第1题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（全国Ⅰ）) B

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第1题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（全国Ⅰ）) B

Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.

Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多样化饮食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.

Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life. 60. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.

A. depend on one sense in choosing food B. are not satisfied with their food

C. choose food in similar ways

D. eat entirely different food

61. Which of the following eats only one type of food?

A. The white butterfly.B. The small bird.C. The bear. D. The fox.

62. Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.

A. the season changes

B. the food color changes

C. they move to different places

D. they are attracted by different smells

63. We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.

A. food is chosen for a good reason

B. French and British food is good

C. some people have few choices of food D. some people care little about healthy diet

答案

60. C

解析:这是一道推理题。根据第一段可知,人用气味和味道来选择食物,动物用一种或多种感觉选择食物,从这点上人和其他动物是类似的。

61. A

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage,even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden.”可以推断出这种白蝴蝶只吃卷心菜。

62. A

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.”可以推断出这些动物的食物随着季节而变化。

63. D

解析:这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us.”可知我们经常选择食物是因为喜欢而不是对身体有益,由此推断出有些人会选择不健康的食物。

第2题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（北京卷）)B

The Book of Life

So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）, and that’s just a small number of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other living things coveting the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of bird just flew by.

A soon-to-be-started Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of Web-based Encyclopedia （百科全书）of Life（EoL）. The project aims to list every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.

To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases （数据库） that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, non-scientists with specialized knowledge will come to help. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input what birds they’ve seen and where. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it.

As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature （以……为特色）special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems in their neighborhoods. Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests, age, and knowledge.

It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that Process.

60. The Web-based EoL aims to__________ .

A. find out what covers the earth

B. list all living things on Earth

C. work out the number of birds

D. save the existing plants

61. One characteristic of the EoL is that__________ .

A. it is run by school students

B. it focuses on different types of grass

C. it provides different levels of information

D. it allows non-scientists to review its data

62. In the last paragraph, "that process" means__________ .

A. analyzing species B. creating a new toolC. collecting dataD. describing species

答案

60. B

解析:这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段最后一句“The project aims to list every species on Earth in a single,easy-to-use reference guide.”可知网上百科全书的目标建立一个简单易用的指引来列出地球上的所有物种。

61. C

解析:这是一道推理题。根据第四段“Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests,age,and knowledge.”你可以找到适合自己的兴趣、年龄和知识水平的信息,也就是说EoL有多层次信息适用于不同年龄段和兴趣以及知识水平的受众。

62. C

解析:这是一道词义推断题。根据最后一段,“that process”就是指前一句中提到的工作,前一句是“It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.”科学家花费了很多年来搜集用来分析和描述物种的数据,所以“that process”指的是搜集数据。干扰项是A和D,分析和描述物种都是数据的用途而非在进行的工作。

第3题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（天津卷）)D

In meditation(冥想)，people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath . As they breathe in and out , they attend to their feelings . As thoughts go through their minds. they let them go. Breathe . Let go . Breathe . Let go

According to a recent study at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre, Massachusetts. Three months of training in this kind of meditation causes a market change in how the brain allocates(分配) attention. It appears that the ability to let go thoughts that come into mind frees the brain to attend to more rapidly changing things and events in the outside world. Expert mediators are better than other people at catching such fast-changing stimuli( 刺激), like facial expressions.

The study provides evidence for changes in the workings of the brain with mental training. People can learn and improve abilities of all sorts with practice. everything from driving to playing the piano. The study has shown that meditation is good for the brain, It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of well-being.

In an experiment , 17 volunteers with no meditation experience in the experimental group spent three months meditating 10 to 12 hours a day . A control group also with no meditation experience meditated for 20 minutes a day over the same period . Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group of letters. As both group looked for the numbers , their brain activity was recorded.

Everyone could catch the first number. But the brain recordings showed that the less experienced mediators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it, so they missed the second number . Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number . as if letting it go , which led to an increased ability to grasp the second number , This shows that attention can change with practice.

Just ask Daniel Levision , who meditated for three months as part of the study . ”I am a much better listener, ” he said. “ I do not get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying. ”

48. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refers to

A. feelings B. minds C. people D. thoughts

49. Meditations manage their daily tasks better because they

A. are given less pressure

B. allocate their attention better

C. have more stimuli for life

D. practice them more frequently

50. In the experiment, volunteers doing meditation for longer hours

A. were more likely to catch both of the members

B. were used to memorizing numbers in groups

C. usually ignored the first number observed

D. paid more attention to numbers than to letters

51. The study proves that

A. meditation improves one’s health B. brain activity can be recorded

C. human attention can be trained

D. mediators have a good sense of hearing

答案

48. D

解析:这是一道指代题。根据第一段“As thoughts go though their minds,they let them go.”当想法进入意识,冥想者忽略它们，可知忽略的是“thoughts”。

49. B

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“three months of training in this kind of meditation cause a marked change in how the brain allocates attention. ”可以推断出冥想者更好管理日常任务是因为大脑可以更好地安排调节注意力。

50. A

解析:这是一道推断题。根据倒数第二段“Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number,as if letting it go which let to an increased ability to grasp the second number.”可以推断出冥想训练多的人群虽然不对第一个数字关注那么多,但是抓住第二个数字的能力增强了,也就是说这些人更能同时记住两个数字。

51. C

解析:这是一道归纳题。本文主要介绍冥想训练对大脑安排注意力的好处,证明了人的注意力是可以训练的。

第5题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（天津卷）)E

When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and how do they operate?

Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things, If this is even possible. it is short-term , and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will. they may do it because they feel they must , but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term , They will also experience fear.

Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best . If they associate you with this emotion of fear. They will become less functional around you , and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot . but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively . Fear has no place in leadership.

The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something , which may be part of the work day; or we can employ them at the emotional level , so they became fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation(积极性)。Today’s work place is all about relationships as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work. They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor (因素) in the work life of most people.

The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence---knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others . Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills .

52. An employee may have a feeling of fear in the work place when___.

A. he is forced to do things

B. be cannot work at his best

C. . he feels his brain shut down

D. he thinks of his work as too heavy

53. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. People tend to associate leadership with fear

B. Working conditions affect people’s physical health

C. Good relationship is the key to business success

D. Smart people are more functional in the work place.

54. To positively influence employees a leader should first of all __

A. provide better suggestions

B. develop his own personality

C. five his employees a pay raise

D. hide his own emotion of fear

55.Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader’s ability to___

A . provide a variety of project for employeesB. help raise employee’s living standards

C. give employees specific instructions

D. deal wisely with employees’ emotions

答案

52. A

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“If you order someone to do something against their will,they may do it because they feel they must..They will also experience fear.”所以恐惧来自于违反意愿而被强制做某事。

53. C

解析:这是一道判断正误题。根据最后一段“The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence.”可以判断出好的上下级关系是工作成功的保障。

54. B

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第四段“or we can employ them at the emotional level,so they become fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation.”和第五段“Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they’re recognized and valued as a human being as well as a worker.”可以推断出应该让被雇佣者发挥自己的能动性和个性,才能更好完成工作。

55. D

解析:这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence—knowing your own emotions,and how to handle them,and those of others.”可以判断出这里面“others”就是指被雇佣者,所以好的领导者可以更好地处理被雇佣者的情绪。

第6题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（辽宁卷）)A

What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today's leading killers, such as heart diseases, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memory.

In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells(细胞) are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on---in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.

It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic conditional human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.

56. According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by _______.

A. diseases and aging B. accidents and war

C. accidents and aging  D. heart diseases and war

57.In the author's opinon, today's most important advance in technology lies in _____.

A. medicine B. the internet  C. brain cells D. human organs

58. Humans may live longer in the future because ______.

A. heart disease will be far away from us

B. human brains can decide the final death

C. the basic materials of cells will last foreverD. human organs can be repaired by new medicine

59. We can learn from the passage that _____.

A. human life will not last more than 120 years in the future

B. human have to take medicine to build new skin cells now

C. much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life

D. we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells.

答案

56. A

解析:这是一道细节题。根据第一段“Today’s leading killers,such as heart disease,cancer,and aging itself,will become distant memories.”可知导致人类死亡的主要原因是疾病和衰老。

57. A

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times.”可以推断出医药的改变是我们这个时代发展最大的技术。

58. D

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine...medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so,people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs.”可知医药将能够修复人的器官使人活得更长。

59. C

解析:这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.”可知还有很多技术问题需要解决,才能实现(延长人类生命的目的)。

第7题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（江苏卷）) D

Thinking

Some scientists claim that we humans are the only living things that are conscious(有意识的)-we alone are aware that we are thinking.

No one knows how consciousness works –it is one of science’s last great mysteries.

All your thoughts take place in the cerebrum(大脑皮质),which is at the top of your brain, and different kinds of thought are linked to different areas, areas, called association areas.

Each half of the cerebrum has four rounded ends called lobes(脑叶)-two at the front (frontal and temporal lobes)and two at the back (occipital and parietal lobes).

The frontal lobe is linked to your personality and it is where you have your bright ideas.

The temporal lobe is where you hear and understand what people say to you.

The occipital lobe is where you work out what your eyes see.

The parietal lobe is where you record touch, heat and cold, and pain.

The left half of the brain controls the right side of the body. The right half controls the left side.

One half of the brain is always dominant (in charge).Usually, the left brain is dominant, which is why 90% of people are right-handed.

68.Which part of your cerebrum is most active when you are making a telephone call?

A. The frontal lobe.

B. The temporal lobe.C. The occipital lobe.  D. The parietal lobe.

69.Which of the following statements is true?

A. One’s personality has something to do with the frontal lobe.

B. Bright ideas come from the parietal lobe.

C. The occipital and temperal lobes are at the back of the cerebrum.

D. The occipital lobe is in charge of sound.

70.From the passage, we know the reason why around 10% of people are left-handed is that _______.

A.their frontal lobe is usually dominant B.their temporal lobe is usually dominant

C.their right brain is usually dominant D.their left brain is usually dominant

答案

68. B

解析:这是一道细节题。根据短文中的“The temporal lobe is where you hear and understand what people say to you.”可判断出当你打电话时temporal lobe最活跃,因为它是听见和理解人们对你说什么的部位。

69. A

解析:这是一道正误判断题。根据短文中的“The frontal lobe is linked to your personality and it is where you have your bright ideas.”可判断出选项A是正确的。

70.:C

解析:这是一道细节题。根据短文中的“Usually,the left brain is dominant,which is why 90% of people are right-handed.”可判断出一个人是左撇子的原因是他的右脑处于支配地位。

第8题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（福建卷）)C

Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars(火星), and say they could be protecting life from the planet’s terrible environment.

The first caves discovered beyond the Earth appear as seven mysterious black dots on the pictures sent back by NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter. Each as large as a football field, they may be openings into natural caves below the Martian surface.

“If there is life on Mars, there is a good chance you’d find it in caves,” said Jut Wynne,one of the researchers who noticed the features while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program.

Jonathan Clarke, a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia, yesterday described the discovery as exciting.

One photo taken at night by an infrared imager(红外线成像器) showed one hole to be unusually warm, suggesting hot air trapped during the day is flowing out.

“I said:‘Wow, that’s a cave’” Dr. Clarke said excitedly. “People have been looking for these for a long time; now we have found them.”

He agreed such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life escaping from the bitterly cold, radiation-soaked(充满辐射的), dry surface.

“Tiny drops of water could collect inside,” he said. “If there are gases coming out, they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria. A cave is also a protection from radiation; the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation.”

The caves probably formed when tube-shaped lave flows(管状岩浆流) spread across the planet long ago. The outside of the tubes cooled, forming solid walls, while something hotter inside allowed the remaining have to flow out, forming caves.

64.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. How the caves were formed on Mars.

B. How scientists found these caves on Mars.

C. Caves on Mars may be full of hot air or a sign of life.

D. Scientists have completely recognized the surface of Mars.

65.We can learn from the passage that  .

A. water has already been found on Mars

B. the scientists found all the caves at night

C.it is certain that there is life in these caves

D.the surface of Mars is bitterly cold, radiation-soaked and dry

66.According to the passage, Dr. Clarke was so excited because .

A.such caves could provide energy for life

B.they had finally found the caves on Mars

C.such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life

D.scientists had long been looking for these caves

67.Necessary conditions for life on Mars mentioned in the passage may include .

A.lava and energy

B.water and radiation from space

C.gases and lava

D.water and protection from radiation

答案

64C

解析：这是一道主旨题。本文主要介绍了科学家在火星上发现一些坑洞，这些坑洞可以聚集热空气和水分，使生命出现变得可能。本文也描述了这些坑洞发现的过程和形成原因，但都不是主要描述的内容，所以A项和B项不全面。

65. D

解析：这是一道判断题。根据倒数第三段“He agreed such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life escaping from the bitterly cold, radiation-soaked, dry surface.”可以判断出火星表面是个极端寒冷、充满辐射、干燥的地方。A、C选项都是文中的推测，并没有得出明确的结论。

66. B

解析：这是一道推断题。根据第六段Dr.Clarke的表述“People have been looking for these for a long time；now we have found them.”可知Clarke教授的喜悦是因为人们找这些坑洞很长时间了，现在终于找到了。

67. D

解析：这是一道归纳题。根据坑洞中可能出现生命以及倒数第二段“Tiny drops of water could collect inside,”和“A cave is also a protection from radiation”可以归纳出生命产生需要水和避免辐射。

第9题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（福建卷）) E

Dogs wag(摇摆) their tails in different directions depending on whether they are excited and wanting to move forward or threatened and thinking of moving back, a study has found.

Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging behaviour of 30 dogs, catching their responses to a range of stimuli(刺激物) with video cameras. To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years. The dogs were all family pets whose owners had allowed them to take part in the experiment at Bari University. The dogs were placed in a large wooden box with an opening at the front to allow for them to view various stimuli. They were tested one at a time.

The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners—a positive experience—their tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appearance of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less intensity again. The appearance of a large unfamiliar dog, similar to a German shepherd, changed the direction of tail wagging to the left. Researchers supposed the dog was thinking of moving back. When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left, suggesting they preferred company. While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood (心情) of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.

71.The video cameras were used to catch the dogs’ responses because .

A.it was easier to catch the dogs’ response changes in the tail wagging

B.the dogs were put in the wooden boxes and tested one at a time.

C.they enabled the dogs’ owners to know about their dogs’ habit

D.the dogs wagged their tails in different directions when they were in different moods

72.The underlined word “intensity” in the passage means .

A.surprise B.worry C.excitement D.interest

73.When there are no stimuli, a dog will  .

A.wag to the left B.wag to the right

C.not wag at all D.wag to the left and then to the right

74.The underlined word “they” refers to  .

A.the dogs B.the trainers C.the systems D.the researchers

75.The purpose of doing the experiment is  .

A.to train dogs for their owners B.to help people judge the mood of dogs

C.to help dogs find company D.to help people choose their pet dogs

答案

71. A

解析：这是一道细节判断题。根据最后一段“While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video,it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of dogs.”可以推断出如果没有摄像机的帮助，人们很难发现狗尾巴摇动的变化，所以摄像机是使得观察更加容易。

72. C

解析：这是一道词义猜测题。第三段是几个排比的句子，画线词和前面的“energetically”和“enthusiasm”都是同义词。

73. A

解析：这是一道细节判断题。根据第三段“When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left...”可知没有刺激的时候，狗的尾巴是摇向左边的。

74. B

解析：这是一道指代题。根据“Computer and video systems,for example,could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.”approach 是“接近”的意思，由于是驯狗师被要求接近狗而不能是狗被要求接近驯狗师，所以they指代的是dog trainers。

75. B

解析：这是一道归纳题。根据最后一段“While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video,it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of dogs.”可以推断出这个研究可以帮助人们判断狗的情绪。

第10题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（湖北卷）) D

Over the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference. Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two.

Money can buy a degree of happiness. But once you can afford to feed, clothe and house yourself, each extra dollar makes less and less difference.

Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier. But the link between money and happiness is complex. In the past half-century, average income has sharply increased in developed countries, yet happiness levels have remained almost the same. Once your basic needs are met, money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors and colleagues.

“Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better,” conclude some experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways-scientists or actors, for example-may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.

In a research, Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires-not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health-rose furthest beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap (差距)。Indeed, the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone. “The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income.” says Michalos.

Another factor that has to do with happiness is age. Old age may not be so bad“Given all the problems of aging, how could the elderly be more satisfied？”asks Professor Laura Carstensen.

In one survey, Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94, and asked them to fill out an emotions questionnaire. She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people, Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they’re more realistic about their time running out, older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t.

“People realize not only what they have, but also that what they have cannot last forever,” she says. “A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85, for example, may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”

72.According to the passage, the feeling of happiness .

A.is determined partly by genes

B.increases gradually with age

C.has little to do with wealth

D.is measured by desires

72.Some actors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs .

A.make them feel much better

B.provide chances to make friends

C.improse their social position

D.satisfy their professional interests

74.Aged people are more likely to feel happy because they are more  .

A.optimistic B.successful C.practical D. emotional

75.Professor Alex Michalos found that people feel less happy if  .

A.the gap between reality and desire is biggerB.they have a stronger desire for friendship

C.their income is below their expectation

D.the hope for good health is greater

答案

72. A

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第一段“Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes.”可以推断出幸福感在一定程度上由基因决定。

73. C

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第四段“‘Dollars buy status,and status makes people feel better’...which helps explain why people who can seek status in other way—scientists or actors,for example—may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.”可以推断出演员接受收入低的工作是为了提升社会地位,使自己感觉更好。

74. C

解析:这是一道归纳题。根据倒数第二段“Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it,or they’re more realistic about their goals”可以推断出老年人对待目标更加实际,所以可以感觉更幸福。

75. A

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第五段“people whose desires...rose furthest beyond what they already had,tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap.”可以推断出,如果现实和欲望差距比较大,比起相差不大的人幸福感差,也就是说感觉相对不幸福。

第11题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（湖南卷）) A

In June, 2007, a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada’s Manitoba province, will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube.

The one-kilogram Win-Cub satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.

There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace (航空航天的) experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.

The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program. It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space.

“These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm, innovation (创新), and a strong love for discovery,” said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. “We want to make science more relevant (相关的), interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space,” Bjomson added.

The Win-Cube program is mainly named at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba’s devotion to research and innovation and the development of a skilled workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth.

56. According to the passage, the Win-Cube satellite is _________.

A. named after Manitoba and its shape B. intended for international communication

C. designed like a Rubik’s cube both in shape and size

D. challenged by university students around the world

57. According to Mr. Bjomson, ___________.

A. those Manitoba high school students are worth praising

B. the study of space can be practically made in classrooms

C. Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of space

D. scientific research is too far away from high school students

58. The primary purpose of the project is to _________.

A. find the early signs of earthquakes B. relate studies to practical

C. help high school students study real-world engineering

D. inspire a strong desire for discovery among the students

59. The best title for this passage may be ________.

A. Manitoba School B. Win-Cube Program C. Space Co-operation

D. Satellite Launching

答案

56. C

解析:这是一道推断题,根据第一段“will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube.”和第二段“The one-kilogram Win-Cub satellite,named for its home city and its shape”可以推断出Win-Cub的形状和大小都像Rubik’s cube。

57. A

解析:这是一道推断题。根据第五段“These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm,innovation,and a strong love for discovery,”可以判断出Mr.Bjomson给学生们很高的评价。

58. D

解析:这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“The Win-Cube program is mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students.”可知这个计划最早是为了激发学生探索的欲望。

59. B

解析:这是一道主旨题。本文主要介绍了一个中学生和航天人员共同研发制造一个航天卫星的计划,旨在激发学生们的探索和创造力。

第12题(2007年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（四川卷）)D

Sorry to say, our brains pastorally start slowing down at the cruelly young age of 30. It used to be thought that this couldn’t be helped，but new studies show that people of any age can train their brains to work faster.“Your brain is a learning machine,” says University of California scientist Dr. Michael Merzenich. Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger. All that’s required is the practice designed just for the purpose: a few exercises for the mind.

Merzenich has developed a computer-based training method to speed up the process (过程) in which the brain deals with information (positscience com ). Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language mad hearing to better speed and accuracy (准确性).

Over the course of training, the program starts asking you to distinguish (辨别)sounds (between “dog” and “bog”, for example) at an increasingly faster speed. It’s a bit like tennis instructor, says Merzenich, hitting balk at you faster and faster to keep you challenged(受到挑战). You may start out slow, but before long you’re pretty quick.

The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your blain to learn，it will learn. And it may even speed up while in the process.

To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you：playing table tennis or bridge，doing crossword puzzles，learning a language....“When it comes to preventing ageing，you really do use it or lose it’s，”says Barbara Sahakian, professor at Cambridge University.

67. Dr. Merzenich’s training method mainly depends on______________.

A. speech training B. computer languages

C. the activities one joins in D. the information being dealt with

68. By saying “the brain to any is highly plastic”, the writer probably means the brain can be___________.

A. used  B. mastered  C. developed  D. researched

69. What can we learn from the text?

A. Practice makes a quick mind.

B. Brain research started ten yeas ago.

C. Dr. Merzenich is a scientist in computer.

D. People believed nothing could stop the brain slowing down.

70. Which of the following agrees with the writer’s idea?

A. The training methods work better for the old.

B. People should use the brain to stop it from ageing.

C. The training of the brain should start at an early age.

D. It’s necessary to take part in as many activities as possible.

答案

67. A

解析：这是一道推断题。根据第二段“Since much of the data we receive comes through speech,the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to better speed and accuracy”可知我们大多数信息来自语言，所以这个训练从语言和听力开始。

68. C

解析：这是一道推断题。画线词的意思是任何年龄阶段的大脑可塑性都很强，也就意味着可以通过训练来提高大脑反应速度。这一点在第四段的“And it may even speed up while in the process.”也有描述。

69. D

解析：这是一道推断题。根据第一段“Sorry to say,our brains naturally start slowing down at the Cruelty young age of 30.It used to be thought that this couldn’t be helped,”可知人们认为没有什么可以阻止大脑反应变慢。

70. B

解析：这是一道主旨题。根据最后一段“To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you”可知作者认为人们应该进行一些活动来是大脑更灵活，防止衰老。

第13题(2007年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语（上海卷）)

Saturday 28 April, 2001: Dennis Tito was setting off on his holiday. Mr. Tito’s journey was certainly unusual! So was the transport he chose, and the price of his trip.

The 60-year-old multi-millionaire from New York was sitting on board a Russian spaceship. He was on a journey to the International Space Station. It might have been a routine trip for the two astronauts who were traveling with him, but for him it was certainly no ordinary journey. Dennis Tito was the first tourist ever in space, and he had paid the sum of $20 million to go there. As the spacecraft left the earth’s atmosphere, Tito drank a glass of fruit juice to celebrate and looked down at the earth’s blue-green surface. Two minutes later, he was sick. Luckily it was only a minor problem. He soon recovered, and from then on enjoyed a smooth journey. When he arrived at the space station, there was a big smile on his face. “A great trip!” he commented. “I love space.”

For a long time space travel was something for heroes. But all this is going to change. Companies like ProSpace are investing large amounts of money in space travel. They want space and space travel to belong to the public, not just governments. There are other plans, like voyages through space from one side of the world to the other. Maybe we will be able to depart from New York at nine o’clock in the morning, and arrive an hour later-- in Tokyo! Such a schedule would allow the business traveler to return to New York on the same day, and still have eight hours for a meeting!

65.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A.Business Travelers B.Space Tourists C.A Space Exploration D.A Frightening Adventure

66.According to the passage, Dennis Tito .

A.enjoyed his trip very much B.was too sick to eat anything in space

C.suffered a lot during the trip D.didn’t think the trip was worthwhile

67.Which of the following statements is tree according to the passage?

A.Tito was the first American tourist in space.

B.Tito contributed all of his wealth to his space trip.

C.Tito visited the Russian Space Station during his trip.

D.Space travel has become a routine for Tito since then.

68.It can be expected from the passage that .

A.space travel will belong to the public instead of governments

B.airplanes will some day reach the speed of space vehicles

C.can will be able to circle the earth within less than an hour

D.travel between two places on earth will be made through space

答案

65—68：BAAD

第14题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷Ⅰ)

Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds (灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好斗的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.

Greyhounds can live for 12 – 14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.

Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.

Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim (苗条的) they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold, especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside.

56. The text is written mainly______.

A. to tell people how to raise greyhounds

B. to let people know more about greyhounds

C. to explain why greyhounds are aggressive

D. to describe greyhounds of different colors

57. It can be inferred that greyhounds_______.

A. love big doghouses

B. like staying in bed all day

C. make the best guard dogs

D. need some exercise outdoors

58. Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?

A. They are big in size.

B. They live a very long life.

C. They can run races for some time.

D. They are quiet and easy to look after.

59. If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important________.

A. to keep it slimB. to keep it warmC. to take special care of its legs

D. to take it to animal doctors regularly

答案 56.B 57.D 58.D 59.B

56.解析略

57.解析：这是一道推断题。从第一段“They can actually be quite lazy”和“they do need regular excise”可以推断出灰狗比较懒惰，需要锻炼，选D。从“misunderstanding”和“greyhounds must be aggressive”可知灰狗并不好斗，A不对。文中说到灰狗怕冷，所以不会总是在外面，B不对。灰狗是great pets，而不是guard dogs，C也不对。

58.解析：这是一道细节题。根据第二段最后一句，“They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size ”可知它们很安静，容易照顾。

59.解析：这是一道推断题。从最后一句，“But they do feel the clod… ”可知灰狗比较怕冷，需要注意保暖。

 

第15题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语北京卷)

While parents, particularly mothers, have always been attached to their infants (婴儿), societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain (保持). First of all, the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.

One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged maternal (母亲的) attachment was tightly wrapping (包裹) infants. Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking (抚摸) and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers' and fathers' affection for their infants.

A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. Breast-feeding (母乳哺育) was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times; infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places, such as nineteenth-century France, city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first, leaving little milk for the city infant—who, in many cases, died. In Rouen, the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent.

68. Babies were unnamed until they were two so that _______.

A. an old social custom could be kept up

B. maternal attachment could be maintained

C. they could have better chances to surviveD. their parents would not be too sad if they died

69. Why were babies wrapped?

A. To protect them from the cold.

B. To distance their mothers from them.

C. To make them feel more comfortable.D. To make it easy for their mothers to hold them.

70. Wet nurses were women who________.

A. babysat city infants

B. fed babies of other families

C. sent their babies to the country

D. failed to look after their babies

71. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Societal Conditions in Premodern Times

B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment

C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate

D. Differences between Modem and Premodern Parents

答案

68.D 69.B 70.B 71.B

68．解析：这是一道判断题。从第一段“Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused”，可知答案是D。

69．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从第二段“Another practice that discouraged maternal attachment was tightly wrapping infants.”可知，wrapping的目的是减少母亲的接触，让母亲远离孩子一些。因此选B。

70．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从最后一段“infants were fed by wet nurses hired”可知，wet nurses是喂养别人的婴儿的女人。

71．解析：这是一道主旨题。文中讲了各种pre-modern attachment-discouraging practices的方法，因此，title应是B。

第16题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语北京卷)

A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities (个性) and food experiences. “One week later,” Loftus says, “we told those people we'd fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail (细节): “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促生的) memory through leading questions—Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they'd avoid eating it.

When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it's not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don't eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it's for the patient's benefit.

Loftus says there's nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up—parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that's a more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”

72. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?

A. To improve her computer program.

B. To find out their attitudes towards food.

C. To find out details she can make use of

D. To predict what food they'll like in the future.

73. What did Loftus find out from her research?

A. People believe what the computer tells them.

B. People can be led to believe in something false.

C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.

D. People are not always aware of their personalities.

74. According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they ________.

A. learn it is harmful for health

B. lie to themselves that they don't want it

C. are willing to let doctors control their minds

D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it

75. What is the biggest concern with the method?

A. Whether it is moral.

B. Who it is best for.

C. When it is effective.

D. How it should be used.

答案

72.C 73.B 74.D 75.A

72．解析：这是一道细节推断题。Loftus教授“asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities and food experiences”，答题的目的是详细描述摄入食物的经验。

73．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据：“it is likely that false memories can be implanted ”可知人们易于接受错误的信息并保持这一信息。

74．解析：这是一道细节题。从文中举的一个某次吃草莓冰淇淋导致不舒服就避免吃可以得到结论。

75．解析：这是一道判断题。由最后一句“you might think that’s a moral lie. Decide that for yourself ”可知。

第17题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语天津卷)

If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival (生存). Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.

Find a hiding place.

Unnecessary labor will make you sweat and make you cold. Find a hiding place around you before trying to start your own construction. If you are in a snow-covered area, you may be able to dig a cave in deep snow for protection from the wind. You should try to hide yourself in the middle of the mountain if possible. Stay out of the valleys — cold air falls, and the valley floor can be the coldest area on the mountain.

Signal rescuers for help.

The best time to signal rescuers is during the day. Signal for help from the highest point possible — it will be easier for rescuers to see you, and any sound you make will travel farther. If you take a box of matches and a space blanket (a special blanket for traveling), build three smoky fires and put your blanket — gold side facing out — on the ground.

Do not walk away.

It will make finding you more difficult, as search teams will be trying to follow your path and may miss you if you have gone off in a different direction. Searchers often end up finding a car with no one in it.

If you get frostbite (冻伤), do not rewarm the affected area until you’re out of danger.

You can walk on frostbitten feet, but once you warm the area and can feel the pain, you will not want to walk anywhere. Try to protect the frostbitten area and keep it dry until you are rescued.

36. When lost in the mountains, you can increase your chances of survival if you .

A. take a space blanket with you

B. do more physical labor

C. try to find a car immediately

D. walk as far as possible to find help

37. According to the passage, people most probably fail to survive if they .

A. do not take enough equipment

B. stay in the middle of the mountain

C. do not keep themselves warm

D. stay in a snow-covered area

38. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Don’t travel by yourself.

B. Mountain traveling is dangerous.

C. Don’t get frightened in danger.

D. Avoid going to unfamiliar places.

答案

36. A 37. C 38. C

36.解析：这是一道判断题。全文介绍了增加生存机会的方法，与选项对照A符合。B和D在第二段第一句“Unnecessary labor will make you sweat and make you cold”就可看出是不符合的。C项根本没有提到，也不符合。

37．解析：这是一道判断题。A是大多数人认为死亡的原因，而不是文中讲到的实际原因，因此不对；B是文中讲到能够生存的一种方法，因此也不对；D并不是死亡的必然原因，因此也不对。因此选C。

38．解析：这是一道主旨题。从第一段最后一句“but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear”可知，B正确。

第18题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语天津卷)

Researchers are placing robotic dogs (机器狗) in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study concerning the influence of robotic dogs on old people’s depression, physical activity, and life satisfaction. “No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated (刺激) ,” Edwards points out. “The problem is how we promote(使……成为现实)that, especially for those without friends or help. A robotic dog could be a solution.”

In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner.

“I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady.“When I’m watching TV, he’ll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own.”

The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.

“At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry,” Beck says. “But it’s amazing how quickly we have given up that belief.

“Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters’ blood pressure, oxygen levels, or heart rhythms. AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s minds.”

48. The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to ______

A. understand human-animal relationshipB. make lonely old people’s life better

C. find the causes of old people’s lonelinessD. promote the animal-assisted research

49. In the research, the old people are asked to ______

A. note the activities of AIBOs

B. keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks

C. record their feelings and activity

D. analyze the collected information

50. What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs?

A. It is easier to keep at home.

B. It can help the disabled people.

C. It responds to all the human orders.

D. It can watch TV with its owner.

51. The author seems to suggest that the future robotic dogs may ______

A. cure certain diseases

B. keep old people active

C. change people’s beliefs

D. look more like real dogs

答案

48. B 49. C 50. A 51. B

48．答案：B

解析：这是一道推断题。第一段第一句话“to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans”，因此专家研究的目的是让孤独老人生活更好，选B。

49．答案：C

解析：这是一道细节判断题。从第二段“These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO.”可知老人们需要做的是record，选C。

50．答案：A

解析：这是一道细节判断题。从第四段最后一句“A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.”可知，机器狗比狗的好处是easier to keep。

51．答案：B

解析：这是一道判断题。从本文最后一句“AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s mind.”可知，机器狗将来可以让老年人更活跃，选B。

第19题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语上海卷)

Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.

Gwent Police have abandoned colours such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell(牢房) and have used colour psychology to decorate them.

Ystrad Mynach station, which recently opened at a cost of￡5 million, has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia(幽闭恐怖症). Designers have painted the frames yellow, which researchers say is a calming colour. Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the colour is likely to encourage truthfulness.

The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a “live scan” system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest. An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened.

Designers and psychologists have worked for years on colour. Blue is said to suggest trust, efficiency, duty, logic, coolness, thinking and calm. It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness. It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter, soft colours will calm the mind and aid concentration.

Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness. Get the colour wrong and it could cause fear, depression and anxiety, but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect.

Ingrid Collins, a psychologist who specializes in the effects of colour, said that colour was an “energy force”. She said: “Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication.”

Yellow, she said, affected the mind. Red, on the other hand, should never be considered because it could increase aggression. Mrs Collins praised the designers for using colours in the cells. Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate. In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy.

69. The expression “tip the balance” in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might ____.

A. let suspects keep their balance B. help suspects to confess their crimes

C. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court

D. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours

70. Which of the following colours should NOT be used in cells according to me passage?

A. Pink. B. Yellow C. Blue. D. Red.

71. Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing?

A. Scanning equipment. B. Royal blue lines. C. Glass doors. D. Yellow frames.

72. The passage is mainly concerned with ______

A. the relationship between colours and psychology

B. a comparison of different functions of colours

C. the use of colours in cells to affect criminals’ psychology

D. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison

答案

69.B 70.D 71.A  72.C

第20题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语辽宁卷)

Unlike modern animal scientists, dinosaur scientists cannot sit on a hillside and use telescopes to watch dinosaurs in order to know how they lived and whether they were good parents. Instead, they have to search hard for information from dinosaurs’fossils(恐龙化石) because dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.

It’s very difficult for the scientists to reach an agreement because different results can be got from the same fossils, Many fossils of the same kind of dinosaurs have been dug out from one place. They might have formed when an entire group of dinosaurs got stuck(陷入)all at once, or they might have been the result of dinosaurs getting stuck one after another over a course of a few centuries. Thus we can say that dinosaurs might have in the first case lived in big groups and in the second lived alone.

Though there are two different results, dinosaur scientists now generally agree that at least some kinds of dinosaurs lived in big groups. “That’s pretty much settled at this point.” Says Paul Sereno, A kind of dinosaurs called Sauropods left behind tracks in the western United States that appear to run north and south, suggesting that they even moved long distances together.

As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young, dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaurs ― birds and crocodiles ― for possible models. Birds give a lot of care to their young, while crocodiles just help their young to the water. The discovered fossils of dinosaurs sitting on their eggs and staying with their young suggest the parents were taking care of their babies, but we still cannot say that all dinosaurs did the same.

There is still a long way to go before the above questions could be answered. Dinosaur scientists will have to find more proof to reach an agreement.

60.Dinosaur scientists can get information directly by  .

A. studying dinosaur fossils

B. examining modern animals

C. watching dinosaurs

D. using telescopes

61.What is pretty much settled according to Paul Sereno?

A. Half of the dinosaurs lived alone.B. Most dinosaurs moved long distances.

C. Many dinosaurs settled in the north.D.Some dinosaurs lived in big groups.

62.Dinosaur scientists can probably know whether dinosaurs were good parents by .

A. watching many kinds of animalsB. studying dinosaurs’living relatives

C. following the tracks left behind

D. working on dug-out dinosaur eggs

63.Which of the following the according to the paragraph?

A. Birds hardly ay attention to their young.B. Baby crocodiles can look after themselves well.

C. Some dinosaurs took care of their young.D. Birds and crocodiles take good care of their young.

答案

60.A 61.D 62.B 63.C

60．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第一段第二行“Instead, they have to search hard for information from dinosaur’s fossils because dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.”，恐龙已经灭绝了亿万年了，所以科学家只能研究化石得出结论。

61．解析：这是一道细节推断题，根据第三段“Though there are two different results, dinosaur scientists now generally agree that at least some kinds of dinosaurs lived in big group.”说明研究恐龙的科学家同意至少部分恐龙是群居的，选D.

62．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据“As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young, dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaurs-birds and crocodiles-for possible models.”可知科学家通过研究恐龙的近亲鸟和鳄鱼来推断恐龙是否照顾小恐龙。

63．解析：这是一道判断正误题。根据第四段，鸟会照顾幼体，但是鳄鱼不会。从恐龙孵蛋以及和幼体在一起的化石可以推断出部分恐龙照顾幼体，但不能得出所有恐龙都照顾幼体的结论，选C.

第21题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语江苏卷)

A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city. As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.

 In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining（混凝土衬砌）.

 Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.

72. Each of the tunnels under construction is _____.

A. eight kilometers long and twenty meters wide B. eight kilometers long and six meters wide

C. four kilometers long and twenty meters wide D. four kilometers long and six meters wide

73. Which part of the tunnel in the diagram is used to pipe out extra water?

A. 1  B. 3 C. 5  D 6

74. Driving in the tunnel, one can know the traffic conditions ahead through______.

A. the lights B. the electric signs

C. the trucks and the cars D. the emergency phones

75. The passage is mainly about _____.

A. the construction of a road

B. the design of a road

 C. the construction of two tunnels D.the design of two tunnels

答案

72.D 73.C 74.B 75.D

72．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从第一段“As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built”可知，tunnels长4公里；从“The two tunnels are about 20 metres below the surface and are 12 metres wide”可知，两个隧道宽12米，因此1个隧道宽6米。

73．解析：这是一道判断题。本题问的是“排除多余的水的管道在隧道的什么部分”。从第三段“The drainage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water.”可知排水系统正好在路表面一边的下方，对照剖面图，5符合这个位置。

74．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从第二段“There will also be electronic signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead”可知电子告示的作用是显示交通状况，因此选B。

75．解析：这是一道主旨题。文章主要讲的是两个隧道，因此首先排除A、B。文中讲到的是隧道的内部构造，因此C“两个隧道的建设”也不对。

第22题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语福建卷)

As skies are filled with millions of migrating(迁徙)birds, European scientists say the seasonal wonder appears to be strange: The fatter the bird, the better it flies. The results of their study led to a theory opposite to a central one of aerodynamics(空气动力学), which says that the power needed to fly increases with weight. For birds, obviously, the cost of flying with heavy fat is much smaller than we used to think. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5, 000 kilometers. Another study in the magazine Nature measured the advantage of flying in an aerodynamic group which allows birds to save energy by flying smoothly and quietly in the lead bird’s air stream.

 Flying in groups, their heart rates were 14.5 percent lower than flying alone, according to Henri, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance to survive. The first study suggests that building up fat to be burnt as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight. In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body weights during 28 simulated(模拟的)flights. They forced a small amount of special water into the birds’ bodies so that they could measure the amount of energy burnt during the flight.

60.A red knot wading bird of 100 grams will probably weigh_____before making its nonstop migrating flight.

A.50 grams B.100 grams C.150 grams D.200 grams61.During their migrating flight, red knot wading birds can save energy by flying_______.A.separately B.alone C.in groups D.in pairs

62.A_______red not wading bird has a better chance to survive during its migrating flight.

 A.stronger B.weaker C.thinner  D.fatter

63.The best title for this passage may probably be________.

A.Birds Thin Down For Journey B.Birds Fatten Up For Journey

C.How Birds Build Up Fat For Journey D.How Birds Burn Energy For Journey

答案

60.D 61.C 62.D63.B

60．解析：这是一道计算题。根据第三段中的Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic.可计算出在进行不停顿的迁徙飞行，一只red knot wading bird可能重200克。double their normal body weight of 100 grams表示“它们正常体重100克的两倍”，即200克。

61．解析：这是一道细节题。第四段中的Another study in the magazine Nature measured the advantage of flying in an aerodynamic group which allows birds to save energy by flying smoothly and quietly in the lead bird’s air stream.说明red knot wading birds以一群鸟一起飞行的方式进行飞行时能够节省能量。

62．解析：这是一道细节题。从第五段中的Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance to survive.可以看出，比较肥胖的red knot wading birds在迁徙飞行中更有机会存活。句子的谓语是虚拟语气，说明研究者原先认为越瘦越强壮的red knot wading birds存活的机会越大，而实际情况与此相反。

63．解析：这是一道标题选择题。这篇短文报道了对red knot wading birds迁徙飞行的研究，研究表明因为red knot wading birds在迁徙过程中消耗大量能量，所以比较肥胖的red knot wading birds越有在迁徙飞行中存活的机会，因此这篇短文的题目应是：Birds Fatten Up For Journey。

第23题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语湖南卷)

The coyote(丛林狼)that clever animal of wide-open spaces,has come to the nation’s captial.In fact ,coyotes have spread to every corner of the United States,changing their behaviors to fit new environments and causing researchers to deal with a troublesome new kind of creature:the city coyote.

The coyote originally lived in the middle of the continent.One of its most obvious characters is its smartness, which has made the animal a notorious（臭名昭著的）pest.Hunters trapped,shot and poisoned more than a million coyotes in the 1900s.It’s still one of America’s most hunted animals. Yet the coyote has survived.How has the coyote shown this extraordinary ability? “I guess if you wanted to use one word,it’d be ‘plasticity’. ”says Erie Gese,an expert at Utah State University. Coyotes can live alone, in pairs, or in large packs like wolves,hunt at night or during the day , occupy a small region or an area up to 40 square miles;and live on all sorts of food,from lizards（蜥蜴）and shoes, to ants and melons.

Unbelievably people helped coyotes increase when they killed most of the wolves in the United States. The spreading of coyotes into city areas,though.is recent.They travel at night,crossing sidewalks and bridges.running along roads and ducking into culverts （钻入涵洞）and underpassces .No one knows why coyotes are moving into cities, but experts explain that cleverer, more human-tolerant（不怕人的）coyotes are teaching urban survival skills to new generations.

Occasionally. coyotes might attack human beings. There have been about 160 attacks on people in recent years Therefore, people have been consistently told not to feed coyotes or leave pet food unsecured. That ,plus a large trapping program in the neighborhood, has cut down on the coyote population.

63.The underlined word “plasticity”in Paragraph 2 refers to____________.

A.the ability to fit the environment B.notorious smartness

C.hunting ability

D.being human-tolerant

64.The aim of the passage is to_____________.

A.tell people how to fight against coyotes

B.tell us why the coyote is the most hunted animal

C.supply the reason why the coyote is a kind of motorious pest

D.explain how the coyote has spread to and survived in cities  

65.According to the passage, coyotes__________.

A.originally lived in the west of the continent

B.sleep during the day but look for food at night

C.are teaching survival skills to their younger generations

D.suffered a population decrease because people killed wolves

66.According to the passage,to cut down on the coyote population, people are advised to_______.

A.leave pet food secured

B.keep coyotes in small regions

C.force coyotes to live alone D.avoid using trapping programs

答案

63—66：ADCA

63．解析：这是一道词义推断题。从丛林狼可以独居、群居，可以晚上捕食也可以白天捕食，地盘可大可小，食物种类多可以推断出丛林狼的适应环境能力非常强。

64．解析：这是一道主旨题。第一段描述丛林狼扩散到城市成为城市丛林狼，第二段描述丛林狼的环境适应能力使之可以在城市生存，第三、四段描述丛林狼进入城市的过程和市民的反应。整篇都是围绕丛林狼的扩散到城市以及生存的原因进行描述。

65．解析：这是一道细节判断题。从第三段最后一句“teaching urban survival skills to new generations”可知选C.选项A不对是因为丛林狼是到处都有而不是在西部。选项B错误是因为丛林狼早上晚上都可以出来捕食；选项D错误是虽然大量捕杀，但是丛林狼适应性强还是生存下来了。

66．解析：这是一个细节推断题。根据最后一段第3句：“people have been consistently told not to feed coyotes ”可以推断选A。

第24题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语湖南卷)

The discovery of a dwarfed (矮个的)”human being” who lived in Flores .Indonesia, up to 18,000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family .This “Flores Human”was three foot tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp (黑猩猩),yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives.They seem to have made tools ,worked together to find food and cook it,and perhaps even buried their dead with ceremony.

It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member .The tools are like those formerly seen only with European fossils (化石)from our own species;Homo sapiens (智人)；and the oldest of them were made 94,000 years ago .Homo sapiens is thought to have arrived in the island about 40,000 years ago ,much too late to be responsible for the tools .If this tiny human made the tools ,them the inside structure (结构)of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimp’s ,despite being just a third the size of ours.

This “new human” was suspected to be a dwarfed branch of Homo erectus (直立人).When creatures are separated in regions with rare resources but few enemies,being big is a disadvantage, and evolution tends to shrink them, a process known as island dwarfing.Could natural selection make a human smaller while keeping — even improving — mental ability ?Quite possibly, believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.

 Has the “Flores Human” even shown the ability of language? “I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools，use fire ,and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication.” Wills says .Did “Flores Human” possess the basic components of human culture — such as the burying of the dead with ceremony ? Emiliano Bruner of the Italian Institute points out that Indonesia’s hot, wet environment is bad for fossilization.It is reasonable to assume , he says ,that the 18,000-year-old bones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she was buried with special care.

67.According to the passage , “Flores Human”______.

A.lived a partly human life

B.was a branch of Homo sapiens

C.used tools before Homo sapiens arrivedD.had a brain as a common chimp’s

68.The underlined part “this tiny human”in Paragraph 2 refers to _______.

A.a chimp  . B.Flores HumanC.Homo sapiens D.Homo erectus

69.This passage mainly talks about______.

A.the tools made by “Flores Human”B.the language used by “Flores Human”

C.the evolution of “Flores Human”

D. the major surprising findings about “Flores Human”

70.According to the passage ,it is believed that “Flores Human”_______.

A.was dwarfed by its enemies

B.could use language

C.left a lot of fossils in hot and wet enviroment D.reached Flores 40,000 years ago

答案

67—70：CBDB

67．解析：这是一道细节推理题。根据第二段第一句可知最新发现在94000年前“Flores Human”已经使用工具了，比Homo sapiens（40000年前）要早。

68．解析：这是一道判断题。第二段第一句讲到一个发现工具和Flores Human有关联是令人惊讶的事情。接着讲了Homo sapiens是4万年前才到岛上，和工具无关。由此可知，制造工具的人，即this tiny human指的是Flores Human。

69．解析：这是一道主旨题。文章讲了Flores Human制造的工具，生活方式、演变、语言等，A、B、C均不全面。D说了文章主要讲关于Flores Human的主要的令人惊讶的发现。

70．解析：这是推断题。A说Flores Human被她的敌人变矮，肯定不对。C说她在湿热的环境中留下许多化石，最后一段讲到，湿热的环境不适宜保存化石，那个被完好保存的Flores女人的化石是因为在埋葬的时候坐了特殊处理。因此不是留下了很多化石，C也不对。D说她到达Flores4万年前，4万年前到达Flores是Homo sapiens，因此也不对。B说Flores Human能讲话。这是科学家根据她们能制造工具、用火和屠杀大型动物而推断出来的。

第25题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语江西卷)

Early people had very little effect on the environment. They lived in caves in very small ‘clan’groups. They collected or killed only enough for the clan’s survival. Early clans were nomadic, which means that they did not stay in one place. Instead, they moved around, following the animals that were their main food source and seeking areas where seasonal plants grew wild. Moving around seasonally helped to protect the environment. The land had time to recover and animals had time to breed (繁殖) before the clan returned for the next season.

As time went by, these small family clans joined with others to form larger groups for protection. Joining with other clans gave them more hunters and more women to help cut up the meat and share it between families. Eventually , people tamed(驯养) wild animals such as dogs and horses. People settled around rivers and fertile plains to share responsibilities and duties. Then, people began to plant crops instead of moving to areas where the plants grew. This development changed the environment.

Traditional forms of work also changed. Some people were better at performing a particular task than other clan members, so they began to specialize in things they were good at doing. This also meant that they began to exchange their goods for things that others produced.

People began to communicate with distant tribes. Land was cleared for roads. Foreign plants and animals were transported to places where they had not existed before. Specialization also gave people more free time. So art, dance and music became important ways of expressing feelings and thoughts. This was how many great civilizations started.

Compared to the past, modern civilization has experienced many changes to become the highly developed society that exists today. Populations have increased rapidly. Forests have been cleared for farms. Inventions and technology have made work easier.

However, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress. As concerned citizens, it is up to us to learn from past mistakes and to help maintain and improve our environment.

64. Early tribes didn't have much effect on animal population because __ .

A. they kept animals for themselves B. they ate only vegetables

 C. they killed only enough for food