foaY.=Ksl úi÷ula f,i yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jk ol=Kq wdishdfõ fhdackd · 2017-07-28 · rdcmCI uy;df.a jeäÈhqKq l< oaúFj ,sma iys; l¾udka; W÷k 5'4 fkamd,h 59 c,hg

foaY.=Ksl úi÷ula f,i yß; .ïudk

ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jk ol=Kq wdishdfõ fhdackd

f;jk ixialrKh ( 2016" wf.daia;=

foaY.=Ksl úi÷ula f,i yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jk ol=Kq wdishdfõ fhdackd -2016" wf.daia;=

2

foaY.=Ksl úi÷ula f,i yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jk ol=Kq wdishdfõ fhdackd f;jk ixialrKh ( 2016" wf.daia;= fuu m%ldYkh fvkaud¾lfha" ixj¾Okfha kshq;= isú,a iudchkaf.a foaY.=Ksl yd mßir wruqo, ^Claimate and Environment Fund of Civil Society in Development, CISU, Denmark&

wkq.%yfhka yd fvkaud¾l DIB ys iïnJëlrKfhka ls%hd;aul ol=Kq wdishdfõ wvq ldnka"

È<s÷ka i|yd jQ ;sridr yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh i|yd jk idCIs u; mokï jQ WmfoaYk jHdmD;sfhys (Evidence based advocacy for low carbon, pro-poor sustainable "Eco- Village

Development - EVD- project, South Asia) wx.hla f,i iïmdokh flßks'

jHdmD;sfhys fjí wvú( INFORSE - South Asia : http://www.inforse.org/asia/EVD.htm

DIB (Project Coordinator) : http://dib.dk/sydasien/

fuu m%ldYkfhys ^bx.S%is& úoHq;a msgm; my; wvúfhka nd.; yel( http://www.inforse.org/asia/pdf/pub_EVD-southAsia.pdf

http://www.inforse.org/asia/pdf/pub_EVD-southAsia.pdf


3

foaY.=Ksl úi÷ula f,i yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jk

ol=Kq wdishdfõ fhdackd

mgqk mßÉfþoh msgq wxlh o< úYaf,aIKh iy idrdxYh 05 1 foaY.=Ksl úi÷ula f,i ol=Kq wdishdfõ yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh 07

1'1 ikao¾Nh ( oßø;djh" ixj¾Okh yd foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi 07 1'2 ol=Kq wdishdfõ n,Yla;s wNsfhda. 08 1'3 n,Yla;Ska u`yska jk yß;d.dr jdhq (GHG) úfudapkh yd 09

iyiïnJO ;¾ck 1'4 wvq ldnka .uka u`.l wjYH;dj 10 1'5 úl,am wka;¾ m%;s,dN ud¾. i|yd úi÷ï ( È<s÷ka wrNhd jQ 11 yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh 1'6 È<s÷ka wrNhd jQ yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh i|yd jk wNsfhda. 12

2 yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh 14 2'1 ixl,amh 14

2'2 jeo.;alu 15 2'3 m%dfoaYSh ixúOdk flaJø lr .ekSu 18 2'4 úi÷ï(- mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKh 18

msiSï WmlrK (.Dyia: Ôjjdhq moaO;s" jeäÈhqKq l< msisk W÷ka" Tnfudn f.k hd yels msisk W÷ka" .%dóh .Dyia: l¾udka; i|yd jeäÈhqKq l< uydmßudK ÔjialJO W÷ka úÿ,sh(iQ¾hn, ,dïmq" jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda," yhsfv%d,sla ?ï fmdïmh lDIsl¾udka;h iy wdydr ksIamdokh(ldnksl f.dú;ek iy uqM;ekaf.h wdYs%; f.j;= j.dj" ldnksl fldïfmdaiaÜ ;ekSfï l+v" mshis u;ska jeis c,h /ia lsÍu" .Dyia: iQ¾hn, úh,kh" yß;d.dr ls%hd;aul lsÍfuka Tíng

3 uyd mßudKfhka ;sridr .ïudk ìys lsÍu i|yd wjYH ls%hdud¾. 26 3'1 m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhska i|yd ud¾. Igyk 26 3'2 o=l=Kq wdishd l,dmh i|yd ks¾foaY 27 3'3 cd;Hka;r ks¾foaY 37 4 .ïjeishkag jqjukd fudkjdo@ 37

4'1 bkaÈhdj 37

wdodhï bmeoaoùu ( ldka;djka n, .ekaùu

wdydr iqrCIs;;djh 4'2 nx.a,dfoaYh 39

n,Yla;Ska i|yd m%fõYh


4

wdrCIs; n,Yla;s i|yd m%fõYh

4'3 fkamd,h 40

Ôjfkdamdh mqyqKqj

ldka;djka iún, .ekaùu i|yd mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

4'4 YS% ,xldj 40

n,Yla;s ;Sj%;dj wvq lsÍu iy úhoï wvq lsÍu

n,Yla;s ld¾hCIu;djh iy ;dCIK mejreu

4'5 ol=Kq wdishdj 44

ÑñKs iys; ld¾CIu msisk W÷ka 5 foaYSh id¾:lFj l:d 44

5'1 nx.a,dfoaYh 44

l=wdlgd fjr<dikak m%foaYfhys iQ¾h n,Yla;s iys; fmdl=re ksjdi

iQ¾h n,Yla;sh iys; uksla.dkaÊ Èia;s%lalfha fldajduqß .ïudkh

5'2 bkaÈhdj 48

uqflaIa iy Tyqf.a yß;d.drh

ìï,d iy wef.a iQ¾hn, úh<kh

mQ¾KSfoaùf.a mshiafika jeis c, /ia lsÍfï jHqyh'

lsã foaúf.a fldïfmdaiaÜ l+vh iy Ôj jdhq cklh

5'3 YS% ,xldj 56

O¾ur;ak uy;df.a jeäÈhqKq l< .fvd,a fmdarKqj

rdcmCI uy;df.a jeäÈhqKq l< oaúFj ,sma iys; l¾udka; W÷k

5'4 fkamd,h 59

c,hg m%fõYhla iy jeäÈhqKq l< ikSmdrCIdj i|yd yhsfv%d,sla ?ï fmdïm ^yhsv%Eï&

iska¥,s Èia;s%lalfhys úÿ,sn,h i|yd jQ jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda,

IWME úiska cks; lrkq ,enQ wjfYaI wdodhï bmeoaoùfï bvm%ia:d

we÷ï ueiSu i|yd wdf,dalh" ãi,a wUreï hka;%h m%;sia:dmkh lsÍu flá fhÿï 66 yjq,alrejkaf.a kdu f,aLkh 67


5

ye¢kaùu mdßißl úkdYh iy yß;d.dr jdhq úfudapkh wvq lrk w;ru ld,.=K úm¾hdihg wjia:dkql+,j ksis ls%hdud¾. .ekSug iy .%dóh Ôjfkdamdh ud¾. jeäÈhqKq lr .ekSug yels m%dfoaYSh úi÷ï fuu m%ldYkfhka yqjd olajhs' fuh ^CANSA - Climate Action Network- South Asia& ol=Kq wdishd foaY.=Ksl ls%hdldrlï cd,h" ÎNSEDA from

India- Integrated Sustainable Energy & Ecological Development Association& taldnoaO ;sridr n,Yla;s yd mdßißl

úoHd ixj¾Ok ixúOdkh" ol=Kq wdishdj" f,iskau ^Grameen Shakthi- Bangladesh & nx.,dfoaYfha .%dóka

n,Yla;s" ^CRT/N - Center for Rural Technology, Nepal& fkamd,fha .%dóh ;dCIK flaJøh" ÎDEA/ Sri Lanka-

Integrated Development Association& YS% ,xldfõ taldnoaO ixj¾Ok ix.uh iy ^ WAFD/India& bkaÈhdfõ

ixj¾Okh i|yd ldka;d ls%hdldßFjh hk wdh;kj, iyfhda.SFjfhka ÎNFORSE, The International Network for

Sustainable Energy& wka;¾cd;sl ;sridr n,Yla;s cd,h úiska iïmdokh lrkq ,eîh'

fndfyda fokl= fuu m%ldYkh i|yd odhlFjh ,nd ÿks' Tjqkaf.a ta iEu odhlFjhla i|ydu wmf.a ia;=;shs mqo lruq' f;jk ixialrKh" 2016 wf.daia;= ixialdrjre ( lù;d uhs,aia" INFORSE - South Asia iy INSEDA, India

.=kd¾ fndafha ´,sika" INFORSE uyf,alï ld¾hd,h

rdcH$ l<dmh wod, mßÉfþo ixialrKh( fkamd,h ( .fkaIa rdï fY%IaGd iy ksrdÊ fY%IaGd" CRT

bkaÈhdj( f¾ukaâ uhs,aia " iÍka uhs,aia WAFD

YS% ,xldj ( ÿñ÷ fyar;a" IDEA

nx.,dfoaYh ( tï' fudyuÿ,a yidka" Grameen Shakthi

ol=Kq wdishdj ( wkqma mQkshd" CANSA

ixialrK Wmfoia ( ,sfla je,kaáka DIB; cQä;a fidf,ials INFORSE uyf,alï ld¾hd,h

NdId Wmfoia( kslS *jq,¾ ieleiau( §msld ;ñ,afp,ajï" INFORSE f,alï ld¾hd,h

PdhdrEm iemhSu( odhlFj wdh;k u`.sks¦ CRT ^fkamd,h&" IDEA ^YS% ,xldj&" WAFD ^bkaÈhdj&" INSEDA ^bkaÈhdj&

.%dñka Yla;s ^nx.a,dfoaYh& iy INFORSE

isxy, mßj¾;kh ( kS,a fyar;a isxy, ixialrK iydh (ÿñ÷ fyar;a" IDEA

mß.Kl msgq ieliqu ( fïkld uOQ ú;dkf.a " IDEA

fuu m%ldYkh fvkaud¾lfha" ixj¾Okfha kshq;= isú,a iudchkaf.a foaY.=Ksl yd mßir wruqo, ^Claimate and

Environment Fund of Civil Society in Development, CISU, Denmark& wkq.%yfhka yd fvkaud¾l DIB ys

iïnJëlrKfhka ls%hd;aul ol=Kq wdishdfõ wvq ldnka" È<s÷ka i|yd jQ ;sridr yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh i|yd jk idCIs u; mokï jQ WmfoaYk jHdmD;sfhys (Evidence based advocacy for low carbon, pro-poor sustainable "Eco-

Village Development - EVD- project, South Asia) wx.hla f,i iïmdokh flßks'

jHdmD;sfhys fjí wvú( INFORSE - South Asia : http://www.inforse.org/asia/EVD.htm

DIB (Project Coordinator) : http://dib.dk/sydasien/

fuu m%ldYkfhys ^bx.S%is& úoHq;a msgm; my; wvúfhka nd.; yel( http://www.inforse.org/asia/pdf/pub_EVD-southAsia.pdf

http://www.inforse.org/asia/pdf/pub_EVD-southAsia.pdf


6

ysñlu ( fuys f;dr;=re Ndú;d lrkak' tu f;dr;=re m%ldYkfhka Wmqgd .;a nj i|yka lsÍug ldreKsl jkak'

idrdxYh

È.= ld,Sk j¾Okhlsska iy oßø;djfhys wvq ùula iys;j jQjo ol=Kq wdishdj ;jÿrg;a f.da,Sh ÿ.S mßudfjka jeä fldgilg ksjyk jkafkah' WodyrKhla f,i fuu l<dmfhys ñ,shk 433 m%udKhlg úÿ,sh i|yd m%fõYhla fkdue;' ÿ.S nj ;=rka lsÍu i|yd iy Ôjk ;;aFjh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd há;, myiqlï" wOHdmkh iy fi!LHh jeks w;HdjYH fmdÿ fiajdjka iemhSu i|yd wd¾Ól j¾Okhla wjYH jkafkah' idOH foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihkag wkqj¾;kh ùfï l%fudamdhka i|yd fyd|u ud¾.h läkï yd ;sridr ixj¾Okh jk w;r" ta ;=< n,Yla;s mßfNdackh iu`. we;s idïm%odhsl iïnJO;djh ;=<ska foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi iukh i|yd wNsfhda. u;= lsÍfï yelshdj we;af;ah' n,Yla;s b,aa u imqrd .ekSu i|yd f*dis, bkaOk wdkhk u; fndfyda fihska r\ meje;Su fuu l,dmfhys ixj¾Okh i|yd jk tla wod, wjysr;djhls' fï wkqj l,dmfhys rdcH wd¾Ólhka ksrka;r f*dis, bkaOk ñ, wvq jeäùu yuqfõ uy;a wjodkulg m;a lrkq ,nhs' ixj¾Okh i|yd wjYHjk idïm%odhsl n,Yla;Ska wrmsßueiafuka fhdod .ekSfuka fuu wNsfhda. imqrd .ekSug yelsjkq we;' n,Yla;s ld¾hCIu;djh iy ixrCIKh" wvq ldnka úÿ,sh iy n,Yla;s m%fNao ñY%kh mqk¾ckkSh m%Nj fj; keUqre ùu hk fïjd o=l=Kq wdishdfõ ish`Mu rdcHhkayS jdhq úfudapk lmamdÿj idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd jk m%Odk l=`MKq ;=k f,i y÷kdf.k we;' CIqø c, úÿ,sh" iQ¾h n,h" iq<x n,h" Ôj jdhq n,h hkdÈ mqk¾ckkSh yd ;sridr n,Yla;s m%Nj" n,Yla;s ñY%kfhys jeä jYfhka fhdod .ekSu ol=Kq wdishdfõ n,Yla;s wkd.;h ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd flakaøSh jkq we;' m%dfoaYSh uÜgfuka" fuu úi÷ï yß; .ïudk ixj¾Ok ÊVD& l%fudamdh ;=< wjfYaI ;sridr ixj¾Ok úi÷ï iu`. taldnoaO l<

yel' fïjkúg§;a ish`Mu ol=Kq wdishd;sl rdcHj, l=vd mßudK" n,Yla;s ld¾hCIu" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKsl úi÷ï ls%hd;aul lsÍfï§ hï id¾:lFjhka ,nd we;' fuu id¾:lFjhka wjeis f,i fhdod .ksñka fjk;a ia:dkj,§ o ls%hd;aul lsÍu isÿl, yelsh' fuu RET úi÷ï bÈßm;a lsÍfï yelshdjkays we;s ndOl jkqfha cd;sl foaYmd,k rduqj ;=<

ixj¾Okh i|yd jk wruqo,a fukau l,dmSh yd cd;Hka;r jHqyhka ;=<ska wruqo,a imhd .ekSuh' ol=Kq wdishdfõ wvq jdhq úfudapkh iys; ixj¾Okhla idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd hym;a foaYSh m%;sm;a;shla iy wruqo,a yd ;dCIKh imhd .ekSu i|yd cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;djho wjYH jkafkah' ful, m%d:ñlj m%j¾Okh flfrk uOH.; úi÷ïj,g wur;j" m%;s,dNSkaf.a iyNd.SFjho iys;j jk yß; .ïudk ixj¾Ok EVD úi÷ï jeks fjk;a úuOH.; ixj¾Ok

úi÷ï o fu i|yd wjYH jkq we;' ñ, wêl fkdjk" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKh yd .ïudkj, ld,.=K úm¾hdilg wkq.;ùu yd iukh i|yd Odß;d j¾Ok ls%hdldrlï EVD ys§ iïnJO lr.kq ,nhs' th

ks¾udK yd ls%hd;aul lsÍfï wÈhrj,§ m%cd idudðlhskaf.a mQ¾K iyNd.sFjh ,nd .kakdjQ iyfhda.s;d m%fõYhla wka;¾.; jQjls' fmr isg mej; tk .ïudk ;=< ixj¾Okh flaJø lr.;a wvq ldnka m,mqreoaola iys; m%cd Èú meje;aula we;s lsÍu msKsi EVD taldnoaO

m%fõYhla jkafkah' fuu m,mqreÿ fmdÈhg l=vd .Dyia: mßudfõ Ôj jdhq ckkhka" wvq ÿu iys; W÷ka" iQ¾h n,Yla;s ;dCIKh îQ¾h n, úc,k fuj,ï& jeks iukh lsÍfï ;dCIK


7

wka;¾.; jk w;r jeäÈhqKq l< ldnksl f.dú;ek" mshis u;ska jeis c,h /ia lsÍu iy fjk;a wkq.; lr.; yels ;dCIKhka we;=<;a jkafkah' fuys ixl,amh wvq úhoï" È<skaoka i|yd jQ m%p,s; l< yels" wdodhï Wmoaok" ld,.=Kh ms<sn| wjOdkh fokq ,nk iy ia:dksl wmøjHh fukau yß;d.dr jdhq úfudapkh wvq" úi÷ï Ndú;d lsÍu b,lal lrhs' ìï uÜgfï isg by<g ls%hd;aul lsÍu" nyq md¾Yajlrejka iys; m%fõYh" ia;S% mqreI mqñ;sß Ndjh m%Odk m%fõYh lr .ekSu iy fhda.H wjia:djkays§ ;dCIK yqjudre lr .ekSï we;=<;aj we;s w;ru ia:dkSh wjYH;d iy ;;aFjhkg wkq.; l< yels úi÷ï o fuu ixl,amhg we;=<;a jkafkah' EVD ixl,amh ueÈfldg.;a ixj¾Okh u,aM, .ekaùug kï" úuOH.; úi÷ï ls%hd;aul

lsÍfuys,d WmldÍjk m%;sm;a;Ska wjYH jkafkah' ta iu`.u jeä ÈhqKq l< msisk W÷ka ^,sma& jeks wvq úhoï iyk úi÷ï fj; wjOdkh fhÈh hq;=h' fuh idCId;a lr .eksu i|yd md,k ;ka;%h wo mj;akd uÜgug jvd foaY.=K ;;aFjhka fjkiaùï flfrys jvd;a ishqïj yd j.lSulska isáh hq;=h' fuu m%;sm;a;s m%dfoaYsl yelshdjka j¾Okh lsÍu" foaY.=K ;;aFjhkg Wmhqla; ùu yd ixfõ§ ùu iy fjk;a M, m%fhdack ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= w;r ueoy;au lreKla jYfhka ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh m%Odk m%jdyhg f.k tau m%Odk m%fõYh f,i .ekSug fhduq úh hq;=h' .%dóh m%cdjkag myiqfjka m%fõY úh yels —l=vd ;dCIK wruqo,la˜ uQ,H m%;smdok ;=< wka;¾.; úh hq;=h' ol+qKq wdishdj ;=< fndfyda m%;sm;a;s ks¾foaYhka taldldr jqjo" tajdfha cd;sl fjkialï mj;S' WodyKhla f,i úfYaIfhka bkaÈhdjg jqjukd flfrkafka wjYH;djhka yd uQ,H m%;smdok jHqyhka ir, lsÍula jk w;r fkamd,hg úl,am Ôjfkdamdhka i|yd Wmldrhla f,i ldnksl wdydr iy;sl lsÍfï wjYH;djh we;' ol=Kq wdishd l<dmSh uÜgfuka fukau cd;Hka;r jYfhkao foaY.=K wruqo,a m%dfoaYSh úi÷ï i|yd wkq.%yh ,nd Èh hq;= w;r ;dCIKh mejÍu myiq lsÍu i|yd ;dCIK yqjudre hdka;%k meje;sh hq;=h' m%dfoaYSh úi÷ï flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l<fyd;a" bÈßfha§ meñKSug kshñ; foaY.=K tl`.;djhka u; yß; foaY.=K wruqo, ^Green Climate Fund& iy UNFCCC foaY.=Ksl

;dCIK uOHia:dkh yd cd,hg jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhka bgq lsÍug yelsjkq we;' m%;sm;a;s ks¾foaYhkag wu;rj fuu m%ldYkh ol=Kq wdishdfõ .ïudkj, m%cdjf.a wjYH;djka fudkjdo hkakg WodyrK iy l,dmh ;=< yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh lsÍfï ixl,amh i|yd mdol jqkq id¾:lFjhka ms<sn|j f,aLk.; f;dre;=re o f.k tkq ,nhs'


8

mßÉfþoh 1 foaY.=Ksl úi÷ula f,i ol=Kq wdishdfõ yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh

1'1 ikao¾Nh( oßø;djh" ixj¾Okh yd foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi ol=Kq wdishdj È.= ld,hla mqrd Yla;su;a wd¾Ól j¾Okhla w;aÿgq w;r 2015 jir i|yd 7]la jQ j¾Ok fõ.hla ,nd we;' fuh 2016 jif¾§ 7'4] j¾Okhla njg m%lafIamkh lr we;' ^f,dal nexl=j 2015& fuu Yla;su;a j¾Okh hï;dla ÿrg oßø;djfha wjmd;hlg iy is;a .kakd iqM udkj ixj¾Okfha jeä ÈhqKq ùulg ;=vq § we;' f,dal nexl=jg wkqj Èklg $1'25g wvq uqo,lska Ôú;h f.jQ ck m%;sY;h jir 1981 iy 2008 w;r ld<h ;=< 61] isg 36]

olajd wvqù we;' fïjk úg§ ol=Kq wdishdfõ È<skaokaf.a m%;sY;h 1981 jißka miq fjk;a lsisu ld,hlg jvd wvq ù we;' ta flfia fj;;a ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk f,dalfha fndfyda È<skaoka yg ksjyk ù we;af;a ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmhhs' WodyrKhla f,i wms%ldfõ È<s÷u rdcHhka 26 ys Ôj;ajk ÿ.S ck;djg jvd jeä ÿ.shka ixLHdjla bkaÈhdfõ m%dka; 8l Ôj;a fõ (UNDP- Human Development Report,

2010)'

ol=Kq wdishdfõ ì,shk 1'56 ck;dj n,Yla;s" ikSmdrCIdj" wdrCIs; mdkSh c,h" fmdaIKh iy fi!LHh fiajdjka lrd ,`.dùug fjr orhs (UNDP, 2014) foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihka fya;=fjka

jir 2050 jk úg§ bkaÿ- .x.d ksïkj, ;dm wd;;sh fya;=fjka Wiia wiajekakla iys; ;sß`.= j.d ìï m%udKh 50]lska wvqù hd yels fya;=fjka fuu ;;aFjh ;jÿrg;a W.% jkq we;' by< hk uqyqÿ uÜgu ksid .s,aug ,laùu fya;=fjka bkaÈhdfõ iy nx.a,dfoaYfha ù f.dú;ek flfrk m%foaYj, wdydr- fNda. M,odhS;dj flfryso fuu ;;aFjh n,j;a f,i n,mEï isÿ lrkq we;' È<s÷ ck;dj fmdÿfõ mßfNdackhg .kakd nvbß`.= yd fida.ï wiajkq o wkq ms<sfj,ska 16]lska iy 11]lska wvq úh yelsh' fuu ;;aFjh nyq mßudK oßø;djh uq,skqmqgd oeófï iy foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihkaf.a uyd úm;a;sodhl n,mEïj,ska jvd;a mSvdjg m;aúh

rEmigyk 1'1 - .%dóh bkaÈhdfõ idïm%odhsl or ,sm


9

yels ck;dj wdrCId lsÍu ms<sn|j oejeka; j.lSu orkakd jQ ol=Kq wdishd;sl rdcHj,g uy;a ysßyerhla úh yelsh'

1'2 ol=Kq wdishdfõ n,Yla;s wNsfhda.

n,Yla;s m%fõYh oeßh yels n,Yla;s m%Njhka i|yd m%fõYh" ck;dj oßø;djfhka Tijd ;eîfï idOlhla fukau fi!LHh iydh" wOHdmkh" ikSmdrCIdj" msßisÿ c,h" wdydr iqrCIs;;djh iy /lshdjka iemhSu i|yd wjYH há;, myiqlï o Wmoaojhs' j¾;udk wd¾Ól j¾Okh iu`. ol=Kq wdishd l<dmh ;=<o n,Yla;s mßfNdackfhys läkï j¾Okhla ksÍCIKh fõ' lreKq tfia jqjo l<dmh yryd ñ,shk 433 ck;djg úÿ,s n,h fkdue;s w;r ñka bkaÈhdfõ muKla ñ,shk 306la fõ (World Energy Outlook, 2013).

n,Yla;s wld¾hCIu;dj" wkdrCIs; nj iy rdcH uQ,H ys.h n,Yla;s wld¾hCIu;dj" wkdrCIs; nj iy rdcH uQ,H ys.h yd wld¾hCIu ksIamdok l%u fya;=fjka ol=Kq wdishdj ;=< o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhys (GDP) iEu fvd,rhlskau fjk;a

l<dmhlg jvd wêl m%udKhlska n,Yla;sh mßfNdckh lrhs' uqyqKmd we;s jeäjk n,Yla;s b,aü yuqfõ ol=Kq wdishdfõ wld¾hCIu n,Yla;s moaO;sh" wdkhksl wêl ñ, iy mdßißlj ;sridr fkdjkakd jQ n,Yla;s m%Njj,ska .=Kdx.SlrKh ù we;' th .,a w`.=re" f;,a" ;sridr fkdjkakd jQ oej bkaOk iy iajdNdúl .Eia u; r\ mj;S' fï jljdkqfõ§ fndfyda fihska wdkhksl f*dis, bkaOk u; hemSu fya;=fjka l<dmfha wmkhkj,ska jeä m%udKhla fï i|yd Wlyd .kS' óg jir lSmhlg fmr§" iduQyslj .;al, ol=Kq wdishdj f,dalfha ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk l<dmhka w;=frka jeäu WoaOuk wkqmd;hla iys; l<dmh úh' f;,a ñ, wvq ùu fya;=fjka uE; ld<fha§ fuu ;;aFjh my; nei wvqu WoaOuk wkqmd;h iys; l<dm w;rg m;aj we;' f;,a ñ, yd WoaOukh w;r we;s fï meyeÈ,s iïnJOh l<dmh n,Yla;s u; r\ meje;afï m%udKh yqjd olajhs' fuu rdcHhka mdßfNda.slhska yg oejeka; f;,a iykdOdr ,nd§u fya;=fjka f*dis, bkaOk ñ, úp,khka" l<dmfha rdcH uQ,H ys.ho jeäùug fya;=fõ' fmdÿ uyckhdg n,Yla;Ska jvd;a oeßh yels ;;aFjhg m;a lsÍu i|yd iykdOdr Ndú;d lrk w;ru WoaOukh md,kh lsÍu ^fndfydaúg f;,a ñ, by< oeóu ;=<ska& i|yd jk jeh" l<dmfha rdcHhkaf.a rchkaf.a úhoïj,g tlafõ' fuh t;rï idOH ;;aFjhla fkdjkafkah' th rfÜ wdodhï yd úhoï w;r wys;lr wiu;=,s;;djhla we;s fldg rdcH NdKavd.dr msßjeh jeä lrhs' WodyrKhla f,i nx.a,dfoaYfha 2013 jir i|yd n,Yla;s iykdOdr úhou fvd,¾ ì,shk 1'9la (USD 1.9 billion) jQ w;r bkaÈhdj 2014 jif¾§ fvd,¾ ì,shk 20 (USD 20 billion)

blau jQ uqo,la jeh lr we;'

n,Yla;s m%Nj wmú;% lsÍu wmf.a n,Yla;s ixl,kfhys wê ldnka f*dis, bkaOk i|yd we;s m%uqLFjh" mj;skakd jQ taldldÍ ixj¾Ok rgdfjys úYañ; fjkila isÿ fkdjqkfyd;a" tfiau mj;skq we;' fuu bkaOk ,nd .ekSug we;s myiqj mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;Skaf.a Ndú;hg m%Odk wjysr;djhlaj we;'


10

WodyrKhla f,i ol=Kq wdishdj ;=< b;d nyq,j mj;skakd jQ f*dis, bkaOkh .,a w`.=re jk w;r f,dj f;jk úYd, .,a w`.=re ksIamdol rg jkafka bkaÈhdjhs' rg wNHka;r ixÑ;j,ska fukau idfmaCIj myiqfjka yd oeßh yels ñ,lska ,nd.; yels wdkhksl .,a w`.=re mßir úkdYldÍ jqjo mj;akd taldldÍ ixj¾Ok rgdjka ;=< f;dard.;a úl,am bkaOkh f,i mj;ajd .kq we;' bkaÈhdfõ we;s w;s úYd, ixÑ;j, .,a w`.=rej, b;d by< w`M mßudjla we;s w;r wvq le,ß w.hlao iys;h' fï wkqj mj;akd .,a w`.=re wld¾hCIu jk w;r tajd jeä ¥IKhlao W;amdokh lrhs' bkaÈhdjg Tjqkaf.a .,a w`.=rej, .=Kd;aulNdjfha wvq nj ksidu l=vd mßudK wmkhklrejl= ùug jeä hula l< fkdyels w;r îdïm%odhslj wi,ajdiS rgj,a jk nx.a,dfoaYh" fkamd,h yd N+;dkh& Tjqkaf.a wjYH;djka i|yd m%Odk jYfhka íafÜ%,shdj" Ökh" bkaÿkSishdj iy ol=Kq wms%ldj jeks rgj,ska .,a w`.=re úYd, m%udKhla wdkhkh lr .ekSug j. n,d .kS' ñ,§ .ekSfï yelshd iudkd;au;dj (PPP- Purchasing Power parties) moku u;" ol=Kq wdishdfõ

n,Yla;s ;Sj%;djh" tlai;a ckmoh yd Ökh we;=<;ajQ f,dal idudkHhg jvd wvqh' n,Yla;s ;Sj%;djh jdKsc bkaOk u; mokïfõ' fuu wvq ixLHdj,skao ms<sìUq jkafka iudkqmd;slj jeä m%udKhla jQ jdKsc fkdjk n,Yla;shhs' WodyrK( idïm%odhsl ffcj ialJO wdÈh'

1'3 n,Yla;Ska u`.ska jk yß;d.dr jdhq (GHG) úfudapkh yd iyiïnJO ;¾ck

ñksid úiskau Wmoaok ,o yß;d.dr jdhq (GHG) úfudapkh i|yd úYd,u odhlhd jkafka

f*dis, bkaOk oykh iy l¾udka; ls%hdj,Skah' fuu m%Yakh ms<sn|j f,dj ms<s.;a úoHd;aul wêldßh jk foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi ms<sn| wka;¾ wdKavq n, uKav,h (The Intergovernmental

Panel & Climate Change- IPCC) Tjqkaf.a 5jeks ;lafiare jd¾;dfjys (AR5, 2014) ks.ukh lr

we;s mßÈ 21jeks Y; j¾Ih wjidkh jk úg" f.da,Sh u;=msg WIaKFjh fjkiaùu 20C lg wvq

Wiq,d .; yels m%udKhg jvd jeä, 30C la blau jQ w.hla jkafkah' fïjk úg§;a isÿjkakd jQ

rEm igyk 1'2 ( Ôj jdhq n,Yla;sh i|yd úNj;djh ^yelshdj&


11

0.8 0C fyda Bg jeä jQ f.da,Sh idudkH WKqiqï ùu fya;=fjka j¾Idm;kh yd ld,.=K rgdjka

fjkia ùug mgkaf.k we;s w;r" lDIs l¾udka;fhys w,dNydks" iq<s iq<x iy c, .e,Sï b;d iq,Nj;a ;Sj%j;aj yg .ekSu fukau jd¾;d.; WIaKFjh by< hEu;a isÿ jkafkah' jd¾;d ;nd .ekSï werUqKq 1880 jif¾ isg fï olajd jd¾;d ù we;s WIaKdêlu jir jkafka 2015 jirhs' Bg fmr mej;s WIaKdêlu jir 2014 ksid;a fndfyda ;lafiarejkg wkqj 2016 jir 2015 jir wNsnjd hñka lrorldÍ m%jK;djhla i|yd fõÈldj ilik nj fmfka' IPCC fha ks¾foaYh jkafka f.da,Sh WKqiqï ùu 20C jvd wvq uÜgul r|jd .ekSu i|yd jir

2050 iy 2070 w;r ld,h ;=<§ ish`Mu rgj,a yß;d.dr jdhq GHG úfudapkh CO2 iy fjk;a

jdhq& Y=oaO Y+kH uÜgulg m;al, hq;= njhs' tfiau ldnka uOHia:dj kñkao y÷kajkq ,nk" Y=oaO Y+kH jdhq úfudapkhka jdhqf.da,hg tl;= lrkq ,nk ldnka m%udKh tf,iskau bj;a lsÍuo b,lal lrhs' fuu ;;aFjh ieuf.a n,Yla;s ixl,khkaf.a úma,ùh úm¾hdihla n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' oekg th iukaú; jkafka jeä jYfhka f*dis, bkaOkj,ska ksid mqk¾ckkSh m%Nj fj; oeä úYajdihlska hq;=j keUqre ùu w;HdjYHh' óg wu;rj jkdka;r jeks ldnka nyq, ia:dko fõ' md,kh lr wvq lsÍfï mshjr fkdue;s ùfuka yß;d.dr jdhq úfudapkh jir 2010g idfmaCIj jir 2050 jk úg§ fo.=K fyda we;eïúg f;.=K ù WIaKFjh udkj YsIagdpdrhg ord .ekSug b;d wmyiq uÜgulg by< hkq we;' fï wkqj uyd mßudK wd¾Ól yd n,Yla;s úm¾hdihla ish`Mu rgj,a i|yd wjYH jkafkah' uE; ld,Sk wd¾Ól j¾Okfhys j¾Okh iy n,Yla;s i|yd jeäjk b,a fuys m%;sM,hla f,i ol=Kq wdishdfõ yß;d.dr jdhq úfudapkh jd¾Islj jeä fjñka mj;S' bkaÈhdj l<dmSh úfudapkfhka 75]lg j. lshhs' AR 5 jd¾;dj foaY.=K úm¾hdi wksis n,mEï fya;=fjka jeä

jYfhkau mSvdjg ,laùfï m%jk;dj we;s f,fjys tla l<dmhla f,i ol=Kq wdishdj kï lrhs' È<skaoka b;du;a W.% n,mEï w;a ú¢kq we;' f.da,Sh o< WIaKFjh by< hEu 20C jvd wvqfjka iSud lsÍu iuia: f.da,Sh yß; jdhq (GHG)

úfudapkh flfrys oeä iSudjka mkjkq we;' oeßh yels ñ,lg n,Yla;s b,aü imqrd .ekSu" f*dis, bkaOk u; hemSu wvq lsÍu iy GHG úfudapkh wvq lsÍu i|yd hk bÈß .ufka§ wm

ieu uy;a wNsfhda.hkg ,lajkq we;' n,Yla;s wdkhkh lrkakd jQ ol=Kq wdishdj jeks l<dmhla i|yd jvd;a foaYSh" msßisÿ n,Yla;s m%Njhka iy wvq wdkhk ixj¾OK l%fudamdhla Ndú;fhka" n,Yla;s wdkhkh wdYs%; wd¾Ól .eg`Mj,ska f;dr jQ ia:djr ixj¾Okhlg odhl úh yel' tlu ;sridr" È.= ld,Sk úi÷u jkafka" yß; wvq ldnka úi÷ï fhdod.;a mßir ixfõ§ .uka u`.ls'

1'4 wvq ldnka .uka u`.l wjYH;dj È<s÷lu msgq oelSu" jeäjk ck .yKh i|yd /lshd iemhSu iy fmdÿfõ uyck;djf.a Ôjk ;;aFjfha .=Kd;aul nj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd ol=Kq wdishdj jirlg 8] isg 10] olajd jQ wd¾Ól j¾Ok fõ.hla oYl 2 isg 3 olajd mj;ajd .ekSu wjYH fõ' há;, myiqlï" wOHdmkh iy fi!LHh fiajdj jeks w;HdjYH fmdÿ fiajdjka iemhSu fukau M,odhS /lshd wjia:d we;s lsÍu i|yd;a wd¾Ól j¾Okh wjYHh' jeäjk ck.yKhla iy iSñ; iajdNdúl


12

iïm;a iu`. wd¾Ól j¾Okh wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hEfï§ iajdNdúl iïm;aj, iy mßirh u; uy;a wd;;shla megfjkq we;' ol=Kq wdishdfõ ;sridr ixj¾Okhg m%Odk ;¾ckh u;= jkafka n,Yla;s mßyrKh fukau bka ksl=;a flfrk GHG úfudapkhkah'

kjuq ;dCIKhka iy ls%hdj,Ska ;=<ska n,Yla;s ld¾hCIu;dj jeä lsÍu u`.ska fiau mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;Ska jeä jYfhka Ndú;d lsÍfuys m%;sM,hla f,iska úfudapk wvq lsÍfï m%jk;djh jeä lsÍu ;=<ska jdhq úfudapkh wjur lr uu wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK Èh yels jkq we;'

1'5 úl,am wka;¾ m%;s,dN ud¾. i|yd úi÷ï( È<s÷ka wrNhd jQ

yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh ixj¾Okh ;yjqre lrñka" wd¾Ólh ÿUqM bj;a lr msßmyÿ lr .ekSu msKsi ol=Kq wdishdfõ m%;sm;a;s ilia lrkakka úiska È<ska|ka i|ydu jQ kj Wmdh ud¾. fj; wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h' .%dóh È<s÷ m%cdj i|yd ;sridr" oeßh yels n,Yla;s" wê ldnka iys; f*dis, bkaOk wdkhkh wvq lsÍu iy foaYSh ieugu fmdÿ yß;lrKh wd§ka wvq ldnka n,Yla;s wkd.;hla fj; .uka lroaÈ ,efnk m%;s,dNj,g we;=<;ah' fuhg úi÷u jkafka ñ, wêl fkdjk" m%dfoaYSh wjYH;djhka i|yd bv i,ikq ,nk" wju lsÍfï l%ufõo iy tajd wkq.; lr .ekSu iy ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh we;=M lr.;a mqM,a ixj¾Ok -flakaøSh ldnka bj;a lsÍfï Wmdh ud¾.hls'

;sridr n,Yla;s úi÷ï yd SAARC ol=Kq wdishd;sl ish`Mu rgj,aj, GHG úfudapkhka wvq lsÍu i|yd jk ´kEu ie,iqul

m%Odk l=`MK 3la f,i y÷kdf.k we;af;a" n,Yla;s ld¾hCIu;djh yd ixrCIKh" wvq ldnka úÿ,sh iy yhsfv%da ldnkaj, isg mqk¾ckkSh bkaOk fj; udrejhs' l<dmfhys n,Yla;s iqrCIs;;djh i|yd CIqø c, úÿ,sh" iQ¾h" iq<x" Ôj jdhq" ;sridr Ôj bkaOk iy uqyqÿ /,s jeks mqk¾ckkSh yd ;sridr n,Yla;s Ndú;h jeä lsÍu m%Odk fõ' m%dfoaYShj fuu úi÷ï yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk ;sridr úi÷ï iu`. taldnoaO lr.; yel' ol=Kq wdishd;sl rgj, wNHka;r jHdhduhkag wu;rj l<dmSh iyfhda.S;djh i|yd jk ol=Kq

rEm igyk 1'3( nx.a,dfoaYfha ¥m;a jdiSka i|yd iQ¾hn, ;dCIKh


13

wdishd ixúOdkh SAARC úiska isÿ lrkq ,nk iyfhda.s;d Wmdh ud¾. iy tajdfha miqúmru"

foaY.=Ksl m%;s,dN iys;j l<dmh ;=< yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh idCId;a lr .ekSfuys,d jeo.;a fõ' úúO ol=Kq wdishd;sl rgj, id¾:lj ls%hd;aul jqKq l=vd mßudK n,Yla;s ld¾hCIu" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIK (Renewable Energy Technology - RET) úi÷ï iqM jYfhka

fjkia fldg l<dmh mqrd m%;s ls%hd;aul l< yelsh' WodyrKhla f,i YS% ,xldfõ taldnoaO

ixj¾Ok ix.uh (IDEA) iy fkamd,fha úl,am ;dCIK flaJøh (CRT/N) jvd;a ld¾hCIu wvq

l< ÔjialJO Ndú;h iys; msiqï W÷kla ^,smla& Tmamq lr y÷kajd fok ,È' fuu ;dCIKh ;jÿrg;a m%p,s; fldg fnod yeÍu i|yd m%cd uQ, ixúOdk fj; fnod yßk ,È' fkamd,fha (CRT/N) wdh;kh mdßfNda.sl iudchla msysgqùu ;=<ska" m%;s,dNS m%cdjf.a Rcq ueÈy;a ùu

iys;j .%dóh úÿ,s n, iemhqu we;=<;ajQ M,odhS wjika mßyrKh i|yd c, fuda,a (Water

Mills) jeä ÈhqKq fldg m%j¾Okh lrkq ,eîh' bkaÈhdfõ taldnoaO ;sridr n,Yla;s yd

mdßißl ixj¾Ok ix.uh (INSEDA) úúO bÈ lsÍï øjH fhdod .ksñka yd úúO mßudfjka

hqla; jQ .Dy yd l¾udka; i|yd jk Ôj jdhq ckl moaO;s ie,iqï lr bÈ lrkq ,eîh' kuHYS,S fjkia lsÍï ;=<ska fuu ;dCIKh f,dj fjk;a ia:dkj, Ndú;d lsÍu i|yd bv i,ikq we;'

1'6 È<s÷ka wrNhd jQ yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh i|yd jk wNsfhda. È<s÷ka wrNhd isÿ flfrk yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh (EVD) Tmamq lr y÷kajd§u mokï lr isÿ

flfrkakla fyda jHdmD;s mßudKfhka isÿ flfrkakla úkd ls%hdud¾.sl fyda m%;sm;a;s m%fõYhla f,i isÿ flfrkakla fkdfõ' fï wkqj fuys§ fuu jHdhduhkayS,d uqyqK mEug isÿjk ndOl" ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g wdfõKsl tajd jkafkah' tkï"

• uyck;dj w;r foaY.=K úm¾hdi iy tys M, úmdl ms<sn|j oekqj;a Ndjhla fkdue;sùu

• EVD jevms<sfj,g w`M;a .ïudk" wod, lghq;= i|yd we;s wvq ;dCIKsl úfYaI{

oekqï uÜgu • ixj¾ê; rgj,skao we;=Mj" foaY.=K lghq;= i|yd wjYH uQ,H m%;smdok

m%udKd;aulj ,nd .ekSfï fkdyelshdj • mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;Ska wNsnjd f*dis, bkaOk i|yd jrm%ido ,efnk rdcH m%;sm;a;s • ol=Kq wdishdj ;=< wka;¾ l,dmSh msú;=re n,Yla;s iyfhda.S;djfhys iy úi÷ï

.kqfokq lr .ekSfï wm%udKj;a nj • kshduk ls%hdoduhkaf.a úksúo Ndjh yd j.ùfï wvq nj • ixj¾Ok fhdackd i|yd fmdÿ ck;djf.a iyNd.sFjfha wvq nj

fuu wjysr;d È<ska|ka i|ydu jQ yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh (EVD) i|yd jk wdfhdack iy

ixj¾Okh flfrys ndOd muqKqjhs' n,Yla;s iemhqu iy Ndú;h i|yd mj;akd uOH.; m%fõYh fhdod .ksñka kj n,Yla;s há;, myiqlï jir 2030 jk úg iemhSu i|yd wefußldkq fvd,¾ á%,shk 6lg jeä msßjehla wjYH nj weia;fïka;= lr we;' f,dj mqrd fndfyduhla wvq ldnka ixj¾Okh i|yd msßjeh fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wruqo,ska isÿ flf¾' fuh ol=Kq wdishdfõ rgj,a i|yd o uQ,HdOdr i|yd jk úNj uQ,hls'


14

ck;djf.a uQ,sl wjYH;d imqrd,Sug wjYH iïm;aj, iSñ; nj;a ;r`.ldÍ b,aü;a y÷kd.;a" 2015 meßia foaY.=K .súiqfuys" jir 2010 isg yß; foaY.=K wruqo, (Green Climate Fund -

GCF) iy fjk;a foaY.=K uQ,H ud¾. ;=<ska jirlg wefußldkq fvd,¾ ì,shk 100 ne`.ska jQ

uQ,H m%;smdok we;=<;a fldg we;' b,lal .; wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug kï fuu m%;smdok ks, ixj¾Ok wdOdr (Official Development Aid- ODA) iy fjk;a oekg mj;sk wruqo,aj,g

w;sf¾lj úh hq;=h' jir 2015ka wdrïNjk jir 4la i|yd (GCF) fmdfrkaÿj we;af;a

wefußldkq fvd,¾ ì,shk 10'2 la muKs' fuu m%;smdok uÜgfuka ls%hd;aul lsÍu W.yg jkq we;' foaY.=Ksl uQ,H l%ufõo iy fuj,ï ;jÿrg;a újdohg ,lajk w;r;=r§ ñ, wêl fkdjk" wvq ldnka" msú;=re ;dCIKhka ls%hd;aul lsÍug wdrïN lsÍu jeo.;ah' iQ¾h n,fhka ls%hd;aul WmlrK" jeäÈhqKq l, msisk W÷ka ^,sma&" Ôj jdhq" úÿ,sh i|yd jeä ÈhqKq l, c, fuda,a iy ñ, wvq CIqø jdßud¾. tjeks úl,amhkag we;=<;a fõ' msú;=re n,Yla;Ska f;dard .ekSu j,lajd,k whjeh iSudjka msgq oelSu i|yd kjH uQ,H uQ,dY% wjYH jkafkah' WodyrKhla f,i YS% ,xldfõ .%dóh wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i|yd mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s jevigyk (Renewable Energy for Rural Economic Development - RERED) úiska

iQ¾h" iq<x iy CIqø c, úÿ,s n,h .%dóh .Dyhka i|yd fhdod .ekSu Èß.kajk w;ru thg iu.dój tajd i|yd m%;smdok ,nd .ekSfï myiq Kh l%uhlgo bv m%ia:dj idod fokq ,nhs' jeo.;a w;sf¾l uQ,H hdka;%Kj,g" nx.a,dfoaYfha ls%hd;aul .%dóka Yla;s iy bkaÈhdfõ (WAFD) CIqø Kh fhdackd l%uhka fukau fkamd,fha (CRT/N) ls%hd;aul lrk m%;s,dNSkag rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdk ueÈy;a ùfuka Kh ,nd .ekSfï myiqlï i,ik l%uho we;=<;a fõ' flfia jqjo 2] fyda 1'5] ;;aFjh idCId;a lr .ekSug kï f,dj ish,a,kaf.a mß;Hd.YS,s uQ,HdOdr j.lSu w;HdjYH jkafkah' Wkak;sldó mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lalhka imqrd .ekSug kï uqo,a iy ;dCIKh tla/ia lr.ekSu i|yd ys;lr wNHka;r m%;sm;a;s iy cd;Hka;rfha iyfhda.S;djh wjYH jkafkah' óg wu;rj oekg m%Odk jYfhka m%j¾Okh jk uOH.; m%fõYhg wjfYaIj" yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh jeks jQ mdßfNda.slhska iïnJO lr .kakd jQ jvd;a úuOH.; úi÷ï idCId;a lr .ekSu wjYH jkafkah'


15

2 mßÉfþoh

yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh ^wvq ldnka" ieug idOdrK" úldYh l< yels" È<skaoka i|ydu jQ

wvq úhoï ixj¾Ok udÈ,shls& yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh (EVD) óg oYlhlg fmr bkaÈhdfõ§" .%dóh ck;dj i|yd jQ wvq

úhoï" wvq ldnka ixj¾Okh idCId;a lr.ekSu i|yd kjH yd taldnoaO m%fõYhla f,i ms,sis|.;a ixl,amhls' th oeka ol=kq wdishdfõ rgj,a y;rl ^nx.a,dfoaYh" fkamd,h" YS% ,xldj iy bkaÈhdj& ixúOdk úiska m%j¾Okh lr jeäÈhqKq lrñka mj;S'

2'1 ixl,amh yß; .ïudk ixj¾Ok ixl,amh" .%dóh uÜgug WÑ;" úhoï wêl fkdjk" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKh (RET) ls%hd;aul lsÍu iy foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi i|yd yev.eiSug yd wvq

lsÍu i|yd yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu;a iyiïnJO lr.kS' th foaY.=K úm¾hdihkg uqyqK mEfï§ tajdg Tfrd;a;= §u i|yd fuj,ï ,nd fok w;ru" ks¾udKlrKfha§ iy ls%hd;aul lsÍfï§ m%cd idudðlhska .eUqßkau iyNd.S lr.ksñka taldnoaO m%fõYhla .kS' yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh (RED) jkdyS ixj¾Okhg wjOdkh fhduq jQ" mj;akd .ïudkfha wvq ldnka

ls%hdjkays kshq;= m%cdjka ìys lsÍfï taldnoaO m%fõYhls' fuu Ndú;hka f.dkqjg .Dy- mßudfõ Ôj jdhq cklhka" ÿï rys; W÷ka" iQ¾h n,Yla;s ;dCIKh" úÿ,sh ksIamdokh i|yd c, fuda,a" .%dóh úÿ,s iemhqu i|yd jk CIqø c, úÿ,s moaO;s" iQ¾h n, úh,khka jeks" md,khg yd wvq lsÍug Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,nk ;CIKhka we;=<;a fõ' óg wu;rj ldnksl f.dú;ek" jeis c, /ia lsÍu" yhsfv%d,sla ?ï fmdïm jeks c,h tiùfï l%u jeks wkqj¾;k ;dCIKhka iy fjk;a úi÷ï o we;=<;a fõ'

fuu wdlD;sfha§ .ïudk flaJø lr.ekSu i|yd uQ, ldrKh jkafka tajd ksjiak jkafka ol=Kq wdishd;sl l,dmfhys iuyr b;d È<s÷ ck;djg muKla fkdj ck.yKfhka nyq;rhla jk ksid;ah' ;jo fuu ck;djf.ka iuyfrla l,dmhg wdfõKsl wd¾Ól" f;dr;=re iy iudc jHikhl yd N+f.da,Sh msysàu ixfhdackhla fya;=fjka w;aú£ug isÿúh yels foaY.=Kh ueoy;a jQ wjodkïj,g b;d myiqfjka ,laúh yels jQjkao jkafkah' idudkHfhka cd;sl iy Wm- l,dmSh rdcH m%;sm;a;s ieliSfï fl<jrlg oud we;s .%dóh m%cdj" fõ.fhka iliajk" tkuqÿ iqMfjka f;areïf.k we;s foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihka iy tu`.ska Tjqkaf.a bvlvïj,g iy

rEmigyk 2'1( ÿï rys; W÷ka ^,sma& iy ldnksl f.j;= j.dj yß; .ïudk ixj¾Ok ixl,amfhys fldgils


16

Ôjfkdamdhka u; we;s jkakdjQ n,mEïj,g id¾:lj uqyqK§u i|yd ikakoaOj fkdue;' wkqj¾;khg iy wju lsÍu i|yd ixo¾Ndkq.;j iqÿiq" l=vd mßudK kj fidhd .ekSï ixl,amh f.kyer oelaùu i|yd o .%dóh m%cdj b;d fhda.Hh' cd;Hka;r yd cd;sl m%;sm;a;Ska Tjqkaf.a wjOdkh jdhq úfudapkh wvq lsÍu i|yd fhduq lr we;' tkuqÿ .%dóh m%cdj" j¾;udkfha b;d wvq talmqoa., jdhq úfudapk m%udKhla iys;h' ta fya;=fjka mj;akd jdhq úfudapk uÜgu md,kh lr wvq lsÍu muKlau ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu Tjqkg l,ams; fkdfõ' wvq ldnka wkd.;hla i|yd ie,iqï lsÍu b;d jeo.;ah' l,dmh ;=< ks;H f,i ydks jQ mßir moaO;s iy ld,.=K pl% yuqfõ wkqj¾;kh ùu jeä j¾Okh jQ jeo.;alula w;alrf.k we;'

2'2 jeo.;alu

wvq ldnka iy ish,a, we;=<;a jQ ixj¾Okhla idCId;a lr .ekSu i|yd jeo.;a úi÷ï yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh ms<sn|j jir 15la blaujd .sh m<mqreoaola wm i;=j we;' fuu ixl,amh ;yjqre lsÍug wod, ish`M úia;r wvx.= ,sÅ; idCIs iïmdokh l< ix.%yhla wm i;=j we;' fuh m<uqj bkaÈhdfõ iy oeka nx.a,dfoaYh" fkamd,h iy YS% ,xldj ;=<§o yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh ms<sn|j wmf.a m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï u; mokïj iïmdokh jQjls' fuu jHdmD;s" mD:q, iudc wd¾Óluh iu m%;s,dN iys; njg Tmamq ù we;s mQ¾K yßl ixj¾Ok úi÷ï m%;sM,h f,i ,nd we;' tajdfhys m%;s,dN my; i|yka mßÈ fõ' Tmamqlr we;s mQ¾K yß; ixj¾Ok úi÷ï" mD:q, iudc" wd¾Óluh iu m%;s,dN u,aM, .ekaùug fya;=ù we;' tajdfhys m%;s,dN my; i|yka mßÈ fõ' ienE f,dj Wmfhda.S;djh iy ;yjqrelrKh( kj N+ñNd.j, w;ayod ne,Sï ckdjdi f;dard .ekSu fjkqjg mj;sk .ïudk iy .%dóh ckdjdi f;dard .ekSu fya;=fjka yß; .ïudk ixj¾Ok (EVD) ixl,amfhys ienE f,dj YlH;dj Tmamq l< yel' EVD jHdmD;s .ïudk m%cd

idudðlhska iu`. wfkHdakH ls%hdldrlï isÿ lsÍfï§ jákd o¾Yk yd m%;spdrhka odhl fldg we;' .eg`M úi£u i|yd fuu uQ,fha isg by<g jQ m%fõYh m%cdjf.a ixialD;sl ls%hdldrlï iy idïm%odhg .re lrkq ,nk w;r m%cdjf.a ms<s.ekSï i|yd o odhl fõ' ;dCIKhl ls%hdldÍFjh ksÍCIKfhka miqj tu ;dCIK ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Tjqka W;aiql jk nj Tmamq ù we;' uQ,sl úNjh i,ld ne,Sfï§" ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfhys ñ,shk ixLHd; l=vd" uOHu yd úYd, .ïudkhkays .ñka .ug fuu ixl,amh úirKh lsÍfï n,j;a úNjhla we;s nj fmfka' tla .%dóh uÜgfï ueÈy;a ùula ls%hd;aul fldg id¾:lhehs w;aÿgqúg" wfkl=;a .ïudkj,g Tjqkaf.a wjYH;djkg wkq.; fjñka wkqlrKh l< yels" mqyqKq lsÍfï iy meyeÈ,s lsÍfï tallhla f,i th fhdod .;yels jkq we;' fuf,i ;dCIKh úirKh lsÍfuys,d cd;sl yd m%dka; wdKavq" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" lDIsld¾ñl yd .%dóh úYajúoHd," uQ,H wdh;k ^úfYaIfhka ixj¾Ok nexl=& iy we;eïúg fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ixúOdk Tjqkaf.a wdh;ksl iy iudc j.lSï (CSR) lemùïj, fldgila f,i" Tjqkaf.a odhlFjh fï i|yd ,ndÈh yel' wvq úhoï( foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi ls%hdldrlï i|yd uQ,H iydh b;d w,am ksidu tajd Wmßu whqßka mßyrKh lsÍu w;HdjYHh' tfia lsÍu i|yd yels iEu ;ekl§u .fvd,a fjkqjg WK


17

ng jeks idïm%odhsl fkdjk wvq úhoï bÈ lsÍï øjHh fhdod .kq ,nhs' ls%hdud¾.j, yd ie,iqïj, kjH;djho úhoï wvq lsÍug WmldÍ ù we;

m%;sks¾udK yelshdj( úúO ixialD;Ska ;=< úúO N+f.da,Sh ia:dkj, fuu EVD wdlD;s iy tys

;dCIK f.dkak id¾:lj m%;s ks¾udKh ù we;' fïjd fhda.H fjkia lsÍï iys;j fnx.d, fndlal wdYs%; fjr<dikak m%foaYj,o" rdcia:dkfha ldka;rj, iy ;eks;,dfõo iy ysud, l÷jeáj,o id¾:l ù we;' kuHYS,SFjh iy zieug- tla m%udKhlaZ m%fõYfhka je<lS isáñka fuu wdlD;sh ffki¾.slju" Wmhqla; lr.ksñka f,dfjys fjk;a rgj,aj,§o id¾:l úh yel' wdodhï W;amdokh( EVD udÈ,sh úúO mß;Hd. Tiafia jákd m%;s,dN m%odkh lrhs' tajdg

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKhkayS we;eï wx. f.dvke.Su i|yd mqyqKqj ^fndfydaúg ldka;djka b,lal lr.;a& wka;¾.;h' EVDh ;=<ska ldnksl f.dú;ek" óueis md,kh" wdydr

l,a ;nd .ekSu i|yd ieliSu" weiqreïlrKh iy wf,úlrKh i|yd jk jD;a;Suh mqyqKq ieis o ,nd fohs' wkqj¾;kh yd mÈxÑh w;yer hEu wvq lsÍu( l÷ iys; l,dm jeks we;eï mdßißlj ÿIalr N+ñ m%foaYj, Ôjfkdamdhhka foaY.=Ksl fjkialïj,g w;sYhska ixfõ§ jkafkah' fï fya;=fjka fkamd,fha iy bkaÈhdfõ l÷lrfha jeishka /lshd wjia:d i|yd mÈxÑh w;yer hEu idudkH wkqj¾;k l%fudamdhla ù we;' fuu jevigyk ;=< wdodhï W;amdokh wka;¾.; lsÍfuka hï ÿrlg /lshdjka i|yd mÈxÑh w;yer hEu i|ydjk mSvkh wvqù we;' c,h /ia lsÍfï Ys,am l%u iy foaY.=Ksl md,khka iys; mßirhka ;=< t<j`M iy Tiq me<Eá j.d l< yels yß;d.dr ks¾udKh lsÍu jeks fjk;a fmdÿfõ wjYH wkqj¾;k iemhSu o EVD ;=<ska isÿ fõ'

ieye,a lsÍu iy wvq lsÍu (Mitigation): iQ¾h n,h" iq<x iy Ôj jdhq n,Yla;s ;dCIKhka

jeks mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKhka (RETs) úiska jeä ldnka úfudapkhka iys; idïm%odhsl

n,Yla;s m%Njhka m%;sia:dmkh ù we;' .%dóh m%cdjf.a tal mqoa., jdhq úfudapk m%udK wvqj ;sìh§;a" jdhq úfudapkh wvq lsÍu Wmdh ud¾.fha jeo.;a fldgila jkafkah' fuhg ixj¾Okh;a iu`. jeäjk n,Yla;s b,aü wdjrKh lsÍu i|yd jk mqk¾ckkSh úi÷ïj,ska wkd.; jdhq úfudapkhka wvq lsÍu o we;=<;a fõ' fi!LHh( Ndú;d lrkq ,nk bkaOkh Ôj ialJO fõjd" .,a w`.=re fõjd" idïm%odhsl n,Yla;Ska wdydr msiSu i|yd fhdod .ekSfï§ w;sf¾l miqnEula jkafka idïm%odhsl wdydr msiSu iy n,Yla;s bkaOkj,ska W;amdokh jkakd jQ wêl ÿudrhhs' fuu`.ska ldka;djka iy l=vd orejka fi!LHhg wys;lr úI ÿug ksrdjrKh jkafkah' Ôj jdhq iy jeäÈhqKq l< msisk W÷ka jeks foaYSh úi÷ï" .DyhkayS iy l=vd jHdmdrj, wdydr msiSfï§ we;sjk iajYk .eg`M m%n, f,i wvq lrkq ,nhs' ck;djf.a wjYH;djhkag wkqj wvq ldnka ;dCIKhkaf.a ixo¾Ns; kjH;d( fuu ixl,amh" N+f.da,Sh N+ñNd.h" ck;djf.a wjYH;djka iy iïm;a Wreuhka ie,ls,a,g .ksñka" wjia:djg wkqÑ; mßÈ wjYH;djkg .e,fmkakd jQ ;dCIKfõohka ie,iqï lrkq ,nhs' WodyrKhla f,i >k óg¾ 1 iy 2 mßudfõ b;d l=vd Ôj jdhq moaO;s .jhska lSmfofkla fyda l=vd mßudK i;aFj f.dúm, iys; .Dyhka i|yd ia:dmkh lsÍu .; yel' b;du;a úhoï wvq WK nïnq fhdod.;a úh,khka b;du;a ÿ.S ck;djkag ;dCIKh Ndú;d l< yels whqßka ks¾udKh l< yel'


18

ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh m%Odk m%jdyh lr .ekSu( Tjqkaj jy,aNdjhg ;jÿrg;a tla lrñka" foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihka u`.ska ldka;djka wm%udK f,i mSvdjg ,la lrhs' tu ksid m%Odk md¾Yajlrejka f,i ldka;djka" b,lal .; m%Odk m%;s,dNSka f,i i,lkq ,nhs' WmfoaYl ls%hdj,sfha§ .eUqßkau iïnJO lr.kq ,enQfjda Tjqkauh' fuu lreK ksidu fndfyda wdodhï W;amdok mqyqKq ld¾hhkays§ jeä wjOdkhg ,lajkafkdao ldka;djkauh' Tjqkaf.a mßirhg wod, ixfõokd iy wjYH;djka fnodyod .ekSu i|yd wdrCIs; ia:dkhla Tjqkg i,iajd §u i|yd iudch ;=< ldka;djka iy .eyeKq orejka i|yd wd;afudamldr lKavdhï ixúOdkh lrkq ,nhs' fuu lKavdhï wdOdrl N+ñldjla isÿ lrk w;ru" ldka;djka n, .ekaùfuys,d m%Odk fuj,ula njg m;afõ' tfia fkdlf,a kï Tjqka ixialD;sluh jYfhka yev.eiS we;s whqßka ksy`vj isákq we;' uQ,fhys isg by<g jQ úuOH.; m%fõYh( f,dal iïu; m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh fndfyda fihska uOH.; jQ by< isg my<g .,d hk" fndfydaúg ìï uÜgfuys h:d¾:hkaf.ka úikaê jqKq tlls' m%cd /iaùï ;=<ska" jevuqM ;=<ska iy fjk;a ìï uÜgfï m<mqreÿ ;=<ska wjidk m%;s,dNSka iu`. ls%hdldÍj iïnJO ùu wmg .%dóh m%cdj uqyqKmd isák we;eï mdßißl wNsfhda. ms<sn|j Tjqka weu;Sug iy ta;a;= .ekaùug bv i,id § we;' ;dCIKh mejÍï iy yelshd j¾Okh( EVD, ;dCIKh mejÍu ;=<ska wd;afudamldrh iy

ysñldrFjh wjOdrKh lrkq ,nhs' fndfydaúg wdOdr jHdmD;s úiska m%;s,dNSka yg kv;a;=j yd

ms<silr lsÍï mqyqKqjla fkdimhd ;dCIKh bÈßm;a lrhs' EVDh u`.ska ;dCIK Ys,amSka m%cdj

iu`. uqiq fldg leue;a;la iys; mqoa.,hska yg" ,ndÿka úi÷ï i|yd Ndú;h" mj;ajdf.k hEu iy kv;a;=j ms<sn| mqyqKqj ,nd fohs' fuu ls%hd ms<sfj, Ôj jdhq moaO;s" jeis c,h /ia lsÍu" yß;d.dr iy iQ¾h n, úh,kh wd§ka i|yd wkq.ukh lr we;' jeä j¾Okh l< n,Yla;s i|yd m%fõYh( fndfydaúg b,lal.; m%cdjka Ôj;a jkqfha úÿ,s moaO;sj,ska ÿria: jQ b;d ÿIalr ckmoj, iy l=vd .ïudkj, neúka Tjqka m%udKj;a n,Yla;s há;, myiqlï fkdue;slfï n,mEïj,ska mSvd úÈ;s' fujka whg úl,am n,Yla;Skag m%fõYh ,nd§fuka Tjqkaf.a Ôjk ;;aFjh ie,lsh hq;= f,i ÈhqKq l< yel' nyq md¾Yajldr yjq,aldÍFjh( jHdmD;sfhys ie,iqï yd ls%hd;aul lsÍu N+ñ uágfï isg ls%hdldÍ jD;a;slhska" ;dCIK úfYaI{hka" wOHdmksl wdh;k" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy wjika m%;s,dNSka wd§kaf.a cd,hla ;=<ska isÿ lr we;' Wmfoia ,nd .ekSfï ls%hdud¾.j,§ m%dfoaYSh ksfhdað;hskao iïnJO lrf.k we;' fuh m%Yak úi§fï§ jvd;a iqug m%fõYhla lrd fhduq ùula úh' idïm%odhsl" {dk úudxisl" ;dCIKsl iy m%;sm;a;Skag wod, oekqï iïNdrhla jQ fuh fjk;a .ïudkj,§ iM, f,i ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Ndú;d l< yels wjfndaOhla jkafkah'


19

2'3 m%dfoaYSh ixúOdk wruqKq lsÍu ´kEu ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shl id¾:lFjhg m%Odk lreKla jkafka m%dfoaYSh m%cdjka" Wm- m%cdjka iy .%dóh .Dy m%cdjf.a ls%hdldÍ iyNd.SFjhhs'

rEmigyk 2'3( bkaÈhdfõ jHdmD;s ie,iqïlrKfha§ .%dóh m%cdjf.a ls%hdldÍ iyNd.SFjh

fuu mqM,a iyNd.SFj moku i|yd myiqlï ie,iSfï§" m%cd idudðlhska wdOdrl lKavdhïj,g ixúOdkh flf¾' fuu lKavdhï iy m%cdj l<ska l<g mqyqKq lrñka l=i,;d hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu ^jeä j¾Okh lsÍfï mdGud,d iy mqyqKqj& isÿ lrkq ,nhs' fuu hdka;%Kh ;=<ska Tjqkaf.au hym; i|yd jk ixj¾Ok ls%hdldrlï i|yd Tjqkaf.a jeä iïnJO;djhla we;s l< yelsh' tf,iskau fuu`.ska Tjqka ;=< ;dCIKh ms<sn|j ;udf.ah hk ye`.Sula cks; ùu ksid tajd ms<sn|j Tjqkaf.a ie,ls,a, wvqù w;ayer oeóug we;s m%jK;djh wvqjkq we;'

2'4 úi÷ï - mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKh

msiSï WmlrK

.Dyia: Ôjjdhq moaO;s( Ôj jdhq jkdys wdydr msiSu fukau .Dy wdf,dallrKh i|yd Ndú;d l< yels mqk¾ckkSh bkaOk m%Njhls' Ôj Èhr ñY%khla f,iska ldnksl fmdfydrla o fuu moaO;sj,ska iemfhkq we;' EVD jevigyk hgf;a >k óg¾ tll ;rï l=vd m%udKfha Ôj


20

jdhq moaO;s ks¾udKh lrkq ,nhs' l÷lr l<dmhkays jeo.;au wjYH;djhla jk wvq N+ñhla fï i|yd Ndú;d lsÍug isÿùu ie,ls,a,g .ksñka fuu moaO;s wvq bv-lvla .kakd whqßka m¾fhaIKd;aulj ie,iqï Ndú;d flf¾' wdo¾Yhla jYfhka ksh; m%udKfha Ôj jdhq moaO;shla ;=<ska fufyhqu i|yd wvqu ;rñka .jhka ;sfokl= fyda isõ fokl= wjYH flf¾' fujka moaO;shla Èkl§ jdhq >k óg¾ folla muK ksIamdokh jkq we;' flfia jqjo Èklg fmdfydr lsf,da .%Eï 25la wjYHjk moku u; tla >k ógrfha Ôj jdhq moaO;shl fufyhqu i|yd .jhka fofokl= m%udKj;a jkq we;' Ôj jdhq moaO;shl w;=reM,h lDIsl¾udka;fha§ ldnksl fmdfydrla f,i b;du;a m%fhdackj;a jkafkah' Ôj jdhq moaO;sfhys w;=reM,hla jk Ôj Èhr ñY%kfhys khsg%cka wka;¾.;h b;d úYd, neúka th Ydl i|yd fyd| fmdaIl m%Njhla jkafkah' ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfha úfYaIfhkau bkaÈhdfõ iy fkamd,fha Ôj jdhq ckkh b;d ckms%h h' b;d l=vd .Dyia: m%udKfha Ôj jdhq moaO;sj,ska mjd ldnka úYajdih Èkd .ekSug yelshdj we;'

jeäÈhqKq l< msisk W÷ka (ICSs)( fufyhqu i|yd wjYHjk oej m%udK lmamdÿ lrñka fuu

W÷ka oej jvd;a ld¾hCIu whqßka ojd,hs' tajd uqM;ekaf.j,a ÿu rys;j ;nd .kS' ldka;djkaf.a yd orejkaf.a iajYdkdndO j,lajd .ekSug fuh jeo.;a jevms<sfj,la jkafkah' ms,siaiQ ueÜfgka idok ,o yd f,dayfhka idok ,o tfia;a fkd¡ue;skï øjHhka foflys ixfhdackhlska iE¥ wdlD;s .Kkdjla ,nd .ekSug we;' ,sma fofla zwk.sZ W÷k jeäÈhqKq l< msisk W÷ka w;ßka b;d id¾:l wdlD;shls' ;sridr nj w;ska .;al, ol=Kq wdishdfõ uy mßudK ueÈy;aùï w;=ßka id¾:lu tlla jQfha zzjeäÈhqKq l< msisk W÷ka jevigyk - ICSP ZZ hgf;a YS% ,xldfõ zwk.s ICS W÷fka m%pdrk yd jdKsclrK


21

jevigykhs' ueá l¾udka;lrejkag mqyqKqj ,nd §u fuu W÷fka ^,sfmys& id¾:l jdKsclrKh i|yd odhl úh' th iïmQK_fhka jdKsclrKh ù we;s w;r" fm!oa.,sl fnodyßkakka yryd uqM rg mqrd jirlg 300"000g jeä W÷ka ^,sma& m%udKhla ksIamdokh lr wf,ú lrkq ,nhs' wOHhkhg wkqj zwk.sZ W÷kaj,ska jirlg lsf,da .%Eï 111 - 260 olajd m%udKhlska talmqoa., CO2 jdhq úfudapkh wvq ùula ,`.d lr.; yels nj ;lafiare lr we;'

Tnfudn f.k hd yels msisk W÷ka (ICSs)( ;ekska ;ekg f.k hd yels f,day ICSs ol=Kq

wdishdj ;=< l%ufhka ckms%hFjh ,nd .ksñka ;sfí' 2015 wfma%,a ui fkamd,fha we;s jQ N+ñ lïmdfjys m%;sM,hla f,i úfYaIfhkau fufia isÿfõ' fuu W÷kaj,ska fi!LHuh m%;s,dN we;s w;r" tajd oej bkaOk mßfNdackh o wvq lrhs' tfukau yß;d.dr jdhq úfudapkh o (GHG)

wvq lrhs' f;a lv jeks l=vd fj<| jHdmdr isÿ lrkq ,nk ol=Kq wdishdfõ jdKsc .Dyhka i|yd fuu W÷ka uy;a jákdlula jkq we;' óg wu;rj fjka jQ uqM;ekaf.j,a fkdue;s .%dóh .Dyhka i|yd fïjd fnfyúka l,ams;h'

.%dóh .Dyia: l¾udka; i|yd jeäÈhqKq l< uydmßudK ÔjialJO W÷ka( uyd mßudK wdydr msiSu iy .%dóh .Dyia: l¾udka;j, oykh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd YS% ,xldj ;=< úYd, wjldYhla mj;S' wdydr ieliSfuys fh§ isák fndfyduhla .%dóh .Dyia: l¾udka; jeä ñ,la jeh lrñka úYd, m%udKj,ska oej bkaOk Ndú;d lrkq ,nk wld¾hCIu idïm%odhsl W÷ka Ndú;h iy mqreÿ fhdod .kS' ld¾hCIu" uyd mßudK ÔjialJO W÷ka y÷kajd§u;a iu`.u"


22

oej bkaOk Ndú;h ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhlska wvqù we;' fuu W÷ka .%dóh l¾udka; iy Ôjfkdamdh ud¾. Yla;su;a lsÍug iy mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd WmldÍ jk w;ru tu`.ska úhoï iy jdhq úfudapkhka o lmd yeÍu o isÿ fõ'

úÿ,sh

iQ¾hn, ,dïmq( úÿ,sn, moaO;shg we;+<;a fkdjk m%foaYj, .Dyhka i|yd iQ¾h fldaI (PV)

n,Yla;sh ,eîu" È<s÷ m%cdjg n,Yla;s i|yd jeä m%fõYhla ,nd §fï m%Odk úi÷ula jkafkah' uE; jirj,§ iQ¾hn, (PV) moaO;sj, ñ, .Kka ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhlska my; jeà

we;' ksjdi i|yd jk iQ¾hn, moaO;sj,g wu;rj l=vd iQ¾h n,Yla;s ,dïmq o ,nd .ekSug we;' fkamd,fha m%dfoaYslj zzfida,d gqlSiaZZ hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,nk fjdÜ tll ,ka;Ereï nyq,j Ndú;d fõ' ,dïmq iy cx.u ÿrl:k n,h leùu (Recharging) i|yd yjq,a n, leùï fmd,la

we;s lsÍu .Dy iQ¾hn, moaO;shla oeßh fkdyels whg iQ¾h fldaI mek,hla yjqf,a Ndú;d lsÍfï M,odhS l%uhla jkafkah'

jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda,a( l÷lrh iys; fkamd,h jeks rgj, úÿ,sn, moaO;shg mßndysrj úÿ,sh ckkh lsÍug fuu ;dCIKh WmldÍ fõ' tfia isÿjkafka ´kE ;rï c, m%Nj mj;skakd jQ;a" N+f.da,Sh msysàu fya;=fldgf.k c, fuda,a ks¾udKh lsÍfï iïm%odhla mj;sk l,dmhkaysh' fuu ;dCIKh .,d yef,k c,fhys Yla;sh ^pd,l Yla;sh& m<uqj hdka;%sl njg mßj¾;kh fldg kej; úÿ,sn, Yla;sh njg m;a lrhs' fuh .Dyia: Ndú;hg fukau n,Yla;s Ndú;d lrkq ,nk CIqø jHdmdr i|yd o jákd n,Yla;s m%Njhla jkafkah'


23

yhsfv%d,sla ?ï fmdïmh( yhsfv%d,sla ?ï fmdïmh ^yhsv%Eï& jkdyS c, l|la ksid we;sjk mSvkh Ndú;d lr.ksñka c,fha pd,l Yla;sh Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka hï m%udKhla c,h by<g tiùfï ir<" kjH ;dCIKhls' zyhsv%EïZ Ndú;h .%dóh Ôjfkdamdh i|yd odhlFjh ,nd fohs' bka CIqø jdßud¾." taldnoaO lDIs mqreÿ iy ikSmdrCIdj i\yd wjYH c,h ,nd foñka m%cdjf.a iajia:;d j¾Okh msKsi o odhl fõ' yhsv%Euh /lshd W;amokh i|yd fhdod .efka' ta wjYH mqM,a yelshdjka j¾Okh lsÍfï mqyqKqj ,nd foñka ;dCIKh m%dfoaYShj ksIamdokh lsÍug bv ie,eiaùfuks' ñka ;jÿrg;a /lshd wjia:d ìys jkafka yhsv%Eu i|yd wjYH wu;r fldgia iy Wmdx. ksIamdokh ;=<sks'

lDIsl¾udka;h iy wdydr ksIamdokh ldnksl f.dú;ek iy uq M;ekaf.h wdYs%; f.j;= j.dj( ldnksl fmdfydr fyda Ôj jdhq Èhr ñY%kh fhdod.;a ldnksl f.dú;ekska mfiys .+Kd;aulNdjh jeäÈhqKq fõ' th j.d lrkq ,nk wdydrj, .=Kd;aul ;;aFjh" fmdaIK .=Kh iy rih jeä ÈhqKq lrñka j.dlrejkaf.a fi!LHh flfrys Okd;aul n,mEula isÿ lrkq ,nhs'

ridhksl øjHj,ska f;dr jQ" fmdaIHodhl wdydr uQ,dY%hla ,nd §u ;=<ska mjqf,a fi!LHh ;;aFjh jeäÈhqKq jkq we;' mßfNdackfhka miq w;sßla;h o m%dfoaYShj fyd| ñ,lg wf,ú lr .ekSug yelsh' fuh w.kd wdodhï ud¾.hla jkq we;'


24

ldnksl fldïfmdaiaÜ ;ekSfï l+v( fuu fldïfmdaiaÜ l+v ;kkq ,nkafka nqre,g f.;+ ng m;=rej,sks' tajd iajdNdúl Èrdm;aùfï ls%hdj,sh ;=<ska f.du iy fjk;a wjfYaI lDIsld¾ñl wmøjH iy ldnksl wmøjH Wiia ;;aFjfha ldnksl fldïfmdaiaÜ njg udi 3l ld<hla ;=< m;a lrhs' tla l+vhla u`.ska j¾. óg¾ 250 N+ñ m%foaYhla i|yd wjYH fldïfmdaiaÜ ,nd fokq we;' fuh ie,lsh hq;= m%udKfha f.j;= j.djla i|yd fyd¢kau iEfya'

mshis u;ska jeis c,h /ia lsÍu( mshiai u; m;s;jk jeis c,h .nvd gexlshlg fhduq fldg" tu c,h .Dyia: ld¾hhka i|yd fukau f.j;= j.djka i|yd o fhdod .; yel' fmryKla fhdodf.k we;af;akï fuu c,h mdkh i|yd Ndú;d l< yelsh'


25

.Dyia: iQ¾hn, úh,kh( WK ng rduqjla iys; wvq úhoï úh<khka u`.ska fõ,d .; yels ksIamdÈ; wdydr w;sßla;h fi!LHdrCIs;j wjdrfha§ mdúÉÑhg .; yelsh' fuu úh<khka wdydr kdia;sh iy úkdYh j,lajd,hs' jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka úh<d .ekSu ;=<ska ksIamdÈ;hg tla lrkq ,nk w.h iu`. fj<|mf,ys wf,ú lsÍug yelsùuhs' fuu ;dCIKh Ndú;d lrkakka fndfyduhla Tjqkaf.a tÈfkod wdodhug w;sf¾l wdodhula iQ¾h n,fhka úh<d.;a ksIamdokh wf,úfhka ,nd .kS' fujdg wur;j oejfhka fyda f,dayfhka ;ekQ fjk;a úh,k wdlD;s .Kkdjla we;' bkaÈhdfõ WK nïnq Ndú;fhka ieye,a¨" úhou wêl fkdjk iQ¾hn, úh<khka wdlD;s we;s w;r" tu`.ska ks¾udK úhoï ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhlg wvqlr .ekSug yelsj we;' yß;d.dr( idïm%odhsl yß;d.dr ks¾udKh lsÍu ñ, wêl úh yels w;r" ÿIalr m%foaYj,ska bÈ lsÍï øjHh imhd .ekSu o ieuúgu myiq fkdfõ' fu ksidu EVD jevigyk i|yd


26

wkqj¾;kh lr.kakd jQ ie,eiau" WK nïnq fyda oej iels,a,la iy mdrcïnq, lsrKska wdrCIs; ma,diaálj,ska ks¾udKh jQ wvq úhoï udÈ,shls' fufia wdjrKh lrk ,o jHqyhka wjdrfha§ t<j`M" T!Iëh Ydl fyda úis;=re u,a jeùug WmldÍ fõ' tfukau tajd Ydlhka i;=kaf.ka" l=re,a,kaf.ka iy fjk;a Ydl NCIlhskaf.ka úh yels úkdYfhka o wdrCId lrkq ,nhs'

ls%hd;aul lsÍfuka Tíng yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh (EVD) úh÷ï md,kh lr wvq lsÍï iy wkqj¾;kh ùï ls%hd;aul

lsÍïj,ska wjika fkdfõ' tajdg ;dCIKfha Ndú;h yd kv;a;=j ms<sn|j m%;s,dNSka mqyqKq lsÍu jeks jeo.;a Odß;d j¾Ok ls%hdldrlï o we;=<;a jkafkah' Tjqkg ta ms<sn|j miqúmrï" mqyqKq lsÍï ieis iy ;dCIKsl Wmfoia ,nd§u" wdOdr lKavdhï we;s lsÍu iy Tjqkg Ôjfkdamdh W;amdok ls%hdldrlï i|yd iydh ,nd §uo fuys§ isÿ lrkq ,nhs' EVDh foaY.=K úm¾hdi

ms<sn| ixlS¾K wNsfhda.hkg" mßmQK_jQ;a" bÈß oelaula iy;jQ;a" iudÔh j.lSula iys; È<skaoka i|yd jQ wvq úhoï ms<s;=rla jkafkah'


27

3 - mßÉfþoh

uyd mßudKfhka ;sridr .ïudk ìys lsÍu i|yd wjYH ls%hdud¾. mj;sk .ïudkj, zyß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh (EVD)Z ms<sis¢fha .%dóh È<ska|ka yg Tfrd;a;=§u"

wvq úhoï" iudc-wd¾Óluh m%.;sh idCId;a lr.ekSu i|yd jQ Wmhdla f,ih' foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi wvqlr .ekSu iy tajdg wkqj¾;kh ùfï oreKqu wjysr;djh wd¾Ól wfyaksh ksid njg m;aj we;s f,dalhl EVD kjH úi÷ï bÈßm;a lrkq ,nhs' ìï uÜgfï jD;a;slhska

fndfyda EVD úi÷ï ìï uÜgfï ls%hd;aul l< o" m%;sm;a;sfha wvq ÿqvqlï" wdh;ksl mqreÿ

iy fjk;a úêúOdk" Tjqkaf.a mQK_ id¾:lFjh ,`.d lr.ekSfuka j<ld,hs' fuu lreKqj,g ksis ms<s;=re ,efí kï" m%dfoaYSh foaY.=Ksl ls%hdud¾. jvd;a M,odhS jkq we;' fuu mßÉfþofhys bÈßm;a lr we;s ks¾foaYhka bkaÈhdj" fkamd,h" nx.a,dfoaYh iy YS% ,xldj ;=< ìï uÜgfï jD;a;slhskaf.a w;aoelSï u; mokï fõ'

3'1 m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhska i|yd ud¾. igyk 1' ;sridr ixj¾Okhg o iyfhda.h olajk" m%j¾Okh l< yels" wvq úhoï" wvq ldnka"

È<ska|ka Wfoid jQ foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihka wvq lsÍfï yd tajdg wkqj¾;kh ùulg fhduq jkak'

2' jvd M,odhS wvq lsÍï yd wkqj¾;kh ùula i|yd mdrïmßl oekqu" úoHdFul m¾fhaIK yd

ìï uÜgfï jD;a;slhskaf.a w;aoelSï taldnoaO lr.kak' 3' tla tla ;;aFjhg" N+f.da,Sh msysàug iy wfmaCIs; m%;s,dNSkaf.a wjYH;djkg wkql+,j wvq

ldnka úi÷ï .,mkak' 4' ish`M md¾Yajlrejka" úfYaIfhkau wjika m%;s,dNSka" jvd;a n,j;aj iy mqM,a f,i

ie,iqïlrKh" ls%hd;aul lsÍu yd wëCIK ls%hdj,sfha§ iïnJO lr.kak' 5' úfYaIs; wjYH;djhkg myiqfjka .e,msh yels" kso¾Yl jYfhka mj;ajd .ekSu mdol

lr.;a" m%;sks¾udKh l< yels wvq ldnka Wmdh ud¾. ls%hd;aul lrkak' 6' uOH.; ueÈy;aùï m%udKj;a fkdjk yd ñ, wêl" .%dóh" ÿIalr" myiqfjka ,`.dúh

fkdyels ckdjdij, ixj¾Ok ls%hdldrlïj,g iydh §fï ìï uÜgfï m%fõYhla fhdod .ksñka úuOH.; mdßißl úi÷ï fjkqfjka y`vla k`.kak'

7' úfYaIfhkau .%dóh m%foaYhkag kjH uQ,H hdka;%Khkag iy uQ,H iïm;a i|yd m%fõYh

m%j¾Okh lrkak' 8' foaY.=Ksl ls%hdud¾." Wmdh ud¾.j, iEu wêhrl§u ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh wod, .eg`M

m%Odk m%jdyh f,i .ekSu i|yd Èßh fokak' 9' mqyqKq lsÍï yd jevuq`M ;=<ska ish`Mu md¾Yajlrejka yg" foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdifhys n,mEï

iy tajdg id¾:lj uqyqK§fï Wmdh ud¾. ms<sn|j oekqj;a lrkak'


28

rEm igyk 3'1( .eñ ckd;j /iaù m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhsk i|yd ud¾. igyk ie<iqï lsÍu'

3'2 o=l=Kq wdishd l,dmh i|yd ks¾foaY foaY.=Kh yd iïnJO ueÈy;aùï ls%hd;aul lsÍfï§ .; hq;= m<uq mshjr jkafka" cd;sl rdcH md,k ;ka;%h iy wdh;k" ie,iqï M,odhS whqßka ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd m%udKd;aulj Yla;su;ao oCIo hkak iel yer oek .ekSuhs' my; ,ehsia;= .;lr we;s ks¾foaYhka tjeks ueÈy;aùïj,g iydh i,ik Yla;su;a mokula jkq we;'

rdcH md,kh" wdh;k iy mßmd,kh i. mßir úm¾hdihka n,j;a f,i w;aú£ug isÿjk w;r" .eg`M wjfndaO lr.ekSu yd wjYH

úi÷ï iS>%fhka úldYh jkafkah' foaY.=Kh iïnJO rdcH md,kh" iquqÿ yd jvd;a wkql+,;d oelaúh hq;= w;r" blauKskau wmf.a fjkiajk f,dalfha h:d¾:hkag wkq.; ùu l< hq;=h' ta ksidu wjYHjk foaY.=Kh iïnJO kS;s mekùu hqyqiqMj isÿ lsÍu id¾:lFjhg fya;= jkafkah' tu ksid wod, rdcH md,k hdka;%K ksoyia" úêu;a l%ufõohla hgf;a ls%hdFul úh hq;=h'

ii. fmdÿfõ .;al<" ish`Mu yß; ;dCIKhka i|yd jk rcfha wdOdr jevigyka ms<sn|j

f;dr;=re ys.hla mj;S' wd¾Ól jYfhka wk¾:hg m;aj isák" b,lal.; m%;s,dNSka fndfydaúg Tjqkg ysñlï ,efnk wruqo,a ms<sn|j fkdoekqj;ah' iïm;aj,ska È<s÷ lKvdhï iy mqoa.,hska Tjqkag m%fhdack ,nd .ekSu msKsi fujeks úNjH Wmldrl uQ,dY%hka ms<sn|j l,a ;nd oek isáh hq;=h' fuu wruqK i|yd Tjqkg wjYH flfrkafka ld,dkqrEm" ,`.dúh yels" ieugu iudk whs;sjdislï Èh hq;= hehs mejfik f;dr;=re i|yd m%fõYhls' fuu f;dr;=re Tjqkaf.a úuiSï yd fhdackdj,§ Tjqkag fyd¢ka Wmldr úh yels f,i" meyeÈ,sj Ndú;d l< yels wdldrj,ska úh hq;=h' wruqo,a fjka l< hq;af;a b,lal.; m%foaYj, fiajh lrkakd jQ isú,a iudc ixúOdkj,gh' fuu`.ska wod, ixúOdkj,g b,lal.; m%;s,dNSkayg wkqj¾;kh ùu i|yd iy wvq lsÍï i|yd jk wruqo,a lrd ,`.dùu i|yd mqyqKqj iy iydh ,nd Èh yel'

iii. m%;sm;a;s iïmdok uÜgfï§" msßisÿ fmdfydr" wmøjHh l<ukdlrKh iy ÔjialJO

n,Yla;s ksIamdokh jeks iu m%;s,dN /ila iys; jQ ldnksl f.dú;ek" jeäÈhqKq l<


29

msisk W÷ka" .Dyia: c, l<ukdlrKh" .Dyia: iQ¾h n, úi÷ï iy Ôj jdhq ;dCIKh jeks wvq úhoï" wju lsÍfï úi÷ï i|yd wjOdrKhla ;sìh hq;=h'

iv. m%cduQ, wkqj¾;k ls%hdldrlï i|yd jeä wjOdrKhla fhduq l< hq;=h' ol=Kq wdishdj"

foaY.=Ksl mSvdjkag myiqfjka ,laúh yels yd wjodkï iys;" oekgu;a foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihkays n,mEïj,g uqyqKmd isák úYd, ck ixLHdjla isák l,dmhls' tu ksid foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdij, n,mEïj,g wkqj¾;kh ùu i|yd Tfrd;a;= §fï yelshdj f.dvke`.Sfï ls%hdldrlï isÿfldg m%cdjg Wmldr l< hq;=h' mqyqKq lsÍï ud;Dldjkag Ôjfkdamdh mqyqKqj" ;sridr lDIsld¾ñl ;dCIK l%u" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKh iy c, l<ukdlrKh wdÈho wka;¾.; úh hq;=h'

v. N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Yk .Kkdjla mqrd wkqj¾;kh lr .ekSug jvd;a iqÿiq jQ m%dfoaYSh kj

fidhd .ekSï i|yd wjOdkh oelaúh hq;=h' vi. foaY.=Ksl uQ,H w,amFjh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka" yß; ;dCIKh i|yd jk wvq úhoï" ìï

uÜgfï cks;" ksrEmKh mokï fldg.;a jHdmD;s i|yd iydh ,ndÈh hq;=h' EVD

jevigyk jeks jHdmD;s i|yd jeä uQ,sl wdfhdackhla wjYH fkdjk w;r tajd ljr ;dCIKhla ,nd§ we;s ixo¾Nhlg fhda.H jkafkao hkak kuHYS,Sj f;dard .ekSug bv i,ihs'

fjk;a ks¾foaY md,kh iy wju lsÍfï ;dCIKhka i|ydjk ish`Mu m%odkhka yd iykdOdr fhduq lsÍfï§ m%dka; iy uOHu wdKavq úiska tla ljqM ud¾.hla ls%hd;aul l< hq;= jkafkah' m%dka;fhka m%dka;hg fjkia jkakdjQ" fjka jQ fhdackd l%u iy ls%hd;aul lsÍfï wjYH;djka" úNjH m%;s,dNSka ;=< jHdl+,Fjhla we;s l< yel' fuh úfYaIfhkau bkaÈhdj i|yd i;H lreKls' uOHu wdKavqj,ska ls%hd;aul cd;sl Ôj jdhq iy fmdfydr l<ukdlrK jevigyk jeks fhdackd l%u i|yd mjd fjkia jQ m%dka; i|yd iykdOdr uÜgïj, fjkialï mj;S' fuu j¾.fha úisreKq m%fõYhla" tla ixúOdkhg tjeks fhdackd l%uj, ld¾hCIu;dj wëCIKh lsÍuo wmyiq lrjhs' bkaÈhdfõ uOHu wdKavq iy m%dka; uÜgïj,§" wdKavqfjys ish`Mu uÜgï w;r ls%hd;aul lsÍï" iïnJëlrKh fyda myiqlï ie,iSu msKsi tla kshu lrkq ,enQ wdjrKhla meje;sh hq;=h' fuu kshu lrkq ,enQ tackaish ms<sn| ish`M f;dr;=re" .ïudk ;=< fukau fjk;a myiqfjka ,`.dúh yels ia:dkj,ska fkdñf,a ,nd .ekSug yels úh hq;=h' fkamd,fha foaY.=Ksl" mdßißl iy n,Yla;s ms<sn| jevigyka isÿ lrkq ,nkafka úúO wud;HdxY u`.skah' fuu iuia: foaY.=Ksl ueÈy;aùfï§ iïnJëlrKhla fkdue;slu fya;=fjka w;sßla; ls%hdjka W;amdokh fõ' mßirh iq/lSu" Ôjk ;;aFjh Wiia lr,Su iy ;sridr ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sh bÈßhg f.khdu ms<sn|j fuu úúO wud;HdxYj,g fmdÿ ie,ls,a,la we;' wruqo,a fhduq lsÍu i|yd ks;s wëCIK ls%hdldrlï iys; yd wod, ish`M md¾Yajlrejkag iy wud;HdxYj,g m%;sM, jd¾;d lrkq ,nk tla udj;la muKla mej;Su" Tjqkaf.a fuu mrud¾: i|yd uy;a msgqjy,la jkq we;'


30

YS% ,xldfõ fndfyduhla .%dóh ixj¾Ok jevigyka" Tjqkaf.a ls%hd;aul lsÍfï kHdh m;%hkayS wvq ldnka úi÷ï ud;%hka wka;¾.;fldg ;sî we;' flfia jqjo" fuu .%dóh jevigykaj, foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdij,g wkqj¾;kh ùu iy wvq lsÍu meyeÈ,s f,i fyda jeo.;afldg y÷kdf.k fkdue;' m%cdjka oekqj;a lsÍu iy ixfõ§ lsÍu msKsi fuu .%dóh ixj¾Ok jevigyka ;=< foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihkag wkqj¾;kh ùu iy wvq lsÍu yqjd oelaúh hq;=h'

nyq md¾Yjldr ls%hdj,s 1' isú,a iudc ixúOdk" m%;s,dNS m%cd idudðlhska" l%udkql+,j ieliqKq m%cdjka iy ks,OdÍ

ksfhdað;hska ish,a,kau" foaY.=Ksl m%;sm;a;s iïmdokfhys iy whjeh ieliSfï ;SrK .ekSfï ls%hdj,sfhys fldgialrejka úh hq;=h' M,odhS ie,iqïlrK ls%hdj,shl jeo.;au wx.hla jkafka mqM,a iyNd.sFjhhs' lK.dgqodhl f,i lghq;= fuf,i isÿjkafka b;d iSñ; m%udKhlg muKls' wjika m%;s,dNSka fndfydaúg WmfoaYl ls%hdj,sfhys ksfhdackh jkafka ke;'

2 ie,iqïlrKfha§ yd ls%hd;aul lsÍfï§ ìï uÜgfï isg jQ m%fõYhla .; hq;= w;r"

mßmd,kfha iy ;SrK .ekSfï§ o my<u ia:rh olajd hd hq;=h' WodyrKhla f,i" bkaÈhdfõ ksjdi uKaä uÜgfï m%dka; ks,OdÍka" fndfydaúg m%dka; uÜgfï§ ls%hd;aul flfrk m%;sm;a;Ska .ek oekqj;a fkdue;slu" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk jD;a;slhska úiska fidhdf.k we;'

3' m%cdjka iy ìï uÜgfï ixúOdkj,g" wjYH;d ;lafiare lsÍï iy jevigyka i|yd

iqÿiq;djhka wdÈh we;=<;a jQ m%cd uÜgfï m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Okfhys kshe,sh yelsh' 4' rdcH jevigykaj, wëCIKh" jd¾;dlrKh iy ksrjoH;dj mÍCId lsÍu (MRV)" ish`M

md¾Yjlrejkag j. ùu iys;j mdroDYH úh hq;=h' jevigyka ;lafiare lsÍï isú,a iudcfha idudðlhska iy fmdÿ uyck;dj iu`. fnod .; hq;=h'

fjk;a ks¾foaY

jevigyka w;rueo ksjerÈ lsÍfï wjYH;djhka ms<sn|j .=K fodia úfõpk wkdjrKh lr.ekSu msKsi l<ska l< /iaùï iy jevuq`M meje;aúh hq;=h' ìï uÜgfï fukau cd;sl" m%dka;" Èia;s%la yd fldÜGdY uÜgïj, o rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fuu jHdhduh i|yd iyNd.S úh hq;=h' tf,iskau" lDIs l¾udka; iy .%dóh ixj¾Ok cd;sl nexl=j (National

Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development - NABARD)" jeks uQ,H wdh;k o fï i|yd

iyNd.S úh hq;=h'

cd;sl iudf,dapk jd¾Islj meje;aúh hq;=h' fldÜGdY uÜgfï iudf,dapk udislj meje;aúh hq;= w;r" m%dka; iudf,dapk udi 6lg jrla meje;aúh hq;=h' fujeks ksrka;r iudf,dapk iS>% yd läkï ÈYd ksjerÈ lsÍï wjYH jqjfyd;a tajd isÿ lsÍug;a" wruqo,a woyia lrk ,o wruqK i|yd Ndú;d jk njg j.n,d .ekSug;a bv i,ikq we;' fuu iudf,dapk /iaùïj,g iyNd.Sùu i|yd uQ,H m%;smdok fjka l< hq;=h' fm!oa.,sl wxYh o fï i|yd we;=<;a lr .; hq;=h' wdh;ksl iudc j.lSï (Corporate Social

Responsibilities) wruqKq i|yd iydh jk l¾udka; fï i|yd úfYaI jkq we;'

YS% ,xldfõ" ìï uÜgfï isú,a iudcj, iy m%cd ixúOdkj, ksfhdað;hska yg rch úiska ms<s.;a yd iïnJëlrKh lrkq ,nk cd;sl fiajd lKavdhï iy foaY.=Ksl wkqj¾;k


31

ld¾hd,j,g iyNd.S úh yel' fuhg" m%cd bÈß o¾Yk ls%hdj,sh ;=<g f.k tau i|yd" ìï uÜgfï ls%hdldÍ" m%dfoaYSh" cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk we;=<;a úh yel' tjka ixúOdk w;r iïnJëlrKh i|yd fõÈldjla jk isú,a iudc ixúOdkhkaf.a ixioh (Civil Society Organizations Forum) ;=<§ isú,a iudc idudðlhskago foaY.=Khg

wod, ls%hdj,Ska i|yd ls%hdYS,Sj ksr; úh yelsh'

Odß;d j¾Okh 1' ;dCIKh mejÍï fyda iykdOdr muKla yqjd olajk" mj;sk rdcH uQ,sl mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s (RE) ;dCIK jeviyka wld¾hCIuh' id¾:lFjh i|yd m%;s,dNSkayg iQodkï

ùula yd È.ska È.gu iyfhda.ho wjYH flf¾' tfyhska m%;s,dNSka i|yd kjuq iy miq úmrï iydh iys; jQ RE ;dCIKfha Ndú;h yd kv;a;=j ms<sn| mQK_ mqyqKq ieis meje;aùu

w;HdjYH fõ' 2' myiqfjka ,nd.; yels whqßka" foaYSh NdIdj,ska ieliQ foaY.=Ksl wkqj¾;kh iy wvq

lsÍï i|yd we;s iïm;a f,aLk.; l< hq;=h' 3' ;dCIK há;, myiqlï" úfYaIfhkau wka;¾ cd,hg msúiSug bv i,ik tajd" Yla;su;a

l< hq;=h' foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdij, wjodku" wk;=re iy úi÷ï ms<sn|j yd tajd iu`. Èú f.jkakg wfmaCId lrk m%cd idudðlhskag f;dre;=rej,g myiqfjka ,`.d ùfï yelshdj b;d jeo.;ah'

4' úi÷ï m%o¾Ykh lsÍu" ixúOdkh lsÍu wjYHh' mqyqKq lsÍï muKla iEuúgu m%udKj;a

fkdfõ' úfYaIs; jevigyka wruqKq lrk ck;dj i|yd yqjudre fyda wdo¾Yl pdßld wjYHh' YlH" Tmamq lrk ,o ls%hd;aul úi÷ï oel" ta ms<sn| m%Yak lsÍug bv yeÍu ;=<ska b,lal.; m%cdjg tu ;dCIKhka jvd;a hqyqiq Mj je<| .ekSu o" È.= ld,Skj b;du;a jeo.;a jYfhka tajd Ndú;d lrkafka flfiaoehs oek .ekSu i|yd Tjqkg bv m%ia:djo ,nd Èh hq;=h'

fjk;a ks¾foaY fkamd,fha .ï jeishka yqfolau Odß;d j¾Ok ls%hdldrlïj,g iyNd.S ùu msKsi idudkHfhka i;shla fyda Bg jeä ld<hla f.jdf.k fndfyda ÿr .uka lrhs' i;aFj md,kfha ksr; Tjqkg tf,i Tjqkaf.a ksfjiaj,ska neyerj È.= ld<hla .; lsÍu wmyiqh' tla tla m%cd lKavdhfuys jeä ck;djla lrd ,`.d ùug kï .%du ixj¾Ok fldñáfha tla tla fldgila fjkqfjka fmdÿ f.dvke`.s,a,la ne`.ska ck;d m%fhdackhg fjkalr ;sìh hq;=h' tu ia:dk fuu m%cdjf.a fldÜGdY ;=< Odß;d j¾Ok mqyqKq ieis meje;aùug myiqlïj,ska iukaú; tajd úh hq;=h'

iu m%;s,dN iys; úi÷ï fhdod .ekSu foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihka wvq lsÍu yd tajdg wkqj¾;kh ùu i|yd oekg mj;sk uQ,H m%;smdok jvd w¾:dkaú;j iy M,odhSj fhdod .; hq;=h' INDC ys olajd we;s mßÈ mQK_ l%fudamdhka

i|yd" ;sridr ixj¾Okhg iy foaY.=Ksl wNsu;d¾:hka jvd;a Yla;su;aj ne£ we;s jevigyka wfmaCId lrhs'


32

fjk;a ks¾foaY mj;sk rdcH iqnidOk fyda ixj¾Ok jevigyka" foaY.=Khg wod, wNsu;d¾:hka idCId;a lr.ekSu yd iïnJO l< hq;=h' tjeks foaY.=Khg wod, wNsu;d¾:hkag iïnJO l< hq;= jevigyklg tla WodyrKhla f,i bkaÈhdfõ mQK_ yd uqM rgu wdjrKh flfrk uy;aud .dkaë cd;sl .%dóh /lshd iaÓr lsÍfï mk; (Mahathma Gandhi National Rural Employment

Guarantee Act- MGNREGA) .; yel'

ia;s%" mqreI iudcNdjh m%Odk m%jdyhla lr .ekSu 1' ldka;djka i|yd jk" foaY.=Kh iïnJO iydh fhdackd l%u läkï l< hq;=h' fuh

w;sYhska jeo.;a jkafka Tjqkag Wmldr lsÍu b,lal lr.;a fhdackd l%uj,g m%fõY ùu i|yd jeä jYfhka iydh wjYH jk ksid;a foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi ;=<ska fkdúh hq;= wdldrfhka n,mEug ,lajkafkao Tjqkau ksid;ah' iudc wd¾Óluh wjysr;d iy ixialD;suh ksfIaO th ldka;djka yg n,OdÍka fj; ,`.d ùu fyda Tjqkag wjYH f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu ;jÿrg;a wNsfhda.dFul lrhs'

2' ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh iïnJO iudc wd¾Óluh .eg`M ms<sn|j yd tajdg ixfõ§ lreKq

ms<sn|j ks,OdÍka oekqj;a lsÍu wjYHh' Tjqkayg jevigykaj, m%;s,dNSkajk iy ùug bv we;s ldka;djka yg Wmldr lsÍfï§" .e,fmk yd ksjerÈ yeisÍu ms<sn|j mqyqKqj ,nd §uo wjYHh' óg wu;rj ldka;djka iu`. jev lsÍu i|yd ks,OdÍka f,i ks,OdÍ uvq`Mj, ldka;djka ixLHdj jeä lsÍu" m%;s,dNSka ùug bv we;s ldka;djka yg uy;a úYajdihlska ks,OdÍka lrd hEug fm<Uùula jkq we;'

3' ldka;djka i|yd jk Odß;d j¾Ok mqyqKqj Tjqka n, .ekaùu i|yd uQ,sl jk oekqu

imhhs' WodyrKhla f,i wvq ldnka ;dCIKh fhdod .ekSu iys; jQ wdodhï bmehSï mqyqKqj ,nd §u .; yel' th ,nd .kakd ldka;djkaf.a Ôjfkdamdh iqrCIs; lrkq ,nkjd muKla fkdj tu ;dCIK fjk;a wh úiska id¾:lj fhdod .ekSu i|yd wkqn,hlao jkafkah'

4' COP-19 ;=< wka;¾.; lr we;s wdldrfha zzmßirh yd ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh ZZ iQÑhl

cd;sl wkqjdohka mej;sh hq;=h' tajd isú,a iudc ixúOdkj,g (CSOs) foaY.=Ksl

m%;sm;a;Ska ;=< ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh m%Odk m%jdyhla f,i fhdod .ekSu ms<sn|j rchkaf.a m%.;sh ;lafiare lr .ekSug bv i,ikq ,nk fmdÿfõ ,nd.; yels iQÑhla imhhs'

5' m%dfoaYSh l,.=Ksl úm¾hdi wvq lsÍfï uyd mßudK ls%hd;aul ùï läkï lsÍu i|yd

ldka;djkag ys;ldó jk uQ,H l%u" b;d jeo.;a fõ' Tjqkaf.a ÿIalr;d iy wêl jev rdcldÍ wvq lr .ekSug fukau foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdikaf.a n,mEï wvq lsÍu i|yd odhl ùug fhdað; ;dCIKhkaf.a m%d:ñl Ndú;d lrkakka f,i" ldka;djkag yels jkafkah' tfiau ksjfia iy orejkaf.a m%Odk Ndrlrejka f,iska ldka;djka m%Odk .Dyia: ;SrK .kafkdao jkafkah' uqo,aj,g iy f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug bv i,id ÿkfyd;a Tjqkg Tjqkaf.a iuia: mjq,aj,g m%;s,dN ,eìh yels" fuu foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi wvq lsÍfï ;dCIKhka fhdod .;yels jkq we;'


33

fjk;a ks¾foaY fkamd,fha jeks we;eï ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj, mqreIhska /lshd fidhd ueo fmrÈ. fyda kef. kysr wdishdjg ixl%uKh ùfï m%jK;djhla mj;S' tys m%;sM,hla f,i msßñ" ldka;d

wkqmd;h wvqfjñka mj;S' fndfyda msáirno .ïudk úYd, jYfhka ldka;djkaf.a iy <uqkaf.a jdi N+ñ f,ig m;aj we;' tu ksid uQ,H wdh;kj,ska EVD úi÷ï i|yd m%fõYh jeä lsÍu

msKsi Kh fnod yeÍfï ls%hdj,sh" ldka;djkaf.a wjYH;d ms<sn|j i,lñka ixfYdaOkh l< hq;=j we;' WodyrKhla jYfhka EVD úi÷ï fyda mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKH (RETs) iu`.

ixfhdað; jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍug woyia lrk ;ks ujlg wemhla wjYH fkdjk Khla ,nd Èh hq;=h' wfkla w;g hï ldka;d lKavdhulg kj jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍug wjYH jQ úg Tjqkg lKavdhï wemhka u; Kh myiqlï ,nd Èh yelsh' túg RET iy EVD úi÷ï i|yd jk

mdfjk iykdOdr m%udKhka i|yd o iudk WmudK Ndú;d l< yel'

uQ,HlrKh 1' wruqo,a úfYaIs;ju m%dfoaYSh" yß;" ìï uÜgfï kjH;djka i|yd wdOdr lsÍu msKsi

ks¾foaY l< hq;=h' 2' wvq uQ,sl msßjehla wjYH lrk .%dóh mßirhg jvd;a WÑ; RET" i|yd zzl=vd ;dCIK

wruqo,ZZla msysgqúh hq;=h' fuu ls%hdud¾.h msßisÿ ;dCIK wruqo, iSudj ;=<g ukdj .e,fma'

3' rchka úiska mqoa.,sl uQ,dY%hka" yß; uQ,HdOdr m%odkh lsÍu i|yd WkJÿ lrjk fr.=,dis

flgqïm;a l< hq;=h' fldgia yqjudre iajrEmfhka" fj<|fmd, wkqmd; Kh" iykodhS Kh iy ldnka wruqo,a jeks wh nÿ fyda fjk;a jD;a;Suh fj<| l%u ;=<ska iïmdokh lr.;a úúOdx.SlrKh jQ fm!oa.,sl wdh;ksl wdfhdack uQ,dY%j, wruqo,a foaY.=Ksl úi÷ï i|yd Ndú;d l< yel'

4' .%dóh ck;dj i|yd myiq uQ,HlrKhla y÷kajd Èh hq;=h' .%dóh ck;dj idudkHfhka

uQ,H wdh;kj,g m%fõYhla fkdue;s jQjkah' uQ,H hdka;%Khkag m%fõYhla fkdue;s Èß .ekajqKq f.dùka fyda mßir ys;ldó jHjidhlhska mjd Tjqkaf.a jHdmdr w;ayer oukq ,nhs' tjeks ;;aFjhla ;=< ;sridr úi÷ï lrd t<öfï wjia:d jeälr" .ïjdiSkag Tjqkaf.a .ïudk ixj¾Okh lr.ekSug bv i,iñka" kjH uQ,HlrK wdlD;shla iys; jQ CIqø uQ,H ixl,amh y÷kajd Èh hq;=h' hï m%udKhlg CIqø uQ,HlrKh mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s i|yd ol=Kq wdishdfõ id¾:lj Ndú;d l<o fuu mqreoao wjYH;dj iys; iEu m%foaYhlu jHdma; l< hq;=h'

5' kd.ßl m%foaYj, nexl= úiska Ndú;d lrkq ,nk uQ,H jdylhka .%dóh m%foaYj,§ Ndú;d

lrk tajdg jvd fjkia úh hq;=h' m%;sm;a;s ielish hq;af;a .ïudkj, Ôj;ajk È<s÷ ck;dj i|yd wemlrejka wjYH fkdjk whqßkah' fndfydaúg .eñhka fndfyda ÿr f.jdf.k uQ,H wdh;k fj; hEu isÿfõ' tu ksid Kh wkqu; lsÍfï ls%hdj,sh läkï yd lrorj,ska f;dr úh hq;=h' tjeks wdh;k i|yd .%dóh ld¾hd, mej;sh hq;=h' nexl=j,go .ïno m%foaYj, wdfhdackhka lsÍu i|yd iudc j.lSula ;sìh hq;=h' we;eï .ïno m%foaYj, m%dfoaYSh CIqø uQ,H wdh;k (MFIs) mej;sho" Tjqkaf.a fmd,S wkqmd; fndfydaúg

nexl=j,ska wh flfrk fmd,S wkqmd;j,g jvd jeäh'


34

6' RET jHdmD;sj, m%;sM, jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd iykdOdr Wmfhdackh ;=< m%;sixialrK

isÿ l< hq;=h' RET i|yd m%;s,dNSka tajd ksis whqßka mßyrKh lsÍu ms<sn|

wúksYaÑ;Ndjhg wjOdkh iys;j" Rcq iykdOdr iemhSu" m%fõiï iys;j Wmfhda.S lr.; hq;= jkafkah' fuu j.ùu m%;s,dNSka w;r whs;sh ms<sn| ye`.Sula cks; lsÍug bjy,a jkq we;'

fjk;a ks¾foaY RET uQ,HlrKh i|yd iykdOdr iïnJOj m%;sixialrK folla mekùug wjYHj we;' bka

m<uqjekak jkqfha" RET ls%hd;aul lsÍfuys,d .kq ,nk Kh fmd,S wkqmd;h i|yd

iykdOdrhla y÷kajd §uhs' fuu`.ska wdrïNl fmd,S wkqmd;h wvq l< yels w;r" bka fufia msßjeh wvqlr È<s÷ whg tjka ;dCIK i|yd wdfhdackh lsÍug WkJÿ lrjkq ,nhs' fojkqj" iykdOdr iemhSu ksYaÑ; fldkafoais imqrd,Sug wkql+,j isÿjk whqßka l%udkql+, m%jK;djhla f.dvke`.sh hq;=h' úi÷ï ls%hd;aul lr ia:dmkh lsÍfuka miqj muKls wjika m%;s,dNSka fj; kshñ; wdfhdack iykdOdr uqo,a ,ndÈh hq;af;a' fuys§ isú,a iudchkayS N+ñldj b;d jeo.;a jkafkah' Tjqka fuu wjia:djkays§ wëCIKh iy ;lafiare lsÍï isÿ lsÍfï muKla fkdj" tla tla wjia:d i|yd lskï iykdOdrhla" fld;rï m%udKhlska ,nd Èh hq;=o hkak ks¾foaY lsÍfï j.lSu orkafkdao fj;s' wdodhï bmeoaoùu 1' ol=Kq wdishdfõ ck.yKfhka úYd, m%udKhla Tjqkaf.a Ôúld jD;a;sh i|yd lDIsl¾uh

fyda lDIsl¾uh wdYs%; l¾udka; u; hefmkafkda fj;s' ldnksl f.dú;ek jeks ;sridr lDIsld¾ñl l%u iy fjk;a wvq ldnka úi÷ï i|yd fukau foaY.=K kuHYS,S ls%hdldrlï i|yd iydh ùu fuys§ jeo.;a jkafkah'

2' úfYaIfhkau wd¾Ól fya;+ka u; ixl%uKh ùï nyq, iEu ;eklu wdodhï bmeoaoùfï

ls%hdldrlï ms<sn| mqyqKqj ,ndÈh hq;=h' ìï uÜgfï§ foaY.=K kuHYS,S iy wvq ldnka úi÷ï i|yd wdodhï bmeoaoùfï lsÍï ixúOdkh lrkq ,nk fyda ls%hd;aul lrk rdcH fkdjk ixúêkj,g Tjqkaf.a odhlFjh i|yd uQ,Huh wOdr iemhsh hq;= w;r" Tjqkaf.a mqyqKq lsÍïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh lsÍu msKsi úoHd, iy úYajúoHd, iu`. iïnJO;djhkao i,id Èh hq;=h'

fjk;a ks¾foaY 1' ldnksl f.dú;ek WkJÿ lrùu msKsi iy;sl lsÍu wjYH fõ' ldnksl f.dú;efka

ksIamdÈ;hka i|yd fjku fj<|m,la fyda ms<s.;a cd;sl n,Odßhl=f.a iy;slhla fkdue;' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka ldnksl ksIamdokhkag ;r`. lrkakg isÿj we;af;a ridhksl fmdfydr fhdod f,dal iïu; f,i j.d lrkq ,nk lDIs fNda. iu`.h' fndfydaúg tu ksIamdo ldnksl ksIamdokj,g jvd ñf,ka wvqh' ldnksl ksIamdok i|yd fjku fj<|m,la ìysl< hq;=j we;' fuu ksIamdokhka tajd ldnksl nj oelaùu i|yd úfYaIs; f,an,hlska m%o¾Ykh l< hq;= w;r" iy;sl lrkq ,nk ks,OdÍhdo y÷kajd Èh


35

hq;=h' m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï wëCIK tackais úiska ldnksl ksIamdokhkaf.a .=KdFulNdjh ;yjqre l< hq;=h' f.dúhl=f.a ksIamdok" ldnksl ksIamdÈ;hkaf.a m%ñ;shg mj;skafkao hkak ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd l%ufõohla we;af;a kï Tjqkg ta i|yd fyd| ñ,la iy;sl l< yelsh' fuf,iska ridhksl fmdfydr Ndú;h neyer lsÍu i|yd Tjqka Èß .kajkq we;s w;r" Tjqkaf.a wjOdkh ldnksl f.dú;ek fj; jvd;a keUqre jkq we;'

2' wdodhï bmeoaoùfï mqyqKq lsÍï iemhSu muKlska wdodhï bmeoaoùfï Odß;dfjys jeäùula

;yjqre fkdjkq we;' iudklï iys; jQ mqyqKq lsÍï ;=<ska wf,úlrK l%fudamdh" ñ, mekùu iy wiqreïlrKh wdÈho iu`.ska wdodhï bmeoaoùfï mqyqKqj ,ndÈh hq;=h' mqyqKqj ,nkakka fujka mqyqKq fudähq, úYsIaG f,i wjika l<o Tjqka ,nd.;a l=i,;d ;=<ska Ôú;h f.dvk`.d .ekSug wfmdfydiFj isák we;eï wjia:d ms,sn|j oek.kakg we;' wf,úlrK l%ufõohka fukau fj<|m,g msúiSfï l%ufõo ms<sn|jo wdodhï bmeoaoùï mqyqKq lsÍïj,g wka;¾.; úh hq;=h'

fm!oa.,sl wxYh iïnJO lr .ekSu i. foaY.=Ksl ixfõ§ ls%hdldrlïj,g iydh ùu i|yd m%Odk ñ;% lKavdhula úh yelafla

fm!oa.,sl wxYhhs' Tjqkaf.a iduQysl iudc j.lSï (CSR) mejreug foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi

wvq lsÍfï ls%hdldrlï wka;¾.; lr.; yelsh' CSR jevigyka yd ìï uÜgfï rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdk w;r jeä iïnJO;djhka Èßu;a lsÍuo jeo.;ah' CSR jevigyka

iys; fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj,g n,Yla;s iïnJO jevigyka lrd úúOdx.SlrKh ùug WkJÿ lrúh hq;=h' Tjqkg uQ,HdOdr u`.ska fyda Odß;dj ixj¾Okh lsÍfï mqyqKq lsÍï fyda wdhqO wdïmkak iemhSfuka fyda ;dCIKfhka fyda l=i,;d j¾Ok yd wdodhï bmeoaoùfï ud¾. ms<sn| mqyqKqj ,nd§fuka EVD ls%hd,shg odhlFjh ,nd Èh yelsh'

ii. fm!oa.,sl wxYh Tjqkaf.a wdfhdackhka úúOdx.SlrKh lrñka" iudc j.lSï iys;"

.%dóh moku iys;" wvq ldnka ;dCIKfõohka jeks ks, ld¾hhka we;=<;a jQ yß; wdfhdack fCIa;% fj; fhduq ùu i|yd Tjqkag ta;a;= .ekaùu wjYH jkafkah' ol=Kq wdishd l,dmh foaY.=Ksl n,mEï wvq lsÍï i|yd jk wdfhdack wjia:d /ila bÈßm;a lrhs' tajd fhda.H ksIamdÈ;hka yd fiajdjka iys; EVDhg iydh olajhs' iudÔh

jYfhka jákdlula iys; fj<| jHdmdßl ls%hdldrlï EVDh uyd mßudKfhka m%p,s;

lsÍfï§ wfkaldldÍ jkafkah' l,dmSh iyfhda.S;djh i. foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi wvq lsÍug yd tajdg wkqj¾;kh ùfï úi÷ï i|yd" fhda.H

;dCIKhka m%fhdackh i|yd ,nd .ekSug bv ie,iSu n,j;a wjYH;djhls' tu ksid m%dfoaYSh" wvq úhoï ;dCIKfõohka mßmQK_ f,i f,aLk.; lr we;s iy tajdfha Ndú;dj ms,sn| f;dr;=re we;=<;a jQ ;dCIK yqjudre nexl=jla fyda hdka;%Khla ol=Kq wdishdlrfha rgj,a i|yd ia:dms; l< hq;=j we;' ol=Kq wdishdfõ idudðl rgj,aj,g fuu ;dCIKhkaf.a ie,iqï yd ms,sú;r" tajdfha ñ,g iy ixlS¾KFjhg wkql+,j fkdñf,a fyda iykodhS n,m;%hla u`.ska fyda idudðl uqo,lg ,nd .ekSug yels wjia:djla ie,ish hq;=h'

ii. mqyqKq jD;a;slhska iy ld¾ñlhska ie,ls,a,la olajk rgj,aj, RET ls%hd;aul lsÍu

i|yd heùu i|yd l%ufõohla mej;sh hq;=h' fuu`.ska wvq úhoï" wvq lsÍfï iy


36

wkqj¾;kh ùfï ;dCIKhka ixj¾Okh fldg myiqfjka fnod .ekSu i|yd bv ie,fik w;r" ol=Kq wdishdj i|yd jvd;a ld¾hidOl l%fudamdhka m%;sM, jYfhka ,efnkq we;'

iii. zztaldnoaO ol=Kq wdishd;sl foaY.=Ksl wruqo,ZZ (Joint South Asian Climate Fund) ia:dms;

l<fyd;a" th jeo.;a l<dmh i|yd jk taldnoaO foaY.=Ksl wruqo,a uQ,dY%hla f,i fiajd imhk w;ru" oekg mj;sk f,aLkfhys fhdackd lr we;s whqßka tla tla rg ;=< ls%hd;aul ls%hdldrlï i|yd iydh i,ikq we;' fï i|yd wruqo,a foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi iy iajdNdúl jHikhka w;r iïnJO;djh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka kS;Hdkql+, ixj¾Ok- iydh wruqo,ska yd kjH foaY.=Ksl iïnJO wruqo,a uQ,dY%hkaf.ka ,eìh yelsh' fuu l,dmSh jevms,sfj, yß; foaY.=K wruqo, (Green Climate Fund- GCF) jeks cd;Hka;r

hdka;%K m%;sia:dmkh lsÍu msKsi fkdj tajdg w;sf¾l jYfhks'

3'3 cd;Hka;r ks¾foaY cd;sl yd Wm-cd;sl ixj¾Ok jevigyka" m%dfoaYSh úi÷ï iys; ixj¾Okh" m%j¾Okh lsÍu id¾:l lr.ekSu msKsi jQ m%;sm;a;s iïnJO lreKq wduka;%Kh l< hq;= w;r" ol=Kq wdishdfõ uyd mßudK yß; .ïudk ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sfhys id¾:lFjh i|yd cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;djho w;HdjYH jkafkah' EVD jeks jevigyka iu`. Tjqkaf.a .ïudkj, ck;dj oßø;djfhka uqojd .ekSu i|yd

rdcHhka úiskau ;u ;udf.a cd;sl wjYHdx. ,nd Èh hq;=h' flfia jqjo" cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;djh" Wmldrhla f,ig úh hq;=h' th EVD ls%hd;aul lsÍfï§ m%Odk ldrKdjka jk

m%dfoaYSh úi÷ïj,g iy m%cd iyNd.SFjhg újD; úh hq;=h' foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihka wvq lsÍu iy tajdg wkqj¾;kh ùu id¾:l ùug kï cd;Hka;r iydh wjYH jk nj ol=Kq wdishdfõ foaYhka i|yd jk INDC ys m%ldY fldg we;'

cd;Hka;r wruqo,aj, wjOdrKh mej;sh hq;af;a Ôj jdhq ;dCIKh iy jeäÈhqKq l< msisk W÷ka jeks ixj¾Okh" ia;S% mqreI mqñ;srNdjh" wdydr iqrCIs;;djh hkdÈhg odhlFjh iemfhk wvq úhoï iy oeßh yels foaY.=K úm¾hdi wvq lsÍfï úi÷ï i|ydh' WodyrKhla f,i tajd odhl úh hq;af;a EVD úi÷ï i|yd jk wdrïNl úhoïj,ska fldgila i|ydh' th

fndfyda úg wvq ;sridr njla iys; fjk;a úl,amj,g jvd jeä jkq we;' cd;Hka;r uQ,HdOdr" cd;sl wruqo,a iúu;a l< hq;=h' tajd m%dfoaYSh iydfhys úksúo Ndjh mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ úh hq;= w;r" tajd cd;sl wruqo,a i|yd wm fhdackd l< tla ljqM m%fõYh ixl,amhg .e,msh hq;=h' foaY.=Kh yd iïnJO uQ,HlrK iïm;aj,ska hï m%udKhla EVD i|yd iy wvq yß;d.dr

jdhq úfudapkhka iys; fjk;a m%dfoaYSh úi÷ï i|yd ,nd Èh yelsh' fuu m%dfoaYSh úi÷ï meßia .súiqfï úfYaIfhka olajd we;s foaY.=Ksl uQ,HlrKh iy COP 21 ys§ tl`.;djhlg

meñKs flá ld,Sk ls%hdud¾. ms<sn| ;SrKj,g m%uqL;djhla úh hq;=h' mj;sk cd;Hka;r ixj¾Ok iydh ;=<o tajd wka;¾.; l< hq;=h' flfia jqjo" uQ,HlrK m%ñ;Ska fuu uQ,HOdr kS;Hdkl+, ixj¾Ok iydh úhoñka ,nd fkdfokakgo" tfiau fuu uQ,HdOdr iydh ,nd§fï l%ufõoh iy fldkafoais m%;s,dNS foaYhkaf.a wNsu;d¾:hkag mgyeks fkdjk njgo j. n,d .; hq;=h'


37

flá ld,Sk jYfhka wm fhdackd lrkq ,nkafka (

ol=Kq wdishd;sl rgj,a" Tjqka f.da,Sh foaY.=Ksl wruq, (GCF) fj; bÈßm;a lrk

jHdmD;s whÿï ;=< yß; .ïudk ixj¾Ok (EVD) úi÷ï wka;¾.; lrkq ,nhs'

fjk;a foaY.=Ksl wruqo,ao" oaùmd¾Yaúl fõjd nyqmd¾Yaúl fyda f.da,Sh ld,.+Ksl wruq,a (GCF) iy fjk;a uQ,dY%j,ska fõjd" EVD úi÷ïj, i|yd m%uqL;djh fokq ,nhs'

l,dmSh iy nyqmd¾Yùh uQ,HlrK wdh;k COP 21 .súiqïj,g wkql+, ùula f,i EVD

úi÷ï wka;¾.; jQ foaY.=Ksl uQ,HlrKhla i|yd m%uqL;djh ,nd fohs'

EVD úi÷ï flaJø lr.;a wvq ldnka wd¾Ólhka f.dvke`.Su lrd hEug wdOdr lsÍu

i|yd f.da,Sh ld<.=Ksl úm¾hdi wvq lsÍfï wruqo,ska zúfYaIs; wruqo,laZ ia:dms; lrkq ,nhs'

UNFCCC foaY.=Ksl ;dCIK hdka;%Kho" EVD i|yd wdOdr lsÍula f,i oekqu" m<mqreoao iy

;dCIKh yqjudre lr.ekSfï myiqlï ie,lsh hq;=h' m%p,s; lsÍu W;=r iy ol=K foflkau úh hq;= w;r" l<yels jeäÈhqKq lsÍï" wkqj¾;kh ùï iy ;dCIKfõohka Wmßufhka Ndú;d lsÍu iy úfYaIs; cd;sl iy m%dfoaYSh ;;aFjhkg .e,fmk úi÷ï i|yd wdOdr l< hq;=h' UNFCCC foaY=.=Ksl ;dCIK hdka;%Kh ;=<ska imhkq ,nk iyfhda.S;djhkg .=Kd;aul Ndjh

md,kh lsÍuo we;=<;a l< hq;=h' cd;Hka;r .=Kd;aul ;;aFjhka Ndú;d lrkakka yg jeä ;Dma;shla ,eîug bv ie,fik w;r" úi÷ï i|yd È.= wdhq ld<hlao ,ndfokq we;' EVD úi÷ï fhda.Hjk iEu wjia:djl§u" ol=Kq wdishd;sl foaYhka tajd Tjqkaf.a ;dCIKh

mejÍï i|yd jk b,a,Sïj,g we;=<;a l< hq;=h' UNFCCC ;dCIK hdka;%Kh iy tys

foaY=.=Ksl ;dCIK uOHia:dkh iy cd,h (CTCN) hgf;a .efkk kjH ;dCIK yd ixj¾Ok

bv m%ia:d i|yd o tfiau úh hq;=h' meßia .súiqu ls%hd;aul lsÍu;a iu`.u wkd.;fha§ mjd Tjqka ;dCIKh mejÍug wu;rj kjH;d iy ;dCIKsl ixj¾Okh ms<sn|j lghq;= isÿ lrkq we;'


38

4 - mßÉfþoh

.ïjeishkag jqjukd fudkjdo@

ìï uÜgfï isg by<g jk .eg`M úi§fï m%fõYhl§ kshu m%;s,dNSka yd ls%hdYS,Sj yeisfrñka yd Tjqkag weyqkalka foñka Tjqkaf.a yÈis wjYH;djka iy .eg`M f;areï .ekSu" tajd úi£u i|yd wjYH flf¾' wmf.a yjq,alrejka Tjqkaf.a l,dmhkayS .ïjdiSka iu`. Rcqju l;sldfldg Tjqkaf.a m%;spdr ,ndf.k Tjqkaf.a m%uqL;djhka ms<sn|j fyd| wjfndaOhla ,nd .kakd fuu mßÉfþofha tla tla .ïjeishkaf.a w;aoelSï iy Tjqkaf.a wjYH;djka ms<sn| m%ldY ixCIsma;j olajd we;' 5jeks mßÉfþofhys ixo¾Nh ;=< fuu WodyrKhka iy wod, jHdmD;s jvd;a úia;r iys;j olajd we;'

4'1 bkaÈhdj

wdodhï bmeoaoùu ( ldka;djka n, .ekaùu

ìñ,d bkaÈhdfõ Wm-ysud,hdkq m%foaYfhys W;a;rdldkaoa .ïudkfha ðj;ajk mkia tla jhie;s ,ÊcdYS,s ldka;djls'

úi÷ï ( WAFD iy INSEDA tlaj" ìñ,dg wehf.a j.d lrkq ,nk foaj,a krla fkdù l,a

mj;ajd .ekSu msKsi wvq úhoï WK nïnqfjka iE¥ iQ¾hn, úh<khla idod fok ,È' wehg wÉpdre j¾. iE§u" u,a iy m<;=rej,ska krla fkdjk fia ilia l< wdydr j¾. iE§u iy pÜks iE§u jeks w.h tl;= lsÍfï l%ufõo ms<sn|jo wOHhkhla ,nd fok ,È' wehg weiqreïlrKh ms<sn|jo mqyqKqj ,nd§ wef.a ksIamdokhka jeä ñ, .Kkaj,g wf,ú fldg uqo,la bmehSfï bv m%ia:dj i,ik ,È' weh jd¾;d lrkq ,nk wkaoug mqyqKqj ;=< wef.a f.!rjh jeäù we;s w;r" wef.a wd;au jákdlu ms<sn| ye`.Su jeäù we;' wd;afudamldr lKavdhïj,g iïnJOùfï§ weh lKavdhu ;=< kdhsldjl f,i iy wdo¾Yu;a ldka;jla f,i lemS fmfkkakg úh' weh WAFD ls%hdldÍ fjk;a .ïudk myl ldka;djkao WkJÿ lrjkakSh' WAFDh iy INSEDAh Tjqkaf.a jHdmD;s ;=< fkdñf,a ;dCIK iydh imhhs' m%;s,dNSka i|yd

;dCIKh msysgqùfï§ Tjqka tys jefhka fldgilao f.jkq ,nhs' bkaÈhdj ;=< ñ,shk ixLHd;

ìñ,d mejiQfha ( zzug jqjukd lrkafka ug iy uf.a mjqf,a wh fjkqfjka uqo,a yïn lr.kak mqMjka wdodhï bmehSfï l=i,;djla bf.k .kak' ,nd .kakd oekqfuka uf.a m%cdjg Woõ lrkak úYajdih ,nd .kak;a uu leu;shsZZ

rEmigyk4'1'1(ìñ,d wehf.a iQ¾hn, úh<kh iu`.


39

ldka;djkag" wvq úhoï iQ¾hn, úh<k Ndú;fhka wdydr ilid l,a ;nd .ekSu ;=<ska" tfia fkdl<fyd;a krlaù wmf;a hEu j,lajñka iy iu.dój kj wdodhï bmehSulao isÿ lrñka" m%;s,dN ,eîfï wjia:dj ysñj we;'

wdydr iqrCIs;;djh

bkaÈhdfõ rdcia:dka m%dka;fha -znka ls OdksZ .ïudkfha jeishka ish,a,u w| f.dùkah' Tjqka" lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdokhg úkdYldÍ n,mEï we;s l< §¾> kshx ld,hka w;aoel we;' ck;djg uqyqK §ug wmyiq fõ.hlska foaY.=K úm¾hdihka isÿfjk w;r" mdrïmßl f.dú;eka l%u wvq m%;sM, iys;j ls%hd;aul fõ'

EVD úi÷ï( bkaÈhdj ;=< Ôj jdhq cklhka ñ,shk mylg wêl ixLHdjla ia:dmkh lr

we;' fuu ;dCIKh jákd n,Yla;s uQ,dY%hla fukau f.dú;ek yd j.djka i|yd fmdfydr ,nd.; yels uQ,dY%hlao jkafkah' wu;r .Dyia: Ôjjdhq moaO;s ñ,shk 8l m%udKhla iïmdokh lsÍfï bv myiqlï b;sßj mj;S' mshisj,ska jeis c,h /ia lsÍu i|yd jk .nvd gexl"s .ïjeishkag jeis c,h /ia lr Ndú;d lsÍu ms<sn|j fmkaùug fhdod .kq ,eìK' WAFDh tajd iqrCIs;j ;nd .ekSu iy /ia

lr.kakd c,hg w.hla tl;= lsÍu ;=<ska tajd wmf;a hEu j,lajd .ekSu i|yd Tjqkaj mqyqKq lr we;'

rEmigyk 4'1'2 bkaÈhdfõ m%cd idlÉPdjla

m%cd iudðlhska mejiQfha(

zzwmg ´kE lrkafka" ksh`.hkag iy lDñ Wjÿßka wmf.a fNda. ke;s fkdjk" ridhkslhkaf.ka f;dr jQ fi!LHh iïmkak wdydr fNda. j.d lsÍug bv ie,fik kQ;k iy ldnksl f.dú;eka l%u bf.k .kakghs' t<fUk jir 2 isg 5 ld<h ;=< wfma uqM .fïu ldnksl f.dú;ek isÿ lrkjd oelSuhs wfma isyskh jkafkaZZ


40

4'2 nx.a,dfoaYh

n,Yla;s m%fõYh fudyïuâ fidhs*q,a jkdyS úkdYldÍ foaY.=Ksl úIu;d fya;=fjka m,d hk nx.a,dfoaYfha ñ,shk .Kkla jQ irKd.;hska msßil tla wfhls' Tyq ksjiska neyerj wj;eka jQ msßia mÈxÑj we;s úÿ,sn, moaO;sfhka msg; jQ ckmohl úYajdikSh n,Yla;s fyda mdkSh c,h i|yd iSñ; m%fõYhla iys;j jdih lrhs'

EVD úi÷ï( zz.%dñka Yla;sZZys wkq.%yfhka fidhs*q,a ;ukaf.a l=gqïNh i|yd úÿ,s nqnq`M

lSmhla oe,aúh yels iy Tyqf.a cx.u ÿrl:kh n,h leúug m%udKj;a jQ .Dyia: iQ¾hn, Yla;s moaO;shla ia:dmkh lr we;' we;eï fõ,dj,§ th úÿ,s mxldjla ls%hd;aul lsÍugo m%udKj;ah' fidhs*q,ag iy Tyqf.a mjqf,a whg ;jÿrg;a w÷f¾ Ôj;aùug isÿjkafka ke;' z.%dñka Yla;sZ muKla nx.a,dfoaYfha úÿ,s moaO;sfhka neyer m%foaYhkayS ñ,shkhlg jvd jeä ixLHdjla .Dyia: iQ¾h n,Yla;s moaO;s fnod yer we;' Tjqka m%;s,dNSkag ta i|yd f.ùug Kh myiqlï o i,id § we;'

wdrCIs; n,Yla;s m%fõYh Bn%dysï ñhd" fldajduqß .fï Ôj;ajk f.dúfhls' nx.a,dfoaYfha w. k.rh jk vld isg lsf,da óg¾ 35la muK jQ b;d flá ÿrlska msysáfha jqjo fuu .ïudkh úÿ,sn, moaO;shg iïnJO fkdue;' tu fya;=fjka fuys jeishkag N+ñf;,a jeks mqK¾ckkSh fkdjk bkaOk n,Yla;sh wdf,dallrKh i|yd fhdod .ekSug isÿj we;'

rEm igyk 4'2'1( fudyïuâ fidhs*q,a

fudyïuâ fidhs*q,a mejiQfõ( zzug ´kE lrkafka úYajdijka; n,Yla;s uQ,dY%hlg m%fõYhlaZZ

Bn%dysï ñhd mejiqfõ( zzug ´kE lrkafka uf.a ÿjg ksoyfia bf.kSï lghq;= lrkak mqMjka fjkak wdrCIs;j wdf,dalh ,nd .kak myiqlul=hsZZ'

rEm igyk 4'2'2( Bn%dysï ñhd

iy Tyqf.a ìß


41

EVD úi÷ï( úÿ,sn, moaO;shg iïnJOlr fkdue;s" b;d wvq há;, myiqlï iys;

ckdjdihl" Bn%dysï yg rd;s%fhys§ wdf,dalh /f.k wdfõ idïm%odhsl N+ñf;,a bkaOk ,dïmqjhs' fuu ,dïmq Ndú;fha§ fndfydaúg .sKs .ekSï we;sùu fya;=fjka n,j;a f,i wdrCIdj ms<sn| wjodkï ;;aFjhka Wod lrhs' Tjqkaf.a ksjfia mshiai u; iQ¾h n, moaO;sh ia:dmkh lsÍfuka miq Bn%dysï ñhd N+ñf;,a ,dïmq Ndú;h u; úYajdih ;eîfuka ksoyia úh' Tyq iy Tyqf.a l=gqïNfha whg oeka iqrCIs; yd úYajdikSh wdf,dallrK uQ,dY%hla ,eî we;s w;r" Tyqf.a ÈhKshg rd;S% ld,fha bf.kSï lghq;= lsÍug yelshdj we;'

4'3 fkamd,h

Ôjfkdamdh mqyqKqj md¾j;S oyd,a jkdyS 2015 wfma%,a 29 Èk fkamd,fha we;s jQ N+ñ lïmdfjka n,mEug ,lajQ ñ,shk 8la jQ ck;djf.a tla wfhls' weh zÑhdïrka.afíisZ .%dufhys mÈxÑ" .%du ixj¾Ok lñgqfõ (VDC) úhm;a

idudðldjls' weh mdßißl úkdYh fya;=fldgf.k we;s jkakdjQ iudÔh yd wd¾Óluh wfyaksh ms<sn|j jeä j¾Okh fjñka mj;sk oekqj;a Ndjh iys; .ïjeishka rdYshla ksfhdackh lrkakSh'

EVD úi÷ï( .ïjeishkaf.a lDIs Ôjfkdamdhka úYd, f,i jeäÈhqKq lsÍug bjy,a úh yels"

CIqø jdß WmlrK" iQ¾h n,Yla;s fmdïm" c, fuda,a iy yhsfv%d,sla ?ï fmdïm wdÈho we;=<;a jQ úúO EVD úi÷ï ,nd .ekSug yelsh' ck.yKfhka ishhg 75la muK lDIsl¾udka;fhys

fyda ta wdYs%; fCIa;%hkayS kshe,s foaYhl" lDIsld¾ñl M,odhS;djh i|yd odhljk tjka ;dCIKhka ls%hd;aul lsÍfuys,d buy;a bv m%ia:d mj;S' CRT fkamd,h" fuu m%foaYfha ;reK

;reKshka yg ldnksl f.dú;ek iy by; i|yka ;dCIKhka ms<sn|j jD;a;Suh mqyqKqj ,nd foñka isà'

md¾j;S oyd,a mejiQfõ(

zzug ´kE lrkafka wfma

mßirh ixrCIKh

lrkakhs' ta jf.au ug

jqjukdhs wfma ;reKhskag

mdßißlj ;sridr" wdodhï

bmeoaoùfï l%u iy

Ôjfkdamdh l%u ms<sn|j

mqyqKqj ,nd§ Tjqka /lshd

fidhd ksfjiaj,ska msgj

hEu k;r lrkakZZ'

rEmigyk 4'3'1 md¾j;S oyd,a


42

ldka;djka iún, .ekaùu i|yd mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

bJød l=udß .=¾updka jkdyS iskaÿ,s ys" rhskapqß VDC" vyd¾-

8ys mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda,a úÿ,sn, ckl (IWME)

l<ukdlrK lñgqfjys ksfhdacH iNdm;skshhs' w÷f¾ isá ld<h u;lhg kef.kúg wehg Ôú; ld<h ;=< ksis wdf,dalhla ,eîu uy;a Nd.Hhla f,i yef`.a'

EVD úi÷ï ( IWME jHdmD;shla fndfyda l=gqïNhka yg" by;§ .=jka úÿ,s hka;% yd úÿ,s

mkaoï i|yd negß fjkqfjka jeh l< uqo,a b;sß lr§ uy;a Wmldrhla lr we;' fmr l< mjqf,a ldka;djkag lEu ms<sfh, lsÍu i|yd bv ,enqfKa Èjd ld<fha meh lSmh muKs' oeka Tjqkg jeä ÈhqKq l< c, fuda,a wdOdrfhka úÿ,sn, m%fõYhla we;s ksid Tjqkg jeä ld<hla uqM;ekaf.j,aj, lghq;= lsÍug bv ,eîug wu;rj" wfkl=;a mjqf,a idudðlhska iu`. i;=gq idóÑfha fh§ug iy Tjqkaf.a <uqka iu`. fi,a,ï lsÍug o wu;r ld<hla ,eî we;' IWME

m%;s,dNS ck;dj w;r isák ldka;djkaf.a Ôjk rgd jeäoshqKq lsÍug odhlù we;s w;r" idïm%odhsl n,Yla;s uQ,dY%hka fjkqfjka .Dyfha wruqo,ska oeÍug isÿjqKq jeh nßka o Tjqka ksoyiaj we;' Tjqkag fjk;a w;sf¾l wdodhï W;amdok ls%hdldrlïj, ksr; ùugo bv m%ia:dj ,eî we;'

4'4 YS% ,xldj

n,Yla;s ;Sj%;dj wvq lsÍu iy úhoï wvq lsÍu EVD úi÷ï( YS% ,xldfõ IDEA

úiska .Dyia: jHdmdrj, Ndú;h i|yd jvd;a ld¾hCIu l¾udka; W÷ka ia:dmkh lr we;' kj W÷ka i|yd jeh jkafka" idïm%odhsl W÷kaj,g jvd iEfyk m%udKhlg wvq or m%udKhls' we;a; jYfhkau iuyr .Dyia: jHdmdrj, or mßfNdackh 50]lska muKu wvqù we;'

bJød l=udß .=¾updka mejiQfha( zz.%dóh Ôjfkdamdh Wiia lsÍu i|yd f.k tk mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIK fyda fjk;a ´kEu ;dCIKhka u`.ska ldka;djka w;r iún, .ekaùu ms<sn|j ye`.Sula cks; lrñka" Tjqkag wdodhï bmehSfï wjia:djka imhd §ug yels úh hq;=hZZ'

rEmigyk 4'3'2( bJød l=udß úÿ,s nqnq, ls%hd;aul lrñka

rEmigyk 4'4'1 ( rdcmCI

rdcmCI mejiQfõ( zzug jqjukd lf,a uf.a lsß fgd*S iE§fï jHdmdrh i|yd mdúÉÑ fjk or m%udKh wvqlr .ekSuhs' wfma idïm%odhsl W÷kg wjYH jk úYd, or m%udKh ñ,§ .ekSug jeh jQ uqo,;a wêlhs' or /ia lsÍu ug;a uf.a ìß|g;a b;du;a lrorldÍ lghq;a;laZZ'


43

rdcmCIf.a ksji jg-msgdfjka /ia lr.; yels or m%udKh" jeäÈhqKq l< jvd ld¾hCIu W÷k ls%hd lrùug m%udKj;a neúka Tjqkaf.a l=gqïNhg ;jÿrg;a or ñ,§ .ekSfï wjYH;djhla mek fkdk.S' rdcmCI iy Tyqf.a ìß|g Tjqkaf.a wdydr msi .ekSug wu;rj Tjqkaf.a jHdmdrh i|yd fgd*S iE§u o" jeäÈhqKq l< kj W÷k fya;=fjka läkï ù we;s w;r" th merKs W÷fkka msgjQ ÿï m%udKhg jvd wvq m%udKhla ÿï msg lsÍuo úfYaIs;h' jeäÈhqKq l< l¾udka; W÷ka" l=vd .Dyia: jHdmdr oyia .Kklg" Tjqkaf.a jev ìï ÿu rys; ia:dk njg m;a lsÍfuka iy oej bkaOk ñ,§ .; hq;= m%udK wvqlr,ñka" fi; ie,ish yelsh'

n,Yla;s ld¾hCIu;djh iy ;dCIK mejreu O¾ur;ak YS% ,xldfõ wkqrdOmqr Èia;s%lalfha l=vd mßudK .fvd,a ksIamdolfhls' Tyq ;djld,sl .fvd,a fmdarKqjla fhdod .ksñka Tyqf.a jev ìfuys" ;ksju .fvd,a oyia .Kkska ksIamdokh lrhs'

EVD úi÷ï( IDEA wdh;kh úiska O¾ur;akg" Tyqf.a .fvd,a ksIamdokh i|yd fhojqula f,i ÔjialJO wmøjHh Ndú;h ms<sn|j oekqj;a lrk ,È' ta iu`.u ld¾hCIu" wvq ¥IKh iys; jvd fyd| ;dm ixirKhla iys; fmdarKqjla i|yd jk ie,eiaulao Tyqg ,nd ÿks' jeäÈhqKq l< fmdarKqj or iy oyhshd oaúFjhu bkaOk f,iska Ndú;d lrhs' fuu`.ska idïm%odhsl l%u fhdod .ksñka .fvd,a ksmoùfï§ Wmoaokq ,nk ¥IK m%udKh wvq lr .ekSug o" oej bkaOk mßfNdackh wvq lr.ekSug o Wmldrhla ù we;' O¾ur;akg jeo.;a jkafka bka Tyqf.a ls%hdj,sh oeka fmrg jvd wvq ld<hla .ekSu;a" .sKs ,Efï§ leã ydkshg m;ajk .fvd,a m%udKh 15]lska muK my< nei ;sîu;ah' YS% ,xldj ;=< l=vd iy uOHu mßudKfha l¾udka; i|yd" Ôj -wmøjHhj,ska idïm%odhsl øjH m%;sia:dmkh lsÍfï w;s úYd, bv m%ia:djla we;af;ah'

O¾ur;ak mejiqfõ( zzug jqjukd lrkafka .fvd,a ksIamdokh i|yd wvq ¥IKhla iys; ld<h b;sßjk úi÷uls' fï ls%hdj,sh ;=< kdia;sh ^levqKq .fvd,a ksid we;sjk& u`.yrjd .ekSugo jqjukdhsZZ'

rEm igyk 4'4'2( O¾ur;ak


44

4'5 ol=Kq wdishdj

ÑñKs iys; ld¾CIu msisk W÷ka

ol=Kq wdishdfõ fndfyduhla .ïudkj, Ndú;d lrkq ,nkafka ,sma .,a ;=k Wv wdydr msiSfï idïm%odhsl l%uhhs' fuh fndfydaúg isÿjkafka ÿñka msÍ.sh ÑñKs rys; uqM;ekaf.j,aj,hs' uqM;ekaf.hs ÿu fmky`Mj, iy weiaj, wdidok we;=M frda. we;sùug mdol fõ' fndfyda m%foaYj, ,nd.; yels oej bkaOk m%udKfhys ys.Ndjh fya;=fjka ck;djg oej bkaOk /ia lsÍu i|yd jeä ld<hla jeh lsÍug fyda ta i|yd jeä msßjehla oeÍug isÿfõ' oej bkaOk /ia lsßu iy wdydr msiSu idudkHfhka i,lkq ,nkafka ldka;djkaf.a ld¾hhla f,iska ksid oej bkaOk iy ÿu ksid jvd;au n,mEug ,lajkafkao m%Odk jYfhka ldka;djkauh' oej bkaOk jeä jYfhka /ia lsÍu fya;=fjka wjg m%foaYho uqvq ìï njg m;aùuo isÿfõ'

EVD úi÷u( wdydr msiSu i|yd bkaOk- ld¾hCIu" fndfydaúg ÑñKs iys; msisk W÷ka

iy$fyda Ôj jdhq Ndú;h ;=<ska fuu .eg`M msgqoelsh yelsh' jeäÈhqKq l< msisk W÷ka wdlD;s .Kkdjlau ,nd .ekSug we;' fkamd,fha CRT" YS% ,xldfõ IDEA iy nx.a,dfoaYfha .%dóka

Yla;s úiska jeäÈhqKq l< W÷ka oYlhlg jvd jeä ld<hl isg m%p,s; lrñka isà' bkaÈhdfõ INSEDA" .%dñka Yla;s iy CRT Ôj jdhq m%p,s; lsÍfï jevigykao ls%hd;aul lrhs'

ÿu msreKq uq M;ekaf.hl wdydr msisk ldka;djla mejiqfõ( zzwmg ´kE lrkafka ÿu rys; uqM;ekaf.j,a iy or wvqfjka wjYHjk W÷kaZZ'

rEm igyk 4'5( ,sma .,a ;=k Wv wdydr msiSu


45

5 - mßÉfþoh

foaYSh id¾:lFj l:d wmf.a EVD jHdmD;s foaYhka y;frys foaYSh id¾:lFj l:d fuu wvq ldnka ixj¾Ok m%fõYh

u`.ska w;ajk m%;s,dN /i ms<sn|j yqjd olajhs' fuu ksfhdað; m%;s,dNSka úiska fmkajd fok whqre EVDh wvq ldnka úi÷ïj,g jvd hula úi¾ckh fldg we;' fuu úi÷ï iy Ndú;hka

ck;djf.a Ôú; flfrys .dïNSr" OkdFul n,mEï isÿlr we;' tajdfha meje;au i|yd ;SrKdFul fhojqï iemhSu iy Wiia Ôjk ;;aFjhla idCId;a lr.ekSu i|yd bv m%ia:d ie,iSuo tajdg we;=<;a fõ'

5'1 nx.a,dfoaYh

l=wdlgd fjr<dikak m%foaYfhys iQ¾h n,Yla;s iys; fmdl=re ksjdi tys we;s fkd.eUqre uydoaùmsl .,a mrh" ck.yK >kFjh" ksj¾;k fudaiï foaY.=Ksl ;;aFjh" m%n, o=l=KqÈ. WKqiqï iq<x m%jdyh iy by< jvÈh ndÈh mrdih wd§ka fya;=fldgf.k nx.a,dfoaYh c, .e,Sï iy iq<s iq<xj,g ksr;=reju ksrdjrKhj we;sfyhska nrm;, ydksj,g ,laùfï wjodku oekqÿ we;' flfia jqjo" foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi fya;=fjka fuu wjodkï ;;aFjh ;jÿrg;a ;Sj% lrñka" uqyqÿ c,h WKqiqï fj;au ksr;=reju Wia jk uqyqÿ c, uÜgu fya;=fjka f.dvìu jvd;a ksrdjrKh lrñka iq<x m%jdyfha fõ.h jeä ùula isÿ jkq we;' fuu idOlj, ixfhdackh uyd mßudK Ôú; iy Ôúld jD;a;Ska úkdYhlg fya;=jk nj m%fCIamKh lr we;s w;r" tf,iska foaY.=Ksl irKd.;hska f,iska y÷kajkq ,nk kj wj;eka jQ msßia ldKavhla ìysjkq we;' iq<s iq<xj,g wur;j" uqyqÿ fjr< Ldokh" N+ñh .s,aug ,laùu" CIKsl c, .e,Sï iy ,jK ñY% c,h rg ;=<g .,d tau fnx.d, fndlal wdYs%; uqyqÿ fjr< ;Srfha fmdÿ iajdNdúl úm;ah' 2007 fkdjeïn¾ 15 Èk isv¾ (Sidr)

iq<s iq<`." nx.a,dfoaYfha fjr< ;Srhg yudú;a Ôú; 4000la muK ì,sf.k" ish .Kkla ck;djg ;=jd, isÿ lrñka ydks isÿlf,a reÿreu iajdNdúl jHikhkaf.ka tlla f,iskah' fndfyda ksjdi iq<s iq<f.a n,h ksid mfiys ie`.j .sfhah' fjr<dikak Èia;s%lalhka jk zmgqwdld,sZ iy zn¾.=kdfõf¾Z oeä f,i mSvdjg m;aúh' fndfyda whg Tjqkaf.a ksjdi wysñ jQfhka fjk;a aÈia;s%lalj,g ixl%uKh jQy'

rEmigyk 5'1'1( fudyïuâ fidhs*q,a iy Tyqf.a mjqf,a wh iQ¾h n,Yla;s ,dïmqjla iys;j


46

ydkshg ,lajQjka w;r fudyïuâ fidhs*q,a iy Tyqf.a mjqf,a wh;a jQy' Tyq oekg mÈxÑj isákafka nx.a,dfoaYfha w. k.rh jQ vld ys isg ls'ó' 320la ol=Kska msysgd we;s zmgqwdld,sZ Èia;s%lalfha zl=wdlgdZ fjr<dikak ;Srfha zT¾ldm,a,sZ ckdjdifha ksji 80ka tla ksjilh' zuqyqfoa ÈhKshZ kñka m%dfoaYshj y÷kajkq ,nk l=wdlgd fjr< ysre ke`.Sfï iy nei hEfï fid÷re oiqka fya;=fjka" w;s m%isoaêhla Wiq,hs' nx.a,dfoaY rch úiska zisv¾Z iq<s l=Kdgqfjka miqld,Skj 2008 jif¾§ fuu ksjdi bÈlr fok ,È' tu ksjdij, oeka mÈxÑj isákafka foaYfha fkdfhla m%foaYj,ska meñKs mjq,a jk w;r" uQ,sl jYfhka uE;§ we;s jQ iq<s l=Kdgqj,ska úm;g m;ajQjkah' fidhs*q,a" Tyqf.a ìß| iy orejka ;sfokd fuu ckmofhys ksok ldur foll ksjil mÈxÑj isà' fuu m%foaYfha fndfyda fokl= fukau" fidhs*q,a o jD;a;sfhka ëjrhl= jkafkah' Tyq" Tyqf.a fndaÜgqfjka wE; ÈhUg f.dia .eUqre uqyqfoa uiqka w,a,d" fj<|mf,ys úlsKSfuka uilg nx.a,dfoaYSh gdld 2000 isg 4000 m%udKj;a wdodhula ,nd .kS' nx.a,dfoaYfha cd;sl u;aiHhd jk zys,aidZ fnda ùu isÿjk ld< iSudj ;=< ëjr wxYh úiska ëjr l¾udka;h i|yd we;eï iSudjka mkjkq ,nhs' fuu fr.=,dis ;jÿrg;a fidhs*q,af.a wdodhfï wkdrCIs;Ndjh jeä lrkq ,nhs' fidhs*q,af.a ÿl ;jÿrg;a jeä ùug fya;=jkafka Tjqkaf.a ckmoh úÿ,sn, moaO;shg iïnJO lr fkd;sîuhs' flfia jqjo" jir mylg by;§ .%dñka Yla;s úiska Tyqf.a iy wfkla l=gqïNhka i|yd o .Dyia: iQ¾hn, moaO;s (SHS) ia:dmkh lrkakg fhÿKs' fldgia jYfhka f.ùfï

l%uhg fidhs*q,a 20- WP SHS moaO;shla ,nd .;af;ah' oeka Tyqf.a ksji .u ;=< SHS moaO;s

iys; ksjdi 60ka tlls' m%foaYfha hd{d ldurh" m,a,sh iy fi!LHh idhkho " iQ¾h n,Yla;s moaO;sj,g iïnJO lr we;' iQ¾h n, moaO;sfhka fidhs*q,a yg ksjfia áhqí ,dïmq 2la oe,aúh yels w;r" Tyqf.a cx.u ÿrl:k negßho n,h ljd .ekSug yelsh' Tyqg tla úÿ,s mxldjla o ls%hd;aul l< yelsh' jeo.;au lreK jkafka Tyqf.a orejkag N+ñf;,a ,dïmq t<sh fjkqjg iQ¾h n,Yla;s ,dïmq t<sfhka bf.kSï lghq;= lsÍug yels ùuhs' by;§ rd;S% ld<fhys bf.kSï lghq;= lsÍu" Tjqkag lrorldÍ jQ w;r" N+ñf;,a ,dïmq .sKs weú,Su i|yd jeä wjodkula iys; tajd úh' óg wu;rj fidhs*q,af.a ìß|g jvd myiqfjka Tjqkaf.a rd;S% wdydrh ms<sfh, lr .ekSugo yelsj we;' iq<s l=Kdgqj we;s jQ rd;s%fhys ksfji w;ayer oud Tyq iy Tyqf.a mjqf,a wh m,d hoa§" w;HdjYH NdKav tl;= lr .ekSu i|yd ;snqKq ÿIalr;djh ms<sn|j fidhs*q,a Tyqf.a w;aoelSï fnod .kshs' N+ñf;,a ,dïmqfõ uo t<sfhka Tyqg jeo.;a NdKav fndfyduhla fidhd .ekSug wfmdfydi;a ù we;' oeka iq<s l=Kdgq wk;=re we`.ùï ,o jydu w;HdjYH NdKav läkñka tl;= lr.ekSug iQ¾h n,Yla;s ,dïmq t<sh bv i,ihs' jHik yuqfõ iQodkï ùu SHS ksid

myiqù we;' mÈxÑlrejka ld<.=K wkdjels ms<sn|j jeä jYfhka oekqj;a ùulao ,nkafka Tjqkag oeka iQ¾h n,Yla;s rEmjdysKS hka;% iy .=jka úÿ,s hka;% o we;s ksidh' .ïjeis mjq,a fjk;a rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, ls%hdldrlï yryd jeäÿr fiajdjkao ,nd .kS' WodyrKhla f,i rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla u`.ska mj;ajkq ,nk zIeka.afcd.aZ ffjoH idhkh Tjqkag wjYH fi!LHh fiajdjka imhhs' ish`Mu .Dyhka Tjqkaf.a wdydr ms<sfh, lr.ekSu i|yd idïm%odhsl W÷kaj,g jvd ld¾hCIu jeäÈhqKq l< msisk W÷ka Ndú;d lr;s' iEu tallhla i|ydu ÑñKshla we;s ksid kj W÷ka uq M;ekaf.j,a ÿï rys;j ;nd .kS' is;a.kakdiqM


47

ldrKh jkafka fjk;a fjr<dikak m%foaYj, idudkH ;;aFjhla jk c, jdyl frda. fuu uxäfhys wvqù we;s njhs' fuu kj ckdjdih ;sridr ls%hdud¾.$ mqreÿ i|yd jk wdo¾Y ia:dkhla f,iska fufyjrla bgq lrhs' zisv¾Z iq<s l=Kdgqj jeks wdka;ßl ld<.=K isoaëka" Tjqka foaY.=Ksl irKd.;hska njg mßj¾;kh lrñka" ks;H Ôúld jD;a;Skag w;s úYd, ydkshla lr we;s fuu mjq,aj,g" wju jYfhka ksjdi iQ¾h n,Yla;s moaO;s ;=<ska fuu ksfjiaj,g wdf,dalh ,nd § Tjqkaf.a ffoksl Ôúldj myiqlr we;'

iQ¾h n,Yla;sh iys; uksla.dkaÊ Èia;s%lalfha fldajduqß .ïudkh ysre nei h;au úÿ,sn, moaO;sfhka msg; msysá fldajduqß .ïudkh wdYs%; m%foaYh w÷frka .s, .kS' tfy;a ksfjia .Kkdjla iQ¾h n,Yla;sh ;=<ska l=vd m%§mhka f,i Èÿ,hs' Tjqkaf.a .ïudkh úÿ,sn, moaO;shg iïnJO lr fkd;snqKo .Dyia: iQ¾hn, moaO;s .ïuqkayg rd;s%fha§ wdf,dalh ,nd .ekSfï bv m%ia:dj i,id § we;' nx.a,dfoaYfha udksla.dkaÊ Èia;s%lalfha iska.dhs¾ Wm Èia;s%lalfha msysgd we;s fldajduqß .ïudkh" vld k.rfha isg ls'ó' 35 ÿrlsks' ksfjia 50l muK jQ ck.yKhlska fnfyda .eñhka yg Tjqkaf.a ffoksl n,Yla;s wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i|yd wêl ñ, iys; fmdis, bkaOkhla jk N+ñf;,a oeùug isÿfõ'

34 yeúßÈ Bn%dysï ñhd fuu .fuys Ôj;ajk f.dúfhls' Tyq" Tyqf.a ksfji jgd we;s idrj;a N+ñNd.fhys ù" ;sß`.=" flfi,a iy fjk;a fNda. j.d lrkq ,nhs' 2014 jif¾§ Tyqf.a ksjfia 20 Wp .Dyia: iQ¾hn, moaO;shla (SHS) .%dñka

Yla;s úiska ia:dmkh lrkakg fhÿKs' Bn%dysïf.a mjqf,a whg oeka n,Yla;s ld¾hCIu yd mßir ys;ldó LED úÿ,s nqnqM 3la mdúÉÑ l< yelsh'

fjk;a wh fukau Bn%dysïf.a mjqf,a who by;§ l=mams ,dïmq yd ,ka;Ereï oe,aùu i|yd Èkm;d N+ñf;,a Ndú;d l<y' fuu mqreoao i|yd Tjqkag uilg N+ñf;,a ,Sg¾ 5-6 olajd m%udKhla mßfNdackh jqKq w;r" Tjqkaf.a mjqf,a wh ysxidldÍ uÜgul ÿugo ksji ;=<oS ksrdjrKh jqKs' N+ñf;,a oeùu fya;=fjka Tyqf.a ;yvq

mshiafia ne£ we;s >k oe,s ;Ügqj we;s jQ wdldrh Bn%dysï úia;r lf,ah' fjk;a ksjdi lSmhlu N+ñf;,a ,dïmq fya;=fjka .sKs weú,Sï isÿj we;' Bn%dysï yg fï ish`M .eg`M w;S;fha isÿùï muKs' ta iQ¾h n,Yla;s wdrCIs;" ñ, wêl fkdjk iy msú;=re n,Yla;s uQ,dY%hla jk neúks' Tyqg jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka Tyqf.a ÈhKsh oeka w÷r jegqKq miqj;a iQ¾hn, ,dïmq t<sfhka bf.kSï lghq;= lsÍuhs' Tyqf.a ìß|g LED ,dïmqj, §ma;su;a t<sfhka ueyqï lghq;=

lr.ekSug yelsj we;' Bn%dysï mjik wkaoug úÿ,sh ,eîfuka miq Tyqg o rd;S% ld<fha§ Tyqf.a wu;r ld,h" .DydYs%; lghq;= iy f.dú;ekg iïnJO oe,a iE§u iy ms<silr lsÍu jeks lghq;= i|yd fhdod .ekSug yelsj we;'

rEm igyk 5'1'2( Bn%dysï ñhd iy Tyqf.a ìß|" mshiai u; ia:dmkh l< iQ¾hn, mek,h iu`.


48

iQ¾h n,Yla;s ,dïmq Tyqf.a ñÿf,a iy .j .df,ao iúlr iqrCIs;Ndjho ;yjqrelr we;' oeka Tyqg cx.u ÿrl:kh iQ¾h n,Yla;sfhka wdfrdamKh lsÍfï myiqlu we;s ksid Bn%dysï yg uOHu fj<|m, wu;d Tyqf.a ksIamdokhka jeä ñ,lg wf,úlr .ekSfï yelshdjo ,eî we;' Tyqf.a ìß| rEmd,sg wef.a foudmshkag ÿrl:kfhka l:dfldg weh fyd¢ka bkakd nj Tjqkag oekaúh yelsh' iQ¾h n,Yla;sh .ïjeishka i|yd iudcuh bv m%ia:do i,ikq ,nhs' Bn%dysïf.a ksjig rEmjdysKS hka;%hla fkd;snqKo" Tjqkag Tjqkaf.a wi,ajdiSka" ckms%h fnx.d,s Ñ;%mg fyda w`M;au m%jD;a;s ksfõok wdÈh keröu msKsi wdrdOkd lrkq ,nhs' rEmjdysKS hka;%hla ;sîu oeka foaYh ;=< isÿjkafka l=ulao hkak fukau f,dj fiiq rgj, isÿjk foa ms<sn|j o oek .ekSu i|yd fndfyda .ïjeishkag WmldÍù we;' fldajduqß .fuys fndfyda l=gqïNhka fukau Bn%dysïf.a l=gqïNfhys msßio k< <s|lska Tjqkaf.a msßisÿ mdkSh c,h ,nd .kS' jdikdjlg fuka iska.dhs¾ m%foaYh i|yd msßisÿ c, iemhqula ia:dms;j we;' flfia jqjjo" wdiksla ¥IKh iy wêl hlv m%udK fuu m%foaYfha m%Odk;u .eg`M njg m;aj we;' tu fya;=fjka .ïjeishka fndfyda fofkla oeka idïm%odhsl ueá n÷kaj, ieliQ je,s fmrK moaO;s Ndú;d lr;s' fuh c,fhys we;s hlv hï m%udKhla wvq lrhs' fldajduqß .ïudkh oeka ;sridr iy mßir ys;ldó ixj¾Ok udj;lg fyd¢ka wj;S¾Kù we;'

rEm igyk 5'1'3( iQ¾hn, ,dïmq t<sfhka rEmd,s we÷ï uihs


49

5'2 bkaÈhdj

uqflaIa iy Tyqf.a yß;d.drh uqflaIa nyq.=kd iïNdjkSh mrmqrlska mej; tkafkls' Tyq merKs .dkaëjdiS ksoyia igkaldó .x.d m%idoaf.a o" mdkaÜ k.d¾ úYajúoHd,fha ys,a leïmia wxYfha f.dvke`.s,s bÈl< iufha j.úNd.hlska f;drj isÿjQ .ia lemSu k;r lsÍu fjkqfjka m%Odk N+ñldjla isÿ l< ìï uÜgfï mßir ys;ldó ls%hdldßlfhl= jQ idú;%Sfoaúf.ao uqKqnqrd jkafkah' zÑmaflda à%-y.skaZ(Chipco tree-hugging)

jHdmdrh ;=<ska fm<Uùu ,nñka rdKsppQß ys ldka;djka .iaj, rdlS neka\y' rdls hkq fidfydhqre fidfydhqßhka w;r fma%ufhys nkaOkh olajk ixfla;hls' Tjqka m%ldY lr isáfha zzfï wmf.a ifydaorhska' Tn fï .ia lmd fy,Sfuka isÿ lrkafka wmf.a fidfydhqrka >d;kh lsÍuhsZZ' myiq Ôúld jD;a;Ska fidhd ;reK ;reKshka iy ñksiqka iuQy jYfhka ixl%uKh jkq w;aú| we;s W;a;rdlkaoa m%dka;fhys uqflaIa ks,fhka my jQ flfkla fuks' rdKspdpQß jgd we;s wfkl=;a .ïudkj, ;reK wh fndfyduhla fukau jir 2005§ Wmdê iy;slh ,nd.;a;dg miqj" uqflaIago ksjfika neyerj jvd jdis iys; myiq /lshd wjia:d fidhñka my; ksïkhg ixl%uKh ùug wjiA:dj ;snqKs' kuq;a Tyq l÷lrfhau /£ isáñka Tyqf.a Ôúld jD;a;sh ißlr .ekSfï wêgkska tysu /÷Ks' uqflaIa ls%hd;aulj mj;sk yß;d.dr lsysmhla oel ;snqKq w;r" tajdfha ysñlrejka úúO j¾.fha t<j`M j.d lrñka b;d fyd| wdodhula ,nk nj ksÍCIKh lf<ah' yß;d.dr fijfka j.d lrkq ,nk Ydlj,g úáka úg m;s;jk jeisj,ska fyda ks;r fjkiajk ld<.=Kfhka lsisÿ f,ilska mSvdjla fkdùu jeo.;ah' fuu j.dlrejka wdo¾Yhg .;a uqflaIa t<j`M j.d lsÍu i|yd yß;d.drhla f.dvk`.d .ekSug ;SrKh lf<ah' Tyq fndfyda ia:dkj,g .uka fldg" tajd ms<sn|j jeäÿr wOHhkhla l<o tajd b¢ lsÍu ñ, wêl nj oekqkq ksidu n,dfmdfrd;a;= lvùfuka yeÍ wdfõh' yß;d.dr bÈ lsÍu i|yd 75]la jQ iykdOdrhla ,nd.; yels nj oek.;a Tyq" m%dka; Whka úoHd fomd;_fïka;=j lrd .sfhah' fuys§o Tyqg isÿ jQfha n,dfmdfrd;a;= lvùuls' Bg fya;= jQfha uQ,HdOdr i|yd mkjd we;s kS;s fr.=,disj, oeä njh' tfiau Tyqg ysñ N+ñ m%udKh" c, uQ,dY% iy wruqo,a kshu lr we;s wjYH;djhka iïmQ¾K lsÍug ;rï m%udKj;a fkdùu thg fya;= úh' ñka miqng jQ Tyq wdmiq ksjig meñK w¾O ld,Sk /lshdj, ksr; úh' 2011 jif¾§ Tyq rdKspdpQß ys yß; .ïudk jHdmD;sfhys iafõÉPd fiajlhl= f,i fiajh wdrïN lrk ,È' tys§ wvq-úhoï yß;d.drhla idod .ekSu i|yd Tyqf.a wNs,dih idlÉPd lrkq ,eîh' fuu b,a,Su wid úCISma; njg m;a jQ INSEDA wdh;kh Tyqg yß;d.drhla ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd

ie,iqï iliafldg" wvq úhoï øjHh iy l%ufõo w;ayod n,ñka tu ld¾hh i|yd wj;S¾K

rEm igyk 5'2'1( uqflaIa iy Tyqf.a yß;d.drh


50

úh' 2012 jir wjidkfha§ óg¾ 3 x óg¾ 5 m%udKfha yß;d.drhla Tyqf.a l=vd N+ñNd.fhys

bÈ lrkq ,eîh' uqflaIa uy;a WkJÿfjka tys jev mgka .;af;ah' 2013 jif¾§ Tyq" yß;d.drfha frdamKh lsßu i|yd foys mjqf,a Ydlhla jQ zfjda,agdZ îc lsf,da .%Eï 2la f.kdfõh' udi 9la .;fjoa§ me< wf,úh i|yd iQodkï úh' Tyq tu me<hla remsh,a 10 ne`.ska wf,úfldg jir wjidkfha remsh,a 32730la Wmhd .;af;ah' tu w;aoelSfuka miqj Tyq ;SrKh lf,a wn fld< j.djghs' tajd udi 11$2lska fk<kakg iQodkï úh' Tyqg wn fld< lsf,da.%Eï 75l wiajekakla ,nd.; yels úh' tajdo lsf,daj re' 10 ne`.ska wf,úfldg Tyq wu;r re' 750l wdodhula ,eîh' fuu wn fld< idïm%odkql+, l%uj,ska j.dl, tajdg jvd <má jQ ksid;a" rifhka jeä jQ ksid;a tajdg jeä b,a ula ,eî ú.iska wf,ú úh' fï wkqj 2013 jif¾ uqflaIa yg re' 33430la Wmhd .ekSug yels úh' ñka Èßu;a jQ Tyq jvd;a mrud¾:YS,Sj" wem,a me< j.d lsÍug is;Sh' fjd,agd me<j,g jvd ;=ka .=Khl ñ,lg jeä b,a ula ;snQ wem,a me< wf,ú l< yelsh' Tyq zysudpd,aZ m%foaYfhka jeä ñ,la f.jd wem,a îc ,nd.;s' Tyq is;=fõ wem,a me<hla wvq ;rñka re' 35lgj;a ñ, l< yels f,ihs' wem,a îc lsis f,ilska frdamKh fkdjQ ksid Tyqg me< ,nd .ekSug fkdyels úh' tu ksid 2014 jir Tyqg mdvq iys; úh' 2015 jif¾ uq,a ld,fha§ uqflaIa h,s;a zfjda,agdZ îc frdamKh lf<a tajd jir wjikajk úg wf,úh i|yd iQodkïjk neúks' tajd wf,ú lsÍfuka wvq ;rñka re' 20"000laj;a Wmhd .ekSug Tyq wfmaCId lf,ah' yß;d.drfhys id¾:lFjh ms<sn|j meyeÿkq uqflaIa Tyq fjkqfjka ;j;a tlla idod fok f,i b,a,d isáfhah' ta wkqj fujr" WAFD iy INSEDA Tyqg WK nïnq jHqyhla iys; ;j;a w;ayod

ne,Sï yß;d.drhla 2015 jif¾ wfma%,a udifha§ idod fok ,È' jeä wdodhula Wmhd .ekSu i|yd t<j`M j.d lsÍug Tyq wfmaCId lrhs' Tyqf.a ;lafiarej jQfha fofjks yß;d.drha t<j`M j.dj wdrïN l,dg miq Tyqg jd¾Islj re' 50"000 isg re' 60"000la w;r jQ wdodhula wvq ;rñka bmehsh yels f,ihs' yß;d.drh i|yd l, wdfhdackfhka fyd| m%;s,dN ,nk ksid oeka uqflaIa uy;a i;=fgka isà' m<uq yß;d.drh re' 35"000la jQ w;r" bka re' 5"000la iy bÈlsÍï wjia:dfõ§ Tyqf.au Y%uh ,nd§u uqflaIaf.a odhlFjhhs' INSEDAiy WAFD b;sßh ork ,È' m<uq jir ;=<§u Tyq

Tyqf.a wdfhdack m%udKh ,dNhl=;a iu`.u wdmiq Wmhd.kakg iu;aúh' uqflaIa yg wdmiq ,nd .ekSï b;d by< jkafka Tyq fï i|yd jeh lrk ,oafoa re' 5"000la muKla ksid;a" b;sßh jHdmD;sfhka orK ,o ksid;ah' oYlhla f.fjoa§ uqflaIa wjik Tyqf.a isyskh ienE lr.ksñka isà'


51

ìï,d iy wef.a iQ¾hn, úh<kh 55 yeúßÈ ìï,d Ôj;a jkafka ysud,hdkq m%dka;hla jk W;a;rdldkaoa ys" pïnd fldÜGdYfha c.aod¾ kue;s .fuysh' ffoksl wjYH;d wf,úlrK l=vd fj<|ie,la wehf.a ieñhd i;=h' fuu fj<|ief,ka ,enqKq wdodhu Tjqkaf.a f.a-fodr úhoï i|yd m%udKj;a jQfha ke;' óg oi jirlg muK fmr§ ìï,dg" Tjqkag jirla .; lsÍug yels m%udKhl ;sß`.=" fufkaß iy fndaxÑ j.d lr.ekSug yels úh' th fj<|ief,ka ,enQ iqM wdodhu;a iu`. Tjqka rCId lsÍug m%udKj;a úh' tfy;a miq.sh jir lSmh ;=< foaY.=Ksl fya;+ka mdolj isÿ jQ j¾Idm;k yd WIaKFj fjkiaùï yuqfõ fNda. j.d lsÍu wmyiqj we;' f.dú;ekska

hefmk weh jeks oyka ixLHd; j.dlrejkaf.a Ôúld jD;a;Ska iy Ôjk ;;aFjhkays .=Kd;aulNdjh foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihka ksid n,mEulg ,laúh' my; jefgk M,odhS;djhg uqyqK §u i|yd;a jeäjk ck.yKhg iydh ùu i|yd;a bvlvï mßyrK wdldrfhys fjkila isÿ lrkq ,eîh' há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh i|yd bv ie,iSug jk wdjrKh wvq lrkakg fhÿKs' iaÓridr ld<.=Ksl fjkiaùïj,g bv ie,iSu i|yd lDIs-mßir úoHd;aul l,dmj,g udre jqKs' fï ish`Mu ldrKd ìï,d jeks whg n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ .eg`M ks¾udKh lf,ah' m%foaYfha ck;dj mjik wkaoug j÷rka" j,a W!rka" .srjqka jeks mCISka úYd, f,i .%dóh ckdjdij,g we;=,aùgu mgkaf.k we;' jk i;=kaf.a ks;H jdi N+ñ iy wdydr uQ,dY%" Rcq udkj ueÈy;aùï ksid fyda WIaKFjh by< hEu fya;=fldgf.k" wdydr odufha ydks fya;=fjka" w;=reoka fjñka mj;S' jk i;=ka fNda.j,g uy;a jQ úkdYhla f.k fokafkah' .eñhkaf.a mdrïmßl wdydr fõf,ys fldgilaj ;snqKq .vd f.ä iy m<;=re Wka úiska ld ouk ,È' wmg uqK.efikúg ìï,d mqreoaola lrf.k isáfha j,a wems%fldÜ iy .eñhkaf.a mdrïmßl wdydrhla jk ynr< fld< jeks m<d j¾.o tl;= lr ysre t<sfha úh<Suh' fïjd újD; ysre t<sfha úh,oa§ tajd uqr lrkakg wehg isÿ jQfha j÷rka meñK ld oud úkdY l< yels ksid;a" tajd wkfmaCIs; jeiafika" ¥ú,af,ka iy ueiaikaf.ka wdrCId lsÍu wjYH jQ ksid;ah' fuu .eg`Mj úi£u i|yd 2011 jif¾§ WAFD iy INSEDA

.Dyia: Ndú;h i|yd ,dNodhS iq¾hn, úh<khla ie,iqï lrkq ,eîh' fuu WmlrKh oejfhka idod fmd,s;Ska weiqrEjls' tys úhou re' 1500la muKs'

rEmigyk 5'2'2( ìï,d îu i|yd fk<d.;a u,a iu`.

rEmigyk 5'2'3( ìï,d wef.a iQ¾hn, úh<kh iu`.


52

weh m%;sM, ms<sn|j fnfyúka i;=gq úh' fuu úh<kh jvd blauKska ls%hd l,d muKla fkdj ksIamdÈ;hkaf.a j¾Kh iy riho ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhlska jeäÈhqKq lsÍug iu;aúh' jvd;a jeo.;a jQfha th úh<Sug oud we;s wdydr jeiafika fírd .ekSug ks;r f.j;a;g Èj hEug isÿùu ms<sn|j ;jÿrg;a lror ùug wjYH fkdùuhs' iqM ld<hlg miqj wehg wehf.a fojeks úh<kho ,eìKs' fuys ie,eiau jkafka WK nïnqj,ska ;ekQ rduqjla ma,diaála ISÜj,ska wdjrKh l< Wux yevfha tlls' thg iQ¾hn, fldaI mek,hla yd úh<kh ;=<ska f;;ukh bj;a lsÍu i|yd jk l=vd DC mxldjlao

wh;a jkafkah' úh<kfhys ñ, re' 5000ls' úúO wdlD;Ska .Kkdjla m¾fhaIKd;aulj fhdod .ksñka INSEDA, fj<|mf,ka ;=ka.=Khlg;a jvd ñ,la úh

yels ;dCIKhla ksmoùh' flfia jqjo ìï,df.a wd¾Ól m%Yako tf,iu mej;=Ks' miqj WAFD

udislj ixúOdkh lrkq ,nk tla ldka;d lKavdhï /iaùul§ iyNd.SjQjka j÷rkaf.a yd j,a W!rka ms<sn| m%Yakh idlÉPd lrkq ,eîh' Tjqka fuu i;=kag b;d wreÖ iy Wka m,jd yeÍug fhdod.; yels fNda. y÷kd .;ay' tys§ fidhd .kq ,enqfõ ly" ñßia" ynr, iy b`.=re j÷rka fkdlk Ydl f,ih' WADFho fuu ksIamdok úh<d ilia lr" th újD; fj<|mf,ys jeä

ñ,lg wf,úl< yels ;;aFjhlg f.k tau ms<sn|j iyNd.S jQjka mqyqKq lrkq ,eîh' fuu oekqfuka ikakoaO jqKq ìï,d thg W;aidyhla oeÍug ;SrKhla .;a;dh' weh f.j;af;ys ly" ñßia iy ynr, j.d l<dh' wiajekak fkÆ miq weh" ly úkdä lSmhla ;ïnd tajdfha j¾Kh ;rula ;o meyehla .ekaùug j.n,d .;a;dh' miqj weh" tu ly ish,a,u wef.a úh<khg oud úh<d .;a;dh' tf,iskau ñßia wiajekak fk,d.;a miqj tajdo iQ¾hn, úh<kfhka úh<d .;a;dh' fufia tajd iïmQ¾Kfhkau úh<d .ekSfuka miqj weh tajd fldgd msá njg m;alr wdydrj,g rih iy l=`Mnvq tl;= lsÍula f,ig m;a l<dh' wehf.a ly wiajkq m%udKh ls'.%E' 10la úh' wuq ly wf,úfhka ,nd.; yels ñ,g jvd úYd, jYfhka jeä jQ ñ,lg wehg úh<d l=vq lr.;a miq th wf,ú lsÍug yels úh' weh ly ls'.%E'1 re'300 ne`.ska wf,ú l< w;r" úh<d.;a wems%fldÜ iy ñßia lsf,dajg re' 200 ne`.ska jQ ñ,la ,enqKs' weh" tu m%foaYfha nyq,j jefjk wfYdal (Rhododendron) u,aj,ska hqI idod tu hqI

,Sg¾ 5la re' 85 ne`.ska wf,ú l<dh' wef.a ksji winv jQ foys .fia f.äj,ska hqI f.k th ,Sgrh re' 50 ne`.ska foys hqIo wf,ú l<dh' wef.a uqM wdodhu re' 5875la úh' wo ìï,d jvd;a úYajdihlska hq;=j isák w;r" weh úYd, N+ñ m%foaYhl ly j.d lsÍug ie,iqï lrhs' wehf.a id¾:lFjfhka WkJÿ jQ wehf.a .fuys iy wi, .ïj, ldka;djkao wm fj;ska tu ;dCIKh ,ndfok f,i b,a,Sï lr isà' fuf,iska by;§ ,ÊcdYS,sj" úkS;j isá ìï,d ck;dj w;r wdo¾Y N+ñldjla lrkakshla njg m;ajQjdh' oeka ìï,df.a jákdu tl;=j njg m;aj we;af;a fuu .Dyia: iQ¾hn, úh<k folh' tuu uQ,sl ;dCIKh wehf.a wd;audNsudkh iy weh ck iudcfhka ,nk .reFjhg" wehf.a Ôú;h

rEmigyk 5'2'4( ìï,d iy wef.a ldnksl f.j;a;


53

iïmQK_fhka m%;sks¾udKh lr we;' fjk;a .ïudk 5l ldka;djkaf.a lKavdhïj, fm<Ujkakshla yd iafõÉPd fiaúldjla f,i" oeka weh fiajh lrñka wksl=;a whgo m%;s,dN ,nkakg Woõ lrkakSh'

mQ¾KSfoaùf.a mshiafika jeis c, /ia lsÍfï jHqyh idudkH Èkl§" we;a;jYfhkau bkaÈhdj mqrd fjk;a ldka;djka ñ,shk .Kkla fukau mQ¾Ksfoaùgo" ;u ;uka i|yd fukau ;ukaf.a mjq,a i|yd c,h /f.k tau msKsi Èkm;du" ie;mqï .Kkl ÿrla weú§ug isÿjkafkah' jeäjk WIaKFjh o" N+.; c, uÜgu my; neiSuo" c,h i|yd m%fõYh jvd;a krl ;;aFjhlg m;a lrhs' c,h imhd .ekSfï lrorh fjk;a whqrlska olajkafka Tjqkaf.a fi!LHh" wOHdmkh iy hym; fjkqfjka .; lsÍug we;s jákd ld<h wmf;a hEuls' c,h /f.k tau i|yd hk w;ru`.§ fuu ldka;djka iy <uqka ysßyerj,g md;%ùfõ bv m%ia:dj jeäùuo ñka isÿ jkafkah'

W;a;rdldkaoa l÷lrfha Ôj;ajk nj lshQ muKskau ;jÿrg;a Tjqka w;aú¢kq ,nk fN!;sl iem myiqlï rys; nj yd lrorldÍ nj meyeÈ,sh' mQ¾Ksfoaúf.a ksjdih iy ta wdikakfha we;s wfkla ksjdi 6 msysgd we;af;a m%Odk .ïudkh jk zudjqkaZ isg wä 7400la by< l÷lrfhah' fï l=vd ksjdi uKaähg tau i|yd lsisÿ ud¾.hla fkdue;s w;r" <s|la fyda fjk;a iajdNdúl fyda rcfhka imhd ÿka c, uQ,dY%hl=ÿ ke;af;ah' wehg Èklg lSmjrla mgq" r`M nEjqï iys; l÷lr wä mdrla Èf.a ls'ó' 2la muK ÿrl msysá úYajúoHd,hg f.dia tys we;s c, lrduhlska c,h /f.k wdmiq ish ksjig taug isÿfõ' fuu pdßldj ffokslj y;r-mia jdrhla isÿ lsÍfï§

meh .Kkl ld<hla ta i|yd .; lsÍug isÿfõ' tla jrlg wehg f.k wd yelafla ,Sg¾ 10 ---¡-12 l muK c, mßudjls' wehg ksjfia fjfik jeäysá idudðlhska 5lg wu;rj ó yrl=ka fofokl=go id;a;= lsÍug we;' tu ksid ñksia mßfNdackh iy fjk;a ls%hdldrlïj, m%udKj;a njg j.n,d .ksñka f.a-fodr ish`Mu lghq;= i|yd wLKavj c, iemhqula wjYH jkafkah'

rEmigyk 5'10( mQ¾KSfoaù c,h /f.k hñka


54

.fuys tla;rd /iaùul§ INSEDA

iy WAFD" ldka;djka fï ÿlaÅ;

;;aFjfhka uqod .ekSu iy c, ixrCIKh i|yd wvq úhoï ;dCIKhka ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrñka isá wjia:dfõ mQ¾KSfoaùf.a oEi §ma;sulaj .sfha l=ula ksidoehs úia;r lsÍug fï ish,a, WmldÍ fjhs' zzlreKdldr ud fjkqfjka mshiafika jeis c,h /ia lsÍug gexlshla idod fokak' ug fndfydau ÿr f.jdf.k hkak fjkjd c,h /f.k tau i|yd' fuhska wvq ;rñka wjqreoafoka udi lSmhlgj;a ug Wmldrhla fõúZZ' weh b,a,d isáhdh' mshiai u; m;s;jk jeis c,h /ialr .nvd lsÍug WK nïnq- isfuka;s mokï jQ gexlshla idod fok ,È' oeka jeis ld<fha§ mshiafika jeis c,h wmf;a fkdhhs' mshiafia isg iïnJO lrwe;s k,hla Èf.a jeis c,h .nvd gexlshg hEug i,iajhs' mQ¾Ksfoaúf.a gexlsh oelSfuka miq wef.a .ï uKaäfha ;j;a ksjdi 5la i|yd jeis c, /ialsÍfï gexls ia:dmkh lr we;' /ia lr .kakd jeis c,h ms.ka" fldamam" frÈ wdÈh fia§ug fukau f.j;a;g c,h iemhsu i|ydo Ndú;d lrkq ,nhs' fyd¢ka fmrd .;fyd;a fuu c,h mdkh i|yd o iqÿiqh' ldka;djka úYajúoHd,fha uqrlre iu`. lÓld fldg" jeis ke;sj .nvd gexlsfha c,h ys.jk wjia:dj, È=.= k,hl ud¾.fhka tu gexls mqrjd .ekSfï .kqfokqjlg t<UqKy' fuf,iska jeis fkdue;s jqjo fuu ldka;djkag wjqreoao mqrdu mdúÉÑhg .; yels c, uQ,dY%hlg m%fõYh ,`.dúh' tla ,Sg¾ 3000 m%udKfha gexlshl bÈ lsÍï ñ, re' 14"000ls' fuys mdou i|yd jdfka lïì fjkqjg WK nïnq Ndú;d lrk ksid;a" wiafkd (Asno) .fvd,a Ndú;d lrk ksid;a fuu bÈlsÍï

mßir ys;ldó o jkafkah' mQ¾Ksfoaù fuu ;dCIKh ia:dms; jQjdg miq w;aú¢k m%;s,dN .Kkdjla .ek lshhs' wehg c,h f.k tau wjYH fkdjk ksid Èklg meh 4la fyda 5la b;sß jkafkah' fuu b;sßjk ld<h ksid wehg ksù iekis,af,a ;u lghq;= lr .ekSug;a" iqM úfõlhla .ekSug;a bv ,efí' wehg .eg`Mjlaj ;snQ frÈ iy ms.ka fldamam wdÈh fia§u i|yd m%udKj;a c,h fkd,eî hEu oeka úi£ we;' iFj md,kh i|yd o" f.j;a;g mdúÉÑ lsÍugo b;sßh fhdod .ekSfï bv we;' wms weh uE;l§ yuqfjoa§ by; Èkfha m;s; jQ jeiafika" WK nïnq - isfuka;s mokï gexlsfha wvla muK msÍ mej;=Ks' mQ¾Ksfoaù isáfha i;=áKs' bÈß Èk lSmh ;=< wehg c,h f.k tau i|yd È.= ÿrla weú§ug wjYH jkafka ke;'

rEmigyk 5'2'6'1iy 5'2'6'2( ks¾udKh fjñka mj;sk WK nïnq isfuka;s mokï jQ jeis c, gexlsh


55

lsã foaúf.a fldïfmdaiaÜ l+vh iy Ôj jdhq cklh

lsãfoaú Ôj;a jkafka l÷lr m%foaYhl msysá zudjqkaZ .fuysh' udjqka .ug msúiSfï ud¾. b;d ÿIalrh' th tïnd iy rdKspdjqß isg mjd fndfyda ÿßka msysgd we;' udjqka lrd my< nEjqfï ud¾.h b;d ÿrh' .fuys isg wdmiq taug jvd jeä ld<hla .kS' 2011 jif¾ WAFDys idudðldjl jQ

weh jir follg miqj udjqka .fï WAFD iafõÉPd ksfhdað;jßh njg

m;ajQjdh' weh i;=j t;rï úYd, N+ñhla fkdjQjo WAFD úiska y÷kajd

fokq ,enQ ;dCIKhka fhdod .ekSug th ndOdjla lr fkd.;a;dh' 2012 jif¾§ weh ldnksl fldïfmdaiaÜ l+vhla ,nd .;a;dh' t;eka isg weh ldnksl fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr wef.a f.j;af;a fhdod .;a;dh' weh m%ikak úYauhg m;a jQfha" wehg by;§ mdúÉÑ l< l%u ;=<ska f.du fhojqfuka .; yels jQ fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr m%udKh fuka ;=ka .=Khl m%udKhla fldïfmdaiaÜ l+vh mdúÉÑfhka tu f.du fhojqfuka ,nd.; yels ùu ksidh' weh mjid isáfha wehf.a fNda. oeka jvd;a fyd| njh' Ydl b;d úYd,j jefvk w;r" f.j;af;a jeä u,a msì§ulao oelsh yels njhs' wiajekako fo.=Khl j¾Okhla olajhs' lsãfoaú (Peas) OdkH weg l=hskagd,a 3-4 ^ls'.%E' 300-400&

wf,úfldg re' 15000la Wmhd .kakg iu;aj we;' fuu wdodhï foi n,kúg flfkl=g" Tjqkag myiqfjka c,h ,nd .kakg myiqlï we;ehs isf;kakg mqMjk' kuq;a th tfia fkdfõ' udjqka .ïudkhg c,h úYd, .eg`Mjls' wvq ;rñka Èklg meh 3laj;a f.a fodr wjYH;djhka i|yd c,h f.k tau msKsi kdia;s fõ' lK.dgqjg fya;=jkafka wehg jeis c, gexlshla idod .kakg m%udKj;a ;rï N+ñ m%udKhla fkdue;s ùuhs' kuq;a wehg Ôj jdhq cklhla ia:dmkh lr .ekSug N+ñh m%udKj;a úh' Ôjjdhq cklfhys ixl,amh( mdi,a wOHdmkhla ,nd we;s ´kEu bkaÈhdkqfjl= fyd¢ka okakd tlls' l÷lr .%duhla jQ udjqka jeishkag th yqfola úoHd fmd;l i|yka woyilau muKla fkdfõ' jir 2015 isg Ôj jdhq cklh lsãfoaúf.a Ôú;fha bgq jqKq tla jeo.;a wx.hlaj mj;S' INSDA iy WAFD tlaj 2015 cQ,s udifha§ weh yg >k óg¾ 2l Ôj jdhq cklh ks¾udKh

lrfokq ,eîh' weh oeka f;a ms<sfh, lsÍu iy ffoksl wdydr msiSï Ôjjdhqj fhdod .ksñka isÿ lrhs' Ôj jdhq ckkh lsÍfï ls%hdj,sh wdrïN lsÍu i|yd f.du lsf,da .%Eï 25la iy c,h ,Sg¾ 25la øj ñY%Kh i|yd jk gexlshg fhdod fyd¢ka ñY% lr.kS' fuu gexlsh meiùfï l=àrhg th .,d hEug i,iajhs' tys§ tu Èhrh meiùu ;=<ska Ôj jdhqj ksIamdokh flf¾' k, Tiafia fuu Ôj jdhqj lsãfoaúf.a uqM;ekaf.hs .Eia W÷kg bkaOkh njg m;afjhs' mdúÉÑ lrk ,o Èhr ñY%Kh msg; gexlsfhys tl;=ù t;ekska miqj bj;afldg úh<d .kq ,nhs' lsãfoaú fuh wef.a j.djka i|yd fhdod .kS'

rEmigyk 5'2'7( lsãfoaú iy wef.a Ôjjdhq cklh


56

Ôj jdhq cklh oeka wef.a wdydr msiSfï wjYH;djka fndfydafihska imqrd,hs' weh úiska th Ndú;d fkdlrkafka ldrKd folla i|yd muKls' ta pmd;s iE§ug iy rÊud jeks mßmamq j¾. iE§u i|yd;ah' weh mjikafka pq,ayd u; idok pmd;s fjkiau jQ rihlska hqla; ksid;a" .Eia W÷fka idok pmd;sj,g ish mjqf,a wh ms%h fkdlrk ksid;a th tfia jk njhs' Ôj jdhq cklh ,efnkakg fmr§ meh .Kkdjla ÿñka msreKq pq,aydfjka msiSï lghq;= l< weh oeka tu ld<h Èklg úkdä 90lg ;rï wvqlr .ekSug yelshjdla ,nd we;' weh mjikafka Ôj jdhq cklh by;§ ñ, wêl øjFjhg m;a l< LKsc f;,a jdhqj (LP-Gas) is,skav¾ u; hemSfuka wehj

ksoyia lr we;s njhs' by;§ wehg LPG jdhq is,skavrh f.keú;a fok;=re Èk .Kkla n,d

bkakg isÿúh' fndfydaúg tajd f.k wd Èkfha" ta i|yd f.ùug m%udKj;a uqo,la ksjfia fkd;snqKq ksid Ndr fkdf.k bkakgo isÿù we;' th u;lg wd úg wef.a yf~ys ÿlauqiq;djh weish yelsh' weh CIKhlska mshú iajdNdjhg meñK oeka mj;sk ;;aFjh .ek úia;r lrkakSh' zzoeka is,skavrh f.keú;a NdrfooaS ug th mdúÉÑ lsÍu i|yd wjYH;djh fldfy;au fkdoefka' fjk;a wf;a m%udKj;a uqo,a fkdue;s is,skavrhl wjYH;djh we;s flfkla wef;d;a tu wjia:dfõ§ th wehg fokafkñ'ZZ Ôj jdhq cklh ,o fya;=fjka lsãfoaúf.a uqM;ekaf.hs ;;aFjh fjkia úh' kuq;a WAFD ys

iafõÉPd fiaúldjl f,i m;a lsÍuhs" wef.a iïmQK_fhka fjkia lsÍug mdol jQfha' weh mjikafka ñksiqka iu`. l:d lsÍug iy fjk;a msßis wu;kúg§ wef.a fm!reIFjh mj;ajd.; hq;= wkaou;a weh bf.k.;a njh' by;§ weh t;rï l:d fkdl<dh' kuq;a iafõÉPd fiaúldjl ùu ;=<ska wehg l:d lsÍug isÿjqKs' weh uys,d uKav, /iaùïj, iyNd.S fjñka" WAFD

úiska y÷kajdfokq ,nk ;dCIKhka ,nd .ekSug iy tajd Ndú;d lrkakg wfkla msßiao WkJÿ lrjkakSh' weh uqLß jQ whqre oelaùug uE;l§ jQ isoaêhla ms<sn|j weh l:d l<dh' zz.fuys msßñka yd ldka;djka fldÜGdY ixj¾Ok ld¾hd,h wdikakfha ì;a;shla bÈ lsÍu i|yd l=,shg .kq ,eîh' msßñka l< hq;= jQfha nodu fhdod .fvd,a neïu ne£u muKs' tfy;a ldka;djkag isÿjQfha uy;a mßY%uhla oeßh hq;= b¢lsÍug wjYH øjHh f.k tauhs' msßñkag re' 350la f.ùug ;snQ w;r" ldka;djka i|yd f.jkakg kshñ; jQfha re' 200ls' fuu jegqma fjki oek.;a ud n,OdÍkag lshd isáhd Tn f.jkafka re' 200la kï wms jev lrkafk;a re' 200l m%udKhg muKhs lshdZZ lsãfoaú ;jÿrg;a lshd isáfha" fmr§ .fï ldka;djka wef.a woyia m%ldY l<úg wehj wj{dfjka neyer l< njh' zzkuq;a oeka .fï ish`Mu msßñka iy jeäysáhka" wfma woyiaj,g lka §ug mqreÿj isák w;r" we;eï wh wfmka woyia n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isà'ZZ oeka wmsg yef`.kafka" zzTõ wmg;a y~la ;sfíZZ fï ish,a, wdrïN jQfha yß; .ïudk ixj¾Ok ;dCIKhka lSmhla ksid fkdfõoehs isf;a'


57

5'3 YS% ,xldj O¾ur;ak uy;df.a jeäÈhqKq l< .fvd,a fmdarKqj O¾ur;ak uy;d YS% ,xldfõ" wkqrdOmqr Èia;s%lalfha l=vd mßudK .fvd,a ksIamdolfhls' Tyqf.au bvul Tyqf.au .fvd,a fmdarKqjla we;' wu;r c,h ,nd .ekSu msKsi Tyq bvfïu <s|la leK we;' Tyq ish ìß|;a mq;=ka fofokd;a ÈhKsh;a rCId lrñka mqrd jir 15la ;siafia Tyqf.a iaÓr wdodhï bmehSfï ls%hdldrlu f,i .fvd,a ksIamdokh isÿ lrñka isà' wlalrhl m%udKhla mqrd úys§ .sh Tyqf.a f.j;af;a" fmd,a" flfi,a" nq,;a" hog

plum" fo,a iy .ïñßia j.d lr

we;af;ah' .fvd,a jHdmdrhg wu;rj fïjdhska Tyq Ôúldj i|yd wdodhula Wmhhs' Tyq Tyqf.a mjqf,a whf.kaj;a Woõjla fkdue;sj ;ksju jev lrhs' Tyq ksmojk .fvd,l m%udKh w`.,a 9x

w`.,a 4 xw`.,a 4la fõ' Tyq oekg tla

.fvd,la YS% ,xld remsh,a 13 ne`.ska wf,ú lrhs' Tyq oejfhka ;ekQ wÉpqjla .fvd,a ;ekSu i|yd Ndú;d lrhs' O¾ur;ak tla wjia:djlg .fvd,a 15000la muK ksIamdokh lrhs' .fvd,a ;eksu i|yd oyhshd iys; ñY%Khla Ndú;d lsÍu i|yd IDEA

úiska O¾ur;ak uy;d mqyqKq lrk ,È' Tjqka Tyqg .fvd,a fmdarKqj ;=< jvd fyd¢ka weisÍfï l%ufõohlao y÷kajd ÿks' fï wkqj Tyqg jvd fyd| ksIamdok ls%hdj,shla i|yd oekqj;a lrñka fmdarKqfõ .fvd,a ms,siaiSu i|yd oyhshd Ndú;h ms<sn|jo Tyqg W.kajkq ,eîh' Tjqka m<uqj O¾ur;ak uy;d iu`. .fvd,a ;ekSug ueá ,nd .kakd ia:dkfha" ueá mßCIdjg ,la lrkakg fhÿKs' ueáj, iajdNdjh ksYaph lsÍfuka miqj" IDEA

úiska tajdfha .=Kd;aul Ndjh iy yeisrùfï iajdNdjh wOHhkh lsÍu i|yd ueá iy oyhshd úúO ñY%Khka w;ayod n,kq ,eîh' Tjqka ta wkqj jvd;au fhda.H ñY%Kh ms<sn|j mqyqKq lrk ,È' IDEA O¾ur;ak uy;dg Tyq mdúÉÑ lrñka ;snqKq ;djld,sljQ;a wdld¾hCIujQ;a" bkaOk

wêl f,i oykh l,djQ;a kdia;sldr fmdarKqj" iaÓr .fvd,a fmdarKqjla njg ;;aFjh Wiia lr .ekSu i|yd Wmldr lf,ah' kj fmdarKqj ;=ka me;a;lska iaÓr .fvd,a neñ ne| mshiaila iys;j bÈ lrk ,o" or i|yd jQ bÈßmi l=yr 3la iys;" oyk bkaOk f,i or fyda oyhshd Ndú;d l< yels wkaoug fuh bÈfldg we;' fuu fmdarKqfjys wu;r oyk ldKqo we;af;ah'

rEmigyk 5'3'1( O¾ur;ak oyhshd ñY%Kfhka .fvd,a ;khs'

rEmigyk 5'3'2( O¾ur;ak uy;df.a jeäÈhqKq l< .fvd,a fmdarKqj


58

Wiia lrk ,o l%ufõohkg wkqj" fmdarKqj ;=< .fvd,a weiqreu l%uj;aj isÿ flfrk w;r" ;dmh me;sÍhEu jeäÈhqKq lsÍu iy tys Wmßu m%fhdackh ,nd .ekSu msKsi .fvd,a ;Ügq w;r l=yr ;=< oyhshd msrùuo isÿ flf¾' .fvd,a fmdarKqfõ jeäÈhqKq lsÍï ;=<ska oej mßfNdackh fnfyúka wvqù we;s w;r" O¾ur;ak uy;d jeks .fvd,a ksIamdolhskaf.a wu;r wd¾Ól jdisj,go fya;=fõ fï fya;=fjka or i|yd .ia lemSfïo wvqùula isÿfõ' wfkla w;g fu;=<ska jdhqf.da,hg úfudapkh jk wx.dßldï, jdhq m%udKho wvq jkafkah' Ôj-wmøjHh .fvd,a fmdarKq i|yd fhdod .ekSfuka wl%uj;a f,i wmøjHh f,i neyer lsÍuo wvq fõ' ,S l=vq iy oyhshd .sKs ;eîfuka jdhqf.da,hg iy c, uQ,dY%j,g uqod yefrk wmøjHho wvqù we;' O¾ur;ak uy;d fuu ;dCIKh ksid buy;a i;=gg m;aj isà' Wiia ;;aFjhg muqKqjk ,o ueá $ oyhshd ñY%Kh fya;=fjka kdia;sh 5] olajd wvqlr .ekSug yelsj we;' fuh l,ska mej;s 15] l muK kdia;sh yd iei÷ l< ie,lsh hq;= j¾Okhls' Tyqf.a ñY%Khg wvq ueá m%udKhla fhdod .ekSu ksid jeo.;a mdßißl m%;s,dNhlao w;afõ' tkï mfika ueá fjka lr .ekSfï§ we;súh yels Wmøjhka fya;=fjks' oyhshdo Ndú;d lsÍug yels ksid Tyqf.a fmdarKqj i|yd mdúÉÑ lrkq ,nk or m%udKho wvqh' Tyq oeka .fvd,a 3000la ms,siaiSu i|yd fhdod .kq ,nkafka or >k hdr 1la iy wu;r oyhshd m%udKhls' th fmr§ fuu .fvd,a m%udKh

i|yd fhdod.;a or >k hdr 7- ¡ 8 olajd jQ m%udKhg idfmaCIjh' fmdarKqfõ ld¾hCIu;djh

ksid Tyqg ld<ho b;sß lr .ekSug yelsj we;' nyq,j ,nd.; yels n,Yla;Ska f,i oej iy oyhshd mj;sk rgla jQ YS% ,xldj ;=< fuu ;dCIKh m%p,s; lsÍu i|yd bv m%ia:d nyq,j we;' n;a wdydrhg .ekSu úYd, f,i me;sr f.dia we;s ksid;a" ù f.dú;ek úYd, jYfhka isÿ flfrk ksid;a n,Yla;s uQ,dY%hla f,i oyhshd fhdod .ekSu i|yd YS% ,xldj ;=< w;s uy;a bvlvla mj;S'

rdcmCI uy;df.a jeäÈhqKq l< oaúFj ,sma iys; l¾udka; W÷k l,ska rdcH fiajlhl=j isá rdcmCI uy;d fï jkúg§ ish ksjfia isg lsß fgd*S jHdmdrhla mj;ajdf.k hhs' fuu jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr Tyqf.a mjqf,a iEu flfklau Tyqf.a fmr /lshdfjka ,o wdodhu u; hemqfkah' 1994 jif¾ /lshdfjka bj;aùfuka miq Tyq" Tyqf.a ìß|;a iu`. fuu jHdmdrh wdrïN lrk ,È' uq,§ Tyqf.a ìß| iydhsldjl f,i yjq,a jQjdh' Tyqf.a jHdmdrh flÍf.k hoa§ Tyq iydhlhska fofokl= n|jd .;a;o" tu m,df;a mj;sk lïlrejkaf.a ys.h fya;=fjka" fïjkúg§ Tyq h<s;a jrla Tyqf.a ìß| iu`. fuu jHdmdrh lrf.k hkq ,nhs' fujka wjia:djl fufyhqïj, myiqj b;d jeo.;a fõ' fï wkqj ld,h yd myiqj w;ska rdcmCI uy;d f.a W÷k jvd;a jeo.;a j;alula jkafkah' 2003 jir jk;=re Tyq idïm%odhsl ;ks or W÷kla Ndú;d lf<ah' Tyqg fï i|yd or ñ,§ .ekSug isÿúh' wdld¾hCIu jQ ie,eiaula iys; ;ks W÷k fya;=fjka rdcmCIf.a fgd*S ñY%Kh idod .ekSug jeä ld<hla .; lrkakg isÿúh' 2003 jif¾§ IDEA iy ARECOP ^wdishdkq

l,dmSh or W÷ka jevigyk& W÷ka ie,iqïlrKh" ks¾udKlrKh iy ia:dmkh ms<sn| mqyqKq lsÍï ud,djla" Èia;s%lal 10la mqrd mj;ajkag fhÿKs' Tjqkag m%dfoaYSh l=vd$uOHu m%udKfha l¾udka; i|yd ksheÈ jHdmD;s lsysmhla ls%hd;aul lsÍug ´kE úh' fuys wruqk jQfha mqyqKqjkakkag m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï ,nd §u;a" jeäÈhqKq l< W÷ka u`.ska l¾udka; ysñlrejkag hï m%;s,dNhla ,nd oSu;ah' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka mßirh fj; fuu l¾udka;lrejkaf.a ls%hdldrlï ;=<ska jkakdjQ RKd;aul n,mEïo wvq úh' fuu l¾;jHh i|yd l=vd isg uOHu mßudK l¾udka; y;rla f;dard .kakd ,È'


59

rdcmCI uy;d fufia f;dard.kq ,enQ tla m%;s,dNsfhls' rdcmCI yg lsß fgd*s iE§u i|yd is;kakg fndfyda foa úh' kshu ñY%Khla lrd taug fmr Tyqg úúO ñY%K iy lEu jÜfgdare w;ayod ne,Sug isÿ úh' oeka Tyq i;=j jÜfgdare 3la we;s w;r" tajd lsß fgd*S iE§u msKsi udrefjka udrejg fhdod .kS' lsßfgd*S ksmoùfï Odß;dj uilg lE,s 40"000ls' Tyq lsßfgd*S fnod yeÍu msKsi Tyqf.au ;S%ú,rh fhdod .kS' Tyqf.a fgd*sj, ñ, iy .=Kd;aulNdjh fya;=fjka m%foaYfha fj<|ie,a iu`. fyd| in|;djhla f.dvk`.df.k isà' Tyq" Tyqf.a jHdmdrfhka uilg YS% ,xld remsh,a 20"000l muK jQ iaÓr wdodhula ,nk nj jd¾;d lrhs' jeämqr fiajl msßila fhdod.;fyd;a Tyq jvd jeä ,dNhla ,nd .ekSfï h;d¾:jd§ bv m%ia:djla we;af;ah'

lsßfgd*S iE§u §¾>" l,a .;jk ls%hdj,shls' fuys m%Odk øjHhka jkafka fmd,a lsß" lsßmsá iy iSks h' ls%hdj,sh wdrïN jkafka w`M;a fmd,a .d .ekSfuks' fufia .d .;a fmd,a ñßld lsß ,nd .kS' lsß ñßld .;a fmd,a l=vq o wmf;a fkdhjhs' tajd úh<d fmd,a f;,a idod .ekSug fhdod .kS' fuu fmd,af;,a msiSï i|yd Ndú;hg iqÿiq fkdjk ksid weiqreuqlrKh yd uqød lsÍu i|yd fhdod .efka' bka miqj ish`Mu øjHh kshñ; ud;%dj,ska ñY% lr.kq ,nhs' lsßfgd*S iE§fï§ tla m%Odk ls%hdj,shla jkafka fuu ñY%Kh fyd¢ka wLKavj ye¢ .dñka WKq lsÍuhs' fufia tys iajdNdjh iy Wl= nj fgd*S iE§ug iy lemSug iqÿiq uÜgug f.k tkq ,nhs' uq,§ ñY%Kh msiSu i|yd mdrïmßl ;ks W÷kla Ndú;d lrkakg fhÿKs'

rdcmCI okajd isáfha or fndfydauhla fkdoeù b;sß jQ w;r" jev lrk ia:dkfha ÿïfrdgq .yKj meje;s njh' idudkHhla f,i .;fyd;a or >k hdr Nd.hla ^>k wä 13'5& blau jQ m%udKhla lsßfgd*S 8000la iE§u i|yd wjYHù we;' rdcmCI mejiQ wkaoug we;eï wjia:dj,§ Tyqg tu ksujqï m%udKh i|yd or >k hdrhla muK mdúÉÑ lsÍug isÿ jQ wjia:d meñK we;' Bg yd;amiskau fjkia whqßka oeka rdcmCI mjid isákafka" w`M;a ,sma fofla l¾udka; W÷k mdúÉÑh .;a;dg miqj Tyqf.a fgd*S iE§fï ls%hdj,sfhys ld¾hCIu;djh iEfyk m%udKhlska jeäÈhqKq ù we;s nj;a Tyqf.a M,odhS;djh jeäj we;s nj;ah' ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhlska b,aü my; nei we;s ksid Tyq or ñ,§ .ekSu iïmQK_fhkau w;aysgqjd we;' fgd*s 8000la iE§ug

wjYH or m%udKh >k wä 4 ¡ -5 olajd m%udKhla jk w;r" th 50]la ;rï jQ wvq ùuls' Tyqf.a

f.j;af;ka ,nd.; yels or" jeäÈhqKq l< W÷k oe,aùug m%udKj;a fyhska Tyqf.a ksIamdok jeho fnfyúka wvqù we;' óg wu;rj" ld¾hCIu ;;aFjfhka ie,iqïlr we;s W÷k ksid ÿu wvq ùu fya;=fjka Tyqf.a jev ìfuys mßirho jvd iem myiq ;;aFjhlg m;aj we;'

rEmigyk 5'3'3( rdcmCI uy;d lsßfgd*S iE§u i|yd jQ jeäÈhqKq l< oaúFj ,sma iys; W÷k


60

rdcmCI uy;d W÷k ms<sn|j uy;a meye§ulska miqfjhs' .;jqKq jir 12 mqrdu Tyq fuu jeäÈhqKq l< W÷ku mdúÉÑ lrhs' fï ld<h ;=<§ Tyqg lrkakg isÿj we;af;a W÷fkys Wmdx. lSmhla m%;sixialrKh lsÍu muKs' mßirh w;ska .;al<" or mßfNdackh wvqùu fya;=fjka ta i|yd .ia lemSu wju ù we;' jHdmD;sh ;=<ska ls%hdjg kexjqKq iudk jQ ueÈy;aùï ldnka jdhq úfudapkh ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq lsÍug Wmldr ù we;'

5'4 fkamd,h c,hg m%fõYhla iy jeäÈhqKq l< ikSmdrCIdj i|yd yhsfv%d,sla ?ï fmdïm ^yhsv%Eï& ldjqf¾m,dkafpdala Èia;s%lalfha jeä j¾Okh jk m%jK;djla jkafka msßñ ck.yKh ueofmrÈ. rgj, iy l;aukavq kqjr lrd /lshdjka i|yd ixl%uKh ùuhs' ifkda.djqka -5 .%dufhys nd,a;d,s VDC ys

ldka;djka m%cduQ,sl yhsfv%d,sla ?ï fmdïm jHdmD;shla uQ,drïN fldg wjika lrñka ieug WodyrKhla imhd we;' fuu ldka;d uQ,drïNhka i|yd m%isoaêhla ,nd ÿkafka fkamd,fha .%dóh ;dCIK flaJøfha (CRT/N) yhsv%Eï

jHdmD;shhs' tys§ CRT/N Tjqkaf.a yjq,alrejka jk

>Ügd ysñlrejkaf.a ix.uh" UNDP (GEF/SGP) .%dóh

n,Yla;s iy ;dCIKsl fiajd uOHia:dkh (Rural Energy

and Technology Service Centre- RETSC) tlaj lsisÿ

ms,sirKla fkdue;s m%cdjf.a f.dú;eka lghq;= i|yd;a Tjqkaf.a fm!oa.,sl iy fmdÿ ikSmdrCIdj i|yd;a m%udKj;a c, iemhqulg m%fõYh ,nd§u ;=<ska Tjqkaf.a Ôúld jD;a;s Wiia lsÍu i|yd ms<sfj,la ilia lrkakg fhÿKs' fuu .u ;=< yhsv%Euhla ia:dmkh lsÍu ;+<ska jdß c,h jeishkaf.a f.dúm,j,g ,`.d lsÍug;a" Tjqkag" Tjqkaf.a jeisls<s bÈlr .ksñka ikSmdrCIdj jeäÈhqKq lr .ekSu i|yd WkJÿ lrùulao isÿúh' fuu jHdmD;sfhka ksjdi 35l 150l muK ck;djla m%;s,dN ,nhs' CIqø jdß mqreÿ (Sprinkles- j;=r u,a) yhsv%Euh iu`. taldnoaO lrñka" oeka fylaghd¾ 3'3l

N+ñhlg jdß myiqlï ,nd§ t<j`M jeks jeä jákdlula we;s fNda. j.d lsÍfï myiqlu oeka ,eî we;' fmr§ mdrïmßl fNda. rgdjla m%dfhda.slj fhdod .ksñka ;sß`.=" fufkaß" nd¾,s iy wn wd§ idïm%odhsl fNda. j.d l< f.dùka" yhsv%Euhg ia;=;s jkakg oeka wdl¾IKh ù we;af;a jeä jákdlula iys; fNda.hka jk" fld;a;u,a,s" u,a f.dajd" f.dajd" w¾;dm,a iy ;lald,s j.d lsÍugh' wo Tjqkag m%udKj;a f,i c,h we;s neúka ma,diaála Wux Ndú;d lrñka wjdrfha§ jqjo t<j`M j.d lsßu .ek is;d ne,sh yel'

rEmigyk 5'4'1( yhsv%Euh


61

mdßfNda.slhska yg jdß c,h ieugu idOdrK f,i Tjqfkdjqka w;r fnod .ekSugo" ta wkqj moaO;sh idOdrKj yd ld¾hCIuj mj;ajd .ekSugo" c,h i|yd uqo,a m%udK ;SrKh lsÍu iy whlr .ekSuo" Ndú;d lrkakka w;r c, Ndú;h ms<sn| u;fNao ksrdlrKh lsÍu i|ydo yelshdj we;af;ah' jeäÈhqKq l< mqyqKqj iy jeisls<s ( jHdmD;sfhys kshu n,mEu ck iudch ;=< ldka;djkaf.a iduQysl m%h;akfha;a" jHdmD;s yjq,aldrhskaf.a ks;H miqúmrï iys; wLKav mqyqKq lsÍïj, w;=reM,hla f,i oelsh yelsh' ldka;djkaf.a f.!rjh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd" tu ldka;djkao iys; jQ ish`M md¾Yjlrejka" m%cd idudðlhskaf.a oekqj;aNdjh jeä lsÍu i|yd jeisls<s 35la ks¾udKh lsßu i|ydo ish iyfhda.h ,nd ÿkay' fuu ueÈy;aùu m%cjf.a fi!LHh" iajia:;dj iy ikSmdrCIdj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd fnfyúka odhlúh' zzksfji wdikakfhau jeisls<shla ;sfnk ksid ug rd;S% ld<fha§ YdÍßl mSvdjla fyda jk i;=kaf.ka ydkshla .ek ìh jkakg fya;=jla keyeZZ oeka wef.au jeisls<shla mdúÉÑ lsÍug bv ,eî we;s W¾ñ,d kjdka.a mejiqjdh' .ï jeishkaf.a ksjdi miqmi ñÿf,ys jeisls<s myiqlï we;s ksid t<uyfka u<my lsßu k;rù" tu`.ska m%;s,dNS m%cdjf.a iajia:;dj iy ikSmdrCId ;;aFjh jeäÈhqKq ù we;af;ah' tmuKlao fkdj" i¾mhska oIaG lsÍu" lDñ Wjÿre iy fjk;a YdÍßl mSvd ms<sn| wjOdku o" t<suyfka u<my lsßu iy udia Y=oaêh jeks .¾ydjg ,laúh yels ;;aFjho bj;aj f.dia we;' jeisls<s j,j,a ^mq;sld gexls& l<ukdlrKh ;=<ska W¾ñ,d iy wfkl=;a m%;s,dNSka oeka wu;r úl,amhla f,i ñksia u<" lDIs wmøjHh iu`.ska tl;=lr Tjqkaf.a f.j;= j.djg fyda f.dúìïj,go fhdod.; yels ldnksl fmdfydro ;kd .kS' ZZfmr§ udia Y=oaêh isÿjk ld,fha thg uqyqK §ug fm!oa.,slFjh /flk ;ekla fidhd .ekSu wmyiq ldßhla jqKd' kuq;a ug oeka th iajia:dkql+,j iy .reFjhla we;sj lr .kakg yelshs' uu oeka uf.a orejkag jeisls<s hEug W.kajkjd' uu i;=gq fjkafka uf.a ÿj jeäúhg m;afjoa§" t<uyfka u<my lrkakg iqÿiq fm!oa.,slFjh wdrCIdjk ;ekla fidhkak uu uqyqKÿka .eg`Mj,g wehg uqyqK fokak fjkafka ke;s tl .ekhs' l<ska Wfoa mdkaoßka wjÈ fj,d jeisls<sh úÈhg mdúÉÑ lrkak mqMjka wdjrKh jqK ;ekla fidhkak .shd jf.a oeka ug hkak wjYH fkdfjk ksid ug rd;s%fha jeä fõ,djla ksod.kak mqMjks' wfma wjg mßirfha ;jÿrg;a u<-uQ;%d ÿ¾.kaOh me;sfrkafka keyeZZ' W¾ñ,d n,dfmdfrd;a;= bgqjqKq ch.%d.S ye`.Sulska hq;=j mejiqjdh' fuu ixj¾Okfha iduQysl n,mEu jvd;au iam¾I jkafka iks.djqka-5" nd,a;d,s ys fkamd,Sh ldka;djkaf.a ;;aFjh flfrysh' fuu jHdmD;sh ldka;djkaf.a ixksfõok l=i,;d j¾Okh l< muKla fkdj" th Tjqkg uy;a jQ wd;au úYajdihla" kdhlFjhla iy ;SrK .ekSfï Yla;sho ,ndÿKs'


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iska¥,s Èia;s%lalfhys úÿ,sn,h i|yd jQ jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda, jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda,a ;dCIKh" yß; .ïudk ixj¾Ok ixl,amfhys idrhg W!kmQ¾Kh lrhs' th msú;=re n,Yla;s uQ,dY%hla jkjd muKla fkdj tys .%dóh Ôúld jD;a;Ska k.d isgqúh yels iu m%;s,dNo we;af;ah' th fkamd,fha l÷lrfha c, uQ,dY% nyq, iy moaO;sh ls%hdlrùug wjYH Wia uÜgïo iys; m%foaYj,g b;du;a fhda.Hh' miq.sh oYl lSmh ;=<§ fuu ;dCIKfhys fjkialï rdYshla isÿ lrñka th jvd;a ld¾hCIu" ld<h b;sß lrkq ,nk" mdúÉÑfha§ yqrenqyqá tlla njg m;afldg we;' (CRT/N) fkamd,fha .%dóh

;dCIK flaJøh" úÿ,sn,h i|yd jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda, (IWME- Improved Water Mill

Electrifition) kï jQ j¾Okh l<" c, fuda,a moaO;s úfYaIh ls%hd;aul lrk ,È' fuh .%dóh

rEmigyk 5'4'2( yhsv%Eï jHdmD;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍu Wfoid ldka;djkaf.a odhlFjh

rEmigyk 5'4'3( yhsv%Euh ia:dmkh lsÍfuka miqj bÈ jQ jeisls<s iy c, gexls

rEmigyk 5'4'4( jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda,


63

m%cdj i|yd úÿ,s n, Yla;sh iemhSug iy jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda,aj,ska ckkh jkakdjQ úÿ,sh Ndú;d lrkakd jQ CIqø -jHdmdr taldnoaO lsÍu msKsi fhdod .kq ,nhs' jeo.;au ldrKhla f,i" fuu jevigykg wdodhï bmehSï úi÷ï ms<sn| mqyqKq lsÍï fndfyduhlao wka;¾.;j we;' IWME ;dCIKfhys id¾:lFjhg m%Odk fya;=j jQfha" t;=<ska ck;djf.a Ôúld jD;a;s i|yd jQ

Rcq odhlFjhhs' nvbß`.=" ;sß`.= iy ù jeks OdkH j¾. fkamd,fha .ïnoj j.d lrkq ,nk m%Odk fNda. w;=ßka iuyrls' c, fuda," fuu fNda. j¾. mßfNdackhg .ekSug fmr myiqfjka ilid .ekSu i|yd bv i,ihs' IWME ;dCIKh ksid ãi,a bkaOk Ndú;fhka lrkq ,nk

idïm%odhsl wdydr ieliqï WmlrK wj;eka lrñka yd;ami me;sreKq mßirfhys yß;d.dr jdhq m%udKh wvq lsÍugo odhl fjhs' CIqø l¾udka;j,go jvd ,dNodhS f,i mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd fuu ;dCIKh Wmfhda.S lr.; yelsh' óg wu;rj IWME jevigyk ;=<ska" ;dCIKh

lrd msúiSfï myiqj jeäÈhqKq lsÍug iy .%dóh m%cdjka yg CIqø- jHdmdr uQ,drïN lsÍu i|ydo kjH uQ,H m%fõYhka y÷kajdfokq ,eîh' fuu IWME jevigyka ls%hd;aul lrkq ,enQfõ cd;sl úÿ,s moaO;shg m%fõYh fkdue;s

.ïudkj, muKs' cd;sl moaO;sfhka ndysrj Ôj;a jQ iska¥,s m%foaYfha ck;dj N+ñf;,a ,dïmq" úÿ,s mkaoï" bá mkaoï iy iQ¾hn, gqlSia ^wdfrdamKh l< yels iQ¾hn, ,dïmq& m%fhdackhg .;ay' fuu uQ,dY%j,ska ,enqKq wdf,dalh ksjeishkag Tjqkaf.a .Dyia: ls%hdldrlï ld¾hCIuj isÿ lr .ekSug fyda bf.kSï lghq;= i|yd;a m%udKj;a fkdùh' IWME jevigykla i|yd

b,a,Sula lsÍu i|yd m%;s,dNS m%cdjg wjYH jQ m%Odk ldrKh jkafka Tjqkaf.a wNs,dIh jQ wdf,dallrKhg iy úfkdao ùu ^rEmjdysKsh iy .=jkaúÿ,sh& i|yd ld¾hCIu jQ úÿ,sn, uQ,dY%hla ,nd .ekSuhs' l=l=,a f.dúm,lg wdf,dalh iy mqyqKqj IWME moaO;sfhys tla m%;s,dNshl= jkafka" Tyqf.a

.fuys§ zzÑlka uEkaZZ hkqfjka wdorhg ye¢kajQ cdkla ny¥¾ ;dmd uy;dhs' fuu úkS; ñksid jir .Kkdjl isg iska¥,s Èia;s%lalfhys Tyqf.au jQ l=l=,a f.dúm,la md,kh lrñka bkakd ckms%h f.dúfhls' CRT/Nys f;aÍï lñgqj úiska l=l=,a f.dúm, jHdmdr

ms<sn|j tajkúg§;a uQ,sl oekqula ;snqKq Tyqj" l=l=,a f.dúm, md,kh ms<sn| mQ¾K mqyqKqjla i|yd f;dard .kakd ,È' Tyqf.a ;lafiarejg wkqj mqyqKqj ,eîug fmr" 50 fofklaf.ka iukaú; l=l=M ?klska mfyka tfla isg ld,la muK ixLHdjla ñh f.dia we;s njhs' mqyqKqfjka miq fuhg j.lsj hq;af;a l=l=M fldgqfõ ksjerÈ fkdjQ ie,eiau;a" m%udKj;a wdf,dalhla fkd;sîu;a nj Tyq jgyd .;af;ah' mqyqKqjg fmr tlaflda Tyq fldgqfjys lsisÿ wdf,dalhla fkdiemhqfõh' ke;skï b;d ÿ¾j, iQ¾h n,Yla;s wdf,dalhla fhdod .;af;ah' fï fya;=fjka l=l=<ka urKhg m;aúh' mqyqKqj ,eîfuka miq ;dmd uy;df.a m%:u ld¾hh jQfha l=l=M fldgqfjys

rEmigyk 5'4'5( iy 5'4'6( l=l=M fldgqj iy zzÑlka uEkaZZ


64

.=Kd;aul ;;aFjh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu iy i;=kag lEu imhkq ,nk ld, igyk fjkia lsßu fukau iemhQ wdydrj, .=Kd;aulNdjh jeäÈhqKq lsÍuhs' Tyq j¾;d lrk wkaoug l=l=<kaf.a urK ixLHdj 4] olajd wvqù we;s njhs' l=l=,a megjqka lKAvdhula fyd¢ka jefvkakg Èk 45-

¡ 60 olajd jQ ld<hla .;jk w;r" Wka fj<|mf,ys wf<úlrKq ,nkafka bka miqjh' uig

ms%h fndfyda fokl= isák ksid l=l=<ka mßfNdackh lrkq ,nkafka .fïu m%cdjh' Tyq l=l=<a uia lsf,daj re' 250 ne`.ska wf<ú lrhs' ^tla l=l=<l=f.a idudkH nr m%udKh ls'.%E' 2'5ls& fï wkqj Tyq tla l=l=<ka lKavdhula wf<ú lsÍfuka ,nk ,dNh o< jYfhka fkamd, re' 11000ls' fuh Tyqf.a fmr wdodhug jákd jeäùula jkafkah'

IWME úiska cks; lrkq ,enQ wjfYaI wdodhï bmeoaoùfï bvm%ia:d we÷ï ueiSu i|yd wdf,dalh

we÷ï ueiSu" weiaj,g uy;a fjfyila f.k fok /lshdjls' th tfia jqjo fma%ï;=udß wd,s yg" rd;S% ld<fha§ úÿ,s mkaoul fyda iQ¾h n,Yla;s ,ka;Ereul ÿ¾j, wdf,dalhl frÈ ueiSu yer fjk;a l%uhla ;snqfKa ke;' IWME

jHdmD;sfhka úÿ,sh ,efnkakg fmr wehg" wehf.a ueyqï jHdmdrh lrf.k hEug isÿ jQfha oj,a ld<fha§ muKs' tf,iskao wehg fhdod.; yels jQfha meh lSmhla muKls' ta wehg fjk;a .Dyia: lghq;= lsÍugo isÿjQ ksidh' flfia jqjo m%udKj;a wdf,dalhla fkdue;s ùfï lrorho ordf.k wehg rd;s%fhao jev lrkakg

isÿjqfka wehf.a iaÓr jHdmdrfhka Ôj;a ùu i|yd uqo,la fidhd .ekSugh' W;aij ld<j,§ wehg

fndfyda mdßfNda.slhskaf.a jev Ndr fkd.ekSug isÿ jQfha wehg tajd kshñ; fõ,djg wjika lr§fï yelshdjla fkdue;s ùu ksidh' úÿ,sh ,enQ ú.iska wef.a Ôjk ;;aFjh hym;a w;g yereKs' WodyrKhla f,i uE;l§ àia (TEEZ) ^ldka;djka muKla iurkq ,nk W;aijhls&

wehg rd;s%fha§ È.= ld<hla jev lsÍfï wjia:dj ,eîu fya;=fjka wef.a .kqfokqlrejkaf.a weKjqï fndfydauhla wjika lr§ug yelsù we;' rd;s%fhys§ wu;r meh .Kkla jev lsÍu

;=<ska wehg wef.a wdodhï uÜgu 30]- ¡ 40] lska muK jeälr .ekSug yelsj we;'

rEmigyk 5'4'7( fm%aï;=udß wd,s" wehf.a ueyqï jevm, ;=<


65

ãi,a wUreï hka;%h m%;sia:dmkh lsÍu IWME jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsÍfï§

.ïudkfhys meje;s idïm%odhsl f*dis, bkaOkj,ska ls%hd;aul jQ ;dCIKhka l%ufhka bj;a lsÍfï wjYH;dj iksgqyka jqKs' flfia jqjo idïm%odhsl bkaOk mdol lr.;a jHdmdßlhska" Tjqkag wysñ jQ jHdmdr fjkqjg úl,am Ôúld jD;a;Ska i|yd fhduq lsÍug jHdmD;sh j.n,d .;af;ah' ckla ;dmd uy;d Tyqf.a l=l=`M md,k N+ñldjg wu;rj" oyd¾ rdKspQß-ys úÿ,s n,d.drfha ls%hdlreo jkafkah' IWME jHdmD;sh .ug

tkakg fmr Tyq" ãi,a bkaOkfhka ls%hd;aul jQ lDIs fNda. ieliSu i|yd jQ weUreï hka;%fhys ls%hdlrej isáfhah' Tyqg f*dis, bkaOk Ndú;d lrkq ,nk ;dCIKfhka mßirh w;ska neÆ l< fhd.H tajd fkdjk nj f;areï .sfha mqyqKqj ,noa§h' IWME

jevigyk" tjeks ãi,a lDIs fNda. weUreï hka;% wj;eka lrkq ,nk nj Tyqg mjid we;' Tyqf.a jHdmdrh IWME úiska wj;eka lrkakg hk ksid" Tyqj IWME úiska ia:dmkh lrkq

,nk ù weUreï hka;%fhys ls%hdlrejd f,i f;dard .ekSug .fï m%cdj tl`. úh' Tyqf.a j.lSïj,g IWME moaO;sh mK.ekaùu iy keje;aùuo we;=<;a úh' .ïuqka ksIamdokh lrkq

,nk ù wUrd ieliSuo Tyqf.a j.lSu úh' ù weUÍu i|yd .ïuqkaf.ka wh lr.kq ,nk uqo,a jHdmD;s lñgqjg NdrÈh hq;= w;r" lñgqfjka udislj fkamd,a remsh,a 2000la Tyqg jegqma jYfhka f.jk ,È' fï olajd iudkHhla f,i ù weUreï hka;%fhka Tyqg uilg re' 1600l wdodhula bmhSug yelsù we;' .dia;=j,ska wh fjk uqo,g wu;rj fuu uqo, IWME

moaO;sfhka cks;ù we;s ;j;a wdodhï uQ,dY%hls' m%;s,dNSkaf.ka ì, whlr .ekSu i|yd Ndú;d lrkqfha wkqmd;sl .dia;= l%uhls' iEu úÿ,s nqnq,la i|ydu m%;s,dNS ksjdihlska fkamd,a re' 15l uqo,la f.jkq ,nhs' fï wkqj tla ksjilska uilg fkamd,s re' 60 uqo,la IWME jHdmD;sh úiska ckkh lrkq ,nk

úÿ,sh fjkqfjka f.jkq ,nhs' l=l=,a fldgq jHdmdrhla mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk mjq,la uilg fkamd,s re' 75la f.jkq ,nhs' lñgqj wju mßfNdack .dia;=lao kshu lr we;' tl úÿ,s nqnq,la mdúÉÑ l<o 4la mdjÉÑ l<o iEu ksjilskau fkamd,s re' 45l uqo,la f.ùug isÿfõ' fmr Èkj,§ ãi,a bkaOk Ndú;d jk weUreï hka;%h fhdod .ekSfï§ oeka iy,a ieliSu i|yd fhdod .kakd IWME iu`. taldnoaO lrk ,o weUreï hka;%h fhdod .ekSug hk úhoug jvd

jeä úhoula orkakg isÿúh' ù uqß tlla ^wdikakk jYfhka ls'.%E' 70la& ãi,a iy,a weUreï hka;%hlska ieliSu i|yd fkamd,s re' 70la úhoïjk w;r" tu m%udKh IWME moaO;sfhka

ilid .ekSug oeka jeh jkafka fkamd,s re' 25la muKs'

rEmigyk 5'4'8( ù weUreï hka;%fhka iy,a ieliSu

rEmigyk 5'4'9( IWME iu`. taldnoaO l< iy,a weUreï hka;%h


66

yß;d.dr jdhQ úfudapkh wvq lsÍfï bvm%ia:d ieliqï fõ.h IWMEys iy ãi,a weUreï hka;%fhys idudk w.hl mj;S' ta mehg ù uqß fol

ne`.sks' ^mehg ls'.%E' 140ls& ck iudch ;=< IWME moaO;shla mej;Su lDIs fNda. ieliSu

i|yd f*dis, bkaOk Ndú;d lsÍfï m%udKh wvq ùug fya;=jk neúka jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda, mdúÉÑ lrkq ,eîu ;=<ska lDIs fCIa;%hg wod,j isÿjkakd jQ jdhq úfudapk uÜguo my< nei we;' weUreïyf,a ysñlref.a md¾Yajfhka n,k l< Tyqg ;jÿrg;a k.rhg .uka fldg ,Sgrh remsh,a 115 ne`.ska ãi,a bkaOk f.k tafï wjYH;djhla we;s fkdfõ' fufia ãi,a f.k taug .;jk ld<h;a" jehjk Yla;sh;a" oeka Tyqg b;sß jkafkah ksidh' ãi,a fuda, ls%hd;aul lrk wjêfha th udi 3la we;=<; ãi,a ,Sg¾ 35la mßfNdackh lr we;' tys m%;sM,hla f,i CO2 jdhqj ls'.%E' 92'14 by; ld< iSudj ;=< úfudapkh ùu isÿj we;' ^jd¾Isl mokug wkqj

ls'.%E' 1105'63 muK& IWME ls%hd;aul ùu ;=<ska ãi,a fhdod .ekqKq lDIs fNda. ieliqï fuda,

u`.ska ckkh lrkq ,enQ by; i|yka jdhq úfudapk m%udKh u`.yeÍug odhl ù we;' iuia:hla f,i mjq,a 36la muK fuu myiqlu ;=<ska m%;s,dN ,nhs' th Tjqkaf.a .Dyia: wdf,dallrKh" iy,a weUreï hka;% ls%hdlrùu iy iFj ^l=l=<ka& md,kh" WK nïnqj,ska we¢ rys; mqgq ksIamdokh jeks CIqø jHdmdr i|yd m%udKj;a n,Yla;s m%udKhla imhkq ,nhs' ;dCIKh i|yd f.ùï isÿ lsÍug jHdmD;sh úiska kjH uQ,H l%uhla fhdod.kq ,eîh' WodyrKhla f,i jHdmD;s msßjeh i|yd wdl¾YkSh iykdOdr ls%hdj,shla ls%hd;aul lrkq ,eîh' ia:dmkh l< moaO;sfhys uQ,sl msßjefhka 50]la jHdmD;sh oerE w;r" ia:dmkh lsÍu i|yd b;sßh m%cdj úiska imhd .ekSug iu;aúh' CRT/N myiqlï imhkafkl=f.a N+ñldj isÿ

lrñka m%cdj iy uQ,H wdh;k w;r iïnJO;d ;yjqre lrkakg fhÿKs' fuu uQ,H hdka;%Kfha kjH wxYh jQfha tu nexl=j Kh m%odkh lf,a lsisu wemlrhl wjYH;djhla fkdolajñka ùuhs' Tjqka m%;s,dNS m%cdj ;=< Ôj;ajk ,shdmÈxÑ ldka;d lKavdhïj,g Kh myiqlï ,nd ÿKs' tfia fkdjkakg Tjqkag Kh i|yd id¾:lj b,a ï lsÍu wmyiq ld¾hhla jkq we;' IWME ;dCIKh úÿ,sh i|yd m%fõYh jeäÈhqKq l<d muKla fkdj" wd¾Ól jYfhka

miqnEulg ,laj isák m%cdjg yß; ;dCIK úhoï ia:dmkh lr .ekSug bv ie,fik whqßka kjH uQ,H iydh i|ydo bv m%ia:d iemhSug ls%hd;aul úh' zÑlka uEkaZ jeks m%;s,dNSka yg fuh ia:djr wdodhula ,nd .ekSu i|yd jk Ôúld jD;a;shlao fõ'


67

flá fhÿï

GDP Gross Domestic Product o< foaYsh ksIamdÈ;h

PPP Purchasing Power Parity ñ,§ .ekSï n, iudkFjh

GHG Greenhoue Gases yß;d.dr jdhQ

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change

foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi ms<sn| wka;¾ rdcH uvq,a,

AR5 Fifith Assesment Report miajk ;lafiare jd¾;dj

HDI Human Development Index udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh

SAARC South Asian Association for

Regional Coorperation

l,dmSh iyfhda.S;djh i|yd jk ol=Kq wdishd;sl ix.uh

RET Renewable Energy Technology mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKh

IDEA Integrated Development Association taldnoaO ixj¾Ok ix.uh

CBO Community Based Organizations m%cd uQ, ixúOdk

INSEDA Integrated Sustainable Energy and

Ecological Development

Association

taldnoaO ;sridr n,Yla;s iy ffcj úoHd;aul ixj¾Ok ix.uh

WAFD Women’s Action for Development ixj¾Okh i|yd ldka;d ls%hdkaú;h

CRT/N Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal .%dóh ;dCIK flaJøh" fkamd,h

GCF Green Climate Fund yß; foaY.=K wruqo,

ODA Official Development Assistance ks< ixj¾Ok iyfhda.S;dj

RERED Renewable Energy for Rural

Economic Development

.%dóh wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i|yd mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;sh

NGO Non-Government Organization rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

GW Giga Watts .s.d fjdÜ

EVD Eco-Village Development yß; .%du ixj¾Okh

CSR Corporate Social Responsibility iduQysl iudc j.lSï

SHG Self-Help Groups wd;afudamldr lKavdhï

ICS Improved Cook Stoves jeäÈhqKq l< msisk W÷ka

COP 21 UNFCC Conference of Parties 21 md¾Yaj 21 UNFCC iïuka;%Kh

UNFCCC United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change

foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a rduq.; iïuq;sh

VDC Village Development Committee .%du ixj¾Ok lñgqj

RETSC Rural Energy and Technology

Service

.%dóh n,Yla;s iy ;dCIK fiajd

IWME Improved Water Mill Electricity úÿ,sn,h i|yd jeäÈhqKq l< c, fuda,

j,x.= uqo,a NRP: fkamd, remh,a Rs: bkaÈhdkq remsh,a


68

yjq,alrejkaf.a f,aLkh 1. INFORSE

1922 ßfhdays§ meje;ajqKq f.da,Sh iïuq;sfhys§ ia:dms; lrkq ,enQ ;sridr n,Yla;s i|yd jk cd;Hka;r cd,h" È.= ld,Sk ;sridr ixj¾Okh i|yd fmdÿ Wmdh ud¾.hla i|yd tluq;=j lghq;= lrkakd jQ" ìï uÜgfï fukau"

cd;sl" l,dmSh iy cd;Hka;r uÜgïj, ls%hd lrk rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk i|yd yuq ùfï ia:dkhla jkafkah' ie,ls,a,la olajk nyq wdxYsl tackais iu`. iïnJëlrKh mj;ajñka" foaYmd,ksl yd fmdÿck oekqj;a Ndjh we;s lrñka iy rcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, ls%hdlrlï i|yd iydh fidhñka" INFORSE cd,h" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk w;r m%dfhda.sl iy foaYmd,ksl

w;aoelSï yqjudre lr.ekSu i|yd myiqlï i,ihs' th úuOH.; m%fõYhka m%fhdackhg .kakd jQ ;sridr n,Yla;s úi÷ï ^mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s iy n,Yla;s ld¾hCu;dj& i|yd fr.=,dis ieliSu i|yd kS;s iïmdolhskag y~la k`.hs' 2 - DIB

DIB jkdyS fvkaud¾l rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhls' th foaY.=Kh yd oßø;djh

ms<sn| wNsfhda. iy ;sridr úi÷ï i|yd jk jHdmD;shls' ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nhs' DIBh 1988 jif¾§" ixj¾Okh fjñka

mj;skakd jQ rgj, ;sridr udkj ckdjdi m%j¾Okhg Wr ÿka .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amSka lKavdhula úiska wdrïN lrkq ,eîh' 3 - INFORSE- South Asia

INFORSE ol=Kq wdishdj jkdyS INFORSE l,dmSh

cd,hka yf;ka tlls' wvq ldnka" ;sridr ixj¾Okh i|yd jk l,dmSh kHdhm;%hg iydh olajk" bkaÈhdfõ"

nx.a,dfoaYfha" fkamd,fha iy YS% ,xldfõ rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk thg we;=<;a fõ' 4 - INSEDA

taldnoaO ;sridr n,Yla;s iy ffcj úoHd;aul ixj¾Ok ix.uh" ffcj úoHd;aul úi÷ï yd msú;=re ixj¾Okfhys kshe,s" ìï uÜgfï rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy mqoa.,hskaf.a cd,hls' th cd;sl NGOla f,i 1995§

,shdmÈxÑ lr we;' th Ôj jdhq jeks mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKh ms<sn|j bkaÈhdfõ .%dóh ck;dj yg" ls%hd;aul lsÍu yd Odß;d j¾Okh lsÍfï úi÷ï imhkq ,nhs' INFORSE úiska

oYl folla mqrd" wvq úhoï" È<skaoka i|ydu jQ wvq ldnka" jdhq úfudapkh wvq lsÍfï wd§ EVD ;dCIKhka ixj¾Okh lrñka isà'


69

5 – WAFD

zixj¾Okh i|yd ldka;djkaf.a ls%hdjkaZ 1978 isg ldka;djka flaJø lr.ksñka ls%hd lrhs' miq.sh 20 jir mqrdu WAFD mdßißl .eg`M ms<sn|j ls%hd;aulh' fuys§

foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi iy .%dóh ldka;djkag tys n,mEï ms<sn|j úfYaIfhkau ls%hd lrhs' th miq.sh 15 jir mqrdu" bkaÈhdfõ .ïudkj, yß; .ïudk ixl,amh ls%hd;aul lrñka isà' tfiau CIqø uQ,H fhdackd l%uhla ;=<ska k.rno ÿ.S ldka;djka 1500lg muK iqM Kh ,nd .ekSu i|yd m%fõYho i,ikq ,eîh' 6 – AIWC - INFORSE cd;sl flaJøia:dkh - bkaÈhdj

iuia: bka§h ldka;djkaf.a iuQMj (AIWC)" ,dN fkd,nk rdcH fkdjk

ixúêkhla f,i 1927 jif¾ ia:dms; jQjls' bkaÈhdfõ ldka;djka iún, .ekaùu i|yd ls%hd lrkq ,nk tys" uqM rg mqrd me;sÍ we;s YdLd 500l idudðlhska 150"000la isá;s' thg iQ¾h n,Yla;s úh<k iy iQ¾h n,Yla;s ,ka;Ereï ms<sn|j mqM,a w;aoelSï we;af;ah'

7 – IDEA - INFORSE cd;sl flaJøia:dkh - YS% ,xldj

taldnoaO ixj¾Ok ix.uh (IDEA) uykqjr k.rh uQ,ia:dkh lr.;a

,shdmÈxÑ l< ,dN fkd,nk" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhls' 1990 jif¾§ IDEA

ia:dms; lrkq ,enQfõ iajdNdúl iïm;a ixj¾Ok" l<ukdlrK iy ixrCIK fCIa;%fha ;sridr ixj¾Ok W;aidyhkag iyfhda.h oelaùu i|yd ls%hdldÍ N+ñldjla lsÍfï wruqK iys;jh' f.ù .sh jir .Kkdj mqrd" th .%dóh n,Yla;s ;dCIKhka iy mßirhg keUqre jQ jevigyka i|yd

;dCIKsl iydh ,nd .kakg W;aaidy l< ìï uÜgfï rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk .Kkdjlf.a úYajdih Èkd .ekSug iu;aj we;' 8 - CRT Nepal - INFORSE cd;sl flaJøia:dkh - fkamd,h

fkamd,fha .%dóh ;dCIK flaJøh (CRT /N)" .%ddóh ck;djf.a uQ,sl

wjYH;d imqrd,Su iy Ôúld jD;a;s jeäÈhqKq lsÍu idCId;a lr.ekSug M,odhs jk fhda.H .%dóh ;dCIKhka ixj¾Okh lsÍu iy m%j¾Okh lsÍfuys fh§ isák jD;a;Suh rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhls' fuu ixúOdkh" idïm%odhsl ;dCIKhkays ;;aFjh Wiia lsÍu fukau .%dóh wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd úúOdx.SlrKh jQ iy yqrenqyqá Ndú;h iys; kj

;dCIKhka ixj¾Okh lsÍfuyso ls%hdldÍj ksr;j isà'


70

9 - G RAMEEN SHAKTHI

mßirh /l .ekSug iy Ôjk ;;aFj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Kh myiqlï l%ufõohla iys;j .%dóh ck;dj w;r" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s ;dCIKhka m%j¾Okfhys 1996 jif¾ isg kshe,S isák wdh;khls" .%dóka Yla;s'

10 - ol=Kq wdishd foaY.=Ksl lghq;= cd,h (CANSA)

ol=Kq wdishd foaY.=Ksl lghq;= cd,h (CANSA) kshdul N+ñldjla isÿ

lrñka" l,dmh ;=< fukau l,dmfhka neyer foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi yd ixj¾Ok .eg`M yUd hñka" 140 blau jQ ol=Kq wdishd;sl isú,a iudc ixúOdk tla/iaù cd;sl" l,mSh iy cd;Hka;r foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi uKavmj,§ yuqù lÓldfjys fhÈh yels fõÈldjla i,ikafkah' CANSA

foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi" idudkd;au;djh iy ;sridr ixj¾Ok .eg`M f.da,Sh kHdhm;%hg fhduq lrñka ÿ.S rgj, iqnfi; msKsi lghq;= lrhs'

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foaY.=Ksl úi÷ula f,i yß; .ïudk ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jk ol=Kq wdishdfõ fhdackd · 2017-07-28 · rdcmCI uy;df.a jeäÈhqKq l< oaúFj ,sma iys; l¾udka; W÷k 5'4 fkamd,h 59 c,hg