Upload
myra
View
29
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
General Knowledge Lecture of Science. 通識 科學 講座. Rocket Science & Satellite Technology 火箭科學 與 衞星技術. Speaker : Alta Y. N. C HOI 主講 : 蔡玉寧 先生. 國立荷蘭科技大學 航天 工程師 Delft University of Technology Aerospace Engineer. 日期 : 15- July – 200 8 地 點 :生產力促進局大 禮堂 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
General Knowledge Lecture of Science Rocket Science & Satellite Technology Delft University of TechnologyAerospace EngineerSpeaker : Alta Y. N. CHOI : 15- July 2008 Venue : Hong Kong Productivity Council Exhibition Hall
Ancient Chinese Rocket Modern Rocket
Pioneer in Rocket Development K.E. Tsiolkowsky (1857-1935, Russia) - 1903 - Tsiolkowsky V = Vf - Vi == Ispgoln- (Isp)R.H. Goddard (1882-1945, USA) - 1926 - LinkH.J. Oberth (1894 - 1989, Aus. Hon. , German, Romania) - 20 - 1927 W. von Braun (1912-1977, German) - V-2 - V-2
The first real Rocket V-2 / (3:1)
Length 14 mMax. Diameter () 1.65 mLaunch mass 13 tonsThrust 245 kNBurn time 65 secMax. speed 5,750 km/hrMax. altitude96 kmRange 320 km
Saturn V Rocket( 5 )
Delta Series Rocket
Russian Rocket SoyuzProton
Ariane Series ( )PayloadL H2L O2BoosterL H2KickBooster
Series of Long March Rocket -3A-2F
(CF) - 3A (CF) 2F
(CF) -3A (CF) - 2F
Japanese Rocket (H) Series (H II) H-IIAH-IIAH-IIH-IIBH-IIA
Rocket Performance in Different Country Delta Ariane Soyuz Long March H-series(1.68%) (0.80%) (0.45%) (0.75%) (1.28%)
The Launch of CZ-3A with CI-1 3 1
From Launch base into Orbit 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 (2.5m) (6.6m) (9.8 min) (15s)
Effect of Earth Rotation & Gravitational Field (360o/24hr)
Controlling of Rocket Engine Tilt the whole engine
Controlling of Rocket Engine 2. Generating one side stall
Launching of Satellite in Geostationary Orbit (35,786 km)() (200 km)
Kick Booster
Launch Bases in China (38o43N)(3850'N)()(28o12N)(19o19N)
Change of Orbit in Space
Change of Orbit of ChangE-1 in Space 1
Change of Orbit of ChangE-1 in Space La Grangian point
Change of Orbit of Kaguya in Space
Classification of Rocket 1Chemical Propulsion System i) Solid-fuel Rocket (Isp~250) ii) Liquid-fuel Rocket (Isp~450)iii) Hybrid-fuel Rocket 2Electrical Propulsion System i) Electronic Power Rocket (Isp=700-1000) ii) Ionian Power Rocket (Isp=8500-20,000)iii) Plasma Power Rocket (Isp=5,000-25,000)3 Thermal-Nuclear Pro. Sys.(Isp~850)4 Photonic Propulsion System( )
Solar Sail of NASA ()
Solid Rocket-propellant
Composition of Propellant Type (kg/m3)Temp(K)I sp(sec)Nitrocellulose (40-55%) Nitroglycerin (25-50%) Additive (10-20%) Homogeneity(Double-base)1,510|1,6201,700|3,100195|250Polymer (20%) Ammonia perchloride (80%)Composite 1,6602,600231Polymer (12.5%) Aluminium (16%) Ammonia perchloride(69.9%)Additive (1.6%) Composite1,7723,480260Nitrocellulose (26%) Nitroglycerine (27.2%) Aluminium (18.9%) Ammonia perchloride(19.5%)Additive (8.4%) Composite(Modified Double-base)1,7454,000263
Working Principal of Solid Rocket Engine
Possible Forms of Loading Solid Rocket-propellant 1. Gradually accelerate to maximum speed 1.
Possible Forms of Loading Solid Rocket-propellant 2. Instantly to maximum speed then gradually decelerate 2.
Liquid Rocket Propellant
Composition of Propellant Proportion ofFuel/Oxidiser(kg/m3)Temp(Ko)I sp(sec)Mono-Propellants:Nitro-Methane (CH3NO2) ()Hydrazine (N2H4) ()Hydrogen-peroxide (H202) () ---1,1371,0111,4422,6469661,278255199165Bi-Propellants:Kerosene () / Oxygen (02) )()Kerosene / Nitrogen tetra-oxide (N2O4) () 1 : 2.45 1 : 31,0201,2253,6873,255301291L. Hydrogen (H2) / L. Oxygen (02)( / ) 1 : 42802,980390Unsymmetrical Di-Methyl-Hydrazine ()(UDMH) / Oxygen (02)()UDMH / Nitrogen tetra-oxide (N2O4) 1 : 1.671 : 2.659701,1853,6233,436310286
Working Principal of Liquid Rocket Engine
Liquid Rocket Engine
Transporting of liquid fuel Hydrogen (-253oC, 67kg/s, 0,2 MPa)Oxygen (-162oC, 400kg/s, 0,7 MPa)Exhaust()(467 kg/s) (35 MPa) (1,233 oC) (36 MPa) (1,088 oC)
Comparison Between Solid-fuel and Liquid-fuel Solid fuel 1. 2. 3. ( Isp~250)4. ( )5. , 6. 7. 8. Liquid fuel - ( )- - ( Isp ~450)- (H2)- - - -
Satellite Science and its Related Technology
Development of Satellite 1945 - (Sir Arthur C. Clark)- 1957 - (Sputnik 1)- Link1958 - 1 (Explorer 1)- . (Van Allen Belts)- 1970 - 1Link2007 - - Link
Satellite Anatomy
Classification of Satellite 1. Hubble Link2. - 3. Link
Satellite Orbit 1. (160- 2,000 km) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - Parking Orbit (200km), Polar Orbit (500-1,000km)2. (2,000- 35,786 km) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) or Intermediate Circular Orbit (ICO) - Sun-synchronous Orbit (>6,000km)3.(~ 35,786 km)High Earth Orbit (HEO) - Geosynchronous Orbit (GSO) - Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
Satellite Mostly Used Orbit 1. Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
2. Polar Orbit 3. Sun-synchronous Orbit (SSO) Link
1. Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) i) () ii) Inclination 0 () iii) Eccentricity0 Cir. Orbit iv) Period (360o/24hrs) v) 35,7862. Polar Orbit i) Inclination 90 ii) iii) iv) 3. Sun-synchronous Orbit (SSO) i) 0.9856(360o/)
The Cosmic Velocity- 4 Initial Velocity
4
The Cosmic Velocity - 1 First Cosmic Velocity (7.8 km/s), Circular Velocity - 2 Second Cosmic Velocity (11.2 km/s) Break Away Velocity - 3 Third Cosmic Velocity (16.7 km/s) Escape Velocity - 4 Fourth Cosmic Velocity (~115 km/s)
End of seminarThanks for your attention Dr. Philip Leung Mr. Louis Lai For the Arrangement of this lecture and Consultant of lecture material Acknowledgement
Mr. Man Wu The first Astronaut in human history
Space Craft of Man Wu
Rocket nozzle improve performance
Robert Goddard and his world first liquid fuel rocketCombustion chamber Exhaust nozzle Liquid oxygen Benzene tank Fairing cap /Fuel pump Support frameFuel pijp First test flight 16-03-1926Link
Sputnik 1 (Elementary Satellite-1) 1 Link
Van Allen Belts . Link
Dong Fang Hong I (Red East 1) 1 Link
ChangE 1 1 Link
Hubble Space Telescope Link
NOAA Polar Orbiting Weather Satellite ()
Global Positioning System (GPS)
ESA Galileo Satellite & Orbit System
The Chinese GPS system (Beidou)
Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) Communication Satellite
DSP - Link
Geostationary Earth Orbit & Polar Orbit
Polar OrbitSolar OrbitDifference between Polar and Solar Orbit
Sun-synchronous Orbit Link
Ion Thruster
Hall Effect Thruster
Hall Effect Thruster
Plasma Power Rocket Engine
The Cosmic Velocity = (Gravitational Force=Centripetal Force) (1 = 1)
(G = 6.67 X 10-11N m2/kg2, Mearth = 5.98 X 1024 Kg, Rearth = 6,378 km) = eight = Centripetal Force (go = 9.80665 m/s2 ) - 1 First Cosmic Velocity (7.8 km/s), Circular Velocity
The Cosmic Velocity - 2 Second Cosmic Velocity (11.2 km/s) Break Away Velocity Kinetic Energy = Gravitational Potential Energy =
(2 = 2)
The Cosmic Velocity - 3 Third Cosmic Velocity (16.7 km/s) Escape Velocity - 42.1 / - 29.8 /- 12.3 /
(3 = 3 )
**************************