GEOHEALTH navstevaBrusel2015 pptx EN · determinable convex parabola 1.23 143.74 6 HCO 3 1.026 0.979 not determinable 241.90 326.10 567.90 convex parabola 16.57 592.05 7 SO 4 1.009

1S. Rapant, 1V. Cvečková, 1K. Fajčíková, 2Z., Dietzová,, 3D. Sedláková, 4B. Stehlíková

1 State Geological Institute of Dionýz Štúr, Mlynská dolina 1, Bratislava, [email protected] Regional Public Health Authority, Ipeľská 1, Košice3 WHO office in Slovakia, Limbová 2, Bratislava4 PEVŠ, Tomášikova 150/20, Bratislava,

GEOHEALTH, LIFE 10 ENV/SK/086

LIFE10 ENV/SK/086

A4: Linking of environmental and health indicators


STATISTICAL METHODS

1. Linear correlation2. Spearman correlation3. Neural network analysis

Neural networks represent one of the techniques of the data mining.

This statistical method is rather complex, it belongs to category of artificialintelligence.

In short –the most significant relations between environmental and healthindicators are searched for.Each next neural network is usually of higher quality as former onebecause it has learned something from the created former networks, itwas „trained“.

Nevertheless, the best (correct) result is not obligatory the last trainednetwork, that is technically the most advanced (the highest correlationcoefficient).

We use median values calculated based on 100 neural networks.GEOHEALTH, LIFE 10 ENV/SK/086

The reason why use ANN� Our data are not normally distributed

� They are of relevance of everyday life

� They are often spoiled by errors, sometimes incomplete

� We cannot suppose the existence of linear function between them

� Use of standard regression analysis (linear and Spearman correlation coefficient) could lead to wrong conclusions

� Through ANN we are able to identify the influence of single chemical elements in groundwater / soils on health indicators

� Through ANN we are able to derive limit values (minimum necessary as well as maximum allowable) for single chemicals in relation to their influence on health indicators

� Reliability of ANN is characterized by correlation coefficient R

� Statistical significance of ANN is characterized by coefficient of determination R2

� The level of influence of chemicals on health indicators is characterized by sensitivity coefficient (sensitivity rate) Sr,for infuential elements Sr > 1, for non-influential elements Sr < 1GEOHEALTH, LIFE 10 ENV/SK/086


Methodology and outputs of thecalculations of ANNare presented on example of chemicalcomposition of groundwater and relativemortality for cardiovascular diseases (CVD)

Relative mortality for cardiovascular disease (ReI) vs. chemical composition of groundwater

Results of ANN calculations for 10 chemical elements/compounds in groundwater with the highest influence on ReI (median from 100 ANN)


ReI00-I99

order element Sr R2Limit content Optimum contents Evaluation of

function dependency

contents

LL UL LL UL min max

1 Ca+Mg 1.370 0.992 2.90 9.10 4.40 7.60 convex parabola 0.35 7.97

2 Ca 1.211 0.999not

determinable 89.40not

determinablenot

determinable convex parabola 9.83 201.01

3 Mg 1.150 0.986 24.30 95.80 42.00 78.10 convex parabola 2.45 97.75

4 TDS 1.053 0.960 553.10 1263.20 629.40 1186.80 convex parabola 87.30 1412.30

5 Cl 1.027 0.988not

determinable 31.80not

determinablenot

determinable convex parabola 1.23 143.74

6 HCO3 1.026 0.979not

determinable 241.90 326.10 567.90 convex parabola 16.57 592.05

7 SO4 1.009 0.961not

determinable73.30

not determinable

not determinable

line with negative slope

9.38 319.50

8 NO3 1.004 0.939not

determinable37.60

not determinable

not determinable

line with negative slope

1.33 227.09

9SiO2 1.003 0.999 18.20

not determinable

not determinable

not determinable concave parabola 0.20 <0.0001

10 PO4 1.002 0.919 0.20not

determinablenot

determinablenot

determinable concave parabola 0.00 3.35

Sr – sensitivity rate, R2 – coefficient of determination, LL – lower limit, UL – upper limit

Other INFLUENTIAL ELEMENTS (Sr > 1) are:Na, F, K, pH, Ba, Mn, Rn222, Ra226, Zn, Cu, NO3, Sb, Fe, CODMn, As, NH4, Hg,

NON INFLUENTIAL ELEMENTS (Sr < 1):Cr, Cd, Al, Se, Pb

THE MOST INFLUENTIAL ELEMENTS (Sr > 1.1):Ca+Mg, Ca, Mg

INFLUENTIAL ELEMENTS (Sr > 1.01):TDS, Cl, HCO3

LESS INFLUENTIAL ELEMENTS (Sr < 1.01, Sr > 1.001):SO4, NO3, SiO2, PO4

RESULTS


Dependency between calculated values of ReI and concentrations of chemical elements/compounds modelled through ANN.

The methodology of derivation of limit values

Limit critical values(intersect of the mean ReI value for SR)

Optimum range(peak of parabola±st. deviation)

DISCUSSIONArbitrary mathematical-statistical analysis of various variables offers various dependencies, correlation coefficients

CAUSAL vs. STOCHASTICChemical elements in relation to health indicators can be generally divided into three groups (Rapant et al. 2010; Rapant et al. 2014):

1) Causal: the impact on human health is proved by a number of case studies,statistically significant dependency was registered

2) Indicative: unproven or poorly described relationship to human health, statisticallysignificant relationship to health indicators, mainly through their geochemicalassociations with influential elements, they accompany influential elements, butprobably without any adverse health effects

3) Stochastic: show only stochastic statistical dependence, adverse health effects areunlikely

4) Without health effects : with unregistered significant statistical relationship with healthindicators, mainly chemical elements occurring at low concentrations and without anyhealth effects


Causal: Ca, Mg, Ca+Mg

Indicative: HCO3, TDS, SiO2

Stochastic: Cl, SO4, NO3, PO4

Without health effects: all others, mainly potentially toxic elements

DISCUSSION


Order Element sr

R2

Limit content Optimum contentsEvaluation of function

dependency

1 Ca+Mg 1.37 0.992 2.9- 9.1 4.4-7.6 convex parabola

2 Ca 1.211 0.999 Less than 89.4 not determinable convex parabola

3 Mg 1.15 0.986 24.3-95.8 42.0-78.1 convex parabola

4 TDS 1.053 0.960 553.1-1263.2 629.4-1186.8 convex parabola

5 Cl 1.027 0.988 Less than 31.8 not determinable convex parabola

6 HCO3 1.026 0.979 Less than 241.9 326.1-567.9 convex parabola

7 SO4 1.009 0.961 Less than 73.3 not determinable line with negative slope

8 NO3 1.004 0.939 Less than 37.6 not determinable line with negative slope

9 SiO2 1.003 0.999 More than 18.2 not determinable concave parabola

10 PO4 1.002 0.919 More than 0.2 not determinable concave parabola

Ca, Mg, Ca+Mg

HARD WATER – SOFT VESSELSSOFT WATER – HARD VESSELS

These parameters show the highest statistical dependence – 1 to 2order higher than the rest of evaluated parameters.They have decisive influence on mortality rate of cardiovasculardiseases in the Slovak Republic.


DISCUSSION

From the group of evaluated chemical elements / parameters in Slovakgroundwater / drinking water the decisive impact on mortality rate forcardiovascular diseases was determined for groundwater contents ofCa, Mg and Ca+Mg.


DISCUSSION

Calculated limits of 3 most important elements in the groundwater compared with

the Slovak drinking water standards (NV SR 496/2010 Z.z.)

Element Drinking Water Standard* Limit valueOptimum

range of values

Ca+Mg (mmol.l-1) 1.1 – 5.0 2.9 – 9.1 4.4 – 7.6

Ca (mg.l-1) more than 30 more than 89.4 -

Mg (mg.l-1) 10 - 30 24.3 – 95.8 42 – 78.1

*recommended value that is desirable in water used for human consumption

The optimum contents are about 2-3 times higher than the Slovak drinking water standards.

CONCLUSION� From the group of evaluated chemical elements / parameters in Slovak groundwater /

drinking water the decisive impact on mortality rate for cardiovascular diseases wasdetermined for groundwater contents of Ca, Mg and Ca+Mg.

� Our derived limit and optimum contents are about 1 to 3 times higher than the Slovakdrinking water standards NV SR 496/2010 Z. z. (drinking water) and that is why werecommend to increase these standards for drinking water

� Final proposal of limit values for all evaluated health indicators will be compiled afterthe complex elaboration of chemical composition of groundwater with respect to a widerange of health indicators, mainly those characterizing oncological diseases, digestivesystem, respiratory system and endocrine system.

This issue is discussed in more detail in scientific paper published in current content magazineEnvironmental Geochemistry and Health:


Rapant, S. et al.: Chemical composition of groundwater and relative mortality forcardiovascular diseases in the Slovak Republic. In.: Environmental Geochemistry andHealth, DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9700-5


mean SR 269.47

order prvok Sr R2Limit content Optimum contents

Evaluation of

function dependency

contents

LL UL LL UL min max


2 HCO3 1.034 0.850not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinableconvex parabola 16.57 592.05

3 Ca+Mg 1.027 0.895 1.73 5.85 2.23 5.34 convex parabola 0.35 7.97

4 Ca 1.013 0.987 60.56 196.84 91.18 166.21 convex parabola 9.83 201.01

5 SO4 1.009 0.903not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinable

not


6 Cl 1.007 0.783not

determinable125.90 17.00 70.12 convex parabola 1.23 143.74

7 NO3 1.006 0.582not

determinable146.58 5.50 80.24 convex parabola 1.33 227.09

8 Mg 1.005 0.856 25.66 35.83 25.66 35.83 convex parabola 2.45 97.75

9 Na 1.003 0.549not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinable

not


10 Se 1.001 0.985not

determinable0.00

not

determinable

not


ReC00-C97 – relative mortality for oncological diseases, deaths per 100,000, malignant neoplasms

Mortality for oncological diseases vs. chemical composition of groundwater

Oncological diseases represent the second most common cause of deaths in Slovakia (cca 25 %)



mean SR 409.75

order element Sr R2 Limit content Optimum contents Evaluation of function

dependency

contents

LL UL LL UL min max

1 Mg 1.004 0.991not

determinable33.50

not

determinable

not


2 Ca+Mg 1.003 0.999 104.07not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinableconcave parabola 9.83 201.01

3 Ca 1.003 0.988not

determinable4.17

not

determinable

not


4 HCO3 1.002 0.991not

determinable345.03

not

determinable

not


5 Cl 1.001 0.997 39.59not

determinable

not

determinable

not


6 SiO2 1.001 0.994 20.55not

determinable

not

determinable

not


7 Mn 1.001 0.995not

determinable0.16

not

determinable

not


8 TDS 1.001 0.997 688.17not

determinable

not

determinable

not


9 CODMn 1.001 0.999 2.34not

determinable

not

determinable

not


10 SO4 1.001 0.999 88.92not

determinable

not

determinable

not


SMRC00-C97 - standardized mortality ratio - malignant neoplasms







mean SR 1103.67

order element Sr R2Limit content Optimum contents Evaluation of function

dependency

contents

LL UL LL UL min max

1 Ca+Mg 1.044 0.948not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinable

not



3 Ca 1.008 0.981 93.17 194.91 106.52 181.56 convex parabola 9.83 201.01

4 Mg 1.004 0.872not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinable

not


5 HCO3 1.002 0.949 271.97 514.98 272.58 514.37 convex parabola 16.57 592.05

6 Cl 1.002 0.963not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinable

not


7 Na 1.001 0.927not

determinable12.60

not

determinable

not


8 NO3 1.001 0.953not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinable0.00 1.33 227.09

9 Mn 1.001 0.998not

determinable0.08

not

determinable

not


10 SO4 1.001 0.919not

determinable

not

determinable

not

determinable

not


PYLLLC00-C97 - potential years of life lost due to malignant neoplasms per 100,000 of population



Contents of Ca, Mg, or water hardness (Ca+Mg) havethe most highest influence on oncological diseases.

At low (deficit contents) mortality for oncologicaldiseases increases.


A5: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

Historical mining areas, the most contaminated areas

Potential impact of contaminated areas on human health


Environmental-geochemical regionalization of the Slovak Republic


Impact of potentially toxic elements (PTE) on health status ofpopulation has been studied in three historical mining areas

Middle Slovak NeovolcanicsSlovak Ore Mts.Upper Nitra region


Contaminated and non-contaminated areas of the Slovak Republic


Middle Slovak Neovolcanics

AREA DESCRIPTION

ore extraction from middleage As, Sb, Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg, Au

paleozoic, metamorphic rocks (metavolcanics, metasediments) and various magmatic rocks

Slovak Ore Mts.

ore extraction from middle age Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Au,

neogene andesites, basalts and their pyroclastics

Upper Nitra region � brown coal extraction more 100 years As: 0.8-0.9 %,

S: >2 %

� power plant from 1993 intensive filters, decrease

of emissions about 98 %

tertiary sediments (sandstones, clays,

silts) in depression surrounded core and volcanic mountains

Contaminated and non-contaminated areas were delineatedbased on PTE contents in soils (Slovak limits for soils).

In groundwater / drinking water contents of PTE are,comparing contaminated and non-contaminated areas, verysimilar, relatively low and in major cases below the limitvalues for Slovak Drinking Water Standards.


In soils we observe relatively very high differences betweencontaminated and non-contaminated areas.


ResultsSelected values of environmental indicators in contaminated and non-contaminated areas of the Slovak Republic(mean values for all municipalities)

Contents of PTE in soils are significantly 2-5 x higher in contaminated areasContents of PTE in groundwater are not significantly higher in contaminated areas

MIDDLE SLOVAK NEOVOLCANICS UPPER NITRA SLOVAK ORE MTS.Contaminated

areaNon contaminated

areaContaminated


areaContaminated


area

SoilsAs 11.03 7.06 32.38 16.90 96.68 13.14Cd 3.34 0.60 0.24 0.34 0.79 0.31Cu 35.67 19.18 19.15 17.91 139.89 22.68Hg 0.16 0.08 0.15 0.10 3.03 0.18Pb 91.42 29.63 37.65 29.95 118.34 26.26Sb 2.96 1.53 1.23 0.97 76.79 2.36Zn 134.14 78.40 88.32 72.75 89.81 74.59Ca 1.14 0.96 1.47 1.55 0.65 0.91Mg 0.73 0.59 0.95 0.91 0.69 0.84

Carbonates 0.86 1.21 1.74 2.14 0.62 0.22

GroundwaterAs 0.00194 0.00160 0.02096 0.00194 0.01217 0.00165Cd 0.00139 0.00286 0.00444 0.00818 0.00054 0.00205Cu 0.00263 0.00239 0.00129 0.00169 0.00413 0.00112Hg 0.00014 0.00012 0.00015 0.00014 0.00016 0.00013Pb 0.00198 0.00106 0.00107 0.00193 0.00163 0.00104Sb 0.00024 0.00021 0.00019 0.00023 0.00941 0.00048Zn 0.17592 0.25344 0.20046 0.15462 0.12486 0.12066Ca 43.87 48.98 63.32 93.82 38.33 33.02Mg 11.75 13.25 18.65 25.72 14.09 9.88Ca+Mg 1.58 1.77 2.34 3.40 1.54 1.23

Characteristics of population health statusin contaminated and non-contaminated areas (data recalculated according to numberof inhabitants in respective municipalities)

Note*: 1 - Contaminated area2 - Non contaminated areasum_neg: SMRp - PYLLK

MIDDLE SLOVAK NEOVOLCANICS SLOVAK ORE MTS. UPPER NITRA1* 2* 1* 2* 1* 2*

LEp 71.10 70.99 71.12 71.53 73.55 73.45LEm 65.78 66.10 66.49 66.99 69.75 69.62LEw 75.96 75.65 72.88 74.95 77.06 77.13A60+ 18.16 17.89 15.31 16.91 17.87 17.99SMRp 112.40 112.15 112.25 110.32 94.98 94.38SMRm 122.67 117.58 115.75 111.37 94.07 91.57SMRw 105.94 107.21 110.60 109.88 94.74 96.03PYLL100 5,244.41 5,049.83 4,527.48 4,985.29 3 485.95 3 504.16ReC 252.60 240.31 211.78 229.03 223.96 238.11ReC1526 85.26 96.23 70.73 72.94 77.28 94.21ReC16 14.24 20.72 14.30 15.34 22.60 20.90ReC1820 27.41 32.32 24.46 20.60 23.02 28.49ReC3039 55.44 46.94 45.58 51.67 50.09 43.19ReC50 21.46 29.31 24.51 33.53 23.87 24.96ReC6468 16.07 8.46 12.02 13.40 9.60 10.98ReC8196 14.07 13.98 12.75 15.26 11.66 12.74ReC9195 6.05 8.11 6.13 6.74 4.78 5.21ReC00D48 241.58 242.61 212.62 229.40 223.83 240.48ReE 21.52 16.63 17.45 16.49 20.92 14.73ReI 760.28 668.37 582.93 682.26 613.95 617.30ReI2125 392.94 310.74 355.31 363.62 288.70 280.75ReI6364 141.29 108.41 46.26 126.98 55.71 79.70ReJ 82.12 101.82 73.29 79.76 52.40 49.87ReK 87.79 74.58 42.05 48.67 52.40 42.30ReN 17.62 15.99 11.57 17.83 12.21 10.66SMRC 103.88 100.01 104.66 99.71 93.86 98.75SMRC1526 98.08 112.33 97.17 88.23 90.88 107.90SMRC3039 114.40 93.69 110.51 102.84 98.88 83.05SMRC8196 91.45 92.29 97.83 110.76 79.44 87.30SMRE 119.57 103.60 131.67 109.24 129.10 89.61SMRI 119.99 108.75 114.98 116.24 98.25 98.33SMRI2125 100.30 104.62 137.26 118.20 91.62 86.94SMRI6364 168.81 140.90 74.89 174.76 75.50 102.84SMRJ 113.31 146.33 132.39 129.35 77.81 72.34SMRK 127.85 151.96 99.01 96.85 96.77 82.22SMRN 114.16 101.85 89.87 118.10 78.32 63.89PYLLC 1,216.72 1,101.53 1,062.55 1,126.65 925.65 975.03PYLLC1526 306.04 277.58 220.23 272.70 201.33 280.05PYLLC3039 242.30 227.34 200.19 232.48 193.05 151.50PYLLI 1,170.12 1,182.35 1,116.08 1,365.40 778.44 839.03PYLLI2125 578.20 555.64 596.50 728.38 360.04 350.23PYLLJ 245.71 286.85 272.24 266.66 74.51 71.90PYLLK 585.14 596.79 391.31 415.26 351.55 219.86sum_neg* 13,670,19 13,137,34 11,679,16 13,012,17 9,431,74 9,461,49


MIDDLE SLOVAK NEOVOLCANICS SLOVAK ORE MTS. UPPER NITRA1* 2* 1* 2* 1* 2*

ReC 252.60 240.31 211.78 229.03 223.96 238.11ReI 760.28 668.37 582.93 682.26 613.95 617.30ReJ 82.12 101.82 73.29 79.76 52.40 49.87ReK 87.79 74.58 42.05 48.67 52.40 42.30ReN 17.62 15.99 11.57 17.83 12.21 10.66SMRC 103.88 100.01 104.66 99.71 93.86 98.75SMRI 119.99 108.75 114.98 116.24 98.25 98.33PYLLC 1,216.72 1,101.53 1,062.55 1,126.65 925.65 975.03PYLLI 1,170.12 1,182.35 1,116.08 1,365.40 778.44 839.03sum_neg* 13,670.19 13,137.34 11,679.16 13,012.17 9,431.74 9,461.49

Note*: 1 - Contaminated area2 – Non-contaminated area

sum_neg: SMRV - PYLLK


No significant differences between health indicators in contaminated and non-contaminated areas were observed in any of the three regions

Summary health indicators – sum_neg

Middle Slovak Neovolcanics13,670 – 13,137 the same

Slovak Ore Mts.11,697 – 13,012It is in opposite (better situation is in contaminated area)

Upper Nitra region9,431 – 9,461


We found no significant impairment of the health of the populationliving in the areas with higher PTE contamination compared to non-contaminated areas. Surprisingly, no significant differences betweenthe health status of population living in contaminated areas and thatliving in non-contaminated areas were observed. Finally, we canconclude that if groundwater/drinking waters used for drinkingpurposes show no PTE contamination, the local population living inthese historical mining areas might be at much lower risk than hasbeen, in general, reported so far.

Conclusion

The methodology of this work is elaborated in more detail in scientific article:

Rapant, S., Cvečková, V., Fajčíková, K. Kohút, M. Sedláková, D.: Historical Mining Areas and Their Influence on Human Health.In: European Journal for Biomedical Informatics, Vol. 10 (2014), Issue 1, p 24-34


A5: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

Environmental and health regionalization

Objective:Provide summary information on:� Quality level of the environment� Health status of population

for all municipalities of the Slovak Republic in table and map form


HEALTH REGIONALIZATION

ENVIRONMENTAL REGIONALIZATION

� Groundwater� Soil

and

is available on the project website www.geology.sk/geohealth/


Health regionalizationElaborated based on 39 negative health indicators and their summary expression in the form ofsum_neg (SMRp – PYLLK00-K93).

Each Slovak municipality is characterized with:

� Health status level:

� Health indicators exceeding Slovak mean values in order of 10-50 %

� Health indicators exceeding Slovak mean values in order of >50 %

� very good� good� average� impaired� unfavourable


Evaluated health indicators - Košice regionHI_Kosice_region.pdfsum_negHI-SMRV-PYLLK00-K99: sum of negative health indicators health status: very good ≤ 8,000; good >8,000 ≤ 10,000; average >10,000 ≤ 14,000; impaired >14,000 ≤ 16,000; unfavourable >16,000

municipality health indicators exceeding Slovak mean values 10-50 % health indicators exceeding Slovak mean values >50% sum_negHI-SMRp-PYLLK00-K99 health status

district Gelnica

Gelnica SMRw, PYLL100, SMRE, SMRI, SMRI21-25, PYLLI, PYLLI21-25, PYLLJ 10,437.89 average

HelcmanovceReC30-39, ReC50, ReC64-68, ReI, SMRI, SMRI21-25, PYLLC15-26, PYLLC30-39, PYLLI21-25, PYLLK

ReC18-20, ReE, ReI21-25, ReN, SMRE, SMRN 9,686.33 good

Henclová SMRI, PYLLI21-25ReC, ReC15-26, ReC18-20, ReC30-39, ReC00-D48, ReI, ReI21-25, ReI63-64, ReN, SMRI63-64, SMRN, PYLLI

10,441.97 average

Hrišovce SMRp, SMRw, ReC, ReC18-20, ReC00-D48, ReI, SMRC, SMRJPYLL100, ReC16, ReC50, ReC64-68, ReE, ReJ, SMRE, PYLLC, PYLLJ, PYLLK

12,864.68 average

Jaklovce ReC18-20, ReC30-39, ReI, PYLLI PYLLI21-25 9,923.25 good

KluknavaSMRp, SMRw, ReC, ReC15-26, ReC16, ReC18-20, ReC30-39, ReC00-D48, ReI, SMRI21-25, SMRJ, SMRK, PYLLC30-39, PYLLI, PYLLI21-25

ReC50, ReE, ReI21-25, ReJ, ReK, SMRE, PYLLJ 11,892.04 average

Kojšov SMRm, PYLL100, ReC30-39, ReC64-68, SMRI21-25, SMRJ, PYLLJReC16, ReC18-20, ReC81-96, ReC91-95, ReI, ReI21-25, ReJ, ReK, SMRC81-96, SMRK, PYLLI, PYLLI21-25, PYLLK

14,749.39 impaired

Margecany SMRI, PYLLC15-26 ReC16, PYLLI, PYLLI21-25 10,129.43 average

Mníšek nad Hnilcom

SMRm, PYLL100, ReC16, ReE, ReI, SMRE, SMRI, SMRJ, PYLLK ReC64-68, ReI21-25, ReJ, SMRI21-25, PYLLI, PYLLI21-25, PYLLJ 14,046.30 impaired

NálepkovoSMRp, SMRm, SMRw, PYLL100, ReC81-96, ReK, ReN, SMRC, SMRC30-39, SMRC81-96, SMRI, SMRN, PYLLC, PYLLK

ReC64-68, ReE, ReJ, SMRE, SMRJ, SMRK, PYLLI 12,836.12 average

PrakovceSMRp, SMRm, SMRw, PYLL100, ReC30-39, SMRC30-39, SMRI, SMRN, PYLLC, PYLLK

ReE, SMRE, SMRI21-25, PYLLI, PYLLI21-25 12,392.66 average

Richnava SMRp, SMRm, SMRw, PYLL100, ReC16, SMRN ReC30-39, ReE, ReJ, SMRC30-39, SMRE, SMRJ, PYLLC30-39, PYLLJ 11,327.94 average

Smolnícka Huta ReC16, ReE, ReI, ReK, SMRC15-26, PYLLCPYLL100, ReC, ReC15-26, ReC18-20, ReC64-68, ReC00-D48, ReI21-25, ReN, SMRN, PYLLI, PYLLI21-25, PYLLK

15,754.99 impaired

SmolníkSMRp, SMRm, SMRw, ReC, ReC18-20, ReC30-39, ReC81-96, ReC00-D48, ReI, ReI63-64, ReK, ReN, SMRC, SMRC30-39, SMRI, SMRI21-25, SMRK, PYLLC, PYLLI

PYLL100, ReC64-68, ReC91-95, ReE, ReI21-25, ReJ, SMRE, SMRJ, PYLLI21-25, PYLLJ, PYLLK

17,139.09 unfavourable

Stará Voda SMRm, ReC, ReC00-D48, ReI63-64, SMRC30-39, SMRI, SMRJReC15-26, ReC16, ReC18-20, ReC30-39, ReC81-96, ReC91-95, ReI, ReI21-25, ReJ, ReK, SMRC81-96, SMRI21-25, SMRK, PYLLJ

6,280.67 very good

Švedlár ReC30-39, ReC81-96, ReN, SMRC, SMRI21-25, SMRI63-64 ReC50, SMRC30-39, SMRC81-96, SMRN, PYLLC30-39 8,738.79 good

Úhorná SMRm, ReK, SMRCSMRm, PYLL100, ReC, ReC15-26, ReC16, ReC18-20, ReC30-39, ReC50, ReC00-D48, ReE, ReI, ReI21-25, ReI63-64, ReJ, ReN, SMRC30-39, SMRE, SMRI63-64, SMRN, PYLLJ, PYLLK


Veľký FolkmarPYLL100, ReC15-26, ReI, SMRC, SMRC30-39, SMRJ, PYLLC15-26, PYLLC30-39

ReC, ReC16, ReC30-39, ReC64-68, ReC81-96, ReC91-95, ReC00-D48, ReE, ReI21-25, ReJ, SMRC81-96, SMRE, PYLLC

12,889.16 average

Žakarovce SMRm, ReC64-68, SMRI, SMRI21-25PYLL100, ReC, ReC15-26, ReC18-20, ReC30-39, ReC00-D48, ReI, ReI21-25, ReJ, ReN, SMRJ, PYLLI, PYLLI21-25, PYLLJ, PYLLK


Závadka ReC15-26, ReC81-96, ReI, ReI63-64, ReK, SMRC30-39, SMRJ, SMRN, PYLLIReC16, ReC18-20, ReC30-39, ReC91-95, ReJ, ReN, PYLLC30-39, PYLLI21-25

10,765.64 average

Example


Environmental regionalizationElaborated based on evaluation of chemical analyses of groundwater (20,339 analyses) comparedwith Slovak Drinking Water Standard and evaluation of chemical analyses of soils (10,738)compared with Slovak guideline for soil pollution.

� Level of pollution of groundwater, soils: � no pollution� low pollution� medium pollution� high pollution� very high pollution

� Elements in groundwater and soils exceeding Slovak limit values


Evaluated environmental indicators - Žilina regionEI_Zilina_region_groundwater_soil.pdfGROUNDWATER SOIL

IERgw - index of environmental risk for groundwater; groundwater quality: no pollution 0; low pollution >0 ≤ 1; medium pollution >1≤ 5; high pollution >5≤ 10; very high pollution >10; excess of limits for drinking water for Ca, Mg, Ca+Mg - green color value below lower limit, red color higher than upper limit

IERs - index of environmental risk for soil; soil quality: no pollution 0; low pollution >0 ≤ 1; medium pollution >1≤ 5; high pollution >5≤ 10; very high pollution >10

limit value: NV MZ SR 496/2010 limit value: law No. 220/2004, sandy-loamy, loamy soil type

municipality environmental indicators exceeding limit values IERgw water quality environmental indicators exceeding limit values IERs soil quality

district BytčaBytča 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.473 low pollution

Hlboké nad Váhom 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.259 low pollution

Hvozdnica 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.324 low pollution

Jablonové 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.234 low pollution

Kolárovice Mg 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.641 medium pollution

Kotešová 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.403 low pollution

Maršová - Rašov 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.433 low pollution

Petrovice Mg 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.671 medium pollution

Predmier 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.369 low pollution

Štiavnik Mg, Fe 0.118 low pollution Cr 0.411 low pollution

Súľov - Hradná 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.351 low pollution

Veľké Rovné Mg 0.000 no pollution Cr 0.797 medium pollution


A6: Elaboration of the proposal of measuresRecognition of problem is the base for its finding rigth solution

CALCIUMARSENIC

Within this action consist of elaboration of summarizing factsheets of proposal of measures to reduce or eliminate negative impact of geological environment on health state of residents in SR. The factsheet presents summarizing information for each of evaluated environmental indicators from the point of view of:- Toxic effects on human organism (due to excess or deficit) and minimal risk levels,- Concentration levels in geological environment of the Slovak Republic (groundwater and soils) and the source of their origin (natural / anthropogenic sources).

Examples of factsheets (in Slovak)


A7: Realization of measures(to reduce negative impact of geological environment on the health status of Slovak residents)

• Edification and environmental-health education Autumn 2015 – Spring 2016

10 informative meetings in selected Slovak municipalities(they have been already selected, these municipalities are characterized with the most unfavourable geological environment)

• Elaboration of proposal of legislative measureslist of EI and HI which we recommend to monitor

Oncological and CVD diseases (75 % of causes of deaths)

Contents of Ca, Mg and water hardness (expressed as Ca+Mg)(we recommend to increase them twice as much compared with Slovak Drinking Water Standards)


Dissemination activitiesAction C1: Notice board (2 notice boards)

Action C2: Website (more than 12,000 visitors)

Action C4: Any media work

Action C5: Workshop, seminar, conferenceInternational workshop May – June 2012International conference SEGH 2015

Action C6: Technical publications on the projectInternationa journal (current contents) – 3International journal – 1Slovak journal, konference Books of abstracts - > 10Conference abstracts - > 15

1 Press release1 TV session2 Radio reportages8 newspaper articles

Thank you very much for your attention

Presentation was compiled within the project GEOHEALTH

Project is financially supported by the EU’s funding instrument for the environment – Life+ programme and financial contribution of the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic

Aknowledgement


Documents

GEOHEALTH navstevaBrusel2015 pptx EN · determinable convex parabola 1.23 143.74 6 HCO 3 1.026 0.979 not determinable 241.90 326.10 567.90 convex parabola 16.57 592.05 7 SO 4 1.009