavlis mier Sesrulebul
saSinao da saklaso davalebebs, jgufuri proeqtebis angariSebs,
Tavisufali werebis, TviTSefasebis kiTxvaris, testirebis masalebs daa.S.
Sefasebis periodis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavle saqaRaldidan
saukeTeso naSromebs arCevs da maT Sesaxeb wers eses, romelSic aRwers:
ra iswavla Sefasebis periodSi; ra masala SearCia amis
damadastureblad; ratom SearCia es masala; ratom Tvlis, rom swavlis
procesma warmatebiT Caiara; mohyavs argumentebi rubrikebis saxiT,
romelic TviTSefasebisaTvis gamoiyena.
portfolioTi fasdeba moswavlis mier miRweuli swavlis Sedegebi.
moswavlis saswavlo Canawerebis nimuSi moxsenebis momzadebisaTvis:
es saukeTeso formaa imis dasadgenad, Tu ras miaRwia moswavlem da risi
gaumjobeseba esaWiroeba.
saxeli, gvari ------------------------------------------------
TariRi ------------------------------------------------
auditoria ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
moxsenebis saTauri ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
moxsenebis mizani/sagani ---------------------------------------------------------------------
ra gavakeTe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ra viswavle ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rogor da riT SemiZlia gavaumjobeso Cemi moxseneba ------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
maswavleblis SeniSvnebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TviTSefasebis sqemebi:
1. saxeli, gvari------------------------------------------------
TariRi ------------------------------------------------
Semoxaze swori pasuxi
davalebis moTxovnas vupasuxe zustad diax ara
moviyvane ramdenime magaliTi diax ara
142
davicavi abzacebi diax ara
davicavi sityvebis raodenoba diax ara
naSromi gadavaTeTre diax ara
2. saxeli, gvari------------------------------------------------
TariRi ------------------------------------------------
Semoxaze swori pasuxi
Cems azrs Riad gamovTqvam diax ara
vcdilob, argumentirebulad visaubro diax ara
roca sxva laparakobs, yuradRebiT vusmen diax ara
gansxvavebuli azri mainteresebs diax ara
gansxvavebul azrs viTvaliswineb diax ara
vicav drois limits diax ara
miznobrivi sqemis ageba:
ra aris Cemi mizani?
ra masalas gamoviyeneb miznis misaRwevad?
rogori iqneba Cemi naweris formati?
ra saxis problemebi SeiZleba Semeqmnas muSaobisas?
rogor SemeZleba Seqmnili problemebis daZleva?
dRiuris warmoeba
esaa TviTSefasebaze orientirebuli Canaweri. maswavlebeli sTxovs
moswavleebs:
• gakveTilis an misi romelime etapi aRwereT subieqturad, Tqveni
TvalTaxedviT, sakuTari rolis gacnobierebiT.
• scadeT aRweroT igive obieqturad, dafiqrebiT.
kiTxvari TviTSefasebisTvis:
N#
yovelTvis
xSir
ad
zogjer
aras
dros
1 swavlis procesi CemTvis sainteresoa
143
2 momwons jgufSi muSaoba
3 ukeT vmuSaob damoukideblad
4 SemiZlia sakuTari azris naTlad da damajereblad
Cawera
5 prezentaciisas SerCeuli sityvebis saSualebebiT
SemiZlia davipyro auditoriis yuradReba
6 SemiZlia yuradRebiT movismino sxvisi Sexeduleba,
CemTvis miuRebelic ki
7 amovicnob problemas teqstSi, vmsjelob
argumentirebulad, vakeTeb daskvnebs
8 problemas vxedav sxvadasxva poziciidan da SemiZlia
vamtkico Cemi Sexedulebis sapirispiro azric
9 vwer mxatvruli nawarmoebis analizs
10 ganvasxvaveb metyvelebis stils
11 amovicnob teqstSi konceptualur informacias
12 SemiZlia mopovebuli informaciis daxarisxeba da
organizeba weris Temis Sesabamisad
13 SemiZlia Sevqmna sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli Tu
aramxatvruli teqsti
14 vwer saliteraturo normebis dacviT, intonaciuri
sizustiT
15 vwer eses, recenzias, referats
16 vmuSaob proeqtze
17 vmonawileob araprogramul, damatebiT RonisZiebebSi
18
vfiqrob, Cems ganaTlebaze yvelaze metad pasuxismgebeli
Tavad var
19 Cemi SesaZleblobis maqsimums vavlen skolaSi
20 mesmis, rogor davukavSiro skolaSi naswavli realur
cxovrebas
TviTSefasebis mudmivi warmoeba moswavles uyalibebs Secdomis
mimarT swor damokidebulebas. igi cdilobs gaaanalizos da
gaacnobieros Tavisi saswavlo procesi, gamoavlinos susti da Zlieri
mxareebi, Sesabamisad dagegmos saswavlo grafiki, muSaobis wesebi da
organizebulad gamoiyenos swavlisaTvis gankuTvnili dro.
weraSi moswavleTa miRwevebis popularizaciis Zalian efeqturi da
144
Sedegiani formebia:
skolis literaturuli almanaxis gamocema;
moswavleTa leqsebis, Canaxatebis, azrebis individualuri
gamocemebi,
skolis literaturul gazeTSi ganTavseba,
periodul Jurnal-gazeTebSi gamoqveyneba;
skolis vebgverdze ganTavseba;
SemoqmedebiT konkursebSi, konferenciebSi monawileoba;
kvleviTi an SemoqmedebiTi proeqtebis Sedgena – miznis, amocanebis,
gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebis, drois marTvis, biujetirebis,
mosalodneli Sedegebis, monitoringis gaTvaliswinebiT da
prezentaciebis mowyoba;
komentari an gamoxmaureba mimdinare Sefasebis erT-erTi meTodia. es
aris informacia-Sefaseba, romelsac maswavlebeli an Tanaklaseli
awvdis moswavles konkretuli pasuxis an davalebis Sesrulebis xarisxis
Sesaxeb. igi moicavs pasuxis sisworis dadasturebas, Seqebas, gamxnevebas,
rCevas, mowodebas, Secdomis aRniSvnas, gasworebis gzas.
komentari an gamoxmaureba SeiZleba iyos zepiri an werilobiTi,
konkretuli, obieqturi, keTilganwyobili, rig SemTxvevaSi
konfidencialuric, taqtiani, motivirebuli, gaumjobesebisaken
mimarTuli. igi exmareba moswavles gaakontrolos codnis miRebis
procesSi misi roli da adgili, gaacnobieros sakuTari warmateba an
warumatebloba, iswavlos kritikis, SeniSvnis gaziareba, ukeTesi gzis
gansazRvra.
gTavazobT komentaris an gamoxmaurebis qarTuli enisa da
literaturis gakveTilze gamoyenebis magaliTebs:
erTi kiTxulobs referats, ori moswavle akeTebs komentars;
saSinao davalebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb komentari;
erTi wyvilis an jgufis mier Sesrulebul namuSevarze meore
wyvilis an jgufis komentari.
aucilebelia moswavlesTan SeTanxmebiT gansazRvruli iyos _ raze,
ratom, rogori kriteriumiT iqneba warmodgenili komentari an
gamoxmaureba. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Tavdapirvelad aRiniSneba
145
dadebiTi, Semdeg SeniSvnebi, kritika, survilebi. magaliTad, moswavle
saubrobs Temaze ,,lado asaTianis werilebi“ (VII klasi), komentari an
gamoxmaureba iTvaliswinebs: sxvadasxva funqciuri (sasaubro, mxatvruli,
publicisturi, oficialuri, saqmiani) stilisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
sintaqsuri konstruqciebis, zepiri Txrobis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis
(intonacia, Jesti, mimika, xma), movlenaTa Tanmimdevrobis gamomxatveli
sityvebis marTebulad gamoyenebasa da auditoriasTan urTierTobas.
testi moswavlis Sefasebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan instruments
warmoadgens. testuri SekiTxvebi SeiZleba iyos Ria da daxuruli.
miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra saxisaa testi da ra miznisTvisaa Seqmnili, igi
ramdenime aucilebel moTxovnas unda akmayofilebdes:
swored im codnas zomavdes, ris gazomvasac es konkretuli testi
isaxavs miznad, Sefasebis Sedegi ki yvela SemTxvevaSi identur pasuxs
unda iZleodes;
testis Sedegebi fasdebodes winaswar SemuSavebuli pasuxebiT an
Sefasebis sqemiT. winaswar iyos dadgenili qulebis raodenoba swori
pasuxisTvis;
testi gansazRvrul drois limitze iyos gaTvlili;
moswavleebma winaswar icodnen, Tu ra formatisaa testi, ras
amowmebs, rogoria Sefasebis meqanizmi da ra droa misTvis gamoyofili.
yuradReba unda mivaqcioT imas, rom naSromis gasworeba Secdomebis
daTvlis procedurad ar gadaiqces!
Tavi IV _ didaqtikur gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli sacdeli
muSaobis Sedegebi
maswavlebelTa SemoqmedebiTi siaxleebiT swavlebis didaqtikuri
gamocdilebis Seswavla da gavrceleba aTeuli wlebis manZilze
xdeboda qalaqis, raionis, maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da
gadamzadebis institutebis doneze. maT Soris iyo baTumis
maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da gadamzadebis instituti,
romelic momsaxurebas uwevda aWara-guriis regionis skolebs da mravali
146
mowinave pedagogiuri gamocdileba iqna Seswavlili, ganzogadebuli da
waxalisebuli J. cirekiZis, n. doliZis, v. donaZis, v. wulukiZis, m.
diasamiZis, a. iSxneliZis, n. gogitiZis, a. beriZis, v. makaraZis, m.
tarielaZis da sxvaTa mier.
saintereso gamocdilebaa aRwerili v. wulukiZis (1982), n. gugunavas
(2003), a. zoiZis (1993), i. bibileiSvilis (2008), u. obolaZis (1988)
naSromebsa da statiebSi. gamocdilebis gaziarebis problemis kvlevas
mieZRvna a. surmaniZis, i. turbovskois (1988), z. provotarovas (1988)
naSromebi.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebelTa gamocdilebis
krebulSi (1983) Semoinaxa maswavleblebis: e. surgulaZis, m. inasariZis, c.
megrelaZis da sxvaTa gamocdileba, romelTac mniSvneloba dResac ar
daukargavT.
sayuradRebod miviCnieT jon diuiს (,,ganaTleba da gamocdileba”,
1952) ideebi: swavleba gamocdilebiT, qmedebiT, aRmoCeniT.
skolis Sefasebis kiTxvarebSi rekomendebulia Semdegi kiTxva –
ramdenad xSirad mimarTaven maswavleblebi sakuTari pedagogiuri
kvalifikaciis gasaumjobesebel aqtivobebs: seminarebSi monawileobas,
kolegebTan gamocdilebis gaziarebasa da sxv. (p. papava, 2005: 111).
maswavleblis profesiuli standarti pedagogis profesiul
winsvlad iTvleba.
kvlevis Semdgomi etapi _ sacdeli muSaoba daefuZna pirad
didaqtikur gamocdilebas da sasurveli Sedegis miRwevis praqtikosi
maswavleblebisTvis gaziarebasa da Sefasebas.
,,sacdeli muSaoba _ es aris specialurad organizebuli cda,
romlis drosac xdeba movlenebis modelireba da isinjeba
SemoTavazebuli axali pirobebi, meTodebi, xerxebi, romelTac, winaswari
varaudiT, SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon swavlebisa da aRzrdis maRali
efeqturoba” (a. gobroniZe, ,,pedagogika”, 2000: 37).
sacdeli muSaobis mizani _ qarTuli enisa da literaturis
gakveTilebze weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRweva da misi gamoyeneba
integrirebuli swavleba/swavlis procesSi.
amocanebi:
147
qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze weris zogadi
kompetenciebis miRwevis gamocdilebis aRwera;
weris zogadi kompetenciebis integrirebuli swavleba/swavlis
procesSi gamoyenebis gamocdilebis efeqturobis gansazRvra;
weris zogadi kompetenciebis ganviTareba gakveTilgareSe
saqmianobaSi.
winaswari varaudi:
weris kompetenciebis daufleba qarTuli enisa da literaturis
gakveTilze mimdinareobs saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli programis
mixedviT, gamoyofili saaTebis moculobaSi. raime damatebiTi saaTebi an
mecadineoba saWiro ar aris.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis swavleba/swavlis procesSi gamoiyeneba
SerCeuli weris strategiebi da Sefasebis axali sistema.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis integrirebul saswavlo procesSi
gamoyenebis efeqturoba vlindeba swavleba/swavliT miRweuli Sedegebis
xarisxis amaRlebaSi.
sacdeli muSaobisaTvis meTodi: modelireba.
sacdeli muSaobisaTvis modelirebis meTodis arCevani
ganpirobebuli iyo SemdegiT: ,,modelirebis meTodis meSveobiT xdeba
axali pedagogiuri movlenebisa da procesebis modelebis damuSaveba,
ufro srulyofili variantebis konstruireba, pedagogiuri saqmianobis
proeqtebisa da saswavlo-saaRmzrdelo muSaobis axali sistemis Seqmna”
(a. gobroniZe, ,,pedagogika”, 2000: 33)
sacdeli muSaoba 2007-2010 wlebSi mimdinareobda baTumis #21 sajaro
skolis (amJamad ssip salibauris #2 sajaro skola) sabazo da saSualo
safexuris rva klasSi, CarTuli iyo 120 moswavle.
sacdeli muSaobis procedura: tardeboda Ria mecadineobebi,
romelsac eswrebodnen sxvadasxva sagnis maswavleblebi, mSoblebi, sxva
klasis moswavleebi. garda amisa maswavleblebi periodulad werdnen
eses ,,ra Semata Cems pedagogiur saqmianobas gacnobilma gamocdilebam,
moswavleebi werdnen eses: ,,raSi mWirdeba zogadi kompetenciebis
daufleba”, ,,rogor vgrZnob Tavs integrirebul gakveTilze”. Sedegebi
ganixileboda yoveli semestris bolos sagnobrivi kaTedris sxdomaze.
148
yvela SeniSvnis, eses, analizis safuZvelze Segvqonda cvlileba
modelSi.
sacdeli muSaobis procesSi swavlebis organizacia warimarTa:
a)gakveTilis formiT; b)gakveTilgareSe sawreo da sadamrigeblo
saqmianobis formiT.
sacdeli muSaobis Sedegebi:
sacdeli muSaobis periodSi gamarTldawinaswari varaudi.
weris kompetenciebis daufleba SesaZlebeli gaxda saswavlo gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebuli saaTebis farglebSi, programuli masalis
Seswavlisas raime damatebiTi datvirTva saWiro ar gamxdara.
weris kompetenciebis dauflebisa da gamoyenebisaTvis gamosadegia
saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad SerCeuli weris strategiebi, aqtivobebi,
Sefasebis formebi.
weris kompetenciebis gamoyeneba amaRlebs integrirebuli swavlebis
efeqturobas, rac gamoixata SemdegSi: SeZenili codna gamoyenebul
iqna axali codnis misaRebad, amaRlda moswavleTa aqtiurobis done
saswavlo procesSi, xeli Seewyo motivaciis, interesis gazrdas,
SesaZleblobebis srulad gamovlenas, miviReT swavlis ukeTesi
Sedegi, Semcirda davalebis SesrulebisaTvis daxarjuli dro,
rogorc saswavlo procesSi, aseve saxlSi damoukidebeli muSaobisas.
winaswari varaudisagan gansxvavebiT miviReT axali Sedegi:
weris kompetenciebi sasargeblo aRmoCnda sxva sagnebisTvis maT mier
dasaxuli saswavlo miznis misaRwevad.
sacdel muSaobaSi gakveTilis modelebis gamoyenebam xeli Seuwyo
saswavlo procesis organizaciis xarisxis amaRlebas mkafio da
naTeli gaxada Catarebuli saqmianobis msvleloba, gzamkvlevi
aRmoCnda gamocdilebis gasaziareblad.
gTavazobT gamocdilebiT Semowmebul gakveTilis modelebs:
I. weris kompetenciis daufleba sagakveTilo procesSi
gakveTilis modeli #1
sagani - qarTuli ena da literatura
swavlebis safexuri - sabazo _ IX kl.
149
gakveTilis mTavari Tema _ sxvadasxva tipis werilobiTi teqstis
Seqmna: Txroba, aRwera, msjeloba.
gakveTilis miznebi da misaRwevi Sedegebi _ kompetenciis
werilobiTi teqstis tipisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da auditoriis
gaTvaliswinebiT miRweva; kompetenciis miRwevis maxasiaTeblebi:
werilobiTi teqstis tipebis garCeva; weris strategiebis SerCeva da
gamoyeneba; teqstis ZiriTadi problebis mimarT sakuTari
damokidebulebis werilobiT Camoyalibeba da wakiTxva, auditoriis
msjelobaSi gamowvevisaTvis sakiTxis SerCeva, kiTxvebza pasuxis
kultura; jgufSi azris gamoxatva da argumentirebulad dasabuTeba.
gakveTilis msvleloba/saklaso menejmenti:
gamowveva _ gonebrivi ieriSis meTodis gamoyenebiT SevadginoT sqema:
`WeSmariti mamuliSvilis gamorCeuli Tvisebebi”.
moswavleebi winaswar gacnobilni arian wyaroebs: S. niSnianiZis
,,cotne dadiani” da ,,balada profesor Jordanias gmirobaze”, g. asaTiani
,,ilias Rvawli”, g. lomTaTiZe ,,qarTuli kulturis mematiane _ eqvTime
TayaiSvili”.
zneobis gakveTilebi _ naTliT mosil winaparTa gmirobis
magaliTebi _ 5 wT.
jgufuri muSaoba
weriTi davaleba jgufebisaTvis _ 15 wT.
teqstis Seqmna moswavleTa mier arCeul Temaze:
,,erTxel, Turme...” _ Txroba;
,,Strixebi portretisaTvis” _ aRwera;
,,Cvens cuds ar malavs, es xom cxadi siZulvilia!” _ msjeloba.
instruqtaJi: maswavleblis daxmarebiT moswavleebi venis diagramis
gamoyenebiT gansazRvraven _ TxrobiTi, aRweriTi da msjelobiTi
teqstebis saerTo da ganmasxvavebel maxasiaTeblebs:
Txrobas aqvs dasawyisi, Sua _ ZiriTadi _ nawili (kvanZis Sekvra,
moqmedebis ganviTareba, kulminacia, kvanZis gaxsna) da dasasruli;
Txrobisas wina planze wamoweulia moqmedebaTa Tanamimdevroba, siuJetis
ganviTareba. movlena mosdevs movlenas da xSirad erTmaneTs
ganapirobebs; mTxrobeli SeiZleba iyos I an III piri; wamyvani roli
150
TxrobaSi ekuTvnis zmnebs, gansakuTrebiT _ warsuli drois, sruli
aspeqtis formebs.
aRwerisaTvis unda SeirCes Sesaferisi enobrivi saSualebebi:
gansazRvrebebi, Sedarebebi, epiTetebi, metaforebi; aRwera warmoaCens
avtoris damokidebulebas movlenebisa da sagnebisadmi; aRwerisas
mniSvnelovania sworad SeirCes aRsaweri obieqtis mTavari
maxasiaTeblebi;
msjelobisaTvis mTavaria sagnebsa da movlenebs Soris arsebuli
kavSiris gamoxatva; msjeloba Sedgeba sami nawilisagan: Tezisi _
mosazreba, romelic moiTxovs dadasturebas an uaryofas; dasabuTeba-
damtkiceba _ argumentebi, magaliTebi gamoTqmuli Tezisis
dasamtkiceblad an uarsayofad; daskvna _ msjelobis Sedegi. msjelobiTi
saxis teqstisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia vrceli da rTuli winadadebebi,
abstraqtuli saxelebis siuxve.
prezentacia _18 wT.
prezentatori moswavleebi warmoadgenen jgufis namuSevars,
pasuxoben auditoriis SekiTxvebs.
Sefaseba _ 7 wT
moswavleebi afaseben erTmaneTs naweris winaswar gansazRvruli
kriteriumebiT.
1. weriTi davaleba
Kkriteriumebi qula
miznis Sesatyvisi werilobiTi formisa da stilis SerCeva 0 _ 1
auditoriis Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswineba 0 _ 1
azris Tanmimdevrulad Camoyalibeba 0 _ 1
auditoriis msjelobaSi gamowvevisaTvis sakiTxis
efeqturad SerCeva 0 _ 1
SemoqmedebiTi unaris gamovlena 0 _ 1
problemis gadaWris originaluri versiebis SemoTavazeba 0 _ 1
werilobiTi teqstis struqtursa da enobrivi normebis
dacva 0 _ 1
informaciis floba, faqtobrivi sizuste 0 _ 1
sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba 0 _ 1
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2. weris procesSi CarTuloba
kriteriumebi qula
weris procesis mimarT aqvs negatiuri damokidebuleba
ubralod mayurebelia 0 - 1
weris procesSi monawileobisaTvis ar aris mzad 2 – 4
weriT davalebas asrulebs met-naklebi mondomebiT 5 - 6
usmens gjufis wevrebis mosazrebas, gamoTqvams Tavis
varauds, monawileobs weris procesSi 7 - 8
koreqtulia, msjelobs argumentirebulad, aqtiuradaa
CarTuli gundur weraSi 9 - 10
saSinao davaleba individualuri muSaobisTvis.
SearCie roli (Tamar mefe, giorgi saakaZe, ioTam zedginiZe, mefe
dimitri Tavdadebuli, rigiTi qarTveli), formati (werili, dRiuri,
mimarTva) da Seqmeni teqsti auditoriisaTvis XII, XIX saukunis
Tanamedrove saqarTvelo.
saswavlo resursebi – saxelmZRvanelo, biblioTeka, interneti
gakveTilis modeli #2
gakveTilis mTavari Tema _ prezentaciisTvis moxsenebis momzadeba
sagnis dasaxeleba - qarTuli ena da literatura
swavlebis safexuri - saSualo _ XII kl.
gakveTilis miznebi _ miRweva weris kompetenciisa–prezentaciisTvis
moxsenebis momzadeba; kompetenciis miRwevis maxasiaTeblebi: problemis
SerCeva da gaazreba. monacemebis moZieba, daxarisxeba, gamoyeneba;
sakuTari an sxvis mier miRebuli Sedegebis analizi; informaciis
gadacemis Sesaferisi saSualebebis SerCeva auditoriisa da sakiTxis
gaTvaliswinebiT; werilobiT sakuTari azrisa da grZnobebis gamoxatva;
kritikuli Tvalsazrisis gamoTqma da dasabuTeba; kiTxvebze pasuxis
gacemisa da sxvisi SeniSvnis, azris mosmenis kulturis dacva.
Sedegi _ weris miTiTebuli kompetenciis miRweviT moswavle SeZlebs
saprezentacio moxsenebis daweras saTanado moculobiT.
winaswari codna – moswavlesSeuZlia Canawerebs ZiriTadi ideebisa
da informaciebis sxvadasxva kriteriumis mixedviT saxarisxeba da
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TanamimdevrobiT dalageba; icis Sesabamisi enobriv-gramatikuli
saSualebebis gamoyenebis wesebs, werilobiT teqstSi warmoadgens
sxvadasxva xasiaTis masalas: informacia, komentari, prognozi, varaudi,
eWvi.
gakveTilis msvleloba / aqtivobebi: (jgufuri, individualuri
muSaoba, komentaris, recenziis gakeTeba,)
provocireba:
gonebrivi ieriSi ra asociacias iwvevs TqvenSi sityva `moxseneba”?
dialogi: ra aris `moxseneba” da risTvis gvWirdeba misi momzadeba.
Sinaarsis realizeba:
davaleba individualuri muSaobisaTvis:
gamoiyeneT meTodi ,,sakuTari TavisTvis wera”:gaixseneT sakuTari
gamocdileba, prezentaciasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi, gancdebi,
daakonkreteT Tqveni Sexedulebebi. instruqtaJi: gaxsovdeT, Tqveni naweri
ar gaswordeba da SegiZliaT Tamamad weroT imaze, razec fiqrobT da
msjelobT. naweri waakiTxeT im pirovnebas, visac endobiT. dro _ (5 wT.)
davalebebi jgufuri muSaobisaTvis (erT-erTis arCeviT)_ (5 wT.)
davaleba 1. _ amoiwereT informacia saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili
Cveni epoqis gamoCenili italieli mwerlisa da mecnieris, umberto ekos
mosazrebebidan ,,rogor vweroT saprezentacio moxseneba”, gamoiyeneT
weris strategia: T diagrama (ra vicodi, ra gavige).
davaleba 2. _ werilobiT CamoayalibeT sakuTari mosazrebebi,
imsjeleT avtoris, teqstisa da msmenelis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb
(dakavSirebulia Tu ara garkveul sirTuleebTan gansxvavebuli Temis
moxsenebebis aRqma, ratom?; rogori teqstebis mosmena mogwonT; ra
adgili uWiravs moxsenebas Tqvens ganaTlebaSi. momxseneblis roli ufro
mogwonT Tu msmenelis? rodis SegecodebaT msmeneli? momxsenebeli?
prezentacia _ 10 wT.
prezentatori moswavleebi warmoadgenen jgufis namuSevars,
msmenelebi gamoxataven sakuTar damokidebulebas.
davaleba jgufuri muSaobisaTvis
,,munji” gonebrivi ieriSi (breinraiTingi) _ CamowereT prezentaciis
mTavari maxasiaTeblebi:ideebi CamowereT furcelze da gadaeciT jgufis
153
sxva monawiles cvlilebebis Sesatanad. _ 2 wT.
prezentacia _ 3 wT.
TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens Tavis namuSevars. (savaraudo pasuxebi:
informacia, komunikacia, Semecneba, esTetika, siaxleebi, mimzidveloba,
daintereseba da a. S.)
davaleba individualuri muSaobisaTvis
werilobiT CamoayalibeT mokle daskvna prezentaciis Sesaxeb
Camowerili kriteriumebisa da klasSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis
gaanalizebiT_ (10wT.)
prezentacia _ 3 wT.
ramdenime moswavle waradgens sakuTar daskvnebs, lakonurad
Camoyalibebul Tezisebs da sakuTari mosazrebis gasamyareblad mohyavs
argumentebi.
Sefaseba _ (5 wT.)
I. maswavlebeli afasebs winaswar SerCeuli kriteriumebiT: azrebis
Tanmimdevrulad da logikurad gadmocema; sakuTari naazrevis
furcelze Tavisuflad, sxartad da swrafad gadatana; calkeul
wyaroebSi gaSuqebuli sakiTxebis gadmocema, citireba; avtorTa
debulebebis gaanalizeba-Sefaseba, interpretacia; gamoTqmuli
mosazrebebis SejerebiT zogadi daskvnis Camoyalibeba; werilobiTi
teqstis struqturis da enobrivi normebis dacva, msmenelTa
reaqciis gaTvaliswineba, kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema, SeniSvnebis,
mosazrebis mosmena.
II. TanaSefaseba _ bavSvebi afaseben da aanalizeben erTmaneTis
daskvnebs da gamoyofen maTi azriT yvelaze zust da lakonur
formulirebebs, romelTac erT-erTi moswavle wers dafaze. cxadia,
formulirebebis raodenoba ar aris mkacrad gansazRvruli.
III. moswavlis TviTSefasebis sqema:
saxeli, gvari ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TariRi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
auditoria ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
moxsenebis saTauri ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
moxsenebis mizani/sagani --------------------------------------------------------------------------
154
ra gavakeTe ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ra viswavle ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rogor da riT SemiZlia gavaumjobeso Cemi moxseneba ------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
maswavleblis SeniSvnebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
davaleba Sin damoukideblad Sesaruleblad _ dawereT
saprezentacio moxseneba:
1. ZiriTadi ideebi rezo yaralaSvilis teqstisa,_ ,,mxatvruli
nawarmoebis aRqma”; 2. literaturuli komunikaciis (teqsti-mkiTxveli)
ZiriTadi faqtorebi;
3. mxatvruli sistemis dekodirebis principebi da maTi gamoyeneba
literaturuli nawarmoebis analizisas;
4. goeTes ,,sami saxis mkiTxvelis” Teoria.
saswavlo masala da teqnikuri resursebi – saxelmZRvanelo,
kompiuteruli teqnika, furclebi, dafa, carci.
modeli #3
weris integrirebuli gakveTili-eqskursiis miznebis gansazRvra
sagani gansaxorcielebeli
RonisZieba
weris zogadi kompetenciebis
dakvirvebis Sedegebis CaniSvna,
Canawerebisa da monaxazebis gakeTeba,
gansaviTareblad dagegmili
aqtivobebi
1. qarTuli ena
da
literatura
literaturuli
Teatri _ ,,cixe-
taZrebi cad
asulan locva-
vedrebad”
monaxazis gakeTeba scenarisaTvis;
scenaris Seqmna
2. istoria
informacia-
istoriuli
wyaroebi sxalTis
eklesiis Sesaxeb
CaniSvnebis gakeTeba saswavlo
referatis dasawerad
155
3. xelovneba
sakuTari
namuSevrebis
gamofena ,,sxalTis
ezodan danaxuli
samyaro”
monaxazis gakeTeba, fotogamofenis
mowyoba
4. geografia
geografiuli
garemo - sxalTis
aRwera
dakvirvebis Sedegebis Cawera -
`miwisZvris Semdeg...”
5.
informaciul-
sakomunikacio
teqnologiebi
filmis Seqmna;
videoklipi
Canawerebis gakeTeba
videoklipisTvis; -,,RimiliT
mosagonari epizodebi-eqskursiis
STabeWdilebebi
modeli #4
moswavleTa mier Sesrulebuli proeqti
proeqtis saxelwodeba _ ,,iliaoba” (saiubileo dRis organizeba-
modelireba)
skolis saxelwodeba _ baTumis #21 sajaro skola
miznobrivi jgufi: X klasis moswavleebi
proeqtis xelmZRvaneli _ leila abaSiZe
proeqtSi monawile moswavleebi: inga gabaiZe, baCana abaSiZe, donari
beriZe, daviT balaZe, nazibrola beriZe, Teona gogolaZe, Teona
xmalaZe.
problemis identifikacia
dRes gansakuTrebiT sWirdeba Cvens samSoblos gmirobis, WeSmariti
mamuliSvilobis, maRali zneobis gamoxatva TiToeuli Svilisagan.
cxovreba da Semoqmedeba ilia WavWavaZisa zneobrivi sisrulis, uangaro
patriotizmisa da sasiqadulo mamuliSvilobis ubadlo magaliTia.
wminda ilia marTlis mcnebebi sulis sazrdoa TaobebisTvis. ilia
WeSmaritebisken maval gzas gvikvalavs da swori arCevanis gakeTebas
gviadvilebs.
saswavlo procesze dakvirvebam aCvena, rom moswavleebs sustad aqvT
ganviTarebuli samuSaos dagegmvis, gunduri muSaobis, TanamSromlobis,
problemis dasmisa da gadaWris unarebi.
konsultaciisTvis mivmarTavT:
156
qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebel xaTuna xalvaSs;
istoriis maswavlebel TamTa tuRuSs;
musikis maswavlebel Teona abulaZes;
xelovnebis maswavlebel nino jorbenaZes.
mizani
saiubileo dRis, zeimis organizeba;
erovnuli Rirebulebebis dafasebis, TviTrealizaciis, gadawyvetilebis
miRebis, iniciativis aRebis, gunduri muSaobis, kvlevis, sakomunikacio
unarebis, aqtiuri monawileobisa da pasuxismgeblobis ganviTareba
piradi da sazogadoebrivi interesebis SeTanxmeba
a mocanebi
ilias Rvawlis warmoCena;
proeqtebis momzadeba da maTi prezentacia;
informaciis moZieba da miwodeba;
referatebis momzadeba;
literaturuli Teatri _ inscenireba, mxatvruli kiTxva.
Sefaseba
gansaxorcielebeli RonisZi ebebi
sainformacio samsaxuri: radoitalRa; kedlis gazeTis gamoSveba.
saCvenebeli gakveTili;
konferencia;
literaturuli saloni;
mosalodneli Sedegebi
moswavle gaacnobierebs ilias Rvawls, gaisigrZeganebs mis Segonebebs;
iswavlis erovnuli Rirebulebebis dafasebas, ganuviTardeba kvlevis,
gunduri muSaobis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis, iniciativis aRebis,
sakomunikacio unarebi; ecdeba SeaTanxmos piradi interesebi
sazogadoebrivTan.
mon itoringi ganxorcieldeba orjer: muSaobis pirvel periodSi da
muSaobis bolos: sawyisi viTarebis analizi; Sedegebis analizi.
Sefaseba _ TviTSefaseba; proeqtis xelmZRvanelis Sefaseba;
maswavleblis Sefaseba; saboloo Sefaseba
157
samwuxarod, ar arsebobs swavlisadmi mizanswrafuli
damokidebulebis ganmaviTarebeli jadosnuri recepti, Tumca proeqti am
kompetenciis miRwevis erT-erTi efeqturi saSualebaa. moswavleTa
interesi swavlisadmi miT ufro didia, rac ufro srulyofiladaa
organizebuli saswavlo kursi.
modeli #5
zneobriv problemebze wera
Tema - `Rirseba”
weris dawyebamde: diskusia, problemidan gamosavlis moZebna,
zneobrivi upiratesobebis Cveneba.
Rirsebis kacis, SesaniSnavi mwerlis – revaz inaniSvilis spetaki
sityviT izrdebian Taobebi. misi moTxrobebi adamianurobas gviqadagebs,
adamianis siyvaruliTaa savse, wminda marcvals Tesavs ymawvilkacobis
sulSi.
fokusirebuli SekiTxvebi: ratom aris Rirsebis grZnoba
mniSvnelovani? rogoria adamianuri sawyisi, ,,keTili“, ,,boroti“ Tu orive
erTad?
sadiskusio Temebi (r. inaniSvilis moTxrobebis mixedviT): Rirsebis
dacvis problema; gamarTlebadi tyuili; uneblie boroteba; lamazi
cremlebi; madliereba;
kenWisyris Sedegad SerCeuli Tema _ ,,Rirsebis dacvis problema“
diskusiis problemebi: erTisTvis Rirseba Tavganwirvis sagania,
sxvisTvis ki – mqirdavi Rimilis momgvreli; sxvisi Rirsebis dacva unda
niSnavdes sakuTari Rirsebis dacvasac; Rirseba da uRirsoba yovelTvis
ganirCeva;
gamosavali problemebidan: mankierebaTa mxileba da gamaTraxeba;
swori aRzrda; sazogadoebis TviTSegnebis amaRleba;
gamosavalTa upiratesobebi: mware wamali – simarTle sazogadoebas
gankurnavs uRirsobisagan; adamiani sxvis Rirsebas aRar xelyofs; sxvisi
Rirsebis dacva sakuTar movaleobad CaiTvleba;
Tvalsazrisi (wera)_ ,,ra upiratesoba aqvs Rirseul adamians
uRirsTan SedarebiT“
158
mosalodneli Sedegi: Rirsebis pirovnuli gancdis sworad Sefaseba,
daskvna imisa, rom igi yvela uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa wyaroa.
literaturuli Tu realuri samyaros Rirseulma adamianebma unda misces
sulieri sagzali axalgazrda Taobas.
Tema - ,,sindisi“
(kvleva; diskusia; teqstis markireba; ese)
wyaroebi _ literaturuli paralelebi: vaJa–fSavela _ ,,sindisi“,
,,mgeli“; m. javaxiSvili _ ,,ori ganaCeni“; n. lorTqifaniZe _ ,,sanaxavaT“; v.
barnovi _ ,,aRdgomis codva“.
weris dawyebamde _ kiTxvebi dialogisaTvis: rodis grZnobs adamiani
sindisis qenjnas? ratom ganamtkica RmerTma adamianSi miukerZoebeli
msajuli sindisi? ras niSnavs sindisis dacva? ra saSualebebiT
asusteben adamianebi sindisis xmas? Seswavlili masala ras matebs
Tqvens saqmianobas? saqciels?
sadiskusio Temebi: ,,sindisis mniSvneloba klebulobs kacobriobis
cxovrebaSi“; ,,adamianis midrekilebaa gaerTos borotebiT“.
eseebi: ,,ras niSnavs sindisi CemTvis“; ,,ramdenad SeuZlia adamians
sakuTar bunebasTan dapirispireba“; ,,ramdenad SeuZlia sindiss adamianis
dasja“; ,,monanieba, miteveba, Serigeba Cveni sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi“.
mosalodneli Sedegi: moswavle gaacnobierebs, rom ,,adamians
sikeTisa da borotebis garCevis bunebrivi unari aqvs _ sircxvilis
grZnoba, romlis ganviTarebis Sedegia sindisi – zneobrivi TviTSefaseba
azrovnebis sferoSi moqceuli“ (vl. soloviovi); sindisi – mkveTri
zRvari Cems sikeTesa da borotebas Soris (gabriel episkoposi). RmerTma
imiTac aCvena Tavisi siyvaruli kacTa modgmisadmi, rom yovel CvenganSi
ganamtkica sindisi. RvTis mimarT sindisis dacva gvavalebs ar
miviTvisoT napovni, ar vecadoT sxvisis dasakuTrebas. mSvidoba maSin
aqvs kacsa, rodesac mas sakuTari Wkua da sindisi araferSi ar
amtyunebs da ar arcxvens.
Segoneba _ ,,odes dabada RmerTma kaci, dasTesa mis Soris wminda
raime gulis sityva mxurvale da ganaTlebuli, msgavsi nakvercxalisa,
romeli gananaTlebs gonebasa da uCvenebs borotsa keTilisagan _
amisaTvis ewodebis sindisi”. (wminda mama abba doroTes mixedviT).
159
,,borotebas borotebiT ver gankurnav“
(referati; RAFT; Txzuleba; ese; ,,saavtoro savarZeli“)
literaturuli paralelebi: guram gegeSiZe – ,,SurisZieba“; mixeil
javaxiSvili – ,,eSmakis qva“; ilia WavWavaZe – ,,saxrCobelazed“, ,,nikoloz
gostaSabiSvili“;
Segonebani (anton didis mixedviT):
,,vebrZoloT xolme sakuTar Tavs, raTa mrisxanebam ar imZlavros
Cvens sulSi“;
,,saWiroa ar ganurisxde aravis, aramed yvelas Seunde Secodebani“;
rezolucia debatebisaTvis: ,,sulgrZelobiTa Zleva sjobs“.
referati: ,,borotebas sikeTiT uwamleb mxolod”
RAFT– roli: reziko (,,SurisZieba“), sofio (,,eSmakis qva“), petre
(,,saxrCobelazed“), nikolozi (,,nikoloz gostaSabiSvili“); auditoria:
Tanamedrove axalgazrdoba; formati: werili; Tema: ,,borotebas
borotebiT ver gankurnav, borotebas sikeTiT uwamleb mxolod“(basili
didi).
eseebi: ,,Cemi azri SurisZiebis Sesaxeb’, ,,humanizmis Zala da
uZlureba“, ,,agresiis gamovlinebebi Cvens realobaSi“; ,,adamianTa
gulgriloba“; ,,ram SeiZleba moaxdinos adamianze sasikeTo zegavlena“;
,,sibraluli da Seubralebloba adamianTa cxovrebaSi“.
Sesrulebuli weriTi namuSevrebis prezentacia
modeli #6
gakveTilis mTavari Tema _ rogor iwereba avtobiografia
sagnis dasaxeleba - qarTuli ena da literatura
swavlebis safexuri - sabazo _ IX kl.
gakveTilis miznebi da misaRwevi Sedegebi _ weris kulturis
amaRleba; konkretuli miznis Sesabamisi werilobiTi teqstis Seqmnis
unaris Camoyalibeba; saTanado sintaqsuri konstruqciebis, leqsikis,
terminebisa da frazebis, enobrivi formulebis gamoyeneba; sasurveli
Tanamimdevrobis marTebulad asaxva; avtobiografiis sxvadasxvagvari
formiT wera.
winaswari codna - weris dawyebamde miznisa da auditoriis
160
gansazRvra; TxrobiTi xasiaTis teqstebis wera;werilobiTi teqstis
organizaciis wesebisa da enobrivi normebis dacva; weris stilis cvla.
gakveTilis msvleloba/saklaso menejmenti:
provocireba
davaleba 1. ganmarteT mniSvneloba sityvebisa _ biografia,
avtobiografia. moiZieT leqsikonSi es sityvebi. SeadareT _ Tqveneuli
ganmarteba leqsikonisas. – 3 wT.
Sinaarsis realizeba
davaleba 1. SeqmeniTasociaciuri ruka: , ,ra vici ilia WavWavaZis
biografiis Sesaxeb” _ furclis SuaSi dawereT ,,ilia” da mis garSemo
rgolebSi ganaTavseT yvela is epizodi mwerlis cxovrebidan, rac
TqvenTvis cnobilia - 12 wT.
davaleba 2. gaecaniT saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul avtobiografias,
romelic iliam enciklopediuri leqsikonisaTvis dawera, da Temis
irgvliv ganTavsebuli rgolebi daakavSireT erTmaneTTan isrebiT im
TanmimdevrobiT, rogorc ilias avtobiografiaSia.
davaleba 3. jgufebisaTvis: _ 15 wT.
1. dawereT sakuTari avtobiografia. daicavi Semdegi
rekomendaciebi: jer aRwere: rodis da sad daibade; vin arian Seni
mSoblebi da rogor monawileobdnen Sens aRzrdaSi; Semdeg aRwere,
rodis da rogor migiyvanes sabavSvo baRSi (Tuki iq dadiodi) da vin iyo
Seni aRmzrdeli; rodis Sexvedi skolaSi, vin iyo Seni pirveli
maswavlebeli; aRwere, rogori atmosfero iyo gamefebuli dawyebiT
klasebSi; dasasruls, romel wlebSi swavlobdi sabazo skolaSi (VII-IX
klasebi) da oriode sityviT gadmoeci im maswavleblebis Sesaxeb,
romlebic giyvarda.
2. dawereT CV SemoTavazebuli nimuSis mixedviT da Semdegi
rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT:
instruqtaJi: CV avtobiografiis specifikuri variantia da igi unda
iyos lakonuri, araTxrobiTi stilis mqone, struqturulad gamarTuli
dokumenti. rekomendebulia erTeulebis qronologiuri ukusvliT
Camowera; universaluri wesebi ar arsebobs, Tumca konvenciuli formebis
gamokveTa SeiZleba, gamomdinare CV-s struqturis erTeulebis
161
prioritetulobidan: piradi, ZiriTadi informacia (saxeli, dabadebis
TariRi, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, misamarTi, telefoni, el-fosta,
moqalaqeoba da a. S., ); ganaTleba; warmatebebi, gamocdileba; enebis
floba; kompiuteruli programebis codna; inteleqtualur-SemoqmedebiTi,
sazogadoebrivi aqtivizmi; hobi, gataceba, sayvareli saqme.
davaleba 4. gaixseneT ilia WavWavaZis Seswavlili nawarmoebebi,
daakavSireT igi mwerlis biografiasTan, gaakeTeT daskvnebi da
moamzadeT naweri auditoriisTvis gasacnobad.
,,saavtoro savarZelze” moviwvieT moswavle (orive variantis
warmomadgenlebi) da vTxoveT warmoadgina naSromi auditoriis winaSe. _
7 wT.
Tanaklaselebma Seafases erTmaneTis naSromi sqemis mixedviT _ 2 wT.
kriteriumebi qulebi pirobasTan saTanadooba icavs sityvebis raodenobis qveda zRvars (informaciis sakmarisoba)
0 - 1
icavs pirobis Sinaarsobriv moTxovnebs, iyenebs miTiTebul konstruqcias
0 - 2
mizanTan Sesabamisoba sworad gansazRvravs mizans 0 - 2 komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebi gasagebad da Tanamimdevrulad gadmoscems informaciebs, azustebs, rodis ra moxda
0 - 2
enobrivi unar-Cvevebi iyenebs naswavl gramatikul konstruqciebs, formebs 0 - 1 iyenebs am formatis \ auditoriis Sesabamis leqsikas 0 - 1 organizaciuli mxare garkveuli xelweraa (kaligrafia), manZili sityvebs Soris da mindvrebi daculia
0 - 1
qulaTa maqsimaluri raodenobaa 10
saswavlo masala da teqnikuri resursebi – saxelmZRvanelo,
kompiuteruli teqnika, furclebi, dafa, carci.
modeli @#7
wera _ Temis Sejameba gakveTilze
sagani: qarTuli literatura
klasi: XII
gakveTilis Tema _ qali da mamakaci
162
wyaroebi: aron gureviCi _ ,,erosi da kultura”;
Tamaz natroSvili _ ,,mdinareni ver warRvnian”
fransua viioni _ ,,orkeci balada”;
andre morua _ ,,werilebi ucnob qals”;
tariel Wanturia _ ,,Sen unda cisfer RrubelTan iwve”;
goderZi Coxeli _ ,,cxra SekiTxva siyvarulis Sesaxeb”;
revaz inaniSvili _ ,,sami novela”;
ernest heminguei _ ,,TeTri spiloebis msgavsi mTebi”.
mizani: weris misaRwevi kompetencia – eses dawera. literaturuli
masalis dakavSireba, Tanamedrove cxovrebis aqtualur problemebTan;
erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis dafaseba; weris CarTva
sagakveTilo procesSi.
Sinaarsis realizeba _
2. weriTi davaleba _ argumentirebuli eseebi: (wyviluri) _ 12 wT
• siyvarulis nairsaxeoba;
• erosi da kultura;
• siyvaruli da Tavmoyvareoba;
• siyvarulis mosapoveblad yvela xerxi misaRebia?
• ,,Sen unda cisfer RrubelTan iwve”;
• tyuili da marTali: simarTle, romelic wyals amRvrevs.
• mezoblis cols xels nu axleb..
• qali _ nivTi, qali _ pirovneba;
• qorwineba _ siyvarulis dasawyisi Tu dasasruli?.
3. wyvilebis namuSevrebis prezentacia individualuri 10 wT
4. mini-diskusia_,,interpretaciebi” 5 wT
5. gamoCenili adamianebis sasiyvarulo werilebi_ adresatisa da
adresantis amocnoba (audioCanaweri, posteri) 4 wT
refleqsia _
6. weriTi davaleba - roli, auditoria,formati_,,gzavnili sayvarel
adamians” (individualuri) _ 5 wT
Sefaseba (individualuri) 2 wT
weriTi s/d _ ,,siyvarulis kodeqsi” (individualuri) 2 wT
resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, kompiuteruli teqnika, biblioTeka,
163
furclebi, dafa, carci
Sefaseba: prezentaciaze warmodgenili namuSevrebis Sesafaseblad
yvela msmenelma patara furcelze dawera is sami Tema, romelic yvelaze
metad moewona. vinc met qulas daagrovebda, is namuSevari iqneboda
aRiarebuli saukeTesod. adgilebi ase gaanawiles: I, II, III.
Sefasebis kriteriumebi iyo:
1. literaturuli wyaroebis codna da misi kritikuli
gamoyeneba nawerSi.;
2. sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;
3. enobrivi normebisa da gramatikuli wesebis dacva;
`siyvarulis kodeqsis” Sedgenili variantebi gadaecaT `eqpertebs”.
maT airCies ori saukeTeso.
`eqspertebis” Sefasebis kriteriumebi iyo:
1. zneobrivi mxare;
2. cxovrebaSi gamosadegianoba;
3. enobrivi normebis dacva.
modeli #8
klasis damrigeblisa da sagnis maswavleblebis erToblivi
klassaaTi - ,,saidan movdivar...”
mizani: weris zogadi kompetenciis ganviTareba _ ,,Tavisufali wera”;
winaprebis Rvawlis dafaseba, gaazreba imsa, Tu ,,vin varT da saidan
movdivarT”.
maswavleblis informacia: saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma 2010
wlis agvistos qadagebaSi mouwoda yvelas, daeweraT winaprebis
mosaxsenebeli locva da CamoeweraT TavianTi winaprebi. yvela
mosaxsenebeli Segrovdeboda da gamoicemoda wignad. 5 seqtembris
qadagebaSi aRniSna, `samwuxarod, mravalma Cvenganma ar icis papisa da
bebiis iqiT, vin iyvnen winaprebi. zogma iolad gadawyvita sakiTxi,
ubralod, aiRo patara furceli da Camowera Tavisi winaprebis saxelebi.
es ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom ufalma isminos Cveni vedreba. jer
Cven unda ganviwmindoT da mere ufro ismens ufali Cvens vedrebas. ase
rom, SegiZliaT kidev erTxel scadoT da daweroT. Cemi azriT, es iqneba
164
sulieri Txzuleba, romelic krebulis saxiT, SesaZloa Semdeg calke
wignad gamovceT. es iqneba Cveni aRsarebac da mosaxseniebelic” (gazeTi
`sapatriarqos uwyebani” #29, gv, 3).
davaleba: SeqmeniT ,,Cemi fesvebis genialogiuri xe”
dialogi: ,,locvis madli”;
davaleba weriTi samuSaosTvis: ,,locva winaprebisTvis”. TiToeli
moswavle Tavis namuSevrs gamofens sakuTari surviliT `SemoqmedebiT
Tokze”. gaecnobian erTmaneTis namuSevrebs, gaimarTeba msjeloba:
`davfiqrdeT...” msjelobis Semdeg SeuZliaT xelaxla daweron locva,
gadaaTeTron, waikiTxon ojaxebSi da gadawyviton gaagzavnon Tu ara
patriarqTan Tavisi nawerebi.
modeli #9
gakveTilgareSe sawreo muSaoba _ Sexvedra literaturul salonSi
Tema: ,,Cemi galaktioni”
sagnobrivi
wre
gansaxorcielebeli
RonisZieba
weris kompetenciebis
dasaxvewad dagegmili
aqtivobebi
qarTuli ena
da
literatura
eleqtronuli wignis
mixedviT wyaroebis
gacnoba: galaktionis
saxl-muzeumi, mogonebebi
galaktionze, leqsebSi
asaxuli biografia
biografiuli etiudi
xelovneba
galaktionis Tema
qarTvel mxatvarTa
ferweraSi
emociuri werilobiTi
komentari: `roca galaktionis
suraTis win vdgavar”
informaciul-
sakomunikacio
teqnologiebi
eleqtronuli wignis
ganxilva
kadrebis dasaTaureba
klipisaTvis _ ,,Sexvedra
galaktionTan”
N
modeli #10
`qali Cems cxovrebaSi”
sagnobrivi
wre
gansaxorcielebeli
RonisZieba
weris kompetenciis -
,,gansazRvrul droSi wera”-
gansaviTareblad dagegmili
aqtivobebi
165
qarTuli ena
da
literatura
literaturuli kiTxva:
leqsebi, da werilebi
dedas, satrfos, cols,
zogadad qals.
Canaxatis Seqmna; werili
qals (SearCieT, vis gindaT
misweroT).
xelovneba
simRerebi qalze; dedis
saxe saxviTi xelovnebis
SedevrebSi
emociuri komentari _
mosmenili simRera;
naxatiT gamowveuli
STabeWdilebis werilobiT
gadmocema.
informaciul-
sakomunikacio
teqnologiebi
videokolaJi:
`saqarTvelos lamazebo”
videokolaJis kadrebis
dasaTaureba, komentireba;
afiSis dawera: `Cemi klasis
qalebi”
modeli #11
recenzireba
klasi XI
sagani qarTuli ena da literatura
gakveTilis mizani: weriTi namuSevris Sefaseba recenziiT.
gakveTilis msvleloba: moswavleebi warmoadgenen moxsenebas,
leqsebis krebuls, Canaxatebs, romelic moamzades saSinao davalebad.
dro mocemuli hqondaT 10 dRe. maT mierve SerCeuli `oponentebi”
winaswar ecnobian namuSevrebs da weren recenzias.
moxsenebis wakiTxvis Semdeg ori `oponenti” kiTxulobs maT mier
daweril recenzias.
msmenelTa SekiTxvebs pasuxoben momxseneblebica da oponentebic.
SerCeuli `eqspertebi” afaseben moxsenebasa da recenzias kriteriumebiT.
(kriteriumebi winaswar aris gansazRvruli da icnoben moswavleebi).
recenzirebis nimuSi piradi praqtikidan:
baTumis #21 sajaro skolis X klasis moswavle baCana abaSiZis mier
momzadebul leqsze ,,pirveli aRsareba”.
nawyvetebi leqsidan: aRsareba patriarqTan
es aris Cemi pirveli aRsareba, moZRvaro, Seminde, rom furclidan
giyvebi. axla Sorsa xar Cemgan, mamao, da ver mogawvdine Cemi sityvebi. me damiCagravs Cemze sustebi,
me momiparavs borotis karnaxiT, magram yoveli Secodebis Semdeg _ midi, inaneo, _ raRac CamZaxis... ...tyuili miTqvams mSoblebisaTvis, Cemi mizeziT tiroda deda, im wuTas mZulda me Tavi Cemi,
166
mzes mibnelebda brazi da sevda. Cemsas vamtkicebdi binZuri sityvebiT, roca mtkicebas aravin mTxovda, roca saWiro iyo mSvidoba, Cems gulSi codvis fanteli Tovda. gaumaZRari viyavi yovlad, me ar mesmoda nazi galoba...
axlac ara var me Rirsi, magram minda viTxovo Sengan wyaloba. me momiteve codvebi Cemi. ase cxovreba ar SemiZlia. mixsen wiTeli klanWebisagan, gadamarCine, dido ilia.
warmodgenil leqsSi gamokveTilia avtoris ZiriTadi saTqmeli.
kontrastul ferebSi aRiqvams garemomcvel sinamdviles da originaluri
formiT gamoxatavs Tavis sulier miswrafebebsa da gancdebs, fiqrebs
sikeTesa da saTnoebaze. marTalia, baCanas poeturi palitra dasaxvewia,
magram didi emociebiT datvirTuli misi leqsi Tavisufalia yovelgvari
poziorobisgan, avtori uSualoa da gulwrfeli, misi Tvalsawieri ufro
farToa, vidre es erTi SexedviT Cans. erTi ram udavoa, baCana abaSiZes
ukve aqvs arCeuli sikeTiTa da borotebiT aRsavse ama soflis Secnobis
sakuTari gza.
X klasis moswavle baCana abaSiZis mier momzadebul leqsebis
krebulze ,,pirveli aRsareba” ganxiluli da mowonebulia saskolo
SemoqmedebiT konferenciaze. rekomendacia mieca saqalaqo SemoqmedebiT
konferenciaze warsadgenad.
sacdeli saqmianobis dasasruls CavatareT kvleva, romlis mizani
iyo: integrirebul saswavlo procesSi (gakveTili, sawreo muSaoba,
klasis saaTi) weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRwevisa da miRweuli donis
ganviTarebis Sedegebis Sefaseba
kvlevis meTodi – saubari.
kvlevis monawileni: baTumis #21sajaro skolis maswavleblebi (25),
moswavleebi (90).
kvlevis procedura: konkretuli pasuxis misaRebad gaviTvaliswineT
kiTxvebi:
ra gansxvavebaa weriTi samuSaos aqamde Sesrulebul da sacdeli
muSaobis periodSi ganxorcielebul saqmianobas Soris?
ra aris sacdel muSaobaSi TqvenTvis misaRebi? miuRebeli?
ra winadadebebi geqnebaT?
ramdenad sasargeblod migaCniaT modeli gakveTilis dagegmvis
(scenaris) Sesadgenad?
167
SevqmeniT garemo gulaxdili saubrisaTvis.
kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT: aqamdeSesrulebul da sacdel
muSaobaSi gansxvavebas xedaven; mkafiod gamoikveTeba weriT misaRwevi
Sedegebi da ara ,,wera werisTvis” an „wera qulebisTvis”; weriTi
davalebis Sesasruleblad mieTiTeba forma da strategia.
weriTi davalebis Sesruleba moswavleebisTvis iyo saintereso,
motivirebuli, TiTqmis yvelas hqonda daweris survili. misaRebi
aRmoCnda moswavlisaTvis imis gacnoba, rom, Tu wers, romel kompetencias
iyenebs, eufleba, ganaviTarebs miRweuli erTi kompetenciiTsxvadasxva
saganSi davalebis Sesrulebisas.
modelebi gakveTilisTvis sasargebloa, radgan xeli Seewyo axali
gakveTilisTvis momzadebis process. modelebisagan Seqmnes
`maswavleblis portfolio”.
SemoTavazebul winadadebebSi gamoikveTa survili, rom instruqtaJi
asaxuliyo modelSi.es winadadeba misaRebia, magram, radgan strategiebs
da kompetenciebs calke paragrafebSi ganvixilavT, aq aRar Cagviweria.
sacdeli muSaobiT miRweul iqna evropaSi saganmanaTleblo
struqturebis urTierTobisaTvis proeqt ,,Tuningis” SedegebiT
maswavleblis ganaTlebisa da ganaTlebis mecnierebebis kvlevebisaTvis
gaTvaliswinebuli
a) sakvanZo dargobrivi kompetenciebi:
mravalferovan konteqstSi saganmanaTleblo problemebis erToblivi
gadawyveta;
originaluri kvlevis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba;
ganaTlebis sferoSi da an skolis pedagogikaSi originaluri da
sabolood gamoqveynebuli kvlevis SesaZleblobis demonstrirebis
unari.
b) sakvanZo zogadi kompetenciebi:
axali codnis Seqmna da interpretireba originaluri kvlevis an
sxva samecniero miRwevis meSveobiT, romelTa xarisxi erovnul an
saerTaSoriso doneze akmayofilebs kolegebis mxridan ganxilvas;
axali unarebis, teqnikis, instrumentebis (meTodebis), praqtikuli
saqmianobisa da masalebis ganviTareba.
168
kvlevisa da inovaciebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb komunikacia kolegebTan.
integrirebuli gakveTili gamoirCeva tradiciulisagan saganTaSoris
kavSiris gamoyenebiT, gakveTilSi sxva sagnebis masalis epizoduri
CarTviT. integrirebuli swavlebis struqtura Seicavs: saswavlo masalis
simkveTresa da kompaqturobas; integrirebuli sagnebis masalis
urTierTkavSirs; saswavlo masalis did informatikul tevadobas. rac
ufro daqucmacebulia samyaro moswavlisTvis sxvadasxva ”sagnebad” miT
ufro urTuldeba mas misi aRqma da Seswavla. integrirebuli swavlisas
moswavleebi ukeTesad axerxeben erT saganSi naswavli unarebis gadatanas
meore saganSi. es ki umniSvnelovanesi unaria (e.w. transferuli unarebi).
169
daskvnebi
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli meTodikis ZiriTadi
orientirebi: sagnebis integrirebuli swavleba, aqcenti mravalmxriv
perspeqtivaze, saswavlo sagnebis jgufebad gaerTianeba, saganTa Soris
mWidro kavSiris ganxorcieleba ganapirobebs weris zogadi
kompetenciebis gansazRvris aucileblobas.
arsebuli viTarebis Seswavla cxadyofs, rom wera yvela saswavlo
sagnis mniSvnelovani aqtivobaa, romlis dauflebisaTvis mimdinareobs
saintereso muSaoba da rig maswavleblebs warmatebuli gamocdileba
aqvT. magram umetes SemTxvevaSi weriT misaRwevi Sedegebis gansazRvra da
erT saganSi miRebuli unarisa da codnis sxva saganSi gacnobierebuli
gamoyeneba ar xdeba. weriTi davalebebi ZiriTadad sruldeba saSinao
davalebebis saxiT.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra xels uwyobs erT saganSi
miRebuli codnis, unarebis, SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebas sxva saganSi
axali codnis miRebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. exmareba moswavles
gaacnobieros, ra Sedegi aqvs misaRwevi, rogor iswavlos, rogor
moixmaros dauflebuli codna da unari momavalSi.
weris zogadi kompetenciebis daufleba ZiriTadad mimdinareobs
qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilze saswavlo gegmis
mimarTuleba ,,weriT” gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
weris kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis swavlebis organizaciis
formebia: gakveTili, gakveTilgareSe muSaoba.
gakveTilze wera SesaZlebelia: a) wera CarTulia gakveTilis
msvlelobis dagegmvaSi; b) gakveTilis erT-erTi mizania weris
kompetenciis miRweva strategiebis gamoyenebiT; g) weris kompetenciis
miRweuli donis Sefaseba (mimdinare an Semajamebeli wera); d) saSinao
davalebis Sesruleba.
weris kompetenciebis ganviTarebis gakveTilgareSe muSaobis
formebia: sagnobrivi wreebi, klasis saaTi, eqskursia, gasvliTi
saganmanaTleblo seminari.
saswavlo saganTa jgufSi Semaval da sxva jgufis sagnebSi weris
kompetenciebis miRwevis efeqturi saSualebaa sagnobrivi kaTedra. misi
170
meSveobiT xorcieldeba maswavlebelTaA TanamSromloba, weris
kompetenciebis swavleba/swavlis dagegmvis, axali midgomebis gamoyenebis,
kvalifikaciis amaRlebis RonisZiebani.
didaqtikuri gamocdilebiT Seqmnili weris gakveTilis modelebi
saSualebas iZleva warmoCindes inovaciuri pedagogiuri gamocdileba,
xeli Seewyos ukeTesi variantebis Seqmnas,
strategiebis gamoyeneba exmareba moswavles kompetenciis dauflebasa
da swavlis Sedegis miRwevaSi; xels uwyobs saswavlo procesSi
aqtiurobasa da Sin da sxva situaciaSi damoukidebeli muSaobis
warmarTvas.
weris strategiebis SerCevisaTvis saWiro principebia:
weris strategiebis saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba;
weris strategiebis swavleba / swavla iTvaliswinebs sxva saganSi mis
gamosadegianobas;
moswavlis mzadyofna SeZlos weris strategiebis miznobrivad,
efeqtianad gamoyeneba
weris strategiebis gamoyeneba ar iwvevdes moswavlis gadatvirTvas;
weris miRweuli kompetenciis donis gansazRvrisas Sefasebis
principebis (sandooba, validuroba, obieqturoba, gamWvirvaloba)
dasacavad gamoiyeneba ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis
sistema. saswavlo miznis da amocanis Sesabamisi Sefasebisa da
TviTSefasebis formebis, meTodebis, cxrilebisa da sqemebis gamoyeneba
ganapirobebs swavleba / swavlis procesSi moswavlis daxmarebis ukeTesi
Sedegis miRwevas.
171
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