Finite Element Analysis of Hybrid Steel Welded I Section using ANSYS Software · 2020. 9. 25. · steps involved in the finite element analysis procedure: a) Pre processor (Building

Finite Element Analysis of Hybrid Steel Welded I Section using ANSYS Software

Rushikesh Khartode1*, Durva Nimbalkar2, Akash Pise2, Suyash Pote2 & Sharad Purigosavi2, Samadhan Morkhade1, Dhiraj Ahiwale1 & Kaustubh Raut1

1 Assistant Professor, 2 BE Civil Students Department of Civil Engineering, Vidya Pratishthan’s Kamalnayan

Bajaj Institute of Engineering and Technology, Baramati, Pune, 413133, India. 1*[email protected] [email protected]

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

m [email protected] [email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract: Economy, ease and speed of construction are the main factors for using Hybrid Steel as a building material. Structural Steel with normal yield strength equal to or higher than 460 MPa is generally called as Hybrid Steel. In the present study, steel of normal yield and ultimate stress of 410MPa and 250MPa is employed as material for flanges and web. The investigation is to perform Finite Element Analysis of Hybrid Steel beam using ANSYS for various stiffening conditions. The main benefit is to achieve economy and to increase the load carrying capacity of beam by providing stiffeners. The performance of such beams has been considered only for vertical static loads. The present study emphasizes on improving the performance of the Hybrid Steel Beam. ISMB300 and ISMB400 of Hybrid Steel are selected as sample testing in ANSYS. The initiative is to identify the maximum load behavior and deflection of Hybrid Steel Beams for different stiffener position. At last, a comparative study is carried out using Finite Element Method to examine that which type of beam gives best performance during loading. The numerical result indicates that the use of Hybrid Steel Beam welded I Section with or without stiffener is an economical and advantageous choice.

Keywords: Hybrid steel, horizontal and vertical stiffeners, finite element analysis, flexural behaviour, ANSYS software.

1. INTRODUCTIONThe concept of Hybrid Steel beam is used in structures to enhance their

bending as well as shear strength. Hybrid Steel girders are more economical as high strength steel is place in flanges is more efficiently utilized [3]. Structural Steel with normal yield strength equal to or higher than 460 MPa is generally called as Hybrid Steel. It gives higher bond strength. The beam are said to be Hybrid beams when the beams are made up by means of the plates of not the same strength in flanges and web. In flexural member’s flange is predominantly subjected to bending moment and web is subjected to shear

Journal of Seybold Report ISSN NO: 1533-9211

VOLUME 15 ISSUE 9 2020 Page: 3138

mailto:1*[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]







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force. Therefore, it becomes necessary to provide flanges of high strength steel and web is of lower grade steel then the flanges. The study of castellated beam with various conditions has been studied by the researchers. [4, 11-15]. So in the present study, steel of nominal yield stress of 410 MPa and 250 MPa is employed as material for flanges and web, because Hybrid Ratio should not exceed 2 [3]. Ahiwale et al. investigated the response enhancement of RC and steel frame unsymmetrical buildings using different techniques of strengthening systems [16-17].

The investigation is perform by Finite Element Analysis of Hybrid Steel Beam using ANSYS for various stiffening arrangements i.e. vertical stiffeners, horizontal stiffeners, combination of vertical and horizontal stiffener and no stiffener condition. The present study emphasizes on improving the performance of the Hybrid Steel beam. The Indian Standard Medium Weight Beam i.e. ISMB300 and ISMB400 are selected as sample testing in ANSYS. The results of these two samples are comparing for various stiffening conditions.

Finite Element Analysis Method (FEA) is a numerical method for solving problems of engineering and mathematical physics. It is useful for problems with complicated geometries, loadings, and material properties where analytical solutions cannot be obtained.

2. PARAMETRIC STUDY The Finite Element Method has been used to predict the entire response of beams to increasing values of external loadings until they lose their load carrying capacity [6]. It is a numerical analysis technique for obtaining approximate solutions to a wide variety of engineering problems [9]. ANSYS is used to analyze the static as well as dynamic behavior of beam. The basic concept behind the FEA is that a structure is divided into a finite number of elements having finite dimensions and reducing the structure having infinite degrees of freedom to finite degrees of freedom [5]. There are three basic steps involved in the finite element analysis procedure: a) Pre processor (Building the model (or) modelling). b) Solution (Applying loads and solving). c) Post Processor (Reviewing the results) [10]. A FEA model has been developed using finite element analysis package ANSYS v12. All the beams have been simulated using four noded Shell 181 elements from ANSYS element library [1]. The element is having six degrees of freedom per node. Geometric as well as material non-linearity incorporated into the finite element model. The objective of including the geometric imperfection is to get the actual results. So in nonlinear analysis, initial geometric imperfections were induced in the model prior to nonlinear buckling analysis. In this study, the initial imperfection of L/1000 is included. In Finite Element model, the steel material is modelled as perfectly elastic-plastic with elastic modulus of 2.0x105 N/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio of 3.0.



Material properties for the beam is taken as E, of 410 MPa and Tangent Modulus ET, of 8200 MPa for flange and E, of 250 MPa and Tangent Modulus, of 5000 MPa for web is used in material modelling of steel together with the Von Misses yield criterion and the kinematic hardening rule, which is suitable for steel [5]. Figure 1 shows 3D model of Hybrid beam with and without stiffener.

With stiffener Without stiffener

Figure 1. Hybrid steel beam with and without Stiffener

All the beams are modelled as simply supported beams with laterally unrestrained condition. After establishing the accuracy of the models, the entire analysis has been carried out.

1. Without Stiffener ConditionFigure 2 shows meshing and application of downward vertical load.

ISMB300 ISMB400 Figure 2. Meshing with load application

In Fig. 2 the central point load is applied to the downward direction by giving support condition and Non-Linear Static Analysis is performed. The Fig. 2 also shows the meshing of flange, web and stiffener in number of element division (Finite Element Analysis).

2. With Vertical Stiffener Condition



Meshing with load application: Figure 3 shows meshing & load application for beam having vertical stiffener

ISMB300 ISMB400

Figure 3. Meshing with load application for beam with vertical stiffening

3. With Horizontal Stiffener Condition: Meshing with load application: Figure 4 shows meshing & application of downward vertical load for beam having horizontal stiffener.

ISMB300 ISMB400

Figure 4. Meshing and load application

4. Both Vertical and Horizontal Stiffener Condition: Meshing with load application: Figure 5 shows meshing and application of downward vertical load for beam having both vertical & horizontal stiffeners.

ISMB300 ISMB400

Figure 5: Meshing and load application



3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe Fig. 6, 7 and 8 shows the comparison of graphs for various stiffening conditions. Table 1 shows the comparison of ultimate load, ultimate deflection & failure loads. From the analysis results it is found that hybrid girder is very economical over the homogeneous section. The stiffeners improve the performance of beams subjected to various loading conditions.

Figure 6 Load vs deflection graph of ISMB300 and ISMB400 without stiffener

Figure 7 Load vs deflection graph of ISMB300 and ISMB400 with vertical stiffener



Figure 8: Load vs deflection graph of ISMB300 and ISMB400 with horizontal stiffener

Figure 9: Load vs deflection graph of ISMB300 and ISMB400 with vertical and horizontal Stiffener



Table 1 Comparison of results

4. CONCLUSIONThere are several potential advantages of hybrid beam having stiffeners. By providing stiffeners, the loads carrying capacity of beam increases. And Hybrid Steel Girders yield a greater flexural capacity at a lower cost and weight compared to a homogeneous girder. The most important is the Hybrid girders are more economical as high strength steel placed in flanges is more efficiently utilized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the maximum load behavior and deflection of Hybrid Steel beam having Stiffener. From study, it is concluded that by using stiffeners, the strength of beam is

increased and also deflection is increased but at a decreasing rate. Howeveras decrease in slenderness ratio of a beam by increasing depth by 300mmto 400mm, capacity of the beam to carry load increases.

Sr. No.

Type of beams

Stiffening condition

Span (mm)

Ultimate load(kN)

Ultimate deflection

(mm)

Type of failure

1

ISMB300 Without Stiffener

1600 250 3.45 Excessive Bending

ISMB300 With Vertical Stiffener


ISMB300 With Horizontal Stiffener


ISMB300 With Vertical and Horizontal

Stiffener


2

ISMB400 Without Stiffener


ISMB400 With Vertical Stiffener


ISMB400 With Horizontal Stiffener


ISMB400 With Vertical and Horizontal

Stiffener




From result, it is seen that beam having vertical stiffener has maximum load carrying capacity and minimum deflection.

However as there is decrease in slenderness ratio (L/d) of beam by increasing depth from 300mm to 400mm , capacity of beam to carry load increases.

Also it is seen that beam with vertical stiffener has high stiffness than horizontal stiffener.

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank VPKBIET, Baramati for providing the support.

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Finite Element Analysis of Hybrid Steel Welded I Section using ANSYS Software · 2020. 9. 25. · steps involved in the finite element analysis procedure: a) Pre processor (Building