Gia trinh Access - dulieu.tailieuhoctap.vndulieu.tailieuhoctap.vn/books/cong-nghe-thong-tin/co-so-du-lieu/... · Access đã trở thành một trong những hệ quản trị

GII THIU

Microsoft Access l mt trong b phn mm ng dng vn phng ca

Microsoft Office (Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint,

Microsoft Access).

L phn mm qun tr c s d liu quan h d dng nht, Microsoft

Access tr thnh mt trong nhng h qun tr c s d liu khng th thiu

i vi ai quan tm n c s d liu quan h.

Chng 1 Gii thiu HQT CSDL Access ......................................................... 2

Chng 2 To lp C s d liu ....................................................................... 6

Chng 3 Thit k truy vn ............................................................................ 15

Chng 4 Thit k biu mu, bo co ............................................................ 36

Chng 5 BI TP CSDL QUN L SINH VIN ..................................... 52

Ti liu tham kho t: http://ebook.edu.net.vn Do cc ging vin Khoa CNTT, HSP H Ni bin son.

H qun tr CSDL Microsoft Access 2003

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Chng 1 Gii thiu HQT CSDL Access

Mc ch:

- Gip sinh vin nm c m hnh CSDL quan h. - Gip sinh vin hiu c khi nim HQT CSDL quan h v cc chc nng

ca mt HQT CSDL. - Sinh vin bit c kh nng ng dng ca Microsoft Access i vi cc bi

ton qun l va v nh. - Gip cho sinh vin c ci nhn tng quan v mi trng lm vic ca

Microsoft Access.

Ni dung

- Mt s khi nim c bn - HQT CSDL Microsoft Access - Mi trng lm vic ca Microsoft Access

1. Mt s khi nim c bn

1.1 Khi nim HQT CSDL quan h - C s d liu (Database): l mt tp hp cc d liu c lin quan vi nhau

cha thng tin v mt t chc no (nh mt trng i hc, mt ngn hng, mt cng ty, mt nh my, ...), c lu tr trn cc thit b nh th cp (nh bng t, a t, ) p ng nhu cu khai thc thng tin ca nhiu ngi s dng vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau.

- M hnh CSDL quan h: Theo m hnh ny, d liu c th hin trong cc bng. Mi bng gm cc dng v ct, mi ct c mt tn duy nht. Mi dng cho thng tin v mt i tng c th trong qun l (mi dng thng c gi l mt bn ghi hay mt b).

- HQTCSDL quan h: l phn mm to lp CSDL theo m hnh CSDL quan h v thao tc trn CSDL .

1.2 Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL quan h - Kh nng lu tr d liu lu di. - Truy nhp s lng ln thng tin mt cch hiu qu. - c xy dng trn m hnh d liu (quan h). - Ngn ng cp cao nh ngha v thao tc d liu. - ng b cc truy nhp cnh tranh. - Kim tra tnh ng n ca d liu v thm quyn truy nhp. - Phc hi.

TRUNG TM TIN HC - NGOI NG M C: 5 Ng Gia T - Hi An, T: 916740

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2. HQT CSDL Access

2.1 Kh nng v ng dng ca Access - Access l HQTCSDL quan h, ph hp vi cc bi ton qun l va v nh. - Access cung cp h thng cng c pht trin (Development tools) kh mnh

gip cc nh pht trin phn mm n gin trong vic xy dng trn gi cc d n phn mm qun l qui m va v nh.

- Access c dng : + Xy dng h c s d liu (phn c s d liu, cn phn pht trin phn

mm c th s dng cc cng c khc lm nh: Visual Basic, Visual C, Delphi, .Net, ).

+ Xy dng chn gi cc phn mm qun l quy m va v nh.

2.2 Ch lm vic ca Access - Ch s dng cng c c sn: Gip cho ngi s dng khng chuyn c th

xy dng chng trnh qun l. - Ch lp trnh: Dng ngn ng VBA (Visual Basic for Application), ngi

s dng chuyn nghip c th pht trin ng dng, kim sot cht ch d liu, phn quyn truy nhp.

2.3 Ngn ng nh ngha v thao tc d liu - Ngn ng QBE (Query By Example): cho php bn xy dng cc truy vn d

liu bng ca s thit k v bng cc cng c c sn. - Ngn ng SQL (Structure Query Language): cho php bn truy vn d liu

bng cc cu lnh c cu trc.

3. Mi trng lm vic ca Microsoft Access

3.1 Khi ng Access - Trn mn hnh desktop ca Window, kch chut vo nt Start chn

Progams/Microsoft Office/Micorosoft Office Access.


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3.2 H thng menu chnh ca Access - File: Cc thao tc c bn trn tp. - Edit: Cc thao tc son tho. - Create Shortcut: to li tt trn mn hnh Windows. - View: Cc ch quan st i tng. - Insert: Thm mt thnh phn vo i tng ang thit k. - Tools: Cc cng c, tin ch CSDL.

Relationship: Xem mi quan h gia cc bng trong CSDL. Database utilities: Cc tin ch c s d liu nh: + Chuyn i d liu gia cc phin bn (Convert). + Nn tp CSDL (Compact). + To menu nh cng c sn c (Switch Board). + Chia nh tp CSDL (Split). + To tp MDE, che giu cc thit k. + Bo mt quyn truy nhp (Security).

- Windows: Cch sp t cc ca s trn mn hnh. - Help: Tr gip


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3.3 Cc thnh phn ca CSDL Access - Bng (tables): Ni trc tip cha d liu. Access c th gp ti 32 768 i

tng (t hp cc bng, biu mu, bo biu, ), v c th m cng mt lc ti 1 024 bng nu nh c sn ti nguyn. C th nhp khu, kt ni cc bng t cc ng dng c s d liu khc nh Paradox, Excel, FoxPro, dBase,

- Truy vn (Queries): To ngun d liu cho cc giao din nhp liu, cc bo co ca ngi s dng trc tuyn,

- Biu mu (Form): Hin th d liu c trong cc bng hay truy vn v cho php b sung cc d liu mi, ng thi hiu chnh hay xa d liu hin c. C th kt hp nh v th vo biu mu, thm ch c m thanh.

- Bo co (Report): In d liu t cc bng hoc cc b hi theo hu nh bt k dng thc no bn mun. Access cho php b sung ha vo bo co.

- Macro: l mt hnh thc lp trnh n gin. N c dng gn kt cc i tng chnh trong chng trnh nh lin h gia cc form, to menu.

- Module: L chng trnh vit bng VBA.


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Chng 2 To lp C s d liu Mc ch

- Gip sinh vin bit cch m mt CSDL tn ti. - Gip sinh vin bit cch to mt CSDL mi hon ton, cch xy dng cc

bng cho CSDL ny. Ni dung

- To CSDL mi - M CSDL tn ti - To bng - Thit k cc thuc tnh ca bng - To quan h gia cc bng

1. To CSDL mi 1.1 To CSDL trng - Chn File/New trn thanh menu chnh s xut hin ca s new file bn phi ca

s lm vic ca Access. - Trong ca s new file chn Blank Database xut hin ca s File new database - t tn CSDL cn to vo mc File name, chn v tr t tp CSDL trong mc

Save in, sau kch chut vo nt Create to CSDL. Access to ra mt tp CSDL c tn trng vi tn CSDL v c ui l .mdb.

- Khi to mi mt CSDL theo cch ny, ca s lm vic ca CSDL s m ra v ngi s dng (NSD) phi t thit k tt c cc bng d liu, cc i tng khc cho CSDL.

1.2 To CSDL theo mu c sn - Chn File/new - Trong ca s New file chn mc On my computer, xut hin ca s Template. - Trong ca s Template chn trang Databases, chn mt CSDL mu c sn v

kch nt OK, ca s File new database xut hin bn t tn cho CSDL.

Chng trnh Database Wizard s c khi ng sinh ra c s d liu mu m bn chn.

To mi mt CSDL theo cch ny chng ta c mt CSDL mi c sn mt s bng, form, report, ... 2. M c s d liu

m mt CSDL tn ti chng ta chn File/ Open, ca s Open s xut hin. Trong ca s ny bn phi chn tp CSDL c ui .mdb, ri chn Open.

- Hoc, Chn biu tng trn thanh cng c (Toolbar). - Kt qu ca thao tc trn l m ra ca s lm vic ca CSDL.


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-

3. To bng

3.1 Cc kiu d liu - Text: Xu k t c di 255. - Memo: Vn bn di n khong 65000 k t. - Number: S thc, s nguyn. - Date/Time: Ngy gi. - Curency: Tin t. - Autonumber: S nguyn, t ng tng thm khi c bn ghi mi. - Yes/No: D liu logic, gi tr thc 0, 1. - OLE Object: nh hoc vn bn ln. - Hyperlink: a ch trang web.

3.2 To cu trc bng

Bc 1: M ca s thit k cu trc bng

Cch 1: T ca s Database, trong mc Object chn Tables -> Create table in Design view -> Design Cch 2: T ca s Database, trong mc Object chn Tables -> , ca s New Table nh sau xut hin. Trong ca s ny ta chn Design View -> OK. Mn hnh to bng


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Kt thc bc 1 ta c ca s to cu trc bng nh sau:

Bc 2: Thit k cc trng (ct) ca bng T ca s Table trn, chng ta ln lt thit k tng trng d liu nh sau:

- Nhp tn trng trong mc Field Name. - Chn kiu d liu ca trng trong mc Data Type - Ghi m t ca trng trong mc Description - Nhp cc thuc tnh (rng buc) ca trng ny trong cc phn General, phn

Lookup

Bc 3: Ghi li cu trc bng va to

- Chn biu tng trn thanh cng c. Ca s Save As xut hin


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- Nhp tn bng trong phn Table Name -> OK.

4. Rng buc d liu khi thit k bng

xc nh thuc tnh ca trng c th dng ngay hp thoi to bng.

- Field size ( rng): rng ca trng s hoc xu k t. - Format (khun dng): Khung dng ca d liu khi hin th, ph thuc vo

kiu d liu: s, ngy, gi, logic, khun dng c bit. - Input Mask (Mt n nhp): Dng ca d liu nhp. l mt xu k t, cha

nhng k t sau: K t ngha

0 Cc ch s. Bt buc nhp9 Cc ch s hoc du cch. Khng bt buc nhp. # Cc ch s, du + - hoc du cch. Khng bt buc nhp. L Ch ci . Bt buc nhp. ? Ch ci. Khng bt buc nhp.A Ch ci hoc ch s. Bt buc nhp.a Ch ci hoc ch s. Khng bt buc nhp.& K t bt k hoc khong trng. Bt buc nhp.

. , : - / Cc du phn cch cho kiu d liu s v ngy gi < i cc k t bn phi k t ny thnh ch thng. > i cc k t bn tri k t ny thnh ch hoa.

K t khc

Hin nguyn dng k t . Khng c lu trong bng. Tng t thuc tnh format. Dng cch ny ngi s dng d hiu hn.

Password Che giu thng tin khi nhp.

Nu khng quen s dng, kch hot nt gi Wizard.

- Default Value: Gi tr ngm nh. Thng l mt biu thc, c xut hin hng, cc hm mu v cc php ton.

- Required: (Yes/No, ngm nh l No) khng cho php a gi tr Null vo trng.

- AlloZeroLength: (Yes/No, ngm nh l No) ch dng cho cc trng kiu Text hoc Memo, cho php nhn gi tr l xu rng.

- Caption (Ph ): Tn ct khi hin bng ch Datasheet. - Validation Rule: Mt iu kin m d liu nhp vo trng phi tha. iu

kin c th dng:


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+ Cc hng: Phi dng cc du phn cch: Cp nhy kp cho xu k t, cp # cho ngy gi.

+ Cc php ton so snh: =, >, =, Relationship Hoc kch hot biu tng trn thanh cng c Hoc t ca s Database click chut phi -> Relationship.


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Mn hnh Show Table

T ca s Show Table chn cc bng - Tables (hoc truy vn Queries) cn thit lp quan h bng cch: Chn tn bng (tn truy vn) ->Add.

Bc 2: Thit lp quan h gia cc bng

- Xc nh quan h gia 2 bng + Xc nh cc trng dng kt ni 2 bng. t con tr ti trng lin

quan bng ny, gi chut tri v ko r sang trng lin quan bng kia. Bng nh sau xut hin:

Trong bng ny chng ta thc hin:

+ Xc nh ton vn tham chiu (rng buc khi sa d liu, rng buc khi xa d liu) trong mc Enforce Referential Integrity.

+ Xc nh kiu quan h gia 2 bng bng cch chn Join Type Trong ca s ny chng ta chn mt kiu quan h ph hp -> OK -> OK.

- Chn biu tng trn thanh cng c ghi li kt qu. - Cch hiu chnh quan h


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Bc 1: M ca s Relationships nh trong bc 1 ca phn a. Ca s Relationships xut hin nh sau: Trong ca s ny chng ta mun hiu chnh quan h gia 2 bng no chng ta chn ng lin kt gia 2 bng -> click chut phi ->Edit Relationship

Bc 2: Ca s Edit Relationship xut hin nh trong bc 2 ca phn a. Trong ca s ny chng ta thc hin cc hiu chnh cn thit tng t nh bc 2 ca phn a.


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6. Bi tp thc hnh

Mt c quan qun l nhn vin gm cc thng tin sau:

- Thng tin v phng lm vic ca cc nhn vin: m phng, tn phng, a ch phng. Mi phng c th c nhiu nhn vin.

- Thng tin c nhn ca nhn vin: m nhn vin, h tn, gii tnh, m phng lm vic

- Thng tin v trnh ngoi ng ca nhn vin: Mi nhn vin c th bit mt hoc nhiu ngoi ng khc nhau hoc c th khng bit mt ngoi ng no. Ngc li cng c nhng ngoi ng c lit k trong danh sch nhng cha c nhn vin no hc.

C s d liu thit k cho bi ton trn nh sau:

Bng PHONG lu tr thng tin v cc phng ban trong c quan. STT Tn trng Kiu rng ngha Rng buc1 MAPHONG Text 3 M phng ban 3 ch ci2 TENPHONG Text 40 Tn phng ban 3 DIACHI Text 50 a ch phng ban 4 TEL Text 10 S in thoi S hoc du cch

Bng DMNN lu tr danh mc cc ngoi ng

STT Tn trng Kiu rng ngha Rng buc1 MANN Text 2 M ngoi ng 2 ch s2 TENNN Text 20 Tn ngoi ng

Bng NHANVIEN lu tr thng tin chung v nhn vin:

STT Tn trng Kiu rng ngha Rng buc 1 MANV Text 5 M nhn vin 2 k t u l ch ci, 3

k t cn li l ch s2 HOTEN Text 40 H v tn3 NAM Yes/No Gii tnh Nam:True, N:False 4 NGAYSINH Date/Time Ngy sinh Nhn vin t 18 n 70

tui 5 LUONG Number Long

IntegerLng chnh T 540000 n

6000000 6 MAPHONG Text 3 M phng ban Phi tn ti trong bng

PHONG 7 ANH OLE

Object nh nhn vin

8 NGAYBC Date/Time Ngy vo bin ch

Ngy bin ch < ngy sinh 18 nm tr ln.


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Bng TDNN lu tr thng tin v trnh ngoi ng ca cc nhn vin trong c quan.

STT Tn trng Kiu rng ngha Rng buc 1 MANV Text 5 M nhn vin Phi tn ti trong bng

NHANVIEN 2 MANN Text 2 M ngoi ng Phi tn ti trong bng

DMNN3 TDO Text 1 Trnh ngoi ng A, B, C, D, E, F Ghi ch: Cc trng in m thuc kha chnh


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Chng 3 Thit k truy vn Mc ch - Gip sinh vin bit cch lc v tm kim thng tin trong c s d liu bng

cch thc hin truy vn QBE, SQL. Ni dung

- Tng quan v truy vn - Cc ton t trong Microsoft Access - Thit k truy vn QBE - Thit k truy vn SQL

1. Tng quan v truy vn

a. Tc dng ca truy vn

- Dng tr li cc cu hi c tnh cht tc thi. - B hi c dng la chn cc bn ghi (record), cp nht cc bng v b

sung cc bn ghi mi vo bng. - Dng lm ngun d liu cho cc biu mu, bo co. - To lp, cp nht CSDL.

b. Trong Access, ngi ta chia truy vn thnh cc loi chnh sau:

- Truy vn chn (Select Query): Thc hin vic tm kim (k c tnh ton). - Truy vn Crosstab: Thc hin thng k trn CSDL. - Truy vn hnh ng (Action Query): Cho php cp nht CSDL gm b sung,

loi b hay thay i. - Truy vn nh ngha d liu, truy vn hp. - Truy vn Pass Through: Gi lnh SQL ti CSDL qua ODBC (v d nh

CSDL SQL server) trn server thao tc d liu trn .

c. Kt qu ca truy vn hin th di dng bng.

- Bng ny c th thuc 2 loi: Dynaset, Snapshot.

d. Ngn ng xy dng truy vn

- QBE: Dng thit k cc truy vn thao tc d liu mc tng i n gin. - SQL: Xy dng tt c cc loi truy vn.

2. Cc ton t trong Access a. Ton t s hc

Ton t M t V d

+ Cng hai ton hng [lng]+[ph cp]


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- Tr hai ton hng Date-30-(ton t n)

Thay i du ca mt ton hng -12345

* Nhn hai ton hng [h s]*[lng c bn]

/ Chia mt ton hng voi mt ton hng khc

15.2/12.55

\ Chia mt ton hng s nguyn vi mt ton hng s nguyn khc.

\2

Mod Tr v s d ca php chia vi mt s nguyn.

5 Mod 2

^ Nng ly tha mt ton hng (s m) 4^3 b. Ton logic

Ton t M t V d Kt qu

And V lgic True And True True And False

True False

Or Or baog gm True Or False False Or False

True False

Not Khng lgic Not True Not False

False True

Xor Or loi tr True Xor False True Xor True

True False

c. Hm ngy v gi

Hm M t V d Tr v Date() Tr v ngy hin ti ca h

thng Date() 22/1/2005

Day (exp) Tr v mt ngy trong mt thng

Day (#7/15/2004#) 15

Month(exp) Tr v mt thng trong mt nm

Month(#7/15/2004#) 7

Weekday(exp) Tr v mt ngy trong tun Weekday(#1/23/2005#) 2 Year(exp) Cho bit nm ca biu thc Year(#1/23/2005#) 2005

d. Hm x l kiu d liu trng Text

Hm M t V d Tr

v Format(exp) nh dng biu thc theo cc

dng thc thch hp. Format(Date(), dd-mm-yyyy )

23-Jul-2005


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LCase(exp)

Tr v phin bn ch thng ca mt chui.

LCase(Lan)

lan

UCase(exp) Tr v phin bn ch hoa ca mt chui.

UCase(Lan) LAN

LTrim(exp) Xa tt c cc du cch u chui.

LTrim ( Lan) Lan

RTrim(exp) Xa tt c cc du cch cui chui.

RTrim(Lan ) Lan

Trim(exp) Xa tt c cc du cch u v cui chui.

Trim ( Lan ) Lan

Str(exp) Chuyn mt s thnh mt chui.

Str(123.45) 123.45

Val(exp) Chuyn mt chui thnh mt s Val(123.45) 123.45

e. Hm ton hc v hm lng gic Hm M t V d Tr v Abs(exp) Tr v gi tr tuyt i ca

mt s Abs(-1234.5) 1234.5

Atn(exp) Hm arctang, tnh theo radian.

Atn(1) 0.7853982

Cos(exp) Hm cosin, tnh theo radian.

Cos(pi/4) 0.707106719949

Exp(ex) Hm ex Exp(2.302585) 9.999999070

Int(exp) Tr v phn nguyn ca gi tr s

Int(13.5) Int(-13.5)

13.5 -13.5

Log(exp) Hm logarit c s e. Log(10) 2.302585Sgn(exp) Hm du Sgn(-13.5)

Sgn(13.5)-1 0

Sin(exp) Hm sin, tnh theo radian. Sin(pi/4) 0.707106842423

Sqr(exp) Hm cn bc hai. Sqr(144) 12 Tan(exp) Hm tang, tnh theo

radian. Tan(pi/4) 1.0000001

723

f. Cc ton t khc

Ton t M t V d Is c dng vi Null xc nh mt gi tr

no c phi l Null hay Not NullIs Null Is Not Null

Like Xc nh mt gi tr chui c bt u bng mt hay nhiu k t. ( Like lm vic

Like Jon* Like FILE????


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ng n, ta phi b sung mt du i din *, hoc mt hay nhiu du ?)

In Xc nh mt gi tr chui c thuc mt thnh phn ca danh sch cc gi tr hay khng.

In (CA, OR, WA)

Between Xc nh mt s c nm trong mt min gi tr ch nh hay khng.

Between 1 And 5


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3. Thit k truy vn QBE

3.1 Cc bc to truy vn QBE: Bc 1: T ca s Database ta lm theo mt trong hai cch sau:

- Cch 1: T ca s Database, trong mc Object chn Query -> New -> Design View -> OK

- Cch 2: T ca s Database, trong mc Object chn Query -> Create Query in Design View -> Sau bc mt ta c ca s thao tc nh sau:

Bc 2: T ca s Show Table chn cc bng d liu hoc cc truy vn lin quan n cu hi, bng cch Chn tn bng (hoc tn truy vn) -> Add. Kt thc qu trnh chn bng, truy vn chn Close.

V d, cu hi lin quan n 2 bng PHONG, NHANVIEN chng ta c ca s:


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- Field: Cc trng lin quan n truy vn. C th xut hin kt qu hoc iu kin tm kim. Trng kt xut c dng :

- Table: Bng cha trng c la chn. - Sort: Sp th t kt qu theo th t tng hoc gim. - Show: Trng xut hin kt qu. - Criteria: iu kin chn c dng:

Hoc

Hai biu thc trn c th vit trn mt dng s t hp thnh iu kin and. Or: Tm kim theo iu kin Or. C th thm dng.

Buc 3: La chn cc trng cn hin th trong kt qu ca truy vn hoc lin quan n cc iu kin tm kim. Sau , son tho cc iu kin tm kim trong phn Criteria.

Bc 4: Thc hin truy vn bng mt trong hai cch sau:

- Cch 1: Chn biu tng ! trn thanh cng c. - Cch 2: Trn thanh menu chn Query\Run.

Bc 5: Ghi li kt qu truy vn (nu mun) bng cch:

- Cch 1: Chn biu tng a mm trn thanh cng c. - Cch 2: Trn thanh menu chn File\Save.

3.2 Mt s truy vn QBE a. Truy vn la chn

V d 1: Cho bit h tn, tn phng lm vic ca cc nhn vin c tiu chun v hu trong nm nay: nam t 60 tui tr nn, n t 55 tui tr nn.


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V d 2: a ra danh sch nhn vin n trong c quan

b. Truy vn tnh ton

Cc bc thit k mt truy vn tnh ton:

- To mt truy vn mi nh trong phn 3.1 - Chuyn t truy vn chn thng thng trong phn a (truy vn chn) sang truy

vn tnh ton bng cch chn biu tng totals trn thanh cng c hoc trn thanh menu chn View -> Totals.


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Sau khi thc hin cc bc trn, ca s ca truy vn tnh ton c dng nh sau:

Trong mc Total ca mi ct c nhng la chn sau:

- Group by: Dng ch ra trng no l trng phn nhm. - Sum: Tnh tng. - Avg: Tnh trung bnh. - Min: Tm gi tr nh nht. - Max: Tm gi tr ln nht. - Count: m. - StDev: Tm lch chun. - Var: Tm phng sai. - First: Tm bn ghi u tin. - Last: Tm bn ghi cui cng. - Expression: Mt biu thc trong tnh ton, i km vi mt tnh ton bng hm

th vin khc. - Where: iu kin lc cc bn ghi tham gia vo tnh ton.

V d 1: Tnh tin thng cho nhn vin phng K thut bng 2,5 lng trung bnh.


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V d 2: Thit k truy vn ngun d liu cho bng tng hp lng trong ton c quan bao gm: tn phng, tng lng m phng c nhn.

V d 3: m s nhn vin n trong c quan

c. Truy vn tham s Khi thc hin truy vn, mn hnh nhp gi tr tham s s xut hin:


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Truy vn s c thc hin vi gi tr tham s c nhp t bn phm cho kt qu hoc iu kin.

Cch to truy vn tham s

- Thc hin cc bc to truy vn nh trong phn 3.1 - bin mt i tng no thnh truy vn, ch cn bao n bi cp ngoc vung

V d 1: Thit k truy vn chun b ngun d liu cho danh sch nhn vin n nhn tin thng 8-3. S tin nhp vo t bn phm.

V d 2: a ra danh sch nhn vin mt phng, gm m nhn vin, h tn, ngy sinh, tn phng. M phng nhp t bn phm.


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d. Phn bit quan h kiu Inner Join v Outer Join

V d: Tnh tng s nhn vin trong cc phng ca c quan. C th c phng mi thnh lp cha c nhn vin. Khi , tng s nhn vin ca phng phi l khng. Nu dng inner Join th khng a ra c nhng phng c s nhn vin l 0. Mun th hin ng kt qu php kt ni trong truy vn phi l outer Join (Left Join). Trng hp 1: Dng inner Join

Kt qu:


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Trng hp 2: Dng Outer Join Cch to truy vn Outer Join Sau khi m ca s thit k truy vn. Chn kiu truy vn thch hp: truy vn chn, truy vn tnh ton, truy vn tham s,

Mun chuyn lin kt gia 2 bng no thnh Outer Join, ta kch chut phi vo lin kt -> chn Join Properties. Mn hnh c dng

Chn 2, hoc 3 l kiu kt ni Outer Join. Chn 1 l kiu kt ni Inner Join. Sau thc hin truy vn bng cch chn biu tng ! hoc trn thanh menu chn Query -> Run. Trong trng hp ca v d ny, chng ta ang cn m s nhn vin ca mt phng, c th c nhng phng cha c nhn vin. Do , chng ta chn kiu quan h gia bng NHANVIEN v bng PHONG l kiu s 2.

Sau khi chn kiu quan h l 2 th ca s truy vn c dng:

Kt qu thc hin truy vn :


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e. Truy vn b sung

Khi cn b sung d liu vo CSDL c th thc hin theo cc cch sau:

- B sung cc bng ghi n l: M bng hoc form, thm mt s dng. - B sung d liu c sn t cc bng hoc query khc vo bng cn lu

bng cch: lp truy vn b sung.

to truy vn b sung mi bng QBE ta lm nh sau:

- To truy vn mi nh trong 3.1 - Trn mn hnh thit k truy vn chn mi, chuyn sang truy vn b sung

bng cch chn menu Query -> Append Query. Ca s sau xut hin. Chn bng cn b sung thng tin trong mc Table Name, sau chn OK.

- Xc nh cc gi tr sau:

Field: Cc trng lin quan - trng cho d liu hoc c mt trong iu kin chn. Table: Tn bng cha trng c chn. Sort: Sp xp d liu s b sung theo th t tng hoc gim ca trng c chn. Append To: Trng nhn d liu. Ngm nh l trng trng tn trong bng nhn. Criteria: iu kin chn cc bn ghi b sung.

- Chn biu tng ! thc hin truy vn. - M bng LUU xem kt qu. - M truy vn ch Datasheet xem d liu thm vo CSDL c ng

nh ta mong mun khng.

V d 1: a vo bng LUU thng tin v nhn vin vi m nhn vin nhp t bn phm.

- u tin to truy vn mi nh trong 3.1 - Chn cc bng cha thng tin lin quan: NHANVIEN, PHONG. - Chn menu Query -> Append Query. Trong ca s Append, chn LUU

trong Table Name.


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- B sung cc iu kin cn thit nh trong hnh sau:

f. Truy vn loi b

Nu loi b mt s bn ghi n l, c th loi b trc tip trn bng hoc form. Truy vn loi b c s dng khi loi b cc bn ghi tha mn iu kin no c th c thit k bng QBE hoc bng SQL chy t ng trong chng trnh.

Cc bc to truy vn loi b:

- To truy vn mi, trn mn hnh Show Table chn cc bng lin quan n truy vn. Gm mt bng cn loi b v cc bng lin quan n iu kin loi b.

- Trn thanh menu chn Query -> Delete Query. Ca s thit k truy vn loi b nh sau:

Field: Bng cn xa thng tin, cc trng lin quan n iu kin. Delete: Access t in l From hoc Where. Criteria v Or: in iu kin chn bn ghi loi b.

- Kch hot biu tng Datasheet View.


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Ch : Khi thit k truy vn loi b phi nh thit lp thuc tnh Cascade Delete (trong ca s thit lp quan h gia cc bng) trnh phi thc hin nhng thao tc khng cn thit. V d 1: Xa thng tin v mt nhn vin, vi m nhn vin nhp t bn phm.

g. Truy vn thay i.

Thay i cc gi tr n l: Trc tip trn bng hoc Form. Khi cn thay i hng lot bn ghi tha mn iu kin no : To truy vn thay i. Cc bc to truy vn thay i:

- To truy vn mi, chn cc bng lin quan: Mt bng cn thay i d liu v cc bng lin quan n iu kin.

- Trn thanh menu chn Query -> Update Query. Ca s thit k truy vn thay i nh sau:

Field: Trng cn thay i hoc c lin quan n iu kin. Update To: Gi tr mi ca trng. Criteria: iu kin chn bn ghi thay i.


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Trc khi thc hin truy vn thay i, cng cn xem trc nhng bn ghi c thay i xem s thay i c ph hp vi yu cu khng? Ch : Tng t nh thao tc loi b ch n vic xc lp ty chn Cascade Update trnh nhng thao tc thay i khng cn thit. V d 1: Thc hin nhng thay i sau y vi nhng nhn vin vo bin ch trc 1/1/1995. i ngy bin ch thnh 1/1/95, tng gp i s lng.

Dng trong cc biu mu thng k. c trng quan trng l c th chuyn d liu trong bng thnh tiu ct, hng. V d, kt qu ca 1 truy vn Crosstab cho bit s nhn vin nam ca mi phng, s nhn vin n ca mi phng c dng:

Cc bc to truy vn Crosstab: - To truy vn mi, chn bng hoc truy vn ngun d liu lin quan. - Trn thanh menu chn Query -> Crosstab Query - Chn cc trng nhm theo hng. - Chn cc trng nhm theo ct. - Chn gi tr lu cc (giao ca mt hng v mt ct), c th dng cc hm th vin SUM, COUNT, . . . tnh ton.

V d 1: Mt truy vn tnh tng s nam, n trong tng phng, chun b ngun d liu cho bo co v t l nam, n trong tng phng:


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Kt qu ca truy vn

4. Thit k truy vn SQL

4.1 Cch m ca s thit k truy vn SQL Bc 1: T ca s Database, trong mc Objects chn i tng Querys -> Create query in Design view. Sau bc ny ca s Show tables xut hin (nh trong phn thit k truy vn QBE).

Bc 2: ng ca s Show table ny li, trn menu chn View -> SQL View. Ca s thit k SQL xut hin, v chng ta son cu lnh SQL trong ca s ny. Bc 3: thc hin cu lnh SQL chn biu tng ! trn thanh cng c

4.2 C php ca cu lnh SQL

SELECT [DISTINCT|ALL]{*| | [AS ]} FROM [] [, ] [WHERE ] [GROUP BY ] [HAVING ] [ORDER BY ] Trong :


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- biu thc ct: l tn ca mt ct hoc mt biu thc. - tn bng: l tn ca mt bng hoc mt khung nhn. - b danh: l mt tn vit tt ca tn bng. - GROUP BY dng nhm cc bn ghi c cng gi tr trong danh sch tn ct dng gp nhm thnh mt nhm. - HAVING dng lc cc nhm tha mn iu kin la chn nhm. - ORDER BY qui nh th t cc bn ghi trong kt qu tr ra, th t cc bn ghi c sp xp da vo gi tr trong ca cc ct trong danh sch ct dng sp xp. Khi vit lnh SQL cn ch : - Phn t trong cp du [ ]: l phn c th s dng hoc khng. - Nhng phn t trong cp du {} : bt buc phi la chn mt s gi tr trong cp du ngoc ny.

- Phn t trong cp du : l phn bt buc phi c khi vit lnh SQL.

Mt s loi iu kin c th t sau t kha WHERE - So snh gi tr ca hai biu thc. - Kim tra xem gi tr ca mt biu thc c nm trong mt khong gi tr xc nh khng. - Kim tra xem gi tr ca mt biu thc c bng mt trong cc gi tr thuc mt tp hp xc nh khng. - Kim tra xem mt ct c cha gi tr null khng. Mt s ton t dng trong SQL - Ton t so snh: >, =, 2300000

V d 2 Tm tn cc nhn vin c m n v l P4 v lng thp hn 2500000.

SELECT manv, ho_ten, ma_dv, luong FROM nhan_vien WHERE ma_dv=P4 AND luong < 2500000

4.3 Kt ni cc bng

Trong trng hp cu hi lin quan n nhiu bng chng ta cn kt ni cc bng vi nhau. C 2 kiu kt ni l kt ni trong (INNER JOIN) v kt ni ngoi (LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN). V d, kt ni bng nhanvien va bng phong da trn iu kin kt ni


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nhanvien.maphong=phong.maphong - Kt ni trong: mt b trong bng nhanvien s c kt ni vi mt b trong bng phong khi v ch khi maphong ca hai b ny bng nhau.

- Kt ni ngoi: Nu nhanvien LEFT JOIN phong ON nhanvien.maphong=phong.maphong th vi mt b t trong bng nhanvien c ghp vi mt b k trong bng phong nu hai b ny c maphong bng nhau, nu khng tm thy b no trong bng phong c maphong bng maphong ca b t th b t c ghp vi mt b c gi tr null trong bng phong. Kt ni nhanvien RIGHT JOIN phong ON nhanvien.maphong = phong.maphong cho kt qu bng kt ni phong LEFT JOIN nhanvien ON nhanvien.maphong=phong.maphong.

V d 1: Tm nhng ngoi ng m cha c nhn vin no hc? Cch 1: SELECT mann, tenn

FROM dmnn LEFT JOIN tdnn ON dmnn.mann=tdnn.mann WHERE tdnn.mann IS null

Cch 2: SELECT mann, tenn

FROM dmn

WHERE mann NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT mann FROM tdnn)

V d 2: Cho bit m nhn vin, h tn, lng ca cc nhn vin lm phng "k thut? Cch 1: SELECT manv, hoten, luong

FROM nhanvien INNER JOIN phong ON nhanvien.maphong=phong.maphong WHERE tenphong="k thut"

Cch 2:SELECT manv, hoten, luong

FROM nhanvien, phong WHERE nhanvien.maphong = phong.maphong AND tenphong="k thut"

V d 3:Cho bit m nhn vin, h tn, ngy sinh ca nhng nhn vin c ting Anh t trnh t C tr ln.

SELECT nhanvien.manv, hoten, ngaysinh FROM (nhanvien INNER JOIN tdnn ON nhanvien.manv=tdnn.manv) INNER JOIN dmnn ON tdnn.mann=dmnn.mann WHERE tennn=Anh AND tdo>=C


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Ch : Khi s dng nhiu bng trong cu lnh SQL vi nhng thuc tnh xut hin nhiu bng, khi s dng cn ch r chng ta dng thuc tnh bng no, bng cch vit: ..

4.4 S dng cc hm gp, GROUP BY, HAVING

SQL s dng mt s hm gp sau: - COUNT: m s cc gi tr trong mt ct. - SUM: tnh tng cc gi tr trong mt ct. Hm ny ch p dng cho cc gi tr kiu s. - AVG: tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt ct. Hm ny ch p dng cho cc gi tr kiu s. - MIN: tm gi tr nh nht trong s cc gi tr ca mt ct. - MAX: tm gi tr ln nht trong s cc gi tr mt ct. Tr hm COUNT(*), cn cc hm khc u b qua cc gi tr null trong cc gi tr u vo ca chng. V d 1: Cho bit s nhn vin, v tng lng ca ton c quan? SELECT COUNT(manv) AS sonv, SUM(luong) AS tongluong FROM nhanvien V d 2: Cho bit lng cao nht, lng trung bnh ca mi n v? Thng tin a ra gm: m phng, tn phng, lng cao nht, lng trung bnh ca phng . SELECT phong.maphong, tenphong, MAX(luong) AS maxluong, AVG(luong) AS luongtb FROM nhanvien INNER JOIN phong ON nhanvien.maphong=phong.maphong GROUP BY phong.maphong, tenphong

V d 3: Cho bit s nhn vin lm vic n v c m s P1 v tng lng ca h. SSELECT COUNT(manv) AS sonv, SUM(luong) AS tongluong FROM nhanvien WHERE maphong=P1' V d 4:a ra lng cao nht v tng lng ca nhng n v c tng lng trn 4 triu. SELECT maphong, MAX(luong) AS maxluong, SUM(luong) AS tongluong FROM nhanvien GROUP BY maphong HAVING SUM(luong)>4000000

4.5 Truy vn lng nhau

Mt truy vn con l mt biu thc SELECTFROMWHERE c lng trong mt truy vn khc. Kt qu ca truy vn con c s dng cho cu truy vn SELECTFROMWHERE bn ngoi. Truy vn con c th xut hin trong WHERE, HAVING ca truy vn ngoi, hoc xut hin trong cc cu lnh INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.


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Mt s lng t thng dng trong cu truy vn lng nhau: ALL (tt c), SOME (mt vi), EXIST (tn ti).

V d 1: Tm m s v tn nhng nhn vin phng K thut. SELECT manv, ho_ten FROM nhan_vien WHERE ma_dv = (SELECT ma_dv FROM phong WHERE ten_phong="K thut) V d 2: Cho bit tn v lng ca nhng ngi c lng cao hn lng ca mi nhn vin thuc n v m P2. SELECT ho_ten, luong FROM nhan_vien WHERE luong> ALL (SELECT luong FROM nhan_vien WHERE ma_dv=P2)

V d 3: Cho bit tn phng c lng trung bnh cao nht. SELECT ten_phong FROM phong WHERE ma_dv IN (SELECT ma_dv FROM nhan_vien GROUP BY ma_dv HAVING AVG(luong)>=ALL SELECT AVG(luong) FROM nhan_vien

GROUP BY ma_dv)


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Chng 4 Thit k biu mu, bo co

Mc ch

- Gip sinh vin bit cch thc hin cc cng vic sau: - To cc ca s tra cu v cp nht thng tin thng qua vic thit k cc

biu mu (form). - To cc bo co (report) mang tnh cht thng k, tng hp thng tin t d

liu c trong CSDL. Ni dung

- Thit k biu mu (form) - Thit k bo co (report)

1. Thit k biu mu (form)

Biu mu (form) l giao din ch yu gia ngi v my. Do vy biu mu thng dng trong cc trng hp sau: - Thit k mn hnh nhp d liu. - Thit k menu. - Thit k cc mn hnh tra cu thng tin. - To cc mn hnh gii thiu, tr gip.

Yu cu khi thit k giao din phi lm sao tht thun tin cho ngi s dng, tc l hon ton ging vi nhng g m ngi s dng thng dng trong thc t. Access h tr nhiu cng c gii quyt yu cu ny. Mi i tng xut hin trn form c gi l iu khin. iu khin c chia thnh 3 loi chnh:

1. iu khin b buc (Bound Control): l iu khin c ngun d liu ly t CSDL. Nh iu khin b buc ta c th:

- Tra cu thng tin trong CSDL. - Cp nht thng tin vo CSDL.

2. iu khin khng b buc (Unbound Control): iu khin m thng tin khng gn vi ngun d liu. Thng gp di dng tiu ng k Cng c th l hp vn bn (text box) dng nhp d liu trong trng hp c bit. 3. iu khin tnh ton c (Calculate Control): iu khin m gi tr ca n c tnh ton t gi tr ca cc iu khin khc.

1.1 Thit k biu mu mi

Cch 1: T ca s database, trong phn Objects chn Form -> Create form in Design view hoc Create form by using winzard ->


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Cch 2: T ca s database, trong phn Objects chn Form/New, ca s New Form nh sau xut hin

Trong ca s New Form chn Design View.

Mn hnh thit k form nh sau xut hin:

Trong ca s thit k form ny, quan trng nht l Fieldlist v Toolbox, chng ta c th lm xut hin hay n 2 cng c ny bng cch: t ca s thit k form trn, chn View/Fieldlist ( lm xut hin hoc n Fieldlist), chn View/Toolbox ( lm xut hin hoc n Toolbox).


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- Fieldlist: Dng trong trng hp form b buc vo ngun d liu no .

- Hp cng c ToolBox: thit k cc iu khin trn form

1.2 Thit k cc iu khin trn biu mu

a. V tr ca cc iu khin Khi thit k cc iu khin, ngi ta quan tm n v tr ca n trn form. Mn hnh thit k form:


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- Page header/Page fooder: l tiu u v cui mi trang. - Form header/Form fooder: Form header, dng cha cc tiu (nh tn form, tn trng). Form fooder, dng cha cc nt lnh thao tc trn bn ghi hoc cc dng tng cng. - Detail: Phn quan trng nht ca form. Vi nhng form c d liu, y chnh l phn lp li vi mi bn ghi. Do vy mun d liu c hin th nh nhng phiu nhp d liu, dn dc cc iu khin trn phn Detail. Mun d liu hin th di dng bng, dn hng ngang cc iu khin trn phn Detail. Ring vi form dng Datasheet, ch cn ko cc iu khin vo detail ca form, khng cn quan tm n v tr ca n. b. Cn chnh cc iu khin

C th sao chp, ct dn, xa cc iu khin (Tt nhin ch vi mt s loi no )

- nh du cc iu khin:

nh du theo ct nh du theo hng nh du theo khung nh du cc iu khin ri rc (shift+nhp chut)

- Cn chnh cc iu khin: Chn mc format

Ging u: Align Khong cch gia cc iu khin: Vertical Spacing,Horizontal Spacecing Lm cho cc iu khin c cng rng, chiu cao: Size

c. iu khin hp vn bn (Textbox)

Hp vn bn l iu khin quan trng nht trn form. y l loi iu khin c th thuc c 3 loi: B buc, khng b buc, v tnh ton c.


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- Nu iu khin khng l b buc, thng iu khin nm trong form khng c ngun d liu. Nh vy, n dng nhp d liu vo mt bin nh dng trong so snh, tnh ton hoc lm trung gian khi nhp d liu vo bng. to iu khin dng ny, ko t toolbox vo. - Nu iu khin l b buc th form phi c ngun d liu. Hin Fieldlist hin th danh sch cc trng. Ko t Fieldlist vo form, ta c textbox b buc vi cc trng c la chn. - Nu l iu khin tnh ton th trc ht to nh mt iu khin khng b buc, sau a cc biu thc vo

+ Chnh iu khin + Thuc tnh Control Source ca iu khin, y cn c th gi Expression Builder.

C th quan tm n cc thuc tnh ca iu khin TextBox: ( gii thch ngha khi to bng). + Khng b buc + B buc, d liu trong ton bng khng tha cc thuc tnh nhng d liu c nhp ti form li phi tha nhng thuc tnh . Cc thuc tnh khc c th quy nh khun dng ca iu khin, chng hn mu nn, font ch, cch cn l (tri, phi), thanh cun (ScrollBar).

d. Nhn - Nhn dng lm tiu , ch gii, - Ch yu quan tm n hnh thc trnh by trn nhn: font, mu sc, C th kch hot vo biu tng hoc i gi tr thuc tnh. - Khi dng ch trong nhn qu ln so vi kch c ca nhn, c th chnh t ng bng cch dng format/size/to fit. - Mun xung dng gia chng: Ctrl+Enter. e. iu khin nh

Trong Access iu khin nh c th l:

- Image: Cho php chn mt s tp nh: bmp, wmf, t tn khng gian nh, ti nh ln form nhanh. trang tr hoc lm trung gian ti nh vo CSDL. - Bound object frame: Gn vi trng c kiu d liu OLE, c th thay i khi hin form ch form view. Ch cn ko trng OLE t field list vo form l c ngay iu khin OLE b buc. - Unbound object frame: iu khin khng b buc. C th thay i khi hin th form ch form view (Enabled = yes, Locked = no). C th dng nhiu loi tp nh hn, chng hn nh jpg.

Khi dng iu khin nh cn ch cc thuc tnh sau: + Size mode + Special Effect + Border style, Back style

f. Hp kim tra, nt chn, nt bt, tt


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C th c 2 trng hp:

- Nu iu khin b buc: n lun c gn vi trng kiu yes/no. Ty yu cu thc t m chn kiu nt cho ph hp. - Nu iu khin khng b buc: Quan tm n thuc tnh value-1/0 lp trnh x l s kin. g. Nhm la chn

Nhm la chn l tp hp gm nhiu iu khin thuc mt trong 3 dng: Option Button, Check Box, Toggle Button.

- Nu l iu khin b buc: N dng kim sot sao cho d liu nhp vo mt trng ch c th nhn mt trong s t gi tr. to nhm la chn c th dng mt trong hai cch sau:

+ Nu dng Wizard cn xc nh cc thng tin sau:

- Chn cc nhn - Gi tr ngm nh - Gi tr ng vi tng mc chn ch gi tr ngm nh l 1, 2, 3, - Kiu nt - Kiu khung - Tn ca nhm

+ Nu khng dng Wizard

- Tt Control Wizard - Chn Option Group - Chn trng trn field list a vo form Mt khung xut hin. - Chn kiu nt a vo khung. Khi y phn bn trong khung s i mu. - Nu gi tr nhp vo trng c chn khc 1,2,3, th phi i cc gi tr ti thuc tnh Option Value.

- Nu l iu khin khng b buc: khng cn chn trng trn field list. Khi to iu khin xong, cn c vo gi tr ca cc nt la chn m lp trnh x l s kin.

h. Hp lit k (List Box) v Combo (Combo box)

Khi mun chn mt trong nhiu gi tr nhp vo trng (trn 5 gi tr) ngi ta dng List box hoc Combo box. Nhng trng Lookup khi ko vo form c sn hp List box/Combo box.

- Combo box: thng c dng nhiu trn mn hnh nhp d liu, tm kim. - List box: thng c dng trong mn hnh hin th, tra cu.


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C th thm gi tr khc (khng c trong danh sch gi tr) vo hp Combo Box, trong khi khng th thm mt gi tr mi vo trong List box. M thuc tnh ca List box/Combo box, xc nh cc thuc tnh sau:

- Row Source Type: Chn Table/Query hoc Value List. - Row Source: Tn bng hoc truy vn nu Row Source Type l table/query. Nu Row Source Type l Value list th danh sch gi tr phn cch bng du ; (C th l du khc nu t li Regional Setting). Cng c th l mt lnh Selecte ca SQL nu mun hin th d liu trong hp ny hay nhp vo trng gi tr ca nhng ct bt k. - Bound Column: Ct cho gi tr. - Column Count: S cc ct s hin th d liu trong hp (tnh t ct 1)

- Limit to list (yes/no): Dng ring cho Combo box. Khi thm gi tr mi vo, gi tr ny s c cp nht vo ngun nu thuc tnh ny t l No. Tuy nhin, khng thm gi tr ny vo danh sch la chn ca hp Combo.

i. Nt lnh (Command Button)

Khi ta kch hot nt lnh, HQTCSDL s thc hin mt cng vic g . Cng vic c th n gin l m mt form cng c th l tnh im trung bnh ca sinh vin ca mt trng i hc. to nt lnh c th dng Wizard hoc lp trnh

- Khng dng Wizard:

+ Tt Control Wizard + Chn nt lnh, a vo form + Lp trnh x l s kin trn nt lnh: s kin quan trng nht l Click (Macro hoc Code).

j. iu khin Tab

Dng khi cn nhp d liu cho nhiu bng c lp khc nhau trn cng mt form hoc khi form nhp d liu qu di. Cc thao vi iu khin Tab:

+ a iu khin tab + Thm trang + Bt trang + i th t trang + Xc nh thuc tnh cho tab v cho tng trang

k. Thuc tnh ca form - Thuc tnh v hnh thc trnh by ca form:

+ Default View: Dng hin th ngm nh ca form. + Scroll Bars: Cc thanh cun chuyn iu khin ln xung. + Navigation Button: Cc nt dch chuyn bn ghi. + Dividing Lines: ng phn chia cc b phn ca form.


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+ Picture: Hnh nh trn ton form. + MinMax Buttons: Nt cho php thu nh, phng to kch c ca form.

- Thuc tnh lin quan n d liu ca form:

+ Records Source: Tn truy vn, bng ngun d liu hoc vn bn SQL ca ngun d liu. + Allow Filters: Cho php lc d liu hin trn form. + Allow Deletions: Cho php xa cc bn ghi trn form. + Allow Edits: Cho php chnh sa d liu trn form. + Allow Additions: Cho php b sung bn ghi trn form

- Cc thuc tnh khc:

+ Popup: Form c m trn cc form khc. + Modal: Khng th kch hot bt c v tr no ngoi phm vi form. + Menu Bar: menu hin khi m form. + Shortcut Menu: Menu hin khi nhn chut phi.

V d, to form xem v cp nht thng tin cho bng phng c dng:

C th lm nh sau: - T ca s Database, trong mc Object chn Form -> Create form in Design view -> . Ca s thit k xut hin. - T ca s thit k form, chng ta chn ngun d liu ca form l bng PHONG. - Thit k cc iu khin trn form nh sau: Ko r cc trng cn hin th trn form (cc trng ny ly t ngun d liu ca form Field List) vo ca s thit k, sau hiu chnh li cc nhn (Lables) trn form nh sau:


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1.3 Cc thuc tnh ca biu mu

a. Thuc tnh v hnh thc trnh by ca form:

+ Default View: Dng hin th ngm nh ca form. + Scroll Bars: Cc thanh cun chuyn iu khin ln xung. + Navigation Button: Cc nt dch chuyn bn ghi. + Dividing Lines: ng phn chia cc b phn ca form. + Picture: Hnh nh trn ton form. + MinMax Buttons: Nt cho php thu nh, phng to kch c ca form.

b. Thuc tnh lin quan n d liu ca form:

+ Records Source: Tn truy vn, bng ngun d liu hoc vn bn SQL ca ngun d liu. + Allow Filters: Cho php lc d liu hin trn form. + Allow Deletions: Cho php xa cc bn ghi trn form. + Allow Edits: Cho php chnh sa d liu trn form. + Allow Additions: Cho php b sung bn ghi trn form

c. Cc thuc tnh khc:

+ Popup: Form c m trn cc form khc. + Modal: Khng th kch hot bt c v tr no ngoi phm vi form. + Menu Bar: menu hin khi m form.

+ Shortcut Menu: Menu hin khi nhn chut phi.

1.4 Biu mu chnh ph Form chnh ph nhp d liu ng thi vo nhiu bng. C th l form


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chnh ph c lp hoc ph thuc. Cch to form chnh ph ph thuc

- Dng Wizard: Trn mn hnh thit k form chnh, bt Control Wizard, chn iu khin Subform/Subreport sau xc nh:

+ Chn bng ngun hoc form c sn. + Chn trng a vo form ph. + Chn trng kt ni. + Chn tn iu khin form ph.

- Khng dng Wizard:

+ To form chnh. + To form ph mt cch c lp. + M ca s thit k form chnh ng thi vi ca s Database. Ko form ph vo form chnh.

V d: To mt form chnh Danh sch phng, mi phng tng ng vi mt danh sch nhn vin trong form ph Danh sch nhn vin. Ca s thit k:

Ch : Danh sch nhn vin trong form ph hin th ng l cc nhn vin ca phng trong form chnh. V bng PHONG v bng NHANVIEN kt ni (quan h) vi nhau thng qua trng MAPHONG. Kt qu:


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2. Thit k bo co Bo co dng in ra giy nhng thng tin kt xut t CSDL theo khun dng, yu cu ca tng c quan.

Bo co c nhiu dng, nhng thng dng nht l cc dng sau:

- Bo co dng vn bn, trong vn bn kt hp vi cc thng tin ly t CSDL, v d, giy mi c gii ti cc thnh vin m danh sch c lu tr trong CSDL, th ra vo, - Bo co dng n gin vi thng tin c ly trc tip t CSDL, v d danh sch nhn vin, bng lng. - Bo co thc hin mt s tnh ton, thng k. - Bo co dng biu , nhn th,

Ni chung rt t khi phi t ng to bo co trong chng trnh. Thng thng, khun dng ca bo co c to trc ri sau mun cho bo co c linh hot hn th dng chng trnh i ngun d liu

2.1 To bo co mi

to khun dng ca bo co ban u: Cch 1: T ca s Database, trong phn Objects chn Report -> Create report in Design view hoc Create report by using winzard -> Cch 2: T ca s Database, trong phn Objects chn Report -> New, ca s New Report vi cc la chn nh sau xut hin -> Design View -> OK.


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Mn hnh thit k bo co hin ra vi 3 ch song song tn ti, l: - Design View: Thit k bo co. - Print Preview: Xem hnh nh ca bo co vi kch thc tht v d liu tht. - Layout Preview: Ch xem hnh nh ca bo co, cn d liu cha chc chnh xc, v Access c th b qua cc iu kin chn, kt ni, Ca s thit k bo co:

Trn mn hnh thit k bo co cng lun 2 cng c l Toolbox v Fieldlist ging nh trong ca s thit k biu mu. Cc thnh phn trong ca s thit k bo co gm: - Detail: Lp li theo tng b d liu (tng bn ghi trong bng hoc truy vn ngun). - Page Header/Page Footer: Lp li mi trang mt ln. Phn ny thng cha s trang, ngy thng lp bo co, - Report Header/Report Footer: Mi bo co lp mt ln. Phn ny cha tiu chung ca ton bo co v cc dng tng cng. - Ngoi ra cc bo co c phn nhm cn cha Group Header/Footer dng lm tiu v cc dng tng cng cho tng nhm trong bo co.

2.2 Thit k cc mt s dng bo co

a. Thit k bo co dng vn bn

Gm nhng vn bn ging nhau c gi ti mi i tng c thng tin trong CSDL. c trng ca cc bo co dng ny l vn bn trn ln vi thng tin trong CSDL. V vy, ton b thit k nm trong phn Detail. Trong bo co thng gm cc iu khin:

- Nhn: Cha cc on vn bn vi font ch theo yu cu thc t. - Textbox: C th cha thng tin ly trc tip t ngun d liu hoc kt xut t nhng thng tin trong CSDL. Do vy Text box gm 2 loi: b buc v tnh ton c.


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- nh: C th b buc hoc khng b buc. b. Thit k bo co n gin dng bng - Tiu : Nu tiu xut ch xut hin trang u chn Report Header. Nu tiu xut hin trn mi trang chn Page Header. - u ct: Thng Page Header (tr trng hp dn ni cc trang th Report Header). - Text box cha d liu nguyn dng: Ko cc d liu xut hin trong bng t Field List vo phn Detail. Xa nhn i km iu khin. Vic cn chnh ging nh cn chnh iu khin trn form.

+ Nu mun cc gi tr trng nhau ch xut hin 1 ln, v d tn ngi i km tn ngoi ng m ngi bit, m thuc tnh ca Textbox t Hide Duplicate l Yes. + c cc textbox c cao ging nhau, nn chn cch sao chp hoc tc ng vo thuc tnh ca iu khin.

To cc Textbox (iu khin tnh ton c) cha d liu kt xut dng: = Trong c bit l iu khin s th t. Nhng phi t thuc tn Running Sum l Over All. - C nhng Textbox c dng lm trung gian tnh gi tr cho nhng textbox khc. Khi y phi t thuc tnh Visible l No. - Dng tng cng t ti Report Footer. - S trang hoc ngy lp bo co c th Page Footer. Hm Page, cho bit s ca trang hin thi. Hm Pages, cho bit tng s trang ca bo co. - Mun k khung dng cc iu khin dng Line. Mun chnh xc s dng thuc tnh left, width, top, height. Ti Textbox t thuc tnh Borderr Style chn Solid/Dashes

Cui bo co (Report Footer) thng c cc dng tng cng l cc iu khin dng tnh ton c vi cc hm th vin hoc cc hm th vin c iu kin, l:

= Sum| Avg| StDev| StDevP| Var| VarP () =Count| Min| Max () = DSum| DAvg| DStDev| DStDevP| DVar| DVarP (; ; ) =DCount| DMin| DMax (;;)

c. Thit k bo co thng k

Ngun d liu ca cc bo co ny trong trng hp n gin l cc truy vn dng crosstab, ngoi ra c th dng bng trng v vit m lnh VBA tnh ton d liu, dn vo bng.

2.3 Sp xp v phn nhm trn bo co

Mun d liu xut hin trong bo co c sp xp theo mt th t no , khng nht thit phi sp xp trn truy vn. C th sp xp ngay trn bo co. thc hin cng vic ny, cn m hp thoi Sorting and Grouping (C th m hp thoi Sorting and Grouping bng cch chn View hoc kch chut phi). Ca s Sorting and Grouping c dng nh sau:


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Sau khi sp xp xong c th phn nhm d liu cng lm vic trn hp thoi ni trn. Nu t Group Header/Footer l Yes, s xut hin tiu trn v di cho mi nhm v do vy c th dng tiu , k u ct cng nh tnh ton ng vi mi nhm. C th phn nhm theo nhiu trng cng nh phn nhm theo trng kt xut.

2.4 Bo co chnh ph

Cng nh trn form, khi to bo co vi ngun d liu ly t nhiu bng v phi m bo ng khun dng thc t, ngi ta phi dng bo co chnh-ph, v d phiu xut vt t, l lch nhn vin, Cch to bo co chnh ph cng ging nh trn Form, gm cc bc sau:

- To bo co chnh. - To bo co ph nh mt bo co c lp. - M ng thi ca s thit k bo co chnh v ca s Database. Ko bo co ph t ca s Database vo. - M thuc tnh ca iu khin Subreport trn bo co chnh. Kim tra s kt ni d liu qua cc thuc tnh LinkMasterFields v LinkChildFields.

Ch rng cc thuc tnh LinkMasterFields v LinkChildFields cn xut hin c trong biu . (Khng cn to bo co ph dng biu m nn dng Insert\Chart). Do vy c th lin kt d liu dng bo co chnh v d liu biu trong .

2.5 Mt s v d v thit k bo co

V d 1: Thit k bo Th ra vo, c ni dung c trnh by nh sau: TH RA VOS th: H tn: Nam/n NH Nm sinh: n v:

c c ngun d liu cho bo co, cn thit k truy vn: Tm M NV, H tn, Nm sinh, Gii tnh (Nam/n), Tn phng. D liu cho truy vn ny c ly t bng nhn vin v bng Phng.V th ra vo c in cho tng nhn vin, c ngha l ton b thng tin trn t th c lp li vi mi bn ghi v nhn vin nn ton b cc thng tin trn th u c trong phn Detail. Thit k ca th ra vo c th hin nh sau:


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Bc 1: M ca s thit k bo co (report)

T ca s Database, trong phn Objects chn Report -> Create report in Design view - >

Bc 2: Chn ngun d liu cho bo co l bng NHANVIEN Bc 3: Thit k cc iu khin trn bo co

Ko r cc trng cn hin th trn report (cc trng ny ly t ngun d liu ca report Field List) vo ca s thit k, sau hiu chnh li cc nhn (Lables) v text box hin th gii tnh trn report nh sau:

V d 2: To danh sch nhn vin ton c quan nhn tin, l do nhn tin v s tin nhn nhp t bn phm, theo mu sau: DANH SCH NHN VIN TON C QUAN NHN TIN PHNG T CHC STT H TN S TIN K NHN Tng ton phng PHNG TI V STT H TN S TIN K NHN

Tng ton phng Tng cng ton c quan.

Cc bc thit k bo co nh sau: - To ngun d liu l mt truy vn tham s gm cc thng tin: tn phng, h tn nhn vin, s tin nhn (s tin l 1 tham s c nhp t bn phm).


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- t con tr trn bo co, click chut phi -> Sorting and Grouping, ca s Sorting and Grouping xut hin, trong ca s ny chng ta thit k nh sau:

- Ko r cc trng cn hin th trn report (cc trng ny ly t ngun d liu ca report Field List) vo ca s thit k, sau hiu chnh li cc nhn (Lables) v thm cc cc nhn, cc text box mi trn report nh sau:


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Chng 5 BI TP CSDL QUN L SINH VIN

To Database vi tn QLSV.MDB

Cu 1: To cu trc cc Table nh sau:

a. DMKHOA (Danh mc khoa)

Field Name Data Type Field Size Format Required MaKH Text 6 > Yes TenKhoa Text 30 Yes b. SINHVIEN (Sinh Vin)

Field Name Data Type Field Size Format Required MaSV Text 6 > Yes HoSV Text 30 Yes TenSV Text 15 Yes GioiTinh Yes/No Yes NgaySinh Date/Time Short Date Yes NoiSinh Text 50DiaChi Text 50Quan Text 10MaKH Text 6 Yes HocBong Number Long Integerc. MONHOC (Mn hc)

Field Name Data Type Field Size Format Required MaMH Text 6 > Yes TenMH Text 50 Yes SoTiet Number byte Yes d. KETQUA (Kt qu)

Field Name Data Type Field Size Format Required MaSV Text 6 > Yes MaMH Text 6 > Yes Diem Number SingleLu : Cc Kha chnh trong bng l in m v gch di

Cu 2: Thit lp mi quan h (Relationships) cho cc bng nh sau:


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Cu 3: Nhp liu cho cc bng nh sau: (nhp bn nhnh 1 trc). Th t nhp l: DMKhoa, SinhVien, MonHoc, KetQua Table:DMKhoa MaKhoa TenKhoa AV Anh vn TH Tin Hc TR Trit Hc VL Vt L

Table: SinhVien MaSV HoSV TenSV GioiTinh NgaySinh NoiSinh DiaChi Quan MaKhoa HocBong A01 Nguyn th Hi N 23/02/77 Si Gn 12 B V vn Tn Q3 TH 10000 A02 Trn vn Chnh Nam 24/12/77 Si Gn 34 Nguyn Bnh Khim Q1 TH 120000 A03 L Bch Yn N 21/02/96 H Ni 765 PasTeur Q3 TH 140000A04 Trn anh Tun Nam 20/11/77 Long An 12 in bin Ph BT AV 80000 A05 Trn thanh Triu Nam 13/02/77 H Ni 3 Nguyn thin thut Q3 AV 80000 A06 Nguyn vn Chinh Nam 31/12/75 Si Gn 12 l Li Q5 AV B01 Trn Thanh Mai N 12/08/77 Bn tre 32 L lai Q1 TH B02 Trn thu Thy N 01/01/77 Si gn 45 Nguyn Thi sn BC TH B03 L th Thanh N 01/01/75 Si gn 345 Nguyn Kim Q1 AV B04 Trn trng Kim Nam 20/12/77 Si gn 123 L vn s Q1 AV 120000 C01 To hng Thin Nam 01/07/78 Si gn 56 Hang Diu TB TH C02 Hang minh Chu Nam 03/05/76 Si gn 102 K ng TB AV C03 Phan qunh Hng N 05/05/79 Si gn 234 Phm vn hai GV AV Table : MONHOC MaMH TenMH SoTiet 01 C s D liu 4502 Tr tu Nhn to 4503 Truyn Tin 4504 Ha 6005 Vn Phm 60 06 m thai 6007 Vt L Nguyn T 45 08 Vt L a Cu 4509 Trit hc ng Phng 75 10 Trit Hc Ty Phng 75Table: KETQUA MaSV MaMH Diem A01 01 2 A01 03 7 A02 01 5 A02 03 10


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A02 05 9A02 06 6.5 A03 01 5 A03 03 3 A03 05 10 A04 05 4 A05 06 8 A06 01 7 B01 03 3 B01 02 6 B02 04 10 B02 01 7 B03 03 6 B04 05 3 B04 06 4 Cu 4: Thc hin cc truy vn sau:

A- S dng Select Query 1. Hin th danh sch sinh vin gm cc thng tin sau:Masv, HoSV, TenSV,

NgaySinh, GioiTinh 2. Hin th danh sch sinh vin nh cu 1 nhng sp xp theo MaSV tng dn 3. Hin th danh sch sinh vin gm cc thng tin sau: Masv, HoSV, TenSV,

NgaySinh, GioiTinh, MaKH, HocBong (sp xp MaKH tng dn, MaSV gim dn)

4. Hin th bng im sinh vin gm cc thng tin: MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, MaMH, Diem

B- S dng Select Query (Field, Sort, Show, Criteria) 1. Hin th danh sch sinh vin c tn l Chnh 2. Hin th danh sch sinh vin c Ni sinh l Si Gn 3. Hin th danh sch sinh vin c Ni Sinh l H Ni v hc Khoa TH 4. Hin th danh sch sinh vin c H l Trn v hc Khoa AV 5. Hin th danh sch sinh vin c M s bt u l B v hc Khoa AV 6. Hin th danh sch sinh vin c Phi l N v ni sinh l Bn tre 7. Hin th danh sch sinh vin c ngysinh>=01/01/1977 8. Hin th danh sch sinh vin khng c Hc Bng 9. Hin th danh sch sinh vin c Hc bng v hc Khoa TH

C- S dng Select Query vi cc ct tnh tan t to ra thng qua cc Hm (IIF,MONTH, YEAR,DAY,TRIM, LEFT, RIGHT)

1. Hin th danh sch sinh vin gm cc ct sau: MaKH, MaSV, HoSV,TenSV, Namsinh, Tuoi, sp xp tui theo th t tng dn. Bit rng tui s l Nm hin Hnh Nm Sinh

2. Hin th danh sch sinh vin gm cc ct sau: MaSV, HoTenSV, Phai, MaKH, TenKhoa. bit rng HoTenSV= HoSV & TenSV

3. Hin th danh sch sinh vin gm cc thng tin sau: MaSV, HoTenSV, Ngaysinh, NoiSinh nhng ch lc Sinh vin sinh vo thng 12

4. Hin th danh sch sinh vin gm cc thng tin sau: MaSV, HoTenSV, Ngaysinh, NoiSinh nhng ch lc Sinh vin sinh vo thng 11 v nm 1977


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5. Hin th danh sch sinh vin gm cc thng tin sau: MaSV, HoTenSV, HocBong, MaKhoa, TenKhoa, HocBongMoi. Bit rng Hc bng mi = 10% +HocBong c

6. Hin th danh sch sinh vin gm cc thng tin sau: MaSV, HoTenSV,TenMH, Diem, nhGia. Bit rng nu im =5 v ngc li l Rt

3. T Bng DMKHOA sao chp thnh bng HocBongKhoa gm cc thng tin: MaKh, TenKhoa, TongHocBong. Trong tng hc bng l tng s hc bng ca sinh vin trong tng Khoa

4. T bng SinhVien v KetQua sao chp thnh Bng DiemTB gm cc thng tin: MaSV, TenSV, TongDiem, TongMT, DiemTB. Trong Tng im l tng im thi ca tng sinh vin, TongMT l tn s n thi ca tnh Sinhvin, DiemTB l im trung bnh ca tng Sinh vin c tnh bng TongDiem/TongMT

F- S dng Update Query (truy vn cp nht) 1. Tng hc bng cho sinh vin Khoa Tin hc mi sinh vin l 50000 2. Cng thm 0.5 im thi mn hc C s d liu cho nhng sinh vin c im thi

thp hn 5 G- S dng Append Query (truy vn ni thm)

1. Thm mt Khoa mi gm thng tin : KT, Kinh T vo bng DMKhoa 2. Thm mt Mn hc Mi gm thng tin MaMH= 11, Tn mn hc

=Access, Stit = 90


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H- S dng Delete Query (truy vn xa) 1. Trong bng SinhVien_TH xa cc sinh vin c Ni sinh l Si Gn 2. Trong bng sinhVien_AV xa cc sinh vin c nm sinh l 1977 v Q3

I- S dng Crosstab Query (truy vn cho):Thng k im sinh vin theo dng sau:

MaSV Ho v Tn C s d liu m Thai

Ha

Tr tu Nhn To

Truyn Tin

Vn Phm

A01 Nguyn th Hi 2 9 A02 Trn vn Chnh 7.5 6.5 10 9A03 L Bch Yn 5 3 10A04 Trn Anh Tun 4A05 Trn Thanh

Triu 8

A06 Nguyn vn Chinh

7

J- S dng Truy vn con: 1. Cho bit danh sch cc sinh vin thi mn C s d liu vi s im ln nht 2. Cho bit danh sch cc sinh vin trong Khoa Tin Hc c im thi thp nht

Cu 5:

a) To Form theo mu sau v cho php nhp d liu vo bng DMKHOA:

b) To Form theo mu sau v cho php nhp d liu vo bng SINHVIEN:


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c) To Form theo mu sau: Form chnh v Form ph (Form chnh ly t bng DMKHOA, Form ph ly t bng SINHVIEN)

d) To Form theo mu sau :t tn F_TimSV, t tn Textbox: txtMaSV

Yu cu:

B1-Thit k Query nh sau:t tn l Q_Indiem

B2 -Thit k Report t tn l R_bangdiem ly d liu t Query trn, mu Report nh sau:


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B3- Thit k Macro t tn l M_Indiem cho php m Report trn

B4 - nt In trong Form trong Properties chuyn sang tag Event chn s kin On Click M_Indiem


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MC LC Chng 1 Gii thiu HQT CSDL Access .................................................................... 2

1. Mt s khi nim c bn .................................................................................... 2

1.1 Khi nim HQT CSDL quan h ...................................................................... 2

1.2 Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL quan h ......................................................... 22. HQT CSDL Access ............................................................................................ 3

2.1 Kh nng v ng dng ca Access ................................................................. 3

2.2 Ch lm vic ca Access ........................................................................... 3

2.3 Ngn ng nh ngha v thao tc d liu........................................................ 33. Mi trng lm vic ca Microsoft Access ....................................................... 3

3.1 Khi ng Access ........................................................................................... 3

3.2 H thng menu chnh ca Access ................................................................... 4

3.3 Cc thnh phn ca CSDL Access ............................................................... 5Chng 2 To lp C s d liu .................................................................................. 6

1. To CSDL mi ................................................................................................... 6

1.1 To CSDL trng .............................................................................................. 6

1.2 To CSDL theo mu c sn ............................................................................ 62. M c s d liu ................................................................................................ 63. To bng ............................................................................................................. 7

3.1 Cc kiu d liu .............................................................................................. 7

3.2 To cu trc bng ........................................................................................... 74. Rng buc d liu khi thit k bng .................................................................. 95. To quan h gia cc bng ............................................................................... 10

Chng 3 Thit k truy vn ....................................................................................... 15

1. Tng quan v truy vn ..................................................................................... 152. Cc ton t trong Access ................................................................................. 153. Thit k truy vn QBE ..................................................................................... 19

3.1 Cc bc to truy vn QBE: ................................................................... 19

3.2 Mt s truy vn QBE .................................................................................... 204. Thit k truy vn SQL ...................................................................................... 31

4.1 Cch m ca s thit k truy vn SQL ......................................................... 31

4.2 C php ca cu lnh SQL ........................................................................... 31

4.3 Kt ni cc bng ........................................................................................... 32


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4.4 S dng cc hm gp, GROUP BY, HAVING ........................................... 34

4.5 Truy vn lng nhau ...................................................................................... 34Chng 4 Thit k biu mu, bo co ....................................................................... 36

1. Thit k biu mu (form) ................................................................................. 36

1.1 Thit k biu mu mi .................................................................................. 36

1.2 Thit k cc iu khin trn biu mu .......................................................... 38

1.3 Cc thuc tnh ca biu mu ........................................................................ 44

1.4 Biu mu chnh ph ...................................................................................... 442. Thit k bo co ............................................................................................... 46

2.1 To bo co mi ........................................................................................... 46

2.2 Thit k cc mt s dng bo co ................................................................ 47

2.3 Sp xp v phn nhm trn bo co ............................................................. 48

2.4 Bo co chnh ph ........................................................................................ 49

2.5 Mt s v d v thit k bo co ................................................................... 49Chng 5 BI TP CSDL QUN L SINH VIN ................................................ 52

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