Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com1L Thin Thin Phong GII THIU

iotrnhnylscktkinhnghimcatcgitrongging dycckhootovAccesscngnhkinhnghimsdng Accesslmhquntrcsdliuvcngcphttrinphn mm.Huhtnidungtrnhbytronggiotrnhubmtheo nhngbitpthchnhcth.Dovy,saukhicxongvthc hnh theo trnh t cun sch ny, bn c gn nh c th thit k v xydng cnhngngdng vqunlthngtin.Cth y l:Qunllngcn b mtc quanvQun l bnhng timt ca hng.i tng chnh ca gio trnh l sinh vin, vin cc trung tm otoCNTTchcmnAccess.Ttnhincnghontonph hp cho nhng ai quan tm hc hi mn hc ny bi l cc ni dung u c trnh by rt trc quan, c th t v kt qu r rng.Chc cc bn c mt kt qu hc tp tht tt ti HueITC. Lu :Giotrnhluhnhnibvchdnhringchohcvin thuc HueITC. Migp,thcmccngiipxingivdinnca HueITC ti a ch sau: ht t p: / / t hi t ru onghue. com/ f orum GGio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com2L Thin Thin Phong H QUN TR CSDL MS ACCESS 2003 BI 1. TNG QUAN V MS ACCESS Mc ch Gip hc vin nm c m hnh CSDL quan h. Gip hc vin hiu c khi nim HQT CSDL quan h v cc chc nng ca mt HQT CSDL. Hc vin bit c kh nng ng dng ca Microsoft Access i vi cc bi ton qun l va v nh. Gip cho hc vin c ci nhn tng quan v mi trng lm vic ca Microsoft Access. Gip sinh vin bit cch thao tc i vi mt CSDL. Ni dung Mt s khi nim c bn Gii thiu v HQT CSDL Microsoft Access S lc v cch phn tch chun b xy dng mt c s d liu Cc thao tc c bn i vi CSDL oTo CSDL mi oM CSDL tn ti ong CSDL Slcnghavchcnngca7thnhphntrongmtCSDL Access Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com3L Thin Thin Phong 1. Cc khi nim c bn a. C s d liu Database CSDL (database) l mt tp hp c cu trc cc d liu c lin quan vi nhau theo mt hay nhiu thnh phn. V d: Danh b in thoi b. C s d liu quan h Relational database CSDL quan h l mt CSDL da trn nn tng l cc bng (table) c quan h vi nhau c. H qun tr CSDL Database management system H quntrCSDLl mtphn mm dng qunlCSDLtrongc cha cc chc nng nh: to, chnh sa, xo, truy vn, thng k, lp biu mu v bo co d liu V d: CSDL Ms Access, My SQL d. Trng d liu v bn ghi Trng d liu Field Mttrng(Field)chamtloithngtinvmtkhonmccamt khi nim no v mi trng s c mt tn ring khc nhau. Bn ghi Record Mtbnghi(record)lmttphpccthngtinclinquannmt khonmcnotrongbngcsdliu,cthxembngghilmthng trong bng. e. Kho chnh Primary key -Kha chnh (Primarykey)dngxc nhtnhduynhtcamtbn ghi trong bng, dng phn bit bn ghi ny vi bn ghi khc - c im ca kho chnh: + Kho chnh dng thit lp quan h gia cc bng + Nu trng no c thit lp kho chnh th: D liu trn trng khng c trng nhau Gi tr bn trong phi khc rng (null) - Trong mt bng c th c mt trng hay nhiu trng l kho chnh Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com4L Thin Thin Phong 2. Chng trnh MS Access a. Gii thiu Accesslhquntrcsdliuquanh(RelationnalDatabase Management System) chy trn mi trng Windows. C s d liu quan h l tng hp cc thng tin c t chc thnh bng (Table) v t chc cc mi quan h gia cc bng. b. Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL quan h - Kh nng lu tr d liu lu di. - Truy nhp s lng ln thng tin mt cch hiu qu. - c xy dng trn m hnh d liu (quan h). - Ngn ng cp cao nh ngha v thao tc d liu. - ng b cc truy nhp cnh tranh. - Kim tra tnh ng n ca d liu v thm quyn truy nhp. - Phc hi. c. Kh nng v ng dng ca Access - Access l HQTCSDL quan h, ph hp vi cc bi ton qun l va v nh. -Accesscungcphthngcngcphttrin(Developmenttools)kh mnh gipccnh phttrinphn mm ngintrong vic xy dngtrngi cc d n phn mm qun l qui m va v nh. - Access c dng : +Xydnghcsdliu(phncsdliu,cnphnpht trinphnmmcthsdngcccngckhclmnh:VisualBasic, Visual C, Delphi, .Net, ). + Xy dng chn gi cc phn mm qun l quy m va v nh. d. Ch lm vic ca Access - Ch s dng cng c c sn: Gip cho ngi s dng khng chuyn c th xy dng chng trnh qun l. -Chlptrnh:DngngnngVBA(VisualBasicforApplication), ngi s dng chuyn nghip c th pht trin ng dng, kim sot cht ch d liu, phn quyn truy nhp. e.Ngn ng nh ngha v thao tc d liu -NgnngQBE(QueryByExample):chophpbnxydngcctruy vn d liu bng ca s thit k v bng cc cng c c sn. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com5L Thin Thin Phong - Ngn ng SQL (Structure Query Language): Cho php bn truy vn d liu bng cc cu lnh c cu trc. 3. Cc thao tc c bn i vi chng trnh MS Access b. Khi ng chng trnh C1: Double_Click vo biu tng MS Access trn nn Desktop C2: Start/Programs/Microsoft office/Microsoft office Access Hnh1: Khi ng MS Access C3: Start/Run: g lnh msaccess Hnh 2: Khi ng MS Access c. Kt thc chng trnh C1: File/Exit C2: Kch vo biu tng Close trn thanh tiu C2: Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4 3. Cc bc phn tch xy dng mt CSDL Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu khai thc CSDL ca chng ta. iu ny quyt nh cc loi s kin chng ta s a vo MS Access. Bc 2: Xc nhcc bng dliucnthit.Miitngthngtins hnh thnh mt bng trong CSDL ca chng ta. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com6L Thin Thin Phong Bc 3: Sau khi xc nh xong cc bng cn thit, tip n ta phi ch r thng tin no cn qun l trong mi bng, l xc nh cc trng. Mi loi thngtintrongbnggiltrng.Mimuintrongcngmtbnguc chung cu trc cc trng. V d: Trong l lch khoa hc cn b, nhng trng (thngtin)cnqunll:HVTN,CHUYNMN,HCV, HC HM,... Bc 4: Xc nh cc mi quan h gia cc bng. Nhn vo mi bng d liuvxemxtdliutrongbngnylinhthnovidliutrongbng khc. Thm trng hoc to bng mi lm r mi quan h ny. y l vn ht sc quan trng, to c quan h tt s gip chng ta nhanh chng truy tm tm v kt xut d liu. Bc 5: Tinh ch, hiu chnh li thit k. Phn tch li thit k ban u timli,to bng dliuvnhpvovi bnghi,thxemCSDL phnnh thnovinhngyucutruyxutcachng ta,crt ckt qu ngt nhngbngdliukhng.Thchinccchnhsathitknuthycn thit. 4. Cc thao tc c bn i vi CSDL a. To CSDL Nhn vo Menu File, chn New hoc kch chn vo biu tng New trn thanh Standard xut hin hp thoi New File Ti hp thoi ny ta chn Blank Database.. + Xut hin hp thoi File new database Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com7L Thin Thin Phong Hnh3: To mi mt CSDL Ti hp thoi File new database ta thc hin: + Xc nh v tr cha CSDL cn to mi trong mc: Save in + Nhp vo tn ca CSDL cn to vo mc: File name = Nhn Create khi to mt CSDL xut hin mt ca s Database Hnh4: Ca s ca mt CSDL Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com8L Thin Thin Phong y l mt ca s quan trng ca MS Access, gm: H thng Menu vi cc menu: File, Edit. View, Tiu Database: Cho bit tn ca CSDL CcitngcngctrongObjects:Tables,Queries,Frm, Reports, Pages, Macros, Modules dng xy dng cc i tng trong chng trnh MS Access. b. M CSDL NhnvoMenuFile,chnOpen(Ctrl+O)hockchchutchnbiu tng Open trn thanh Standard = Xut hin hp thoi Open: Hnh5: M mt CSDL Ti hp thoi Open ta thc hin: + Xc nh v tr cha CSDL cn m trong mc: Look in + Chn CSDL cn m = Nhn Open c. ng CSDL C1: File/Close C2: Kch vo biu tng Close trn h thng Menu lnh 5. Cc thnh phn trong ca s MS Access Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com9L Thin Thin Phong Mt CSDL Access bao gm 7 thnh phn sau: Hnh 6: Cc thnh phn ca mt CSDL + Tables (bng): Ni trc tip cha d liu. Access c th gp ti 32768 i tng (t hp cc bng, biu mu, bo biu, ), v c th m cng mt lc ti 1024 bng nu nh c sn ti nguyn. C th nhp khu, kt ni cc bng t cc ng dng c s d liu khc nh Paradox, Excel, FoxPro, dBase, +Query(truyvn):LthnhphntruyxutvoCSDL,thchincc thao tc lin quan n: thm mi, chnh sa, cp nht v d liu ra hin th. +Froms(biumu): Hinthdliuctrongcc bnghaytruyvnv cho php b sung cc d liu mi, ng thi hiu chnh hay xa d liu hin c. C th kt hp nh v th vo biu mu, thm ch c m thanh. + Reports (bo co): L kt qu ca qu trnh khai thc d liu, dng in n hoc th hin cc bo co c ngun gc t bn hoc truy vn + Pages (trang): cho php chng ta to ra trang Web c cha CSDL ng clytmtCSDLno,ngidngcthtruycpCSDLthngqua trang Web + Macros (Tp lnh): L cng c cung cp cho ngi s dng to ra hnh ng n gin trong CSDL MS Accessnh m, bo co, thc hin truy vn m khng cn phi nm v ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic +Modules(onchngtrnh):VingnngVisualBasicchophp ngixydngmtonchngtrnhringcamnhthcthimthnh ng no . Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com10L Thin Thin Phong BI 2. BNG D LIU TABLE Mc ch Gip hc vin nm c khi nim v bng d liu Tables. Gipsinhvin bitcchxydngvthao tccbn trn ccbng trong CSDL. Ni dng Khi nim v Tables Cc thao tc c bn i vi bng Tables oXy dng cu trc ca bng oLu bng, sa cu trc bng oNhp d liu cho bng oi tn, xo bng Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com11L Thin Thin Phong 1. Khi nim Table: BnglnichadliuvmtitngthngtinnonhSINH VIN, HA N,... Mi hng trong bng gi l mt bn ghi (record) cha cc nidungringcaitng.Mibnghicamtbngucchungcu trc, tc l cc trng (field). V d: Cho bng di y qun l l lch khoa hccnbtrongtrngihc,ccctrngMACB(Mcnb), TRINHDOVH (Trnh vn ha), CHUYENMON (Chuyn mn),... Trong mt CSDL c th cha nhiu bng, thng mi bng lu tr nhiu thng tin (d liu) v mt i tng thng tin no , mi mt thng tin u c nhngkiuctrngring,mviAccessnscththnhnhngkiud liu ca cc trng. 2. Cc thao tc vi Table a. To bng (Table) Trong ngn Table ca s Database,chn Create table in design view: xut hin vng lm vic Table sau: Hnh7: Ca s thit k bng Design View + Ca s Table c phn lm 2 vng chnh: Phn pha trn dng khai bo cc trng ca bng: + Field name: Xc nh tn trng cn t (thng tin dng qun l) Lu:Tntrngl mt dykhng qu 64kt baogm chci,ch s v k t trng. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com12L Thin Thin Phong + Data type: Xc nh kiu d liu ca trng + Desciption: m t cho trng, n ch mang ngha lm r thng tin qun l, c th b qua trng ny khi thit k. Phn pha di dng quy nh cc thuc tnh cho trng: + Field properies: Cc thuc tnh ca trng = Th General: Cn xc lp mt s thuc tnh sau -Fieldsize:rngcatrng dliu,chthitlpchokiud liu Number v Text- Format: thit lp nh dng d liu khi hin th, trng ny p dng cho cc kiu d liu Memo, OLE, Yes/No - Input Mark: Thit lp mt n nhp d liu cho cc trng, trng ny p dng cho cc kiu d liu Text, Number, Datetime, Currency -Default value:Ngmthitlpgitr mc nhchotrngkhira lnh thm vo mt bn ghi - Caption: thit lp tiu ct m trng hin th, c th s dng ting vit g - Validation Rule: Thit lp iu kin tnh ng n ca d liu khi nhp vo. V d: Gi tr nhp vo phi khc 0 0 or >100Gi tr nhp vo phi bng 0 hoc ln hn 100 Like K???Phi nhp vo 4 k t, k t u phi l K Like CTY*Nhp 3 k t u phi l CTY #01/01/1991# and =#1/1/1990#thkhinhp d liu vo trong bng nu khng ph hp my tnh s bo li. -ValidationText:Thitlpthngbokhinhpsairngbucca trng d liu. -Required:thitlpthuctnhbtbucphinhpvotrng ny. -AllowZeroLength:ChpnhnchuirngtrongcctrngText, Memo. - Indexed: To ch mc tng tc tm kim trn trng ny. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com13L Thin Thin Phong Thuc tnh ny c th nhn cc gi tr: NoKhng to ch mc hoc xo ch mc lp Yes (Dupticates OK)To ch mc Yes (No Dupticates)TochmckiuUnique(ccgitrcnkhc nhau nh th kho chnh) = Th Lookup: thit lp chc nng tm kim trung d liu b. Kiu d liu trong bng: + Text: Dng lu tr d liu dng vn bn. C th thay i kch thc ca trng t 1 n 255 k t v mc nh l 50 k t +Memo:Dnglutrdliudngvnbn.Kchthctiaca trng ny l 64000 k t + Number: dng lu tr d liu dng s. Trong : - Byte: phm vi gi tr t 0 n 255 - Integer: phm vi gi tr t -32768 n 32767 - Long Integer: phm vi gi tr t -2147483648 n 2147483647 - Single: phm vi gi tr t -3.4E+38 n 3.4E+38 - Double: phm vi gi tr t -1.79E+308 n 1.7E+308 + Date/time: Kiu ngy thng/thi gian c ln 8 byte + Currency: Kiu tin t c ln 8 byte + Auto number: Kiu s tng t ng c ln 8 byte + Yes/No: Kiu lun l c ln 1 bit +OLEObjiect:ChophpnhngvoCSDLmtitngkhc(vd nh hnh nh) c ln 1 Giga byte +Lookupwinzard:Trngchophplachntntrngtmtbng khc trong cng CSDL + Hyperlink: cho php to ra lin kt trn trng ny. c. Lu bng =Khikhithitkbngxonglulibngdliutatinhnhchn MenuFile,chnSavehocchnbiutngtrnthanhStandard:xuthin hp thoi Save As Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com14L Thin Thin Phong Hnh8: Hp thoi Save as TihpthoiSaveastathchin: Nhptncabngcnluvomc Table Name, nhn OK Hnh9: Nhp tn vo mc Table Name Nu trong qu trnh thit kt cha t kho chnh th Access xut hin mt hpthoihingisdngcmunAccesstngtkhochnh(bng trng ID c kiu d liu AutoNumber) Hinh10: Thm thuc tnh kho cho bng + Nhn Yes: ng to kho cho bng +NhnNo:Khngngtokho(bngdliutotokhngcha thuc tnh kho). d. Sa cu trc ca bng. Trong ngn Table: + Chn bng cn sa + Tin hnh sa bng 1 trong 2 cch sau: C1: Kch vo biu tng C2: Right_Click/chn Design View Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com15L Thin Thin Phong + Xut hin hp thoi Table Hnh11: Trng thi Design View ca bng cn chnh sa Thc hin sa cu trc v nhn Save lu li s thay i. e. Nhp d liu cho bng Trong ngn Table + Kch chn vo bng cn nhp d liu + Thc hin: C1: Kch chn vo biu tng C2: Right_Click/chn Open C3: Double_Click = Xut hin hp thoi Table di dng Data sheet Hnh12: Trng thi nhp d liu ca bng = Tin hnh nhp d liu thch hp vo bng Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com16L Thin Thin Phong = Ch : Khi nhp d liu vo bng ta phi ch mt s im sau: - D liu phi c nhp trn tng hng - D liu trng kho chnh phi m bo tnh duy nht v khng c bng gi tr rng (Null) -Dliucnhpphingvikiudliucthitkmi trng g. i tn v xo bng: = i tn bng: Trong ngn Table - Chn bng cn i tn - i tn: C1: Edit/Rename (Nhn phm F2) C2: Right_Click/chn Rename + Nhp vo tn cn i = Xo bng: Trong ngn Table - Chn bng cn xo - Xo: C1: Edit/Delete (nhn phm Del) C2: Right_Click/chn Delete C3: Kch chn biu tng 3. t kho chnh cho trng d liu a. t kho chnh- Trong ngn Table: - M bng ch Design View: - Chn cc trng mun thit lp kho chnh - Vo Edit chn Primary Key hoc kch chut vo biu tng Primary Key Cc trng c chn lm kho th c biu tng kho u Hnh13: Trng c thit lp kho b. Xo kho chnh NhnvoView,chnIndexes:xuthinhpthoiIndexeschacc trng kho chnh Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com17L Thin Thin Phong Hnh14: Xo kho chnh Ti hp thoi Indexes ta chn trng kho cn xo v nhn phm Delete 4. Mt s lu khi thit k bng. a. nh dng cho trng + i vi trng kiu d liu Number: nh dng do ACCESS cung cp DngD liuHin th General Number1234.51234.5 Currency1234.5$1.234.50 Fixed1234.51234 Standard1234.51,234.50 Pecent0.82582.50% Scientific1234.51.23E+03 + i vi trng d liu Date/Time nh dngHin th Ddd,mmm d,yyyyMon,jun 2, 1998 Mm/dd/yyyy01/02/1998 Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com18L Thin Thin Phong + i vi trng d liu Yes/No nh dngHin th Trng hp TrueTrng hp False ;Nam;NuNamNu ;co;KhongCoKhong b. Thit lp lp mt n cho trng Input Mark K tTc dng 0Bt buc nhp k t s 9Khng bt buc nhp, k t s #Khng bt buc nhp, s 0-9, khong trng, du + v - LBt buc nhp, k t ch ?Khng bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc khong trng aBt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s AKhng bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s &Bt buc nhp, k t bt k CKhng bt buc nhp k t bt k Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch hoa !D liu c ghi t phi sang tri \K t theo sau \ s c a thng vo V d Input maskD liu nhp vo (000)000-0000(054)828-8282 (000)AAA-A(123)124-E Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com19L Thin Thin Phong c. Thit lp gi tr Lookup cho 1 trng d liu Cch 1 - Trong ngn Table:- M bng trng thi Design View - Chn trng cn thit lp gi tr Lookup- Ti trng Data Type, Chn thuc tnhLookup Wizard xut hin hp thoi Lookup Wizard vi 6 bc Hnh15: Bc 1 khi to trng Lookup Bc1: Chn Nhn Next Hnh16: Bc 2 khi to trng Lookup Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com20L Thin Thin Phong Bc 2: Chn bng cha trng cn Lookup n, Nhn Next Hnh17: Bc 3 khi to trng Lookup Bc 3: Chn trng cn Lookup n mc Available Fields, nhn biu tng a sang mc Selected Fields, Nhn Next Hnh18: Bc 4 khi to trng Lookup Bc 4: Chn tn trng cn sp xp nu cn, Nhn Next Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com21L Thin Thin Phong Hnh19: Bc 5 khi to trng Lookup Bc 5: Nhn Next Hnh20: Bc 6 khi to trng Lookup Bc 6: Nhn Finish hon tt vic thit lp Lookup Cch 2: - Trong ngn Tables - M bng trng thi Design View - Chn trng cn thit lp gi tr Lookup - Ti vng Fields Properties, chn th Lookup + Trong mc Display control: Ta chn thuc tnh: Combo box Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com22L Thin Thin Phong +Trongmc RowSource:kchvo biu tng:Xuthinhp thoi: Show Table Hnh 21: Hp thoi chn bng cha trng cn lookup n Ti hp thoi Show table, Chn bng cha trng m ta cn Lookup ti, Nhn Add, Nhn Close: Xut hin SQL Statement Hnh 22: Hp thoi chn chntrng cn lookup n + Ti hp thoi SQL Statement: Query Builder . Trong trng Field: ta chn trng cn Lookup . Kch chn biu tngClose: xut hin hp thoi nhn YES Hnh 23: Hp thoi lu cch chn vi cu lnh SQL Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com23L Thin Thin Phong BI 3. QUAN H, SP XP V LC D LIU TRN BNG Mc ch Giphcvinnmckhinimcckiudliuquanh Relationship. Gip sinh vin bit cch xy dng v thao tc c bn i vi d liu trong cc bng ca CSDL. Ni dng Khi nim v quan h (Relationship l) Cc thao tc c bn i vi d liu trong bng (Tables) oSp xp d liu trn bng: Sp xp d liu trn mt trng (Sort) Sp xp d liu trn nhiu trng (Advanced filter/sort) oLc d liu trong bng: Lc ti bng(Filter by form) Lc theo gi tr c chn (Filter by selection) Lc khng theo gi tr c chn hay lc ngoi iu kin c chn (Filter excluding selection) Lc nng cao (Advanced Filter) Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com24L Thin Thin Phong 1. Quan h Relationship: Khi nim: Access l h qun tr CSDL nn c th s dng d kin ly t nhiu Table khc nhau nu cc Table ny c mI quan h vi nhau, mun vy phi khai bo cc mi quan h gia cc Table lin quan. Quy nh: Nhng Field i chiu trong cc Table c quan h thng c tn ging nhau, c cng kiu d liu. mun nh ngha QH phi ng cc Table ang m, v m ca s Relationship. a. Cc loi quan h + Quan h 1- 1 (One ton One): Trong quan h 1-1, mt bn ghi trn bng d liu A ch c 1 bn ghi tng ng trn bng d liu B v ngc li mt bn ghi trn bng d liu B ch c duy nht 1 bn ghi tng ng bng d liu A +Quanh1-(OnetoMany):Trongquanh1-,mtbnghitrn bng d liu A c th c nhiu bn ghi tng ng trn bng d liu B v ngc li mt bn ghi trn bng d liu B ch c duy nht mt bn ghi tng tng trn bng d liu A. + Quan h - (Many to Many): Trong quan h - , mt bn ghi trn bng d liu A c th c hoc khng c mt bn ghi tng ng no trn bng d liu B v ngc li iviloiquanhnythngitathngtchnralm2quan h 1 - b. Cch to quan h Bc 1:Trongcas Database,tMenu ToolschnRelationships hoc chn vo biu tng Relationship trn thanh Standard = Xut hin hp thoi: Show Table Hnh 24: Hp thoi Show Table chn ngun d liu to quan h. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com25L Thin Thin Phong - Chc nng ca cc th trong hp thoi: + Th Tables: Cho php hin th cc bng c trong CSDL + Th Queries: Cho pho hin th cc truy vn c trong CSDL + Th Both: Cho php hin th cc bng v cc truy vn - Trong hp thoi Show Table ta tin hnh chn bng a vo to quan h sau nhn Add. Lu:KhichnccbngtacthsdngthmphmShifthocphm Ctrl kt hp vi thao tc kch n chut vo cc bng chn. - Sau khi chn xong cc bng a vo quan h ta nhn Close ng hp thoi Show Table: Xut hin hp thoi Relationships Hnh 25: Hp thoi Relationships to quan h. Bc 2: Trong hp thoi Relationship ta thc hin to quan h: =KchchutvotrngkhochnhbngdliuAvkothvo trngcquanhtngngbngdliuB:XuthinhpthoiEdit Relationship Hnh 26: Hp thoi Edit Relationships to quan h Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com26L Thin Thin Phong + Enforce Referential Integrity: Xc nhn li quan h ang c m bo rng tt c nhng thay i trng d liu trong bng A th cng phi thay i nh vy i vi trng d liu trong bng B +Cascade UpdateRelatedFields:Nuthayi dliutrntrngkho chnh ca bng A th cng lm cho trng c quan h tng ng bng B thay i theo + Cascade Delete Related Fields: Nu nh d liu trn trng kho chnh ca bng Abxothcnglmchotrngcquanhtng ng bngBb xo theo. +Tachnthuctnh:EnforceReferentialIntegrity,saunhnCreate khi to quan h. Hnh 27: Cc kiu quan h c to + Ch : Quan h c tnh tham chiu ton vn s m bo cc vn sau: +Khinhpdliuchotrngthamgiaquanhbnnhiuth phi tn ti bn mt. + Khng th xo mt bn ghi ca bng bn mt nu trong quan h tn ti nhng bn ghi bn nhiu c quan h vi bn ghi bn mt . + Trng hp vi phm cc quy tc trn th s nhn c thng bo li. c. Xo quan h: - Trong hp thoi Relationships - Chn quan h cn xo - Right_Click/chn Delete Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com27L Thin Thin Phong d. Sa quan h: - Trong hp thoi Relationships - Chn quan h cn chnh sa - Right_Click/Edit Relationships xut hin hp thoi Edit Relationships Hnh 28: Hp thoi Edit Relationships to quan h + Ti hp thoi Edit Relationships ta tin hnh chnh sa v lu li. 2. Sp xp d liu trn bng a. Sp xp d liu trn 1 trng: - Trong ngn Tables - M bng d liu cn sp xp dng Datasheet - t con tr trng cn sp xp - Vo Records / Chn Sort:+ Sort Ascending: sp xp tng dn + Sort Descending: sp xp gim dn b. Sp xp d liu trn nhiu trng - Trong ngn Tables - M bng d liu cn sp xp dng Datasheet - Vo Records/Filter/Advance Filter Sort: Xut hin hp thoi Filter Hnh 29: Hp thoi Filter lc d liu Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com28L Thin Thin Phong - Ti hp thoi Filter ta thc hin cc thao tc sau: +TronghngField:Chncctrngcnspxp(Thtutin t tri sang phi) + Trong hng Sort: Chn tiu chun sp xp. + Trong hng Criteria: Chn iu kin sp xp (nu c). + Trong hng Or: Chn iu kin hoc (nu c) + Xem kt qu.: Chn Filter/Apply filter. 3. Lc d liu a. Lc ti bng (Filter by form) - Trong ngn Tables - M bng cn lc ch Datasheet - Vo Record/Filter/Filter by form: xut hin hp thoi Filter by form Hnh 30: Hp thoi lc d liu Filter by Form - Ti hp thoi Filter by Form ta thc hin: +Kch chnvotrngcha iukinlc,sauchniukin lc. + xem kt qu:C1: Vo Filter/Apply filter/Sort C2: Kch chn biu tng Apply filter + hu b:C1: Vo Record/Remove filter/Sort C2: Kch chn biu tng Remove filter b. Lc theo gi tr c chn (Filter by selection) - Trong ngn Tables - M bng cn lc ch Datasheet - La chn i tng cn lc d liu -VoRecord/Filter/Filterbyselection:Xuthinbngdliuchacc bn ghi tho mn iu kin c chn. = hu b: C1: Vo Record/Remove filter/Sort C2: Kch chut chn biu tng Remove filter Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com29L Thin Thin Phong c. Lc khng theo gi tr c chn (Filter excluding selection) - Trong ngn Tables - M bng cn lc ch Datasheet - La chn i tng cn lc d liu -VoRecord/Filter/Filterexcludingselection:Xuthinbngdliu cha cc bn ghi khng tho mn iu kin c chn. = hu b: C1: Vo Record/Remove filter/Sort C2: Kch chut chn biu tng Remove filter d. Lc nng cao (Advanced Filter) = Mt s ton t c dng trong Access: - Ton t tnh ton: +, -, *, /, ^, & - Ton t so snh: >, =, ): Nu nhn gi tr true th hm tr li , ngc li hm tr li . = Cch xy dng lc nng cao; - Trong ngn Tables - M bng d liu cn sp xp dng Datasheet - Vo Records/Filter/Advance Filter Sort: Xut hin hp thoi Filter Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com30L Thin Thin Phong Hnh 31: Hp thoi lc d liu Filter. - Ti hp thoi Filter, ta thc hin nh sau: + Trong hng Field: Chn cc trng cn lc (Th t u tin t tri sang phi) + Trong hng Sort: Chn tiu chun sp xp. + Trong hng Criteria: Chn iu kin lc (nu c). + Trong hng Or: chn iu kin hoc (nu c) = Xem kt qu.: Chn Filter/Apply filter. = Ch :KhitathitlpxongiukintatinhnhRight_Click:xut hin Menu ng cnh: Hnh 32: Menu ng cnh c s dng trong lc d liu Filter. ngha ca cc thuc tnh: - Apply Filter/Sort: Xem kt qu ca lc/sp xp. - Clear Grid: Xo i ton b cc trng tham gia vo lc/sp xp. -LoadFrom Query:Chophp xemktqucacctruy vn tn ti. - Save as Query: cho php lu li kt qu thc hin vi Query Khitinhnhxy dng iukin,thuntin hntasdng hp Expression Builder bng cch: =tcontrtivtrcnxydngiukin,thchinthaotc Right_Click/chn Buiter: xut hin hp thoi Expression BuilderGio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com31L Thin Thin Phong Hnh 33: Hp thoi xy dng iu kin Expression Builder. = Tin hnh xy dng iu kin Khi tin hnh xy dng iu kin c th c nhng iu kin phc tpkhxydngtrncngmttrngthnginhoiukintac thtinhnhtchiukinralmcciukinnhhnsautinhnh xy dng trng ph cho tng iu kin nh . = Cch xy dng trng ph: - t con tr ti hng Field: sau thc hin thao tc Right_Click/Build: xut hin hp thoi: Expression Builder - Tin hnh xy dng trng ph vi c php trng ph nh sau: :nidungmtrngnycha(cthlhm hoc ton t) V d: to ra trng nm trong ngy sinh trong ngy sinh ta tin hnh nh sau: - Ti hng Field: Right_Click= Trong hp thoi Expression Builder ta nhp vo biu thc: Nm:year(Ngaysinh) - Ti hng Criteria: Chn iu kin tng ng ca trng . Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com32L Thin Thin Phong BI 4. TRUY VN D LIU (QUERY) Mc ch Gip hc vin nm c khi nim v truy vn. Gip sinh vin bit cch lc v tm kim thng tin trong c s d liu bng cch thc hin truy vn chn Select Query. Ni dng Khi nim v truy vn d liu Query. Cc thao tc c bn i vi truy vn (Query) oTo mi mt truy vn oLu mt truy vn oChnh sa mt truy vn oi tn v xo mt truy vn oThc thi truy vn ngha v cch xy dng cc loi truy vn: oTruy vn chn Select Query. oTruy vn tham s Parammeter Query. oTruy vn thng k Totals Query. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com33L Thin Thin Phong 1. Khi nim v Query. - Truy vn l mt cng c cho php t cu hi vi d liu trong bng d liu trong CSDL. - Loi truy vn thng dng nht l truy vn chn (Select Query). Vi kiu truy vn ny chng ta c th xem xt d liu trong cc bng, thc hin phn tch vchnhsatrn dliu,cthxem thng tint 1bnghoccththm nhiu trng t nhiu bng khc nhau. 2. Cc loi truy vn Query c s dng trong Access. Truy vn chn la: + Truy vn chn Select Query. + Truy vn tham s Parammeter Query. + Truy vn thng k Totals Query. + Truy vn thng k tham kho cho Crosstab Query. Truy vn hnh ng Action Query: + Truy vn to bng Make Table Query. + Truy vn ni bng Append Query. + Truy vn cp nht Update Query. + Truy vn xo Delete Query. 3. Cc thao tc c bn i vi truy vn Query: a. To mi mt truy vn: - Trong ngn Queries ca thanh Database - Kch chn thuc tnh Create query in Design view: Xut hin hp thoi Show table Hnh 34: Hp thoi Show table chn bng tham gia truy vn. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com34L Thin Thin Phong - Ti hp thoi Show Table, ta thc hin chn cc bng trong th (Table) hoc truy vn trong th (Query) cha cc trng tham gia vo qu trnh truy vn, nhn Add, sau khi chn xong cc bng hoc cc truy vn ta nhn Close ng hp thoi Show Table. - Sau khi ng hp thoi Show Table li th xut hin Query: Hnh 35: Hp thoi Query to truy vn. Hp thoi Query ny gm 2 vng lm vic chnh +Vngphatrn:Chatonbccbng(Table)hoctruyvn (Query) tham gia vo qu trnh to truy vn. +Vngphadi:ChaliQBEchophpthitktruyvn (Query) vi cc thnh phn sau: TihngField:Chophpchngtalachntrngthamgiavo truy vn. Lu:Trngycthltrngchnhcchntrctiptcc bng hay truy vn v cc trng ph do chng ta xy dng. Ti hng Table: Cho php hin th tn ca bng cha trng tham gia vo truy vn. Ti hng Sort: Chn kiu sp xp cho trng . Ti hng Show: Quy nh thuc tnh cho php xut hin hay khng cho php xut hin trng ny khi thc thi truy vn. Ti hng Criteria: Cha iu kin thc thi truy vn. Ti hng Or: Cha iu kin hoc ca iu kin khi thc thi truy vn. Cc bc tin hnh to mt truy vn: -Chn trng tham gia vo truy vn -Thit lp trng ph nu cn Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com35L Thin Thin Phong -Thit lp iu kin nu c -Thit lp thuc tnh hin th hoc khng hin th cho trng -Lu li -Xem kt qu thc thi. Ch : Trong qu trnh chn bng (Table) hoc truy vn (Query) Nu thiu th ta c th thm vo bng cch: -t con tr ti vng pha trn ca hp thoi Query -Thc hin:C1: Kch chut vo Menu Query chn Show Table C2: Right_Click, chn Show Table + Xut hin hp thoi Show Table: Hnh 36: Hp thoi Show table chn thm bng/truy vn. Ti hp thoi ny ta tin hnh chn thm bng hoc truy vn, sau nhn Add, nhn Close ng hp thoi li. Nu d th ta c th xo i bng cch: -Ti vng pha trn ca hp thoi Query -Ta tin hng chn bng hoc truy vn cn xo -Thc hin: C1: Kch chut vo Menu Query chn Remove Table C2: Right_Click, chn Remove Table b. Lu truy vn: -Sau khi tin hnh to xong truy vn th ta thc hin lu li truy vn bng cch: Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com36L Thin Thin Phong -NhnvoMenuFile,chnSavehaykchchnvobiutng (Save) trn thanh cng c chun Standard + Xut hin hp thoi Save as Hnh 37: Hp thoi Save as lu truy vn - Ti hp thoi Save As ta thc hin: Nhp tn ca Query cn lu vo mc Query Name, sau nhn OK kt thc vic lu. c. Chnh sa mt truy vn. Saukhi xydngxongmttruyvnthchnhsacutrccan ta tin hnh nh sau: - Trong ngn Queries - Chnh sa: Cch 1: Kch chut vo biu tng trn Database Cch 2: Tin hnh Right_Click, chn Design View. + Xut hin hp thoi Query trng thi Design View Hnh 38: Hp thoi Query trng thi Design View. Ti hp thoi ny ta tin hnh chnh sa cu trc v lu li. d. i tn mt truy vn - Trong ngn Queries - Chn Query cn i tn - i tn:Cch1: Nhp chutvo MenuEdit,chn Renamehaynhn F2. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com37L Thin Thin Phong Cch 2: Tin hnh Right_Click, chn Rename + Nhp vo tn cn i. e. Xo mt truy vn - Trong ngn Queries - Chn Query cn xo - Xo:Cch1:NhpchutvoMenuEdit,chnDeletehaynhn phm Delete. Cch 2: Tin hnh Right_Click, chn Delete. g. Thc thi mt truy vn. - Trong ngn Queries - M Query cn thc thi truy vn trng thi Design View - Thc thi truy vn bng cch:Nhp chut vo Menu Query, chn Run KchchutvobiutngRunhoc biu tng View . 4. ngha v cch xy dng tng loi truy vn c th. a. Truy vn chn Select query. = ngha: Truy vn chn l loi truy vn c chn la, trch rt d liu tccbngdliuthomnmthocnhiuiukinno.Khithchin truy vn Select query,Access tc ng ln d liu v th hin cc bn ghi tho mn cc iu kin t ra trong mt bng kt qu gi l Recordset. = Cch xy dng. - Trong ngn Queries ca thanh Database - Kch chn thuc tnh Create query in Design view: Xut hin Show table Hnh 39: Hp thoi Show table chn bng tham gia truy vn. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com38L Thin Thin Phong - Ti hp thoi Show Table, ta thc hin chn cc bng trong th (Table) hoc truy vn trong th (Query) cha cc trng tham gia vo qu trnh truy vn, nhn Add, sau khi chn xong cc bng hoc cc truy vn ta nhn Close ng hp thoi Show Table. - Sau khi ng hp thoi Show Table li th xut hin Query: Hnh 40: Hp thoi Query to truy vn. Hp thoi Query ny gm 2 vng lm vic chnh +Vngphatrn:Chatonbccbng(Table)hoctruyvn (Query) tham gia vo qu trnh to truy vn. +Vngphadi:ChaliQBEchophpthitktruyvn (Query) vi cc thnh phn sau: TihngField:Chophpchngtalachntrngthamgiavo truy vn. Lu:Trngycthltrngchnhcchntrctiptcc bng hay truy vn v cc trng ph do chng ta xy dng. Ti hng Table: Cho php hin th tn ca bng cha trng tham gia vo truy vn. Ti hng Sort: Chn kiu sp xp cho trng . Ti hng Show: Quy nh thuc tnh cho php xut hin hay khng cho php xut hin trng ny khi thc thi truy vn. Ti hng Criteria: Cha iu kin thc thi truy vn. Ti hng Or: Cha iu kin hoc ca iu kin khi thc thi truy vn. = Lu v thc thi truy vn. =V d:To mttruyvnctnHD_Quy1_Nam_2008 hinthcc ho n c lp trong Qu1 nm 2008 bao gm cc trng sau: MaHD (ly t Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com39L Thin Thin Phong bng(HOA_DON),TenCTy,DiaChi(lytbngKHACH_HANG), NguoiLap_HD(nit2trngHoLotvTentrongbngNHAN_VIEN), NgayLap_HD, NgayGiaoHang (ly t bng HOA_DON) + Tin hnh: - Trong ngn Queries ca thanh Database - Kch chn thuc tnh Create query in Design view: Xut hin Show table Hnh 41: Hp thoi Show table chn bng tham gia truy vn. -TihpthoiShowTable,tathchinchn3bngHOA_DON, KHACH_HANG, NHAN_VIEN trong th (Table) nhn Add, sau khi chn xong cc bng hoc cc truy vn ta nhn Close ng hp thoi Show Table. - Sau khi ng hp thoi Show Table li th xut hin Query: Hnh 42: Hp thoi Query thit lp truy vn. - Ti hng Field: Tin hnh xy dng cc trng ln lc nh sau: + Double_Click vo trng MaHD bng HOA_DON. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com40L Thin Thin Phong +Double_ClickvotrngTenCty,DiaChibng KHACH_HANG. + Xy dng trng NguoiLapHD vi c php: NguoiLapHD:[HoLot]& &[Ten] +Double_ClickvotrngNgayLapHD,NgayGiaoHangbng HOA_DON. Sau khi chn xong cc trng xut hin hp thoi sau: Hnh 43: Chn cc trng tham gia vo truy vn - Ti hng Criteria: Ta thit lp iu kin nh sau + c iu kin l Qu 1 th ta tin hnh xy dng nh sau: . Ti hng Field: Ta xy dng mt trng ph c tn Qu vi c php: Quy:Month([NgayLapHD]) .TihngCriteria:Tathitlpiukinvicphp: Between 1 and 3 + c iu kin l Nm 2008 th ta tin hnh xy dng nh sau: .TihngField:TaxydngmttrngphctnNm vi c php: Nam:Year([NgayLapHD]) . Ti hng Criteria: Ta thit lp iu kin vi c php: 2008 Sau khi thit lp xong iu kin th hin th hp thoi nh sau: Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com41L Thin Thin Phong Hnh 44: Thit lp iu kin cho cc trng tham gia vo truy vn Lu : V cc trng ny khng c hin th khi thc thi truy vn nn ti hng Show ta khng nh du tch vo . - Saukhi chng ta xy dng xong truy vn th tin hnh Luli v nhn Run thc thi truy vn th kt qu xut hin nh hnh sau: Hnh 45: Kt qu hin th truy vn b. Truy vn tham s Parameter Query. =ngha:Nuthngxuynchycngmttruyvn,nhngmiln thc thi vi mt tiu chun khc nhau, thay v phi thit k li truy vn sau mi lnthchin,cthtitkimthoigianbngcchtotruyvnthams.Khi thchinloitruyvnnythAccesssnhcnhpiukinchntronghp thoi Enter Parameter Value. = Cch xy dng: - Trong ngn Queries ca ca s Database - Tin hnh xy dng mt truy vn chn a cc trng tham giam gia vo truy vn - a cc iu kin c th vo cc trng c nh - Xy dng iu kin cho trng cn truyn tham s vo bng cch: Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com42L Thin Thin Phong + Ti hng Criteria: Ta tin hnh thit lp cch truyn tham s theo c php: [Nhp ni dung nhc nh truyn tham s] Vd:xydngtruyvnhinthdanhschcckhchhngmua hng c HoLot c nhp t bn phm th ta tin hnh nh sau: Ti hng Criteria: Like [Nhp h lt ca khch hng!]& * = Tin hnh lu v thc thi truy vn. = V d: To mt truy vn c tn l ThonTinChiTietHD hin th thng tinchititcahoncMaHDcnhptutbnphmbaogmcc thngtinsau:MaHD,TenSP,SoLuong,GiaBan_USD,ThanhTien(ctnh bng SoLuong*GiaBan_USD). + Tin hnh: - Trong ngn Queries ca thanh Database - Kch chn thuc tnh Create query in Design view: Xut hin Show table Hnh 46: Hp thoi Show table chn bng tham gia truy vn. -TihpthoiShowTable,tathchinchn3bngHOA_DON, CHI_TIET_HOA_DON, SAN_PHAM trong th (Table) nhn Add, sau khi chn xong cc bng hoc cc truy vn ta nhn Close ng hp thoi Show Table. - Sau khi ng hp thoi Show Table li th xut hin Query: Hnh 47: Hp thoi query thit lp truy vn. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com43L Thin Thin Phong - Ti hng Field: Tin hnh xy dng cc trng ln lc nh sau: + Double_Click vo trng MaHD bng HOA_DON. + Double_Click vo trng TenSP bng SAN_PHAM. + Double_Click vo trng SoLuong CHI_TIET_HOA_DON. + Double_Click vo trng GiaBan_USD bng SAN_PHAM. + Xy dng trng ThanhTien_USD vi c php: ThanhTien_USD :[SoLuong]*[GiaBan_USD] Sau khi chn xong cc trng xut hin hp thoi sau: Hnh 48: Hp thoi xy dng cc trng trong truy vn. - Ti hng Criteria: Ta thit lp iu kin nh sau +TihngCriteriacatrngMaHD tathitlp iukinvic php: [Nhp vo m ho n:] Sau khi thit lp xong iu kin th hin th hp thoi nh sau: Hnh 49: Hp thoi xy dng iu kin cho cc trng trong truy vn Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com44L Thin Thin Phong - Saukhi chng ta xy dng xong truy vn th tin hnh Luli v nhn Run thc thi truy vn th xut hin hp thoi Enter Parameter Value: Hnh 50: Hp nhp iu kin truy vn Ti hp thoi Enter Parameter Value ta nhp mt MaHD n bt k, v d ta nhp 10102 Hnh 51: Nhp iu kin truy vn 10102 -Saukhinhpxongiukin,nhnOKthktquxuthinnhhnh sau: Hnh 52: Kt qu hin th ca iu kin truy vn 10102 c. Truy vn thng k Totals Query: = ngha: L loi truy vn cho php chng ta thng k s lng ca mt trng no trong CSDL. Mt s php ton c s dng trong truy vn thng k: Php ton ngha Group Bynh ngha cc nhm mun tnh ton SumTnh tng cc gi tr ca mt trng AvgTnh gi tr trung bnh ca mt trng MinTnh gi tr nh nht ca mt trng MaxTnh gi tr ln nht ca mt trng Countm s gi tr khc rng c trong mt trng StDev lch chun ca cc gi tr trong mt trng Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com45L Thin Thin Phong VarS bin thin ca gi tr trong mt trng FirstGi tr ca trng ban ghi u tin trong bng LastGi tr ca trng bn ghi cui cng trong bng ExpressionTrng kiu biu thc WhereGii hn iu kin khi tnh tng Hnh 53: Mt s php ton c s dng thng k Ch : KhithchintruyvnTotals,dliutrongbngktqu ca n trnh by khng th chnh sa. = Cch xy dng: - Trong ngn Queries ca ca s Database -Tinhnhxydngmttruyvnchnaccbngdliutham giam gia vo truy vn. - Vo View, chn Totals hoc kch chn vo biu tng Totals - Ta hin hnh a d cc d kin vo truy vn: + Ti hng Field: Chn cc trng tham gia trong truy vn. + Ti hng Total: Tin hnh thit lp nh sau . i vi trng cn gp nhm d liu: Chn Group By . i vi trng cn thng k gi tr: Chn mt phng thc thng k ph hp. +Ti hngCriteriacatrnglmiu kinthngk:Nhpiu kin gii hn tnh tng (Nu c). + Lu v thc thi truy vn. = V d: To mt truy vn thng k c tn l ThongKeSP thng k s lng bn trung bnh ca tng sn phm c gi mua t 30USD tr ln bao gm cctrngsau:MaSP,TenSP,GiaMua_USD,GiaBan_USD, SoLuongBanTB(TrungbnhSoLuongbn,clmtrnn1slthp phn). +Cch tin hnh: - Trong ngn Queries ca thanh Database - Kch chn thuc tnh Create query in Design view: Xut hin Show table Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com46L Thin Thin Phong Hnh54: Hp thoi Show table chn bng tham gia truy vn. -TihpthoiShowTable,tathchinchn2bng CHI_TIET_HOA_DON, SAN_PHAM trong th (Table) nhn Add, sau khi chn xong cc bng hoc cc truy vn ta nhn Close ng hp thoi Show Table. - Sau khi ng hp thoi Show Table li th xut hin Query: Hnh 55: Hp thoi query thit lp truy vn. - Ti hng Field: Tin hnh xy dng cc trng ln lc nh sau: + Double_Click vo trng MaSP bng SAN_PHAM. + Double_Click vo trng TenSP bng SAN_PHAM. + Double_Click vo trng GiaMua_USD bng SAN_PHAM. + Double_Click vo trng GiaBan_USD bng SAN_PHAM. + Xy dng trng SoLuonBanTB vi c php: SoLuongBanTB: Round(Avg([SoLuong]),1) Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com47L Thin Thin Phong Sau khi chn xong cc trng xut hin hp thoi sau: Hnh 56: Hp thoi xy dng cc trng trong truy vn. - Ti hng Total: Ta thit lp cc thuc tnh thng k cho cc trng + i vi trng MaSP: Chn Group By + i vi trng TenSP: Chn Group By + i vi trng GiaMua_USD: Chn Group By + i vi trng GiaBan_USD: Chn Group By + i vi trng SoLuongBanTB: Chn Expression Sau khi chn xong cc thuc tnh ti hng Total xut hin hp thoi sau: Hnh 57: Hp thoi thit lp thuc tnh ti Total. - Ti hng Criteria: Ta tin hnh xy dng iu kin truy vn + i vi trng GiaMua_USD: Nhp vo iu kin >=30 Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com48L Thin Thin Phong Sau khi tht lp xong iu kin ta c hnh sau: Hnh 58: Hp thoi thit lp iu kin ti hng Criteria. - Sau khi chng ta xy dng xong truy vn th tin lu li truy vn, sau vo Query, chn Run: xut hin kt qu nh hnh sau Hnh 59: Kt qu khi thc thi truy vn. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com49L Thin Thin Phong BI 5. TRUY VN D LIU (QUERY) TT Mc ch Gip hc vin nm c khi nim v truy vn. Gip sinh vin bit cch lc v tm kim thng tin trong c s d liu bng cch thc hin truy vn hnh ng Action Query. Ni dng ngha v cch xy dng cc loi truy vn cn li: oTruy vn thng k tham kho cho Crosstab Query. oTruy vn cp nht Update Query. oTruy vn to bng Make_Table Query. oTruy vn ni bng Append Query. oTruy vn xo Delete Query. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com50L Thin Thin Phong 1. Truy vn thng k tham kho cho Crosstab Query. a. ngha: Truy vn thng k tham kho cho l loi truy vn dng tm lc d liu v trnh by kt qu theo dng nh mt bng tnh. Truy vn thng k tham khochocngcththngkmtkhilngdliulnvtrnhbyn gian hn do thng s dng so snh d liu. b. Cch xy dng: Munto mttruyvnthngk thamkhochochngtaphi xc nh c 3 yu t chnh: + Trng lm tiu ct: Duy nht mt trng. +Trnglmtiuhng:Ctmttrng,cthcnhiu trng lm tiu hng. + Trng tnh gi tr thng k: Duy nht mt trng. = Cch to: - Trong ngn Queries ca ca s Database -Tinhnhxydngmttruyvnchnaccbngdliutham giam gia vo truy vn. - Vo Query, chn Crosstab Query- Ta hin hnh a d cc d kin vo truy vn: + Ti hng Field: Chn cc trng tham gia trong truy vn. + Thit lp cc rng buc i vi cc trng khi tham gia truy vn: = Quy nh i vi trng lm tiu ct: + Ti hng Total: Bt buc phi chn Group By + Ti hng Crosstab: Chn Column Heading = Quy nh i vi trng lm tiu hng: + Ti hng Total: t nht c mt trng phi chn Group By + Ti hng Crosstab: Chn Row Heading = Quy nh i vi trng tnh gi tr hay thng k: + Ti hng Total: Chn mt phng thc thng kthch hp + Ti hng Crosstab: Chn Value = Quy nh i vi trng lm iu kin thng k: + Ti hng Total: Chn Where + Ti hng Criteria: Nhp vo iu kin thng k. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com51L Thin Thin Phong + Lu v thc thi truy vn. =V d:TomttruyvnthngkthamkhochoCrosstab queryc tnThongKeTheoQuythngkslngbncatngsnphmtheotng Qu trong nm 2008, kt qu c hin th nh hnh sau: Hnh 60: Kt qu khi thc thi truy vn. +Cch tin hnh: - Trong ngn Queries ca thanh Database - Kch chn thuc tnh Create query in Design view: Xut hin Show table Hnh61: Hp thoi Show table chn bng tham gia truy vn. -TihpthoiShowTable,tathchinchn3bngHOA_DON CHI_TIET_HOA_DON, SAN_PHAM trong th (Table) nhn Add, sau khi chn xong cc bng hoc cc truy vn ta nhn Close ng hp thoi Show Table. - Sau khi ng hp thoi Show Table li th xut hin Query: Hnh 62: Hp thoi query thit lp truy vn. Gio trnh MS AccessTrung tm tin hc HueITC www.hueitc.com52L Thin Thin Phong - Ti hng Field: Tin hnh xy dng cc trng ln lc nh sau: + Double_Click vo trng TenSP bng SAN_PHAM. + Xy dng trng Qu vi c php: Qu:IIf(Month(HOA_DON!NgayLapHD)