Gramaire Francias Et Anglais

8/2/2019 Gramaire Francias Et Anglais

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le pilote pilot

le professeur teacher (high school or university)

Guessing the gender of inanimate nouns can be a bit tricky. Consonant endingnouns are usually masculine and e ending nouns are usually feminine but there aretons of exceptions. There are some rathercomplicated rulesthat can be used.Les Pronoms Personnels Sujets Subject Pronouns

Je suis le patron. I am the boss.

Tu es un lve. You are a student.

Il est franais. He is french.

Elle est franaise. She is french.

Nous sommes des lves. We are students.

Ils sont de France. They are from France.

Elles sont d'Angleterre. They (woman) are from England.

Whenje is followed by a word that begins with a vowel, it becomes simplyj'.

J'arrive! I'm coming!

Vous is the formal 'you' form. Using it shows respect and social distance. It shouldalways be used when addressing strangers except for in certain environments likeschool where students normally use tu with each other. Permission should be askedbefore using tu, but you normally shouldn't ask if someone is significantly older

than you. It should always be employed when addressing people of authority likeyour teachers or the police.

Vous tes le nouveau voisin, non? You are the new neighbor, no?

Normally, the final consonant of word ending in d, s, t, or x isn't pronounced. Howeverwhen followed by a vowel ending word or a word that begins with silent h, this finalconsonantis pronounced. This is called liaison.

petit ami boyfriend

les enfants the children

Je suis heureuse. I am happy (f.).

Vous is also used for plural you.

Vous tes fous. You (all) are crazy.

Vous mangez des olives. You (all) eat olives.

As you might have noticed, the verb form changes wheneverthe subject changes. The form of the verb, known as the

conjugation, indicates the person of the subject as well asthe tense. Most verbs are conjugated with the same patterns

tre

je suis

tu es

il / elle est

nous sommes
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and are called regular. Other verbs don't follow any sort ofpattern and are irregular. The conjugations oftre, the French'to be' verb, are irregular.

vous tes

ils / elles sont

Now would be a good time to study the regular verbswhich are divided into -erending verbs,-arending verbs and and -irending verbs.

La Possession Possession

Masculine Feminine*Masculine & Feminineplural

mon paysmy country

ma villemy city/town

mes amismy friends

ton preyour father

ta mre

your mother

tes enfantsour children

son couragehis/her bravery

sa tristessehis/her sadness

ses sentiments m.his/her feelings

notre gouvernementour government

notre colreour anger

nos lectionsf.

our elections

votre problmeyour (formal) problem votre ideyour (formal) idea vos russitesf.

your (formal) succeses

leur nomtheir name/last name

leur identittheir identity

leurs prnoms m.their first name

*Whenever a feminine noun begins with a vowel, the masculine forms areused- mon, ton, andson.

son argentf. his/her money son amitif. his/her friendship

la sur de Bruno Bruno's sister (the sister of Bruno)

la voiture de monsieur Jospin Mr. Jospin's car (the car of Mr. Jospin)

les cls* de ma cousine. my female cousin's keys.

*cl is sometimes spelled clefs

Now would be a good time to study the almost regular verbs.

Les Adjectifs Adjectives

Usually adjectives come in masculine and feminine flavors and reflect the genderof the noun they describe. Normally masculine adjectives end in a consonant and
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/verb_frameset_regular.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/verb_frameset_regular.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/verb_frameset_almost.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/verb_frameset_almost.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/verb_frameset_regular.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/verb_frameset_almost.html


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feminine adjectives end in an e however there are a wide variety of feminineforms.

un soldat fort a strong soldier une femme forte a strong woman

Some adjectives are invariable- the same regardless of weather they describe amasculine or feminine noun.

un maillon faible a weak link une voix faible a weak voice

If a noun is plural then the adjective is also plural- an s is added to the end.Thiss never changes the pronuncation.

un bain chaud a warm bath des sources chaudes hot springs f.

des vents froids cold winds m. une rafale froide a cold gust (of wind)

Here are some more adjectives.chaud / chaude hot lourd / lourde heavy difficile difficult

froid / froide cold lger / lgre light facile easy

plein / pleine full rapide fast propre clean

vide empty lent / lente slow sale dirty

pais / paisse thick longue long haut / haute high

fin / fine thin court / courte short bas / basse low

dur / dure hard mouill / mouille wet

doux / douce soft sec / sche dry

sr / sre sure/safe compliqu / complique complicated

dangereux / dangereuse dangerous simple simple

Subject pronouns can be used to refer to objects as well as persons.Il est doux. He/It is soft.

Elle est douce. She/It (feminine) is soft.

More commonly though, ce or anotherdemonstrative is used with objects and things. Ce isonly used with the verb tre and becomes c'when the tre verb form begins withan e. When an adjective describes ce, it is always masculine, even if a feminine object is

being referred to.

C'est dangereux. It / That is dangerous.

practice
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/subject.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/demonstratives.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/ex/adjectives_objects.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/subject.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/demonstratives.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/ex/adjectives_objects.jsp


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Most coloradjectives are invariable. There are only a few that aren't.

blanc / blanche white noir / noire black gris / grise gray

vert / verte green

practice (pets and color adjectives)

Les Adjectifs II Adjectives

riche rich malade sick fatigu / fatigue tired

pauvre poor sain / saine healthy las / lasse weary

jeune young bizarre bizarre joli / jolie pretty

prt / prte ready normal / normale normal laid / laide ugly

heureux / heureuse happy

content / contente content

triste sad

intelligent / intelligente intelligent

stupide stupid

bte dumb

amoureux / amoureuse in love

courageux / courageuse courageous

merveilleux / merveilleuse marvelous

curieux / curieuse curious

secret / secrte secret

srieux / srieuse serious

intressant / intressante interesting

ennuyeux / ennuyeuse boring

gros / grosse fat

mince thin

maigre thin, skinney

mchant / mchante mean

cruel / cruelle cruel

destructeur / destructrice destructive

sympathique nice/likable

gentil / gentille nice

poli / polie polite

honnte honest

menteur / menteuse lying

clbre famousfidle loyal

practice

Whenever an adjective describes both male and female nouns, a masculineadjective is used.

Le chemisier et la jupe sont laids. The blouse and the skirt are ugly.

Les Adjectifs III Adjectives
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/ex/adjectives_objects.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/im/colors/frhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/ex/adjectives_colors.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/im/farm_anim/fr/index2.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/ex/adjectives_persons.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/im/colors/frhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/ex/adjectives_colors.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/im/farm_anim/fr/index2.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/ex/adjectives_persons.jsp


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Normally adjectives follow the noun they describe. This isn't the case for alladjectives.

la grande ville the large city le petit general the small general

le bon cur the good priest une jolie femme a pretty woman

les hauts murs the high walls le mauvais Dr. Moreau The evil Dr. Moreau

le gros morceau de gteau the big/fat piece of cake

Once you hear the language enough you will get a feel for when an adjectivescome before or after a noun. Sometimes the meaning of an adjective changesdepending on it's placement.

un ancien lve a former student ma propre cuisine my own kitchen

un village ancien an old village ma cuisine propre my clean kitchen

ma chre mre my dear mother le pauvre homme the unfortunate man

un lgume cher an expensivevegetable

l'homme pauvre the poor man(money-wise)

The following are all irregular. The archaic masculine form has fallen into disuse,however it is still used in front of masculine nouns that begin with a vowel orsilent h.

Masculineun beau livrea beautiful book

le nouveau conseilthe new advise

un vieux pigean old trap

Archaic Masculinele bel oiseau

the beautiful bird

un nouvel chec

a new failure

le bon vieux temps

the good old daysFeminine

la belle montagnethe beautiful mountain

la nouvelle annethe new year

une vieille plaiean old wound

C'est la premire fois que je vis seul. This is the first time that I'm living alone.

Now would be a good time to study the Out of this World Verbs.

The infinitive (l'infinitif) is displayed at the top of each verb's conjugation table. Besides servingto identify a verb, it is employed whenever the tense or the person of the subject need not be

indicated. This is the case when verbs are strung together. The first verb marks the tense andperson. The infinitive is used for the second.

Elles vont bientt finir . They (women) are going to finish soon.

Il veut tre courageux. He wants to be brave.

or when a verb follows a preposition.

Il faut tre disciplin pour finir les devoirs. One must be disciplined to finish homework.

Les Adjectifs Demonstratives Demonstratives Adjectives
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Masculine Feminine

singularce tableaucet homme *

this painting

this mancette histoire this story

plural ces miracles these miracles ces guerres these wars

*When masculine nouns begin with a vowel or silent 'h', cetis used.

Cet htel est bon march. This hotel is cheap.

The above demonstratives are used with nouns and are technically adjectives.

Les Pronoms Demonstratives Demonstrative Pronouns

Ce is equivalent to 'this' & 'that' however it is used only with the verb tre. It isshortened to c'when treis in a form that begins with an e.

-Ta nouvelle voiture est prte. Your new car is ready.-C'est magnifique! That's great.

Regarde le coucher du soleil. Look at the sunset!

-C'est trs beau! It (the sunset) is very beautiful!

The following demonstratives are used to point out objects.

Singular Plural

Masculine celui ceuxFeminine celle celles

Normally either-ci, indicating that the object is near, or-l, indicating distance, isattached to these pronouns.

Celui-ci this one (masculine)

Celle-l that one (feminine)

Vouz prfrez celui-ci ou celui-l?Do you want this one (masculine) or thatone (masculine)?

Finally there is cela, and it's informal equivalent, a. Both can be use to refer toobjects as well as the indefinite- things like ideas and events. They are often usedwhen making general statements about something.

Le poisson, a pue. Fish, it stinks.

or when an object is unknown.

Je fais quoi avec a? I do what with this?

Now would be a good time to study the Out of this World Verbs.
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The infinitive (l'infinitif) is displayed at the top of each verb's conjugation table. Besides servingto identify a verb, it is employed whenever the tense or the person of the subject need not beindicated. This is the case when verbs are strung together. The first verb marks the tense and

person. The infinitive is used for the second.

Elles vont bientt finir . They (women) are going to finish soon.

Il veut tre courageux. He wants to be brave.

or when a verb follows a preposition.

Il faut tre disciplin pour finir les devoirs. One must be disciplined to finish homework.

La Ngation Negation

To negate something surround the verb with ne andpas.Je ne mange pas de viande. I don't eat meat.

Elle ne joue pas au football. She doesn't play soccer.

Ils ne savent pas la rponse. They don't know the response.

Ne, likeje, is one of the words that drops it's vowel when it come before a vowel.This is called lision.

Il n'est pas une femme. He isn't a woman.

Nous n'avons pas l'argent. We don't have the money.In casual speech, the ne is often dropped.

Je sais pas. I don't know.

Le Partitif Partitive

When you refer to a piece of something - not the entire thing - use the partitivearticle which is deplaced in front of the article and noun.

Je veux le pain. I want the bread.Don't be so greedy (gourmand)!

Je veux du pain. I want some of the bread.

Le gelier donne de l'eau aux prisonniers. The jailer gives water to the prisoners.

Donne moi de l'argent. Give me some money.

Now would be a good time to study the Type II Irregular Verbs.
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Les Pronoms d'object Object Pronouns

Object

L'artiste peint un chef d'uvre. The artist is painting a masterpiece.

Subject

Les Pronoms d'object directs Direct Object Pronouns

The direct object pronouns are placed in front of the verb.

Il me comprend. He understands me.

Je te comprends. I understand you.

Tu le comprends. You understand him/it.Nous la comprenons. We understand her/it.

Tu nous comprends. You understand us.

Je vous comprends. I understand you (formal)/you (plural).

Elles les comprennent. They (feminine) understand them.

When followed by a vowel or silent 'h', me, te,la and le experience elision.

Elle t'aime. She loves you.

Il m'envoie une lettre. He is sending me a letter.

Je l'ai. I have him/her/it.

Now would be a good time to study the Type III Irregular Verbs.

Les Verbes Impersonnels Impersonal verbs

The pronoun ilis used when describing the weather and for time realatedexpressions.

Il pleut. It's raining. Il fait beau. It is nice (outside).

Il neige. It's snowing. Il fait mauvais. It is bad (outside).

Il fait chaud. It is hot. Il y a du vent. It's windy.(There is wind)Il fait froid. It is cold.

Il est six heures. It is 6 o'clock. Il est midi. It is noon.
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Il est trois heures dix. It is three ten.

Il est une heures moins dix. It is 10 till 1. (It is one minus 10)

Il est trois heures et demi. It is half past three.

Il est neuf heures moins le quart. It is a quarter till 9. (It is 9 minus a quarter.)Il est huit heures quarante-cinq. It is nine fourty-five.

Il est tt. It's early. Il est tard. It is late.

practice telling time

Ilhere represents the state of things- the world or universe at that moment.

The verbfalloiris always used with iland expresses what is needed or what must

be done.Il faut arranger la chambre. The room must be cleaned/tidied up.

Il faut aider les pauvres. One must help the poor.

Il ne faut pas tre goste. One must not be selfish.

Il y a is used to express 'there is'.

Il y a un ours sur la montagne There is a bear on the mountain.

Il y a un passage secret derrire ce mur. There is a secret passage behind this wall.

Location Prepositions:sur on devant in front of a cote de beside

sous under derrire behind a la droite de to the right of

entre amongst, between a la gauche de to the left of

practice

and ___ 'ago'.

Il y a un sicle, l'ordinateur n'existait pas. A century ago, the computer didn't exit.

Les Pronoms Indirects Indirect Object Pronouns

When the action is directed toward, or at an object, that object is an indirectobject.

Il parle sa femme. He speaks to his wife.

When the preposition is followed by le, the two merge to form au. When followedby les the two form aux.

Jacques ressemble au maire. Jacques looks like the mayor.
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/data/time.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/ex/prep_location.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/data/time.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/ex/prep_location.jsp


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Il faut parler aux enfants. One must speak to the children

The indirect object pronouns are exactly the same as the direct object pronounsexcept for the third person singular and plural forms.

Il me parle. He speaks to me.Elle te parle. She speaks to you.

Je lui parle. I speak to him/her.

Elles nous parlent. She speaks to us.

Je leur parle. I speak to them.

Following are some other verbs that commonly take indirect objects. Many times,verbs that take direct objects in English take indirect objects in French and viceversa.

Jacques dsobit lenseignante. Jacque disobeys the teacher(female)

Jacques lui dsobit. Jacques disobeys her.

La bonne note plat ses parents. The good grade pleases his parents.

La bonne note leur plat. The good grade pleases them.

Il ne peut pas rsister au diable. He cannot resist the devil.

Il ne peut pas lui rsister. He cannot resist him.

Il faut tlphoner au prsident. We must telephone the president.(The president must be called.)

Il faut lui tlphoner. We must telephone him.(He must be called.)

Lui and leurare only employed if the indirect object is a person. If this is not thecase,y should be used.

Vous rpondez la question. You respond to the question.

Vous y rpondez. You respond to it.

Vous rpondez l'enseignant. You respond to the teacher (male ).

Vous lui rpondez. You respond to him/her.

En is a pronoun that can replace any phrase that begins with de.

Je reviens d'Allemagne. I'm returning from Germany.

J'en reviens. I'm returning from there.

Je suis franaise et j'en suis fire. I am French and I am proud of it.

When the preposition de is followed by le, the two merge to form du. When followedby les the two form des.

Je suis l'homme le plus fort du monde. I'm the strongest man in the world.

Il est le moins intelligent des quatres. He is the least intelligent of the four.


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We saw an example above ofy replacingthe phrase la question. Ycan actuallyreplace any prepositional phrase other than the prepositional phrases that beginwith de.

Il y est.

He is there.

(y here could be replacing dans la maison,en France, sur la table etc.)

Les Adverbes Adverbs

French adverbs are usually formed by adding -mente to the end of the feminineadjective.

heureuse heureusement happily

facile facilement easily

franche franchement frankly

parfaite parfaitement perfectly

rapide rapidement rapidly

Un jour, vous parlerez franais parfaitement.One day you will speak French perfectly.

Elle parle rapidement.She speaks quickly.

There is a good number of adverbs that don't end in -mente.

bien wellmal badly

beaucoup muchpeu little

assez enough

Tu parles trs bien. You speak very well.Luc mange peu, comme un oiseau. Philippe mange beaucoup, comme un orse.

Luc eats little, like a bird. Philippe eats a lot, like a bear.

Le Participe Prsent Present Participle

The French present participle is formed by replacing the -ons ending of the firstperson plural present with the ending -ant.

parlons parlant

finissons finissant

vendons vendant

C'est une jolie bague valant plus de mille dollars.It's a pretty ring worth more than a thousand dollars.


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Un secrtaire parlant plusieurs langues vaut son poids en or.

A secretary speaking several languages is worth her weight in gold.

Connaissant le problme, il a hsit. Knowing the problem, he hesitated.

The present particple is sometimes used as an an adjective...

Ils ont l'eau courante dans leur maison. They have running water in their house.

Nous allons une fte dansante samedi prochain.We're going to a dancing party next Saturday.

When the present participle follows en, it is agerund, equivalent to English -ingverbal nouns following while, by, or on.

Il faisait une grimace en mangeant sesescargots.

He was making a face while eating hissnails.

En attendant, elle est trs malheureuse. While waiting, she is very unhappy.

Elle est arrive en sifflant lgrement. She arrived whistling lightly.

Les Questions Questions

Typically, yes/no questions are formed by ending the sentence with risingintonation.

Tu parles franais? Do you speak French?

- Oui- Non

- un peu

- bien sr

- Oui, je le parle couramment.

- plus ou mois

- pas du tout

- Yes

- No

- a little

of course

- Yes, I speak it fluently.

- more or less

- not at all

Tu vois la baleine? Do you see the whale?

Tu es sr? You are sure?

a va? How's it going? (It goes?)

- Oui

- a va.

- Yes

- It goes.

As we've already seen with tu and vous, French has different levels of formality.These different levels of formality are also expressed when asking questions.Inverting the subject and verb is formal.

Parlez-vous franais? Do you speak French?


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tes-vous prte? Are you ready (f.)?

When a verb ends in a vowel and is followed by il, elle, oron, a 't' is insertedbetween the verb and the noun.

Mange-t-il de la viande? Does he eat meat?

Usually when je is the subject, questions are not formed through inversion exceptwith a few short monosyllabic verbs (aller, avoir, devoir, dire, tre andpouvoir)

Puis-je parler Hlne, s'il vous plat. May I speak with Helene please?

Suis-je fou? Am I crazy?

Instead, whenje is the subject, questions are typically formed by 'fronting'with est-ce que.

Est-ce que je suis fou? Am I crazy?

Maman, est-ce que je peux aller jouer avec Catherine?

Mama, can I go play with Catherine?

Est-ce que je peux vous tutoyer?Can I address you with tu (as opposed to vous)?

Fronting a question with est-ce que, is also very common when the subject isn'tje.

Est-ce que Marie va nous accompagner? Is Marie going to accompany us?

Est-ce que Franc est de Marseilles? Is Frank from Marseilles?

If a question is asked with a negated sentence, you should contradict theassumption withsi.

Tu ne manges pas?

- Si-Non

You aren't going to eat?

- Yes (I am going to eat )-No

Les Questions II Questions

When asking a queston, you can simply replace a noun or phrase with theinterogative pronoun and use rising intonation. This is rather informal.

O? Where?

Francine cache l'argent o? Where does Francine hide the money?

The interegative pronoun can also be moved to the beginning of the sentence. Thesubject and verb then flip locations. Whenever a subject....

O est Pierre? Where is Pierre?

The subject and verb need not be interexchanged ifest-ce que follows theinterrogative pronoun

O est-ce que le roi vit? Where does the king live?


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Comment? How?

Comment est Bordeaux? How is Bordeaux?

Comment vous faites? How do you do it?

Comment vous vous appelez? What's your name?(How do you call yourself?)

Quand? When?

Vous nous visitez quand? When are you visiting us?

Quand visitez-vous Nantes? When are you visiting Nantes?

Pourquoi? Why?

Pourquoi est -ce que tu vas Toulouse? Why are you going to Toulouse?Pourquoi sommes-nous ici? Why are we here?

Pourquoi m'en voulez vous?* Why do you have something against me?

*Il m'en veut. He is upset with me.

Qui? Who?

Qui est l? Who is it?

Qui tes vous? Who are you?

Tu parles qui? You are speaking to whom?

Combien? How Much? How Many?

Tu as combien? You have how much?

Combien est-ce que tu payes? How much do you pay?

Les Questions III Questions

When the interrogative pronoun replaces the noun and its position does not change,use quoi as opposed to que.

Ils servent quoi? What are they used for?

Tu aimes manger quoi? You like eating what?

Use que as opposed to quoi when the pronoun has been moved to the front of thesentence unless a preposition comes before it.

Qu'aimes-tu manger? What do you like to eat?

quoi sert-il? What is it used for?De quoi avez-vous peur? What are you scared of?


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When que is the subject of a sentence, est-ce qui must be appended to it- qu'est-cequi. When an object, continue to attach est-ce que.

Qu'est-ce qui cause le hoquet? What causes hiccups?

Qu'est-ce que tu fais avec a? What are you doing with that?

Qu'est-ce que tu attends? What do you expect?

Qu'est-ce que c'est? What's that?

The same is true for qui- when it is the subject of a sentence attach est-ce qui andcontinue to attatchest-ce que when an object.

Qui est-ce qui m'appelle? Who is calling me?

Qui est-ce que tu aimes? Who do you love?

Quel? Which?

Singular Plural

Masculine quel quels

Feminine quelle quelles

Quelle heure est-il? What time is it? (Which hour is it?)

- Il est neuf heures et demi.- Il est minuit.

-It is half past 9.-It is midnight.

A quelle heure est la fte?What time is the party?(At which hour is the party?)

Quel est le serpent le plus vnneux d'Asie?What is the most venomous snake of Asia?

Quelles sont tes secrets pour sduire les femmes?What are your secrets for picking up women?

Lequel? Which one?

Singular Plural

Masculine lequel lesquels

Feminine laquelle lesquelles

Voici deux chemins.

Nous devons prendre lequel?Here are two paths.We should take which one?

- Lesquelles voulez-vous?- celles-l, s'il vous plait

Which ones do you want?-these , please


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Les Pronoms Possessifs Possesive Pronouns

Le livre est le mien. The book is mine.

La nourriture est la mienne. The food is mine.

Les jouets sont les miens. The toys (m.) are mine.

Les opinions sont les miennes. The opinions (f.) are mine.

Le dsordre est le tien. The mess is yours.

La chatte est la tienne. The cat (female) is yours.

Les enfants gts sont les tiens. The spoiled children are yours.

Les catastrophes sont les tiennes. The catastrophies (f.) are yours.

Le trsor est le ntre. The treasure (m.) is ours.

La maison est la ntre. The house (f.) is ours.

Les richesses sont les ntres. The riches (f.) are ours.

Le devoir est le vtre. The homework is yours.

L'amende est la vtre. The fine (f.) is yours.

Les factures sont les vtres. The bills (f.) are yours.

L'esclave est le sien. The slave (m.f.) is theirs/her/his.

Cette terre est la sienne. This land is theirs/her/his.

Les livres sont les siens. The books (m.) are theirs/her/his.

Les chemises sont les siennes. These shirts (f.) are theirs/her/his.

Les Pronoms Personnels Toniques The Disjunctive

Singular Plural

1st person moi nous

2nd person toi vous

3rd person elle (Feminine)lui (Masculine)soi

euxelles


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Disjuctive pronouns are used as subject pronouns when there are multiple subjectsseparated by commas, etorou.

Jean Paul et moi allons partir demain.Jean Paul and I are going to leavetomorrow.

Les amricains et eux sont pareils. The Americans and them are the same.

The disjunctive pronoun is the 'everywhere else pronoun'. If it's not an objectpronoun and not a subject pronoun (except in the case just mentioned) a disjunctivepronoun is required. This includes...

pronouns following a preposition.

Ce cadeau est pour moi? The gift is for me?

Non, je suis dsole. C'est pour elle. No, I'm sorry. It's for her.

when a pronoun follows c'est...

Qui est l? Who is there?

C'est moi. It's me.

Les Adjectives Indfinis Indefinite Adjectives

Il ne comprend pas tout le livre. He doesn't understand the entire book.

Toute la famille est reconnaissante. All the family is grateful.Tous les oiseaux ont des plumes. All birds have feathers.

Toutes les chemises sont au rabais. All the shirts are discounted.

The toutindefinite adjectives have equivalent indefinite pronouns. Notice thedifference in pronouncation between the adjective tous and the pronoun tous.

Tous vont venir. Everybody will come.

Most of the indefinite adjectives have an equivalent indefinite pronoun that is the

same.Aucun animal est aussi rapide. No animal is as fast.

Aucune plante est si belle. No planet is as beautiful.

Quelques invits vont arriver en avance. Some invited people will arrive early.

Chaque lve doit arriver a l'heure. Every student must arrive on time.

Il n'existe pas d'autre professeur comme elle. There isn't another teacher like her.

Elle porte la mme chemise que toi. She is wearing the same shirt as you.

Diffrentes personnes ont des gots diffrents. Different people have different tastes.

Plusieurs personnes partent en retard. Several people leave late.


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Tout le monde m'aime. Everybody loves me.

Here are some more indefinite pronouns.

Personne n'est ici. Nobody is here.

Chacun est prt donner sa vie. Each one is ready to give his live.

Chacune est compltement dgnre.Each one (female) is completlydegenerate.

Quelqu'un veut se marier avec moi?Does somebody(female) want to marryme?

Masculine and feminine forms exist for these indefinites.

Le Reflexive Reflexive

When something does something to itself, a reflexive pronoun is used. Thereflexive pronouns are exactly like the direct object pronouns except for the thirdperson singular and plural forms.

Je me lave les mains. I wash my hands

Je lave le bb. I wash the baby.

Elle se peigne les cheveux. He combs his hair.

Elle peigne les cheveux de sa fille. She combs the hair of her daughter.

Il se lve. He gets up.

Il lve les poids He lifts the weights.

Reflexive pronouns are also used when a reflexive relationship doesn't truly exist.In these situations the pronouns serve to distinguish the verbs from the transitiveforms.

David se marie avec Jeanne. David is marrying Jeanne.

Le cur marie David et Jeanne. The priest is marrying David and Jeanne.

Elle s'appelle Anne. She is called Anne.

Il appelle son pre. He calls his father.Reflexive pronouns are also used when two entities do things to each others.

Alain et Isabelle s'aiment. Alain and Isabelle love each other.

Nathalie et Genevive s'embrassent. Nathalie and Genevieve kiss each other.(normal form of greeting between friends)

Le Participe Passs Past Participle

The past participle is formed by dropping the er/ir/re endings and adding for-

erending verbs, i forirending verbs and u for -re ending verbs.


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aimer aim loved

choisir choisi choosen

vendre vendu sold

The above forms are regular, however there are a good number of irregular forms.

The past participle is used to form thepass compos, which is used toexpress the past tense.

Guillaume a mang tout le gteau. Guillaume ate the entire cake.

It is used inpassivesentences...

Le ciel a t illumin par la foudre. The sky was lit up by the lightning.

it frequently serves as an adjective...La porte est ferme. The door is closed.

La boutique est ouverte. The store is open.

Blesse, Marie boite maintenant quand elle marche.

Hurt, Mary limps now when she walks.

and to form the present perfect.

Il avait dit la vrit. He had said the truth.

Pass Compos

The pass compos is usually formed by following the present tense ofavoirwithapast participle.

j'ai aim I loved

tu as aim you loved

il/elle a aim he/she loved

nous avons aim We loved

vous avez aim You lovedils/elles ont aim They loved

There is a select group of verbs for which the pass compose is formed with tre asopposed to avoir.
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/passe_compose.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/passives.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/past_participles.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/passe_compose.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/passives.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/past_participles.jsp


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arriver arriv to arrive

aller all to go

descendre descendu to descend

entrer entr to enter

monter mont to climb

mourir mort to die

natre n to be born

Actually for these verbs tre is used only when it is intransitive- that is to say theydon't take objects.

Elle est retourne Paris. She returned.

Elle a retourn le livre. She returned the book.

When tre is used the past participle always agrees with the subject in the sameway as an adjective agrees with a noun. Verbs based on the above verbs suchas devenir, revenir, and rentreralso use trewhen used intransitively.

Colette est devenue une crivain extraordinaire.Colette became a remarkable writer.

When avoiris used, the past participle agrees only with preceding direct objects

When the subject and object of a verb have a reflexive relationship - the subjectdoes something to itself (seepronominals (reflexives), the auxiliary verb is

always tre.Marie s'est rveille six heures. Marie woke up at six o'clock.

Marie a rveill les enfants six heures. Marie woke up the children at six o'clock.

Les Ordres m. Commands

To boss someone around, use the present tense, however drop the finals if theconjugation ends in es oras .

Mange! Eat!

Parlez franais seulement! Speak only French!

Chantez-moi une chanson! Sing me a song!

Va faire les courses! Go run the errands.

Ouvrons la fentre! a pue. Lets open the window. It stinks!

There are a few irregular commands which are based on the subjunctive.

tre to be SoisSoyez

Soyons

savoir to know SacheSachez

Sachons

partir parti to leave

rester rest to remain

retourner retourn to return

sortir sorti to exit

tomber tomb to fall

venir venu to come
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/reflect/http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/reflect/


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Le Futur Future(seefuture & conditional conjugations)

J'irai a Marseilles demain. I will go to Marseilles tomorrow.

Selon le voyant, vous serez riche et clbre.According to the the psychic, you will be rich and famous.

Je ferai toutes les tches mnagres demain.

I will do all the household chores tomorrow.

Dans l'avenir, les robots travailleront notre place. Nous serons tous la plage.

In the future, robots will work in our place. We will be at the beach.

Le Conditionnel Conditional(seefuture & conditional conjugations)

Je tpouserais si tu n'tais pas un salaud.

I would marry you if you weren't a jerk.

Si je trouve du travail, j'inviterai tout le monde manger.

If I find a job, I would invite everyone to dinner.

Often the conditional is used to politely ask a question, make a suggestion, or requestsomething.

Je voudrais un verre de vin blanc. I would like a glass of white wine.

Pourriez-vous lui parler ma place? Could you talk to him for me?

Le Passif Passive

With passive sentences, what is important is that which was done or is being done.Who or what did it need not be mentioned.

Les biscuits ont et mangs. The cookies were eaten.

Le ciel a t illumin par la foudre. The sky was lit up by the lightning.

Malheureusement, Pierre a t mang par des crocodiles. Unfortunately, Luis was eaten by crocodiles.

The passive aboves were formed by moving the object to where the subject was,using a form ofser, and following everything with apast participle.

OnThe passive is often avoided by using on, the 'stand for just about anything' subjectpronoun.

On vide les poubelles le lundi. The trash cans are emptied on Mondays.

Dans l'usine, on fabrique des jouets. In the factory, toys are made.
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/future.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/future.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/future.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/future.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/past_participles.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/past_participles.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/future.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/future.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/past_participles.jsp


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Le Subjuntive Subjunctive

Most of the tenses we've encountered so far (the present, past, future) describeconcrete reality- that which is happening, happened, or will happen. Thesubjunctive (see subjunctive conjugations) expresses a reality that isn't concrete-

what someone wants to happen or what might happen, for example.In the following sentences, the subjunctive is used in the phrases expressing whatsomeone wants- volition.

Elle veut que nous soyons la fte. She wants us to be at the party.

J'aimerais que vous m'appeliez demain. I would like for you to call me tomorrow.

Nous voulons que tu russisses. We want you to succeed.

In all but a few rare cases, the subjunctive will appear only in subordinate phrases-phrases introduced by the relative pronoun que. However, just because a verb is ina subordinate phrase does not mean it must be a subjunctive. The followingsubordinate phrase expresses concrete reality.

C'est vrai que Frank est n sur Mars. It's true that Frank was born on Mars.

Beyond querer and me gustaria, volition can be expressed by giving orders,prohibiting something, or any other way where some desire is expressed.

Son ambition est que son fils devienne president.

His/her ambition is that his/her son becomes president.

Le roi exige que vous rentriez Versailles.The king demands that you return to Versailles.

The subjunctive is also frequently used whenever there is the least bit of judgementmade about something.

Il serait bon que Marie aille se brosser les dents.

It would be good for Marie to go brush her teeth.

Il vaut mieux que vous pensiez plus aux possibilits positives au lieu des possibilitsnegatives.

It is better that you think more of the positive possibilities rather than the negativeones.How good that you are leaving!

Or when emotion is involved...

C'est incroyable que mon comptable aient perdu tout mon argent.

It's incredible that my accountant lost all my money.

C'est indispensable que tu apprennes ta lecon.

It is essential that you learn your lesson.

This is just a quick introduction to the subjunctive, fully understanding all thenuances requieres a more in depth study.
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/subjunctive.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/www.frenchlesson.org/grammar/subjhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/subjunctive.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/introduction/www.frenchlesson.org/grammar/subj


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Le Fin The End

Conjugations

Present Regular

Er Ending Verbs

parler

je parle

tu parles

il/elle parle

nous parlons

vous parlez

ils/elles

parlen

t

couter

j'coute

tu coutes

il/elle coute

nous coutons

vous coutez

ils/elles

coute

nt

For the following verbs , the e remains in the nous form .

changer**

to change

manger*

*to eat

nager*

*to swim

partager * to share

Verbs of this type

aimer*

*

to like

to love

commenc

er

*

*to begin

donner*

*to give

couter*

*to listen to

emprunter*

*to borrow

tudier*

*to study

fermer*

*to close

goter*

*to taste

laver*

*to wash

marcher*

*to walk

rester*

*to stay


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*

Nous mangeons.We eat.

Nous partageons.We share.

sauter*

*to jump

prter*

*to lend

parler*

*to talk

travailler*

*to work

Practice conjugating -er regular verbs!

Ir Ending Verbs
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/erverbs.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/erverbs.jsp


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accomplir

j' accomplis

tu accomplis

il/ elle accomplit

nous accomplissons

vous accomplissez

ils/elles accomplissent

btir

je btis

tu btis

il/ elle btit

nous btissons

vous btissez

ils/elles btissent

Practice conjugating -ir regular verbs!

Re Ending Verbs

entendre

j'entends

vendre

je vends

Verbs of this type

attendre*

*to wait

dfendre * to defend

Verbs of this type

accomplir*

*

to

accomplish

btir*

* to build

choisir*

*to choose

embellir**

to make

beautiful

envahir*

*to invade

finir** to finish

grandir*

*to grow up

obir*

*to obey

punir*

*to punish

remplir**to fill

runir*

*to reunite

russir*

*to succeed

saisir*

*to seize
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/irverbs.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/irverbs.jsp


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tu entends

il/

elle entend

nousentendo

ns

vousentende

z

ils/elles

entende

nt

tu vends

il/

elle vend

nousvendo

ns

vous vendez

ils/elles

vende

nt

Practice conjugating -re type verbs!

*

descend

re

*

*to descend

entendre **

to hear

tendre *

*

to stretch;

to spread

out

fendre*

*to split

fondre*

*

to melt

pendre*

*to hang

pondre*

*

to lay an

egg

perdre*

*to lose

rendre*

* to render

rpandre*

*to spread

rpondre*

*to answer

tendre*

*to tighten

vendre **

to sell

Almost RegularThese verbs are essentially regular with slight changes.
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/reverbs.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/reverbs.jsp


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In the following verbs, the second to the last vowel becomes for all conjugations exceptthe nous andvous forms.

esprer

j' espre

tu espres

il/ elle espre

nous esprons

vous esprez

ils/elles esprent

Verbs of this type

cder to yield,to cede

clbrer to celebrate

complter to complete

considrer to consider

esprer to hope

possder to possess

prfrer to prefer

protger to protect

rpter to repeat


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acheter

j' achte

tu achtes

il/ elle achte

nous achetons

vous achetez

ils/elles achtent

Practice conjugating the above verbs!

Here, the final consonant is doubled except for the nous and vous forms

appeler

j' appelle

tu appelles

il/ elle appelle

nous appelons

vous appelez

ils/elles appellent

And here, they is sometimes converted to i.

payer Verbs of this type

Verbs of this type

acheter to buy

amener to bring,

to leadtoward

lever to raise

emmener to take,to lead

away

enlever to lift

geler to freeze

lever to raise

mener to lead

peser to weigh

promener to take a

walk

Verbs of this type

appeler to call

jeter to throw

(away)

rejeter to reject
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/almost.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/almost.jsp


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je paie

tu paies

il/ elle paie

nous payons

vous payez

ils/elles paient

employer to use

ennuyer to bore

envoyer to send

essayer to try

essuyer to wipe

nettoyer to clean

payer to pay (for)

Practice conjugating these verbs!

Practice conjugating all regular verbs!

Present Irregular

Out of this World VerbsThese verbs are the freaks of the French language.

avoir

j'ai

tu as

il/elle a

nousavon

s

vous avez

ils/elles

ont

tre

je suis

tu es

il/elle est

noussomm

es

vous tes

ils/ellessont

avoir ** to have

tre ** to be
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/almost2.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/regulars.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/almost2.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/regulars.jsp


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aller

je vais

tu vas

il/elle va

nousallon

s

vous allez

ils/elles

vont

faire

je fais

tu fais

il/elle fait

nousfaison

s

vous faites

ils/elles

font

savoir

je sais

tu sais

il/elle sait

noussavon

s

vous savez

ils/elles

save

nt

valoir

je vaux

tu vaux

il/elle vaut

nousvalon

s

vous valez

ils/elles

valen

t

mourir

je meurs

tu meurs

il/elle meurt

falloir

ilfau

t

aller ** to go

faire ** to do

savoir*

*to know

valoir*

*to be worth

mourir to die

falloir*

*to need


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nousmouro

ns

vous mourez

ils/elles

meurent

practice conjugating these verbs!

Pouvoir and vouloir

pouvoir

je peux

tu peux

il/elle peut

nouspouvo

ns

vouspouvez

ils/elles

peuve

nt

vouloir

je veux

tu veux

il/elle veut

nousvoulon

s

vous voulez

ils/elles

veulen

t

pleuvoir

ilpleu

t

pouvoir*

*to be able

pleuvoir**

to rain

vouloir*

*to want
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/etreallefaire.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/etreallefaire.jsp


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Dire

dire

je dis

tu dis

il/elle dit

nousdison

s

vous dites

ils/elles

disen

t

practice conjugating pouvoir, vouloir anddire

Venir and Tenir

venir

je viens

tu viens

il/elle vient

nous venons

vous venez

ils/elles

vienne

nt

Verbs of this type

contenir*

*to contain

convenir*

*

to be

convenient

mainteni

r

*

*to maintain

obtenir*

*to obtain

parvenir*

*

to succeed

in...

revenir*

*

to come

back

tenir*

*

to hold; to

insist

venir

*

* to come

dire ** to say; to tell

interdire ** to prohibit

maudire to curse
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/pouvoirvouloir.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/pouvoirvouloir.jsp


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practice conjugating venir and tenir

Verbs like apparatreNotice! This class of verbs are conjugated similarily to the regular -ir verbs.

apparatre

j'apparais

tu apparais

il/elle apparat

nousapparaisso

ns

vousapparaisse

z

ils/ellesapparaisse

nt

Verbs of this type

apparatr

e

*

*to appear

connatre*

*

to meet

someone

disparatr

e

*

*

to

disappear

har*

*to hate

natre*

*to be born

reconnat

re

*

*to recognize

practice conjugating verbs like apparatre

practice conjugating all Out of this World Verbs

Type I IrregularAll of these irregular verbs have -s,-s, -t, -ons, -ez, and -

entendings. Careful, many of them undergo non-standard stem

changes. Learning the stem changes is the challenge to learning

these verbs.

Verbs like rire, courir rire

je ris

tu ris

courir

je cours

tu cours

Verbs of this type

conclure*

*to conclude

courir*

*to run
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/tenirvenir.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/miscelanousirregulars.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/out.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/tenirvenir.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/miscelanousirregulars.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/out.jsp


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il/ elle rit

nous rions

vous riez

ils/elles rient

il/ elle court

nous courons

vous courez

ils/elles courent

interrompre

*

*to interrupt

parcourir*

*

to pass

through

rire*

*to laugh

rompre*

*to break

secourir*

*to help

sourire*

*to smile

Practice conjugating these type verbs!

Verbs like dormir, partir dormir

je dors

tu dors

il/ elle dort

nous dormons

vous dormez

ils/elles dorment

Verbs of this type

dormir*

*to sleep

mentir**

to lie

partir*

*to leave

sentir*

*to feel

servir*

*to serve

sortir**

to leave


Verbs like vivre, suivre, poursuivre, crire vivre Verbs of this type

crire* to write
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/verbslikecourir.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/verbslikepartir.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/verbslikecourir.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/verbslikepartir.jsp


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je vis

tu vis

il/ elle vit

nous vivons

vous vivez

ils/elles vivent

*

poursuivre*

*to pursue

suivre*

* to follow

vivre*

*to live


The plaire verb

plaire

je plais

tu plais

il/ elle plat

nous plaisons

vous plaisez

ils/elles plaisent

Verbs of this type

dplaire*

*to displease

plaire*

*to please


Verbs like lire, dire, construire lire

je lis

tu lis

il/ elle lit

nous lisons

vous lisez

ils/elles lisent

Verbs of this type

conduire*

*

to drive

construire*

*to build

cuire*

*to cook

dtruire*

*to destroy

elire*

*

to elect

lire* to read
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/ecriredecrire.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/plairedeplaire.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/ecriredecrire.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/plairedeplaire.jsp


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*

produire*

*to produce

traduire*

* to translate


The verbs croire, voir croire

je crois

tu crois

il/ elle croit

nous croyons

vous croyez

ils/elles croient

Verbs of this type

croire*

*to believe

fuir*

*to flee

voir*

*to see


Verbs like devoir, recevoir, boire devoir

je dois

tu doisil/ elle doit

nous devons

vous devez

ils/elles doivent

Verbs of this type

apercevoir*

*to perceive

boire*

*

to drink

dcevoir*

*to disappoint

devoir*

*should

recevoir*

*to receive

The c ofapercevoir, recevoir, and dcevoirbecomes a cedilla, , in all but
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/ireverbshttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/croirevoirmourir.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/ireverbshttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/croirevoirmourir.jsp


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the nous and vousforms. 'Boire' doesn't perfectly fit into this group. The infinitive andthe nous and vous forms differ from the others.

recevoir

je reois

tu reois

il/ elle reoit

nous recevons

vous recevez

ils/elles reoivent

boire

je bois

tu bois

il/ elle boit

nous buvons

vous buvez

ils/elles boivent


Verbs like joindre, craindre joindre

je joins

tu joins

il/ elle joint

nous joignons

vous joignez

ils/elles joignent

Verbs of this type

atteindre*

*to reach

craindre

*

* to fear

teindre*

*to extinguish

joindre*

*to join

peindre*

*to paint

plaindre*

* to complain

rejoindre*

*to rejoin

http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/recevoirboire.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/craindreplaindre.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/recevoirboire.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/craindreplaindre.jsp


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Type II IrregularThese are just like regular-re ending verbs except that they undergo stem changes.

Verbs like prendre prendre

je prends

tu prends

il/elle prend

nous prenons

vous prenez

ils/elles prennent

Verbs of this type

apprendre**

to learn;

to teach

comprendre

*

*to understand

prendre*

*to take

reprendre*

*to take back

surprendre*

*to surprise


Verbs like battre and mettreMettre and battre derived verbs drop the second t in the singular form.

mettre

je mets

tu mets

il/elle met

nous mettons

vous mettez

ils/elles mettent

Verbs of this type

admettre*

*to admit

battre*

*to beat, to hit

combattre*

* to combat

mettre*

*to put, to place

permettre*

*to permit

soumettre*

*to overcome

transmettre

*

* to transmit
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/prendre.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/prendre.jsp


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Verbs like vaincre

vaincre

je vaincs

tu vaincs

il/elle vainc

nous vainquons

vous vainquez

ils/elles vainquent

Verbs of this type

convaincre*

*to convince

vaincre*

*to conquer


Type III Irregular

These are -ir ending verbs which are conjugated like regular-erverbs. Bizarre!

ouvrir

j' ouvre

tu ouvres

il/ elle ouvre

nous ouvrons

vous ouvrez

ils/elles ouvrent

cueillir

je cueille

tu cueilles

il/ elle cueille

nous cueillons

vous cueillez

ils/elles cueillent

Practice conjugating this type verb!

Verbs of this type

accueillir*

*to welcome

couvrir*

*to cover

cueillir*

*

to pick,

to gather

dcouvrir*

*to discover

offrir*

*to offer

ouvrir*

*to open

recouvrir* to recover
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/verbslikebattre.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/vaincre.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/irregularouvrir.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/verbslikebattre.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/vaincre.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/irregularouvrir.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/irregularouvrir.jsp


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*

recueillir*

*

to collect,

to gather

souffrir** to suffer

ImperfectTo form the imperfect (see thepast tense)

1. take the first person present tense plural (ie.parlons,buvons)

2. drop the -ons ending

3. add -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, and -aientendings.

parler

je parlais

tu parlais

il/elle parlait

nous parlions

vous parliez

ils/elles parlaient

finir

je finissais

tu finissais

il/elle finissait

nous finissions

vous finissiez

ils/elles finissaient

prendre

je prenais

tu prenais

il/elle prenait

nous prenions

vous preniez

ils/elles prenaient

One verb undergoes a stem change... tre

j'tais

tu tais

il/elle tait

nous tions

vous tiez
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/tense/past.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/tense/past.html


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ils/elles taient

Practice conjugating imperfect verbs!

Pass ComposThe pass compos (see thepast tense) is usually formed by following the presenttense ofavoirwith apast participle.

aimer

j'ai aim

tu as aim

il/elle a aim

nous avons aim

vous avez aim

ils/elles ont aim

vendre

j'ai vendu

tu as vendu

il/elle a vendu

nous avons vendu

vous avez vendu

ils/elles ont vendu

choisir

j' ai choisi

tu as choisi

il/elle a choisi

nous avons choisi

vous avez choisi

ils/elles ont choisi

Verbs Using tre When IntransitiveFor certain verbs, listed in the tables below,

the pass compos is not formed

with avoirbutwith tre.

This is the case only when these verbs are usedintransitively (that is to say when they don't take anobject) which for these verbs is the vast majority ofthe time. When they do take an object, thecustomary avoirform is used.

arriver

je suis arriv(e)

tu es arriv(e)

il/on est arriv

elleest arrive

nous sommes arriv(e)s

vous tes arriv(e)s

ils sont arrivs

elles sont arrives
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/imperfect.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/tense/past.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/participle/regular.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/imperfect.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/tense/past.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/participle/regular.html


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arriver arriv to arrive

aller all to go

descendre descendu to descend

entrer entr to enter

monter mont to climb

mourir mort to die

natre n to be born

Elle est retourne. She returned.

Elle a retourn le livre. She returned the book.

Verbs based on the above verbs such as devenir, revenir, and rentreralsouse tre when used intransitively.

Colette est devenue une crivain extraordinaire.Colette became a remarkable writer.

Apparent in the sentences above, when tre is used to form the pass compos, the

past participle always agrees with the subject. When avoiris used, the pastparticiple agrees only with preceding direct objects.

When the subject and object of a verb have a reflexive relationship - the subjectdoes something to itself (seepronomials (reflexives)), the auxiliary verb isalways tre.

Marie s'est rveille six heures. Marie a rveill les enfants six heures.Marie woke up at six o'clock. Marie woke up the children at six o'clock.

Pass SimpleThe pass simple (see thepast tense) did not get its name because it's simple tolearn! There are two regular forms and then irregularities. Most of the irregularpass simple are based on the past participle but some aren't based on anything atall.

Regular donner aller view other regular

-erpass simple verbconjugations

partir parti to leave

rester rest to remain

retourner retourn to return

sortir sorti to exit

tomber tomb to fall

venir venu to come
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/agreement/index.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/reflect/http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/tense/past.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/SimplePasse-ERExamples.htmhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/agreement/index.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/reflect/http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/tense/past.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/SimplePasse-ERExamples.htm


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je donnai

tu donnas

il/elle donna

nous donnmes

vous donntes

ils/elles donnrent

j'allai

tu allas

il/elle alla

nous allmes

vous alltes

ils/elles allrent

Practice conjugating regular -er pass simple verbs

finir

je finis

tu finis

il/elle finit

nous finmes

vous fintes

ils/elles finirent

vendre

je vendis

tu vendis

il/elle vendit

nous vendmes

vous vendtes

ils/elles vendirent

view other regular -irand

-re

pass simple verb

conjugations

Practice conjugating regular -ir and -re pass simple verbs!

IrregularAll the irregulars use the same endings as the regular -ir, -re pass simple verbs butthey undergo stem changes. The following pass simple irregulars derive theirstem from their past participle.

verb participle je/tu il/elle nous vous ils/elles

pouvoir pu pus put pmes ptes purent

connatre connu connus connut connmes conntes connurent

avoir eu eus eut emes etes eurent

vivre vcu vcus vcut vcmes vctes vcurent

boire bu bus but bmes btes burent

croire cru crus crut crmes crtes crurent

savoir su sus sut smes stes surent

courir couru courus courut courmes courtes coururent
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/erverbspassesimple.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/SimplePasse-IRREExamples.htmhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/irreverbspassesimple.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/erverbspassesimple.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/SimplePasse-IRREExamples.htmhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/irreverbspassesimple.jsp


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devoir du dus dut dmes dtes durent

lire lu lus lut lmes ltes lurent

paratre paru parus parut parmes partes parurent

plaire plu plus plut plmes pltes plurent

recevoir reu reus reut remes retes reurent

vouloir voulu voulus voulut voulmes voultes voulurent

Practice pass simple verbs based on the past participle!

These pass simple irregulars do not base their stem change on

their past participle.

verb participle

je/tu il/elle nous vous ils/elles

natre n naquis naquit naqumes naqutes naquirent

vaincre vaincu vainquis vainquit vainqumes vainqutes vainquirent

rompre rompu rompis rompit rompmes romptes rompirent

voir vu vis vit vmes vtes virent

craindre craint craignis craignit craignmes craigntes craignirent

joindre joint joignis joignit joignmes joigntes joignirent

peindre peint peignis peignit peignmes peigntes peignirent

conduire conduit conduisis conduisit conduismes conduistes conduisirent

traduire traduit traduisis traduisit traduismes traduistes traduisirent

faire fait fis fit fmes ftes firent

mourir mort mourus mourut mourmes mourtes moururent

tre t fus fut fmes ftes furent

tenir tenu tins tint tnmes tntes tinrent

venir venu vins vint vnmes vntes vinrent

crire crit crivis crivit crivmes crivtes crivirent

Practice conjugating highly irregular pass simple verbs
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/irregularpouvoirpassesimple.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/veryirregularpassesimple.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/irregularpouvoirpassesimple.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/veryirregularpassesimple.jsp


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Practice and test yourself comprehensively-pass simple

test,pass simple test 2.

Future & ConditionalThe future and conditional (See the future and conditional tenses) are conjugatedso similarly that it is easy to mix them up. Both share the same stem, but they havedifferent endings.

Future: -ai -as -a -ons -ez -ont

Conditional: -ais -ais -ait -ions -iez-

aient

Regular Future Conditional

parler

je

tu

il/ elle

nousvous

ils/elles

parlerai

parleras

parlera

parleronsparlerez

parleront

parlerais

parlerais

parlerait

parlerionsparleriez

parleraient

finir

je

tu

il/ elle

nous

vousils/elles

finirai

finiras

finira

finirons

finirezfiniront

finirais

finirais

finirait

finirions

finiriezfiniraient

rendre

je

tu

il/ elle

nous

vous

ils/elles

rendrai

rendras

rendra

rendrons

rendrez

rendront

rendrais

rendrais

rendrait

rendrions

rendriez

rendrions
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/mixed1SimplePasse.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/mixed1SimplePasse.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/mixed2SimplePasse.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/tense/fc.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/mixed1SimplePasse.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/mixed1SimplePasse.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/mixed2SimplePasse.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/tense/fc.html


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Practice conjugating regular future & conditional verbs

IrregularThese verbs do not base their stem on the infinitive.

stem je il/elle nous ils/elles

aller ir

future irai ira irons iront

condition

alirais irait irions iraient

avoir aur

future aurai aura aurons auront

condition

alaurais aurait aurions auraient

tre ser

future serai sera serons seront

condition

alserais serait serions seraient

faire fer

future ferai fera ferons feront

condition

alferais ferait ferions feraient

savoir saur

future saurai saura saurons sauront

condition

alsaurais saurait saurions sauraient

falloir faudr

future f faudra f f

condition

alf faudrait f f

valoir vaudr

future vaudrai vaudra vaudrons vaudront

condition

alvaudrais vaudrait vaudrions vaudraient

vouloir voudr future voudrai voudra voudrons voudront

condition voudrais voudrait voudrions voudraient
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/future.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/future.jsp


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al

apercevo

ir

aperce

vr

futureapercevra

iapercevra

apercevron

sapercevront

condition

al

apercevra

is

apercevra

it

apercevrio

ns

apercevraie

nt

dcevoir dcevr

future dcevrai dcevra dcevrons dcevront

condition

aldcevrais dcevrait dcevrions dcevraient

pleuvoir pleuvr

future f pleuvra f f

conditional

f pleuvrait f f

recevoir recevr

future recevrai recevra recevrons recevront

condition

alrecevrais recevrait recevrions recevraient

courir courr

future courrai courra courrons courront

conditional

courrais courrait courrions courraient

secourir secourr

future secourrai secourra secourrons secourront

condition

alsecourrais secourrait secourrions

secourraien

t

mourir mourr

future mourrai mourra mourrons mourront

condition

al mourrais mourrait mourrions mourraient

voir verr

future verrai verra verrons verront

condition

alverrais verrait verrions verraient

envoyer enverr

future enverrai enverra enverrons enverront

condition

al enverrais enverrait enverrions enverraient


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tenir tiendr

future tiendrai tiendra tiendrons tiendront

condition

altiendrais tiendrait tiendrions tiendraient

venir viendr future viendrai viendra viendrons viendront

condition

alviendrais viendrait viendrions viendraient

Practice conjugating irregular future & conditional verbs

SubjunctiveRegularTake the third person plural of thepresent indicative, take off the -entending, andadd the endings -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, and -entand voil - subjunctive verbs(See using the subjunctive).

parler

je parle

tu parles

il/elle parle

nous parlions

vous parliez

ils/elles parlent

finir

je finisse

tu finisses

il/elle finisse

nous finissions

vous finissiez

ils/elles finissent

rendre

je rende

tu rendes

il/elle rende

nous rendions

vous rendiez

ils/elles rendent

It might look a bit strange but verbs

like oublier,rire, and tudierhave a

double i in the nous andvous forms.

nous oubliion

s

vous oubliiez

nous r

iions

vous ri

iez

nous tudiions

vous tudiiez
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/futureirregular.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/subj/http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/futureirregular.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/subj/


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Irregular avoir

j' aie

tu aies

il/elle ait

nous ayons

vous ayez

ils/elles aient

tre

je sois

tu sois

il/elle soit

nous soyons

vous soyez

ils/elles soient

pouvoir

je puisse

tu puisses

il/elle puisse

nous puissions

vous puissiez

ils/elles puissent

faire

je fasse

tu fasses

il/elle fasse

nous fassions

vous fassiez

ils/elles fassent

savoir

je sache

tu saches

il/elle sache

nous sachions

vous sachiez

ils/elles sachent

vouloir

je veuille

tu veuilles

il/elle veuille

nous voulions

vous vouliez

ils/elles veuillent

aller

j' aille

tu ailles

il/elle aille

nous allions

vous alliez

ils/elles aillent

valoir

je vaille

tu vailles

il/elle vaille

nous valions

vous valiez

ils/elles vaillent

falloir

il faille

pleuvoir

il pleuve

Practice

Practice and test yourself comprehensively with the subjunctive

test
http://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/subjunctiveirregular.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/subjunctivetest.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/subjunctivetest.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/subjunctiveirregular.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/subjunctivetest.jsphttp://www.languageguide.org/french/grammar/conjugations/exercises/subjunctivetest.jsp


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