gemoYZ nydm©ä`mg d dmMZ gm{hË` emoY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/5440/8/08_chapter 2.pdf · 33 8) {Z`mOZ {d^mJ J§Wmb`, _Ìmb` _~B© ({def J«§Wmb`)

$Page 1: gemoYZ nydm©ä`mg d dmMZ gm{hË` emoY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/5440/8/08_chapter 2.pdf · 33 8) {Z`mOZ {d^mJ J§Wmb`, _Ìmb` _~B© ({def J«§Wmb`)$
àH$aU Xwgao

g§emoYZ nydm©ä`mg d dmMZ gm{hË` emoY

2.1 àñVmdZm

2.2 g§~§{YV gm{hË`mÀ`m g_mbmoMZmMr C{Ôï>o

2.3 nrEM.S>r. emoYà~§Y

2.4 E_.{\$b Mo bKw emoYà~§Y

2.5 E_.{b~ d BVa g§emoYZ àH$ën

2.6 g§X^© gm{hË`mMm AmT>mdm

2.7 {d{dY MMm©gÌo, n[afXm H$m`©emim_Yrb g§emoYZ nona

gmam§e

32

àH$aU Xwgao

g§emoYZ nydm©ä`mg d dmMZ gm{hË` emoY

2.1 àñVmdZm

g§emoYZ {df`mMr g§nyU© _m{hVr {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r g§~§{YV gm{hË`mMm nydm©ä`mg

hmoUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. nydm©ä`mg hm g§emoYZ H$m`m©Vrb _hÎdmMm ^mJ Amho. AmnU Á`m

{df`mdaVr g§emoYZ H$arV AmhmoV Ë`m{df`r `mnwdu H$moUVo Am{U {H$VnV g§emoYZ Pmbo Amho ho

nm{hë`m_wio Amnë`m g§emoYZmbmhr nydm©ä`mgm_wio {Xem {_iVo. g§emoYZ H$m`m©V nydm©ä`mgmbm

Iwn _hÎd Amho. gXa àH$ënmMm Aä`mg H$aVmZm g§emoYH$mZo `m g§emoYZmMm nydm©ä`mg

emoYÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho.

àñVwV g§emoYZmgmR>r g§~§{YV gm{hË`mMo g_mbmoMZ H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo.

`m~m~V g_mOg§emoYH$ q^VmS>o åhUVmV, g§~§{YV gm{hË`mÀ`m g_mbmoMZm_wio _m{hVr VgoM

C{MV g§emoYZ nÕVr, g§emoYZmMo V§Ì `m~Ôb {ZpíMV _m{hVr {_i{dÊ`mg _XV hmoVo.

g§emoYZmer g§~§{YV BVa H$mhr g§emoYZo Pmbobr AmhoV qH$dm Zmhr `m ~m~V

Aä`mg H$aÊ`mgmR>r Aä`mgH$mZo g§emoYZ nydm©ä`mg d dmMZ gm{hË`mMm emoY KoVbm. Imbr

{Xboë`m J«§Wmb`m§Zm àË`j ôQ>r XodyZ gXa g§emoYH$mZo g§emoYZ nydm©ä`mg d dmMZ gm{hË`mMm

emoY KoVbm Amho.

1) {Q>iH$ _hmamï´> {dÚmnrR> J«§Wmb`, nwUo.

2) ~°. ~mimgmho~ IS>}H$a J«§Wmb`, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya.

3) O`H$a J«§Wmb`, nwUo {dÚmnrR>, nwUo.

4) _w§~B© {dÚmnrR> J«§Wmb` (_Zmoam) _w§~B©.

5) X¡.gH$mi, X¡.bmoH$_V, X¡.Ho$gar, X¡._hmamï´> Q>mB©åg, X¡.nwT>marMr J«§Wmbò.

6) èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> J«§Wmb`, Zm{eH$.

7) _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m gm§Jbr,H$moëhmnya H|$Ðmdarb J«§Wmb`mVrb g§emoYZ àH$ën.

33

8) {Z`moOZ {d^mJ J«§Wmb`, _§Ìmb` _w§~B© ({deof J«§Wmb`)

9) B§Q>aZoQ>darb Aä`mgm{df`mÀ`m AZwf§JmZo Oo gm{hË` CnbãY Pmbo Vo Aä`mgÝ`mV

Ambo Amho.

n«ñVwV g§emoYZmMm {df` d¥ÎmnÌ J«§Wmb` Agm Agë`m_wio Imbrb {df`mÀ`m

gm{hË`mMm emoY KoÊ`mV Ambm.

1) {deof J«§Wmbò

2) d¥ÎmnÌ J«§Wmbò

3) g§emoYZ nÕVr à{H«$`m d H$m ©nÕVr

4) _hmamï´>mVrb d¥ÎmnÌo Am{U Ë`m§Mr J«§Wmbò

5) emoY à~§Y, bKwà~§Y, Ahdmb, àH$ën,g§emoYZ nona.

6) J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ Am{U d¥ÎmnÌ{dÚm d g§dmX emñÌmVrb g§emoYZ gm{hË`.

2.2 g§~§{YV gm{hË`mÀ`m g_mbmoMZmMr C{ÔîQ>ço

1) g§emoYZmMm {df` {ZdS>Ê`mg _mJ©Xe©Z {_iUo, {ZdS>boë`m {df`mg§~§Yr nydu Pmboë`m

g§emoYZmMr _m{hVr {_idUo d nwZamd¥Îmr Q>miUo.

2) g§X^© gm{hË`mMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z ñdV:À`m kmZmMr H$jm dmT>{dUo.

3) g§emoYZ {df`mg§~§Yr J¥{hVH¥$Ë`mÀ`m _m§S>Ur~Ôb {ZpíMV _m{hVr {_i{dUo.

4) {ZdS>boë`m {df`mg§~§Yr Amdí`H$ `mo½` nÕVr, V§Ì `m§À`m~Ôb _m{hVr {_i{dUo.

5) AmYma gm_J«r d {ZîH$f© `m{df`r VwbZmË_H$ _m{hVr {_i{dUo, g_n©H$ gm§p»`H$s` V§Ì

d Ë`m§Mm Cn`moJ Am{U {Zd©MZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo.

g§~§{YV gm{hË`mMo g_rjU

g§emoYH$mZo Amnbm g§emoYZ {df` {ZdS>ë`mZ§Va Vmo ì`dpñWVnUo _m§S>Ê`mgmR>r

VgoM ì`dpñWVnUo g§emoYZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`m {df`mg§X^m©V Oo g§~§{YV gm{hË` Amho Ë`mMm

gwédmVrg gImob Agm Aä`mg Ho$bm nm{hOo. `m Aä`mgmMm Cn`moJ g§emoYH$mg EH$ _mJ©Xe©H$

34

åhUyZ hmoD$ eH$Vmo. VgoM g§~§{YV gm{hË`m_Ü o g§emoYZ nÕVr g_ñòg§X^m©V e¡j{UH$

_mZgemñÌ, VÎdkmZ, AÜ`mnZ nÕVr, e¡j{UH$ g_mOemñÌ Aem g§~§{YV {df`mMm Aä`mg

hmoVmo. gm{hË`mMm Aä`mg g§emoYZmgmR>r Cn`moJ hmoÊ`mH$[aVm dmMZ H$arV AgVmZm Ë`mMo {Q>nU

ì`dpñWV R>odUo Amdí`H$ Amho. `m_Üò g§X^m©Mr Zm|X,Amdí`H$ _m{hVr, gmam§e, _hÎdmMo CVmao

d BVa g§~§{YV Jmoï>tMo dmMZ `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.

`m AJmoXa Pmboë`m g§emoYZmMr nwZamd¥Îmr `m_Üò Agy Zò. `m_wio Ë`mg

g§emoYZ åhUVm òUma Zmhr. H$maU g§emoYZmMr H$jm {dñV¥V Pmbr nm{hOo. J«§Wmb` {df`

åhQ>bm H$s, gd©M Ë`mH$S>o EH$m {d{eï> Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ nmhVmV. J«§Wmb` ho _mZdr OrdZmer

{ZJS>rV AgyZ, {dÚmWu, àmÜ`mnH$, g§emoYH$ d g_mOmbm `mMr OmUrd Pmbr nm{hOo.

g_mOmVrb àË oH$ dmMH$ dJm©bm ñÌr, nwéf, bhmZ-Wmoa, {dÚmWu, nÌH$ma,

n«mÜ`mnH$, g§emoYH$ `m gdmªZm J«§Wmb`mMm _moR>çm à_mUmda Cn`moJ hmoV AgVmo. Ë`m§À`m

Am`wî`mV J«§Wmb`mMo ñWmZ ho _hÎdmMo AgVo.

g§~§{YV g§emoYZmMo g_rjU

g§emoYH$mZo g_ñ`m gd©gmYmaUnUo R>a{dë`mZ§Va Vr ñnï>nUo `mo½` eãXmV

_m§S>Ê`mgmR>r g_ñòMr C{ÔîQo R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r VgoM g§emoYZmg§~§Yr gmYZo {ZdS>Ê`mgmR>r

_mJ©Xe©H$ _m{hVr Amdí`H$ AgVo. åhUyZ g§~§{YV gm{hË`mÀ`m Aä`mgm~amo~aM g§~§{YV

g§emoYZmMm Aä`mg hr _hÎdnyU© Amho.

^m.Jmo.~mnQ> `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. g§emoYH$mZo Amnë`m {df`mMr C{Ôï>o {ZpíMVr

Ho$br H$s, Ë`m {df`m~m~V `m XoemV d naXoemV nydu H$moUr g§emoYZ Ho$bo Amho H$m`, Ho$bo

Agë`mg Vo ñdV§ÌnUo dm {Z`VH$m{bH$mV à{gÕ Pmbo H$m` Am{U Vo g§emoYZ H$moR>o CnbãY

hmoB©b `mMm emoY ¿`mdm bmJVmo. Ago g§X^© gm{hË` Oo H$s AàH$m{eV AgyZ {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m

J«§Wmb`mV CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Vo. ho J§«Wmb`mVM ~gyZ Aä`mgmdo bmJVo. g§X^© g§emoYZmÀ`m

Aä`mgmZo g§emoYH$mg nyduÀ`m g§emoYZmMo ñdê$n g_Oy eH$Vo. OwÝ`mMr nwZamd¥Îmr Ho$ìhmM _mÝ`

Ho$br OmV Zmhr d Ë`mV AW©hr ZgVmo.

35

Amnë`m g§emoYZmÀ`m g§X^m©V H$moUH$moUVr g§emoYZo Pmbobr AmhoV. ho

g§emoYH$mZo Aä`mgUo A{Ve` _hÎdmMo R>aVo. ho E{S>gZZo gm§{JVbo Amho.

`m{edm` g§~§{YV gm{hË` g_rjUmÀ`m ~m~VrV S>m°.q^VmS>o `m§Zr Amnbo _V

_m§S>bo Amho. g§emoYZm{df`mMr ì`már d _`m©Xm AMyH$ R>a{dVm òVo. {d{dY g§emoYZmV

dmnaboë`m H$gmoQ>çm d nÕVr bjmV KoVë`mZo g§emoYH$mbm Amnë`m g§emoYZmV H$moUË`m

H$gmoQ>çm dmnamì`m bmJVrb d Amnbr g§emoYZ nÕVr H$moUVr R>odmdr `mMo _mJ©Xe©Z {_iVo. `m

{d{eï> joÌmV H$moUVo g§emoYZ Pmbobo Amho ho g_OVo. Oo {ZîH$f©, {gÕm§V {gÕ Pmbobo AmhoV

Ë`m§Mm g§emoYZ à{H«$òV AmYma KoVm òVmo. H$moUË`m g§»`memñÌr` V§ÌmMm AmYma ¿`mdm d dmna

H$amdm bmJVmo ho g_OVo. boIZmMr nÕV H$er R>odmdr, Ahdmb H$gm {bhmdm ho g_OVo. g§X^©

gm{hË`gyMr d g§H$sU© {d^mJmV H$moUË`m KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe H$amdm ho g_OVo. WmoS>Š`mV AZoH$

nwñVHo$ dmMyZ Á`mg§~§Yr AmnUm§g {ZpíMV _m{hVr {_iUma Zmhr `m Ahdmb dmMZmZo {_iVo.

AemàH$mao g§~§{YV g§emoYZmMm Aä`mg A{Zdm`© Agë`m_wio g§emoYH$mZo

g§emoYZmMm Aä`mg Ho$bm Amho, na§Vw `m g§emoYZ {df`mda øm AJmoXa g§emoYZ Pmbobo Zmhr.

2.3 nrEM.S>r. Mo emoY à~§Y

1) S>m°. OmYd {edmOr JO|Ð `m§Zr nÙlr H¡$.S>m°.J.Jmo.OmYd `m§Mr nÌH$m[aVm: EH$

{díbofUmË_H$ Aä`mg `m {df`mda nrEM.S>r. nXdrgmR>r {edmOr {dÚmnrR>mg _o

2007 _Üò emoY à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm Amho.

`m emoY à~§YmMr àñVmdZm, g§emoYZ nÕVr, nwT>marMo g§ñWmnH$ g§nmXH$

S>m°.J.Jmo.OmYd `m§Mo `moJXmZ, nwT>marÀ`m AJ«boIm§Mo {díbofU, AJ«boIm§Mo dJuH$aU,

gmam§e d {ZîH$f©, g§X^© gyMr Aer aMZm Ho$br Amho.

X¡. nwT>mar_Üò gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ joÌmg§~§YrMo AJ«boIm§Mo à_mU 27%,

H¥${fjoÌmg§~§YrMo 18%, {ejU, gm{hË`, _{hbm ~m~VÀ`m AJ«boIm§Mo n«_mU àËòH$s

36

5%, amOH$s` AJ«boIm§Mo à_mU 9% Agë`mMo à{VnmXZ S>m°.OmYd `m§Zr `m à~§YmV

Ho$bo Amho. `m à~§YmV C{ÔîQ>>mbm AZwgê$Z Imbrb {ZîH$f© H$mT>bo AmhoV.

1) S>m°. J.Jmo. OmYd `m§Zr X¡.nwT>mar_Üò H$îQ>H$ar, gm_mÝ` OZVobm n«mYmÝ` {Xbo

hmoVo.

2) gm_m{OH$ nÌH$m[aVo~amo~aM emoY nÌH$m[aVobm Ë`m§Zr ~i {Xbo hmoVo.

3) X¡.nwT>marÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ X{jU _hmamï´>mVrb {d{dY àH$ënm§Zm Ë`m§Zr nmR>~i

{Xbo.

4) Ë`m§Zr gmÜ`m gmoß`m ^mfoV g§ _r d g§Vw{bV nÌH$m[aVm H$ê$Z X¡. nwT>marMm

Zmdbm¡H$sH$ dmT>dbm.(OmYd, 2007)

2) S>m°.nmQ>rb OJÞmW {gVmam_ `m§Zr gZ 2000 _Üò amZS>o BpÝñQ>Q>çwQ> Am°\$ nwUoMo

OZg§nmXZ {d^mJmMo à_wI S>m°. Ho$db Hw$_ma `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr The New

economic policy and the press in India : A study of press reactions to the new

policy reforms `m {df`mda {edmOr {dÚmnrR>mg nrEM.S>r. gmR>r emoY à~§Y gmXa

Ho$bm Amho. `m emoYà~§YmV Ë`m§Zr

The press and the society in India.

The research design and methodology.

The new economic policy a backdate.

The press coverage of new economic policy

A content analysis.

Reactions of Indian press to NEP :

A critical analysis.

Indian press and Agenda setting theory.

Apprespective on the new economic policy `m KQ>H$m§À`m AZwf§JmZo g{dñVa

_m{hVr XoD$Z {ZîH$f© H$mT>bo AmhoV.(Patil, 2000)

3) àm.gm¡. gmi§wIo gw_oYm gO}amd, d¥ÎmnÌ{dÚm d g§dmXemñÌ {d^mJ {edmOr {dÚmnrR>,

H$moëhmnya `m§Zr _w{ÐV Am{U BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_mVrb ñWm{ZH$ ~mVå`m§Mo gmXarH$aU :

37

H$moëhmnya ehamVrb EH$ AÝdofUmË_H$ Aä`mg hm 2011 _Üò emoYn«~§Y gmXa Ho$bm

Amho.

`mV Ë`m§Zr X¡.gH$mi, X¡.bmoH$_V, X¡.nwT>mar, X¡.Ho$gar, X¡.bmoH$gÎmm, X¡._hmamï´>

Q>mB©åg `m d¥ÎmnÌmVrb ~mVå`m§~amo~aM AmH$medmUr, gm§Jbr d H$moëhmnya H|$Ð, ñWm{ZH$

M°Zob ~r d BVa Xya{MÌdmUr Ý`yO M°Zob _YyZ H$moëhmnya ehamVrb ñWm{ZH$ ~mVå`m§Mo

gmXarH$aU H$go Ho$bo OmVo `m~m~VMo {ZîH$f© _m§S>bo AmhoV.(gmiw§Io, 2011)

4) nmQ>rb VmZmOr VwH$mam_ `m§Zr èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> Zm{eH$À`m

J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ nXdr {ejUH«$_mgmR>r gZ 1985 Vo 2005 AIoa ^maVmVrb

bm`~«ar A°ÝS> BÝ\$m°a_oeZ gm`Ýg {df`mVrb nrEM.S>r. `mXr `m {df`mda gyMr àH$ën

gZ 2008-2009 _Üò {ddoH$mZ§X _hm{dÚmb`, H$moëhmnya òWo gmXa Ho$bm hmoVm.

`m gyMr àH$ënmV 2005 n ªV ^maVmV ghmeo AÇ>mdrg g§emoYH$m§Zr J«§Wmb`

Am{U _m{hVr emñÌmV nrEM.S>r. gmR>r g§emoYZ Ho$ë`mMr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho. hr gyMr

gmbmZwgma, {df`mZwgma, _mJ©Xe©H$mZwgma H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. `m gyMr àH$ënmgmR>r

J«§Wnmb Eg.~r. _moao `m§Zr _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo Amho.(nmQ>rb, 2008)

`m gyMr àH$ënmV {deof J«§Wmbò, d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr J«§Wmbò `m~m~V Pmboë`m

nrEM.S>r. Mr _m{hVr Imbrbà_mUo {Xbr Amho. naVw ho emoY n«~§Y g§emoYH$mg n«Ë`j

nmhUog {_imbo ZmhrV.

5) Mukhopadhya Kavita `m§Zr Dr. Barua Pulin `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr Bardhamna

Jelay Prakashit Samyik Patra Patrika Paniir Bishleshantmak sampeksha, 1960-

85. An Evaluative study of contemporary news papers and magazines in

vardhaman district 1960-85 `m {df`mda nrEM.S>r. Ho$br Amho. 1991 _Üò

Burdwan `m {dÚmnrR>mH$S>o emoY à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm Amho. (Mukhopadhyay, 1991)

6) Sasikala Chagari `m§Zr Industrial Libraries in Andhara Pradesh: A user study `m

{df`mdaVr 1992 _Ü o Andhra University Waltair Andhra Pradesh `m

{dÚmnrR>mV à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm hmoVm. Dr. Reddyk Siva `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr

38

Am§Y«àXoemVrb Am¡Úmo{JH$ g§ñWm§Mr J«§Wmbò `m {deof J«§Wmb`mda nrEM.S>r. Ho$br

Amho. (Chagari, 1992)

7) Pangannaya N. Balkrishna `m§Zr A study of the information retrieival systems

in social sciences and the design of model system for India `m {df`mda

University of mysore Krnataka {dÚmnrR>mV Talware V.G. `m§Mo _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr

à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm Amho. (Pangannaya, 1993)

8) Sarkhel Juran Krishna `m§Zr A General theory of information analysis for

secondary information work and services `m {df`mda 1993 _Üò Bhattachrya

G and Prabir Roy chudhury `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr Jadhavpur University west

Bungal `m {dÚmnrR>mV à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm Amho. (Sarkhel, 1993)

9) Saroja G `m§Zr A critical study of information seeking beheviour or madial

specialists in mudras city India `m {df`mda Naidu Guruswamy N. `m§À`m

_mJ©Xe©ZmImbr Shri. Venkateshwara University Tirapathi Andhra Pradesh `m

{dÚmnrR>mbm à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm Amho. (Saroja, 1993)

10) Baby M.D. `m§Zr Man power requriements of library and Information science

personal in special libraries and library and information science education with

special reference to Kerala `m {df`mda Bavakutty M. `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr

University of calicut Kerala `m {dÚmnrR>mg à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm Amho. (Baby, 1995)

11) Rani Sangita `m§Zr Human resources development needs as depicated by the

survey of automation of scienctific and technical libraries in India `m {df`mda

Malhan I.V. `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir

`m {dÚmnrR>mV nrEM.S>r. Ho$br Amho. (Rani, 1995)

12) Sharmu R. K. `m§Zr Impact of Computerization on the technical and users

services of special libraries formulation of the normus in Indian contex `m

39

{df`mda Prasher R.G. `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwa

vidyalay Sagar Madhya Pradesh `m {dÚmnrR>mV nrEM.S>r. Ho$br Amho. (Sharma,

1996)

13) Moralia P.V. `m§Zr Expertise and qualities required by special library staff in

India `m {df`mda 1997 bm Kamath V.A. `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr S.N.D.T.

Womens University Mumbai `m {dÚmnrR>mV nrEM.S>r. Ho$br Amho. (Moralia,

1997)

14) Ashraf Tariq `m§Zr Acquisition of documents in special libraries in India and

publishing trade : A study of problems and linkages `m {df`mda 2003 _Üò

Singh S.P. `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr University of Delhi `m {dÚmnrR>mV nrEM.S>r.

Ho$br Amho. (Asharaf, 2003)

15) Mathur Seema `m§Zr Resource sharing among special libraries of Indore `m

{df`mda Singh surender and sonal singh `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr Vikram

University Madhya Pradesh `m {dÚmnrR>mV 2004 _Üò nrEM.S>r. Ho$br Amho.

(Mathur, 2004)

16) Khot Namita Babasaheb `m§Zr A critical study of the University Grant

Commission's Contribution to the development of University Libraries in

Western India `m {df`mda S>m°.E_.~r.H$moÊUya `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr nwUo {dÚmnrR>mV

nrEM.S>r. Ho$br Amho.

`m emoY n«~§YmV Ë`m§Zr 27 {dÚmnrR>m§À`m J«§Wmb`mg w.Or.gr.Mo AZwXmZ {H$Vr

{_imbo Amho. `m J«§Wmb`m§Mr dmT> d {dH$mg `w.Or.gr.À`m _XVrZo H$gm Pmbm,

`m~m~VMr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho.

`m_Ü o _hmamï´>mVrb 18, Jmodm 1, JwOamV amÁ`mVrb 8 {dÚmnrR>mVrb

J«§Wmb`m§Mm Aä`mg Pmbm Amho. `m J«§Wmb`m§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r `w.Or.gr.Zo. _moR>o

`moJXmZ {Xbo Agë`mMm {ZîH$f© R>iH$nUo Z_yX Ho$bm Amho. (Khot, 2002)

40

17) Y_m©{YH$mar a_m, (X¡.bmoH$_V, J«§Wmb` Am¡a§Jm~mX) `m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m H$mÌU g§J«hmdaVr

S>m°.~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a _amR>dmS>m {dÚmnrR> Am¡a§Jm~mX òWo nrEM.S>r.gmR>r emoYà~§Y

gmXa Ho$bm Amho.

_hmamï´>mVrb {d{dY d¥ÎmnÌm§Zm J«§Wmb`mVyZ H$mÌUmÛmao H$er godm {Xbr OmVo

`m~m~VMr _m{hVr KoD$Z H$mÌU godoMo _hÎd `m J«§Wmb`mV H$go Amho ho Ë`m§Zr XmIdyZ

{Xbo Amho. (Y_m©{YH$mar, 2011)

18) Mohamad Taher (1978) : Newspaper as a source of Industrial information and

analitial study.

Ph.D. Disertation, Mysore University, 1978, Guide R. Shalimi.

(Mohamad, 1978)

2.4 E_.{\$b. Mo bKwemoY à~§Y

19) A_¥VH$a C_m àem§V `m§Zr nwUo d _w§~B© ehamVrb d¥ÎmnÌ J«§Wmb`mV _m{hVr g§àofU

V§ÌkmZmMm dmna `m {df`mda {Q>iH$ _hmamï> {dÚmnrR> nwUo _Ü o E_.{\$b. gmR>r gZ

2008-09 _Üò bKwemoY à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm Amho. `m {dÚmnrR>mMo _mOr J«§Wnmb

àm.S>m°.H$moÞya `m§Zr `m àH$ënmgmR>r _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo Amho.

`m bKwemoY à~§YmV nwUo, _§w~B© òWrb X¡. gH$mi, X¡.bmoH$_V, X¡.bmoH$gÎmm, X¡.

_hmamï´> Q>mB©åg, S>r.EZ.E., X¡.^mñH$a d X¡. g§Ü`mZ§X `m d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m J«§Wmb`mda

_m{hVrV§ÌkmZmMm à^md {H$VnV nS>bm Amho. Ë`m§Mo g§JUH$sH$aU A°Q>mo_oeZ {H$Vr Pmbo

`m~m~VMo {ZîH$f© H$mT>bo Amho. nwUo d _w§~B© _Yrb d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m 60 J«§Wmb`m§Mo

g§JUH$sH$aU Pmë`mMo {ZîH$f© `m emoY à~§YmV H$mT>UoV Ambo AmhoV.

(A_¥VH$a,2008)

20) nmQ>rb nr.~r. gXa Aä`mgH$ `m§Zr X{jU _hmamï´>mVyZ à{gÕ hmoUmè`m d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m

_m{hVr àgmaUmV d¥ÎmnÌr` J«§Wmb`mMo `moJXmZ `m {df`mda èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´>

41

_wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$gmR>r S>m°.Eg.E.BZm_Xma `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr gZ 2008 bKw

emoY à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm Amho.

X{jU _hmamï>mVrb X¡.nwT>mar, X¡.gH$mi, X¡.bmoH$_V, X¡.Ho$gar, X¡.EoŠ` `m

d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m _m{hVr g§àofUmV d¥ÎmnÌr` J«§Wmb`mMo `moJXmZ {H$VnV Amho ho emoYyZ

H$mT>bo Amho. X{jU _hmamï´>mVrb d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m _m{hVr g§àofUmV d¥ÎmnÌr` J«§Wmb`m§Mo

25Q>ŠHo$ `moJXmZ Amho. `m J«§Wmb`m_m\©$V H$mÌUgodm, àM{bV OmJéH$Vm godm, {ZdS>H$

_m{hVrMo àgmaU d BVa `m godm {Xë`mMo åhQ>bo Amho. (nmQ>rb, 2008)

21) Hw$bH$Ur© AnUm© `m§Zr èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> Zm{eH$ `m

{dÚmnrR>mÀ`m E_.{\$b. nXdrgmR>r _hmamï´>mVrb {ZdS>H$ AmH$medmUr J«§Wmb`m§Mm

Aä`mg `m {df`mda àm.S>m°.Z{_Vm ~m~mgmho~ ImoV (J§«Wnmb {ddoH$mZ§X H$m°boO,

H$moëhmnya) `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr gZ 2007 _Üò {dÚmnrR>mg bKwemoY à~§Y gmXa

Ho$bm Amho.

`m bKw à~§YmV Ë`m§Zr gm§Jbr, nwUo, OiJmd, aËZm{Jar, _w§~B©gh gmV

AmH$medmUr H|$ÐmVrb J«§Wmb`m§Mm (Q>on bm`~«ar) Aä`mg Ho$bm Amho. AmH$medmUrÀ`m

_m{hVr àgmaUmV `m Q>on bm`~«atZm AZÝ`gmYmaU _hÎd Agë`mMo Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m

{ZîH$fm©V åhQ>bo Amho. (Hw$bH$Uu, 2008)

22) Kami _{Zfm ¡adZmW `m§Zr X¡. gH$mi,H$moëhmnya Amd¥Îmr : EH$ {M{H$ËgH$ Aä`mg `m

{df`mda S>m°.gm¡._§{Oar am_ Hw$bH$Uu `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr èd§Vamd MìhdmU

_hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> Zm{eH$À`m E_.{\$b. (B{Vhmg) gmR>r bKwemoY à~§Y gZ

2009 _Üò gmXa Ho$bm Amho.

`m bKw emoY à~§YmV àñVmdZm, X¡.gH$mi H$moëhmnya Amd¥ÎmrMr gwadmV d

dmQ>Mmb, H$moëhmnya Amd¥ÎmrMo gm_m{OH$ H$m ©, amï´>r` AmnÎmr_Yrb H$m`© `mMr _m{hVr

{Xbr Amho. (Kami, 2009)

42

23) ZmQ>H$a g§{JVm eofamd `m§Zr Am¡a§Jm~mX òWrb X¡{ZH$ bmoH$_V J«§Wmb`mVrb _m{hVr

godm§Mm g§àofUmË_H$ Ñï>rZo Aä`mg `m {df`mda E_.{\$b. ({df` g§àofU) J«§Wmb` d

_m{hVremñÌ `m {df`mda èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> Zm{eH$ `m

{dÚmnrR>mH$S>o bKw emoY à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm Amho. S>m°.~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a _amR>dmS>m

{dÚmnrR>mVrb OZg§dmX d d¥ÎmnÌ {dÚm {d^mJmMo àmo\o$ga S>m°.{d_b Ymê$aH$a `m§À`m

_mJ©Xe©ZmImbr Ë`m§Zr hm g§emoYZ Ahdmb 2009 _Üò nyU© Ho$bm Amho.

`m AhdmbmV Ë`m§Zr J«§Wmb`mMo {Z`_, J«§Wmb`mMr g§H$ënZm, C{Ôï>o, gm{hË`

gd}jU, Am§Va {dÚmemIr` Ñ{ï>H$moZ, nWXe©H$ Aä`mg, KQ>H$m§Mr _m{hVr XoD$Z

{ZîH$fm©V J«§Wmb`mVrb _m{hVr godm§_wio X¡.bmoH$_VMr {dídmgmh©Vm dmTy>Z àW_

H«$_m§H$mMo ho X¡{ZH$ Pmë`mMo åhQ>bo Amho. (ZmQ>H$a, 2009)

2.5 E_. {b~ d BVa g§emoYZ àH$ën

24) JdB© g{dVm XodXmg : X¡.nwT>marÀ`m _m{hVr g§àofUm_Üò J«§Wmb`mMo `moJXmZ-EH$

Aä`mg, AàH$m{eV E_.{\$b. àH$ën èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>

Zm{eH$ (2001-2002)

darb àH$ënm_Ü o g§emoYH$mZo X¡. nwT>marÀ`m EHy$UM _m{hVr g§àofUm_Ü o òWrb

J«§Wmb`mMo {H$VnV `moJXmZ Amho `mMm Aä`mg Ho$bm Amho. `m_Ü o X¡.nwT>marV

H$moUH$moUË`m _mJm©Zo _m{hVr àmá hmoVo. Ë`mMm g§M` H$gm Ho$bm OmVmo d nwÝhm Vr _m{hVr

dmMH$m§n`ªV H$er nmohM{dbr OmVo d `m g§nyU© ^y{_Ho$V J«§Wmb`mMr y{_H$m H$m` Amho.

J«§Wmb` `m g§nyU© à{H«$òV H$moUH$moUË`m nmVirda H$m_ H$aVo `mMm gdmª{JU Aä`mg

g§emoYH$mZo Ho$bm Amho d X¡.nwT>marÀ`m èmV J«§Wmb`mMm dmQ>m _hÎdnyU© Amho. VgoM

_m{hVr g§àofUmV J«§Wmb`mMo `moJXmZhr AË`§V _hÎdmMo Amho Agm {ZîH$f© H$mT>bm

Amho. (JdB©, 2001)

43

25) K§Q>o à{XnHw$_ma ~m~wamd : gmobmnya ehamVyZ à{gÕ hmoUmè`m X¡.gH$mi d X¡.bmoH$_V `m§Mo

VwbZmË_H$ AÜ``Z, AàH$m{eV E_.{b~.Eñgr.n«H$ën, Zm{eH$: èd§Vamd MìhmU

_hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> 2005-2006.

`m àH$ënm_Üò X¡.gH$mi d X¡.bmoH$_V `m§Mo H$m_H$mO, {d{dY {d^mJ, J«§Wmb`

`m§Mm VwbZmË_H$ Aä`mg Ho$bm Amho. J«§Wmb`mH$Sy>Z {Xë`m OmUmè`m {d{dY godm§Mo

VwbZmË_H$ AÜ``Z Ho$bo Amho. (K§Q>o, 2005)

26) nmQ>rb `wdamO AÊUmgmho~ : X¡.gH$miMo J«§Wmb`, AàH$m{eV E_.{b~.Eñgr àH$ën

Zm{eH$ : èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> 2005-2006.

àñVwV àH$ënm_Üò g§emoYH$mZo X¡.gH$mi `m dV©_mZnÌmMm gdmª{JU Aä`mg

Ho$bm Amho. `m_Üò Ë`m§Mo {d{dY {d^mJ, J«§Wmb`mMr dV©_mZnÌm_Ü o Cn`wŠVVm,

J«§Wmb`, H$m_H$mO, J§«Wmb`mVrb dmMZ gm{hË`, J§«Wmb`mH$Sy>Z {Xë`m OmUmè`m godm

B.~m~r§Mm g_mdoe Amho. (nmQ>rb, 2005)

27) Jmo_H$a d¡embr X. : X¡. gH$mi d¥ÎmnÌmVrb nwñVH$ narjU : EH$ Aä`mg, AàH$m{eV

E_.{b~.Eñgr àH$ën, Zm{eH$ : èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> 2005-

2006.

gXa àH$ënm_Ü o g§emoYH$mZo X¡. gH$mi_Üò òUmè`m gáa§J nwadUr_Yrb

nwñVH$ n[ajUm§Mm Aä`mg H$aUo. J«§W àH$meH$, boIH$ Amnë`m nwñVH$m§Mm n[aM`

A{YH$m{YH$ dmMH$m§Zm ìhmdm `m hoVyZo ho J«§WdV©_mZnÌmH$S>o nmR>{dVmV d Vo J§«W

J«§Wmb`mVyZ {d{dY n[ajH$mH$S>o n[ajUmH$S>o nmR>{dbo OmVmV. hr J§«Wmb`mH$Sy>Z {Xbr

OmUmar godm `m àH$ënm_Ü o Aä`mgbr Amho.(Jmo_H$a,2005)

28) qeXo AZ§Vamd {eVb : X¡. bmoH$_V_Yrb gIr gmám{hH$ nwadUr EH$ Aä`mg,

AàH$m{eV E_.{b~.Eñgr n«H$ën, Zm{eH$: èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>

2005-2006.

44

gXa àH$ënm_Ü o g§emoYH$mZo X¡. bmoH$_VÀ`m nwadUrMm gdmªJrU Aä`mg Ho$bm

Amho. VgoM `m nwadUrgmR>r H$moUH$moUË`m _mÜ`_m§Mr Amdí`H$Vm bmJVo `mMmhr

Aä`mg Ho$bm Amho. `m_Üò J«§Wmb`, boIH$, dmVm©ha, \$moQ>moJ«m\$a d d¥ÎmnÌm§er g§§~§{YV

gd© {d^mJ `m§Mr _m{hVr Amho. `m nwadUrgmR>r J«§Wmb`mVyZ \$moQ>mo, _m{hVr, g§X^© B.

{Xbo OmVmV. (qeXo,2005)

29) Patil V.B. : Use of peridical in Vasantdada Sugar Institute Manjari (B.K.)

Pune. Unpublished M.Lib Dessertation Shivaji University, 1997.

ìhr.dm`.Eg.Mo J«§Wmb` ho {deof J«§Wmb` Amho. `m J§«Wmb`mV oUmè`m {d{dY

{Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mm dmna dmMH$ dJ© H$gm H$aVmV. VgoM Ë`m§Zm {d{dY g§X^© godm

Reprography service, inter Library, S.D.I.& C.A.S. B. godm H$em {Xë`m OmVmV

`m§Mm Aä`mg `m àH$ënm_Ü o Ho$bm Amho. (Patil, 1997)

30) nmQ>rb ea`w OZmX©Z : lr.^mñH$aamd OmYd dmMZmb`, H$moëhmnya : d¥ÎmnÌ dmMH$m§Mm

Aä`mg, AàH$m{eV E_.{b~.Eñgr àH$ën, Zm{eH$ : èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV

{dÚmnrR> 2005-2006.

`m àH$ënm_Üò `m dmMZmb`mVrb dmMH$m§À`m gd`r, JaOm `m§Mm Aä`mg

Ho$bm Amho d dmMH$ H$moUË`m dmMZ gm{hË`mMo dmMZ H$aVmV `mMmhr Aä`mg Ho$bm

Amho. (nmQ>rb, 2005)

31) _hmOZ Eg.S>r. : H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, H$moëhmnya J«§Wmb`mVrb {Z`VH$mbrH$m§Mm dmna,

EH$ Aä`mg, AàH$m{eV E_.{b~.Eñgr.àH$ën, Zm{eH$ : èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamîQ>

_wŠV {dÚmnrR> 2005-2006

`m àH$ënm_Ü o J«§Wmb`mVrb {Z`VH$mbrH$ {d^mJm_m\©$V H$moUH$moUË`m _m{hVr

godm {Xë`m OmVmV `mMm Aä`mg Ho$bm Amho. gmo~VM J«§Wmb`mVrb {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m

CnbãYr~m~Vhr AmT>mdm KoVbm Amho. {edm` {Z`VH$mbrH$m§Mm g§emoYZmgmR>r H$gm

Cn`moJ hmoVmo `mMmhr Aä`mg Ho$bm Amho. (_hmOZ, 2005)

45

32) àH$me ~d} `m§Zr Zm{eH$ ehamVrb d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m _m{hVrMo ñÌmoV EH$ Aä`mg `m {df`mda

àH$ën gmXa H$ê$Z d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo _m{hVr àgmaUmVrb `moJXmZ Xe©{dbo Amho. (~d},2005)

33) B§Jio gw{Zb _m{UH$amd `m§Zr AmH$medmUr AH$mobm H|$Ð J«§Wmb` EH$ Aä`mg {df`r

èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> Zm{eH$ `m {dÚmnrR>mVyZ AH$mobm H|$ÐmVyZ

J§«Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ {ZîUmV Aä`mgH«$_m§VJ©V àH$ën gmXa H$ê$Z AH$mobm oWrb

AmH$medmUr H|$ÐmÀ`m J«§Wmb`mMm Aä`mg Ho$bm Amho. `m Aä`mgm_Üò Ë`m§Zr

AmH$medmUr_Yrb BVa {d^mJmnojm Am{U _m{hVr àgmaUmnojm J«§Wmb`mMr OmJm,

J§«Wg§J«h, Q>ong§J«h, \${Z©Ma, Q>onMr aMZm, J«§Wmb`rZ godm `m{df`r Aä`mg Ho$bm Amho.

(B§Jio, 2007)

34) H$mio AbH$m Hw$_ma, `m§Zr Eb.Ama.Q>r. _hm{dÚmb` AH$mobm, _Yrb {dÚmÏ`mª_Üò

AgUmar d¥ÎmnÌ dmMÊ`mMr gd` `m {df`mda J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr emñÌ {ZîUmV

Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r emoY{Z~§Y èd§Vamd MìhmU _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$ òWo gmXa Ho$bm

Amho. Ë`mV Ë`m§Zr Ago åhQ>bo Amho H$s, {dÚmÏ`mª_Üò AgUmè`m d¥ÎmnÌ dmMZ gd`tMm

emoY KoD$Z Vr d¥ÎmnÌo H$moUË`m hoVyZo dmMbr OmVmV, H$moUVr d¥ÎmnÌo dmMZmV òVmV,

H$moUË`m d¥ÎmnÌmH$S>o Xwb©j hmoVo, d¥ÎmnÌ dmMVmZm {dÚmÏ`mªZm H$moUVm \$m`Xm hmoVmo,

Ë`m§Mr dmMZm{^ê$Mr dmT>Ê`mÀ`m Ñ{ï>Zo d¥ÎmnÌo H$er ghmæ` yV R>aVmV `mMm emoY KoVbm

Amho. (H$mio,2004)

35) V|S>mobH$a g§{Xn ê$nmOr : `m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo ~mOmanoR>r` YmoaU X¡.bmoH$_V gm§Jbr EH$

Aä`mg `m {df`mda E_.Oo.gr.nXdrgmR>r {edmOr {dÚmnrR>mbm gmXa Ho$bm Amho. Ë`mV

Ë`m§Zr Ago åhQ>bo Amho H$s, d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo ~mOmanoR>r` YmoaU R>a{dVmZm H$go Mm¡H$g ahm`bm

nm{hOo Am{U AmOÀ`m `m ñnYm©Ë_H$ `wJmV dV©_mZnÌmgmaIr _m{hVr Amnë`mbm H$moR>oM

{_iV Zmhr. (V|S>ybH$a, 1975)

36) BULAKH S.R. (1975) `m§Zr Newspaper libraries in Bombay and Poona. M.Lib

& I.Sc. Dissertation, Bombay University, 1975 gmXa Ho$bm Amho (Bulakh, 1975)

46

37) e|S>Jo lra§J _mê$Vr : `m§Zr H$moH$U H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m H¥${f emIoVrb {dÚm{W©ZtÀ`m

dmMZ{df`H$ gd`r~Ôb g_ñ`m§Mm Aä`mg `m {df`mda J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ

{ZîUmV Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r emoY{Z~§Y èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$

òWo gmXa Ho$bm Amho. Ë`m§Zr Ago åhQ>bo Amho H$s, hgV IoiV, ~wÕrbm VmZ Z XoVm kmZ

{_i{dUoMm gmYm gmonm _mJ© åhUOo d¥ÎmnÌdmMZ hr gd` _wbm§Zm KaÀ`m dmVmdaUmZo

bmJVo. dV©_mZnÌmZo _wbm§Mo Mm¡\o$a kmZ dmT>Vo. dV©_mZnÌ hr AmOÀ`m wJmMr X¡Z§{XZ

JrVm Amho. (e|S>Jo, 2003)

2.6 g§X © gm{hË`mMm AmT>mdm

1) am.Ho$.bobo `m§Zr {b{hboë`m _amR>r d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm B{Vhmg (H$m°pÝQ>ZoÝQ>b àH$meZ, nwUo,

{ÛVr` Amd¥Îmr 2004) `m J«§WmV EHy$U 21 àH$aUo {Xbr AmhoV.

`m_Ü o d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo nyd©O, ^maVr` g_mOOrdZ, ^maVmV d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm CX`, d¥ÎmnÌo

d emgZ, ^maVr` ^mfmVrb d¥ÎmnÌo, _amR>r d¥ÎmnÌ {ZKmbo. emgH$s` YmoaU, Ho$gar,

Ho$gar {Q>iH$mZ§VaMm, d¥ÎmnÌm§darb {Z~ªY, ~mVå`m d¥Îmg§ñWm, gaH$mar _m{hVr ImVo,

amOH$s` nÌH$m[aVoMo `wJ, XmoZ _hm`wÕm Xaå`mZ, d¥ÎmnÌmdarb {Z~ªY-2, gmám{hH$mMo

Zdo diU, _hm`wÕ Am{U ñdmV§Í` d Z§Va, d¥Îmg§ñWm, H$m`Xo Am{U {Z~ªY, Am{U~mUr

d¥ÎmnÌo Aer àH$aUm§Mr aMZm Amho.

`mV d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm B{Vhmg H$gm Amho Ë`m§Mm {dH$mg H$gm hmoV Jobm `mMm AmT>mdm

KoUoV Ambm Amho. `m g§X^© J«§Wm§Mr àW_ Amd¥Îmr 1984 bm {ZKmbr Amho. Ë`m_wio

1970 n`ªVMr _amR>r d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr _m{hVr `mg B{Vhmg ê$nmZo XoUoV Ambr Amho. _amR>r

^mfo_Yrb _m¡brH$ g§X^©J«§W åhUyZ `mH$S>o nm{hbo OmVo. 1135 n¥ð>m§Mm hm J«§W Amho.

(bobo,2004)

_amR>r d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm B{Vhmg d {dH$mg `m àH$aU VrZgmR>r hm J«§W Cn`wŠV R>abm

Amho.

47

2) _hmamï´>mVrb EH$ VéU nÌH$ma Am{U à{e{jV d¥Îm{dÚm, JwUd§V H${d{`Ìr S>m°.{Z{eJ§Ym

ì`dhmao `m§Zr {b{hboë`m nÌH$m[aVm ê$n Am{U ñdê$n ({MÝ_` àH$meZ, Am¡a§Jm~mX

Am°JñQ> 2009) hm N>moQ>oImZr g§X^©J«§W Amho. `m J«§WmV gmoim àH$aUo {Xbr AmhoV. `mV

nÌH$m[aVoMo ñdê$n, d¥ÎmnÌ nÌH$ma Am{U nÌH$m[aVm, d¥ÎmnÌmMo g§nmXZ, d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo

AJ«boI, d¥ÎmnÌmMr a{ddma nwadUr: ñdê$n Am{U g§nmXZ, dmL>_`rZ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$

nÌH$m[aVm, BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ nÌH$m[aVm, g§gXr` nÌH$m[aVm, emoY nÌH$m[aVm, {gZo nÌH$m[aVm

({MÌnQ> ZmQ>ç), H«$sS>m nÌH$m[aVm, {dkmZ nÌH$m[aVm, n`m©daU nÌH$m[aVm, H¥${f

nÌH$m[aVm, Amamo½` nÌH$m[aVm, _wbmIV Aem gmoim àH$aUm§Mm `mV g_mdoe Amho. `m

gd© àH$aUmV nÌH$m[aVm åhUOo H$m` gm§JyZ {d{dY joÌmV Vr H$em nÕVrZo Agbr

`m~m~VMr _m{hVr XoUoV Ambr Amho. 118 n¥ð>m§Mm hm J«§W Amho. `m J«§Wmg

S>m°.~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a _amR>dmS>m {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m OZg§dmX d d¥ÎmnÌ{dÚm {d^mJmMo

{d^mJ à_wI S>m°.gwYra JìhmUo `m§Zr àñVmdZm {Xbr Amho. Ë`m§Zr àñVmdZoV XmoZeo

dfm©Mm d¥ÎmnÌ g¥ï>rMm B{Vhmg, ^maVmVrb dV©_mZ nÌg¥ï>r, _mÜ`_mV Xhm bmI

ZmoH$è`m§Mr g§Yr d `m J«§Wm{df`r _m{hVr {Xbr Amho. (ì`dhmao, 2009)

3) nmQ>U òWrb ~mimgmho~ XogmB© _hm{dÚmb`mMo _mOr J«§Wnmb E.ìhr.Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr _amR>r

nÌH$m[aVm (àH$meZ gwIXm gm¡a^ àH$meZ nmQ>U, {O.gmVmam E{àb 2004) hm 111

nmZm§Mm J«§W {b{hbm Amho. `m J«§WmV 8 àH$aUm§Mm g_mdoe Amho. `m_Üò _amR>r

nÌH$m[aVm {dh§J_mdbmoH$Z, X{jU _hmamï>mVrb nÌ, na§nam, d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo àH$meZ,

dmVm©boIZ Am{U g§nmXZ, J«m_rU nÌH$m[aVm Am{U OZg§nH©$, dmVm©boI, ñV§ boI d

nwadUr g§nmXZ, ÑH$lmì` àgma_mÜ`_o, nÌH$m[aVm Am{U H$m`Xm Aer àH$aUo AmhoV.

_w§~B© òWrb lr._mYd JS>H$ar `m§Zr `m J«§Wmg àñVmdZm {Xbr Amho. `m_Ü o

Ë`m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌm§Zm gw mo½` _mJ©Xe©Z, Vm§{ÌH$ _m{hVr d EHy$U g§nmXZ `m~m~V Amnbr _Vo

ì`ŠV Ho$br AmhoV. (Xoenm§S>o, 2004)

48

4) \$bQ>U, {O.gmVmam oWrb a{d§Ð ~oS>H$shmi `m§Zr _hmamï´> nÌH$ma H$ë`mU {ZYr `m

g§ñWoÀ`m dVrZo gwdU© _hmoËgdr _hmamï´> d¥ÎmnÌ Jm¡adJ«§W gßQ>|~a 2010 _Üò àH$m{eV

Ho$bm Amho. 300 nmZm§À`m `m g§X^© J«§WmV aqdÐ ~oS>H$shmi `m§Zr 178 dfm©Mr _amR>r

nÌH$m[aVm eVH$moÎma A_¥V _hmoËgd Amobm§Sy>Z Zì`m àJë^ diUmda hm {deof boI

{b{hbm Amho. VgoM Áòð> nÌH$ma gwaoe ÛmXerdma `m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m aoQ>çm_wioM g§ wŠV

_hmamï´> bT>çmg ~i {_imbo. {XZy aU{Xdo `m§Zr g§ wŠV _hmamï´> Am§XmobZmVrb nÌH$ma

gh^mJmMm AÜ`m`, A.e.D$\©$ ~~Zamd jragmJa `m§Zr g§nwïmV _hmamï´> MidirVrb

nÌH$ma d d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo `moJXmZ hm {deof boI {b{hbm Amho.

`m J«§WmV gwdU© _hmoËgdr _hmamï´> d¥ÎmnÌ `m nmZmda gÜ`mÀ`m AmKmS>rMr

d¥ÎmnÌo, gmám{hHo$, _m{gH$m§Mr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho. (~oS>{H$hmi,2010)

5) `m J«§WmV n¥ð> 68 da Ho$garMo g§nmXH$ Am{U {Q>iH$ _hmamï´> {dÚmnrR>mMo Hw$bJwé

S>m°.{XnH$ O.{Q>iH$ `m§Zr bmoH${hV OnUmam amï´>r` R>odm "Ho$gar' hm _hÎdnyU© boI

{b{hbm Amho. Vo boImÀ`m gwédmVrgM {b{hVmV H$s,

Ho$gar d _amR>m `m XmoÝhr d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr eVH$moÎma am¡ß`_hmoËgdr dmQ>Mmb åhUOo

^m{fH$ d amï´>r` d¥ÎmnÌ g¥ï>rVrb Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmoZoar KQ>Zm Amho. bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$m§Zr

ñdmV§Í` bT>çmV `m XmoÝhr d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm bmoH$OmJ¥VrH$[aVm AñÌ åhUyZ dmna Ho$bm. amï´>r`

d¥ÎmnÌmV àm_mÊ` åhUyZ AZwgamdr AerM `m d¥ÎmnÌmMr d«VñW nU IS>Va dmQ>Mmb.

amï´>{hV d bmoH${hV S>moù`mg_moa R>odyZ d¥ÎmnÌ g¥ï>rbm _mJ©Xe©H$ R>aUmao ho X¡{ZH$.

AJ«boImMm T>>mMm, d¡Mm[aH$ MMm©, _V ñdmV§Í`, bmoH$OmJ¥Vr, bmoH$emhrMr _yëò, gd©

gm_mÝ`m§À`m àíZm§Zm dmMm, bmoH${ejU, bmoH$_VmMm AmXa, amÁ`H$Ë`mªZm {Xem d ~§YZ

KmbUmao gmYZ, Agm amï´>r` VgoM ^m{fH$ d¥ÎmnÌg¥ï>rMm nm`m Ho$gar d _amR>mZo KmVbm

Amho.({Q>iH$, 2010)

Vo nwT>o {b{hVmV H$s, Ho$garÀ`m `m eVmãXr nyd© d eVH$moÎma am¡ß` _hmoËgdr

dmQ>MmbrMm _r EH$ gmWrXma. gwédmVrbm EH$ H$m`©H$Vm© åhUyZ Am{U Z§Va {dídñV

49

g§nmXH$ d gaì`dñWmnH$ åhUyZ H$m`© H$aÊ`mMo ^m½` _bm bm^bo. Joë`m 25 dfm©Vrb

Ho$garÀ`m MT>CVmamV _r gh^mJr Amho. Ë`m§Zr Ho$gar _amR>mMm B{Vhmg, {dH$mg

dmQ>Mmb, g§nmXH$ ì`dñWmnH$ dmX, Ho$gar _amR>m g§ñWm : EH$ Midi Zdo `wJ,

{dídñV g§ñWm d ì`dgm`, {ZîH$m_ H$_© moJr hmM AmYma `m _wÚm§Ûmao 69 Vo 77 Agm

ZD$ nmZm§Mm _hÎdnyU© boI {b{hbm Amho. ({Q>iH$, 2010)

6) gwdU© _hmoËgdr _hmamï´> d¥ÎmnÌ Jm¡ad J«§W `m nwñVH$mV X¡{ZH$ bmoH$_V (nwUo) Mo g§nmXH$

{dO` ~mdrñH$a `m§Zr n¥ð> H«$_m§H$ 293 Vo 300 bmoH$_V : bmoH$_mÝ` bmoH$Zm`H$ hm 8

nmZr boI {b{hbm Amho. Vo `m boImÀ`m n{hë`mM n[aÀN>oXmV {b{hVmV H$s, EH$ nwar

gmMo~§X nÌH$m[aVobm N>oX XoD$Z Zì`m, VmÁ`m, AmYw{ZH$ JVr_mZ nÌH$m[aVobm OÝ_ XoUmao

"bmoH$_V' ho AmO amÁ`mVrb n«W_ H«$_m§H$mMo d¥ÎmnÌ Amho. gm_m{OH$ Ý`m`mgmR>r

Cno{jVm§À`m CÚmZmgmR>r nÌH$m[aVm H$aUmè`m bmoH$_VZo H$mimMo ^mZhr R>odbo Amho.

Ë`m_wioM ZdnÌH$m[aVoMm dgm ñdrH$maboë`m bmoH$_VZo Zoh_rM _mÜ`_ joÌmV hmoUmè`m

àË oH$ ~Xbmbm gH$mamË_H$ à{VgmX {Xbm Amho. Ë`m_wioM _mÜ`_ H«$m§VrÀ`m wJmVhr

bmoH$_VMr X_Xma dmQ>Mmb gwê$ Amho. (~mdrñH$a,2010)

`m_Ü o Ë`m§Zr bmoH$_VMm B{Vhmg {dH$mg, bmoH$_VMo g§ñWmnH$

ñd.OdmhabmbOr XS>m© `m§Mo H$m`© d `moJXmZ bmoH$_VÀ`m {d{dY Amd¥Î`m `m§Mr _m{hVr

{Xbr Amho.

7) lr.{dO` ~mdrñH$a `m§Zr bmoH$_V ~m~V n¥ð> 299 da {b{hbo Amho H$s, g§nyU©

amÁ`âmVrb Amnë`m dmVm©ham§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ bmoH$_V àËòH$ KQ>Zm dmMH$m§n`ªV

nmohM{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo. {dX^m©Vrb N>moQ>çmem IoS>çmV, H$moëhmnyaÀ`m gr_m ^mJmV

qH$dm H$moH$UÀ`m {H$Zmè`mda KS>bobr KQ>Zmhr dmMH$m§n`ªV nmohM{dÊ`mMo H$m_ bmoH$_V

H$aVmo. `m _mÜ`_mVyZ AZoH$ AÝ`m`J«ñVm§Zm Ý`m` {_idyZ XoÊ`mMo H$m_ bmoH$_VZo Ho$bo

Amho. bmoH$_VÀ`m d¥ÎmmÀ`m AmYmao {dYmZg^m Am{U {dYmZ n[afXoV àíZ {dMmabo

OmVmV. àemgH$s` §ÌUobm YŠH$m _maÊ`mMo, Ë`mbm JVr XoÊ`mMo H$m_ bmoH$_VZo Ho$bo

50

Amho. bmb\$sVemhrV AS>H$boë`m {dH$mgñWmZr _moH$io H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ bmoH$_VZo Ho$bo

Amho. (~mdrñH$a,2010)

8) `mM J«§WmV X¡.gH$mi nwUo Mo lrH$m§V H$mÌo `m§Zr gH$mi _mÜ`_ g_whm~m~V 7 nmZm§_Üò

boIZ Ho$bo Amho. `mV X¡.gH$mi, X¡. A°J«modZ, gH$miMm {dñVma, dmQ>Mmb, JwUdÎmm

dmT>rgmR>r à`ËZ. gmám{hH$ gH$mi, gm_ Xya{MÌdmUr Ë`m§Mr dmQ>Mmb `m~m~V _m{hVr

{Xbr Amho. Ë`m§Zr {b{hbo Amho H$s,

_hmamï´>mVrb d XoemVrb nÌH$m[aVoV doJim _mnX§S> {Z_m©U H$ê$Z X¡.gH$miZo

XoemÀ`m nÌH$m[aVoV {Xbobo `moJXmZ _hÎdmMo Amho. d¥ÎmnÌ åhUyZ dmQ>Mmb H$arV gH$mi

_mÜ`_ g_yh åhUyZ AmVm `m X¡{ZH$m§Mm doby _hmamîQ´>mnwaVm _`m©{XV Z amhVmAm§Vaamï´>r`

nmVirda nmohMbm Amho. _VnÌm§Zm Iè`m AWm©Zo d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo ñdê$n XoUmao n{hbo X¡{ZH$

åhUyZ gH$mi Mo `m amÁ`mV Am{U XoemV AmJio _hÎd Amho. X¡{ZH$mV amÌnmirMr

Am{U n`m© mZo VmÁ`m ~mVå`m XoÊ`mMr àWm gH$miZo gwê$ Ho$br. 1 OmZodmar 1932 amoOr

gH$miMm n{hbm A§H$ à{gÕ Pmbm. {VWnmgyZ AmOn`ªV 78 dfm©À`m H$mimV gH$miZo

KoVbobr Pon gr{_V H$aUmar Amho. (H$mÌo,2010)

9) Áòð> {dYrVÁk ZmZr nmbIrdmbm `m§Zr {b{hboë`m dwB© {X ZoeZ `m 297 nmZr J«§WmV

am_ZmW Jmo §H$m d d¥ÎmnÌ ì`dgm` Ago XmoZ boI AmhoV. (n¥¥ð> H«$.262 Vo 269)

`mVrb àH$aU Mm¡Xm d¥ÎmnÌ ì`dgm` `m_Üò am_ZmW Jmo §H$m {df`r Vo

{b{hVmV, am_ZmWOr EH$m d¥ÎmnÌ g_whmMo g§MmbH$ hmoVo Am{U Ë`m`moJo O~aXñV gm_Ï ©

{Zð>md§V ZmJ[aH$m§À`m H$V©ì` ^mdZoZo Ë`m§Zr XoemÀ`m ^ë`mgmR>r dmnabo. amÁ`H$Ë`mªMm

amOrIwer g§nmXZ H$aÊ`mMm bmMmanUm d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr H$YrM XmIdVm H$m_m Zò Aer

Ë`m§Mr YmaUm hmoVr. bmoH$emhrMo nhmaoH$ar hoM d¥ÎmnÌmMo {Z`V H$V©ì` hmo , Ago Vo

_mZV. YrQ> Am{U {Z:njnmVr Ý`m`g§ñWoà_mUo YrQ> Am{U {Z:njnmVr d¥ÎmnÌ ì`dgm`

g_mOmMr _m¡{bH$ godm H$aVmo ho Ë`m§À`m OrdZmMo gyÌ hmoVo. (nmbIrdmbm,1997)

Vo nwT>rb n[aN>oXm_Üò Am{U~mUr_Yrb EH$ AmR>dU gm§JVmZm {b{hVmV,

51

H$moUË`mhr àH$maÀ`m gaH$mar AÝ`m`m{dê$Õ am_ZmWOr IdiyZ CR>V. ~ZmªS>

bopìhZ `m§À`mà_mUo am_ZmWOrhr åhUV, _mÂ`m EH$m R>moemgaer Hw§$nZmÀ`m Vmam J§OyZ

OmVrb,XJS>r q^Vr Imbr H$mogiVrb Am{U Owb_r gÎmmYmè`m§Mr qghmgZo H$mogiy

bmJVrb. AmUr~mUr_Ü o ~hþVoH$ d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr d {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Zr gaH$manwT>o eaUmJVr

ñdrH$mabobr AgVmZm \$ma_moR>r qH$_V XoD$Z am_ZmWOtZr Amnbo _V ñdmV§Í` A~m{YV

amIbo. `mMm gyS> åhUyZ gaH$maZo am_ZmWOtda Am{U Ë`mÀ`m d¥ÎmnÌm§da {Za{Zamù`m

Ý`m`mb`m_Ü o XmoZeo IQ>bo XmIb Ho$bo. `m_wio gaH$maMrM à{V_m H$m`_Mr H$b§{H$V

Pmbr. hm AgønUm am_ZmWOtZr em§VnUo gmogbm. Vo _wirM Jm|YiyZ dm Jm§Jmê$Z Jobo

ZmhrV. (nmbIrdmbm,1997)

10) Mm¡Wm AmYmañV§ `m boImV (n¥ð> H«$.265) ZmZr nmbIrdmbm {b{hVmV H$s, d¥ÎmnÌ

ì`dgm`mbm AënmdYrV Oo O~aXñV gm_Ï`© àmá Pmbo Amho Vo OJmÀ`m B{VhmgmV

Xwgè`m EImÚmbm ¹${MVM bm^bo Agob. d¥ÎmnÌo hr 20 ì`m eVH$mMr \$ma _moR>r eŠVr

Amho. `m ì`dgm`mbm ^{dî`mV bmÛmao dmT>Vo _hÎd bjmV KoD$Z {S>gmam`br `m§Zr

bmoH$gÎmmH$ amÁ`ì`dñWoMm Mm¡Wm AmYmañV§ Ago d¥ÎmnÌ ì`dgm`mMo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho.

(nmbIrdmbm,1997)

_mUgmbm OodT>m àmUdm y Amdí`H$ AgVmo VodT>mM d¥ÎmnÌm§Zm _VñdmV§Í`.

_VñdmV§Í`mÀ`m A{YH$mam{edm` IamIwam d¥ÎmnÌ ì`dgm` {Q>Hy$M eH$V Zmhr. d¥ÎmnÌ

ñdmV§Í`m{edm` bmoH$emhr {ZaW©H$ R>aVo.

d¥ÎmnÌ ñdmV§Í`m{df`r XmoZ CXmhaUo {Xbr AmhoV. Vr nwT>rb à_mUo Vo {b{hVmV.

Joë`m _hm`wÕmÀ`m (1941-45) {dÝñQ>Z M{M©b `m§Mo CXmhaU _bm AmR>dbo.

B§½b§S>Mo n§VàYmZ åhUyZ d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm AmdmO ~§X nmS>Ê`mMo â_gmR> A{YH$ma Ë`m§Zm

bm^bo hmoVo. B§½b§S> Ë`mdoir Amnë`m ApñVËdmgmR>r àmUnUmZo Pw§OV hmoVo. d¥ÎmnÌm§Zm

Amnë`mda Q>rH$m H$am`bm M{M©b `m§Zr _w m {Xbr._mëH$_ _R>m[aO `m§À`mgmaIo I§Xo

nÌH$ma Amnë`m g^m§_YyZ n§VàYmZmÀ`m YmoaUmMo dm^mS>o H$mT>rV hmoVo. MwH$sÀ`m

52

_m{hVrda AmYmaboë`m `m Q>rHo$bm Vwåhr Wm§~dm. Ago {_Ìm§Zr Am{U {_Ìamï´>m§Zr M{M©b

`m§Zm gwM{dbo. na§Vy Vgo H$am`bm M{M©b `m§Zr gm\$ ZH$ma {Xbm. XoemMo ApñVËd

YmoŠ`mV Ambobo AgVmZmhr B§½b§S> gmaIo bmoH$gËVmH$ amï´> d¥ÎmnÌ ñdmV§Í`mMr H$Xa

H$aVo. ho OJmbm nhm`bm {_imdo, Ago Vo åhUmbo (n¥ð> 265)

Vo nwT>rb EH$m n[aÀN>oXmV Am{e`m I§S>mVrb d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m ñdmV§Í`m~m~V Vo

{b{hVmV H$s,

g§ wŠV amï´> g§KmMo gÜ`m 159 gXñ` AgyZ Ë`m gdmªZr _mZdr

A{YH$mamg§~§YrÀ`m OmJ{VH$ KmofUmnÌmda ñdmjè`m Ho$boë`m AmhoV. Ë`m

KmofUmnÌmVrb 19 ì`m H$b_mV d¥ÎmnÌ ñdmV§Í`mMr h_r {Xbobr Amho. na§Vy ~è`mM

Xoem§_Üò g¡Õm§{VH$ _mÝ`Vm Am{U àË`j H$m ©dmhr `mV V\$mdV {XgyZ òVo. `m 159

Xoem§n¡H$s Ad¿`m drg Q>ŠHo$ XoemVM IaoIwao d¥ÎmnÌ ñdmV§Í` ApñVËdmV Amho. Ë`m

^m½`dmZ drg Q>ŠHo$ Xoem§_Üò Amnë`m ^maVmMmhr g_mdoe Amho. OnmZ, ^maV,

BñÌm`b, Am{U AmVm nm{H$ñVmZ ho Mma Xoe dJibo Va Am{e`m I§S>mVë`m BVa gd©

Xoem_Üò d¥ÎmnÌ ñdmV§Í`mMm A^mdM AmT>iVmo. (nmbIrdmbm,1997)

d¥ÎmnÌ ì`dgm` hm ì`mnma Zìho, Vmo EH$ ì`dgm` Amho Am{U `m ì`dgm`mV

nÏò d _yëò nmibr nm{hOo. Aem _VmMo ZmZr nmbIrdmbm AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr `m~m~V

OmJ{VH$ nmVirdarb XmoZ CXmhaUo {Xbr AmhoV. Vo Imbrbà_mUo -

amï´>mÜ`j ê$PdoëQ> `m§Zm nmo{bAmoZo JmR>bo Am{U Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm MmbVmZm

H$moUmMmhr AmYma KoUo Amdí`H$ ~Zbo. H$mhrhr N>mnm`bm AmOÀ`m d¥ÎmnÌmBVH$sM Ë`m

H$mimVrb d¥ÎmnÌohr _moH$ir hmoVr. Hw$~S>çm KoD$Z qH$dm H$moUmÀ`m Var Im§Úmda hmV

R>odyZ ê$PdoëQ> MmbV AmhoV,Aer N>m`m{MÌo Vr d¥ÎmnÌo ghOM n«{gÕ H$ê$ eH$br

AgVr. EH$m _moR>çm amï´>mMm ZoVm åhUyZ ê$PdoëQ> `m§Mo Zmd Ë`m H$mimV gd©Ì JmOV

hmoVo. na§Vy EH$mhr d¥ÎmnÌmZo Hw$~S>çm KoD$Z MmbUmè`m ê$PdoëQ>Mo N>m`m{MÌ à{gÕ Ho$bo

53

Zmhr. ê$PdoëQ> Cô Agbobo qH$dm ~gbobo AmhoV. AerM N>m`m{MÌo Voìhm à{gÕ hmoV.

d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m AmË_{dMmam§_wioM ho hmoV hmoVo.

AmUIr EH$ CXmhaU -

h°am°ëS> {dëgZ Voìhm B§½b§S>Mo n§VàYmZ hmoVo Am{U Cnn§VàYmZ hmoVo ~mD$Z. Vo

Ho$ìhmhr _ÚnmZ H$arV. EH$Xm Vo g§gX^dZmVyZ ~mhoa nS>VmZm A{V[aŠV _ÚnmZm_wio

Vmob OmD$Z Imbr nS>bo. ^modVmbÀ`m bmoH$m§Zr Ë`m§Zm CMbbo Am{U _moQ>marV ZoD$Z

R>odbo. Aer gZgZmQ>r N>m`m{MÌo N>mnÊ`mMm B§½b§S>_Yrb N>moQ>çm AmH$mamÀ`m d¥ÎmnÌm§Zm

ZmXM OS>bm Amho. na§Vy Amnbo Cnn§VàYmZ ì`gZmYrZVo_wio Imbr nS>ë`mMo N>m`m{MÌ

à{gÕ H$aUo "Q>mB©åg' bm àeñV dmQ>bo Zmhr. dmMH$m§À`m {ZH¥$ï> A{^ê$Mrbm ImÚ

nwa{dUmar Aer N>m`m{MÌo à{gÕ H$am`Mr ZmhrV Ago AmnU hmoD$Z R>a{dbo Amho, Agm

Q>mB©ågZo XmoZ {Xdgm§Zr g§nmXH$s` Iwbmgm Ho$bm. Q>mB©ågZo Agohr {b{hbo, _ÚnmZ Z

H$aUmè`m {dëgZ `m§À`mnojm _ÚnmZ H$aUmao ~«mD$Z nadS>bo. OmJ{VH$ »`mVrÀ`m

d¥ÎmnÌmMo ho AmË_{Z`_Z àe§gZr` _mZbo nm{hOo. (nmbIrdmbm,1997)

11) _mo~mB©b ñdñV...... ^mH$ar _hmJ ..... hm 190 nmZm§Mm J«§W H$ï>H$ar g_mOmMo ZoVo

A°S>.Ho$.S>r.qeXo `m§Zr {b{hbm Amho. Ë`m§Zr {d{dY d¥ÎmnÌmV dmMH$m§Mr nÌo {b{hbr

hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m gw_mao nmdUo Mmaeo Mm§Jë`m d XO}Xma nÌm§MoM g§H$bZ `m nwñVH$mV Amho.

`m nwñVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrbmM _ZmoJVmV Vo d¥ÎmnÌmMo _hÎd {deX Ho$bo Amho.

(qeXo,2010)

Ë`m§Zr H$m_Jma H$ï>H$ar, eoVH$ar `m§Mo CnmofU d Am§XmobZ, A§YlÕm, ~hþOZ

g_mO, Ý`m`ì`dñWm, àemgZ, H$m`Xm d gwì`dñWm, amOH$maU, _hmJmB©, Am{W©H$

YmoaUo, nmUr, drO, {ejU, ghH$ma, «ï>mMma, gm{hË`, gm_m{OH$, ñWm{ZH$ d BVa

Aem gVam àH$aUm§_Üò `m nÌm§Mo {d^mOZ Ho$bo Amho. `m nmdUo Mmaeo nÌm§Mr XIb

gH$mi, nwT>mar, Ho$gar, bmoH$_V, bmoH$gÎmm, _hmamï´> Q>mB©åg `m d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr KoD$Z Ë`mg

54

Mm§Jbr à{gÕr {Xbr Amho. Ë`m Ë`m nÌmÀ`m à{gÕrMr VmarI d d¥ÎmnÌmMo Zmdhr `m

nwñVH$mVrb Ë`m Ë`m nÌmImbr Amho.

{ejUm{df`rÀ`m nÌì`dhmamV Vo {b{hVmV, \$ŠV Y{ZH$m§ZrM {eH$mdo H$m`?

(X¡.nwT>mar 10/06/2003) {ejUmMm ~mOmaM {H$\$m`Vera, {dÚmYZ Zìho

{dÚm{dH«$s, ImOJr {dÚmnrR>o ~hþOZmg _maH$ {eHo$b Vmo {Q>Ho$b Zìho {Q>Ho$b Vmo {eHo$b,

_mg EÁ`wHo$eZ EodOr Šbmg EÁ`wHo$eZ, nJmadmT> hoM e¡j{UH$ YmoaU>? Am{W©H$

CbmT>mbrda ZmoH$è`m {_i{dë`mZ§Va XOm© H$gm Agob døm§da ZQ> ZQ>çmM H$m? {ejU

joÌmMr emoMZr` AdñWm. (qeXo,2010)

ZmQ>H$a g§{JVm eofamd `m§Zr bmoH$_V J«§Wmb`mVrb _m{hVr godm§Mm g§àofUmË_H$

Ñï>rZo Aä`mg `m {df`mda E_.\$sb. gmR>r `.M._w.{dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$ `m {dÚmnrR>mg

emoY à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm Amho. `mV H$mhr d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m H$m`m©~m~VMr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho.

Ë`mVrb H$mhr g§X^© Ago. na§Vy ho J§«W g§emoYH$mg àË`j nhmd`mg {_imbo Zmhr.

12) dmaoZ Ho$.E. `m§Zr EH$ J«§W g§nmXZ Ho$bm Amho. Ë`m_Üò ghm boI AmhoV. Ë`mVrb

_hÎdmMo n¡bw Ago.

A) d¥ÎmnÌ ì`dñWm hm g§H«$_UmVyZ d g§H$Q>mVyZ OmV Amho.

Am) d¥ÎmnÌ d emgZ `mVrb g§Kfm©V gË` H$moU gm§JVmo Amho Vo nm{hbo nm{hOo.

B) gm_{OH$ n[adV©ZmÀ`m wJmV _mÜ`_m§Zm _hÎdmMr H$m_{Jar ~Omdmd`mMr Amho.

B©) {MÌdmUr _mÜ`_mV M_H$Ë`m dmVm©ham§Mo Zd`wJ Pmbo Amho.

C) A§eH$mbrZ dmVm©ham§Mo H$m`© dmT>V Amho.

`m J«§WmÀ`m àñVmdZoV àm.A°Jr åhUVmV, The media must help to keep our

democratic society viable and stung in a rapid mung world agree wamer K.

Mass media in a true souly ox for IBM. New Delhi. (Waren, 1979)

13) PH.L. Pearson `m§Zr g§nm{XV Ho$bobm Dear Editor hm J«§W _hÎdmMm Amho. `m_Üò

Q>mBåg `m _m{gH$mV dmMH$m§Mr 1923-1984 `m H$mimV {b{hboë`m nÌm§Mm g_mdoe

Amho. `m J«§WmVrb àñVmdZoV åhQ>bo Amho. 1923 gmbr Q>mB_ nÌm§Mm OÝ_ Pmbm

55

Ë`mdoir nÌo {bhÿZ bmoH$ ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$aV AgV. Writing a letter to the editor of

time took on all the aspects and natural fad. amï´>r` OrdZmVrb gd© n¡by§Zm ñne©

H$aUmao {df` Ë`mV AmhoV. Ë`m_Ü o 25 n¡by§Mm g_mdoe Amho. (Pearson, 1982)

14) The Printed work gk. hm David A. Katkar R. Chand L.Kalekar `m§Mm J«§W AgyZ

Ë`mV 3 ^mJ d 13 àH$aUo AmhoV. eãXm§Mr {Z{_©Vr g§{hVm _wÐU VgoM ì`mdgm{`H$

_wÐU, Ahdmb d¥ÎmnÌo, nU©n{ÌH$m BË`mXtMr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho. ~wbo{Q>Z AWdm

dmVm©nÌo àH$m{eV H$aVmZm ¿`md`mMr H$miOr hr _mobmMr AgVo. Ë`mV _m{hVr AMyH$

hdr VgoM _mñQ> hoS>Mm AmH$maUr R>a{dbobm Agmdm d Ë`mMr _m§S>Ur g_m§Va hdr.

(Devid & Other, 1985)

15) Am{e`m I§S>mVrb d¥ÎmnÌm§Zm {Xë`m OmUmè`m CËnmXZ d godm§Mr _m{hVr Asia's News

Papers on electronic information product all same off: `m g§Ho$V ñWimda {Xbr

Amho. Ë`m_wio J{V_mZ wJm_Üò d¥ÎmnÌm§Zm {dídmgmh© _m{hVrÀ`m AmYmao H$m`© H$aUo gmono

hmoV Amho. (www.anp)

16) {~«Q>re bm`~«ar, Ý yOnong© `m g§Ho$VñWimda d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m _m{hVr godm§Mm Vnerb {Xbm

Amho. Ë`m_Üò \°$Šg, XyaÜdZr, B©-_ob BË`mXr àJV V§ÌmMm dmna Ho$bm OmV Amho.

Ë`m_Ü o nwT>rb godm§Mr Zm|X AmT>iVo. (www.bln )

Reading rooms and information service.

New! Ramify history service.

Address, Location and Transport connections.

Telephone, Fax numbers and e-mail address.

Admission.

Opening hours.

Forthcoming closure periods.

Reading rooms facilities.

Enquiries.

Catalogues

Reference collection

Recent acquisition

56

Reservations.

Zì`m OJm_Ü o B§Q>aZoQ> d Am°ZbmB©Z godm§Zm _hÎd Amho. B§Q>aZoQ>Ûmao _m{hVr

ÚmoVH$ d¥ÎmnÌo H$mim~amo~a amhV AmhoV. The online information industry continues

to evolve rapidly as informtaion providers experiment with new models of

content distribution on at global scale, and new technologies develop that

allow people to distribute information (from bloggs, broadcast, and webcasts

for news suppliers to the Wikipedia, and Digital Universe Models on the

reference side)

`m godm§~m~V News and reference service information world review `m

g§Ho$VñWimda åhQ>bo Amho, `mdê$Z d¥ÎmnÌr` g§emoYZm_Üò Am°ZbmB©Z g§X^© godm§Mo

_hÎd bjmV òD$ eH$Vo. (www.nrsiwr)

17) Editing `m J«§WmV ~mñHo$Q>o d Ho$O `m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌ g§X^© J«§Wmb`mMr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho.

Ë`m§Zr _m°J© qH$dm H$mÌUg§J«h `m~m~V _m{hVr {Xbr Amho, `mdê$Z AmYw{ZH$ n[anyU©

d¥ÎmnÌm_Üò g§X^© godoMr _m{hVr bjmV òVo. d¥ÎmnÌ hm kmZmda AmYm[aV ì`dgm`

Agë`m_wio `m ì`dgm`m_Ü o _m{hVrÀ`m AMwH$Vobm A{YH$ _hÎd Agë`mMo {XgyZ

òVo. hm Aä`mg AmYw{ZH$ d¥ÎmnÌmer {ZJS>rV Agë`m_wio Ë`mMr Cn wŠVVm bjUr`

Amho. (Baskete & Kej, 1980)

18) aqdÐ Ama.Ho$.`m§Zr EZgm`Šbmonr{S> m {S>ŠeZar OZm©{bP_ A°ÝS> H$å`w{ZHo$eZ _Üò

d¥ÎmnÌ J«§Wmb`mMo _hËd {deX Ho$bo Amho. (aqdÐ, 2005)

19) àm.Om°Z hmohoZ ~J© `m§Zr {X àmo\o$eZb OZm©{bñQ> hm J§«W {b{hbm Amho. `m J§«Wm_Üò gw_mao

40 àH$aUm§VyZ d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m {d{dY VÎdmMm d H$m`©nÕVrMm {dMma Ho$bm Amho. `m_Üò

dV©_mZnÌmÀ`m g§nmXH$s` {d^mJmMr aMZm {Xbr Amho. VgoM Ë`m_Üò g§X^© {d^mJm§Mrhr

_m{hVr {Xbr Amho. Ë`mV H$mÌU J§«Wmb`mMm g_mdoe Amho. A{bH$S>o d¥ÎmnÌo dmMH$m§Zm

_m{hVrÀ`m AmYmao {d{dY àH$maMr godm XoV AmhoV. Ë`mMo dU©Z àm.hmohZ~J© `m§Zr

OZgodm nÌH$m[aVm Ago Ho$bo Amho. Vo åhUVmV, OZgodm nÌH$m[aVm hm EH$ Zdm àdmh

Amho d Vmo dmT>V Amho. dV©_mZnÌmH$S>o bmoH$m§Zm Cn`moJr Agbobr _m{hVr OodT>r XO}Xma

57

d {dídmgmh© Agob VodT>r _m{hVr dV©_mZnÌo A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m àH$mao XoD$ eH$Vrb.

(hmohZ~J©, 1978)

20) àm.~m°ÊS> \«o$Pa `mZo A°Z B§Q>m°S>ŠeZ Qy> OZm©{bP_ hm J«§W {b{hbm Amho. `m J«§Wm_Üò

Ë`m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌ{dÚm{df`H$ _yb^yV àíZm§Mr MMm© Ho$br Amho. VgoM d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr g§X^©

J«§Wmbò H$emàH$mao H$m`© H$aVmV hohr gm§{JVbo Amho. `m J«§WmÀ`m n{hë`m àH$aUmV

àm.~m°ÊS> åhUVmV, Journalism has four reasons for its being to inform, to

interpreet, to educate and to entertainment people bmoH$m§Zm _m{hVr XoUo, {díbofU

H$aUo, {ejU XoUo d _Zmoa§OZ H$aUo hr nÌH$m[aVoMr Mma à_wI H$m`©o AmhoV.

(~m°ÊS>,1985)

`m J«§Wm_Üò Ë`m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr g§X^© J«§Wmbò H$go H$m`© H$aVmV `mdahr _m{hVr

{Xbr Amho. d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m H$mÌUg§J«hmbm Morgue Ago åhUVmV. d¥ÎmnÌmbm {ZË`

H$m`m©gmR>r Cn`wŠV _m{hVr g§H${bV H$ê$Z {VMo dJuH$aU H$aUo d Vr _m{hVr g§nmXH$m§Zm

AJ«boI, boI VgoM Cng§nmXH$m§Zm dmVm© {b{hÊ`mgmR>r nmofH$ g§X^© åhUyZ àmá H$ê$Z

XoUo ho H$m`©hr g§X^© J«§Wmb`mbm H$amdo bmJVo. d¥Îm_mZnÌo Amnë`m g§X^© J«§Wmb`mV

H$mhr H$mof, ZH$meo, M[aÌJ«§W, KQ>Zm§Zm Cn`wŠV nmíd©^y_r XoUmao J«§W BË`mXr gm_wJ«r

R>odVmV. Am{U g§nmXH$m§Zm AZnojrV KS>Umè`m KQ>Zmg§~§Yr åhUOo Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr,

`wÕm, AnKmV, {d{dY àH$maMo Ioi `m{df`rMr OwZr _m{hVr g§X © åhUyZ CnbãY

H$ê$Z XoVmV. ~mV_r qH$dm boIm§Zm nmofH$ Aer OwZr _m{hVr OodT>r Mm§Jbr Agob VodT>m

boIZmbm AmYma àmá hmoVmo d Ë`mAmYmao dmMH$mda Ë`m boIZmMm Mm§Jbm à^md nS>Vmo,

Agohr ~m°ÊS> `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. Ë`m§À`m `m J«§WmVrb g§X^© J«§Wmb` ho àH$aU AmYma^yV

AgyZ, Vo _m¡{bH$ ^mî` H$aUmao Amho.

21) E_.Ho$.Omogo\$ `m§À`m Outline & Editing `m J«§WmV d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m g§X^© J«§Wmb`m~Ôb

{dñV¥V {ddoMZ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m§À`m _Vo dV©_mZnÌmbm H$moUË`m àH$maMr d H$moUË`m

{df`mMr _m{hVr Ho$ìhm bmJVo `mMm Zo_ ZgVmo. XaamoO KS>Umè`m KQ>Zm AmnUmbm Zì`m

58

dmQ>VmV na§Vw `m àËòH$ KQ>Zo_mJo H$mhr AmYma AgVmo. hm AmYma g_OmdyZ KoD$Z nwT>rb

Vnerb XoVmZm OwZo g§X^© Cn`moJr nS>VmV. Ë`m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌr` _m{hVrMo H$mofmda AmYmabobo

g§X^©, H$mÌUmda AmYmabobo g§X^©, aoImQ>Zmda AmYmabobo g§X^© AemàH$mao dJuH$aU

Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m§À`m `m dJuH$aUmÀ`m n{bH$S>o OmD$Z {dMma H$aVm Ago {XgVo H$s,

A{bH$S>o _m{hVr g§dmX V§ÌkmZ (ICT) hm EH$ Zdm àH$ma CX`mg Ambm Amho.

Ë`mAmYmao dV©_mZnÌmbm g§X^© {_i{dVmZm B§Q>aZoQ> qH$dm _m{hVrÀ`m _hmOmbmMm

Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. ZH$meo, aoImQ>Zo, N>m`m{MÌo `m§Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z _OHy$amMr gOmdQ>

Ho$br OmVo Amho. hm _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmda AmYmabobm Mm¡Wm àH$ma ghO CnbãY hmoUmam

Agë`mZo Ë`m_wio dV©_mZnÌmVrb _m{hVr g§H$bZmMo H$m`© A{YH$ gwb^ hmoV Amho. The

environment is multi-disciplinary subject, which includes science, medicine,

public health, engineering, city planning, awareness is needed until we reach

the point of the optimum development of our resources with a minimum

disturbance to the environment. Having that awareness is the job of the

environmental reporter. (Josef, 1997)

22) AbhoñQ>a `m§Zr WS>© dëS>© OZm©{bñQ>g² h°ÊS>~wH$ `m ZmdmMm J«§W {b{hbm Amho. hm

g§nm{XV J«§W A_o[aHo$Vrb Om°{O© m {dÚmnrR>mZo àH$m{eV Ho$bm Amho. `m J«§WmV ~mam

àH$aUm§Mm g_mdoe AgyZ, d¥ÎmnÌmMo ~XbVo ñdê$n hm AbhoñQ>a `m§Mm boI _hÎdmMm

Amho. Ë`m§Zr Ë`m_Ü o dmVm©boIZ, g§nmXZ ho H$m`© H$er AmYw{ZH$ ñdê$nmV àH$Q> hmoV

AmhoV d Ë`mgmR>r g§X^© J«§Wmb`m§Mm H$gm Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmV Amho, Vo gm§{JVbo Amho.

(Alehestar, 1985)

23) >a_oe O¡Z `m§Zr OZg§Mma {dídH$moe I§S 1 hm g§nmXZ Ho$bm Amho. Ë`m_Ü o d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m

g§X^© J«§Wmb`mMr _m{hVr n{hë`m I§S>mV Amho. Ë`m_Üò åhQ>bo Amho, Morgue : That

section of a newspapers library where documents are stored including old

copies of the newspaper itself and a wide range of other documents used as

reference materials. (O¡Z,2007)

59

_m°½`y© Mm AW© edmJa Agm hmoVmo. nÌH$m[aVm H$moemV `mMm à`moJ g§X^©H$j

qH$dm d¥ÎmnÌ J«§Wmb`mÀ`m g§X^m©V Ho$bm OmVmo. `m ^mJmV à_wI KQ>Zm d ì`ŠVrÀ`m

g§X^m©V qH$dm d¥ÎmnÌ J«§Wmb`mÀ`m g§X^m©V Ho$bm OmVmo. `m ^mJmV à_wI KQ>Zm d

ì`ŠVrÀ`m g§X^m©V _m{hVr d AÝ` gm_wJ«r R>odbr OmVo. S>m°.a_oe O¡Z `m§Zr Ho$bobo ho

{díbofU AW©nyU© Am{U VodT>oM g_n©H$ Amho. Ë`mà_mUo d¥ÎmnÌ g§X^© J«§Wm_Üò 3

n¡by Ë`m§Zr {Xbo AmhoV. Ë`mV ì`ŠVr, KQ>Zm d ñWim§Mm g§X^© g_m{dï> hmoVmo.

(O¡Z,2007)

24) Ama.Ho$.aqdÐZ `m§Zr EZgm`Šbmonr{S>H$ {S>ŠeZar Am°\$ OZm©{bPb_ Am°\$ H$å`w{ZHo$eZ

àH$m{eV Ho$br Amho. Ë`m_Ü o d¥ÎmnÌmVrb H$mÌU g§J«hmda àH$me Q>mH$bm Amho.

d¥ÎmnÌmVrb H$mÌU g§J«hm~m~V `m H$mofmV åhQ>bo Amho, Morgue is a the

section of a newspaper library where documents are stored including old

copies of the newpaper itself and wide range of offer documents where used as

refuse. (Ravikiran, 1999)

d¥ÎmnÌ g§X^© J«§Wmb`m_Üò OwZo A§H$ VgoM H$mÌUo Am{U _yi H$mJXnÌo `m§Mm

g_mdoe hmoVmo. AÝ` d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo A§H$ d OwZo A§H$hr `m J«§Wmb`mV AgVmV.

25) _Ywa gobdamO `m§Zr {b{hbobm New Editing and Reporting hm J«§W AgyZ Ë`m_Üò 7

àH$aUo AmhoV. d¥Îmg§H$bZ, dmVm©boIZ, dmVm©boIZ g§nmXZmMr Hw$ebVm, dmVm© g§nmXZ

VgoM g§nmXZ H$m¡eëò hr àH$aUo AmhoV. `m J«§WmV eodQ>r boIH$mZo åhQ>bo Amho.

Computerised systems do not call for a change in techniques but, rather

bring electronic facilities to the aid of the Sub-editor in carrying out the

techniques with the aim being to produce the same result on the finished page.

(Selveraj, 2005)

`mMm AW© Agm H$s, g§JUH$mYm[aV àíZm§Zm hr Cng§nmXH$m§Zm H$m¡eë` d¥ÕrgmR>r

ghmæ`^yV R>aVo. d¥ÎmnÌmV _m{hVr godoMr AgVm hr Z\$m ì`dñWo_wio dmT>rg bmJbr

Amho. g§X^© godm§Mr CnmYr d _m{hVr godm§Mr j_Vm hr g§JUH$mYm[aV g§nmXZm_wio

dmT>br Amho.

60

26) Ho$.E_.amd `m§À`m Handbook of Journalism `m J«§WmV AmR> àH$aUo AmhoV. Eo{Vhm{gH$

nmíd© y_r `m àH$aUmV Ë`m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌ g§ñWoMm {dH$mg H$gm Pmbm Vo ñnï> Ho$bo Amho.

_yb^yV VÎdo `m ^mJmV à_mU yV gyÌo {Xbr AmhoV d Zdo _mJ© ñnï> Ho$bo AmhoV.

Ë`mV Ë`m§Zr g§ñH¥¥$Vr d na§nam§Mmhr emoY KoVbm Amho. nÌH$m[aVoÀ`m Zd`wJm_Ü o nÕVera

{dH$mg H$gm hmoVmo Vo {Vgè`m àH$aUmV gm§{JVbo Amho. g_mO d bmoH$m§Mm gh^mJ hm

_wÔm _m§S>bm Amho. g§ñH$mamË_H$ aMZm hm Mm¡Ï`m n«H$aUmMm ^mJ hmoVm. Ë`mV gË` d

dmñVdmMo Xe©Z `mda â {Xbm Amho. (Rao, 2005)

nmMdo àH$aU g§nmXH$s` H$m`m©da â {Xbm Amho. g§JUH$ hm AmYw{ZH$

nÌH$m[aVoÀ`m nmR>rMm H$Um hmo . gm_m{OH$ OmJ¥VrMo n[aUm_ g§nH©$ {díd A{^ê$Mr ho

_wÔo AmhoV.

ghmdo àH$aU g§nmXH$s` _oOmda H$m`© H$go MmbVo Vo gm§{JVbo Amho. gmVdo

àH$aU dmVm©ham§Mr O~m~Xmar d H$m_o ñnï> H$aUmao Amho. H$m°nm}aoQ> joÌ d BVa KQ>H$mdaVr

â {Xbm Amho. AmR>do àH$aU àH$memVrb Q>ßno gm§JUmao Amho. `m àH$aUmV d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m

O~m~Xmarda â {Xbm Amho. `m J«§WmV Ho$.E_.amd åhUVmV, Tolerance of criticism

and distant is the most essential attributes of democracy. Despite that,

idelogical basis of democratic policy we find that there is increasing allergy to

criticism every attempt is made to hush is democracy postulates an open

society. `mdê$Z àgma _mÜ`_m§Mo bmoH$emhrVrb _hÎd bjmV òVo.

27) ñdmVr MìhmU d ZdrZ M§Ð `m§Zr {b{hboë`m Handbook & Journal Style J«§W hm 7

n«H$aUm§Zr `wŠV Amho. Ë`m_Üò Ë`m§Zr AmYw{ZH$ OJmV àgma _mÜ`_m§Mo _hÎd gm§{JVbo

Amho. _wŠV nÌH$m[aVm d _wŠV g§nmXH$ ho Xwgao àH$aU AgyZ {Zñdê$nmV g§nmXH$s` H$bm

d H$m¡eë`mda àH$me Q>mH$bm Amho. (Chavan & Chandra, 1995)

nmMdo àH$aU nÌH$m[aVm VÎd d ì`dhmamda â XoUmao Amho. {dkmZ boIZ hmhr

EH$ _hÎdmMm ^mJ hmo . ^maVr` OZg§Mma g§ñWoZo {dkmZ nÌH$m[aVo~m~V {Xbobo

Ë`mVyZhr Zm|X{dë`m AmhoV.

61

28) {d.b.Ymê$aH$a `m§Zr {b{hboë`m g§nmXZ H$bm d emñÌ `m J«§Wm_Üò d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo g§X^©

J«§Wmb` ho EH$ ñdV§Ì àH$aU {Xbo Amho. `m àH$aUm_Üò g§X^© J«§WmMr Amdí`H$Vm,

g§X^© godm§Mo _hÎd, Zdo V§ÌkmZ, d¥ÎmnÌr` g§X^© godoMr d¡{eîQ>ço Z_yX Ho$br AmhoV.

g§X^m©Mo àH$ma XoD$Z d¥ÎmnÌ g§emoYZmVrb g§X^m©Mo _hÎdhr {Xbo Amho. Ymê$aH$a

åhUVmV, ""àJV d¥ÎmnÌ{dÚm åhUOo Ho$di ^mfm {df` Zìho Vo EH$ àJV gm_m{OH$

emñÌ Amho. Ë`mV nÕVera emñÌr` {ddoMZmbm _hÎd Amho. A{YH$ gImob, A{YH$

{díbofUmË_H$, A{YH$ O~m~Xma d n«JV Aem d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m àH$meZmgmR>r g§emoYZ d

g§X^© godm§Mm {dH$mg H$aUo hr H$mimOr JaO Amho.''(YméaH$a, 1997)

29) AaqdX Hw$_ma `m§Zr g§nmXZ Ho$boë`m EZgm`ŠbmonoS>r`m Am°\$ _mg {_S>r`m A°ÊS>

H$å`w{ZHo$eZ `m J«§WmV d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m aMZm d H$m`©nÕVrMr MMm© n{hë`m I§S>mV H$aÊ`mV

Ambr Amho. Ë`m_Yrb d¥ÎmnÌ{dÚm emñÌ VgoM _m{hVrÀ`m _m§S>UrVrb H$m ©nÕVr ho

àH$aU _hÎdmMo Amho. `m àH$aUmVrb H$mhr g§X © àñVwV g§eomYZmgmR>r Cn`wŠV R>abobo

AmhoV. `m J«§WmÀ`m n{hë`m I§S>mV EHy$U 18 àH$aUo AmhoV. Ë`m_Ü o _mÜ`_m§À`m

n{bH$S>o Zdr _mÜ`_ {jVrOo, _mÜ`_ g§KQ>Zm Am{U amÁ` ì`dñWm, KQ>Zm§Mm H$mbH«$_,

_mÜ`_m§Mr g_rjÎm, ~hþ m{fH$ ^maVr` _mÜ`_o, _mÜ`_m§Mo {Z`moOZ, gm_m{OH$ OrdZ,

g_mOrH$aU Am{U _mÜ`_o, _mÜ`_m§À`m JaOm, _{hbm d _wbo, _mÜ`_mVrb _hÎdmMr

AdVaUo, n`m©daU Am{U _mÜ`_o, _mÜ`_ d g§JUH$emñÌ BË`mXrMr MMm© Amho. VgoM

`m J«§WmV _w{ÐV _mÜ`_m§Mr {d{dY n[a_mUo, Zdr OmJ{VH$ _m{hVr ì`dñWm, VmpËdH$

A{Yð>mZ, _mÜ`_m§À`m _m{hVr{df`H$ JaOm `mda n«H$me Q>mH$bm

Amho.(AaqdXHw$_ma,1998)

`mn¡H$s _mÜ`_m§À`m _m{hVr{df`H$ JaOm ho àH$aU `m Aä`mgmgmR>r Cn`wŠV

Amho. `m àH$aUmV 56 Vm{bH$m XoÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV. Ë`mV ^maVmVrb d¥ÎmnÌo,

^mfm{Zhm` g§»`m VgoM ^maVmVrb à_wI ehao d VoWrb d¥ÎmnÌo, ^maVmVrb

AmH$medmUr H|$Ðo BË`mXrMr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho. ho gd© Vnerb d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m g§X^©

62

J«§Wmb`mgmR>r AË §V Cn`moJr Amho. EImÚm d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m g§X^© J«§WmgmR>r Cn`wŠV Amho.

`m J«§WmV Ë`m§Zr Zdr _m{hVr d g_mOì`dñWm hr g§H$ënZm _m§S>VmZm åhQ>bo Amho, g§X^©

godo~Ôb {dnyb gm{hË` CnbãY Amho. na§Vw `m àH$maÀ`m _m{hVr_Üò VmOr _m{hVr d

_m{hVrMr JwUdÎmm `mbm _hÎd AgVo. (AaqdXHw$_ma,1998)

30) {d.b.YméaH$a `m§Zr {b{hboë`m _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ d àgma_mÜ`_o `m J«§WmV EHy$U 20

àH$aUo AmhoV. Ë`m_Ü o àJV _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmMm _m{hVr godm§da hmoUmam n[aUm_ M{M©bm

Amho. `m_Üò B§Q>aZoQ> _m{hVrMm H$ënd¥j, ñd § y _m{hVrMo _hmOmb B§Q>aZoQ> VgoM

B§Q>aZoQ> `wJmVrb d¥ÎmnÌ ho VrZ àH$aUo `m Aä`mgmÀ`m Ñï>rZo Cn`moJr AmhoV.

B§Q>aZoQ>_Yrb do~ d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo AX² yV {díd `m àH$aUmV boIH$ åhUVmV, B§Q>aZoQ>da

CnbãY Agboë`m d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m do~ Amd¥Î`m `m AË`§V n[anyU©, gwg‚m d AÚ`mdV

H$aÊ`mMr ñnYm© Mmby Amho. Am{U Aem ñnY}VyZ EH$ Zdo dmVmdaU V`ma hmoV Amho.

^ŠH$_ AZw d, CÎm_ nyd©V`mar Am{U `WmW© {Z`moOZ hr d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m do~gmB©Q>

Amd¥ÎmrÀ`m èmMr {ÌgyÌr hmo Ago åhUVm òB©b.

àË oH$ XoemVrb d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m OJmV VoWrb _m{hVr g§ñH¥$Vr hr VoWrb _m{hVr

g_mOmMm EH$ ^mJ AgVo. ^maVm_Üò Q>mBåg, qhXw hr d¥ÎmnÌo Ë`m§À`m _m{hVr g§ñH¥$VrMm

{dH$mg Ë`m§À`m XO}Xma g§X^© godm§À`m AmYmao H$aV AmhoV. (YméaH$a, 2005)

31) gm§Jbr, AmH$medmUrMo _mOr H|$Ð{ZXoeH$ lr.O §V Ea§S>o `m§À`m AmH$medmUr `m kmZ §Ì

J«§Wmbr àH$meZmÀ`m nwñVH$m_Üò nmZ Z§. 27 _Ü o bhar bKwbhar `m§Mr _m{hVr {Xbobr

Amho.

darb nwñVH$m_Üò AmH$medmUrÀ`m ÜdZr\$sV g§J«hmb` åhUOo amï´>mMm A_mob

R>odm Amho. Á`mdoir KamoKar H°$goQ> aoH$m°S>©a ZìhVo Ë`m O_mÝ`mVrb ÜdZr_wÐU

AmH$medmUrÀ`m ÜdZr g§J«hmb`m_Ü o AmhoV. (Ea§S>o, 2000)

32) gmoZma, _YwH$a {e.{bIrV X¥H$lmì` {ejU gm{hË` V§Ì d nÕVr `m nwñVH$m_Ü o nmZ Z§.

6 Vo 14 _Üò ÑH$lmì` gmYZ åhUOo H$m`? Ë`mMm {ejUm_Yrb Cn`moJ VgoM nmZ Z§.

63

284 Vo 294 _Üò aoS>rAmo øm lmì` _mÜ`_m{df`r _m{hVr, Z^modmUrMm embo

{ejUmV dmna Am{U n[aUm_H$aVm, H$m ©H«$_ {Z{_©Vr `m {df`r g{dñVa _m{hVr {Xbobr

Amho. (gmoZma)

33) àkm n«H$meZÀ`m MìhmU, {H$emoa Am{U BVa boIH$m§Zr {b{hboë`m _m{hVr g§àofU Am{U

V§ÌkmZ Am{U e¡j{UH$ _yë`_mnZ `m nwñVH$mV _m{hVr, _m{hVrMr Amdí`H$Vm,

_m{hVrMr d¡{eï>o VgoM g§àofU V§ÌkmZm{df`r g{dñVa _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho. Am{U

_m{hVr V§ÌkmZmMr gd©joÌr` _m{hVr Z_yX Ho$bobr Amho. (MìhmU Am{U BVa)

34) a{d {H$Vu, Amëb_à w gm. `m§Zr {b{hboë`m {ejUmVrb _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ `m nwñVH$mV

nmZ Z§. 1 Vo 99 da _m{hVr Am{U _m{hVr g§àofU V§ÌkmZ `m~m~V _m{hVr XoD$Z `m

V§ÌkmZmMr g§H$ënZm, ì`már Am{U _hÎdhr {deX Ho$bobo Amho. ({H$Vu)

35) OJVmn h.Zm. `m§À`m àJV e¡j{UH$ V§Ì{dkmZ `m nwñVH$mV nmZ Z§. 87 Vo 102 da

g§àofUmMm AW©, ì`m»`m, ñdê$n d {dH$mg VgoM g§àofUmMr à{V_mZo, eoZm°Z d ìhrda

`m§Mo g§àofUmMo à{V_mZ VgoM BVa Vkm§Mr à{V_mZo, g§àofUo à{H«$ oVrb KQ>H$, _mJ©,

àH$ma `m{df`r _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho. (OJVmn, 1999)

36) Sarkar, Dilip Kumar : Server of same research& special libraries of India Her.

Lib. sc 24 (1-2) Jan-Apr.1985, 25-29. Provides a comparative study on

organization management and execution of plaining of ten research and

special libraries. (Sarkar, 1985)

Phatak Vinay Bibliography of research in library and Information

Science in Indian documentation service, l986.

37) Gupta V.S : `m§Zr The Indian press - onthe thershold of millennium `mV åhQ>bo

Amho H$s, Several english language newspapers coming out from metropolitan

cities bring out 56 page Sunday editions including classified section which

contain news you can use and 12 page multi-coloured magazing section Even

on week days there are supplement pull out of education, information and

technology etc. Saturday section for week and reading offer eqully variegated

fare on films and fashions leisure and living style, music and entertainment.

64

Society, fashion designers and party hoppers constitute Saturday reading in

most of these week and editions. (Gupta, 2001)

38) Dr. Kshirsagar D.B., Deputy Director `m§Zr Herald of library Science Speical

Number on Public Libraries Vol. 38 number 1-2 Jan-Apr. 1999 `m

{Z`VH$mbrH$mV Library information and communication Seminar nona_Üò:

Prachya Vidya Prathistan narrated information communication system

depicted in develop a system depicted in develop a system of communication

which can be helpful for villagers in their development. (Kshirsagar, 1999)

39) Dr. Sewa Sing `m§À`m Indian library and information Science Literature 1988-

90 `m H$mbmdYrV {b{hboë`m J«§WmV Ë`m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌJ«§Wmb`m~m~V MMm© Ho$br. Ë`m§À`m

g§X^©gy{MV nwT>rbà_mUo Zm|Xr AmhoV. (Sing 1990)

40) CHATTERJEE AMITABH : Current information need and source in

Newspaper library FIC `m_Üò Ë`m§Zr ~mV_rnÌ J«§Wmb`mVrb Mmby dV©_mZ

KS>m_moS>tMo _hÎd gm§{JVbo Amho. VgoM dmVm©hamMr Mmby dV©_mZ _m{hVr XoÊ`mMr

Amdí`H$Vm gm§{JVbr Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo ~mV_rMo ñÌmoV, g§H$bZ d Ë`m§Mo g§KQ>Zm§Mr

_m{hVr {Xbr Amho. (Chatterjee)

41) BOOPATHY D: Role of the press in India INICAE 6(2) Sept.1987. `m_Ü o

Ë`m§Zr _mg _oS>r`mMo _hÎd d H$m`m©{df`r MMm© Ho$br Amho. VgoM Ý`wO _°JPrZMm

{dH$mg d ~mV_rnÌmÀ`m {dH$mgmMm AmT>mdm KoVbm Amho Am{U amï´>mÀ`m g§X^m©V

àgmamÀ`m H$m`m©{df`r Cnm` gm§{JVbo AmhoV. VgoM gm§p»`H$s` AmH$S>odmar gwÕm {Xbr

Amho. (Boopathy, 1987)

42) Ashok Raj : Towards a new communication and information order : Third

world efforts and new challenge, HLAICI `m_Üò Ë`m§Zr Am§Vaamï´>r` g§àofU

nÕVrÀ`m _m{hVrÀ`m g§X^m©V MMm© Ho$br Amho. VgoM `wZoñH$mo d Zm°_À`m H$m`m©Mr d Ý`y

Am°S>©a {df`r _m{hVr gm§{JVbr Amho. (Raj)

65

43) JOSHI , S.C. and PANDA, R.N. : Special Libraries : An Organizationl

structure, financial materials and service management. (Joshi)

44) SHARMA A.K. Special Library and librarinship, Lib. Progress (int) 4 (1-2)

Jan-Dec. 1984 : 1-7 Traces development of special libraries Describes staff

pattern, book collection and services in promotion activities. (Sharma, 1984)

45) SINGH, RAJWANT Building, furniture and equipment for special libraries,

Her Lib S.C. 21 (3-4) July-Dec. 1982:227-238. Discusses basic principles and

guidelines for designing building and furniture. (Singh)

2.7 MMm©gÌo, n[afXm, H$m`©emim§_Yrb g§emoYZ nona

gXa g§emoYH$mZo g§emoYZ H$m`© H$arV AgVmZm EH$m amï>r` H$m`©emio_Üò d XmoZ

amÁ`ñVar` H$m ©emim§_Üò g§emoYZ nonaMo àË`j CnpñWV amhÿZ gmXarH$aU Ho$bo. `m~m~V

VÁkm§_Üò d CnpñWV Aä`mgH$m§_Üò MMm© Pmbr. g§emoYZmÀ`m AZwf§JmZo Ë`m§Zr {d{dY

n¡by§daMr _Vo AdJV Ho$br. Ë`m§Mm gmam§e nwT>rbà_mUo -

1) lr ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X {ejUg§ñWoÀ`m H$moëhmnya òWrb {ddoH$mZ§X H$m°boO_Üò {X.4

\o$~«wdmar 2011 amoOr ^mfoMr àgma _mÜ`_m§Vrb y{_H$m `m {df`mda amï´>r` H$m ©emim

Pmbr. `m H$m ©emio_Üò d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m _m{hVr g§àofUmV d¥ÎmnÌr` J«§Wmb`m§Mr ^y{_H$m `m

{df`mda gXa g§emoYH$ Am{U _mJ©Xe©H$ S>m°.gm¡.Z{_Vm ~m~mgmho~ ImoV `m§Zr g§ wŠVnUo

g§emoYZ nona gmXa Ho$bm.

`m g§emoYZ nona_Üò àñVmdZm, g§emoYZ {df`, g§emoYZmMr JaO d _hÎd,

g§emoYZmMr C{Ôï>o, g§emoYZ nÕVr, {ZîH$f© d {e\$maer `m KQ>H$m§daVr nona gmXarH$aU

Ho$bo. `m nona_Üò d¥ÎmnÌ J§«Wmb`mÀ`m H$m`m©Mm AmT>mdm KoUo, `m§À`m ì`dñWmnZmMm

Aä`mg H$aUo, Ë`m§Mo_m\©$V {Xë`m OmUmè`m {d{dY godm§Mr _m{hVr KoUo, d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m

_m{hVr g§àofUmVrb Ë`m§Mm gh^mJ emoYyZ H$mT>Uo hr C{Ôï>o R>odyZ àmW{_H$ d {ÛVr`

_m{hVr gmYZm§Ûmao emoY KoÊ`mV Ambm d {ZîH$f© _m§S>UoV Ambo. `m_Üò X{jU

_hmamï´>mVrb X¡.nwT>mar, gH$mi, bmoH$_V, Ho$gar d EoŠ` d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m H$m`m©b`mV J«§Wmb`

66

H$j Amho. hr J«§Wmbò g§X^© godm, J«§W XodKod godm, H$mÌUgodm 100 dmMH$m§Zm nwadVmV

ho d BVa {ZîH$f© _m§S>bobo AmhoV. (nmQ>rb,2011)

2) {Q>iH$ _hmamîQ> {dÚmnrR>mVrb J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ {d^mJmÀ`m dVrZo {X. 25

\o$~«wdmar 2011 _Üò Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m amÁ`ñVar` H$m`©emioV _m{hVr g§àofU V§ÌkmZ

Am{U Z°H$ _yë`m§H$Z g§X^m©V _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wmb`m§Mr ^y{_H$m `m {df`mda gXa

g§emoYH$mZo g§emoYZ nona gmXa Ho$bm.

`m g§emoYZ nona_Üò _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wmb`mMr H$m`} OmUyZ KoUo, _m{hVr

g§àofU V§ÌkmZmMm _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wmb`mdarb à^md OmUyZ KoUo, Z°H$ _wio

_hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wmb`mMm Pmbobm {dH$mg Aä`mgUo d J«§Wmb`mVrb ì`dñWmnZmMo

Zdo àdmh AdJV H$aUo hr C{Ôï>o R>odbr homVr. _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmÀ`m dmnam_wio J«§Wmb`rZ

g§àofUmV doioMr ~MV Pmbr Amho. V§ÌkmZmÀ`m dmnam_wio J«§Wmb`rZ godm§À`m XOm©V

gwYmaUm Pmbr Amho. _m{hVr g§àofU V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$aUmè`m J«§Wmb`m§Mr g§»`m

Z°H$_wio dmT>br Amho. Z°H$_wio J«§Wmb`mMr _hÎdnyU© ^y{_H$m AYmoao{IV Pmbr Amho.

ho {ZîH$f© `m g§emoYZ nona_Üò _m§S>bo AmhoV. (nmQ>rb,2011)

3) doUwVmB© MìhmU _hm{dÚmb` H$èhmS>_Üò J«§Wmb`mV V§ÌkmZmMr y{_H$m `m {df`mda

amÁ`ñVar` H$m ©emim {X. 08 d 09 E{àb 2011 amoOr Pmbr. `m H$m ©emio_Üò gXa

g§emoYH$mZo J«§Wmb`mVrb _m{hVr ñÌmoV Am{U ì`dñWmnZ `m {df`mda g§emoYZ nona

gmXa Ho$bm.

`m g§emoYZ nona_Üò _m{hVrMr g§H$ënZm d _hÎd OmUyZ KoUo, J«§Wmb`mVrb

_m{hVr ñÌmoV OmUyZ KoUo, _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmMm J«§Wmb`mdarb à^md OmUyZ KoUo,

dmMH$m§Zm JwUdÎmmnyU© d ObX JVrZo godm XoÊ`mgmR>r _m{hVr ñÌmoVm§Mo CÎm_ ì`dñWmnZ

H$aUo hr C{Ôï>o hmoVr. `m_Ü o _m§S>UoV Ambobo {ZîH$f© Ago J«§Wmb`mV {d{dY _m{hVr

ñÌmoVm§_YyZ _m{hVr O_m hmoVo. J«§Wmb`mV `m _m{hVrda g§ñH$aU H$ê$Z {VMo OVZ Ho$bo

OmVo. Cn^moŠË`m§À`m _mJUrZwgma `m _m{hVrMo {dVaU Ho$bo OmVo. J«§Wmb`mV Amboë`m

67

_m{hVr ñÌmoVm§Mo Mm§Jbo ì`dñWmnZ Ho$bo AgVm dmMH$m§Zm JwUdÎmmnyU© d ObXJVrZo godm

XoVm oVmV. B§Q>aZoQ>À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ dmMH$m§Zm hdr Vr _m{hVr MQ>H$Z emoYyZ XoVm òVo. B©

~wŠg, B© OZ©ëg À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ H$_r qH$_VrV ObX JVrZo _m{hVrMr XodmUKodmU H$ê$

eH$Vmo. _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo dmMH$m§Zm hì`m Ë`m {R>H$mUr hì`m Ë`m doir

J«§Wmb`rZ godm nwadVm òVmV. _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo dmMH$m§Mm d godH$m§Mm doi

dmMy eH$Vmo. (nmQ>rb,2011)

4) {Q>iH$ _hmamï´> {dÚmnrR> nwUo `m§Zr 25 \o$~«wdmar 2011 amoOr 'Role of Libraries with

reference to ICT & NAAC Accreditation' `m {df`mda amÁ`ñVar` H$m°Ý\$aÝg KoVbr

hmoVr. `mdoir àH$m{eV Ho$boë`m g§emoYZ nonaÀ`m àmo{gqS>J_Üò

àmo.gr.Ama.H$[a{gÜXmßnm `m§Zr g§Xoe {Xbm Amho. Ë`mV Ë`m§Zr _m{hVr g§àofU V§ÌkmZmMm

J«§Wmb`mV Cn`moJ dmna Am{U AmYw{ZH$ J«§Wmbò `m~m~V {b{hbo Amho. Vo {b{hVmV,

Information communication and Technology (ICT) has changed

enormously the nature of the work and types of skills needed in the different

subject areas as well as profession. They on the one hand created a wide area

of new jobs many of which were not there Ten years back. On the other hand

they have replaced the need for, different types of unskilled and low skilled

workers. These trends are posing problems and challenges to educational

systems to prepare students with the knowledge and skills needed to thrive in

the dynamic environment of technology and also accelerated growth of

knowledge. Actually speaking ICT consists of hardware, software, networks

and media for collection, storage, processing, transmission and .presentation.

of information (voice, data, text, images)

In the past few decades there have been major transformation

occurring in the formal education sector. In addition there are some areas

which are enabling people to develop new capabilities required for the

knowledge society. These changes are partly due to the development of ICTs

and also new networks, °knowledge sharing: mechanisms and interactive

learning which ICTs facilitate. Considering the growing quality awareness in

higher educational institution it has become inevitable to inculcate quality

68

culture in the academic; environment In this context the present conference is

going a long way in sensitizing academic library professionals to adopt and

practice the ICTs in all their activities so as to become the partners in the

progress of their institution. (Karisiddappa, 2011)

5) `m g§emoYZ nonaÀ`m àmo{gS>tJ_Üò {Q>iH$ _hmamï´> {dÚmnrR>mMo Hw$bJwé S>m°.XrnH$ {Q>iH$

Forword _Üò {bhVmV,

'The age of automation has brought in various changes in the Libraries

be in computerization, RFID Technoliges or smart cards for the members.'

(Tilak,2011)

6) `mM àmo{gqS>J_Üò n¥ð> H«$. 9 da {Q>iH$ _hmamï> {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m J«§Wnmb gm¡.Y{Zð> I§Xmao

d gm_m{OH$ Am{U Vm{ËdH$ {d^mJmMo A{Yð>mVm àmo.{dO` Ho$aH$a `m§Zr g§nmXH$s`_Üò

{b{hbo Amho.

Library is a multifaceted profession with various situations confronted

on daily basis with the advancements in ICT applications a tremendous change

has taken place in Libraries. The NAAC Accreditation has assumed a great

importances in the present Scenario, Displays and arrangements have to be

made in this regard. (Khandare & Karekar,2011)

7) nmbYao {Zb_, XodH$ {Vê$nVr Am{U ZmJwS>o a_oe `m§Zr {b{hboë`m Role of librarians

in the 21st century `m g§emoYZ nona_Yrb gmam§e nwT>rbà_mUo.

The Information society cannot survive without past intellectual

contributions of human mind. Every researcher would like to update himself

by getting the relevant information in his area. Library as a information house

fulfills the needs of users through library professionals. To overcome this

problem, libraries assist the users. Today libraries have become essential

ingredients of a civilized society and its contribution is more towards

education, research and training.

The role of librarian is very much important to disseminate appropriate

information from the vast information explosion. Hence the professionals need

to be expertise and has inclination to accept the change and follow the best

practices in LIS to manage the library system very well. There is a need to

develop different skills to cope up with the system like positive attitude, team

69

working, technological skills etc. This paper highlights the role of librarian in

the 21st century and what steps are to be taken accordingly. (Paldhare, 2011)

Role of Information Technology in Library `m {df`mda doUyVmB© MìhmU

H$m°boO H$èhmS> òWo {X.8 d 9 E{àb 2011 amoOr amÁ`ñVar` MMm©gÌ Pmbo. `m_Üò

J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ {df`mVrb AZoH$ VÁkm§Zr g§emoYZ nona gmXa Ho$bo. _m{hVr

g§àofU V§ÌkmZ d J«§Wmbò `m~m~V Ë`m§Zr {dMma ì`ŠV Ho$bo. Ë`mVrb _hÎdmMo g§X^©

Ago.

8) {edmOr {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ {d^mJ à_wI S>m°.EZ.Am`.

{XdR>UH$a `m§Zr Information Resource Management hm g§emoYZ nona gmXa Ho$bm.

Ë`m_Yrb gmam§e Agm,

The tremendous growth of incoming information enforces the

professionals to undertake IRM activities for promoting and enhancing use of

information as an strategic asset. Initially the fundamental key activities

required for effective IRM are discussed. Further the paper highlights the

different types of activities involved in IRM; the activities which are basic in

managing information as a resource. For successful IRM, the role of Librarian,

being an important one is elaborated as Knowledge Preserver and Mediator,

Information Architect and Hybrid Librarian. The paper states further the

benefits of IRM and the skills to be developed and enhanced by the

professionals to strengthen the IRM activities. (Divthankar, 2011)

9) S>m°. Eg.E_. nwOma `m§Zr `m MMm©gÌmV Web Technologies and Librareis `m {df`r

g§emoYZ nona gmXa Ho$bm. Ë`m_Üò Ë`m§Zr do~ Q>oŠZm°bm°Or åhUOo H$m` Vo gm§JyZ Ë`m§Mo

{d{dY KQ>H$ d J«§Wmb`mVrb _hÎd gm§{JVbo Amho. Ë`mVrb H$mhr ^mJ Agm,

There are innumerable numbers of Web 2.0 technologies available on the

Internet, both free and priced. However, the Web 2.0 technologies, useful for

libraries and library and information science professionals include:

� Blogs

� RSS

� Social Networks

� Photos - Discover Flickr

� Video — YouTube

� Google Apps-Cloud computing

70

� Micro blogging-Discover Twitter

� Toolbars

� Social bookmarking

� Wikis

� Refrence management — Zotero

� Instant messaging

Libraries can apply any of these technologies to provide new services

or enhance the existing ones. Also these can be used to create collaborative

spaces to get users involved in content creation for libraries such as tagging,

Book reviews, ratings etc. (Pujar, 2011)

10) O`H$a J«§Wmb` nwUo_Yrb S>m°.~r.E_. nmZJo `m§Zr Library Automation and its

impace `m {df`mda g§emoYZ nona gmXa Ho$bm. Ë`mV Ë`m§Zr J«§Wmb` `m§{ÌH$aUmMo Xhm

\$m`Xo {deX Ho$bo AmhoV, Vo nwT>rbn«_mUo - Benefits of Library Automation

I) Improved Productivity:-

- Increased workload

- Additional responsibility

2) Reduced Staff

- Labour intensive, manual process is eliminated saves staff.

One counter is enough.

3) Reduced unit cost of operation

- Cataloguing in publication

- Subject heading

- Classification numbers

- Duplication of catalogue cards

- OPAC

4) Improved control

- Status and location of all items

- Every staff member getting the chance to learn system

- Librarian takes view of all activities, at a given time.

5) Reduce errors

- Typing errors are removed through Barcode

6) Improved Speed

- Variety of activities are completed in a very short time

Example: Issue return, accession, Cataloguing, Bibliography, List of

new arrivals, CAS, SDI etc.

71

7) Improved access

- Access to latest information recored for both staff and users.

8) Increased range and depth of service

- Service available 24 hours, 7 days Alert Services.

9) Facilitate Co-operation

- MARC records allow libraries to build local, regional and national

database.

10) By- products

Variety of data is generated

- Annual reports etc.

- Bibliographies etc. (Panage, 2011)

11) dmbM§X H$m°boO Am°\$ B§{O{ZAatJ gm§JbrMo J«§Wnmb Dr. S.A.N. Inamdar `m§Zr E

Resources ~m~V g§emoYZ nona gmXa Ho$bm. B©-ñÌmoVm§Mo \$m`Xo d _hÎd Ë`m§Zr `m

nona_Üò {Xbo AmhoV. B©-ñÌmoVm_Yrb B§Q>aZoQ> Am{U ZoQ>dH©$~m~V Vo {b{hVmV,

Networking and internet expanded at large the coverage of Librareis,

Modern Libraries, Automation and E-Resources : Need of time it helps.

• To cater better services to readers.

• To save the time of reders.

• To private faster services. (Inamdar, 2011)

12) lr_Vr gr.~r.ehm _{hbm _hm{dÚmb` gm§Jbr Mo J«§Wnmb YZ§O` ~r. gwVma `m§Zr Role

of Emerging Trends and information Technology hm g§emoYZ nona gmXa Ho$bm

Amho. Ë`mVrb _hÎdmMm ^mJ Agm,

The Purpose of this paper is to discuss the Role of Information

Technology (IT) for quality management of library services and activities for

putting knowledge to work, it will discuss the role of IT for developing

information and E-resources along with use of etc., networking,

communication technology as well as Internet and web technology, Libraries

and information Centres. The libraries can improve their performance in all

the concerned areas of its activities, fields, functions and services through

effective use of IT. The article discusses the key areas where use of IT for

72

information and Knowledge Management is possible to expand the access to

information for the satisfaction of end users. (Sutar, 2011)

13) g§V JmS>Jo~m~m A_amdVr {dÚmnrR>mMo J«§Wnmb S>m°._mohZ Ama.IoaS>o `m§Zr Role of

Information Technology in Academic Library hm g§emoYZ nona gmXa Ho$bm. Ë`mV

Ë`m§Zr nwT>rb _wX²>Úm§Mr MMm© Ho$br Amho.

• Information Technology

• Information Technology and Library

• Present situation of libraries In IT era

• Library automation

• E-Resource

• Inoformation Resource Management

• New Trends in Library Management

• Institutional Repositories (IR)

• Knowledge Management

• Digital Library

• Library 2.0

• Library Portal

• R3 Access

• Major Issues (Kherade, 2011)

gmam§e

_hmamï´>mVrb {d{dY J«§Wmb`m§Zm gXa Aä`mgH$mZo ôQ>r XoD$Z `m AJmoXaÀ`m

g§emoYZmMm Am{U g§emoYZ gm{hË`mMm AmT>mdm KoVbm Amho d Vmo nydm©ä`mgm_Üò {Xbm Amho.

J«§Wmb` d _m{hVr emñÌmVrb Am{U d¥ÎmnÌ {dÚm d g§dmXemñÌmVrb VÁk _§S>ir, d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo

g§nmXH$, Om{hamV ì`dñWmnH$, nÌH$ma, J«§Wnmb `m§À`m~m~V Pmboë`m MM}Mm WmoS>Š`mV CëboI

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