Formaldehido Mexico

7/23/2019 Formaldehido Mexico

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NDICE DE CONTENIDO

PAGINA

RESUMEN.2

CAPITULO 1 :

INTRODUCCION. .3

CAPITULO 2:

ANALISIS DE LAS POSIBLES RUTAS DE OBTENCION ..5

CAPITULO 3:

LOCALIZACIN Y DISTRIBUCIN DE LA PLANTA...7

CAPITULO 4 :

BALANCE DE MATERIA Y POTENCIAL ECONMICO14

CAPITULO 5 :

DESCRIPCIN DE LAOBTENCIN DE FORMALDEHIDO.19

CAPITULO 6:DISEO DE E!UIPOS...26

CAPITULO ":

APENDICE A : HO#AS DE SE$URIDAD E IMPACTO AMBIENTAL....40

APENDICE B : COSTOS Y ESTUDIOS DE MERCADO.47

CONCLUSION....54


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RESUMEN

U%& '( )&* +,-%-+/)(* &0(-&* '( )/ -%'*,-/ 7-/ 7&'(,%/ &%*-*( (% /)/%8/, )/ 79-7/+,&'-;% / % 7%-7& &*&< +&, )& ( (* %((*/,-& 7-%-7-8/, )&* -(7+&* 7(,&*< ,('-, ()

&%*7& '( *(,--&* = 7/(,-/* +,-7/*. A'(79*< *( '(0(% '((/, )&* +,&0)(7/* >(%(,/'&* +&, )/7/)/ &+(,/-;% '() +,&(*& +/,/ &0(%(, () 7/=&, ,(%'-7-(%& '( +,&'&* = % 7%-7& '(*0+,&'&*. P&, /) 7&-&< (* %((*/,-& +,&?%'-8/, (% () (*'-& '() +,&(*& +/,/ '(?-%-, )&*+,&0)(7/* ,-&* ( )& /?(/% = +,&+&%(, *&)-&%(*.

E% () +,(*(%( +,&=(& *( (?(/,9 % /%9)-*-* &7+/,/-& '( )/ +,&'-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& / +/,-,'( 7(/%&) (7+)(/%'& '&* ,/*: )/ +,-7(,/ &% //)-8/'&,(* '( +)// = )/ *(>%'/ &% //)-8/'&,(*'( ;-'&* 7-&*. E) /%9)-*-* &7+,(%'( () (*'-& '( 7(,/'&< )&* &*&* '( 7/(,-/* +,-7/* )/*&%'--&%(* '( &+(,/-;%< () (-+& -)-8/'& = () -7+/& /70-(%/).

OBJETIVO

A%/)-8/, )/* ,/* '( &0(%-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& / +/,-, '( 7(/%&) &% //)-8/'&,(* '( +)//

= //)-8/'&,(* '( ;-'&* 7-&*.

C&%&(, )/* +,&+-('/'(* ( -7+/& /70-(%/) '( +,&'&* = *0+,&'&*. C&7+/,/, () +&(%-/) (&%;7-& '( /'/ ,/ 7('-/%( () 0/)/%( '( 7/(,-/. D((,7-%/, )/ ,/ &% 7/=&, -/0-)-'/'. R(/)-8/, )/ '(*,-+-;% = '-/>,/7/ '( +,&(*&.

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CAPITULO 1: INTRODUCCION.

FORMALDEIDO.

E) ?&,7/)'(@'&< HCHO< /70-% &%&-'& &7& ?&,7/)-%/< ?&,7&)< /)'(@'& ?;,7-&< 7(/%/)< (* ()

+,-7(, 7-(70,& '( )/* *(,-(* '( )&* /)'(@'&* /)-?9-&*< (* %& '( )&* 7-&* &,>9%-&* 79*-7+&,/%(* -)-8/'& @&= (% '/ (% %/ >,/% /%-'/' '( /--'/'(* = /+)-/-&%(*.

ANTECEDENTES.

E) ?&,7/)'(@-'& ?( +,(+/,/'& +&, +,-7(,/ (8 +&, () 7-& ,*& A.M. B)(,& (% 15< /%(B)(,& %& *+& ( @/0/ &0(%-'& () ?&,7/)'(@'&< * '(*,-+-;% '( )/* +,&+-('/'(* ?*-/* =7-/* '() &7+(*&< -%)=(%'& () /-*)/7-(%& '() +/,/?&,7/)'(@-'& = )/ *%(*-* '( )/

@(/7(-)(%&(,/7-%/ *&% -%''/0)(7(%( &0,/ *=/.

A.. H&??7/% *-%(-8; () ?&,7/)'(@'& '()-0(,/'/7(%( (% 16 +&, )/ ,(/-;% '() 7(/%&) = () /-,((% +,(*(%-/ '( % //)-8/'&, '( +)/-%& /) +&%(, (% &%/& %/ &,,-(%( '( /-,( /,>/'/ '( /)&@&)7()-& &% % (*+-,/) '( +)/-%& -%/%'(*(%(.

E% 16 L&(G -%(%; () 7&'& '( &0(%-;% &% //)-8/'&, '( &0,(< = (% 11 B)/% +/(%; ()+,&('-7-(%& '() //)-8/'&, '( +)//.

L/ +,&'-;% -%'*,-/) &7(%8; (% A)(7/%-/ (% 1 = (% )&* EUA (% 11. S-% (70/,>& )/

+,&'-;% *( @-8& *&)/7(%( (% (*/)/ )-7-/'/ /%(* ( /+/,(-(,/% )/* ,(*-%/* ?(%;)-/* &7(,-/)(*(% 11. D(*'( @/( /,-&* /J&* *( ?/0,-/% /%-'/'(* ,(-(%(* '( ?&,7/)'(@'& +&, )/ &-'/-;% '()>/* %/,/) = '( )&* @-',&/,0,&* /)-?9-&* -%?(,-&,(*.

APLICACIONES ! USOS DEL FORMALDEIDO.

L&* +,&(*&* '( +,&'-;% = 7/(,-/* +,-7/* +/,/ () F&,7/)'(@'& @/(% ( (*( *(/ % +,&'&-%(,7('-& '( >,/% /0%'/%-/< 0/& &*&< /)/ +,(8/ = /7+)-/ (,*/-)-'/' +/,/ *& (% 7@/*-%'*,-/* '( ,/%*?&,7/-;% 7-/< (%,( )/* /)(* +&'(7&* -/, )/* *->-(%(*:

F/0,-/-;% '( ,(*-%/* ?(%;)-/*< ,(*-%/* ,(/K?&,7/)'(@-'& = ,(*-%/* 7()/%-%/K?&,7/)'(@-'&



4/57

F/0,-/-;% '( ?(,-)-8/%(* '( %-,;>(%& '( )(%& '(*+,(%'-7-(%& '(*-%?(-;% '( *(7-))/*

/>,-),/.

L&* +,&'&* '() ?&,7/)'(@-'& -(%(% /)>%/* /+)-/-&%(* &7& //)-8/'&,(* = (% )/

+,(+/,/-;% '( 7/(,-/)(* //)-&*.

O/*-&%/)7(%( *( (%(%,/ /+)-/-;% (% )&* &*7-&* +/,/ +,((%-, )/ ((*-/

,/%*+-,/-;%.

U-)-8/'& (% )/ *%(*-* '( -%(*.

F/0,-/-;% '( (+)&*-&*.

E% )/ 7('--%/ *( */ +/,/ )/ '(*-%?(-;% = (*(,-)-8/-;% '( (-+& 7'-& = (% +,(+/,/-&%(*

'( +,(*(,/-;% '( (-'&*.

E% )/* -%'*,-/* 7(9)-/* *( )( (7+)(/ / ,/* '( ** +,&'&*< &7& -%@-0-'&, 9-'& =

/>(%( ,('&,< (% )/ ,(+(,/-;% '( &,& = +)// = +/,/ &+(,/-&%(* '( ()(,&+)/(/'&. E% ?&,7/)'(@-'& = )&* &7+(*&* ( )-0(,/% ?&,7/)'(@-'& (%(%,/% %/ /7+)-/ = /,-/'/

/+)-/-;% (% ?&&>,/?/.

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E% )/ -%'*,-/ /8/,(,/ *( */ &7& -%@-0-'&, '( ,(-7-(%& 0/(,-/%& (% )&* >&* '( /J/.

S( */ &7& 0-&-'/ = />(%( /-)-/, '( ,(?-%/'& (% )/ -%'*,-/ '() +(,;)(&.

L/ -%'*,-/ />,&)/ )& */ (% )/ +,(*(,/-;% '( >,/%&*< '(*-%?(-;% '() *()&< +,&(-;% '(

)/* ,/(* '( +)/%/* &%,/ -%?(-&%(* = &7& +,&(-;% '( +,&(%/ '-(/,-/ (% /)-7(%&*. E% )&* /)-7(%&* -(%( /+)-/-;% &7& +(,*(/%( '( /)-7(%&* *(&* = (% )/ +,(*(,/-;% '(

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E% )/ +(,?&,/-;% '( +&8&* +(,&)(,&* *( */ &7& (@)& (% +,&(*&* '( '(+&*--;% &%

/+&,.

L/ -%'*,-/ '() (,& */ () F&,7/)'(@'& (% () +,&(*& '( ,--;%.

E) ?&,7/)'(@-'& / (7+(,/,/ /70-(%( (* % >/* -%&)&,& ( (% +,(*(%-/ '( -%)*& +((J/*

-7+,(8/* *( +&)-7(,-8/ ,9+-'/7(%(. H/= ,(* ?&,7/* &7(,-/)(* '( +,(*(%/-;%:

1. E% *&)-;% /&*/ /) 33K55.



5/57

POSIBLES

RUTAS

PROCESO

CONCATALIZADOR

DE PLATA.

PROCESO

CON

CATALIZADOR

DE OIDOS

METALICOS.

2. E% ?&,7/ ,7(,/ )-/< ,-&/%&< ( *( &0-(%( +&,,/%*?&,7/-;% //)-/ +&, 9-'&* '( ?&,7/)'(@-'&.

3. E% ?&,7/ '( +&)7(,& '() ?&,7/)'(@-'&< &%&-'&&7& +/,/?&,7/)'(@-'&.

CAPITULO 2: ANALISIS DE LAS POSIBLES RUTAS DE OBTENCION.

PROCESOS DE OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO

E*( /+)& &,,(*+&%'( / )/ '(*,-+-;% >(%(,/) '() +,&(*& '( &0(%-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& / +/,-, '(7(/%&) *( ,(/)-8/ +&, '&* +,-%-+-&* '( ,(/-;%< =/* +,-%-+/)(* '-?(,(%-/* *&%:

1. DESHIDRO$ENACION U OIDESIDRO$ENACION EN PRESENCIA DE

CATALIZADORES DE PLATA A> Y COBRE C.

E*( +,&(*& *( ,(?-(,( /) //)-8/'&, '( +)// &7& ,-*/)(* & ,('(* 7(9)-/*< '-*,-0-'/*&,'(%/'/7(%( (% () ,(/&, (% %/ /+/ '( +&&* (%7(,&*.

E% () +/*& -%--/) '( '(*@-',&>(%/-;% )/ ,(/-;% (*:

CH3

OHHCHO+H2



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VENTAJAS

T,/0/1/ / +,(*-;% /7&*?B,-/. L/ /'--;% '( />/ (* 0(%B?-/

+/,/ () +,&(*&.

DESVENTAJAS

R(-(,( (:(*& '( M(/%&) (%7(8)/ /-,(K7(/%&).

S0+,&'&* ;:-&* ACO/ -(%( /,-&* (?(&*< ()(/ )/ &%(,*-;% '() 7(/%&)-;% = (+)-/%'& )/* -%'*,-/* (,/%/* +,&(('&,/* '( 7/(,-/* +,-7/* ='(*-%//,-/* '( )&* +,&'&*.

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

VENTAJAS DE LA "ONA SELECCIONADA.

L/* &7%-/-&%(* (% )/ 8&%/ '( !(,/,& *&% 7= 0(%/*< (-*-(%'& /,-/* /&+-*/* = /,,((,/*( &%(/% &% +%&* )/( '( )/ >(&>,/?/. T&'/ (*/ ,(' '( /,,((,/* +(,7-( ( () ,/%*+&,( '()/* 7/(,-/* +,-7/*< (-+&*< +,&'&*< (. *(/ 7= *(%-))& = ( ?9-)7(%( )&* /7-&%(* +('/%))(>/, / )/ +)/%/ *-% &7+)-/-&%(*.

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%((*/,-& *( +('/ -%(%/, )/ &7(,-/)-8/-;% '() +,&'& =/ %& *&)& (% '-@/ 8&%/< *-%& (% &,&**--&* '( M-&.

E) (,,(%& '() ( '-*+&%( )/ +)/%/ / * /),('('&, (* ((%*&< )& ( +&*-0-)-/ (< /%( %((*-'/'(*'( )/ +)/%/< *( +('/% ,(/)-8/, /7+)-/-&%(* '( (*/ (% (,,(%&* /%(&* 7('-/%( * &7+,/ +,(-/.A'(79*< &7& () ?&,7/)'(@-'& %& *( *()( */, &7& /)< *-%& ( )/ 7/=&, +/,( *( &%-(,( (%,(*-%/*< (-*( )/ +&*-0-)-'/' '( )/ -%*/)/-;% '( %/ +)/%/ '( ()/0&,/-;% '( ,(*-%/* '( ?&,7/)'(@-'&( *( 0-( /%(/ / )/ +)/%/ (% (*'-&.

E) )-7/ -7+(,/%( (% )/ 8&%/ (* 0/*/%( 0(%&)&< '(%&7-%9%'&*( / (*( /70-(%( )-7/7('-(,,9%(&. E*( )-7/ (*9 /,/(,-8/'& +&, -%-(,%&* */(* = (,/%&* /),&*&*< +,(-+-/-&%(*

%& 7= ()(/'/* = )/* &,,-(%(* '( -(%& %& *&% 7= ?(,(*. P&, ())&< %& (-*(% >,/%'(*-%&%(%-(%(* )-79-&* (% )/ 0-/-;% '( )/ +)/%/.

E% &'/ )/ 8&%/ (-*(% 7)-+)(* -%'*,-/*< *-9%'&*( 7@/* +)/%/* 7-/* '( '-?(,(%( %'&)(.E* %/ &7/,/ 7= -%'*,-/)-8/'/< )& ( &%))(/ %/ *(,-( '( (%//* &7& *&% )/ &)/0&,/-;%(%,( +)/%/* (% 7/(,-/ '( *(>,-'/'< )/ 7(%&, '-*/%-/ '( ,/%*+&,( (%,( +)/%/* +/,/ (%-/, &,(&>(, 7(,/%/*< (.



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O,/ (%// (* ( (% )/ 8&%/ (-*(% /,-/* (7+,(*/* ( *( (%/,>/% '( )/ >(*-;% '( )&* ,(*-'&*&/%-8/'/ %;(*( ( (% )/ 8&%/< &%,(/7(%( (%T)/ H-'/)>&< (-*( %/ R(?-%(,/< >/*(&'&*< &)(&'&*< (. T&'& ())& ?/-)-/ (%&,7(7(%( (),/%*+&,( '( />/< ()(,--'/' = 7/(,-/* +,-7/* / )/ +)/%/.

CARA CTER$STICAS DE LA "ONA.

E% () +,(*(%( /+/,/'& *( (+&%',9%< '( 7/%(,/ &%-*/< )/* /,/(,*-/* 79* -7+&,/%(* '( )/,(>-;%.

T(7+(,/,/: )/ (7+(,/,/ 7('-/ (% )/ 8&%/ (* '( 1.5C< )/ /) (* -';%(/ +/,/ )/ /--'/'-%'*,-/). E-*(% 7@/* @&,/* '( *&) /) '/< )& ( +&*-0-)-/ )/ -%*/)/-;% '( +)//* *&)/,(*+/,/ /&/0/*((, / )/ +)/%/.

P,(-+-/-&%(*: )/* +,(-+-/-&%(* (% )/ ,(>-;% %& *&% ()(/'/*. E) /)&, 7('-& *&% "5.

7-)7(,&* I%*-& N/-&%/) '( E*/'*-/.

Q-(%&*: L/ ()&-'/' 79-7/ /)/%8/'/ +&, () -(%& (% )/ ,(>-;% (* '( 7@< +(,& %& *()(*+(,/, @/0-/)7(%( ()&-'/'(* 7/=&,(* / 4 7@.

S()&: () -+& '( *()& '( )/ ,(>-;% (* () &,,(*+&%'-(%( / 8&%/ '( !(,/,&< () /) *(/,/(,-8/ +&, %/ ?&,7/-;% '( /,-))/* = 7/,>/* ?-%/*. S&% *()&* +,&?%'&*< (*,,/&7+// (% () +(,?-) +(,& -,,(>)/, (% * *+(,?--(< /*- -7+(,7(/0)( +(,7-( +&& ()',(%/(< /)-8&* '( +H /)/)-%& = &% % &%(%-'& '( 7/(,-/ &,>9%-/ 0/*/%( /(+/0)(.

E7+,(*/* '( )&* /),('('&,(*: (-*(% 7)-' '( +)/%/* 7-/* (% )&* /),('('&,(* +(,& '(

)/* 79* -7+&,/%(* +/,/ )/ +)/%/ (* )/ R(?-%(,/.

E)(,--'/': )/ ()(,--'/' (*9 >/,/%-8/'/ +&, (*/, -%*/)/'/ (% )/ 8&%/ (%,/).

A>/: () />/ (*9 >/,/%-8/'/ +&, )/ ,(' '( 0(,/* '( )/ 8&%/ -%'*,-/) /70-% +&,+,&*+(-&%(* '( +&8&* +/,/ *//, />/ (% /*& '( %((*-'/'. A) />/ '( /)-7(%/-;% *( )(,(/)-8/,/% )&* ,//7-(%&* +(,-%(%(* +/,/ +&'(, &+(,/, &% ())/.

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D(+;*-&

C/,>/ = '(*/,>/

P/,( 1 P/,( 2

O%&'&()*+,(,-),*

E)/0&,/'&: M/(*,/ I%>. P,&(*&* UAM

S/)/ '( &%,&)

,(/ '( 7/%(%-7-(%&

E*/-&%/7-(%&

L%(/* '( ,/%*+&,(: )/ 8&%/ (*9 7= 0-(% &7%-/'/ +&, )/* /,,((,/* )-0,(* = '( +(/((,/ '( )/ 8&%/< /'(79* ( *( (%(%,/ (% )/ 8&%/ (%,& '() +/*.

$/* N/,/): () >/* %/,/) %((*/,-& (% )/ +)/%/ *( &0(%',9 '( % >/*(&'& ( *( (%(%,/(,/%& / )/ +)/%/. E) +,(-& '() >/* %/,/) '(+(%'( '() &%*7& '( (*(.

DISTRIBUCI#N DE LA PLANTA

A &%-%/-;% *( +,(*(%/ () (*(7/ 09*-& '( )/ '-*,-0-;% '( )/ +)/%/ = +&*(,-&, / )/ ?->,/ *('(*,-0(% /'/ %/ '( )/* 9,(/* %;(*( ( %& (* % +)/%&< (* % (*(7/ '( ;7& *( (%(%,/ )/+)/%/ '-*,-0-'/< *-% '-*/%-/*< %- (*/)/*.

L/* -%*/)/-&%(* &% )/* ( (%/ )/ +)/%/ *&%:

D(*,-+-;% '( +)/%&:

E/&%&'&* +,(,-),* %&'&()*:E% (*&* ('-?--&* *( (%(%,/% )/* &?--%/*< )/* 9,(/* &7%(*/?((,/< ,((+-;%< (. = )&* )/0&,/&,-&*. E%,( )/* &?--%/* (*/,9% )/* '( '-,(-;%< >(,(%-/= &%/0-)-'/'< 7('-& /70-(%(< *(>,-'/'< '-*(J&< (.

S)) /, '(-: T&'& +,&(*& %((*-/ *(, 7&%-&,(/'& = &%,&)/'& +/,/ /*(>,/, %/&+(,/-;% (?--(%(< -%,(7(%/, )/ &%?-/0-)-'/' = *(>,-'/'.

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-,) /, )(,(&&,(: E* () 9,(/ '&%'( *( (%(%,/% )/* &?--%/* '( 7/%(%-7-(%&?&,7/'& +&, /)7/% '( &7+&%(%(* +/,/ ,(+/,/-&%(*< +/,/ 7-->/, )/ &0*&)(*(%-/)&>*-/< /70-% (-+&* +/,/ ,(/)-8/, /%9)-*-* '( 7/%(%-7-(%& +,((%-&< &,,(-& =+,('--&.

A)'(: E* () 9,(/ (%/,>/'/ '( /)7/(%/, >,/%'(* (-+&* & 7/(,-/) ( +,&-(%( '() 9,(/'( /,>/ = '(*/,>/. A*< )/* >,/%'(* +-(8/* '( ,(+/,/-;%< )&* (-+&* %(&* = )&*//)-8/'&,(* +,(+/,/'&* +/,/ * -%*(,-;% (% )&* ,(/&,(* *( /)7/(%/,/% / +,(-/7(%( /* &)&/-;%.

-,) /, ')-+) /,*')-+): E* )/ 8&%/ '( ,9%*-& '( /7-&%(*< (*/ 9,(/ '(0( (*/, (,/ '( )/*8&%/* '&%'( *( (%(%,/% )&* +,&'&* 8&%/ '( '(+;*-&* = )/ 8&%/ '&%'( *( '(*/,>/% )/*&7+,/* ,(/)-8/'/* /)7/%.

"() F: E* )/ 8&%/ '&%'( *( ))(/ / /0& () +,&(*& '( +,&'-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& / +/,-, '(7(/%&).

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-7+)-/-&%(* '( 7/%(& '( 7/(,-/ +,-7/ +()->,&*/.

M),-&)* -&)*

A*(>,/, () /0/*(-7-(%& '( )/* 7/(,-/* +,-7/* / % +,(-& /(*-0)( (* -%'-*+(%*/0)( +/,/&%,-0-, &% () ;+-7& 7+)-7-(%& '( 7(/* '( +,&'-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'&.

L/* 7/(,-/* +,-7/* *&% 7(/%&)< /-,( /7&*?,-&< />/ = () //)-8/'&, '() ,(/&,.

M,)(.

L/ &,,-(%( '( 7(/%&) '( /)-7(%/-;% &%(%',9 % (% +(*& '() 7-*7& = () 2 ,(*/%( *(,9@-',&>(%& '-*()& (% (*(. S( ,(-0-,9 (*( 7(/%&) (% ?/*( )--'/ / (7+(,/,/ '( 2 V 25C.

E) 7(/%&)< /70-% ))/7/'& /)&@&) 7()-&< /)&@&) '( 7/'(,/< /,0-%&) = /)&@&) '( (7/,< (* ()+,-7(,& '( )&* /)&@&)(*.

L/ ?;,7)/ 7-/ '() 7(/%&) (* )/ *->-(%(:

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[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 1"


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E% &%'--&%(* %&,7/)(* (* % )-'& -%&)&,&< '( (*/*/ -*&*-'/' = '( &)&, = */0&, ?,/)+(%(,/%(< 7-*-0)( (% />/ = &% )/ 7/=&,/ '( )&* *&)(%(* &,>9%-&*< 7= ;-& ( -%?)/7/0)(. E)&)&, (* '((/0)( / +/,-, '( )&* 2 ++7.

E* -%?)/7/0)(< -%&)&,& = *( *()( */, (% 7)-+)(* /+)-/-&%(*: '(*'( ,(/-& +/,/ )/ &0(%-;% '(&,&* &7+(*&* &7& (* () /*& / /+)-/-&%(* &7& '-*&)(%( & 79* ,(-(%(7(%( &7&&70*-0)( () 0-&7(/%&).

S( +('( &0(%(, +&, /,-&* +,&(*&*< '(*'( +&, 7&'&* +,/7(%( 7-&*< @/*/ &0(%(,)&7('-/%( +,&(*&* 0-&);>-&* & 0-&7-&*. L/* +,&+-('/'(* 79* -7+&,/%(* '( (*( &7+(*& *(

'(/))/% / &%-%/-;%:

T(7+(,/,/ (0))--;% V 33T(7+(,/,/ '( ?*-;% V 1"6

T(7+(,/,/ ,--/ V 512.64P(*& 7&)()/, >7&) 32P,(*-;% ,--/ P/ .14W16

C/)&, )/(%( '( /+&,-8/-;% #7&) 352D(%*-'/' / 25 C >73 "P%& '( -%?)/7/-;% V 2T(7+(,/,/ /& ->%--;% V 65

A +/,-, '( )&* +%&* '( (0))--;% = '( ?*-;% *( '('( ( () 7(/%&) (* % )-'& &)9-) /(7+(,/,/ = +,(*-;% /7&*?,-/.

P/,/ ?-%/)-8/, &% )/* +,&+-('/'(* = /,/(,*-/* +&'(7&* '(-, ( () 7(/%&) (* % &7+(*&&,>9%-& 7= -7+&,/%( =/ ( () >,+& @-',&-)& *( &%-(,( &% ?/-)-'/' (% /)-(, &,& >,+&?%-&%/). A* () 7(/%&) *( &-'/ +/,/ &0(%(, ?&,7/)'(@'& ?&,7&) = 9-'& ?;,7-& 7-(%,/* (+&, * ,('-;% &0(%(7&* 7(/%&. I>/)7(%( -7+&,/%(* *&% )/* ,(/-&%(* '( (, =(*(,-?-/-;%1.

1



13/57

C))&8)/-:

C//)-8/'&, &%*-*(%( (% +/,)/* (*?,-/* '( 3 77 '( '-97(,& =& +,-%-+-& /-& (* ()F(2M&O43 & 7&)-0'/& '( @-(,,& III.E* % *;)-'& 0)/%&K(,'&*& &% )/* *->-(%(* /,/(,*-/*:

C&%?->,/-;% E*?,-/D-97(,& '( +/,)/ 77 3D(%*-'/' '( +/,)/ >73 1666.6"

M),-&) /, )*&)&,(:

E* %((*/,-& +/,/ () /-*)/7-(%& '( )&* (-+&* ( &+(,/% / (7+(,/,/* ()(/'/* = +/,/ )/* 0(,/*( ,/%*+&,/% ?)-'&* / (7+(,/,/ /)/ % 7/(,-/) '( /-*)/7-(%& +/,/ () ,(0,-7-(%& '( )/

*+(,?--( ((,-&,.

A*-7-*7&< ,(+,(*(%/ %/ +,&(-;% +/,/ () +(,*&%/) ( +'-(,/ (*/, (% &%/& /-'(%/)7(%(&% )/* *+(,?--(* /)-(%(*< /70-% )/* +,'-'/* '( /)&, /) ((,-&, '-*7-%=(% ,('-%'&*( /* )/*+,'-'/* (&%;7-/* &/*-&%/'/* +&, ())&.

E* '(-,< % /-*)/7-(%& ,7-& ,(+,(*(%/ %/ -%(,*-;% ( *( (,9 ,(+(,/'/ (% % -(7+&,()/-/7(%( &,&< &% () /@&,,& '( (%(,>-&* ( *( &0(%',9< = &% )/ 7(&, (?--(%-/ =?%-&%/7-(%& '( )&* (-+&* = 7/-%/,-/< )& ( &%'( / %/ 7/=&, +,&'--'/'.

A )/ @&,/ '( *()(-&%/, )&* 7/(,-/)(* /-*)/%(* +/,/ *(, */'&* / /)/* (7+(,/,/* '( *(,--&

'(0(7&* (%(, (% (%/ )&* *->-(%(* ?/&,(*:

C&%,&) '( )/ (7+(,/,/ '( +,&(*& CTP:E) (*+(*&, = -+& '( (,7&/-*)/%( '(0(,9 +,(*(,/, )/* &%'--&%(* '( &+(,/-;% '(%,&'( )&* )7-(* '( '-*(J&.

C&%*(,/-;% '( (%(,>/ CE: E) (*+(*&, = () (,7&/-*)/%( *()(-&%/'& ,(+,(*(%/,9() 0/)/%( ;+-7& (%,( )/ -%(,*-;% %((*/,-/ +/,/ )/ /'-*--;% ( -%*/)/-;% '()*-*(7/ (,7&/-*)/%( = () /0/-7-(%& (% )&* &*&* '( &+(,/-;%< = *(,9 () *?--(%(+/,/ 7-%-7-8/, )/* +,'-'/* '( (%(,>/ +&, '-*-+/-;% /) /70-(%(.

P,&(-;% /) +(,*&%/) PP: $/,/%-8/, ( )/ *+(,?--( ((,%/ '( )/ 0(,/< (-+& &,(-+-(%(< %/ (7+(,/,/ 7(%&, '( 6C.

O,&* ?/&,(* ( *( &7/% (% (%/ *&%:

C/+/-'/' '( *&+&,/, /,>/* = -0,/-&%(* C/70-& (% () (*+(*&, ,/* () /)(%/7-(%& = )/ /,>/ F(%;7(%& '( (&(,7--'/': E)(/-;% '( (7+(,/,/ ((*-/ (% () -%(,-&, '( %

7/(,-/) /-*)/%(. E*,,/* '( *&+&,( '() /-*)/7-(%&



14/57

E*,,/* '( *&+&,( '() ,((*-7-(%&

S( @/ (*&>-'& &7& 7/(,-/) '( /-*)/7-(%& )/%/ '( ,&/ +&,( (* % +,&'& ( (*9(*+(-/)7(%( -%'-/'& +/,/ /-*)/7-(%&* ,7-&* (% )/ -%'*,-/ /)/* (7+(,/,/*. D-@& 7/(,-/)(,&* (< +&, * +()-/, &%?->,/-;%< &?,((%()(/'&* %-()(* '( +,&(-;% ?,(%( /) /)&,< () ,-'& = () ?(>&. E*9% ,(&%&-'/* -%(,%/-&%/)7(%(&7& /-*)/%(* /*-&*< +&, * (*,,/ ?)(-0)(< = ,7-&*< +&, () (%,()/8/'& ( 7/%-(%( () /-,(-%7;-)< *-(%'&< /'(79*< -%&70*-0)(*< '/'& * &,->(% -%&,>9%-&.

L&* +,&'&* R&G&&) X)/%/ '( ,&/ +('(% *(, -)-8/'&* +/,/ /-*)/, *+(,?--(* /)-(%(* '( @/*/"5C< '(+(%'-(%'& '() (*+(*&, '() /-*)/7-(%&< /,>/ 7(9%-/ = %-()(* '( -0,/-;%.

Rockwool aplicado en los procesos qumicos

U%/ (8 (*/0)(-'/ )/ 79-7/ ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&, +(,7-*-0)(< '( /(,'& / )/ *+(,?--( +&, /-*)/, =)/ (7+(,/,/ 79-7/ '( &+(,/-;%< *( +&',9 /))/, () (*+(*&, ,((,-'& +/,/ () 7/(,-/) '(/-*)/7-(%& *()(-&%/'&.

CAPITULO 4: BALANCE DE MATERIA ! POTENCIAL ECON#MICO.

REACCIONES UIMICAS

OBTENCION DE FORMALDEIDO CON CATALI"ADOR DE IERRO ! TRIOIDO DEMOLIBDENO.



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R(/-&%(* 7-/* ( *( ))(/% / /0& (% () )(@& //)-& ?-& '() ,(/&,

1 CH3KOH [ O2 \ CH2O H2O2 CH2O [ O2 \ CO H2O3 2 CH3KOH \ CH3 K O K CH3 H2O4 CH2O [ O2 \ CHO ] OH

5 CH2O O2 \ CO2 H2OR,(/&&,(* /, )* -,)''&(,*:D() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& () 2 ,(/-&%/ +,&'-(%'& ?&,7/)'(@'& ,(/-;% 1E) 3." '() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& *( *&0,(K&-'/ +/,/ ?&,7/, 7&%;-'& '( /,0&%& ,(/-&%2.E) 1.5 '() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& ,(/-&%/ +/,/ +,&'-, '-7(-)((, ,(/-;% 3.E) .2 '() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& +/*/ / *(, 9-'& ?;,7-& ,(/-;% 4.E) .3 '() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& *( &%-(,( / 0-;-'& '( /,0&%& ,(/-;% 5.E) ,(*& '() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& 2.3 %& ,(/-&%/.

1


16/57

% &%(,-'/* 16 16 16

Para la reaccin 3

1.5 % C3O )& ; % '&/ _ .2? 431.3kmol

hr _ .6kmol

hr

CH2O [ O2 \ CHO ] OH

% &%(,-'/* .6 .43 .6

Para la reaccin 5

.3 % C3O )& ; %CO2

P&, )& /%&:

% )'&/ _ .3? 431.3kmol

hr _ 1.3kmol

hr



17/57

CH2O O2 \ CO2 H2O

% &%(,-'/* 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

ENTRADA


18/57

1


19/57

CH2O O2 \ CO2 H2O

% &%(,-'/* 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

ENTRADA


20/57

DESCRIPCION DEL PROCESO ELE$IDO

GENERALIDADES

E) +,&(*& -(%( +&, &0(-&< )/ &0(%-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& +&, &-'/-;% '-,(/ '() 7(/%&),9%)&* '( ;-'& '( ?-(,,&K7&)-0'(%& +,(K/-/'&.

P/,/ ?-%(* '( (*'-& '--'-,(7&* () +,&(*& (% ,(* *(-&%(*:

S(-;% 1: REACCION

S(-;% 2: ENFRIAMIENTO DE REACTOR

S(-;% 3: RECUPERACION

SECCION 100: REACCION

C&%*-*( (% *7-%-*,/, 7(/%&) )-'& '(*'( % /%( '( /)7/(%/7-(%& = 7(8)/,)& &% () ?)&'( /-,( +,&(%-(%( '( % *&+)/'&, / %/ ,()/-;% 7&)/, +&, '(0/& '( )7-( -%?(,-&, '( (+)&*--'/'(%( '( +,(/)(%/7-(%& '( )/7(8)/ 7(/%&)K/-,( @/*/ )/ (7+(,/,/ '( ,(/-;% (% )/ *(-;% '( )&* 0&* %& (7+//'/ '(//)-8/'&,.

SECCI#N 300: RECUPERACION

L&* >/*(* ( */)(% '() &%(,-'&, *&% (%?,-/'&* (% % /70-/'&, '( /)&, '( /) ?&,7/ ( %& *())(>( / )/ (7+(,/,/ )/ &%'(%*/-;% = /* (%,/, / )/ &,,( '( /0*&,-;% (% '&%'( () ?&,7/)'(@-'&>/*(&*& (* /0*&,0-'& (% />/ +/,/ +,&'-, %/ *&)-;% &%(%,/'/. D(0-'& / (*/ &+(,/-;%< *('(*+,(%'( %/ >,/% /%-'/' '( /)&,< () /) (* (,/'& 7('-/%( />/ '( (%?,-/7-(%&.

L/ *&)-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& *( *// '( )/ &,,( / %/ &%(%,/-;% '( @/*/ 3" +(*& = 6C.

[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 1!


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A &%-%/-;% *( '(*,-0( )/ &+(,/-;% '( )&* (-+&* +,-%-+/)(*:

TK21 T/%( '( /)7/(%/7-(%& '( 7(/%&).

S( ,// '( % ,(-+-(%( -)%',-& (,-/)< -+& /7&*?,-& = &%*,-'& (% /(,& /) /,0;%.

$K22 B&70/ '( 7(/%&).

E*/ 0&70/ (* '( -7+&,/%-/< =/ ( '(0( '/, %/ +,(*-;% '( '(*/,>/ /) ( *(/ *?--(%( +/,/,/%*?(,-, () 7(/%&) '(*'( () /%( '( 7(/%&) 11KT< @/*/ () /+&,-8/'&, '( 7(/%&) 14KQ.

SK13 S&+)/'&, '( /-,(.

E) *&+)/'&, '( /-,( *( ,(-(,( +/,/ ?&,8/, )/ 7(8)/ 7(/%&)K/-,( / ,/* '() (-+& '( +,&(*&. E)/-,( ( *7-%-*,/ &%-(%( () &>(%& %((*/,-& &7& 7/(,-/ +,-7/ +/,/ )/ ?/0,-/-;% '()?&,7/)'(@-'&. L/ +,(*-;% ( '(*/,,&))/ (* %((*/,-/ +/,/ ?&,8/, )&* >/*(* +&, )/ /7/ //)-/ = )/&,,( '( /0*&,-;%< ( +,&&/% )/ 7/=&, /'/ '( +,(*-;%.

E) /-,( +&, () *&+)/'&, (* 7('-'& +&, % '-*& '( &,-?--& )&/)-8/'& '()/%( '( )/* 9))/* '('(*?&>(. L/ /'/ '( +,(*-;% /*/'/ +&, () '-*& '( &,-?-& *( ,/%*7-( /) /,& '( &%,&) (% '&%'(*( ,(>-*,/ / ?)& '( /-,(.

ICK12 Q/+&,-8/'&, '( 7(/%&).

E*( (-+& *( %((*-/ +/,/ /+&,-8/, () 7(/%&) / ?-% '( ( +('/ ?)-, /) &%(,-'&, (% (*/'&>/*(&*&. L/ 7(8)/ 7(/%&)K/-,( *( ?&,7/ (*+,(/%'& () 7(/%&) )-'& (% )/ &,,-(%( '( /-,( (% ()/0(8/) '( (%,/'/ '( (*( (-+& = )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ %& *(,9 (+)&*-/< =/ ( )/ &%(%,/-;% '()7(/%&) (*/,9 +&, '(0/& '() )7-( '( (+)&*--'/'.

E) /+&,-8/'&, (* % /70-/'&, '( /)&, '( 0&* = (%&)(%( +/,/ (?(/, )/ &+(,/-;%< *( */ /+&,'( 0// +,(*-;% '( 7/%(,/ ( )/ 7(8)/ 7(/%&)K/-,( */)( '( (*( / %/ (7+(,/,/ '( 26 / 3 C.

RK15 R(/&, & &%(,-'&,.

E) ,(/&, &%-(%( )&* 0&* '&%'( (*9 () //)-8/'&, &% () /) -(%( )>/, )/ ,(/-;%. L&* 0&* *&%'( /(,& C/,+(%(, 2M&K6.

B/J/%'& () ((,-&, '( )&* 0&* (*9 )/ */) ?%'-'/ )/ /) *-,( &7& 7('-& '( +,(/)(%/7-(%&< / )/(8 ( '( (%?,-/7-(%&. E,/( () /)&, '(*+,(%'-'& '( ,(/-;% = +,(/)-(%/ )/ 7(8)/ 7(/%&)K/-,(

@/*/ )/ (7+(,/,/ '( ,(/-;%.

E) &%(,-'&, (*9 +,&(>-'& '( )/* (+)&*-&%(*< /) ->/) ( () /+&,-8/'&,< +&, '-*&* '( ,+,/7&%/'&* (% 0,-'/* = '-*(J/'&* +/,/ -/,*( ?9-)7(%( ',/%( )&* /70-&* '( //)-8/'&, = )-7+-(8/.

EK31 E%?,-/'&, '( F&,7&).

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

P-',* /, O,('&( /, %-)/,&/



24/57

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

D-@& -%(,/70-/'&, (*/,9 ?&,7/'& +&, 0&* '( /(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6 +&, '-@&* 0&* +/*/,/ )/&,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, = /,/*/ ?/0,-/'/ &% /(,& -%&-'/0)( SAK24 +&, ())/ -,)/,/ )/7(8)/ '( /-,( = 7(/%&). P&*(,-&,7(%(< )/ 7(8)/ '( /-,( = 7(/%&) +/*/,/ +&, &,& -%(,/70-/'&,'( /)&,< () ICK12< +/,/ /*/, )/ (7+(,/,/ @/*/ )&* 5" V. P/,/ ( '-@/ &,,-(%( /)/%( (*/(7+(,/,/ *( */,9 &7& ?)-'& /)-(%( /+&, '( *(,--&*.

D(*+* '( */)-, )/ &,,-(%( '() -%(,/70-/'&, ICK12< *(,9 -7+)*/'/ +&, () (%-)/'&, SK13 @/-/ )/(%,/'/ '() ,(/&, RK15.

L/ &,,-(%( '( 7(8)/ '( 7(/%&) = /-,( / 5" V *(,9 /)-7(%/'/ /) ,(/&, +&, )/ +/,( *+(,-&,< = )/&,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '( (*( *( (//,9 +&, )/ +/,( -%?(,-&,. L/ &%(,*-;% '() 7(/%&) (% () ,(/&, (*

'() < &+(,/%'& () ,(/&, (% &%'--&%(* -*&,7-/*. D(0-'& / ( )/ ,(/-;% (* (&,7-/< *(,(?,->(,/,/ () ,(/&, 7)-0)/, (%@/(/'& 7('-/%( />/ '( )/ 7-*7/ +)/%/< &% '-(,*&*,//7-(%&* +/,/ (-/, -%,*/-&%(*< +/,/ ( )/ &+(,/-;% '() ,(/&, *(/ -*&,7-/. E*/ />/ (%,// 2 V = /0/%'&%/ )/ /,/*/ '() ,(/&, / 363 V.

L/ +,(*-;% '( ,/0/& '() ,(/&, (* '( 1.25 /7< +&, )& ( *( */,9 %/ 9))/ '( /)--& PSQ '(0-'&

/ )/* &%'--&%(* '( +,(*-;%. L/ /,/*/ '() ,(/&, *( &%*,-,9 '( /(,& -%&-'/0)( SAK24 +&, )//,/*/ -,/ () />/ '( ,(?,->(,/-;% = )&* 0&* (*/,9% ?/0,-/'&* '( /(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6 (% )&*0&* (*/,9 &)&/'& () //)-8/'&, = +&, /@ -,)/,/ )/ &,,-(%( '( /-,( = 7(/%&)< (% '&%'( *( ))(// /0& )/ ,(/-;% +/,/ ?&,7/, () ?&,7/)'(@-'&.

L/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, *(,9 -7+)*/'/ +&, () (%-)/'&, SK13 /) -%(,/70-/'&, ICK11'&%'( *( (%?,-/,/ >,/-/* / ,/%*?(,-, /)&, /) ?)-'& ?,-& &7+(*& +&, /-,( = 7(/%&) () ( *(



25/57

&7(%; /%(,-&,7(%(. A)) () />/ ( +&*(( )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, *( &%'(%*/,/< = )/(7+(,/,/ '( '-@/ &,,-(%( *(,9 '( 35 V.

P&*(,-&,7(%(< )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, +/*/,/ /) -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, ICK13 '&%'( *((%?,-/,9 @/*/ %/ (7+(,/,/ '( 31 V. A) /)/%8/, (*/ (7+(,/,/ () 7(/%&) ( &%-(%( '-@/&,,-(%( *( &%'(%*/. P/,/ ( (*/ &,,-(%( /)/%( '-@/ (7+(,/,/ *( */,9 />/ '( )/ +)/%/ /

%/ (7+(,/,/ '( /)-7(%/-;% '( 2 V. E*( -%(,/70-/'&, (*9 &%*,-'& &% 0&* '( /(,&C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6 +&, )&* /)(* -,)/,9 )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, = /,/*/ '( /(,& SAK24 +&, (*/ -,)/,/ () />/ '( ,(?,->(,/-;%. D(*+* '( */)-, )/ &,,-(%( '() -%(,/70-/'&, ICK13 *(,9 (%-/'/ / )/ (%,/'/ '() /0*&,0('&, AK32.

L/ &,,-(%( >/*(&*/ /%( @/=/% &%'(%*/'& +/,( '( )/ &,,-(%(< &7& () />/ = () 7(/%&)< *->(*-(%'& (% * 7/=&, +/,( >/* (%,/ /) /0*&,0('&, AK32 +&, * +/,( -%?(,-&,< '&%'( *( +&%( (%&%/& &% %/ &,,-(%( )--'/ ?&,7/'/ ?%'/7(%/)7(%( +&, />/ = ?&,7/)'(@-'& +,&(%-(%( '()/ ,(-,)/-;%. E*( &%/& @/( ( () ?&,7/)'(@-'& +/*( / (*/ &,,-(%( )--'/ /) ->/) ( &'&() 7(/%&) = () />/. L&* >/*(* ,(*)/%(*< (% * 7/=&,/ %-,;>(%& = &>(%&< */)',9% +&, )/ +/,(*+(,-&, '( )/ &)7%/< ( -,9% / %/ /%&,@/ '&%'( *( +,&('(,9 / * &70*-;%.

L/ &,,-(%( )--'/ '( /)-7(%/-;% (%,/,9 +&, )/ +/,( *+(,-&, '( (*/ &)7%/ ( -,/ '(*(%'-(%'&+&, >,/('/' /0*&,0-(%'& () 7(/%&)< () />/ = () ?&,7/)'(@-'&. L/ (?(--'/' '( (*/ &)7%/ (*'(-,< /%& '() ?&,7/)'(@-'& '( (%,/'/ ,(&>( (* '( % '( /(,& -%&-'/0)( '( %/ +)>/'/< = (*/,9 ?/0,-/'/ '( /(,& C/,+(%(,2 M&K6. E) )-'& '( */)-'/ '( )/ &)7%/ *(,9 ,/%*+&,/'& /) -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, ICK14.

E*( -%(,/70-/'&, (-*( '(0-'& / ( )/ /0*&,-;% 7-/ '() ?&,7/)'(@-'& (% () />/ (* %/,(/-;% (&,7-/< +&, )& ( *( %((*-/,9 '-*7-%-, )/ (7+(,/,/ '( (*/ &,,-(%( '( )&* 35 V@/*/ )&* 31 V. D-@& -%(,/70-/'&, +&*((,9 &7& )-'& ,(?,->(,/%( />/ '( )/ 7-*7/ +)/%/< &%

'-(,*&* ,//7-(%&* +/,/ (-/, -%,*/-&%(*.

D(*+* '( @/0(,*( (%?,-/'&< )/ &,,-(%( )-'/ &% ?&,7/)'(@-'&< />/ = 7(/%&) *(,9 0-?,/'/ (%'&* /) 5 )/ +,-7(,/ '( ())/* *(,9 -7+)*/'/ +&, )/ 0&70/ $K22 / )/ +/,( /)/ '( )/ &)7%/ '(

/0*&,-;% '&%'( *(,9 7(8)/'/ &% %/ &,,-(%( '( />/< = +&*(,-&,7(%( *(,9 -%,&'-'/ /)/0*&,0('&, AK32 &7& )/ &,,-(%( )--'/ '( (%,/'/ / (*( &7& %/ ,(-,)/-;% +/,-/) '( )/&,,-(%( )--'/ '( /0*&,0('&, AK32. L/ *(>%'/ &,,-(%( *(,9 -7+)*/'/ +&, )/ 0&70/ $K23 /)7(8)/'&, MK31.

E% (*( 7(8)/'&,< )/ *(>%'/ &,,-(%( 0-?,/'/ *(,9 7(8)/'/ &% />/ (% )/ +,&+&,-;% %((*/,-/+/,/ >(%(,/, %/ &%(%,/-;% '( 3" (% +(*& '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& (% />/. D-@& 7(8)/'&, +&*((/>-/-;% 7(9%-/ = (*9 &%*,-'& (% /(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6.



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L/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() 7(8)/'&, MK31 *(,9 -7+)*/'/ 7('-/%( )/ 0&70/ $K23 / % /%( '('/ TK31< '() /) *(,9 (%-/'& 7('-/%( &,/ *(,-( '( 0&70/* / '(+;*-&* '( /)7/(%/7-(%&. E)+,&+;*-& '() /%( '( '/ (* )/ ,(/)-8/-;% '( +,(0/* '( /)-'/' '() +,&'& /%(* '( /7)/,)& (%

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

DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO DE RPOCESO

CAPITULO 6: DISEO DE EUIPOS.

D&*, /, &(,-')&)/-IC101

E) -%(,/70-/'&, ICK11(*9 '(*-%/'& / *(, () (-+& '&%'( *( / / +,(/)(%/, = 7(8)/, () /-,(/7&*?,-& '( (%,/'/ = () 7(/%&) '( /)-7(%/-;% /) +,&(*&. P/,/ /)(%/,)& *( /+,&(@/,9 () /)&,'( )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, RK15< = >,/-/* / (*& *( (%?,-/,/ '-@/ &,,-(%(.



27/57

A) *(, () +,-7(, -%(,/70-/'&, '() +,&(*&< *( (+&%',9% +,-7(,& %/* &%*-'(,/-&%(* >(%(,/)(**&0,( )&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&,< *-(%'& &'/* (*/* &%*-'(,/-&%(* /+)-/0)( /) ,(*& '(-%(,/70-/'&,(* '( )/ +)/%/.

C,-(,-&* +/,/ () '-*(J& '() -%(,/70-/'&,

L&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, *&% %& '( )&* (-+&* 79* &7%7(%( */'&* (% )/ -%'*,-/ 7-/+/,/ ( )/* &,,-(%(* '() +,&(*& /)/%(% )/ (7+(,/,/ '(*(/'/ = +/,/ &%*(>-, () 79-7& /@&,,&'( (%(,>/ +&*-0)(. P&, (*& )-7& *( *()(% (%)/8/, &,,-(%(* / /)(%/, &% &,,-(%(* / (%?,-/, +/,/( () &%*7& '( (%(,>/ /'--&%/) *(/ 7%-7&.

E)(-;% '() -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&,

L&* ?/&,(* 79* -7+&,/%(* +/,/ )/ ()(-;% '() -+& /'(/'& '( -%(,/70-/'&, +/,/ % *(,--&&%,(& *&% )&* *->-(%(*:

T(7+(,/,/* '( ,/0/& = (*/'& '( />,(>/-;% '( )&* ?)-'&*.

P,(*-&%(* '( )/* &,,-(%(* = +(,'-'/* '( +,(*-;% /'7-*-0)(*. C/'/)(* '( )&* ?)-'&*. P&*-0-)-'/'(* '( (%*-/7-(%& '() /+/,/&. A-;% &,,&*-/ '( )&* ?)-'&*. E*+/-& '-*+&%-0)( +/,/ )/ -%*/)/-;%. F/&, (&%;7-&.

L&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, 79* (7+)(/'&* (% )/ -%'*,-/ 7-/ *&%:

I%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, '( '&0)( 0&:

S( 0/*/% (% () *& '( '&* 0&* &%%,-&* +&, '&%'( -,)/% )&* ?)-'&* ,/%*?-,-%'&*( () /)&, /,/* '( )/ +/,(' ( )&* *(+/,/.

L/* (%//* '( (*&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* *&%: F9-)(* '( '(*7&%/,. O+(,/%'& (% &%,/&,,-(%( *( &0-(%(% /)&* ,(%'-7-(%&*.

E%,( ** -%&%(%-(%(* *( (%(%,/%: R-(*>&* '( ?>/* (% )&* (7+/)7(*. F)(-;% '() 0& -%(,-&,< *- (* '(7/*-/'& )/,>&. S+(,?--(* '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ +((J/ (% ,()/-;% &% () &)7(% >)&0/) '() (-+&. E*& *( '(0(

/) ,/'-& 7%-7& '( )&* &'&*< ( )-7-/ )/ /+,&-7/-;% '( )&* 0&*. L/ -)-8/-;% '( (*&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* (*9 )-7-/'/ / +((J&* /'/)(*.



28/57

I%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, '( /,/*/ = 0&*:E* () -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, 79* */'& (% )/ -%'*,-/ 7-/ '(0-'& / * >,/% ?/-)-'/' '()-7+-(8/ = 7/%(%-7-(%&< / +&*((, %/ >,/% *+(,?--( '( ,/%*?(,(%-/< = +&, *(, )&* 79* -';%(&* +/,/-%(,/70-& '( /)&, '( +,&'&* '( ()(/'& /'/).

L&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /,/*/ = 0&* (*9% &7+(*&* +&, %/ /,/*/ -)%',-/ (% =& -%(,-&,

*( '-*+&%( % @/8 '( 0&* '( +((J& '-97(,&< +/,/)()/7(%( /) (( '() -)-%',&. U% ?)-'& *( @/(-,)/, +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&* 0&*< 7-(%,/* ( () &,& ?)-'& -,)/ +&, () -%(,-&, '( )/ /,/*/ 9,(/'( &%/& 0/J/%'& )&* 0&* '() @/8 +&, * +/,( ((,-&,. E-*(% (% )/ /,/*/ +)//* '(?)(&,/*7/7+/,/* ( @/(% ( () ?)-'& ( -,)/ +&, ())/ -,)( )& 79* +(,+(%'-)/, +&*-0)( /) @/8 '(0&*< 7(&,9%'&*( /* )/ ,/%*7-*-;% '( /)&,. E*& &,,( /70-% (% )&* 0&*< /* (-*(%&%?->,/-&%(* '( 1< 2< 4< (. +/*&* +&, 0&*< = &,,( )& 7-*7& &% )/ /,/*/ (-*(%-%(,/70-/'&,(* &% /,-&* +/*&* +&, /,/*/.

I%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, '( +)//*:E) '-*(J& '( (*( -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&,(* (*9 0/*/'& (% **--, )/* *+(,?--(* 0)/,(* +&,

*+(,?--(* +)/%/* &% -(,/* ,>&*-'/'(*.

E*&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* +,(*(%/% %/ *(,-( '( (%//*: T-(%(% 7/=&, /*/ '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&,. S&% 79* ?9-)(* '( )-7+-/,. S&% '( 79* ?9-) 7/%(%-7-(%&. O+/% 7(%&* (*+/-&.

E%,( )&* -%&%(%-(%(* '( (*( -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&,(* *( (%(%,/%: L/ ()(-;% '( )&* ?)-'&* (*9 )-7-/'/ +&, )/ ,(*-*(%-/ 7-/ '( )/* +)//* = )/* %/*< /*

&7& +&, )/ (7+(,/,/ '( ,/0/&. E) -%(,/)& '( (7+(,/,/ '( ,/0/& +/,/ (*( -+& '(-%(,/70-/'&,(* (* '( 25K15C.

E) -%(,/)& '( +,(*-;% (% )&* &%'&* & /0(,,/* '( )/* +)//*< )-7-/% () /'/) ( ?)=( /,/* '( ())/*.

S&% 7= /,&*.

D( /(,'& &% )/ -%?&,7/-;% /%(,-&,7(%( -/'/< %& (* /&%*(/0)( () *& '( -%(,/70-/'&,(* '(+)//* '(0-'& / (:

E) -%(,/)& '( (7+(,/,/ '( ,/0/& (% )/ )%(/ '( +,&(*& @/*/ )&* 2"C (* *+(,-&, /)'( &+(,/-;% '( (*( -%(,/70-/'&, 25K15C.

P,&'( ()(/'/* +,'-'/* '( /,>/.

E)(/'& +,(-& '( (*( -%(,/70-/'&,.

E% /%& / )&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( '&0)( 0& /7+&& *&% /&%*(/0)( +&,(: P,(*(%/ *+(,?--(* '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&, 7= +((J/*. E) ,-(*>& '( ?>/* ( -7+)-/%< %& *&% /'(/'&* +/,/ (*/ -%*/)/-;%< '(0-'& / )/ +,(*(%-/

'() ?&,7/)'(@-'&< ( (* % &7+(*& ;-&.

P&, &'& )& /%(,-&,< (% () +,(*(%( P,&=(& *( '-*(J/,/% -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, (% &%,/&,,-(%('() -+& '( /,/*/ = 0&*< '(0-'& / )/* (%//* ( +&*(( ( *( &7(%/,&% /%(,-&,7(%(. A'(79*-'& (*( -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&, +&, )/* &%'--&%(* '( &+(,/-;% '(0-'& / ( )&* /'/)(* /(%?,-/, = /)(%/, *&% ()(/'&*< /'(79* '( ( () /)&, -%(,/70-/'& '(0( *(, /70-% 0/*/%( /)&.

P&, &'& ())& *( (7+)(/,/ (*( -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&,< /'(79* '( ( *&% 7= (?-/(* = *&%)&* ( 79* *( */% (% )/ -%'*,-/< +&, )& ( 79* ?9-)7(%( *( +&',9 (%&%,/, % +,&(('&, +/,/ )/&7+,/ '( (*&* (-+&*.

E) ;'->& (7+)(/'& +/,/ () '-*(J& '( )&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, (* () ASME A7(,-/% S&-(= &?M(@/%-/) E%>-%((,* = (% +/,-)/,< )/ S(-;% QIII ,()/-/ / ,(-+-(%(* / +,(*-;% D--*-;% 1< )//) (*/0)(( )/* %&,7/* 7%-7/* '( &%*,-;%. P/,/ () '-*(J& '( )&* 0&*< () ;'->& ,(7-( / )/%&,7/ ANSI B31.3.L/* %&,7/* TEMA S/%'/,'* &? T0)/, E@/%>(, M/%?/,(,* A**&-/-&% (*+(-?-/% )/*/,/(,*-/* 7(9%-/* = ,7-/* &,,(*+&%'-(%(* / )/* '-(,*/* &%'--&%(* '( ?%-&%/7-(%&.C&%,(/7(%(< (*/ %&,7/ *-,( +/,/ &7+)(7(%/, = '(?-%-, () ;'->& ASME +/,/ &'/* )/*/+)-/-&%(* '( -%(,/70-& '( /)&, '( -+& '( &,/8/ = 0&*.

L&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, '( /,/*/ = 0&* *( +('(% '(%&7-%/, 7('-/%( ,(* )(,/*< *(>%

TEMA:

` L/ +,-7(,/ )(,/ *( ,(?-(,( /) -+& '( /0(8/) (*/-&%/,-&. L&* -+&* A /%/) = 0-(,/ '(*7&%/0)( =B /*(( *&% )&* 79* */)(*.` L/ *(>%'/ )(,/ '(*,-0( )/ /,/*/. L/ /,/*/ -+& E< '( % *&)& +/*&< (* )/ 79* &7%. L/ /,/*/F *( -)-8/ >(%(,/)7(%( /%'& %& (* +&*-0)( % %-& +/*& +&, /,/*/ '(0-'& / )/* '-?(,(%-/* '((7+(,/,/* (%,( () /*& = )&* 0&*. E% /%& / )&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* $ -+& XS+)- * *&+,-%-+/) (* )/ &%'(%*/-;% '( /+&,(*< # '( ?)-'& '--'-'& = H '&0)( XS+)- *( (7+)(/% +/,/,('-, )/* +,'-'/* '( /,>/ (% )/ /,/*/ /%'& (*/ (* /,-/0)(. E) -%(,/70-/'&, V -+& XV()(*( -)-8/ /%'& *( ,(-(,( >(%(,/, /+&,. L/ /,/*/ (* '() -+& ?)& ,8/'&< (% )/ /) *( &)&/%%/ *(,-( '( 0&-))/* '( /)-7(%/-;% = (% +&*--;% &%,/,-/ &,/* '( */)-'/.

` L/ (,(,/ )(,/ -%'-/ () -+& '( /0(8/) '() (,(7& +&*(,-&,. L/* '(%&7-%/-&%(* S /0(8/)?)&/%( &% '-*+&*--& '( /+&=&< T /0(8/) ?)&/%( *-% &%,/0,-'/ = U @/8 '( 0& (% U *&% )&*79* -7+&,/%(*.



30/57

S,,''&( /, ) -),'-&) /, %H

U%& '( )&* /*+(&* 79* -7+&,/%(* (% () '-*(J& '( % -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, '( /,/*/ = 0&* (*)/ ()(-;% '() ?)-'& -,)/ +&, )/ /,/*/ = '( )/ &,,-(%( ( -,)( +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&* 0&*.

L&* ,-(,-&* +/,/ '(-'-, ( ?)-'& -,)/ +&, )&* 0&* = +&, )/ /,/*/ *(,9%:1. E) ?)-'& 79* *-& -,)/ +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&* 0&*< '/'& ( )/ )-7+-(8/ 7(9%-/ & 7('-/%(

/+&, & />/ (* 79* *(%-))/.2. E) ?)-'& 79* &,,&*-& *( -(%'( / *-/, +&, () )/'& '( )&* 0&*< +/,/ /* 7-%-7-8/, () *& '( %/7(/),>-/ 79* %&0)(.3. P&, )&* 7-*7&* 7&-&* ( )&* /%(,-&,(*< () ?)-'& '( 7/=&, +,(*-;% *( 0-/ +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&*0&*.4. E) ?)-'& ( +,(*(%/ 7(%&, +(,'-'/ '( +,(*-;% ?)=( +&, )/ /,/*/.5. E) ?)-'& ( -,)/ +&, )/ /,/*/ (* % )-'& '( -*&*-'/' ()(/'/ & % >/*.

[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 2!


31/57

D&*, /, IC101

C&7& *( &7(%; /%(,-&,7(%(< *( '-*(J/,/ % -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, '( /,/*/ = 0&* +/,/ ()/)(%/7-(%& '( )/ 7(8)/ '( /-,( /7&*?,-& = 7(/%&) '( /)-7(%/-;%< = *( */,/ &7& ?)-'&/)(?/&, )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&,< ( *?,-,9 % &%*->-(%( (%?,-/7-(%&. A*< *(/+,&(@/,/ )/ (%(,>/ '( (*/ )-7/ &,,-(%(.

S( ()->( ( )/ &,,-(%( /)-(%( )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, -,)( +&, 0&* = )/ &,,-(%( ?,/)/ 7(8)/ '( /-,( = 7(/%&) -,)( +&, )/ /,/*/. S( @/ '(-'-'& (*/ ,/=(&,-/ '( ?)& '(0-'& /( )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, (*9 / 7/=&, (7+(,/,/< = *&0,( &'&< +&,( (*/ &,,-(%(+&*(( ?&,7/)'(@-'& () /) '(0( ,/%*+&,/,*( (% 7/(,-/)(* (*+(-/)(* +&, * &,,&*--'/'. P&, ())&/'/*. E) (*+(*&, '( )//,/*/ *( '((,7-%/ *(>% )/* ?&,7)/* '() ;'->& ASME. S( ?/0,-/ '( /(,& -%&-'/0)( SAK24( % /(,& -%&-'/0)( AISI 316L &SAK24< '( &7+&*--;% '( 1 '( ,&7&< 12 '( %() = 2K4 '( 7&)-0'(%&.

E*+(-?-/-&%(* '() -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, ICK11

D,*'-&'&(: I%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, '( /,/*/ = 0&* @&,-8&%/)T*: M/(,-/) A(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6< D-97(,& ((,-&, .31"57< D-97(,& -%(,-&, .267E*+(*&, 2.4131K37< D-*+&*--;% C/',/'/< N7(,& '( 0&* 352< P-@ .3" 7 L&%>-' .617-(%(* +,&+-('/'(*:T(7+(,/,/ '( (%,/'/ T(%: 2 VT(7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/ T*/): 544." VT(7+(,/,/ 7('-/ T/: 421.35 VQ-*&*-'/' 7('-/ a: 2.2"1K5 P/.*

D(%*-'/' 7('-/ b: ." >73C&%'--'/' ,7-/ : .3" 7VN7(,& '( P,/%') P,: .6P,(*-;% '( (%,/'/ P: 1.15 /7C/'/) 7&)/, 7&)/,: 151.55 7&)*C/'/) 79*-& : 4.31" >*

L/* +,&+-('/'(* &7/'/* /%(,-&,7(%( ((+& )/* (7+(,/,/*< +,(*-;% = /'/)(* *( @/% &7/'&&7& )/ 7('-/ +&%'(,/'/ '( )/* +,&+-('/'(* '( /'/ &7+(*&. L/* +,&+-('/'(* '( /'/ &7+(*&



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*( @/% ,(/)-8/'& &7& )/ 7('-/ /,-7-/ '( )/* +,&+-('/'(* '( /) &7+(*& / )/ (7+(,/,/ '((%,/'/ = / )/ (7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/. A) *(, )/ 7/=&, +/,( '( )/ &,,-(%( ?,/ % >/* / )/ (7+(,/,/ '((%,/'/ () 7(/%&) (* % )-'& '( 2 V @/*/ 33 V< *-(%'& )/ +,&+&,-;% '( (*( 7(%&, / % " (%7&)(* = / )/ (7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/ *(, &/)7(%( % >/*< *( @/ '(-'-'& /))/, )/* +,&+-('/'(* '()7(/%&) &7& )/* '() /+&, '( 7(/%&).

E) ?)-'& /)-(%( +&*(( )/* *->-(%(* +,&+-('/'(*:

T(7+(,/,/ '( (%,/'/ T(%: 5" VT(7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/ T*/): 35 VT(7+(,/,/ 7('-/ T/: 46 VQ-*&*-'/' 7('-/ a: 2.26"1K5 P/.*D(%*-'/' 7('-/ b: .3 >73C&%'--'/' ,7-/ : .3 7VN7(,& '( P,/%') P,: .61P,(*-;% (%,/'/ P: 1.2 /7

C/'/) 7&)/, 7&)/,: 156.35 7&)*C/'/) 79*-& : 4*

A) ->/) ( &% () ?)-'& ?,-&< )/* +,&+-('/'(* &7/'/* /%(,-&,7(%( ((+& )/* (7+(,/,/*' /, ) ,,-)-) /, *)&/) /, ) '--&,(, %-):

P/,/ () '-*(J& '() +,(*(%( -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, *( *+*& %/ (7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/ '() ?)-'&/)-(%( +/,/ +&'(, &0(%(, )/ (7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/ '() ?)-'& ?,-&. R(/)-8/%'& % 0/)/%( '( (%(,>/ /)/ &,,-(%( /)-(%( *( &0-(%(:

A* *( /))/ () /)&, '(*+,(%'-'& &7&:

Q= H1+H2O+ H2+ H3

P/,/ () >/*: H=WCpT



33/57

S-(%'& () /'/) '() &7+(*&< C+ )/ /+/-'/' /)&,?-/ '() &7+(*& = cT )/ '-?(,(%-/ '((7+(,/,/* ( *?,( () &7+(*&< cH3 *( /))/,/ &7& )/ *7/ '( &'/* )/* (%/)+-/* (+,&+&,-&%/ /'/ &7+&%(%(.

P/*/%'& )/* C+ 7('-/* / #&)(*< = &7& *( &%&(% )/* &7+&*--&%(* 7&)/,(* = () /'/) 7&)/, '( )/&,,-(%( /)-(%( = */0-(%'& ( dH2O _ 442 #7&) *( &0-(%(% )/* (%/)+-/* ( -%(,-(%(% (% ()+,&(*&:

H1=6730x104

J/s

H2=7591x 103

J/s

H3=9730x105

J/ s

H2O=4195x105

J/s

Q=1467x106 J/s

S( ,(/)-8/ % 0/)/%( '( (%(,>/ /) ?)-'&:

E) /)&, '(*+,(%'-'& '() ?)-'& *(,9:

Q=( H1+MeOH+ H2+ H3)

P/*/%'& )/* C+ 7('-/* / #&)(*< = &7& *( &%&(% )/* &7+&*--&%(* 7&)/,(* = () /'/) 7&)/, '( )/&,,-(%( /)-(%(< = */0-(%'& ( dM(OH _ 352 #7&) *( +('(% &0(%(, cH1= dM(OH



34/57

H1=1.69x104

J/s

MeOH=3.42x105

J/s

D(*+(/%'& ,7-%&*: H2+ H3=Q( H1+MeOH)

H2=WMeOH C pMeOH( g )(338Tsal)

H3=(WH2 C pH2 ( g )+WN2 C pN2 (g )+WO2C pO2 (g ))(298Tsal )

Tsal=544.07

C,%&'&,(, G) /, T-)(*%,-,('&) /, C)-.

L&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, *( 0/*/% (% )/ ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&, '( % ?)-'& /)-(%( / %& ?,-&*(+/,/'&* +&, %/ +/,(' *;)-'/. A*< () /)&, *( ,/%*?-(,( +&, &%(-;% '(*'( () ?)-'& /)-(%( @/-/)/ +/,('< '(*+* *( ,/%*7-( / ,/* '( )/ +/,(' +&, &%'-;% = ?-%/)7(%( *( ,/%*7-( +&,&%(-;% '(*'( )/ +/,(' /) ?)-'& ?,-&. $(%(,/)7(%( )/ ,/%*7-*-;% +&, ,/'-/-;% *( *()( -%)-, (%)&* ,7-%&* '( &%(-;%. A*< (-*(% ,(* ,(*-*(%-/* (% *(,-( / )/ ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&,: '&* / )/&%(-;% = %/ / )/ &%'-;%.

L/ (+,(*-;% ( *( &0-(%( '( )/ ,(*-*(%-/ >)&0/) (*:

!=! i+!pared+!o= 1

hi"i+ln( ro

r i)

2#k$+

1

ho" o

S-(%'& )&* *0%'-(* i= o)/* *+(,?--(* -%(,-&, = ((,-&, '( )&* 0&*-' '( )&* 0&*< h)&* &(?--(%(* -%'--'/)(* '( &%(-;%< k)/ &%'--'/' '() 7/(,-/) =A)/* 9,(/* '(-%(,/70-& '( /)&,.

S( +('( '(?-%-, () /)&, 7('-/%(:Q=% & " &$MT'

S-(%'& U() &(?--(%( >)&0/) '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&,< ( *( '(?-%( &7& )/ -%(,*/ '( )/ *7/ '(&'/* )/* ,(*-*(%-/* / )/ ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&, ( *( '/% (% () +,&(*&:

1

% "s=

1

hi"i+ln(

ro

r i)

2#k$+

1

ho" o



35/57

P(,& () &(?--(%( >)&0/) '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&, '(0( ,(?(,-,*( / % 9,(/ '( -%(,/70-& +/,/ ())&/7&* / ,(?(,-,%&* (% () 9,(/ ((,-&, '( )&* 0&*:

1

%=

' o

h i'i+

'o ln(ro

r i)

2k +

1

ho

A &%-%/-;% *( /))/,/% )&* ,7-%&* '( )/ /%(,-&, (/-;%.

C&(?--(%( -%'--'/) '( &%(-;% -%(,%/ hi:E) &(?--(%( -%'--'/) '( &%(-;% -%(,%/ *( &0-(%( 7('-/%( )/ '(?-%--;% '() %7(,& '(N**().

Nu=hi'i

k

S-(%'& hi() &(?--(%( -%'--'/) '( &%(-;% -%(,%/< k)/ &%'--'/' '( )/ **/%-/ =Di()'-97(,& -%(,-&, '() 0&. E-*(% 7)-+)(* &,,()/-&%(* (7+,-/* ( +(,7-(% /))/, () %7(,&'( N**() &%&-(%'& () %7(,& '( R(=%&)'*< () %7(,& '( P,/%') = )/ &%?->,/-;% '() ?)& *&0,()/7-%/*< '(%,& '( 0&*< &%(-;% %/,/)< (.. P,-7(,& *( /))/ () %7(,& '( R(=%&)'*:

=4Wm

(# ' i=

4(4.316 kgs)(2.267x 105)a & s )(#) (0.0269m )

=9.011x106

C&7& () /)&, '() %7(,& '( R(=%&)'* (* 7/=&, / 1. () ?)-'& (% () -%(,-&, '( )&* 0&* (*/ (%?)& ,0)(%&. S( (7+)(/ )/ *->-(%( (+,(*-;% +/,/ /))/, () %7(,& '( N**():

Nu=0.0234 /5)r0.3=0.023(9.011x106)4 /5 (0.681)0.3=7507.62

E) (+&%(%( /) ( *( (%(%,/ ()(/'& () %7(,& '( P,/%') (* .3 '(0-'& / ( *( */ +/,/ /%'&)/ +/,(' '( )&* 0&* *( (%(%,/ / 7(%&, (7+(,/,/ ( () ?)-'& ( -,)/ +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&*0&*.

hi=Nu k

'i =

(7507.62 )(0.039 Wmk)0.0269m

=1.088x104 W

m2



36/57

C&(?--(%( -%'--'/) '( &%(-;% ((,%/ ho:

E) &(?--(%( -%'--'/) '( &%(-;% ((,%/ *( &0-(%( '( )/ 7-*7/ 7/%(,/ ( () &(?--(%(-%'--'/) '( &%(-;% -%(,%/ +(,& 7('-/%( )/* *->-(%(* (/-&%(*:

Nu=ho'ok

*= 4Wm(# ' o

=4(4.316

kg

s )

#(2.207x 105)a & s)(0,03175m)=7.884x 106

Nu=0.023(7.884x106 )4 /5(0.681 )0.3=6771.86

hi=Nu k

'o=

(6771.86 )(0.039 Wmk)0.03175 m

=8318.19 W

m2

L/ &%'--'/' '() 7/(,-/) A(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6 (*: k=12.1 W/mK &0(%-'/ '() V(,%.

Y/ &% &'&* )&* +/,97(,&* &0(%(7&* () &(?--(%( >)&0/) '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&,:

%=2241.46W/m2

M('-/ )&>/,7-/ '( )/ (7+(,/,/ LMTD:



37/57

h +T, +outT

, +Th+outT

Th+outT,+Th +T, +outln

$MT'=

,(/ '() IC:

"= Q

% & $MT'

= 1467x10

6J/ s

(2241.46 Wm

2)(37.41)

=17493m2

N7(,& '( 0&*:0.0269 2m2

#(4)(0.92kgm3 )=330(25ms)

No& tu-os= m.

/# '

2

40

=4.316

kg

s

S-(%'& )/ ()&-'/' '( +/*& '() ?)-'& +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&* 0&*< !)/ '(%*-'/' '( (*( ?)-'& = m"()?)& 79*-& '() ?)-'& )& ( *( @/ '(%&7-%/'& /%(,-&,7(%( &7& . S( */ %/ ()&-'/' ( *((%(%,( (% () ,/%>& '( ()&-'/'(* &7%(* +/,/ )/ &%'--&%(* '() ?)-'& &% () ( (*/7&*&+(,/%'&. E% %(*,& /*&< () ?)-'& (* % >/* *&0,(/)(%/'& / +,(*-;% (%,( = 1 +*-> 1 /7 / 1/'/* %%7(,& '( 0&* ->/) / 352. C&% (*/* /,/(,*-/* *( &0-(%( % '-97(,& '( /,/*/ '( 3 -%.6 7 = % +-@ '( 1 = 16 '( +)>/'/ .3" 7.



38/57

C&%?->,/-;% /',/'/ (% IC.

S( /))/ / &%-%/-;% )/ )&%>-' '( )&* 0&* 7('-/%( )/ (/-;% '( '(?-%--;% '() 9,(/ '( %-)-%',& /+)-/'/ /) &%%& '( )&* 0&*:

" o=#'oN$ 1 $= "o

#'oN=

17493m2

#(0.03175m )(352)=0.498m=1.635 .t

P&, /%&< *( &7/,/ %/ )&%>-' %&,7/)-8/'/ '( 2 ? .61 7 +/,/ )/ )&%>-' '( )&* 0&*.

T/7/J& '( )/ /,/*/ = )&* '(?)(&,(*:

E) '-97(,& '( )/ /,/*/ *(,9< &7& *( &7(%; /%(,-&,7(%(< '( 3 -% .6 7.E*( /)&, *( @/ &0(%-'& '( )/ /0)/ ( *( +,(*(%; &% /%(,-&,-'/'. T&7/%'& % %7(,& '( 0&*->/) / 352< % +/*& +&, 0&*< &%?->,/-;% /',/'/ &% % +-@ '( 1 = 16 '( +)>/'/ = 0&* '(% '-97(,& ((,-&, '( 1.25 -%. L&* '(?)(&,(* *&% +)//* ( *( &)&/% (% () )/'& '( )/ /,/*/ (



39/57

+(,7-(% ( () ?)-'& -,)( )& 79* +(,+(%'-)/, +&*-0)( /) @/8 '( 0&* = (*& 7(&,/**/%-/)7(%( )/ ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&,.

E) %7(,& '( '(?)(&,(* *( /))/ 7('-/%( )/ (/-;%:

N,= $)

D&%'(L(* )/ )&%>-' '( )&* 0&* =#de"(* )/ '-*/%-/ (%,( '(?)(&,(*.

E% )/* %&,7/* T.E.M.A. (-*(% % ,-(,-& +/,/ )/ '((,7-%/-;% '( )/ '-*/%-/ 7%-7/ = 79-7/(%,( '(?)(&,(*. A* )/ '-*/%-/ 7%-7/ (%,( '(?)(&,(* *( '(?-%( &7& )/ 7/=&, '( )/* '-*/%-/**->-(%(*:

2 -% .5 7

15 '() '-97(,& '( )/ /,/*/

E% (*( /*& /70&* /)&,(* *&% )&* 7-*7&*< +&, )& ( )/ '-*/%-/ 7%-7/ (%,( '(?)(&,(* *(,9 '(-(%( /0)/:

N&,7/* T.E.M.A. *(+/,/-;% 79-7/ (%,( '(?)(&,(*:

E% () /*& (% (*'-& )/ /)(/-;% (7+)(/'/ (* A(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6< ( (* %/ /)(/-;% '( %()-' 7 .34

M/(,-/)A(,& C/,+(%(,

2M&K6

N7(,& '( +/*&* 1

I(,-')&)/- /, C)- 103


42/57

P-@ 7 .3" P/*&*1

C&,,-(%( '( S/)-'/ F,/V

544

O,'(%/7-(%& C/',/'&C/,/(,*-/* '( )&*

D(?)(&,(*:

L&%>-' 7 .61N7(,& '(D(?)(&,(*

1

M/(,-/)A(,& C/,+(%(,

2M&K6 E*+(*&, 7.4"6

N7(,& '( +/*&* 1 E*+/-/7-(%& 7 ."13

APENDICE A: OJAS DE SEGURIDAD E IMPACTO AMBIENTAL.FORMALDEHIDO

PROPIEDADES FISICAS ! UIMICASP,* M,')- / &,,-(%( ',/%( 15 7-%< 7/%(%-(%'& )&* +/,+/'&*/0-(,&* = &%*)/, % 7'-&.

C()' '() &,

L//, &% />/ &% />/ &,,-(%( ',/%( 15 7-%< -/, ,&+/< &%*)/, /) 7'-& *-+(,*-*( )/ -,,-/-;%.

O-* -&,*+* S*/%-/ &%*-'(,/'/ /%(,>(%/



43/57

PROTECCION PERSONALP-,''&( -,*&-)-&) U*/, 7/*/,-))/ &% /,@& 7-&P-,''&( /, )(* U*/, >/%(* '( %(&+,(%& ( -7+(,7(/0)(

P-,''&( /, &, R&+/ -7+(,7(/0)( = 8/+/&* -%'*,-/)(*P-,''&( /, H* U*/, >&)(* / +,(0/ '( @&,,&

RIESGOS DE FUEGO O EPLOSIONM,/&* /, ,&('&( N-(0)/ '( />/< CO2-,) ,( ,&+-. M)(,(,-*, '(-) , K&,(. M)(,(,- ) )* ,-*()* &((,',*)-&)*),H)/)*.R,*)/* /, ) C*&(.C,** &'* /, ')-( '&,(, &/,+-)/), ,( '(',(-)'&(,* *%&'&,(,,(, /&&/)*. C(',(-)'&(,* ,(-,50 200 +@ ,( )+) *( %)),* )-) ) K&/) )'>&') *,-&-


44/57

F-)*,* R:R 25: T;-& +&, -%>(*-;%.R 43: P&*-0-)-'/' '( *(%*-0-)-8/-;% (% &%/&&% )/ +-().R 40:N&-&R 34: P,&&/ (7/',/*.

S 23:N& ,(*+-,/, )&* /+&,(*.F-)*,* S:S 36@ 37: e*(*( -%'7(%/,-/ = >/%/* '(+,&(-;% /'(/'&*.S 26: E% /*& '( &%/& &% )&* &&*< )9(*(-%7('-//7(%( &% />/ /0%'/%( = /'/*( / %M'-&.

I%?)/7/0-)-'/' 4. M/(,-/)(* ( *( /+&,-8/%,9+-'& & &7+)(/7(%( / )/ (7+(,/,/ /+,(*-;% /7&*?,-/ /70-(%/)< & ( *( '-*+(,*/%= *( (7(% ?9-)7(%( (% () /-,(.

S/)' 3. M/(,-/)(* ( 0/& &,/ (+&*--;%+('(% /*/, '/J&* (7+&,/)(* & +(,7/%(%(*/

INFORMACIONES RELATIVAS A LA ELIMINACI#NM('-&* '( ()-7-%/-;% '() +,&'&: R(*+(/, )/* %&,7/-/* )&/)(* = %/-&%/)(*. D-*+&%(, ()+,&'& / ()-7-%/, (% % ,//'&, /&,-8/'& '( ,(*-'&*.M('-&* '( ()-7-%/-;% '( )&* (%/*(* */'&*: D-*+&%(, )&* (%/*(* / ()-7-%/, (% % ,//'&,/&,-8/'& +/,/ * ()-7-%/-;% & -%-%(,/-;%.

INFORMACIONES RELATIVAS AL TRANSPORTE

ADR@RID N ONU: 22 E&,): 22 C)*,: IMDG: CAD @ IATA:

METANOL

PROPIEDADES FISICAS ! UIMICASP,* M,')- /,>/%/ = ,/&

,(*+-,/&,-&.



45/57

I(+,*&( L/ -%>(*-;% +('( +,&'-, )&* *->-(%(* (?(&*: '&)&, '( /0(8/< 7/,(&< &%?*-;%7(%/)< %/*(/< ;7-&< '-/,,(/. D&*-* ?//) '( 1 / 125 7-)-)-,&*.

C()' '(* H*

F(,(7(%( -,,-/%(< /,/(,-8/'& +&, *(%*/-;% '( (7/',/< (%,&(-7-(%& (-%?)/7/-;%. E) )-'& & )&* /+&,(* +('(% /*/, -,,-/-;% '( )/ &%%-/< =+&*-0)( '/J& '( )/ ;,%(/.

C()' '() &,

C&%/&* 0,((* %& *&% -,,-/%(*. C&%/&* ?,((%(* & +,&)&%>/'&* +('(% -,,-/,= +,&'-, ,(*(('/' '( )/ +-() & />,//, '(,7/--* =/ (-*(%(*. L/ /0*&,-;% /,/* '( )/ +-() +('( *(, %/ / *->%-?-/-/ '( (+&*--;%.

S*)('&) '(*&/,-)/) ' ')-'&(+,()EMERGENCIA ! PRIMEROS AUILIOS

I())'&( M(/ / )/ -7/ / '&%'( *( ,(*+-,( /-,( ?,(*&. A+)-( ,(*+-,/-;% /,-?--/) *- )/-7/ %& ,(*+-,/ & )& @/( &% '-?-)/'. M/%(%>/ / )/ -7/ (% ,(+&*& = &%(7+(,/,/ &,+&,/) %&,7/). N& ' ,(*+-,/-;% 0&/ / 0&/. O0(%>/ /='/ 7'-/-%7('-//7(%(.

I(+,*&( S- () +/-(%( (*9 &7+)(/7(%( &%*-(%( = /)(,/< ' / 0(0(, /0%'/%( />/+/,/ '-)-, () &%(%-'& (*&7//)< /70-% +('( *7-%-*,/, 2 / 4 /8/* '( )(@(. S-

@/= '-?-)/' (% )/ ,(*+-,/-;% *7-%-*,( &>(%&. O0(%>/ /='/ 7'-/-%7('-//7(%(.

C()' '(* H*

L9(*( -%7('-//7(%( )&* &&* &% />/ (% /0%'/%-/ ',/%( 7%-7& 2 7-%&*,/% /%-'/' '( />/< *( /0;% *- @/= '-*+&%-0)(.!(*( )/ ,&+/ &%/7-%/'/ -%)=(%'& 8/+/&*< %/ (8 ( *( @/ &7(%8/'& ())//'&. A*(>,(*( '( )//, 0-(% )/ ,&+/ /%(* '( ,(*/,. P,&,( /(%-;% 7'-/ *- )/-,,-/-;% +(,*-*(.

RIESGOS DE FUEGO ! EPLOSIONI%(%'-& = E+)&*-;% L-'& -%?)/7/0)(< +('( )-0(,/, /+&,(* ( ?&,7/% 7(8)/*

-%?)/7/0)(* / )/ (7+(,/,/ '( ->%--;% & 79* /)/. L&* /+&,(* +('(%?&,7/, 7(8)/* (+)&*-/* &% () /-,(

M('-& +/,/ (-%>-, ()?(>&

U*( />/ (% %(0)-%/ +/,/ (%?,-/, )/* *+(,?--(* (+(*/* /) ?(>& =+,&(>(, /) +(,*&%/). D((%>/ () ?)& '( X() &70*-0)( /) ?(>&. E%/*& '( ( %-%>%/ ?>/ & '(,,/7( *( @/=/ (%(%'-'&< /+)-( />/ (%%(0)-%/ +/,/ '-*+(,*/, )&* /+&,(* = (-/, %/ +&*-0)( ,( ->%--;%.

IMPACTO AMBIENTALB&/,+-)/)&&/)/ & *, /&-&+&-> ) ) %)*, )-,) ) *, ) )+) *,-%&'&) ) )+) *,-->(,) ',-') /, *&&[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 44


46/57

)(, ( *, )*-, &,( ,( *,* *,/&,(*. E M,)( +,(,-),(, ( ,-)(,', ,( ,)&,(, ' &, ) , ,* /,+-)/)/ ->&/),(, ) -)* **)('&)* &')* -&'--+)(&** ,( , *, *, ,K)-) /,*/, )+)* *,* *,-%&'&),* /(/, ,/, *,-/,+-)/)/ - ) 8 *)- -* ',** ,( , )&-,. S, ,*&) ( &, /, K&/) ,/&) /,,(* /, 17. /)*. E* ,&+-* )-) ) K&/) )'>&') ,( ))* '(',(-)'&(,*.

P&'+-))*:

T: T;-& I: -%?)/7/0)(

3

F-)*,* R:R 11: F9-)7(%( -%?)/7/0)(.R 23@24@25: T;-& +&, -%@/)/-;% = +&, -%>(*-;% =(% &%/& &% )/ +-().

R 39@23@24@25: T;-&: +()->,& '( (?(&*-,,((,*-0)(* 7= >,/(* +&, -%@/)/-;%< &%/&&% )/ +-() ( -%>(*-;%.F-)*,* S:S 1@ 2: C&%*,(*( 0/& ))/( = 7/%%>/*( ?(,/'() /)/%( '( )&* %-J&*.S 7: M/%%>/*( () ,(-+-(%( 0-(% (,,/'&.S 16: C&%*(,/, /)(/'& '( &'/ ))/7/ & ?(%( '(@-*+/*KN& ?7/,.S 36@37: *,(*, &(/,()-&) +)(,* /,-,''&( )/,')/*.

S 45: E% /*& '( /-'(%( & 7/)(*/,< /'/*(-%7('-//7(%( /) 7'-& *- (* +&*-0)( 7(*,( )/(-(/.

I%?)/7/0-)-'/' 3. L-'&* = *;)-'&* (+('(% (%(%'(,*( (% /*- &'/* )/* &%'--&%(*

'( (7+(,/,/ /70-(%/).

S/)' 1. M/(,-/)(* ( /*/% -,,-/-;%< +(,&*&)& '/J&* ,(*-'/)(* 7(%&,(* /% (% /*(%-/ '(,//7-(%& 7'-&.

I%(*/0-)-'/' R(/--'/' . M/(,-/)(* (+&, * *&% %&,7/)7(%( (*/0)(* /% (%&%'--&%(* '( -%(%'-& = ( %& ,(/-&%/% &%() />/.

INFORMACIONES RELATIVAS A LA ELIMINACIN

M,/&* /, ,&&()'&( /, -/':N& '(0( *(, (,-'& (% '(*/>f(* (% /%-'/'(* -7+&,/%(*+&*-0)( /7)/-;% '( /+&,(* -%?)/7/0)(*

MANIPULACIN Y ALMACENAMIENTO

M)(&)'&(: E-/, () &%/& &% )&* &&*< = )/ +-(). E-/, ,(*+-,/, )&* /+&,(*. U-)-8/,@(,,/7-(%/* '( &7/K7(*,/* '( 7/(,-/) /%-'(?)/>,/%(.A)',()&,(: E) /)7/(%/7-(%& (% /%(* '(0( @/(,*( (% -%*/)/-&%(* ( 7+)/% )/%&,7/--'/' *&0,( 7/(,-/* -%?)/7/0)(* = +()->,&*/*. S- *( /)7/(%/ (% ,(-+-(%(* /)(* &7&0-'&%(*< (*&* '(0(% (*/, 0-(% (,,/'&* (% % )>/, ?,(*& = *(&< = (% %/ 8&%/ 0-(% (%-)/'/ )(&*'( ?(%(* '( /)&, ?(,(* = ?(%(* '( ->%--;%. E) (-+& ( -%*/)/-&%(* (),-&* '(0(% 7+)-, )/*%&,7/*.



47/57

ACIDO FORMICO

PROPIEDADES FISICAS ! UIMICASP,* M,')- )P( /, &(%))'&( /,

(%-)/'&. M/%(%(, (% ,(+&*& = /0,->/'&. A+)-/, ,(*+-,/-;% /,-?--/) (% /*& '(-%*?--(%-/ ,(*+-,/&,-/. R((,-, /*-*(%-/ 7'-/.

I(+,*&( L//, -%7('-//7(%( )/ 0&/ = 0(0(, +&*(,-&,7(%( /0%'/%( />/ & )(@( /

+((J&* *&,0&* +/,/ '-)-, () />/. N& +,&&/, () ;7-&. B*/, /='/ 7'-/.C()' '(* H*

L//, &% /0%'/%( />/ 7/%(%-(%'& )&* +/,+/'&* /0-(,&* ',/%( 1 7-% /-*/,/) &?/)7;)&>&.

C()' '() &,

L//, -%7('-// = /0%'/%(7(%( &% />/ &,,-(%( ',/%( 15 7-%&* = &% )&*+9,+/'&* /0-(,&*. R((,-, /*-*(%-/ 7'-/.

RIESGOS DE FUEGO ! EPLOSIONI%(%'-& = E+)&*-;% E//, = /-*)/, () 9,(/ '( +()->,&. R(*,-%>-, () /(*& / +(,*&%/*

-%%((*/,-/* = *-% )/ '(0-'/ +,&(-;%. U0-/,*( / ?/&, '() -(%&.

M('-& +/,/ (-%>-, ()?(>& P&)& 7-& *()&< (*+7/ +/,/ /)&@&)< '( /,0&%&. E) *& '( />/+('( ,(*)/, -%&?(%*-&.

IMPACTO AMBIENTALE* +(,'--/) +/,/ -'/ /9-/. P,((%-, )/ (%,/'/ / &,,-(%(* = ?(%(* '( />/.E-/, )/ &%/7-%/-;% '( '(*/>f(< />/* *+(,?--/)(*< *0(,,9%(/*< /* &7& () *()&. E% /*& '(+,&'-,*( /,-&* (,-'&* & *- &%/7-%/ )/>&*< ,&* = /)/%/,-))/*< -%?&,7/, / )/* /&,-'/'(*&7+&%(%(*



48/57

P&'+-))*:

C&,,&*-& 3

F,/*(* R: 35 P,&&/ (7/',/* >,/(*.F,/*(* S: 23K26K45 N& ,(*+-,/, )&* /+&,(*. E%/*& '( &%/& &% )&* &&*< )9(%*( -%7('-// =/0%'/%(7(%( &% />/ = /'/*( / % 7'-&.E% /*& '( /-'(%( & 7/)(*/,< /'/-%7('-//7(%( /) 7'-&

I%?)/7/0-)-'/' 2. M/(,-/)(* ( '(0(%/)(%/,*( 7&'(,/'/7(%( & (+&%(,*( /(7+(,/,/* /)/* /%(* '( ( &,,/ )/ ->%--;%.

S/)' 3. M/(,-/)(* ( 0/& &,/ (+&*--;%+('(% /*/, '/J&* (7+&,/)(* & +(,7/%(%(*/

MANEJO ! ALMECENAMIENTO

M/%(&

M/%-+)/, = /0,-, () &%(%('&, &% -'/'&. U*/, (-+& '( +,&(-;% +(,*&%/). P,&((, '( *?--(%(-%(,/70-& '( /-,( =& (*/+( (% )&* 970-&* '( ,/0/&. E% /*& '( (%-)/-;% -%*?--(%( -)-8/,% (-+& '( ,(*+-,/-;% /'(/'&

A)7/(%/(

M/%(%(, /)(/'& '() ?(>&< *+(,?--(* /)-(%(*< ?(%(* '( ->%--;%< = '( )/ )8 *&)/,. M/%(%(,/)(/'& () 7/(,-/) &70*-0)( = (-/, +,&'&* 0/*(*. A)7/(%/, (% /%(* &,->-%/)(* ,(*-*(%(* /)/-'&. E) 9-'& ?;,7-& +('( ?&,7/, CO ',/%( /)7/(%/7-(%&.

E)-7-%/-;%

L&* &%(%('&,(* '(0(% '( *(, %(,/)-8/'&* /%(* '( '(*(@/,*( /&,'( &% )/* )(>/)-8/-&%(* )&/)(*



49/57

APENDICE B: COSTOS ! ESTUDIOS DE MERCADO.

COSTOS

COMPUESTO COSTO-(%(* /0)/*


T/0)/ 3. C&*&*


50/57

E-*(% 7@/* -%'*,-/* ( *('('-/% / )/ +,&'-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@'&' /, * '**.

L&* C&*(* $(%(,/)(* *( '((,7-%/% &7& )/ /+&,/-;% '( )&* C&*(* '( F/0,-/-;% = )&*

C&*(* '( $(*-;% '( )/ )%(/ '( +,&(*& &0(%-%'&*( /* )&* C&*(* '( P,&'-;%

E% )&* C&*(* '( F/0,-/-;% @/= ( &%*-'(,/,:

M/(,-/* P,-7/*

M/%& '( &0,/ '-,(/

S(,--&* >(%(,/)(*

- A>/

- E)(,--'/'


T/0)/ ". E+&,/-&%(* / %-() 7%'-/).


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C&*& '( 7/(,-/ +,-7/

L/ 7/(,-/ +,-7/ 09*-/ (* () M(/%&)< /70-% *( '(0( &%*-'(,/, () &*& '() //)-8/'&, '() ,(/&, =() &*& +&, />/. E% )/ *->-(%( /0)( *( +,(*(%/ () &*& +&, 7/(,-/ +,-7/< (* '( '(*//, ( ()

&*& '( 7/(,-/ +,-7/ &%(7+)/ () &*& +&, ,/%*+&,(.

M/(,-/+,-7/

F)&T&%/J&

P,(-& '(7/(,-/ +,-7/h>

C&*& 7/(,-/+,-7/USD/J&

M(/%&) /%->,/7/ '( )/ +)/%-))/ '( ,/0//'&,(* ( *( 7(*,/ (% )/ *->-(%( ?->,/:



53/57

$r%ani%rama de la empresa

L/ +)/%-))/ '( ,/0//'&,(* (*9 &7+(*/ +&,:

D-,(&, >(%(,/): 1 ,/0//'&,

$(,(%( = '-,(-&*: 4 ,/0//'&,(*

A'7-%-*,/-&*: ,/0//'&,(*

O+(,/,-&*: 3 ,/0//'&,(*

E% )/ *->-(%( /0)/ *( '(*>)&*/ () */)/,-& '( )&* '-?(,(%(* ,/0//'&,(* = *( &0-(%( () &*& '( 7/%&'-,(/.

P(*& T,/0//'&,(*

S()'&7(%*/) C&*& /%/)

USD/J&

P(*&*7(*D-,(&, 1 "5


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O+(,/,-&* 7/%(%-7-(%& 12 13/ '( ,(?,->(,/-;% (7+)(/'/ (% )&* -%(,/70-/'&,(*'( /)&, = (% () ,(/&,.

C&%*-'(,/%'& () &*& '() />/ '() (*/'& '( !(,/,& '( 13. +(*&* +&, 7(,& 0-& & 0-(% .3';)/,(* +&, 7(,& 0-&.

E-+& C&%*7&>*

C&%*7& /%/)73/J&

C&*& /%/)h/J&

R(/&, 4.1 132135.4 16"2."5I%(,/70-/'&, 2.41 "61."6 631.46I%(,/70-/'&,2

."" 31.6" 255"2.6

A 7&'& '( ((7+)& *( +,(*(%/ () &%*7& /%/) '( />/ +&, () ,(/&,

C&% )/ -%?&,7/-;% '( )/ /0)/ /%(,-&, *( +('( &%&(, () &%*7& &/) /%/) '() />/ +&, )&*(-+&* +,-%-+/)(*< () 9) (*< 23< 4


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B&70/ $K12 25B&70/ $K23 "B&70/ $K34 2S&+)/%( SK11 "5S&+)/%( SK12 "5S&+)/%( SK13 "5

A>-/'&, MK31 15C&%*7& &/) 24.14

S( -(%( % &%*7& '( ()(,--'/' '( 24.14 < &+(,/%'& 52 *(7/%/* /) /J& &%-%/7(%( *( -(%(% &%*7& '( (%(,>/ '( 21".4 @.

E) 9))& *( ,(/)-8/ &%*-'(,/%'& )&* &*&* '( (%(,>/ (),-/ +/,/ )/ ,(>-;% (%,& (% M-&-;%C/,>& +&, -)&G/ '('(7/%'/ ?/,/0)(

C/,>& +&, @ '((%(,>/ '( +%/

C/,>& +&, @ '((%(,>/ -%(,7('-/

C/,>& +&, @ '((%(,>/ '( 0/*(

C(%,/)h 13." h 1.4122 h ."325 h .6512

C&%*-'(,/%'& )&* ,/%>&* '( ?/,/-;% 0/*(< -%(,7('-& = +%/ &7& *( 7(*,/ (% )/ /0)/ *->-(%(= /70-%< &%*-'(,/%'& 52 *(7/%/* +&, /J& = ( )/ +)/%/ &+(,/ &%-%/7(%( ',/%( () /J&.

&a'la horario de "ac)uraci0n de *

E) &*& +&, >(%(,/-;% '( (%(,>/ (),-/ /%/) (* '( 326


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CONCLUSION

E% () +,(*(%( ,/0/& *( +,&+*& % 7&'& '( +,(+/,/-;% '() ?&,7/)'(@-'& = +/,/ () /) *( &( ,(/)-8/, % /%9)-*-* 7= &7+)(& '( )/* '-*-%/* 7(&'&)&>/* '( +,(+/,/-;% '( (*( +,&'& /*&7& )/* (%//* = '(*(%//* ( +,(*(%/% /'/ %/ '( ())/*< &7(%8/%'& '(*'( () +%& '( -*/(&%;7-&< )&* (-+&* %((*/,-&* +/,/ '-@/ +,&'-;% @/*/ () -7+/& /70-(%/) = )/ +()->,&*-'/'( ,(+,(*(%/% () *& '( ,(/-&* +/,/ /'/ %/ '( )/* +&*-0)(* +,(+/,/-&%(* = '( )/ 7-*7/ 7/%(,/)&* +,&'&* = & *0+,&'&* ( *( >(%(,/, (% /'/ /*& = '-@& /%9)-*-* (* )/ 0/*( *;)-'/ +/,/ )/

&7/ '( '(-*-;% '( 9) '( )/* +&*-0)(* ,/* (* 79* &%(%-(%(.

S( +('( &%)-, ( () -+& '( +,&(*& ()(>-'& +/,/ ( *( '(*/,,&))/,/ () +,(*(%( ,/0/& ?( () '(//)-8/'&, '( ;-'&* '( 7(/)(* '(0-'& +,-%-+/)7(%( / ( )/ &%(,*-;% (* 7/=&, ( (% () /*& '()//)-8/'&, '( +)// /%( '( (*( )-7& +,&(*& *( -(%( 7/=&, -%?&,7/-;% ,(>-*,/'/ (% )/0-0)-&>,/?/< /* 7-*7& / ( /) @/(, )/ &7+/,/-;% '( )/ +&*-0)( &+(,/-;% '( %/ +)/%/ &7& *&%)/* &%'--&%(* '( +,(*-;% = (7+(,/,/< )/ ?/0,-/-;% '( *0+,&'&* /)-&*&* ( /%( *(+,&'8/% (% 7(%&, /%-'/' +('/% (%(, % /)&, 7&%(/,-& &%*-'(,/0)(-'& (% (*( ,/0/&.



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