fJe ;XkoB nkdwh...fJe ;XkoB nkdwh;zs'y f;zx Xho P\;hns s/ ouBk;zs'y f;zx Xho dk iBw 2 d;zpo, 1920 ƒ ;ojzd B/V/, nkgD/ BkBe/ xo, p;h gmkDK fty/ j'fJnk. T[BQK dk gkbD^g';D BkBfenK s'A

$Page 1: fJe ;XkoB nkdwh...fJe ;XkoB nkdwh;zs'y f;zx Xho P\;hns s/ ouBk;zs'y f;zx Xho dk iBw 2 d;zpo, 1920 ƒ ;ojzd B/V/, nkgD/ BkBe/ xo, p;h gmkDK fty/ j'fJnk. T[BQK dk gkbD^g';D BkBfenK s'A$
fJe ;XkoB nkdwh;zs'y f;zx Xho

P\;hns s/ ouBk;zs'y f;zx Xho dk iBw 2 d;zpo, 1920 ƒ ;ojzdB/V/, nkgD/ BkBe/ xo, p;h gmkDK fty/ j'fJnk.T[BQK dk gkbD^g';D BkBfenK s'A E'VQh d{o, nkgD/dkde/ fgzv vvj/Vh fty/ j'fJnk.

;zs'y f;zx Xho gzikph d/ f;ow"o b/ye ;B.eftsk, Bktb, b/y, ;|oBkwk s/ ;t?̂ ihtBh brGrjo ftXk ftZu T[BQK B/ nkgDh ebw ubkJh j?.

;zs'y f;zx Xho ƒ ;kfjs nekdwh fJBkw, ;'thns d/P Bfjo{ fJBkw,e?B/vk ns/ gzikph ;kfjs nekdwh, :{He/H (bzvB) fij/ uofus fJBkwK Bkb;BwkBs ehsk frnk. nkg 1994 s'A gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh gfNnkbk d/ nkihtB|?b' oj/.

fJe ;XkoB nkdwh

gzikj toQ/ dh T[wo ftu ihT{D/ B/ e[Zs/ d/ th ;'Nh BjhA ;h wkohed/, go nZi nukBe T[; d/ jZE'A nkdwh esb j' frnk. j[D T[j v"o^G"o;h. xkpfonk s/ v?Apfonk.

ft;ky dk wjhBk ;h. eDeK tZYhnK rJhnK ;B. ewkdK ƒ s/ rzfYnKƒ gkDh d/D d/ fdB ;B. sVe/ d' iK fszB ti/ ihT{D/ B/ pbd y'bQ/ s/ jh;Ktkb/ y{j T[s/ ewkd f;zMD nk frnk. nZi T[BQK dh tkoh ;h. Bkb T[; dkS'Nk GkJh puB f;zx th nkfJnk ;h. BZe/ SZvD tk;s/.

y{j fBnkJhA ftu ;h. fgzv dh fcoBh Bkb jh. y{j s'A E'VQh d{o jh,

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEv"o^G"o LxpokfJnk,

p/u?Bv?Apfonk Le[M th

;wM BknkT[Dk

ewkdK LrzB/ d/ y/sf;zMD LgkDh d/DkBZe/ SZvD LgkDh w'VBk

9

e'Jh ;" e[ rI d/ |oe Bkb, nekbhnK dk xo ;h s/ ;Zdk f;zx nekbh i'y{j dk fjZ;/dko ;h s/ wzfBnk j'fJnk nVp th, nkgD/ xo d/ ftjV/ ftuvzroK bkr/ fgnk ;h. T[; dk efjDk fJj ;h fe nZi T[BQK dh tkoh j?. ihT{D/j'ohA y{j Bk i'VB. i/ T[j c/o th i'VBr/ sK T[j nk e/ o'e/rk.

ihT{Dk y{j i'VB bZrk. puB f;zx ejh Bkb ykb ;[nkoB bZr fgnk.E'VQkÊ'VQk d'jK ƒ jh ;Zdk f;zx dk PZe ;h fe T[j o'eD nkt/rk. go T[jd't/A u[Zg ;B.

fNeh, ;[zBh oks ;h. ;Zdk f;zx dk ezB th ;wM' y{j tZb bZrk j'fJnk;h. jh;K tkb/ y{j T[s/ id y{j i[VB dh ftVe j'Jh sK ;Zdk f;zx ikr fgnks/ wzi/ T[s'A T[m e/ T[j y{j tZb ƒ s[o fgnk. T[; dk fgzvk Bzrk ;h. f;os/ g?o th Bzr/ ;B. f;o| fuZNh eZS jh T[; B/ s/V gfjBh j'Jh ;h.

uzBûkBDh oks ;h. g{oBwkPh bzfxnK ni/ fszB fe uko fdB j'J/ ;B.ihT{D/ j'oK B/ d/fynk fe ;Zdk f;zx nk fojk j?. PZe sK ;h jh T[BQK ƒ.T[j ;ktXkB fij/ j' rJ/ s/ Bkb/ e[Mê[M ezpD bZr/. T[BQK ƒ gfjbK jh gsk;h fe nZi T[j S/V S/V/rk.

ihT{D/ j'ohA Bow ;B. ;Zdk f;zx nZyV. ;oho dk th ;Zdk f;zx Bo'nkns/ seVk ;h. bzwk eZd, y[ZbQk ftZY, gfjbtkBK tork i[Z;k. ed/, fe;/ IwkB/ftu, T[j gfjbtkB th fojk ;h. Gkt/A j[D T[j pZ[Yk ;h—;ZmK pkjmK tfoQnKdk—go Sksh j[D th u"Vh s/ v"b/ wZShnK tkb/ ;B. gZNK T[s/ SZbhnK s/fgziDhnK wIp{s ;B. fujok Gydk bkb ;h. tZv/̂ tZv/ jZE s/ g?o.

d/yD ftZu ;Zdk f;zx Poh| BIo nkT[Adk ;h. e"V iK bVkek BjhA.o/p eZS gkT[Adk s/ f;o T[s/ S'Nh fijh ghbh gZr pzBQdk jz[dk. fit/A rzqEh j[zdkj?. r[Nek th T[j gVQdk ofjzdk. fJ; eoe/ b'e T[; ƒ “GkJh ih” th efjzd/;B. go ikDB tkb/ efjzd/ ;B fe T[; ftu pj[s r[Z;k ;h s/ fBoh nZr dhBkb ;h. jwhA th ;h T[jd/ ftu. T[; ƒ nkgDh skes dk s/ d/j dk pj[swkD ;h. fiE/ th nV iKdk ;h, nkgDh fjzv g[rkT[Adk ;h. Gkt/A nkgDh}bsh j[zdh.

j[D sK c/o th xZN ;h, i[nkBh gfjo/ pj[s ;h. id'A ukj/, fi; dk woIh,y{j S[vtk fdzdk ;h. i[V/ pbd y[bQtk fdzdk. fe;/ dh skes BjhA ;h fe T[;d/ ;kjwD/ j[s eo ikt/. ;ko/ T[; s'A vod/ ;B.

fezBh tkoh ihT{D/ dk jh T[; B/ y{j S[vtkfJnk ;h s/ i[V/ pbd y[bQkJ/

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEnVp LfIZdhi'VB LubkT[Dykb Ly/s ’u

pDkJh gkDhdh Bkbh

ftVe LnktkIfgzvk L;ohoS/V S/V/rk LPokos

eo/rknZyV LwB woIh

eoB tkbkBo'nk LskestoftZY L;oho dk

c?bknpkjmK L62 dk

nKeVke"V Le"V/ (nVp)

;[Gkt tkbko/p LGhVhnZr dh Bkb Lpj[s s/Id/j L;ohofjzv LfIZdgfjo/ L;w/Aj[s Lp'b ikt/

10

;B. ihT{Dk vo e/ u[Zg eo iKdk. e'Jhth p'bdk BjhA ;h. ;Zdk f;zx dk fJe soQKBkb SZgk p?fmnk j'fJnk ;h.

;Zdk f;zx ƒ nkT[Adk d/y puB f;zxth ykb SZv e/ y{j T[s/ nkfrnk ;h. ejh T[; d/ e'b ;h. d't/A thT[j ;Zdk f;zx d/ ;kjwD/ ;wM'j/u ;B.

;Zdk f;zx s[odk^s[odk y{j d/ B/V/ nkfrnk s/ nkT[Adk jh T[j nkyD bZrk L“y{j Bk ubkfJU pJh `” T[; dk p'b vKNtK s/ sVQh Bkb Gfonk j'fJnk ;h.

“feT[A Bk ubkJhJ/ y{j HHH<” ihT{D/ j'ohA nkyD bZr/. vo ns/ xpokjNBkb T[j XZe^XZe eo oj/ ;B.

“p;, w?A E'ƒ efj ’sk. y{j Bk ubkfJU nZi. nZi ;kvh tkoh n?.”“E'vh pkoh feE/ j? ` nZi ;kvh pkoh n? `”“p;, w?A E'ƒ efj ’sk. y{j Bk ubkfJU.”“nk frnk fJj BkY{ yK HHH” ihT{D/ j'ohA p[Vp[VkJ/.pbd i[V/ yVQ/ ;B. sd/ pbd jZeD bJh ihT{D/ B/ fNuekoh wkoh.;Zdk f;zx T[;/ ;w/A pbdK nZr/ nk frnk s/ Sksh skD yb' frnk L “ubkU

fet/A ubkT[B/ UA `” T[; B/ okj o'e fbnk.;Zdk f;zx, nkokw Bkb, YkeK T[s/ jZE oZyhA, pbdK nZr/ yVQk ;h. T[;

dk g/N tfXnk s/ r'v/ sD/ j'J/ ;B i' o/p eZS dhnK w{johnK EZb/ T[; ƒu[Zeh yVQ/ ;B. f;o E'VQk rzik ;h i' uzBûkBDh oks ftu uweK wko fojk;h. g?oK EZb/ SK ;h, go fJj SK ;Zdk f;zx ƒ BIo BjhA nk ojh ;h, feT[AfeSksh sDh s/ X"D T[~Goh j'Jh ;h. ekbh^fuZNh oks ftu T[j fJT[A BIo nkfojk ;h fit/A d?As yb'sk j't/.

ihT{D/ j'ohA nkyD bZr/ L“GkJh ih, sz{ ufbnk ik, y{j Bk ;kvk vZe sz{, n;hA bVkJh BQhA eoBk

ukjz[d/.” vo ns/ ewI'oh Bkb T[j T[~uh p'b oj/ ;B.“p"bd y'bQ' p"bd nkgD/. w?A BQhA ikDdk pj[shnK rZbK.”“fejVk ybQkT{ p"bd ;kv/ HHH.”

n"y/ PpdK d/ noESZgk LdfjPsj/u Ls[SsVQh Lo'jpE'vh Ls[jkvhBkY{ Lu"XohjZeD Ls'oBfNuekoh Lpbd s'oB

bJhntkI eZYDh

Sksh skD L;hBk skDYkeK Lewow{johnK Lgj[zu/vZe Lo'ep"bd Lpbd

11

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEfGVk LNeokndpekJ/ LvokJ/nV yb'D LfNe ;eDs[odk LubdkybQko Lo'ej?AeV Lx[wzv;kT{ LPoh|nZr pr{bk Lr[Z;/ ’u

nkT[Dkuzvkb Lr[Z;/ ftZu

y|k j'Dkx[w/NDh LuZeocKe^cKe LN[eV/̂ N[eV/J/eD LfJ; soQKbZE^gZE Lbj{ Bkb

fbpV ikDksshohnK LXkoK, fBPkBSkJhA^wkJhA LrkfJpX"b LXZe/XZc/ LXZe/j/o^c/o Lu[;s^

ubkehnKtkjDk LubkT[Dkr'vh Lozp/ iK

y[ogh nkfdBkb |;bftu'A eZynkfd eZYD/

MZyV^MKik Lw[;hpsK

“w?A ybQkT{A w?A—ihjB/ nZr/ ybQkJ/ B/.”;Zdk f;zx ;'Nh se th b? e/ BjhA nkfJnk ;h. Bk jh T[; ƒ b'V ;h.

ihT{D/ j'oK d'jK ƒ T[j ;wMdk jh eh ;h < ykXh ghsh o'Nh. i/ T[j ukj[zdk,d'jK ƒ jh f;o fGVk e/ wko fdzdk. nZr/ T[jB/ fezBh tkoh T[j dpekJ/ j'J/;B. T[BQK dh skes eh ;h fe T[; d/ ;kjwD/ nV yb'D < T[; ƒ nkgDhskes T[s/ g{ok^g{ok Go';k ;h.

ihT{D/ j'ohA ;Zdk f;zx d/ d[yh ehs/ gJ/ ;B. o'I szr eodk s/ s[odkezw ybQko fdzdk. oZp jh pfDnk j'fJnk ;h. ;Zdk f;zx B/ j?AeV Bkb p'bjh wz{j'A eZfYnk ;h fe bZy ;kT{nK dk ;kT{ ihT{Dk nZr pr{bk j' frnk s/vo dh nzBQh Pesh Bkb ekbk efjo pD frnk. T[; B/ ejh u[Zeh s/ fpibhtorh skes Bkb ;Zdk f;zx d/ f;o ftu wkoh. “y{j S[vkT{ ;kvk fJj ` p"bdy'bQ' p"bd `” T[j dzd eohu fojk ;h s/ bZyKêo'VK ;ZgK fizBh Ifjo BkbGo frnk ;h. j[D T[j fJe uzvkb ;h. T[; dhnK nZyK bN^bNk e/ ekbhnZr pD rJhnK ;B.

ejh tZiD ;ko jh ;Zdk f;zx xw/NDh yk e/ Xosh T[s/ fvr fgnk. gkDhth T[; wzfrnk BjhA. T[; dk f;o \op{I/ tKrz{ cKe^cKe j' frnk ;h. ejhJ/eD tZih ;h fit/A fe T[j f;o ftu BjhA, fwZNh d/ GKv/ ftu tZih j't/ `fuZeV tKrz{ T[; dk fujok bZE^gZE j' frnk ;h. bj{ dhnK sshohnK T[;dh fuZNh eZS se gj[zu rJhnK.

fJe gb bJh ihT{D/ ƒ nzsK dh s;Zbh j'Jh. T[; dk wB y[P ;h. gonrb/ gb jh fJj s;Zbh SkJhA^wkJhA j'D bZrh. T[; ƒ nk; jh BjhA ;hfe T[; s'A fJj j' ikt/rk. T[; B/ ejh ;Zdk f;zx ƒ wkoB bJh BjhA wkoh;h, ;fji^;[Gk jh wkoh ;h. X"b tKr iK XZ|/ tKr. go T[j J/eD tZih fe;Zdk f;zx wo frnk s/ Xosh T[s/ fvr fgnk. j[D T[j wfonk fgnk ;h.T[; d/ jZE'A esb j'fJnk `

ihT{Dk fJe f;ZXk^;kdk ns/ ;kXkoB iZN ;h. j/o^c/o iK br^brkU T[;ƒ BjhA nkT[Ad/ ;B. whAj dh ;[Zuh eDh tKr, fijVh ni/ nzpo d/ ftuekojh yVQh j[zdh j?, T[; dk fdb gftZso ;h. T[; ƒ fJj' gsk ;h fe nzB g?dkeoB bJh jb fet/A tkjDk iK r'vh fet/A eoBh j?. |;b T[~rh d/y e/ T[j\[P j'D tkbk s/ MZyV^MKik d/y e/ T[j d[yh j'D tkbk ;h. i/ e'Jh d[y iK;[y j[zdk sK tkfjr[o{ ƒ :kd eodk.

12

MrV/ ns/ bVkJh^|;kd T[; ƒ p[o/ bZrd/ ;B. fiE'A se j[zdk, T[j fJBQKrZbK s'A d{o ofjzdk. feT[Afe T[; ƒ gsk ;h fe MrVk p[ok j[zdk j?. bVkJhdk wz{j ekbk j?. fiE/ bVkJh jz[dh j?, xV/ gkDh BjhA ofjzdk.

fiE/ ihT{Dk bVkJh s'A iK j'o rZbK s'A vodk ;h, T[E/ T[; ƒ g[fb; s'Ath pj[s vo bZrdk ;h. T[; B/ ;[fDnk j'fJnk ;h fe g[fb; p[oh j[zdhj?. ;Zu/ ns/ M{m/ ƒ th g[fb; BjhA d/ydh. g[fb; bJh ;Zuk ns/ M{mk fJe^pokpo j?.

c/o, T[; ƒ gsk ;h, g[fb; id'A e[ZNdh j? sK wZeh tKrz{ e[ZNdh j?. wko^wko e/ nkdwh d/ jZv GzBQ/ iKd/ s/ c{; T[vkJ/ iKd/ jB. wzi/ j/mK jZE d/ e/T[s/ pzd/ p?md/ s/ T[; ƒ d[Zy fdzd/ jB. ed/ wzik bkT[Ad/ s/ ed/ T[; d/e/; pzBQ e/ SZs Bkb Nzr fdzd/ jB. g?oK dhnK sbhnK ftu p?As wko/ iKd/s/ Bj[znK ftu ;{JhnK iK fgzB u'G/ iKd/ jB. pZeok th e;kJh e'b J/Bk d[yhBjhA j[zdk, fizBk pzdk g[fb; e'b.

y{j s'A E'VQh d{o jh fJe eDe dk ybtkVk ;h. ihT{Dk T[E'A d"fVnk s/eDe d/ ybtkV/ ftu GkoK T[jb/ b[e frnk. fJE/ T[j wfj|{i ;h. e'Jh BjhA;h d/ydk `

go, ihT{Dk nrb/ gb jh EZb^gEZb j' frnk. T[; ƒ u?B BjhA ;h. T[;ƒ nkgD/ ukoû[c/o/ g[fb; jh g[fb; fdZ;D bZrh. g[fb; id'A nkT[Adh j? sKgZsk^gZsk SkDdh s/ yz{ik^yz{ik N'Ajdh j?. pzdk Gkt/A fes/ j't/, g[fb; Gkb b?Adhj?. ihT{Dk T[E'A T[fmnk s/ c/o pkjo nk frnk. ybtkV/ ftu b[fenk T[j ;Gƒ BIo nkT[Adk ;h.

T[E'A E'VQh d{o jh PjhdK tkbk y{j ;h. ihT{Dk T[E'A s[fonk s/ tZYK ftu'Ad"Vdk PjhdK tkb/ nk frnk.PjhdK tkb/ y{j T[s/ fJe u[ZxhpDh j'Jh ;h. u[Zxh ekch vz{xh;h. nkw eoe/ u[Zxh ftu gkDhiwQK ofjzdk ;h. go nZi T[j\kbh ;h. E'VQk^pj[s fuZeV iKfJZNK tZN/ j'Dr/. ihT{Dk J/Bkxkpfonk s/ J/Bk vfonk j'fJnk;h fe nkgDk nkg b[ekT[D

n"y/ PpdK d/ noExV/ gkDhBjhA ofjzdk Le[M BjhA

pudkc{; T[vkJ/ Lxkj

fyzfvnke/; Lf;o d/ tkbu'G/ Lu[GkJ/ybtkVk LT[j EK

fiE/ dkD/fJeZm/ ehs/iKd/ jB

wfjc{i L;[oZfyns,mhe^mke

gZsk^gZskSkDdh Ljo EK

bZGDkyz{ik^yz{ik Ljo EKtZYK LeZNh j'Jh

|;b tkb/y/s

u[Zxh Lj"dh, u[pZuk

13

bJh T[j u[Zxh ftu jh pfj frnk s/ u[Zxh ftu jh g{oh soQK wfj|{I ;wMDbZr fgnk. jkbKfe fJj }bs ;h. u[Zxh ftu p?mk pzdk ;kc BIo nkT[Adk;h. nkdwh d/ BjkT[D bJh jh u[Zxh pDh j'Jh ;h. pj[sh vz{xh BjhA ;h.

go, ihT{Dk u[Zxh ftu th EZb^gEZb j'D bZrk. fJj th mhe BjhA ;h.fJE/ th T[j b[fenk j'fJnk iK wfjc{I BjhA ;h, ;G ƒ BIo nkT[Adk ;h.y{j d/ fpoS^p{N/ T[; ƒ ofjôfj e/ x{o oj/ ;B s/ T[; ƒ fxoDk eod/;B. y{j th, Gkt/A u[Zg ;h, go ;koh rZb s'A tkfe| ;h. fNzvK th s/ gkVSkth ;koh rZb s'A ikDz{ ;B. u[Zgû[ghsh fNeh oks th ;koh rZb dh G/sD ;h.nzpo T[s/ sko/ th, i' NZ;^NZ; eo oj/ ;B, ;kok e[M jh ikDd/ s/ ;r'Aw[;eokT[Ad/ ;B. uzB ƒ ;kok gsk ;h.

nk\o ihT{Dk u[Zxh ftu th PKs j' e/ pfj Bk ;fenk. MZN jh pkjonk frnk. j[D ihT{Dk feE/ ikt/ < T[; ƒ gsk BjhA ;h.

fizBk fuo oks ;h, ihT{Dk ;wM fojk ;h, jo e'Jh T[; ƒ d/ydk s/ T[;dk fgZSk eodk j?. id'A ;t/o j'Jh s/ gZpK Gko T[~uk j' e/ ;{oi T[; tZbd/yD bZrk, ihT{Dk ;'uD bZrk fe j[D T[j b[fenk j'fJnk j?. d[Bhnk ftue'Jh th j[D T[; ƒ BjhA d/ydk. ihT{Dk xo nkfJnk s/ nk e/ J/eD pfjfrnk fit/A |;b f;zi e/ iK r'vh eoe/ nkfJnk j't/. j[D T[j fpbe[b mhe;h. T[; d/ nzdo g{oh^g{oh u?B BIo nk ojh ;h.

go fJj u?B, n;b ftu, p/u?BhnK dh f;\o ;h. T[; d/ wB dhnKsfjnK ftu s{|kB nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. f;o| ;sfj u[Zg ;h. T[; B/ gZrT[skoh s/ ezxk eoBk P[o{ ehsk. c/o gZr T[skoh s/ c/o e/; tkj[D bZrk.tko^tko ihT{Dk gZr T[skodk s/ e/; tkj[zdk. T[; d/ wB ftu nZuth iK nrBhbZrh j'Jh ;h. bkNK GVe ojhnK ;B. fezBh tko ihT{D/ B/ w[V^w[VnkgD/ e/; tkj/. T[; ƒ N/e BjhA ;h. gko/ tKrz{ T[; dk wB nPKs iKftnke[b ;h.

ihT{Dk o'Nh ykD bZrk. g?oK Gko p?mk T[j J/eD o'Nh yKdk ;h fit/A j[DT[j fJE/ BjhA, j'o jh d[Bhnk ftu ;h. pNo^pNo sZedk T[j nkgD/ wz{jftu nZb^gNZb p[oehnK gk fojk ;h. T[; dhnK nZyK nKfvnK tKrz{ rbh tZbfbPe ojhnK ;B.

ihT{D/ nzdo ;Zu s/ M{m x'o :[ZX eo oj/ ;B. ;Zu T[; ƒ nkgD/ tZbs/ M{m nkgD/ tZb fyZudk. ihT{Dk d[fpXk ftu ;h. ;r'A T[; B/ ;Zu s'A nkgDk

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEEZb^gEZb Lpd^jtk;fxoDk LB|ostkfe| LikD{fNzvK Ly{j ’u'A

gkDh eZYDtkb/ vZp/,posB

gkVSk Lfi; ftufNzvK dkgkDhfvrdk j?

G/sD LikD{NZ;^NZ; Luwe oj/gZpK GkoT[~uk LfJE/ fdB

uVQB dkGkt

f;zi e/ LgkDh d/ e/u?B LPKshsfjnK LX[o nzdo;sfj LT[go'AnZuth Lp/u?BhN/e Lnkokw, u?Bftnke[b Lp/u?BnZb^gNZb Lp/soshpx'o :[ZX LfGnkBe

bVkJhd[fpXk Ld[fuZsh

14

wz{j G[nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. ;Zu p/PZe uzrk s/ UVe fiZsD tkbk ;h, go T[;ƒ M{m uzrk s/ bkj/tzdk fd;dk ;h. fezB/ b'ehA M{m p'b e/ ;k| poh j' iKd/jB. ;Zu/ wko/ iKd/ s/ M{m/ SZv/ iKd/ jB. T[; ƒ ;k| gsk ;h fe T[; B/esb ehsk j?l T[; dk fdb efjzdk ;h fe T[; B/ esb ehsk j?l go T[jfJ; ;ZukJh e'b'A d{o BZ;Dk ukjz[dk s/ M{mk j[zdk j'fJnk th T[j ;Zuk j'Dk ukjz[dk;h. T[; ƒ M{m uzrk s/ ;Zu p[ok bZrdk ;h. ;Zu T[; tZb wz{j nZv e/ MZcDƒ nk fojk ;h. M{m PoB fdzdk ;h. ihT{Dk nkgDh fet/A Bk fet/A ikB pukT[Dhukj[zdk ;h.

go, d[yKs fJj ;h fe ihT{Dk uzrk pzdk ;h. M{m Bkb T[j pj[sk fuor[Ikok BjhA eo ;edk ;h. ;{bh T[s/ Nzfrnk th T[j J/Bk d[Zy wfj;{; Bkeodk, fizBk T[; ƒ j[D ;h. T[; dk fdb c'V/ tKrz{ NZ;^NZ; eo fojk ;h.

nk\o c'Vk c[ZfNnk s/ T[; ƒ e[M nkokw nkfJnk. Nh;h T[s/ gj[zue/ id ghVK f;yoK S[jD bZrhnK, ihT{D/ dk wz{j Gzftnk s/ ;Zu d/ gk;/ j'frnk. ihT{Dk p[Vp[VkT[D bZfrnk L “w?A wkfon?, w?A wkfon?, w[Zeodk BjhA,w?A wkfon? `” tko^tko T[j nkg^w[jkok fJj' nkydk iKdk ;h. T[; d/ fdbƒ jbeh^jbeh mzY wfj;{; j' ojh ;h.

nkf\o g[fb; nkJh s/ T[; ƒ cV e/ b? rJh. jZEeVhnK ftu pZMkid g[fb; nZr/ s[odk ihT{Dk EkD/ tZb ik fojk ;h, sd th fJj efjfojk ;h L

“w?A wkfon?, w??A wkfon?, w[Zeodk BQhA, w?A wkfon? `”T[; dhnK nZyK j"bh^j"bh uwedko j' ojhnK ;B.

fN~gDhfJ; ejkDh ftZu ihT{Dk fJZe ;kXkoB nkdwh ;h. T[; dh T[wo gzikj

;kb ;h. gzikj ;kb dh T[wo se T[; B/ ed/ e[Zs/ d/ th ;'Nh BjhA ;h wkoh.go nukBe T[; d/ jZE'A nkdwh dk esb j' frnk. ft;ky dk wjhBk ;h.eDeK dh eNkJh j' u[Zeh ;h. ewkdK s/ rzfYnK ƒ gkDh d/D d/ fdB ;B.ihT{D/ ns/ nekbh ;Zdk f;zx dk y{j ;KMk ;h. ihT{Dk ns/ T[; dk Gok puBf;zx y{j i'VB bZrk sK y{j dk fjZ;/dko ;Zdk f;zx T[BQK ƒ o'eD bJh nkfrnk. ukBDh oks ;h. ;Zdk f;zx Bzr/ fgzv/ jh wzi/ s'A T[~m e/ y{j tZb nkfrnk ;h. ;Zdk f;zx dk gfjbtkBK tork ;oho ;h. ihT{D/ d/ pbd i[V/ yVQ/

15

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEG[nkfJnk Lc/fonkUVe Lnkfyoekobkj/tzdk LckfJd/tkbkpoh LS[ZN ikDkMZcD Le[M efjD,

ykD ƒ g?Dkc'V/ tKrz{ Lu[ZGthA ghV

tKrGzftnk Lx[zfwnk,

w[fVnknkg^w[jkok LnkgD/ nkgw[Zeodk LfJBekopZMk LiefVnk

j'fJnk

;B. ;Zdk f;zx pbdK nZr/ yVQk j' frnk ;h. ihT{Dk efj fojk ;h fe y{jubkT[D dh nZi w/oh tkoh j?. go ;Zdk f;zx efj fojk ;h fe nZi T[; dhtkoh j?. d'jK fXoK ftZu MrVk tXdk ik fojk ;h. T[j fJe d{i/ ƒ XZe/ wkoB/P[o{ j' rJ/ ;B. ;Zdk f;zx gfjbK th eJh tko ihT{D/ j'oK ƒ szr eo u[Zek;h. r[Z;k uzvkb jz[dk j?. ihT{D/ e'b ejh ;h fi; Bkb T[; B/ ;Zdk f;zx s/tko eo fdZsk. ejh f;o ftZu tZih s/ ;Zdk f;zx bj{ Bkb bZE^gZE j' e/ Xosh’s/ fvZr fgnk s/ wo frnk. ihT{D/ d/ jZE'A esb j' frnk ;h. ihT{Dk gfjbKfJZe ;kXkoB nkdwh ;h i' bVkJh ns/ g[fb; s'A pj[s vodk ;h. j[D T[;ƒ M{m uzrk s/ ;Zu p[ok bZrdk ;h. ihT{Dk fJZe uzrk pzdk ;h. ihT{D/ s'A ;ZuS[gkfJnk Bk frnk s/ ;Zu d/ gk;/ j' frnk, “w?A wkfon?, w?A wkfon?, w[ZeodkBjhA, w?A wkfon? `” fJ; ejkDh ftZu fJZe ;kXkoB ftnesh e'b'A esb j' ikDT[gozs ;Zu s/ M{m ftueko ePweP dh wkBf;esk ƒ fusfonk frnk j?.

nfGnk;1H d~;' yK Gbk L

(i) ihT{Dk gfjbK fej' fijk nkdwh ;h <(ii) fBnkJhA tkb/ y{j d/ fjZ;/dko e"D e"D ;B <(iii) ihT{D/ d/ Gok dk eh BK ;h <(iv) ;Zdk f;zx dh w"s fe; y/sh d/ ;zd Bkb j'Jh <(v) ihT{D/ ƒ g[fb; feT[A cV e/ b? rJh ;h <

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/TH gkm s'A n~r/ L

(i) gb Go dk r[Z;k fIzdrh ƒ popkd eo ;edk j?. fJ; s'A puDbJh eh e[M ehsk ik ;edk j? < ftuko g/P eo'.

(ii) eh s[jkƒ ed/ r[Z;k nkfJnk j? < T[; r[Z;/ ekoB s[jkvk iK fe;/j'o dk e'Jh B[e;kB th j'fJnk j? < nfijh jkbs ƒ nkgD/ PpdKftZu fby'.

(iii) y/sK ftZu j[D y{j BjhA oj/. fJBQK dh EK f;zikJh d/ j'o ;kXBgqXkB j' rJ/ jB. fJZe ukoN okjhA f;zikJh d/ ;kXBK dh ftek;:ksok do;kT[.

16

(iv) fe;kB d/ ihtB pko/ s[;hA eh ikDd/ j' < T[; tZb'A ehs/ ikD tkb/ezwK ns/ ;zdK d/ fuZsoK Bkb t/otk g/P eod/ j'J/ fJZe gq'i?eNfsnko eo'.

(v) eh s[;hA ed/ M{m p'fbnk j? < fJ; Bkb Pofwzdrh dk ;kjwDkeoBk fgnk j't/rk. gSskt/ Gfonk fJZe b/y fby'.

nH j/m fby/ PpdK ƒ P[~X eoe/ fby' L

(i) e/jVk HHH

(ii) eBe HHH

(iii) n'jbk HHH

(iv) g?bQtkB HHH

(v) ;ktdkB HHH

(vi) ;?ji HHH

(vii) ftnkeb HHH

(viii) Mrvk HHH

(ix) eZvDk HHH

(x) wzxDk HHH

JH j/m fbfynK ft~u'A ftP/PD u[D' L

(i) ihT{Dk fJZe ;kXkoB ftnesh ;h.

(ii) ;Zdk f;zx nZyV ;[Gkn dk wkbe ;h.

(iii) T[; dhnK nZyK bN bNke/ ekbh nZr pD rJhnK ;B.

(iv) esb eoB wro'A ihT{Dk pj[s fInkdk fuzsk eoB bZr fgnk.

(v) T[E'A E'VQh d{o jh PjhdK tkbk y{j ;h.

;H j/m fby/ tkeK ft~u tos/ rJ/ gVBktK dhnK fe;wK d~;' L

(i) fe;/ IwkB/ ftZu T[j gfjbtkB fojk ;h.

(ii) w?A d/yz{rk fe w/o/ pbd e"D y[bQkT[rk <

(iii) ejh bZrD ;ko jh T[j xw/NDh yk e/ IwhB T[~s/ fvZr fgnk.

(iv) ;Zdk f;zx B/ fejk p; s[jkƒ efjsk nZi y{j Bk ubkfJU.

(v) nk\o c'Vk c[ZfNnk s/ T[; ƒ e[M nkokw nkfJnk.

17

jH beho/ PpdK d/ ekoeK dh gSkD eo' L

(i) ihT{Dk y{j ubkT[Adk j?.(ii) ihT{D/ B/ ;Zdk f;zx ƒ ejh Bkb wkfonk.(iii) ihT{Dk g[fb; s'A puD bJh b[e frnk.(iv) ;Zdk f;zx B/ fejk nZi w/oh tkoh j?.(v) ihT{Dk b[eD bJh u[Zxh ftu p?m frnk.

eH j/m fby/ w[jktfonK d/ noE d~; e/ tke pDkT[ L

nZr dh Bkb, bZE gZE j'Dk, nZr pr{bk j'Dk, gZsk^gZsk SkBDk

18

gqd/; Bk sz{ s'ohA pkpbkpzs f;zx u~mk

P\;hns s/ ouBkpzs f;zx uZmk dk iBw 4 wJh, 1947 ƒ fgzv G[Zu'AebK, fIbQk pfmzvk, gzikp fty/ fgsk dbhg f;zxd/ xo wksk r[od/t e"o dh eZ[y'A j'fJnk. T[j fJZegqf;ZX rbgeko jB. T[BQK d/ ejkDh^;zrqfj jB—‘r[bkp d/ c[Zb’, ‘sz{ M{m p'fbnk ;h’, ‘Pfjo Bkikj’, ‘d[gfjo/ Yfbnk ;{[oi’ ns/ ‘rzXb/ gkDh’.T[BQK B/ Bktb th fby/ jB, fit/A—‘Bdh tfjzdhojh’, ‘jB/oh oks d/ sko/’ s/ ‘fszB e[VhnK’. ‘;[ji ;t/ok’ T[BQK dh ;t?̂ ihtBhj?. uZmk B/ b/yK dh f;oiBk th ehsh j?. ‘XhnK fpBK BjhA shnK’ T[BQK dhtkose g[;se j?. fJ; ouBk^gqfefonk dh pd"bs T[BQK ƒ pj[s ;ko/wkD^;BwkB fwb u[Ze/ jB.

gqd/; Bk sz{ s'ohA pkpbk

w?A th T[BQK wkfgnK torh ;'u dk XkoBh ;h i' nkgD/ w[zv/̂ e[VhnK ƒgqd/; s'o e/ nkgD/ gfotko ƒ nkofEe s"o s/ y[Pjkb t/yDk ukj[zd/ jB.w/oh Xh okDh B/ n?~wHJ/H eoe/ phHn?~vH th eo bJh ;h. nkgD/ d/P ftZuXhnK dh p/o[Irkoh ƒ t/y e/ w/oh gsBh B/ w?ƒ ;bkj fdZsh fe^“nkgK thokDh bJh e'Jh ftd/P frnk w[zvk bZG e/ fJ; ƒ ijkI ;Zs^;w[zdo'A gko jhuVQk d/JhJ/. nkj nkgK o'I jh \poK gVQd/ ;[Dd/ jK fe Y/o ;koh iwksKgVQhnK e[VhnK nkgDh jh o'Nhô'Ih bJh p/o[Irko j'JhnK fcodhn?. id'AT[j ;w/A dhnK ;oekoK s'A B"eohnK wzrdhnK sK T[BQK ƒ g[fb; tZb'A vKrK

19

Bkb e[ZfNnk iKd?. u"eK ftZu XoB/̂ w[IQko/ eodhnK dhnK r[ZsK gZNhnK iKdhn?A.bZsK^pkjK s'A cVQe/ xVhf;nk iKd?. eJh tkoh p/o[Irko e[VhnK dk ’eZm gkDhtkbhnK N?AehnK s/ uVQ e/ nksw^jZfsnktK eoB bJh wIp{o j' iKd?. nkgD/nkg ƒ nZrK ftZu th ;kV b?Adhn?A. w?A sK E'ƒ n?; vo'A efjzBh fe n?Bh gVQkfbyk e/ fes/ e[Vh s'A jZE Bk X' bJhJ/.”

fJZSk sK Gkt/A w/oh gfjbK th ;h. j[D nkj gsBh dh vokT[Dh fijh rZb;[D e/ w/ok th gZek wB pD frnk ;h. w?A ;'funk fe n?Bh ;'jDh s/ gVQh,fbyh w/oh Xh ƒ ftd/P b? e/ ikD s'A Gbk e'Jh fet/A BKj eo{. w/oh Xh s/dkI ƒ t/y e/ nrb/ feT[A SZvDr/ fJj foPsk.

;' fJ; ftuko ƒ b? e/ w?A ns/ gsBh B/ gZek fJokdk pDk fbnk ;h fee[Vh gqd/; G/i e/ jh ;kvh fJ; ;wki ftu PkB^P"es pD/rh. j[D id'A the'Jh w[zvk eB/vk, nwohek iK fe;/ j'o d/; s'A nkT[Adk sK n;hA g?o i[Zsh BkgkT[Ad/. nzrbh^;zrbh T[BQK Bkb eZY e/ nrb/ d/ nZr/̂ fgZS/ fcod/. j[D ;kvhfJZSk bkbu ftu th pdb rJh ;h fe nkgDh bVeh dk ftnkj gqd/; rJ/bVe/ Bkb eo d/Dk. sK e[Vh d/ ftnkj fgZS'A n;hA ;kok NZpo jh ftd/PKftu ;?~N j' iktKr/. w?A ns/ w/o/ w[zv/ T[E/ pkjo ikD dh y[Ph ftu ;ko/ NZpodh oksK dh BhAd T[~v rJh ;h. j[D ;kƒ ;kvh okDh Xh e'oz{ dk \IkBk bZrojh ;h. j[D sK T[E/ ik e/ p;^gzvK pzBD dh ekjb jh sK ;h.

j[D w?A T[BQK b'eK dh Gkb eoe/ fwZso pBkT[D dh e'fPP eodk fiBQK d/g[Zs iK foPs/ ftZu'A gqd/; rJ/ j'J/ ;B. T[BQK dh ukgb{;h eodk. Iwho wkoe/ th w?A T[BQK d/ bJh ‘nDukj/’ ezw eodk. w?ƒ c/o Pow th ekdh ;h id'Aw/oh ;zr jh bfj rJh ;h. w?A j[D T[BQK b'eK iK nKY^r[nKY dh skfpnkdkohth eodk fiBQK dh w?A ed/ fgZm sK eh wz{j th BjhA t/fynk ;h.

;kv/ gfotko ftZu fBZs dhnK fenk;ôkJhnK eoe/ fdwkr ftZu fJjh‘ehVk’ y'v gk fojk ;h. ed'A ;kvh okDh ijkI uVQ/. fco n;hA th fdBKs/ wjhfBnK ftZu ekrs^gZuo pDk e/ T[Xo ekoK ’s/ M{N/ b?Ad/ n?; ‘;[yh’ ihtBs'A S[Nekok gk btKr/. go okDh Xh Bkb n;hA ed/ e'Jh rZb ;KMh Bkeod/. gsk BjhA ;kƒ T[; s'A feT[A e'Jh ‘G?n’ fijk brdk.

fJe fdB nDh^gNZe/ eB/vk ftZu'A ftnkj eotkT[D bJh w[zvk gzikpnkfJnk. GZi^BZm eoe/ f;|koPK Bkb n;hA T[BQK sZe gj[zu ehsh. w?A fe;/fwZso ƒ b? e/ T[BQK d/ doQK ’s/ gj[zfunk sK T[; ekek ih ƒ t/ye/ w/ok wB

n"y/ PpdK d/ noExVhf;nk Lx;hfNnkE'ƒ Ls[jkƒ

g?o iZ[shBk gkT[Ad/ LS/sh eod/nzrbh^;zrbh LfoPs/dkoh,

;ke^;ehohe'o{z dk \IkBk Lpj[s tZvk

\IkBkgzvK pzBQD LtX/o XB

ewkT[Dekdh Lfe; rZb dh;zr LPowskfpnkdkoh LnXhBrh,

efjDk wzBDknKY^r[nKY dhL nk;^gk;

iK w[jZb/ d/b'eK dh

fenk;ôkJhnKL nzdkIkbkT[Dk

fBZs Lo[IkBkehVk Lbkbuy'v Lw'oh eoBkekrs^gZuo Lg/go,

d;skt/I;[yh Ld[yhG?n LvonDh^gNZe/ LnukBeGZi^BZm LfwjBsdoQK LdotkI/,

dfbjhI

20

eZuk fijk j' frnk. p; T[;php/ bVe/ dh T[wo ukbh e[tfoQnK dh ni/ w;K jh j'Jhj'Dh n?. w?A sK t/y e/ u[Zg jhfojk. w/ok fwZso T[BQK d/ xotkfbnK Bkb w/o/ xo dh ns/e[Vh dh tfvnkJh eodk ‘;"dk’sfj eoe/ rZb w[ekT[D dh thekjbh eo fojk ;h.

w?A T[;ƒ gk;/ fbik e/ e[Vh ns/ w[zv/ dh T[wo dk fdBôks dk |oedZf;nk. T[;B/ w?ƒ ;wMkfJnk fe, “t/y :ko sz{ sK iwK Jh ewb?. nZiêZbQgzskbh ;kbK dh th e'Jh tZvh T[wo j[zdh n?. gqd/;h rJ/ w[zfvnK dhnK T[woKsK n? Jh bzx iKdhn?.”

T[;dh nkj ukbh s'A gzskbh ;kb dh rZb ;[D w/ok fujok ghbk g? frnk;h. w?A T[;ƒ BKj eo fdZsh ;h. fwZso w/o/ f;o nfj;kB eodk j[D efjfojk ;h, “:ko ` sz{ feZdB dk w?ƒ sgk fojk ;h. i/ w?A j[D J/BQK Bkb gZehrZb eoh ikBK sK sz{ nkj T[wo dk ckBK vQksk. n?A sK ;G rZbK w/b BhAyKdhnK j[zdhnK. j[D sz{ BzBk Bk gk. w?A sK J/BQK Bkb ;koh rZb sfj eoe/gZeh jK jh eosh n?.”

T[;dh dpkn tkbh rZb j/m w?A dp e/ ofj frnk ;h. w?A w{zj'A e[SBk p'fbnk.

T[; fwZso B/ T[BQK wz[v/ tkfbnK ƒ w/o/ xo nkT[D dk ;Zdk d/ fdZsk. Pkwƒ xo nk e/ w?A nkgDh gsBh Bkb rZb ehsh fe w[zv/ dh T[wo gzskbh^gzikj;kbK ƒ Y[Zeh j'Jh n?. nkgK rZb n?E/ jh mZg d/JhJ/. pE/o/ w[zv/ j'o fwbikDr/. w?A rZb tXk e/ dZ;h.

gsBh B/ w/oh rZb ƒ Bk r"bd/ j'J/ fejk^“pkjo rJ/ w[zfvnK dhnK T[woKsK s[od/ fcofdnK dh bzx jh iKdhnK. nkj nkgDh okDh dh T[wo th sKj[D gZuh dh j'i{ n?; dhtkbh ƒ.”

w?A r[Z;/ Bkb fejk, “feZE/ gZuh s/ feZE/ gzikj. s?ƒ J/; T[wo dk coeJh BhA brdk fes/ < nkgK feT[A Xh ƒ y{j ’u XZek fdzB/ nK. e[Vh B/T[jd/ Bkb uko fdB BhA eZND/ T[E/ ik e/. c/o nkgK Jh nZyK ’u x;z[B d/e/ o'tKr/ fgZS'A.”

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEekek ih LbVe/ bJh

ftnzrkswePpd

w;K LpVh w[PfebBkb

eZuk Lwk:{;,fBokP

;"dk Lyohd'co'\s,foPskeokT[D bJhfxoDkiBePpd

fdBôks Lpj[sfInkdk

iwK Jh Lfpbe[bewb? Lp/te{|,

Bk;wMnkj LfJjfeZdB LfezB/ fdBK s'AckBK vQksk LnVuD$

o[ektN gkfdZsh

BzBk LBKj eoBhsgk Lszr, gq/PkBw/b yKdhnK LfwbdhnKmZg d/JhJ/ L\sw eo

d/JhJ/nZyK ux;[zB d/ d/ Lpj[s

fInkdk

21

nkgDh wK ƒ Bkb b? e/ gqd/;h ekek ;kv/ xo nkfJnk. w/ok fwZso T[BQKdh jo rZb dk jK ftZu jh T[~so d/ fojk ;h. n;hA th d't/A gsh^gsBh T[BQKe'b ik p?m/. ni/ rZbKpksK j' jh ojhnK ;B. ;kv/ e'b okDh dhnK ;j/bhnKe[Zeh s/ Pwh nkJhnK. e[Zeh B/ w?ƒ fejk, “nzeb ` Iok nzdo nkfJU Bk.”

w?A T[BQK wfjwkBK ftZu'A T[~m e/ nzdo e[VhnK e'b frnk. okDh B/ o'Adhfijh nktkI ’u fejk, “v?vh ` w?A Bh ikDk pkjo^p{jo. nkj nZi dhn\pko gVQ'.”

e'b yVQhnK e[VhnK B/ jkwh Goh, “jK nzeb ` n\pko ftZu nZi pVhG?Vh \po n? fe fe;/ w[zv/ B/ eB/vk b? e/ ikD dk pjkBk bk e/ gzi bZy o[gJ/dkI ’u b? e/ n?Xo e[Vh Bkb ftnkj eotk fbnk. uko ;kb j'r/ ftnkjj'J/ ƒ. T[j w[V e/ BjhA gofsnk. e[Vh s/ T[;d/ wkg/ T[vhe oj/ n? fe T[jed'A nkT{.”

w?A \po ;[D e/ xpok sK frnk ;h. go T[BQK dk wB fNekT[D bJh e[VhnKƒ fejk, “\po sK Gkw/A mhe n?. go jo/e w[zvk fJT[A BhA eodk fcodk.”

okDh B/ gZeh fId jh eo bJh fe w?A pkjob/ d/; BhA ikDk. v?vh s[;hAfJzBQK ƒ itkp d/ fdT[. wB'A sK w?A Xh dh rZb Bkb ;fjws j' frnk ;h fei/ okDh dk ftnkj j' frnk sK p[Vk eh J/BQ/ c{eD?. go T[sb/ wB'A w?A dZf;nk,“fJj pzd/ pj[s uzr/ n?. sz{ p/Nh jZm Bk eo. n;hA s/o/ fIzw/tko wkg/ jK.UXo ik e/ sz{ w"iK eo/Arh.”

e[Vh B/ w/o/ tZb bkb nZyK eZYdh B/ fejk, “s[;hA w?ƒ ‘N{b’ pDk e/ nkgsK ;kok NZpo ftd/P ikD d/ wko/ w?ƒ p[ZY/ d/ bV bk oj/ j'. w?A e'Jh y{j^N'Gk,rzdk eodz{.”

e[Vh dh f;o/ tkbh rZb ;[D e/ w?A fit/A gZEo jh pD e/ ofj frnk j'tK.MZN w/o/ fJe wk;No nkVh dh e[Vh :kd nkJh. fi; B/ eB/vk ofjzdh B/;j[fonK s'A szr j' e/ ;[wzdo ftZu Skb wko e/ y[de[Ph eo bJh ;h.

w?A nkgDh okDh Xh ƒ p[Zeb ftu fbnk s/ fejk, “p/Nh s?ƒ w?A j[D ed/th pkjo ikD bJh szr BjhA eoKrk. sz{ p/fceo j' ik.”

w?A T[E'A pkjo nk e/ xo p?m/ pzfdnK Bkb o;whA fijhnK rZbK ehshnK.id'A T[BQK B/ bVeh t/yD bJh rZb s'oh sK w?A gsBh s/ w/o/ fwZso ƒ b? e/pkjo nkfJnk. n;hA fszB/ ewo/ ftZu p?m rJ/. w?A fwZso ƒ d[ZX tork fuZNkitkp d/ fdZsk fe, “t/y GkJh ` s?ƒ i/VQh sebhc n;hA fdZsh n?. s?E'A wk|h

22

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEjKwh LjKGkw/A LGkt/AfJT[A LfJ; soQKitkp LfJBekowB'A LwB s'Ap[Vk LpI[orjZm LfIZdUXo Lgqd/;rzdk LwoB dk

GktgZEo L\kw'PMZN LfJedwnkVh LfwZso, d';sN{b L;kXB,

iohnk,t;hbk

d[ZX torkfuZNk itkp Le'oh BKj,

;gPNfJBeko

i/VQh LfijVh

wzrd/ nK. go ;kvh Xh efjzdh n? fe i/ w/ok J/; p[VQ/ Bkb f;o^BoV eo'r/sK w?A gfjbK jh y[de[Ph eobz{.”

n;hA J/E/ foPsk BhA eoBk.w/oh gsBh d/ th e'Jh uzrh ;'u wB ’u nk rJh ;h. T[; B/ w/oh jK

’u jK fwbk fdZsh ;h.“s[;hA ;ko/ pkjo ikD d/ wko/ w?ƒ N{b pDk e/ tos oj/ j'. w?ƒ s[;hA

pVQ/ d/ rb bk oj/ j'.” Xh d/ wko/ ‘w/jD/’ w/o/ ;hB/ ;Zb eo rJ/ ;B. w?Aj[D gZek c?;bk eo fbnk ;h fe w?A nkgDh Xh dk ftnkj fJZXo jh eoKrk.

;'funk ;h ub' fe w?A sK J/E/ fIzdrh wkVhûzrh eZN bJh n?. nkj e[Vhd/ pjkB/ d'tK w[zfvnK ƒ th ftd/P G/i fdnKrk. fJ; d/; ftZu'A yg^yg woBBkb'A sK T[~Xo ezw eod/ pzd/ dh ikB ;"yh sK ofjzdh n?. efjzd/ n?̂ T[Xopzd/ d/ ehs/ ezw dh fwjBs ƒ cb brd?.

n;hA sK T[BQK b'eK dh oh; eo oj/ ;K fiBQK b'eK e'b n?Xo ;"̂ ;" feb/IwhB n?. uzr/ ezw^Xd/ j'o th ubd/ n?. T[j th nkgDhnK XhnK ƒftd/PK ftu ftnkj fdzd/ n?. T[j th b'e i/VQ/ n?Xo w"iK wkDd/ n?. T[Xoik e/ ‘;?~N’ j'D dhnK ;ehwK pDkT[Ad/ n?.

nkj n\pkoK ftZu nkw jh nkgK mZrh^m'oh dhnK \poK gVQd/ jK fe n?E'ArJ/ w[zv/ nkg ;?~N j'D d/ wko/ w/wK Bkb coIh ftnkj eotk b?Ad/ n?. pZu/th j' iKd/ n?. fco n?Xo d/; ftZu nk e/ uzrhnK gVQhnK^fbyhnK e[VhnKBkb ftnkj eotk e/ dki pN'o e/ bZyK o[gJ/ b? iKd/ n?. e[Vh ftukoh ;kbKpZXh T[jdh T[vhe eodh fe;/ gk;/ i'rh Bh ofjzdh. i/ nfij/ bkbuh ftnkjeotk e/ e[Vh ƒ Bkb b? th iKd/ n? sK T[Xo fbik e/ SZv fdzd/ jB.

jK ` w/oh Xh B/ gqd/; Bk ikD dh nVh eoe/ w/o/ egkN y'bQ fdZs/. w?AnkgDh okDh Xh ƒ gqd/; BjhA G/iKrk. edh BjhA ` jofrI BjhA.

fN~gDhT[go'es ejkDh fJ; ;wZf;nk ƒ T[Gkodh j? fe eJh b'e nkgD/ w[zv/

e[VhnK ƒ gqd/; s'o e/ nkgD/ gfotko ƒ nkofEe s"o s/ y[Pjkb d/yDk ukj[zd/jB. b/ye ns/ T[; dh gsBh B/ gZek fJokdk pDk fbnk ;h fe nkgDh e[Vhgqd/; G/ie/ jh ;kvh ;wki ftZZu PkB^P"es pD/rh. jkbKfe T[BQK dh Xh okDhn?~wHJ/H eoe/ phHn?~vH eo u[Zeh ;h. go fco th T[j nkgDh bVeh ƒ

23

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEf;o^BoV Lftnkjw/jD/ Ld'P, skjB/,

u[ZGthA rZb;Zb LdodfJXo Ld/;$Gkos

ftumZrh^m'oh Lj/ok^c/ohpN'o Lb?Dkoh; LBeb;kbK pZXh LeJh ;kbK

seT[vhe LfJzsIkonVh LfIZdegkN LfdwkrjofrI Lfe;/ th

ehws s/

eB/vk, nwohek iK fe;/ j'o d/; G/iDk ukjz[d/ ;h. T[j ;'ud/ ;B fe i/ e[Vhdk ftnkj gqd/; rJ/ w[zv/ Bkb j' ikt/ sK ftnkj fgZS'A ;kok NZpo ftd/; ftZu;?~N j' ikt/rk. fJZe w[zvk nukBe eB/vk s'A ftnkj eotkT[D bJh nkfJnk.w[zv/ Bkb ftnkj dh rZb, fe;/ okjhA j'Jh. go T[; dh T[wo ukbh^gzskbh;kb ;h. T[Xo Xh B/ pkjo Bk ikD dh gZeh fIZd eo bJh feT[Afe T[; B/\poK gVQhnK s/ ;[DhnK j'JhnK jB fe fe; soQK pkjo tkb/ T[~E/ ftnkj eoke/ X'y/ Bkb fJZXo'A th e[nkohnK e[VhnK ƒ ftnkj e/ b? iKd/ jB. wkfgnKe'b'A bZyK o[fgnk e?P dki d/ o{g ftZu jVZg eo iKd/ jB. bVeh T[Xo p[bkT[Dd/ bko/ eoe/ jw/Pk T[vhedh ofj iKdh j?. ejkDheko B/ fJ; ejkDh okjhAgotk;h w[zfvnK d/ fybtkV dk godk |kP ehsk j?.


(i) okDh fezBh gVQh fbyh e[Vh ;h <(ii) eh ejkDh dh gkso okDh gqd/; ikDk ukj[zdh ;h <(iii) fijVk w[zvk okDh d/ ftnkj bJh t/fynk, T[; dh T[wo

fezBh ;h <(iv) eh b'e nkgD/ pZfunK ƒ ftd/P G/i e/ ;zs[PN jB <(v) ftd/PK ftZu ofj oj/ gzikphnK pko/ ejkDh d/ nXko ’s/ nkgD/

ftuko gqrN eo'.(vi) ftd/PK ftZu ofj oj/ w[zfvnK ƒ o'Ihô'Nh ewkT[D bJh feBQK^feBQK

w[PebK dk ;kjwDk eoBk g?Adk j? < gq'i?eN fsnko eo'.


(i) eh s[;hA fe;/ nfij/ ftnesh ƒ ikDd/ j' fi; B/ ftd/P ik e/ fJXodh e[Vh Bkb ftnkj eotk e/ T[; ƒ X'yk fdZsk j? < nfijh xNBkƒ nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.

(ii) eh s[;hA nkg ftd/P ikD ’u o[uh oyd/ j' < i/eo s[jkv/ ;kjwD/ftnkj Bkb ;zpzXs e'Jh u[D"sh nk ikt/ sK s[;hA T[; Bkbfet/A BfiZm'r/ < ftuko g/P eo'.

24

(iii) s[jkv/ uku/ dk w[zvk ftd/P ik e/ T[E/ ftnkj eotk u[Zek j?. go T[jGkos ftZu nk e/ dki bJh fJZe j'o e[Vh Bkb ftnkj eotkT[Dk ukj[zdkj?. s[;hA T[; ƒ fJzi eoB s'A o'eD tk;s/ fJZe fuZmh fby'.

nH fbzr pdb' L

(i) gsBh HHH(ii) w[zvk HHH(iii) Xh(iv) fwZso HHH

JH fto'Xh Ppd fby' L

(i) ;'jDh HHH(ii) nZrk HHH(iii) ekjbh HHH(iv) e[nkoh HHH

;H j/m fby/ PpdK ƒ P[~X eoe/ fby' L

(i) e[fVnK HHH(ii) wkghnK HHH(iii) n'vhe HHH(iv) ;Q/bhnK HHH

jH j/m fby/ tkeK ftu'A ekoe u[D e/ T[BQK dk BK fby' L

(i) fgsk Xh bJh foPsk t/yD ik fojk j? HHH(ii) wkfgnk B/ e[Vh bJh fdB oks fJZe eo fdZsk HHH(iii) nkgK feT[A e[Vh ƒ y{j ftZu XZek fdzB/ nK HHH(iv) b/ye B/ fwZso okjhA foPsk bZfGnk HHH

eH j/m fby/ tkeK ftu'A ftP/PD u[D e/ T[BQK dhnK fe;wK d~;' L

(i) okDh Y/o ;kohnK iwksK gVQh j'Jh ;h HHH(ii) w[zvk ;Zs ;w[zdo'A gko s'A nk fojk ;h HHH(iii) s[jkv/ w[zv/ dh T[wo pj[s fInkdk j? HHH(iv) fJj bVek pj[s bkbuh j? HHH

25

;shnK ;/JhvkH dbhg e"o fNtkDk

P\;hns s/ ouBkgzikph ;kfjs dh f;ow"o ejkDhekok vkH dbhg e"ofNtkDk dk iBw 4 wJh, 1935 JhH ƒ fgzv oZp'A,fIbQk b[fXnkDk, gzikp fty/ fgsk ekek f;zx d/ xowksk uzd e"o dh e[Zy'A j'fJnk. T[j gfNnkb/ PfjoftZu T[~u ftZfdnk jk;b eoe/ gzikph :{Bhtof;NhgfNnbk ftu'A gq'|?;o ;/tk^w[es j'J/. T[BQK B/ gzdoKBktb, nZm ejkDh^;zrqfj s/ nkb'uBk dhnK g[;seK

s'A fJbktk ;t?̂ ihtBh s/ eJh j'o g[;seK gzikph wK^p'bh dh M'bh gkJhnKjB. T[BQK ƒ eJh wkD^;BwkB fwb u[Ze/ jB.

T[BQK e'b ejkDh efjD dh ebk j?. T[j ejkDh ftZu Y[Zet/A PpdK dh u'Deoe/ nkgDh BjhA pbfe fJZe n"os wB dh pks gkT[Ad/ jB. T[BQK dhnKejkDhnK gzikp d/ wkbtk \/so dh Mkeh g/P eodhnK jB. T[BQK d/ gksowbtJh GkPk p'bd/ fdykJh fdzd/ jB.

;shnK ;/Jh

“id'A tho Grs f;zx dZs ƒ,fdZsk cK;h dk j[ew ;[Dk.T[jdh j'tD tkbh Bko ƒ,fe;/ fgzv ftu dZf;nk ik HHH.”rZvh ftu nzBQk wzrsk rk fojk ;h HHH fco HHH w?A wzrs/ d/ wz{j tZb sZfenk

go ;N/PB nk ikD eoe/ T[j T[; vZp/ ftu'A T[so e/ d{i/ ftu ik ufVQnk.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEj'tD tkbh Lj'D tkbhBko LgsBhnzBQk LB/sojhD,

;{odk;wzrsk LfGykoh

26

go w?ƒ w[V^w[V f\nkb nkD bZrk fe id'A fe;/ B/ fgzv ftu ik e/ dZf;nkj'Dk J/A, eh r[Ioh j'T{ Grs f;zx dh wzr/so d/ fdb s/ HHH < w?A vZp/ dhpkoh ftu'A pkjo sZeD bZrh. fJT[A brdk ;h fit/A ;kjwD/ y/s, y/sK ftuT[~rhnK |;bK s/ doZ\sK dhnK eskoK BZmhnK ik ojhnK j'D. T[~Bh jhs/Ih Bkb f\nkb w/o/ fdwk} ftu BZmD bZr/. w/oh ebgBk d{o HHH fd;jZd/s'A th d{o fgzv d/ fJe eZu/ e'm/ ftu p?mh uo\k eZsdh fJe ;[BZyh fJ;sqhƒ bZGD bZrh. u[Zgûkg w?A T[jd/ w{zj tZb sZeD bZrh.

“eh nkjBh J/A HHH <” T[j p'bh.“sz{ fet/A T[wo r[Ikoh <” w?A g[fSnk.“w?ƒ T[jdh fJZIs dk gk; ;h. b'eK efjDk ;h, fJj Grs f;zx dh

wzr/so J/—w?A fet/A ;kj; SZvdh < fwjBs wI{oh ehsh, b'eK dhnK egkjKu[ZrhnK, eZsDk eZfsnk, ghjD/ ghm/, e'm/ fbZg/, xkj y's/ HHH s/ vzr NgkfJnk.”

“feT[a, s/o/ wkfgnK ƒ s/ok f\nkb BjhA ;h <” w?A g[ZfSnk.“fejVk ;kb Sh wjhB/ dh rZb ;h fe w?A T[BQK ’s/ p'M pDh ofjzdh <

fJj sK T[woK d/ wkwb/ ;B. Bkb/ T[jBK T[jƒ jh e';Dk ;h fijVk nkgD/|oIK ƒ ftu/ jh SZv frnk ;h.”

“sz{ ;oeko e'b'A wdd wzr b?Dh ;h.” w?A T[dk; j' e/ nkfynk.“w?A T[jdh wzr/so j' e/ fe;/ nZr/ jZE nZvdh—fJj w?E'A j' BjhA ;fenk.”T[jdk f;de, T[jdk ;kj;, T[jdk f;oV d/y, w/ok fdb eo/ fJ; wjkB

n"os d/ g?o S{j btK. T[woK d/ fSZbV bkj T[j GoîtkB e[Vh pD w/oh:kd ftu T[xV yb'sh.

“;[fDnk J/A T[jd/ fgzv T[jdh :kd wBk oj/ B/. sz{ ikJ/Arh <” w?A g[ZfSnk.“w?A HHH w?A T[jd/ fgzv Gbk fet/A ik ;edh jK < T[; tid/ tkfinK

Bkb f;jo/ pzBQ e/ w?ƒ b?D nkT[Dk ;h. T[j nkfJnk BjhA. fco w?A fet/A ik;edh jK <”

“fJj s/ pVh g[okDh rZb j' rJh J/.” w?A nkfynk.“s?ƒ g[okDh brdh j'T{. w?ƒ sK fJT[A brdh J/ fit/A jkb/ eZbQ dh rZb

j't/—id'A fJe fdB dht/ fwbfdnK Bkb T[j ;kv/ fgzv nkfJnk ;h. pkjoy{j ’s/ yb', fJe fBnkD/ jZE w?ƒ ;[B/jk G/i fdZsk. w?A fMiedh fMiedh ;Gs'A u'oh T[E/ nk rJh. p'fbnk, ‘sz{ f|eo Bk eohA. ni/ w?ƒ Io{oh ezwB/. id'A ftnkj ehsk w?A s/o/ Bkb jh eoKrk—w?A S/sh jh nktKrk HHH.’

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEpkoh LfyVehw[V^w[V Ltko^tkowzr/so Lfi; Bkb

ftnkj j'DkgZek j'fJnkj't/

sZeD Lt/yDBZmhnK LGZihnK, d"VhnK;[BZyh L;'jDhfd;jZdk LfiE'A sZe

BIo nkT[Adkj?

nkjBh LefjzdhwI{oh LwId{ohy's/ Lg[N/, y[ou/ghjD/ ghm/ LjZEK Bkb

uZeh ubkJhe'm/ fbg/ LeZu/ wekBK

ƒ fwZNh dhfbgkJh ehsh

vzr NgkfJnk Lr[Ikok ehskf\nkb LfXnkBSh LS/e';Dk Lp[ok Gbk

efjDkjZE nZvdh LjZE c?bkT[Adh,

Ghy wzrdhf;de L;po, ftPtk;,

Go';k;kj; Lfjzws, j"A;bkf;oV LjZm, fJokdk,

fdqVQskfSZbV bkj Lgos, o{g

pdb e/T[xV LgqrNdht/ fwbfdnKLPkw t/b/fBnkD/ LpZu/, i[nke;[B/jk L;zd/PfMiedh L;ze'udh

27

T[j ufbnk frnk s/ w[V ni/ sZeBjhA nkfJnk HHH.”

T[; t/b/ w?ƒ fJe o{;h rhs :kdnkfJnk fe ‘;kvk xo ;iBhJ/ J/vhd{o sK BjhA ;h fe T[wo Go c/ok BkgkfJnk.’ fJBQK b|IK dh sVg T[jd/wz{j s'A bZGdh ;h fijVh fIzdrh GoT[jƒ T[vhedh ojh, fijB/ w[V ed/c/ok Bk gkfJnk.

“sz{ fJBQK ghVK dh ;ko ehikD/ <” T[j nZyK Go e/ p'bh. d' jzM{

tfj s[o/. w?ƒ bZfrnk fit/A T[j efj ojh j't/, “fJj fejh t/ Xos ezfvnkbh,fJj fej/ t/ ihtB d/ po/s/—w/o/ ;kj ;[ed/ ik oj/ B/.”

“oZp s?ƒ bzwh T[wo pyP/ `” T[jd/ e[wbkJ/ wz{j tZb sZe e/ w?A nkfynk.T[j fJT[A sqGeh fit/A w?A T[jd/ ug/V eZY wkoh j't/. fco eo[Dk^Goh

nktkI ftu efjD bZrh, “w/ohJ/ jwdodD/, bzwh T[wo bJh w/oh ukj BjhA.T[wo d/ sK fJj fdB th BjhA w[ed/ gJ/.”

T[jdh T[dk;h w/o/ e'b'A d/yh Bk rJh. rZb pdbD bJh w?A nkfynk,“sz{ w/o/ Bkb Pfjo uZb. w/oh G?D dk ftnkj J/, d' uko fdB ;[jD/bzx ikDr/.”

“BjhA, w?A ftnkj BjhA ik ;edh.” T[j p'bh.“feT[a HHH <” w?A g[fSnk.“\[PhnK d/ w"e/ w/o/ e'b'A MZb/ BjhA iKd/. nfij/ w"fenK s/ w?A pVh EZe

iKdh jK. w/o/ e'b'A nkgD/ }w j[D xVh gb bJh th d{o BjhA ehs/ iKd/.w?ƒ fJBQK d/ Bkb ofjD dh nkds g? rJh j?. fJe rZb d;/Arh <” T[jB/ nk;Bkb w/o/ tZb sfenk.

“jK g[ZS”, w?A nkfynk.“eh ;Zuh^w[Zuh e'Jh nrbk iBw th jz[dk J/ <”“ftukoh HHH” w/o/ fdb B/ nkfynk.“jK Io{o j[zdk J/.” w?A efj fdZsk. fJj ;[D T[jdhnK nZyK ftu fJe

uwe nkJh s/ T[j w[;eqk gJh.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEo{;h Lo{; d/P dkJ/vh LfJzBhc/ok LnkT[DkT[vehdh LfJzsIkoghVK Ld[y^dod;ko Lgsk j'Dkezfvnkbh LezfvnK

tkbhpo/s/ Lo/s dh

fe;we[wbkJ/ Lw[oMkJ/ j'J/sqGeh Lj?okB j'Jh,

vo Bkbezph

eo[Dk LdodBkeukj LfJZSkw[ed/ L\sw;[jD/ Luzr/MZb/ L;fjD,

podkPsxVh gb LE'VQh d/ouwe Lnk; dh

feoB

28

“eh ni/ she th T[j s?ƒ :kd J/ <” w?A g[fSnk.“jK HHH jo xVh, jo gb T[j w?ƒ :kd ofjzdk J/. ed/ ed/ sK pVk

wB eodk J/ fe e'Jh nk e/ nky/, ‘BjhA T[j wfonk BjhA, T[jƒ cK;h BjhAfdZsh rJh, T[j fiT{Adk J/.’ edh edh ;'udh jK i/ feXo'A T[j ;Zuh w[uh w[Vnkt/. w?A T[jƒ nkyK—‘ej[ t/ J/BQK sedhoK ƒ, fJT[A Bk d{o yb'D—w?A thfe;/ dh Xh t/ w?A th fe;/ dh G?D’—go j[D fJBQK sedhoK e'b w/o/ i'rk j?eh J/”—T[j T[dk; j' e/ p'bh.

“j[D sK Grs f;zx d/ ;[gB/ g{o/ j' oj/ B/. d/y, d/P fet/A soZeh tZbik fojk J/, sz{ th e'Jh fjZ;k gk. d/y, BtK toQk nkfJnk J/, e'Jh BtK edwu[e.” w?A nkfynk.

T[jdk wz{j fjZ; frnk s/ T[j u[gûkg w/o/ tZb sZeD bZrh, fit/Aefjzdh j't/ L

“fgSbk toQk o' e/ N[o ufbnk,nrbk th yVQk T[dk;.fejV/ t/ w[Bh ;okfgnk,sz{ w[V Bk g[ZSh tks.”“sz{ eh ;'u ojh J/A”, w?A g[ZfSnk. T[; B/ fJe j"ek Gfonk fit/A efjzdh

j't/, ‘oks dh okDh w?ƒ g[Sdh, feE/ sK rJhnK Bh s/ohnK BhAdoK, fdjz[ thT[bKG/ fdzdk, feE/ sK y'JhnK s/ohnK ;{osK—w?A w[V w[V s?E'A g[Sdh, e"D Go{t/ w/oh ejkDh dk jz[rkok, e"D pDz{ t/ w/o/ d[yK dk ;hoh—<’

w?A T[jd/ wz{j tZb sZfenk, ‘BkBe ;shnK ikDhnfB fi fpoj/ u'NwozfB HHH’ fJ; eEB nr/ w?A f;o M[ek fdZsk—T[jdh N[ZNh j'Jh i[Zsh ’s/w/oh BIo g? rJh. w?A fXnkB Bkb d/fynk, T[jdh ewhI ƒ th NkehnK brhnKj'JhnK ;B. w?ƒ XZek bZrk.

“sz{ T[jƒ t/fynk ;h <” T[j ni/ th T[jd/ pko/ jh ;'u ojh ;h.“BjhA”, w?A nkfynk.“T[j pVk ;'jDk ;h—;kv/ fgzv dhnK ;kohnK e[VhnK d/ gokj[fDnK Bkb'A

;'jDk” s/ HHH nZr'A T[jdk rbk Go nkfJnk s/ fco fit/A nkgD/ nkg rZbKeoB bZrh L

“nkT[Ad/ iKd/ okjhnK d/ w??A wz{j tb sedh e'Jh eo/ t/ s/oh rZb.w?A ezfBnk e[nkoh yVQh T[vhedh t/ ed/ sK ;[B/jk xZb.”

29

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEw[V nkt/ Ltkg; nk

ikt/sedhoK Lfe;wsK,

b/yyb'D Lyb's/ ofjD

dk Gkti'rk Ltk;s/, bJhtoQk L;kbfjZ; L;z[rVBkN[o LfBebw[Bh LfoPh w[zBh;okfgnk Lfi; ƒ pd^

d[nk bZrhj't/

tks Lpks,jkbûkb

BhAdoK LBhAdKfdjz[ L fdBT[bKG/ LfPekfJsKy'JhnK Lr[nku rJhnKjz[rkok Ljkwh GoBh,

fe;/ dh rZbtZb fXnkBd/Dk

s?E'A Ls/o/ e'b'A;hoh LGkJhtkb,

;KMhtkbfpoj/ LftS'Vk,

ft:'r, i[dkJhu'N L;ZNNkehnK LcZN/ egV/ ƒ

j'o egV/ dhekso brke/ f;T[Dk

gokj[fDnK LgshnKokjhnk Lo;s/ ftu

ikD tkb/b'eK

xZb LG/i

“eh ;'u ojh J/A ;'jDhJ/A <” w?A g[ZfSnk. T[j nkgD/ jZEK dhnK behoKtZb fXnkB Bkb sZeD bZrh fit/A efj ojh j't/, ‘wK nkgDh ƒ w?A g[ZSdh Xhd/ fej/ b/y fbykJ/.’

w?A T[jd/ tZb sZedh ojh. fJe bkN pbdh ;h T[jdhnK BIoK ftu, fJeefjo ;h, T[jdh sZeDh ftu. w?ƒ bfrnk fit/A, T[j fJe BkrD pD e/ c[zekoojh j't/. Grs f;zx d/ eksbK ƒ fit/A j[D/ vZ; b?Dk b'udh j't/. fit/A ;Ge[M GzB s'V w;b d/Dk ukj[zdh j't/. fco T[jB/ gbeK M[ek bJhnK fit/A efjzdhj't/ ‘w?A Gbk eh eo ;edh jK—’

“sz{ fBok; Bk j'. Grs f;zx f;o| s/ok jh BjhA ;h. T[j ;kvk ;kfonKdk ;h. T[jdh w"s dk d[Zy s?ƒ jh BjhA—;ko/ d/P ƒ j?—n;hA T[jƒ G[Zb/ BjhA,;kƒ sz{ Gh :kd J/A.”

fJj ;[D T[jdhnK nZyK Go nkJhnK s/ jzM{ e/o, T[j w/oh ebgBk ftu'Aw[V uZbh. w?ƒ bZfrnk, ‘Xos nzpo th ;'ud/ eh d/D s;Zbh.’

fJzB/ ƒ fJe M{N/ Bkb rZvh ;N/PB T[s/ nkD yVh j'Jh. T[j wzrskc/o vZp/ nZr'A dh rkT[Adk ik fojk ;h L

“id'A tho Grs f;zx dZs ƒ,fdZsk cK;h dk j[ew ;[Dk.T[jdh j'tD tkbh Bko ƒ,fe;/ fgzv ftu dZf;nk ik.”

fN~gDhvkH dbhg e"o fNtkDk B/ fJ; ejkDh okjhA fJZe nfij/ fJfsjk;e gkso

ƒ u[fDnk j? i' Pjhd Grs f;zx dh wzr/so j?. ejkDh dk xNBk eqw fJZe;N/PB T[~s/ nzBQ/ wzrs/ d/ p'bK s'A P[o{ j[zdk j?. ‘w?A^gkso’ rZvh ftZu ;|oeo ojh j?. T[E/ fJe wzrsk Grs f;zx pko/ rhs rk e/ T[; ƒ ;'uD bJhwip{o eo fdzdk j?. T[j egbBk ftZu jh T[; n"os d/ fgzv gj[zu iKdh j?.T[~E/ T[; B/ ;koh T[wo b'eK d/ xoK ftZu fwjBs^wId{oh ehsh. go ftnkjBjhA eotkfJnk. ;koh T[wo Grs f;zx dh wzrs/o ejkT[Dk |\o tkbhrZb ;wMh.

Grs f;zx B/ T[; ƒ e[M Io{oh ezw eoe/, S/sh nk e/ T[; Bkb ftnkjeokT[D dk tuB fdZsk ;h. T[j fJBQK tuBK dh bki oZydh j?. fJZe' fJZe

30

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEb/y Lfe;wsbkN LnZr dh b'nefjo Lr[Z;k,

eo'gh, eq'Xc[zeko L;Zg dh P{eD

dh ntkIvZ; Lvzr wkoBkb'udh Lukjz[dhjzM{ LnZEo{, nK;{Xos nzpo LXosh s/

nekP

:kd d/ ;jko/ f;de fdbh Bkb fIzdrh fiT{D bJh ;sh j'D dh fw;kb j?.nfijh wjkB n"os dh ejkDh gVQ e/ gkme dk f;o Bw;eko bJh M[e iKdkj?. ejkDh fpBK fe;/ tkX{ ft;sko d/ r[opkDh d/ “BkBe ;shnK ikDhnBfi fpoj/ u'N wozfB” tkb/ f;XKs s'A th ikD{ eokT[Adh gkme wB ƒ Mzi'Ve/ oZy fdzdh j?. fJj fJ; ejkDh dh \{p;{osh ejh ik ;edh j?.


(i) ‘;shnk ;/Jh’ ejkDh ftZu nzBQk wzrsk fe; pko/ rhs rk fojk j?<

(ii) b/fyek ebgBk okjhA fe; d/ fgzv gj[zu iKdh j? <

(iii) Grs f;zx B/ nkgDh wzrs/o Bkb fejVk tkndk ehsk ;h <

(iv) r[opkDh nB[;ko ;shnk fJ;sohnK e"D j[zdhnK jB <

(v) eh ;w/A dhnK ;oekoK B/ T[; wjkB n"os pko/ ;'funk <

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/TH gkm s'A n~r/

(i) Grs f;zx ns/ T[BQK d/ ;kEh Gkos ƒ nIkd eok e/ fej' fij/d/P dk fBowkD eoBk ukj[zd/ ;B < nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.

(ii) eh s[;hA fe;/ nfijh n"os ƒ ikDd/ j' fi; B/ gsh s'A fpBQK ;kohfIzdrh nkgD/ nkg fpskJh j't/ < T[; dhnK jK^gZyh rZbK ƒT[Gkod/ j'J/ fJZe b/y fby'.

(iii) n"os f;de fdbh Bkb gsh fpBK fIzdrh fiT[A b?Adh j?. ehs[;hA fe;/ nfij/ nkdwh ƒ ikDd/ j' i' nkgD/ f;de T[goekfJw ofj e/ nkgDk ihtB fBopkj eo fojk j't/ < T[; dhnKgq/oDkdkfJe rZbK dk fIeo eod/ j'J/ nkgD/ fwZso ƒ fJZefuZmh fby'.

(iv) Gkos ftZu ;sh gqEk pko/ s[;hA eh ikDd/ j' < fJ; ƒ \sw eoBbJh j'J/ isBK dh uouk eo'.

(v) n"os d/ ;[yh ;z;ko pko/ ebgBk eod/ j'J/ ft;sko ftZu fJZe GkPBfsnko eo'.

31

nH tuB pdb' L

(i) rZvh HHH(ii) pkoh HHH(iii) |;b HHH(iv) b|I HHH(v) f;jok HHH(vi) esko HHH(vii) doZys HHH(viii) ;N/PB HHH(ix) nzpo HHH(x) vZpk HHH

JH j/m fby/ tkeK ftu'A fefonk u[D e/ T[BQK dhnK fe;wK fby' L

(i) Grs f;zx dh wzrs/o B/ egkjK u[rD dk ezw ehsk. HHH(ii) ;N/PB T[go nzBQk, Grs f;zx dk rhs rkT[Adk j?. HHH(iii) ejkDheko B/ wzrs/o pko/ ebgBk ehsh. HHH(iv) wzr/so ƒ brdk j? fe Grs f;zx nk ;edk j?. HHH(v) w?A T[jd/ tZb sZedh ojh.

;H j/m fby/ tkeK ft~u beho/ PpdK dhnK fefonk ftP/PD dhnK fe;wK d~;'L

(i) Grs f;zx Io{o nkt/rk. HHH(ii) Grs f;zx dh :kd wzr/so ƒ tko^tko ;skT[Adh j?. HHH(iii) wzr/so ƒ fwjBs eoBh gJh feT[Afe T[; dk gsh BjhA nkfJnk. HHH(iv) nzBQk j"bh^j"bh rkT[Adk j?. HHH(v) T[j fMiedh fMiedh ;G s'A u'oh T[E/ nk rJh.

jH j/m fby/ tkeK ft~u ekb dhnK fe;wK gSkD e/ fby' L

(i) T[j pVk ;'jDk ;h.(ii) wzr/so B/ e'mk fbZg fbnk ;h. HHH(iii) Grs f;zx nk fojk j?. HHH(iv) b/fyek ebgBk eo ojh j?. HHH(v) n;hA T[; ƒ G[Zb/ BjhA ns/ sz{ th ;kƒ :kd J/A.

32

eH j/m fby/ nykDK d/ noE d~; e/ tke pDkT[ L

(i) nkg eki, wjK eki HHH(ii) T[~ybh ftZu f;o fdZsk sK w'jfbnK dk eh vo HHH(iii) Jh;pr'b s/ e[M Bk c'b HHH(iv) ;" ;[fBnko dh fJZe b[jko dh HHH(v) jzekfonk ;' wkfonk HHH

yH j/mK fby/ pj[̂ noEe PpdK d/ tke pDkT[ L

(i) wzr HHH(ii) MZb/ HHH(iii) bktK HHH(iv) tko HH(v) vzr HHH

33

d[~X s/ g[~spfuzs e"o

P\;hns s/ ouBkpfuzs e"o dk iBw 8 cotoh, 1940 JhH ƒ fgzv GV',BkGk gzikp ftZu j'fJnk. fIzdrh ftZu id'̂ ifjdeofdnK n?~wHfcbH sZe T[~u ftZfdnk jk;b ehsh.

pfuzs e"o B/ gzikph ;kfjs irs d/ ejkDh^y/so ftZu wjZstg{oB :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. T[BQK B/doiB s'A tX ejkDhnK dhnK g[;seK wK^p'bhgzikph dh M'bh gkJhnK jB. fit/A L ‘wzIb’, ‘;{jk

ozr f;nkj ozr’, ‘G[Zpb dh nZr’. ‘fenkoh b"ArK dh’ g[;se ƒ 1982^83dk gzikph nekdwh, fdZbh tb'A ;ot'sw g[;se^;BwkB fwfbnk. T[BQK B/ejkDh s'A fJbktk Bktb, ;t?̂ ihtBh, ;|oBkwk s/ pkb^g[;seK th fbyhnKjB. pfuzs e"o dhnK ejkDhnK dh P?bh ;ob s/ ;zy/g j?. T[BQK dhnKejkDhnK nzro/Ih, fjzdh s/ j'o GkPktK ftZu nB[tkd j' u[ZehnK jB. T[BQKdhnK ejkDhnK nfij/ ftP/ ƒ g/P eodhnK jB i' gkme wB ƒ N[zpdk j?.

d[~X s/ g[~s

wJh dh gzi sohe j' u[eh ;h. go pkp/ pko{ ƒ Bk e'Jh pkjob/ xo'Ab?D nkfJnk, s/ Bk jh T[j nkg ikD bJh fsnko ;h. ftfdnk j[D T[; Bkb\k;h n"yh j' e/ p'bdh ;h. pZu/ th nZi ebQ pkp/ dh fe;/ rZb s/ ezB BjhA;B Xod/. go c/o th pkp/ pko{ B/ fjzws eo e/ nkgD/ g[Zso eosko f;zxƒ efj jh fdsk, “g[so skfonk w?A pkjob/ xohA BjhA ikDk. w?ƒ nkgD/ e'bjh ofjD d/. w/ok pkjob/ xohA G'ok th ihn BjhA bZrdk.”

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE\k;h Lpj[sXod/ L;[Dd/G'ok Lfpbe[b thihn Lfus, wB

34

“ihn dk Gbk eh wsbp J/ pkg{, id wK d/ ‘tkoQ/’ tkb/ fdB gzi GkJhnKftu fJj c?;bk j'fJnk j?, fe n;hA gzi GkJh s[jkƒ fszB^fszB wjhB/ o'Nhd/tKr/. tkoh d/ w[skpe gfjbh sohe s'A s[jkv/ fszB wjhB/ J/E/ g{o/ j' u[e/jB. j[D s[jkƒ gqhs{ d/ xo ub/ ikDk ukjhdk j?.” pkpk nZr'A e[M th T[~soBk d/ ;fenk.

nk\o pkp/ pko{ ƒ pkjob/ xo gqhs{ e'b nkT[Dk jh fgnk. Gkt/A nzdo'AT[; dh tZYh o{j BjhA ;h eodh J/E/ nkT[D ƒ, go wodk eh Bk eodk.eosko/ B/ fszB wjhB/ fgS'A ;k| efj i' fdsk ;h, “pkg{ j[D sz{ gqhs{ d/ xoubk ik.”

gqhs{ dh tj[Nh pzs pkp/ pko{ dh ;/tk ftu e'Jh e;o Bk oydh. j|s/ftu d' tkoh T[; d/ egV/ X' d/Adh, ukj^gkDh ;w/A f;o pkp/ ƒ fsnko eoe/d/ fdzdh. nkgD/ pZfunK ƒ th T[; B/ ;wMk ofynk ;h fe “s[;hA fizBh pkp/dh ;/tk eo'r/, s[jkƒ T[~Bk jh nZSk |b fwb/rk. tZfvnK dh nkswk \[P oZyD’s/ oZp th \[P ofjzdk j?.”

go n?Bk e[M eoB ’s/ th pzs dh nkgDh nkswk ƒ ed/ PKsh BjhA ;hfwbdh. T[; dk gsh Pokph ;h. id'A th nkED ƒ T[j xo nkT[Adk sKnkT[AfdnK jh ntk^stk p'bDk P[o{ eo fdzdk. fe;/ Bk fe;/ pjkB/ pzs BkbMrVk eodk. pZfunK ƒ T[uh^T[uh rkbQK eZYD bZr g?Adk. i' e'Jh th T[;dh rZb ƒ Bk T[bNkT[Adk, T[j ik e/ pkp/ pko{ d/ d[nkb/ j' iKdk. s/ T[; dhwzih ƒ m/vk wko e/ efjzdk, “pkg{ ni/ fezBk fuo j'o fJj wzih g{iDh j?w?A.” fJj rZb ;[D e/ p[ZY/ pkp/ dk ;kok ;oho ezpD brdk s/, nzdo'A nzdohT[j o' T[mdk. T[; ƒ ;koh d[Bhnk jB/oh ikgD bZr g?Adh. T[; d/ nZ;h ;kbg[okD/ jZv fit/A T[; ƒ fwZNhpD/ BIo nkT[Ad/.

T[; dk Pokph g[Zso T[;d/ ;fseko dh EK T[; ƒ thntk^stk p'bD'A BjhA ;hfMiedk. fezBh p/gsh eodk;h gqhs{, pkp/ pko{ dh. Pokphg[Zs dhnK rZbK ;[D e/ T[j p[sdk p[s pD e/ ofj ikdk.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEtkoQ/ LtZvk eoBk,

pI[or dhnzswfefonkt/b/ dho;w

tZYh o{j BjhA;h eodh Lfpbe[b

wB BjhA;h eodk

e;o LxkNnkED LPkw t/bkntk^stk LT{bîb{b,

p/wsbpwzih g{iDh Lftnzr Bkb

;/tk eoBhs'A Gkt

p/gsh Lp/fJIshp[s dk p[s L;[zB, \kw'P

35

c/o ;'uK jh ;'uK ftu T[j nkgD/ gziK g[ZsK d/ xoK s/ UjBK d/ pZfunKƒ goydk. nk\o T[; dk wB efj T[mdk, wBk eosko/ e'b i/ fNfenk ofj;e/ sK jh uzrh rZb j?. go T[j th sK oZy/ <

j[D pkp/ dh tkoh sb'e/ d/ xo ikD dh ;h. sb'ek ;Zuh^w[ZuhA nkgD/ fgUd/ p[Ykg/ ƒ fJ; soQK o[bdk BjhA ;h d/y ;edk. id'A pkpk sb'e/ d/ xo j[zdksK sb'e/ dh tj[Nh ;G s'A gfjbK pkp/ ƒ o'Nh go';dh. ;G s'A gfjbK pkp/ƒ ukj fdzdh. J/; xo pkp/ d/ egV/ X' e/ o'I pdb/ iKd/ ;B. sb'ek T[;dh y[Ph dk g{ok^g{ok fXnkB oydk, go fco th pkp/ ƒ fJT[A brdkfit/A e'Jh r[r/ dh g{ik j' ojh j?. r[r/ Bkb Gbk fe;/ ƒ eh fgnko j' ;edkj? < T[; dh g{ik vzr d/ vo s'A jh ehsh iKdh j?.

rZb th fJj ;'bK nkB/ mhe ;h. sb'ek pkp/ dh ;/tk ftu nkgDh tj[Nh’s/ ;\s BIo oZydk ;h. fi; eoe/ T[; dh tj[Nh t/b/ f;o pkp/ d/ ;ko/ezw eo fdzdh, o'I egV/ X'Adh, ukj gkDh ;w/A f;o d/ fdzdh, T[; dk wzikfp;sok ;k| oydh. go nkT[Adh iKdh T[j pkp/ ƒ e'Jh Bk e'Jh u[ZGthA rZbIo{o ;[Dk iKdh. “pkg{ sz{ Gbk ;koh T[wo ftu eh ehsk j? nkgD/ g[soK bJh.fgzv ftu ;G s'A E'VQh IwhB j? ;kv/ e'b. s/oh e'Jh ;/tk eo/ sK Gbkfet/A eo/.” pkpk ƒjK dhnK u[GthnK rZbK ;[D e/ nzdo' nzdoh o' T[mdk.ihn eodk gziK ƒ SZv^Svk e/ feXo/ d{o ubk ikt/. go fJ; ftu sb'e/dk eh e;{o, Bk T[j sb'e/ ƒ e[M d;dk, Bk ƒj ƒ e'Jh itkp fdzdk. pkpkBjhA ;h ukjz[dk fe xo ftu T[; d/ fgS/ bVkJh j't/.

c/o nkg jh ;'u e/ wB ƒ s;Zbh d/ b?Adk, mhe jh sK efjzdh j? sb'e/ dhpj{. sb'e/ dh sBykj th sK v{Y ;" o[g? jh j?. T[; B/ pZu/ th gkbD/ jB.J/;/ soQK pkpk pko{ ;kok fdB ;'uK dh T[X/Vp[D ftu T[bfMnk ofjzdk. ed/ ;'udknZXh IwhB sb'e/ d/ BkT[A btk d/tK. pkeh sK nkgD/̂ nkgD/ xo ;ko/ uzrkyKd/̂ ghAd/ jB. fJ;/ dk r[Ikok w[Pfeb j?. go fJj rZb T[; d/ d{i/ g[Zsofet/A ;jko ;ed/ jB. T[j sK g{o/ fjZ;/ bJh woB^wkoB ƒ fsnko j' ikDr/.

Bkb/ fdnkbk i' j[D ;koh IwhB ƒ tkj[zdk phidk j? T[j ed'A wzBDbZfrnk, J/; rZb ƒ. T[; d/ xo oZp dk fdsk d[ZX^g[Zs ;G' e[M j?. goc/o th T[; dh Bhns fcZNh gJh j?. nzdo'̂ nzdoh T[j gNtkoh Bkb fwb e/nZr/ dh ;koh IwhB jfEnkT[D ƒ fcodk j?. skjhUA sK T[j pkp/ pko{ ƒ fgzvftu p[bk e/ y[P BjhA.

36

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEfNfenk L;fEoo[bdk LyZib^\okp

j[zdkgo';dh Lfdzdhr[r/ dh g{ik L;Zg dh g{ikvzr LvZ;Dk;'bK nkB/ mhe Lfpbe[b mhet/b/ f;o L;w/A f;ou[ZGthA rZb LskjBk^

fwjDkv{Y ;" o[gJ/ L150 o[gJ/T[X/Vp[D Lp/ f;ZNk rZb,

f\nkbh ;'ubtk d/tK LBK btk d/Dk,

BK eo d/Dk;jko LpodkPs

eoBk, ;fjDkBhns fcZNhgJh j? Lp/JhwkB j'

ikDkjfEnkT[D LepI/ ftu

eoBo'Djkek Lo'D torh

jkbs

;'u^;'u pkpk o'Djkek j' iKdk. n?vk tZvk gfotko ;h T[; dk fe b'efgzv ftu T[; ƒ tv/ gfotko tkbk efj e/ p[bkT[Ad/ ;B. id'A ed/ T[j;ko/ g's/̂ g'shnK ftu p?mk j[zdk ;h sK T[; ƒ eJh tko fJj th G[Zb iKdkfe fejVk g[so fdnkb/ dk s/ fejVk gqhs{ dk j?. go e'Jh T[; dh pksBjhA g[Sdk.

id'A T[; dh gsBh fiT{Adh ;h sK T[j fgzv jh ofjzdk ;h. s/ fdnkb/B/ T[; dh wzih Bho/ nkb/ nzdo vkj oyh ;h. go id T[j wo rJh sK T[;dh wzih dk e'Jh th fNekDk BjhA ;h fojk.

gfjbk d{i/ tZb, d{ik shi/ tZb, shik u"E/ tZb XZeD ƒ fsnko ofjzdk;h. fizBk tvk T[; dk gfotko ;h, T[~BhnK jh szdK ftu T[j T[bfMnk fgnk;h. eJh tkoh pj[sk d[yh j' e/ T[j nkgDh ;tortk;h gsBh ƒ efj T[mdk,“d/y GkrtzshJ/, sz{ efjzdh j[zdh ;h fizB/ g[Zs pj[s/ j'Dr/ T[~Bk jh pj[sk ;[yfwb/rk p[Ykg/ ftu. ed/ Gbk fe;/ ƒ d[ZX s/ g[Zs th pj[s/ bZr/ jB < nZiw/oh jkbs d/y Iok nk e/. w?A fezBk d[yh jK. w/oh o[yh^;[yh th ;G ƒ GkohbZrdh j?.”

c/o fJe tko T[; B/ gziK g[ZsoK s/ BIo d"VkJh. go gzitK sK ni/ftnkfjnk th BjhA. Bkb/ T[j sK pkjo B"eoh eodk j?. w/o/ e'b'A gzi ;" whbd{o, T[; Bkb Gbk w/ok eh frbk.

j[D ;kb dk nzs nk frnk ;h. j[D c/o pkp/ dh tkoh eosko/ d/ xoikD dh nk rJh. pkpk pko{ nzdo'̂ nzdoh y[P j' fojk ;h. feT[Afe eosko/d/ xo d/ Bkb jh T[; dk S'Nk Gok nkgD/ fJeb"s/ gZ[so e'b ofjzdk ;h, fi;ƒ fe;/ pNtko/ dh b'V BjhA ;h ;skT[Adh. s/ pkpk pko{ fezBk fuo nkgD/S'N/ Gok e'b p?mk nkgDk d[y^;[y c'bdk ofjzdk ;h.

fN~gDh‘d[ZX s/ g[Zs’ ejkDh ftZu b/fyek B/ pI[or gkso pkp/ pko{ dh d[Zy Goh

dk;skB fpnkB ehsh j?. T[; d/ gzi g[Zso—eoskok, gqhs{, sb'ek, fdnkbks/ pkjob/ d/; ofjD tkbk g[Zs ;B. T[BQK B/ nkgDh wK d/ woB s'A pkndG'r s'A pknd sfj ehsk fe pkg{ ƒ T[j fszB^fszB wjhB/ nkgD/̂ nkgD/ xooZyDr/. pkg{ dk wB nkgD/ iZdh xo fJe' g[so eosko/ e'b ofjD ƒ eodkj?. T[; dhnK ƒjK f;o| fJZe ƒ SZv e/ rZb^rZb ’s/ pkg{ ƒ skjB/̂ fwjD/

37

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEBho/ nkb/nzdo Ls{Vh nkfd

gP{nK d/uko/ tkb/ewo/ ftZu

vkj LftSkXZeD LG/iDszdK LMw/fbnK,

T[bMDKo[yh^;[yh L;kdh o'NhGkoh Lp'Mfrbk LfPetk,

BokIrhfJeb"s/ LfJeZb/,

fJe' fJepNtko/ Ltzv, fjZf;nK

ftZu tzvDkc'bdk L;KMk eodk

fdzdhnK jB fe T[; B/ Bk sK e'Jh uzrh IwhB ikfJdkd pDkJh j?, ns/ Bkjh ;'B/ d/ rfjD/ T[BQK ƒ ftok;s ftZu fdZs/ jB. d{i/ gk;/ pkp/ pko{ d/ Gokdk fJZe'̂ fJZe g[Zso j? i' nkgD/ wkfgnK dk nkfrnkeko g[Zso j?. pkpk pko{nkgDh 80 ;kb dh T[wo tZb d/ye/ e';dk j? fe ;wK fezBK pdb frnk j?.xotkbh d/ woB s'A pknd T[; dh fezBh p/edoh j' ojh j?. i' nkgD/ g[ZsoK’s/ pj[s wkD eodh ;h.

ejkDhekok pfuzs e"o fJ; ejkDh okjhA fJZe ;zd/P d/ ojh j? fe tZv/gfotko d/ wK^pkg nkgD/ pZfunK ƒ ed/ p'M BjhA ;wMd/ ;B. go pZu/ nkgD/fgsk ƒ o'Nh d/D bJh EKÊK G/i d/D bJh wIp{o eod/ jB. fJ; bJh pkg{pko{ ;'udk j? fe ‘d[ZX s/ g[Zs’ fcND bZfrnK ed/ d/o BjhA bkT[Ad/. b/fyeknfij/ ;wki ’s/ fsZyk ftnzr eodh j?. fJZE/ g?;k Gko{ j'D eoe/ B?fse edoKêhwsK ƒ Ykn bZr ojh j?. wkfgnK dh p/edoh ejkDh dk w[Zy ftPk j?.


(i) ‘dZ[X s/ g[Zs’ ejkDh ftZu pkp/ pko{ d/ fezB/ g[Zso jB.(ii) fJ; ejkDh ftZu pkg{ nkgD/ wB dh rZb fe; ƒ d;dk j?.(iii) wK d/ woB s'A pknd g[ZsoK B/ eh |?;bk ehsk.(iv) pkp/ pko{ gqsh T[; d/ gqhs{ g[Zso dk fej' fijk ftjko j?.(v) fJ; ejkDh d/ f;ob/y s'A eh Gkt j?.


(i) s[;hA nkgD/ wkfgnK bJh eh eoBk ukjz[d/ j'. y[ZbQ e/ fpnkB eo'.

(ii) nZi eZbQ wkfgnK s/ pZfunK ftZu tX ojh d{oh d/ ekoB dZ;'.

(iii) j[D gsh^gsBh s/ pZfunK dk fJeZm/ ofjD dk fotkI P[o{ j' frnkj?. fJ; wkj"b ftZu pI[orK dh j' ojh p/edoh T[go o"PBh gkT[AdkfJZe b/y fby'.

(iv) BthA s/ nkgDh ghVQh ftZu B/Vsk fbnkT[D bJh ;[Mkn fdT[.

(v) fvgNh efwPBo ƒ fJZe gZso fby e/ pI[orK dh ;[oZfynk tXkT[Ddh p/Bsh eo'.

38

nH tuB pdb' L

(i) eZgVk HHH (ii) pZuk HHH(iii) skok HHH (iv) rZb HHH(v) wzih HHH (vi) sBykj HHH(vii) fp;sok HH (viii) szd HHH(ix) IwhB HHH (x) u'DthA HHH

JH j/m fby/ pj[̂ noEe PpdK d/ tke pDkT[ L

(i) T[~so HHH(ii) do HHH(iii) cb HHH(iv) tZYh HHH(v) tzv HHH

;H j/m fby/ tkeK ft~u'A beho/ fefonk ftP/PDK dhnK fe;wK d~;' L

(i) T[; dh fJj rZb ;'bK nkB/ mhe ;h.(ii) sb'ek nzdo jh p?mk ;h.(iii) fgzv ftZu ;kv/ e'b E'Vh IwhB j?.(iv) T[; dk gzitK g[Zso B"eoh bJh d{o frnk j'fJnk ;h.HHH(v) rZbK eodk eodk T[j nuBu/s o' fgnk.HHH

jH j/m fby/ tkeK ftu'A fefonk dh u'D eo' L

(i) ƒj B/ pkp/ ƒ skjB/̂ fwjD/ fdZs/. HHH(ii) g[Zso B/ fgsk ƒ gkDh fgnkfJnk. HHH(iii) pkpk sz{ ;koh T[wo ;kv/ bJh e[M BjhA pDkfJnk. HHH(iv) gsBh d/ woB wro'A pkp/ dh d/y^Gkb j'Dh ukjhdh ;h. HHH(v) pkp/ B/ g[Zso ƒ nPhotkd fdZsk. HHH

eH j/m fby/ tkeK ƒ toswkB ekb ft~u pdb e/ fby' L

(i) ftfdnk j[D T[; Bkb \k;h n"yh j' e/ p'bdh ;h.(ii) eosko/ B/ pkg{ ƒ gqhs{ d/ xo ikD bJh efj fdZsk ;h.(iii) pkp/ dh rZb ;'bK nkB/ mhe ;h.(iv) sb'ek pkg{ d/ p[Ykg/ ƒ o[bdk BjhA d/y ;edk ;h.(v) fdnkb/ d/ xo oZp dk fdZsk ;G e[M ;h.

39

feos dk ;fsekovkH jouoB f;zx

P\;hns s/ ouBkvkH jouoB f;zx gzikph ;kfjsîrs d/ gqf;ZXBkNeeko jB. T[BQK B/ tZvh frDsh ftZu fJeKrhfby/ jB. T[BQK d/ gqf;ZX fJeKrh ;zrqfj jB—‘;gsfoPh’, ‘gzi rhNVk’, ‘w[Ve/ dh y[Pp'’ s/ ‘gzugqXkB’. T[BQK B/ pj[s ;ko/ BkNe th fby/ jB. T[BQKB/ gfjbh tkoh nkgDh Xow gsBh Xow e"o s'AnfGB? eotkfJnk. fJ; Bkb gzikph BkNeK ftZu

fJ;soh^gkso dh ;wZf;nk dk jZb th j' frnk. T[BQK d/ BkNeK d/ ftP/ nkws"o ’s/ wB[Zyh edoKêhwsK Bkb ;zpzXs j[zd/ jB.

feos dk ;fseko

;wK L ;zB 1955;EkB L fdZbh dh fJZe p;sht/bk L ;t/o/ 10 ti/MKeh L fdZbh dk fJZe pZ; nZvk. fszB pzd/ ns/ fJZe fJ;soh pZ;

dh T[vhe ftZu yVQ/ jB. T[BQK ftZu''A fJZe w'Nk Gkok ;/mj?, fi; B/ d[ZX^fuZNh N'gh ns/ P[ZX yZdo d/ eZgV/ gkJ/ j'J/jB. T[j e[M ekjb s/ xpokjN ftZu ikgdk j?. T[; d/Bkb T[; dk w[BPh j?. shik e/;o BK dk fJZe pzdk j?,i' rZbK s'A y[bQ/ ;[Gkn dk gqshs jz[dk j?. fJj T[BQK E'VQ/ pzfdnKftZu''A j?, i' fIzdrh dk jo gb jZ; s[; e/ r[Ikod/

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEekjb Ls/ih ftZuw[BPh Lfj;kp oZyD

tkbk,nekT{AN?AN

jZ; s[; Lw[PebKBkb

40

jB. nkX[fBe ozr^Yzr dh fJ;soh th jk;/ wy"b ƒ p[okBjhA ;wMdh.

;tkoh L (;kj' ;kj) nkj pZ; fejV/ Bzpo dh ;h <e/;o L s[jkƒ fejVh ukjhdh ;h <;tkoh L s/oK Bzpo dh.e/;o L pZ; Ujh ;h, n?Xo nk ikU esko ftZu, ;kj eZY bU.;tkoh L t/y' ih, fezBk Io{oh ezw ;h.;/m L iBkp, n;hA sK s[jkv/ Bkb'A th ekjb/ nK. ;kvk jIkoK dk

B[e;kB j' fojk J/.e/;o L ;/m ;kjp sK G[zi/ bZE/ j'J/ B/. t/ydk BjhA ftuko/ fezB/ p/u?B

B/. fJBQK dh X'sh g?o ftZu nV rJh BjhA sK fJBQK B/ ezveNoT[~s/ jh uVQ ikDk ;h.

;/m L s[jkƒ rZbK ;[ZMdhnK B/. ezw e'Jh BjhA Bk j'Dk.e/;o L ;/m ih, pZ; B/ nkgD/ NkJhw ’s/ nkT[Dk, xpokT[D Bkb

S/sh BjhA nk ikDk.;/m L iBkp, n;hA sK s[jkv/ Bkb'A th ekjb/ nK. ;kvk jIkoK dk

B[e;kB j' fojk J/.;tkoh L nrbh pZ; ed'A e[ nkt/rh <e/;o L e'Jh fBPfus ;wK BjhA.fJ;soh L ;qhwkB ih, xpokU Bk, pkp{ b'e ;G nkg'̂ nkgD/ d|soK ftZu

ub/ rJ/ B/, j[D ;kvh Jh tkoh J/.e/;o L phph ih, s[jkv/ j[zfdnK xpokjN feZdK j' ;edh J/. fiE/

iBkBh j't/ fJT[A brdk, fit/A gotko ftZu p?m/ j[zd/ nK. w?AsK efjzdk Gkt/A Pkw sZe Bk nkt/.

;/m L eh fejk, Pkw sZe BjhA nkT[Dh <e/;o L ;/m ih, i/ s[jkƒ pj[s ekjbh J/, sK N?e;h feT[A BjhA

eo b?Ad/.;/m L GkJh ;kjp, i/ n;hA o'I N?e;hnK ’s/ uVQhJ/ sK c/o yNhnK

fet/A yNhJ/.e/;o L ;/m ;kjp sK fJ; n;{b d/ ekfJb B/—uwVh ikJ/ go dwVh

Bk ikJ/.

41

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEwy"b LwIkeesko Lgzesh

(bkJhB)ekjb/ Libdh ftZuG[zi/ bZE/ Lgo/PkB j'DknV LnNe ikDkyNhnK LewkJhnKyNhJ/ LewkJhJ/ekfJb LwzBD tkb/dwVh Lg?;k

;/m L GkJh ;kjp, ikB wko e/ g?;k ewkJhdk J/.e/;o L d{i/ dh ikB wko e/ fe nkgDh <

(;ko/ jZ; g?Ad/ jB);/m L e'Jh BjhA ikB wkodk nZiêbQ fe;/ ykso. b'e pV/ f;nkD/

j' rJ/ B/.w[zvk L p{N gkbP eotk bt', pkp{ ih p{N gkbP.e/;o L b? gJh sz{ uzrk t/b/ f;o pj[fVnk J/A.fJ;soh L fJj pV/ j[fPnko j[zd/ B/, fiE/ b'eh T[vhe ftZu j'D T[E/ Io{o

g[Zid/ B/.e/;o L uzrk ;r'A ftjb/ pzfdnK ƒ nkjo/ bkJh oZyd/ B/. T[vhe

wfj;{; BjhA j'D fdzd/.w[zvk L phph ih, ;?Avb gkbP eotk bU, fbP^fbP eoB bZr g?Dr/.fJ;soh L fezB/ g?;/ bt/Ark <w[zvk L i' woIh d/ d/Dk.fJ;soh L gfjb'A dZ;, s[;hA b'e fgZS'A MrVk eod/ U.w[zvk L ;ko/ fJZe' fij/ BjhA j[zd/ phph ih.e/;o L fJBQK dh ;?Avb nZXh ;tkoh J/. uwV/ tZb sK d/y Iok e[

nZvh e'b J/ iK c/o E'VQk fijk r{m/ gk;.;/m L ;kok g?o Bzrk ofjzdk J/. (u'o nZy Bkb fJ;soh tZb

t/ydk j?.)e/;o L G?D ih, fJBQK g?;/ X/b/ ƒ jtk BjhA bZrD d/Dh.;/m L Gfbnk b'ek g?;k e'b oZyhdk jh BjhA ;G fpiB?; ’s/ bk

Svhdk J/.e/;o L nzdo'A nzdoh d{D ;tkfJnk j[zdk ofjzdk J/.;/m L nk\o g?;/ B/ jh

g?;/ ƒ ewkT[Dk J/A.fJ;soh L (g?o nZr/ eodh

j'Jh) pj[s uzrkgkbP eodk J/A.d/y' wz{j ftu'A fd;DbZr fgnk J/.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEikB wkoe/ LfwjBs

eoe/pj[fVnk LnkfJnkT[vhe LfJzsIkonkjo/ Lezw^Xzd/fbP^fbP LuweDr{m/ Lnzr{m/d{D ;tkfJnk Ld[rDk, tXDk

42

e/;o L PhPk sK fwb Jh frnk J/. s[;hA j[D w/eng P[o{ eo fdU.(;ko/ jZ; g?Ad/ jB. fJ;soh th e/;o tZb t/y e/w[;eokT[Adh j?)

fJ;soh L pj[s fwjBsh w[zvk J/. fezB/ e[ g?;/ ewk b?Adk J/A <wz[vk L fJj' ih o[fgnk^X/bh.fJ;soh L p;.wz[vk L w?A pj[sk bkbu BjhA eodk ih, p; ch; ’s/ feskpK i'r/ ewk

b?Adk jK. o'Nh i'r/ wK eZgV/ f;T[A e/ ewk b?Adh J/.fJ;soh L (jwdodh Bkb) s/ok fgT[ e'Jh BjhA <w[zvk L BjhA ih gkfe;skB ;w/A esb j' frnk ;h.e/;o L pj[s ;wMdko bVek J/.fJ;soh L fejVh iwks ftZu gVQdk J/A.w[zvk L B"thA iwks ftZu ih.fJ;soh L fejV/ ;e{b ftZu.w[zvk L (jZE Bkb fJPkok eoe/) n"j J/ ih ;kjwD/ ;e{b.fJ;soh L sz{ |h; wk| eotk b?Dh ;h.w[zvk L noIh fdZsh j'Jh J/ gfjbK sK wk| ;h.e/;o L pVk T[dwh bVek J/.w[zvk L pkjob/ w[beK ftZu ftfdnkoEh nkg ewk e/ gVQd/ B/. phph

ih, ;kv/ d/; ftZu ni/ ezw dk ;fseko BjhA.fJ;soh L s/o/ tor/ j'Djko pZu/ Io{o eo d/Dr/ fJE/ th, PkpkP.w[zvk L bU d/y bU phph ih.fJ;soh L (go; ftZu'A g?;/ eZY e/) nkj b? d[nkBh.w[zvk L fwjopkBh ih.fJ;soh L fwjopkBh fejVh rZb dh, sz{ ezw eoe/ g?;/ ewkJ/ B/.;/m L j?A ` d[nkBh ` phph ih s[;hA sK Gkn ftrkV fdZsk J/. w?A

nkg p{N gkbP eotkD/ ;B.fJ;soh L ;/m ih, fdb tZvk oZyDk ukjhdk J/.e/;o L fdb j? Jh feZE/, uoph ftZu ;kok b[fenk fgnk J/.w[zvk L ;/m ih, g?o nZr/ eo', i' woIh d/ d/Dk. (;/m d/ p{NK ƒ jZE

bkT[Adk j?)

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEX/bh LnmZBh

(gzikj g?;/)i'r/ Lr[Iko/

bkfJef;T[A Lf;bkJhnoIh LfpB/̂ gZsoT[dwh Lfjzwshw[beK Ld/;Kd[nkBh Ld' nkB/

(o[gJ/ dknZmtK fjZ;k,fJZe nkB/ftZu S/ g?;/j[zd/ jB)

Gkn Lehws, w[Zbuoph Lwk;

43

;/m L (g?o fgZS/ jNk e/) jN, g?oK ƒ jZE Bk bk, gkg uVQdk J/.

w[zvk L ;/m ih, i'V/ ;k| eoB Bkb ;r'A gkg bZEd/ B/. wB ftZufBwosk t;dh J/. r[odtko/, wzdo BjhA iKd/ s[;hA <

;/m L fijV/ gkg eod/ B/ T[j' wzdo^r[odtko/ iKd/ B/ gkg pyPkT[D.

wz[vk L ;/m ih jZEhA ezw ehs/ fpBK wB fBowb s/ fjodk P[ZX BjhAj' ;edk.

fJ;soh L fezBK ;wMdko bVek j?.

e/;o L ;/m ih, eo fdU g?o nZr/ fejVh o'eVh you j'DbZrh J/.

;/m L sz{ gfjb'A fJBQK d/ gkbP eo d/ w?A ;'u btK.

e/;o L ;/m ih, s[;hA fejV/ BfVBt/A d/ r/V ftZu g? rJ/ U. MZr/ ftZu'AfJZe d[nkBh d/Dh g?Dh J/A.

;/m L d[nkBh < uKdBh u"e ftZu w?A o'I d' g?;/ d/ eotkT[Bk tK.

e/;o L go s[jkv/ p{N gkbP j'fJnK ƒ sK wjhBk j' frnk brdk J/.

w[zvk L ;/m ih, d[nkBh dh s/ gkbP Jh br ikDh J/.

;/m L d' g?;/ b?D/ B/ sK eo d/, BjhA sK w"i eo.

e/;o L ;/m ih, j[D sK ezNo'b pD frnk J/, d[nkBh Jh d/Dh gT[.

;/m L c/o s[;hA feT[A BjhA eotkT[Ad/ <

e/;o L n;hA s[jkv/ tKr ;'uK E'Vk ;'uDhnK B/, b? gJh gfjb'A w/o/eo d/.

w[zvk L fJZE/ oZy' ih.

;/m L i/ n;hA b'e s[jkv/ tKr |I{o youh eohJ/, c/o sK SDed/fcohJ/.

w[zvk L ;/m ih r[Z;k Bk eoBk, s[;hA b'e Xow fgZS/ dkB eo fdzd/U, go fJZe ekw/ ƒ T[jdh wI{oh BjhA d/ ;ed/.

;/m L UfJ, sz{ p{N gkbP eodk J/A fe pfj;.

fJ;soh L ;/m ih, ;Zuh rZb dk r[Z;k Bk eo'. s[;hA b'e dkB g[zB eoe/wzrs/ g?dk eod/ U, go fJZe wId{o ƒ T[jdh wId{oh d/Dƒ fsnko BjhA U.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEi'V/ Lp{N, i[ZshbZEd/ LT[sod/jZEhA LjZEK BkbfBowb L;k|fjodk Lfdbo'eVh Loew, g?;/BfVBt/A d/ r/VLu[ok;h d/

r/V, ;'uKMZr/ ftu'A Le[Vs/ dh

i/p ftZu'AezNo'b Lehws s?n

j' ikDhSDed/ Lykbh iK

ezrkb j'ikJhJ/

ekw/ Lezw eoBtkb/

wI{oh LwId{ohwzrs/ LfGykoh

44

w[zvk L ;/m ih, fJj ezw wzrD Bkb'A jIko doi/ uzrk J/.(;/m r[Z;/ Bkb wz{j d{i/ gk;/ eoe/ yVQk j' iKdk j?)

e/;o L ;/m ih, n?Xo d/y' Iok, fet/A PhP/ tKr uweD bZr gJ/B/, s[jkvh N'gh fJ; ftZu'A ;kc fdZ;D bZr gJh J/.

;/m L (Iok j"bh) feZE/ w{oyK Bkb tkj g? frnk.e/;o L (;[DB fgZS'A ftnzr Bkb) ;/m ih B/ Io{o 1947 s'A pknd N'gh

gkT[Dh P[o{ ehsh j't/rh. uzrk n;{b J/, rzrk rJ/ sK rzrkdk;, iwBk rJ/ sK iwBk dk;.

;/m L Gfbnk b'ek, fJ; N'gh dh \?o^\?ohns Bkb jh sK ;ko/ tgkocbd/ B/ nZiêZbQ.

e/;o L ;/m ih fJ; N'gh Bkb s[;hA g{o/ d/;^Grs bZrd/ U.w[zvk L d/y bU ih p{N.e/;o L pj[s y{p ` b? cV d[nkBh.w[zvk L P[eohnk ` s[;hA th eotk bU ;/m ih.;/m L Uj PkfJd p; nk rJh J/.w[zvk L d/y bU ih p{N.e/;o L T[j sK NoZe J/ ;/m ih ` eok bU p{N Bkb/ bVe/ dh wdd

j' ikt/rh.;/m L feT[A gJh g[rdk Jh ;"dk.e/;o L ;/m ih jo rZb tgkoh bfji/ ftZu eod/ B/.w[zvk L ub' ;/m ih i' woIh J/ d/ fdU.;/m L (y[P j' e/) fJj bVek tkfenk Jh pj[s bkfJe J/. uzrk

tgkoh pD/rk. fpiB; dk f;ZXk n;{b J/, i' g?;k^X/bknkt/, p; yh;/ ftu gkT[D dh eo'.

e/;o L p; i/p ftZu gkJh ikU, jtk Bk btkU.wkJh L phph, w/o/ pZu/ fszB fdB d/ G[Zy/ B/.fJ;soh L (go; ftu'A g?;/ eZY e/) b? wkJh.wkJh L phph, s/ok pZuk iht/. (wkJh ;/m nZr/ jZE eodh j?);/m L wk| eo wkJh, y?jVk th SZv.w[zvk L b? wkJh fJZe nkBk.w[zvk L d/y bU ih p{N.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEtkj Ltk;sky?o y?ohns L;[y ;Kdg[rdk LwBI{obfji/ LnzdkItkfenk Jh Ln;b ftZubkfJe L;wMdkog?;k X/bk Lg?;k, XByh;/ Li/pjtk Bk btkULyou Bk eo'y?jVk LfgZSk

45

e/;o L pVk cI{b you eodk J/ bVek.w[zvk L fJZe rohp jh rohp dk d[Zy ;wM ;edk J/.n\pko tkbk L g/go b? bt', nZi dk g/go.;/m L e'Jh gzikph dk g/go ftyk.

(;/m n\pko b? e/ Gkn tkbk gzBk t/yD bZrdk j?);/m L UJ/ u[zBh bkb.u[zBh bkb L j[ew ;/m ih.w[zvk L d/y bU ih p{N.;/m L wko/ rJ/, T[~ek jh wko/ rJ/.u[zBh bkb L ;'B/̂ uKdh d/ Gkn fvZr gJ/.e/;o L ;/m ih, fJj ;kok s[jkvk e;{o J/, s[;hA y[d Gkn

frokfJnk J/, s[;hA w[zv/ ƒ d[nkBh fdU, ;'B/̂ uKdh d/ Gknth uVQ ikDr/.

;/m L b? pJh gkbP eo d/.w[zvk L g?o fJXo oZy' ih.fJ;soh L 27 Bzpo dh pZ; nk rJh.;/m L 13 Bzpo dh pZ; ƒ eh wko bZr rJh J/.w[zvk L ;/m ih g?;/ fdU.;/m L (fJZe nkBk fdzdk j'fJnk) b? gJh ekek.w[zvk L ;/m ih yokfJs BjhA wzr fojk, fwjBs wI{oh ehsh J/,

nkgDk jZe wzr fojK.;/m L jZe dk pZuk eoB/ p{N gkbP s/ p'bDk T[~uk. ikj bk b?

fijVk s/ok I'o brdk J/, BjhA fdzdk.(wz[v/ d/ p{N e;{sk bZrdk J/ T[j o'D bZrdk J/)

e/;o L fJjB/ eh ftrkfVnk J/ s[jkvk.fJ;soh L e[M j'P s'A ezw b?Dk ukjhdk J/.;/m L s[;hA u[Zg oj' ih.

(fJzB/ ƒ ;e{b dk wk;No s/ d'̂ fszB w[zv/ y/vD tkbh :{BhckowftZu fBebd/ jB.)

wk;No L fePB o'Adk feT[A J/A < eh rZb J/ <fePB L fJjBK B/ w?ƒ wkfonk.

46

n"y/ PpdK d/ noET[~ek Lfpbe[bwko bZr rJhLw[;hps

g? rJhyokfJs LGhye;{sk Lp[oh soQK

;/m L s[jkvk fJ; Bkb eh tk;sk.wk;No L fJj w/o/ ;e{b dk j'Djko bVek J/.;/m L fJj pj[s r[;sk\ J/.w[zvk L w?A nkgDk jZe wzfrnk ;h.e/;o L fJBQK ƒ fJ; rZb dh ;Ik fwbDh ukjhdh J/.wk;No L s[jkvk tes dk joi j't/rk, w/o/ Bkb Iok g[fb; ;N/PB se

ub'. (ub' ;/m ;kjp);/m L ;kv/ sK fgU^dkd/ B/ mkD/ dh Peb BjhA d/yh.bVe/ L wk;No ih j[ew eo' n;hA X{ e/ b? ubhJ/ <;/m L wk;No ih w[nkc eo', i' wdd ukjz[d/ j' bVeh dh eoB ƒ

fsnko jK.e/;o L wk;No ih fijVh rZb gzukfJs sZe BfiZmh ik ;e/ T[j mkD/

ndkbsK ftZu BjhA g[ukDh ukjhdh.wk;No L gzuK dk fejk f;o wZE/.e/;o L ub' ;/m ih bVe/ dh fJZe ;kb dh ch; d/ fdU.;/m L e[M sK fonkfJs eo', ub' nZX'̂ nZX ;jh.fJZe w[zvk L T[j f;gkjh nk fojk fJZXo.;/m L (cs{jh ftu'A ;" dk B'N eZYdk j'fJnk) w/o/ e'b sK pZ; fJj

jh j?.wk;No L fePB cV b? o[gJ/.fJ;soh L wk;No ih, fJj pj[s j'Djko bVek j?, fXnkB oZyDk.wk;No L uZb gJh fePB s?ƒ fyvk fbnkJhJ/.;/m L uZb gJh u[zBh bkb, xo ubhJ/. nZi fdB wzdk J/, ;t/o/̂

;t/o/ Gkn fvr gJ/ s/ J/Xo ez{vk j' frnk.(;ko/ jZ; g?Ad/ B/)

fN~gDhfJ; fJeKrh ftZu ezi{; s/ y[ZbQ/ ;[Gkn tkb/ ftnesh dh wkBf;esk ƒ

g/P ehsk frnk j?. b/ye B/ fJj dZf;nk j? fe fe; soQK Bkb fwjBs eoBtkb/ bVe/ ƒ T[; dh fwjBs dk cb BjhA fdZsk iKdk. d{i/ gk;/ ;wki d/T[~u tor dh gqshfBXsk eodk j'fJnk ;/m id'A nkgD/ Xzd/ ftZu B[e;kB j[zdk

47

n"y/ PpdK d/ noEj'Djko Lj[fPnkor[;sk\ Lubke,

Yhm,wz{j cN

joi LB[e;kBmkD/ Lg[fb;

;N/PB,EkD/

X{ e/ Lx;hN e/BfiZmh LfBp/VhgzuK dk fejkf;o wZE/ LgqtkBcs{jh LewhIfyvk Ly/vDkez{vk LB[e;kB

t/ydk j? sK d'BK jZEK Bkb nkgDk f;o fgNDk P[o{ eo fdzdk j?. id'A ;ko/b'e T[; bVe/ dk ;kE fdzd/ jB sK fco ;/m ƒ M[eDk g?Adk J/. T[; dk wBpdb iKdk j?. ;/m tb'A f;o| feos dk ;fseko jh BjhA ehsk iKdk ;r'AbVe/ dh wkfJe ;jkfJsk th ehsh iKdh j?.


(i) fJeKrh ftZu e[b fezB/ gkso jB < T[BQK pko/ ikDekoh fdU.

(ii) pZ; ;Nkg dk fdqP nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fpnkB eo'.

(iii) fePB e"D j? ns/ T[j eh ezw eodk j? <

(iv) fJeKrh d/ ftP/̂ t;s{ pko/ dZ;'.

(v) e/;o s/ ;/m d/ ;ztkd s'A fe; soQK d/ ftukoK dk gsk brdk j?<

(vi) fJ;soh gkso dh fePB Bkb jwdodh feT[A j? < nkgDk itkp100^125 PpdK ftZu fdU.


(i) y[ZbQ/ s/ szr ftukoK dh g/Pekoh eod/ j'J/ fe;/ j'o ftP/ pko/ fJeKrhfbyD dh e'fPP eo'.

(ii) Bkb'̂ Bkb gVQkJh s/ feos eoB dh fw;kb g?dk eoB tkb/ fe;/ftnesh pko/ ikDekoh Gog{o fJZe b/y fby'.

(iii) pkb^wId{oh fJZe ekƒBh ngokX j?. fJ; d/ pkti{d pZu/ xoK,j'NbK, ;VeK nkfd bJh ezw eoB dh wIp{oh dk fPeko jB.pZfunK s/ wkfgnK ƒ gVQkJh tZb gq/fos eoB bJh fJZe GkPDfsnko eo'.

(iv) nZi eZbQ g[oksB f;ZfenK dk ubD brGr \sw j' frnk j?. g[okD/f;ZfenK ƒ fJeZso eoe/ t/ot/ ;fjs fJZe ukoN fsnko eo'.

(v) eh s[jkƒ ezw eoBk uzrk brdk j?. ftfdnkoEh ihtB ftZu ehs/ikD tkb/ ezwK pko/ t/ot/ Bkb fJZe g'qi?eN fsnko eo'.

48

nH fbzr pdb' L

(i) w[zvk HHH(ii) fJ;soh HH(iii) ;/m HHH(iv) Gok HHH

JH ;wkBkoEe Ppd fby' L

(i) wy"b HHH(ii) T[vhe HHH(iii) wzrsk HHH(iv) \?ohns HHH

;H j/m fby/ tkeK ƒ P[~X eoe/ fby' L

(i) w[zvk p{N gkfbP eod/ jB.(ii) fJ;soh B/ g[ZfSnk w[zvk fejVh iwks ftZu gVQdh j?.(iii) ;/m ih N'gh Bkb s[;hA g{o/ d/P^Grs brdk j?.(iv) gzukfJs ftZu jh c?;bk eo b?D/ ukjhd/ jB.(v) wk;No ih fJj w[zvk pj[s j'Djko ftfdnkoEh jB.

jH j/mK fd~s/ tkeK ft~u'A BKt u[D e/ T[BQK dh fe;w fby' L

(i) p{N gkfbP eoB tkbk w[zvk rohp j?. HHH

(ii) wz[vk p{N gkfbP eodk j?. HHH

(iii) ;'Bk pj[s wfjzrk j' frnk j?. HHH

(iv) w[zv/ ƒ j'Djko fejk frnk j?. HHH

(v) fJeKrh ftZu nwho rohp dk |oe dZf;nk frnk j?.

eH j/m fby/ tkeK ft~u beho/ gVBKtK dhnK fe;wK fby' L

(i) ;/m ih s[;hA nkg w[zv/ ƒ g?;/ fdT[. HHH

(ii) e"D p{N gkbP eo fojk j? < HHH

(iii) T[j wId{oh eod/ jB. HHH

(iv) T[BQK dk ;e{b feZE/ j?. HHH

(v) fijV/ fwjBs eod/ jB T[j ;|b j' iKd/ jB. HHH

49

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fJe ;XkoB nkdwh...fJe ;XkoB nkdwh;zs'y f;zx Xho P\;hns s/ ouBk;zs'y f;zx Xho dk iBw 2 d;zpo, 1920 ƒ ;ojzd B/V/, nkgD/ BkBe/ xo, p;h gmkDK fty/ j'fJnk. T[BQK dk gkbD^g';D BkBfenK s'A