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PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

BE Chemical

Roll No: 12CH045

Une! "he S#$e!%i&ion o':

P!o'( ) * Moho

De$a!"men" o' Chemical En+inee!in+

All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society College of Engineering, Pune-1

M!( Shai,h )-#l Rahim

.&h"iya/ H#&&ain

M!( Rah#l Saini

Roll No: 12CH04


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CONTENTS Introduction

Necessity of etroleum Products

!rigin of etroleum

!il E"loration

!verall refinery rocesses

#esalting of Crude !ilAtmosheric #istillation

$acuum #istillation

Petroleum Products

%P&

Aviation fuel

&asoline

'erosene

Conclusions

(eferences

#iesel Paraffin )a" %u*ricating oils Ashalt


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PETROLEUM+

Petroleum means roc oil

Comosed of mainly hydrocar*ons )hich occur in the gaseous or

li.uid state in geological tra

Contains small .uantities of nitrogen-, o"ygen-, and sulfur-containing comounds and trace amounts of metallic constituents

Comosition of crude oil is uni.ue, varying in different roducing

regions

.NTRODUCT.ON


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NECESS.T O PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Energy lays a vital role in the industrial and economic

develoment of any country

Petroleum is relatively chea and convenient source of

energy as comared to other fuels such as coal andelectricity

It rovides fuel for energy, industry, heating, and

transortation

/he largest share of oil roducts is used as energy source


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OR.3.N O PETROLEUM

.NOR3)N.C THEORAcetylene is the *asic material for formation of crude oil

It is formed *y reaction of alali metals and car*onates

OR3)N.C THEOR!il and gas are formed from remains of rehistoric lants and animals

/he organic material gets comressed under the )eight of the sediment

a*ove them

/he increase in ressure and temerature changed organic matter in

etroleum


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E"loration deends uon density,gravity, magnetic and electricalroerties of roc

Some of the e"loration methods are as follo)s &eological survey

o Aims to selection and maing of such areas )hich satisfy the criteria

of *eing sedimentary rocs

Magnetometero #etects magnetic intensities

Seismograho &eneration of series of shoc )aves in the su*surface and icing u

the reflected )aveso #etectors is laced to detect velocities of )aves through rocs

EPLOR)T.ON O CRUDE PETROLEUM


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O*ER)LL RE.NER PROCESS


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DES)LT.N3 O CRUDE O.L

Imurities in Crude !il-

o Salts 0 mainly chlorides, sulhates of Na, Ca, Mg,

finely disersed )ater,

Pro*lems Arising due to imurities

o Corrosion in the atmosheric distillation overhead

system caused *y Cl, )hich is li*erated due to

hydrolysis2dissociation of chlorides salts

o Erosion of crude oil ums, ielines


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Temperature:120-1300C

20000-24000 Volts



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)TMOSPHER.C D.ST.LL)T.ON


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*)CUUM D.ST.LL)T.ON


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PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

%P&

Aviation fuel

&asoline

'erosene

#iesel

Paraffin )a"

%u*ricating oil

Ashalt

3et and /ur*ine

4uels

eating !ils


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Products Boiling

Range

Compositi

on

Uses

LPG -420-00C C3-C5 Domestic andindustrial fuel

refri!eration

"#iation $uel 400-%00C C5-C% $uel for aircraft

Gasoline &00-1'00C C5-C10 "s a fuel petrol

en!ines(erosene 1'00-

2500CC10-C1& "s a fuel for li!)tin!

coo*in!transportation

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS


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Products Boiling

Range

Compositio

n

Uses

Diesel 2500-3200C

C15-C1' $uel for transportation

Para+n ,a - C2&-C30 Candles ,a paper.oot polis) tarpaulinclot)

Lu.ricatin! oils - C1'-C20 Lu.ricatin! purposes

"sp)alt - ".o#e C30 /sed for ma*in!roads rail .eds

landll

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS


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Comosed of mainly roane 5C678 and *utane 5C91:8

&as at am*ient temerature and ressure

Also no)n as fuel gas

Stored under ressure at normal atmosheric temeratures

L.UE.ED PETROLEUM 3)S

Phy&ical $!o$e!"ie&:

Colourless

!dourless

/o"ic


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)*.)T.ON UEL

Also no)n as avgas

Princial comonents include n-hetane and isooctane

Consists of araffins, olefins, nahthenes and aromatics

;lended )ith antio"idants and metal deactivators


Colour is green or *lue

!ctane no ranges from 1::-16:

/o"ic


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3)SOL.NE Commonly no)n as etrol

Car*on num*er ranges from < to1: &asoline are comle" mi"tures of hydrocar*ons having tyical

*oiling ranges from =:-17: >C

;lended )ith various comonents to romote high antinoc .uality,

ease of starting, .uic )arm-u, and lo) engine deosits


!ctane no is in the range 7?-@6

Colour is orange or red

4lash oint is -96:C


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6EROSENE

Car*on num*er ranges from 1: to 1=

Consist of araffin, nahthene, aromatics and non hydrocar*ons

Cannot *urn at li.uid state

as to *e vaoried for *urning

&reater the ercentage of aromatics, greater the tendency to

smoe


4lash oint is 6


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%i.uid at am*ient temerature and ressure

Car*on num*er ranges from 1< to 17

Consists of saturated and aromatic hydrocar*ons

Primarily includen

,iso

, and cycloaraffinsB nahthalenes andalyl*enenes


4lash oint ranges from


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P)R).N 7)

Soft solid

Consists of araffins or alanes having general formula CnnD

Car*on num*er ranges from =-6:

Phy&ical $!o$e!"ie&: hite

!dourless

/asteless

a"y solid

#ensity is @:: 'g2m6

Insolu*le in )ater


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LUBR.C)T.N3 O.LS

Fsed to minimie friction *et)een surfaces

%i.uid at am*ient temerature and ressure

Car*on no ranges from 17 to :

;oiling oint ranges from 6


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)SPH)LT

Sticy, *lac and highly viscous li.uid or semi-solid form

Consists of saturated hydrocar*ons, nahthenes, aromatics andashaltenes

No of car*on atoms is a*ove 6:

Solu*le in CS


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Precautions against fire and e"losion ee all sourcesof ignition a)ay from etroleum roducts and their

vaours

G Matches, lighters and cigarettes, etc

G Any flame or sar

G /ools )hich can cause a sar if droed, etc

#iesel 0 etrol contamination inadvertently utting

etrol into a diesel vehicle or the other )ay around can

lead to significant fire or e"losion ris for vehicle

damage to occur

S)ET 3U.DEL.NES


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/o"ic haards

Petroleum vaours can .uicly ashy"iate At lo)er concentrations,they irritate the eyes and lungs, and may cause nausea, headache

and deression

Precautions against to"ic haards

G avoid slashing, or any contact )ith the eyes or sin

G #o not )ash contaminated clothing in a )ashing machine due

to the ris of electrical sar and ignition 2 e"losion


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CONCLUS.ONS

Comosition of oil is uni.ue o*tained from different arts of

the )orld

%o)er temerature reduces desalting efficiency *ecause of

increased viscosity of oil )hile higher temerature reduce

desalting efficiency due to greater electrical conductivity of the

crude

In order to avoid cracing at higher temerature the heavier

fraction are fractionated under vacuum

Atmosheric distillation column 5A#F8 and $acuum distillation

column 5$#F8 are the rimary searation rocesses roducing

various straight run roducts eg, gasoline to lu*e oils2vacuum

gas oils 5$&!8


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REERENCES

(am Prasad, HPetroleum (efining /echnology, 'hannaPu*lication, #elhi, :1:

3ames & Seight, 'aruna ' Arjoon, H;ioremediation of

Petroleum and Petroleum Products,3ohn iley J Sons,Ne) Kor, :1

3ames &ary, &lenn E and)er, HPetroleum (efining

/echnology and Economics, Marcel #eer, e, or*:1


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/han

KouL

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