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Foreign Cultures 81The Culture of
Everyday Life in China
Peter Bol, Michael Szonyi, Stephen Ford
When – Part 2
Multichronicity in Daily Life
Eight Trigrams Diviner in
Pujiang, 1998
1368• Was the 1st year of the Hongwu 洪武 (Overflowing Martiality) reign
period of the founding emperor of the Great Ming.
• The Hongwu reign period ended with the death of the emperor in 1398
• His successor took the reign period title of Jianwen 建文 (Establishing the Civil) in 1399. When he was usurped by his uncle in 1403, his reign period was erased. The new emperor named his reign period Eternal Joy 永樂。
But
• 1368 was also the 28th year of the Zhizheng 至正 (Perfect Correctness) reign period of Toghon Temur, the reigning emperor/grand khan of the Great Yuan.
February 16 2012• Is the 25th day of the 1st moon of the renchen 壬辰
year; a dragon year, the 12th day of Start of Spring ( 立春 lìchūn) (Four days from today Rain Water (yushui 雨水 ) begins.)
• the 5th day of the third week• Today is the dingwei 丁未 day• It is 10 days past the Lantern Festival (1/15)• Today the moon is in the lunar mansion “Encampment”
(shi 室 ) in the Black Tortoise division 玄武• Today is a Water 水 day • It is 6 o’clock• Don’t get your head shaved today, but do meet with
friends
Stems 天干 tiān gān
Branches 地支 dì zhī
1 甲 jiǎ 1 子 zǐ
2 乙 yǐ 2 丑 chǒu
3 丙 bǐng 3 寅 yín
4 丁 dīng 4 卯 mǎo
5 戊 wù 5 辰 chén
6 己 jǐ 6 巳 sì
7 庚 gēng 7 午 wǔ
8 辛 xīn 8 未 wèi
9 壬 rén 9 申 shēn
10 癸 guǐ 10 酉 yǒu
11 戌 xū
12 亥 hài
The sexagenary cycle
the Renchen 壬辰 year
the dingwei 丁未 day
Stems 天干 tiān gān Element Branches 地支 dì zhī Animal
1 甲 jiǎ Wood 1 子 zǐ Rat
2 乙 yǐ Wood 2 丑 chǒu Ox
3 丙 bǐng Fire 3 寅 yín Tiger
4 丁 dīng Fire 4 卯 mǎo Rabbit
5 戊 wù Earth 5 辰 chén Dragon
6 己 jǐ Earth 6 巳 sì Snake
7 庚 gēng Metal 7 午 wǔ Horse
8 辛 xīn Metal 8 未 wèi Goat
9 壬 rén Water 9 申 shēn Monkey
10 癸 guǐ Water 10 酉 yǒu Chicken
11 戌 xū Dog
12 亥 hài Pig
The sexagenary cycle
Why is this the year of the Dragon?
Why are months moons?How many moons in a year?
• Today is the 25th day of the 1st moon
• This month is a big month, it will have 30 days – next month will have 29
How to solve this problem?
Lunar year = 12 moons, 29 ½ days each. Thus 6 small months of 29 days and 6 big months of 30 (354) . some years 7 big (355) or small. (353).
Does the solar year matter?
• yes, of course, but why?• On what should it be based?
(the Gregorian Calendar cut off 10 days from Julian Calendar in 1582, it took another 200 years before all Europe adopted Jan 1 as the start of the year (rather than a religious event)
Religious calendars and saint days were practical calendars into the 19th c. for most.)
EclipticLongitude
Chinese Name
GregorianDate (approx.)
UsualTranslation
Remarks
315 立春
lìchūnFebruary 4
start of spring
spring starts here
330° 雨水
yǔshuǐFebruary 19 rain water
starting at this point, the temperature makes rain more likely than snow
345°
啓蟄 qǐ
zhé(驚蟄 jīngzhé)
March 5awakening of insects
when hibernating insects awake
Today is the the 12th day of Start of Spring ( 立春 lìchūn) Rain Water begins 4 days from today
Climactic periods (jieqi 節氣 )
• 24 periods of 15 days
• Starts with the Beginning of Spring (2/4)
• Ends with Big Cold (1/22)
• Anchored by spring and autumn equinoxes (fen 分 ), summer and winter solstices (至 )
Ecliptic
Lngt.Chinese Name
GregorianDate
(approx.)
UsualTranslation
Remarks
315 立春 lìchūn February 4 start of springspring starts here according to the Chinese definition of a season, see also Cross-quarter day
330° 雨水 yǔshuǐ February 19 rain water starting at this point, the temperature makes rain more likely than snow
345° 啓蟄 qǐzhé(驚蟄 jīngzhé) March 5awakening of insects
when hibernating insects awake
0° 春分 chūnfēn March 21 vernal equinoxlit. the central divide of spring (referring to the Chinese seasonal definition)
15° 清明 qīngmíng April 5 clear and bright a Chinese festival where, traditionally, ancestral graves are tended
30° 穀雨 gǔyǔ or gǔyù April 20 grain rains rain helps grain grow
45° 立夏 lìxià May 6 start of summer refers to the Chinese seasonal definition
60° 小滿 xiǎomǎn May 21 grain full grains are plump
75° 芒種
mángzhòng or mángzhǒng
June 6 grain in ear lit. awns (beard of grain) grow
90° 夏至 xiàzhì June 21 summer solstice lit. summer extreme (of sun's height)
105° 小暑 xiǎoshǔ July 7 minor heat when heat starts to get unbearable
120° 大暑 dàshǔ July 23 major heat the hottest time of the year
135° 立秋 lìqiū August 7 start of autumn uses the Chinese seasonal definition
150° 處暑 chùshǔ August 23 limit of heat lit. dwell in heat
165° 白露 báilù September 8
white dew condensed moisture makes dew white; a sign of autumn
180° 秋分 qiūfēn September 23
autumnal equinox
lit. central divide of autumn (refers to the Chinese seasonal definition)
195° 寒露 hánlù October 8 cold dew dew starts turning into frost
210° 霜降 shuāngjiàng October 23 descent of frost appearance of frost and descent of temperature
225° 立冬 lìdōng November 7
start of winter refers to the Chinese seasonal definition
240° 小雪 xiǎoxuě November 22
minor snow snow starts falling
255° 大雪 dàxuě December 7 major snow season of snowstorms in full swing
270° 冬至 dōngzhì December 22
winter solstice lit. winter extreme (of sun's height)
285° 小寒 xiǎohán January 6 minor cold cold starts to become unbearable
300° 大寒 dàhán January 20 major cold coldest time of year
Date English NameChinese Name
Remarks 2010
month 1day 1
New Year (Spring Festival)春節chūnjié
Family gathering and festivities for 3–15 days
Feb 14
month 1day 15
Lantern Festival元宵節yuánxiāojié
Tangyuan eatingand lanterns
Feb 28
Apr 4or 5[1] Qingming Festival (Clear and Bright)
清明節qīngmíngjié
Tomb sweeping Apr 5
month 5day 5
Dragon Boat Festival端午節duānwǔjié
Dragon boat racingand eating zongzi
Jun 16
month 7day 7
Night of Sevens七夕qīxī
For lovers, like Valentine's Day Aug 16
month 7day 15
Ghost Festival (Spirit Festival)中元節zhōngyuánjié
Offer tributes and respect to the deceased Aug 24
month 8day 15
Mid-Autumn Festival (Moon Festival)[1]
中秋節zhōngqiūjié
Family gathering and moon cake eating Sep 22
month 9day 9
Double-Ninth Festival (Double Yang)
重陽節chóngyángjié
Mountain climbingand flower shows
Oct 16
month 10day 15
Xiayuan Festival 下元節xiàyuánjié
Pray for a peaceful year to the Water God Nov 20
Dec 21 or 22
Winter Solstice Festival 冬至dōngzhì
Family gathering Dec 12
month 12day 23
Kitchen God Festival 謝灶xièzào
Worshipping the kitchen god with thanks Jan 30
[1] Qingming Festival on the 104th day after the winter solstice (or the 15th day from the Spring Equinox), usually occurring around April 5 of the Gregorian calendar
Today the moon is in the first lunar mansion, “Horn” (jiao角 )
four symbols (四象)
"Xiu" (宿)
name pinyin lit. translation vicinity in western sky
The Azure Dragon of the East (東方青龍)
角 Jiao Horn Spica
亢 Kang Neck Virgo
氐 Di Root Libra
房 Fang Room Libra
心 Xin Heart Antares
尾 Wei Tail Scorpius
箕 Ji Winnowing-basket
Sagittarius
The Black Tortoise (or Xuan Wu) of the North (北方玄武)
斗 Dou Dipper Sagittarius
牛 Niu Ox Capricornus
女 Nü Girl Aquarius
虛 Xu Emptiness Aquarius
危 Wei Rooftop Aquarius/Pegasus
室 Shi Encampment Pegasus
壁 Bi Wall Pegasus
The White Tiger of the West (西方白虎)
奎 Kui Legs Andromeda
婁 Lou Bond Aries
胃 Wei Stomach Aries
昴 Mao Hairy head Pleiades
畢 Bi Net Taurus
觜 Zi Turtle beak Orion
參 Shen Three stars Orion
The Vermillion Bird of the South (南方朱雀)
井 Jing Well Gemini
鬼 Gui Ghosts Cancer
柳 Liu Willow Hydra
星 Xing Star Alphard
張 Zhang Extended net Crater
翼 Yi Wings Corvus
軫 Zhen Chariot Corvus
PHASE wood fire earth metal water
SEASON spring summer midsummer fall winter
DIRECTION east south center west north
PLANET Jupiter Mars Saturn Venus Mercury
CROP wheat rice "grain" millet legumes
IMPLEMENT compass balance cord square plumb
EMBLEM bluegreen dragon
vermillion bird
yellow dragon
white tiger dark warrior
COLOR bluegreen vermillion yellow white black
Today is an Earth 土 day
Stems 天干 tiān gān Element Branches 地支 dì zhī Animal
1 甲 jiǎ Wood 1 子 zǐ Rat
2 乙 yǐ Wood 2 丑 chǒu Ox
3 丙 bǐng Fire 3 寅 yín Tiger
4 丁 dīng Fire 4 卯 mǎo Rabbit
5 戊 wù Earth 5 辰 chén Dragon
6 己 jǐ Earth 6 巳 sì Snake
7 庚 gēng Metal 7 午 wǔ Horse
8 辛 xīn Metal 8 未 wèi Goat
9 壬 rén Water 9 申 shēn Monkey
10 癸 guǐ Water 10 酉 yǒu Chicken
11 戌 xū Dog
12 亥 hài Pig
The sexagenary cycle
Why is today an earth day?
Chinese Hour Animal Chinese Name
Interval
1st Hour Rat Zi [11pm – 01 am[
2nd Hour Buffalo Chou [01 am – 03 am[
3rd Hour Tiger Yin [03 am – 05 am[
4th Hour Rabbit Mao [05 am – 07 am[
5th Hour Dragon Chen [07 am – 09 am[
6th Hour Snake Si巳 [09 am – 11 am[
7th Hour Horse Wu [11 am – 01 pm[
8th Hour Goat Wei [01 pm – 03 pm[
9th Hour Monkey Shen [03 pm – 05 pm[
10th Hour Rooster You [05 pm – 07 pm[
11th Hour Dog Xu [07 pm – 09 pm[
12th Hour Pig Hai [09 pm – 11 pm[
Heaven and Earth
Time
Fortune-TellingSun DayMoon Month Seasons
BaziPredictions differ based on calendar dayHours corresponding to 12 Earthly Branches
Following yo
ur fortu
nes
28 ConstellationsAuspicious & Inauspicious StarsEarthly & Heavenly BranchesEclipses recorded in almanacGeomancy (Feng-shui)
Peter Cai, 2008