Grammar

The Attributive Clause ( 如果上课前解决了前三张幻灯才能用一个课时上到第 16 张幻灯，剩下的两张可以留在定语从句 2 前 )

The Attributive Clause 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用

相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句。

在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。

引导定语从句的关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

引导定语从句的关系副词有 when, where 或 why 等。when, where, why 分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词 +which 结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。

引导定语从句的关系代词 that which who whom whose

which 指物 , 作主语或宾语。who 指人，作主语或宾语。whom 指人，作宾语。that 既指人又指物 , 作主语或宾语。whose 既指人又指物，作定语。(that, which, whom 在定语从句中作宾语时 , 可省去。 )

The foreigner visited our class yesterday is from Canada. ( 人，主语 )

The girl we saw yesterday is Li Ping ’s sister . ( 人，宾语 )

A plane is a machine can fly. ( 物，主语 )

The noodles I cooked were delicious . ( 物，宾语 )

He is a popular singer song is popular among young people. （人，定语）

The house windows face south is mine . ( 物，定语 )

=The house , the windows of face south , is mine . ( 物，宾语 )

who / that

( whom/that ）

which /that（ which /that ）

whose

whose

which

This is the factory. I worked in the factory

ten years ago.

This is the factory where I worked ten

years ago.

=This is the factory in which I worked ten

years ago

关系副词 where, when ,why

This is the factory I visited last summer .

(which/ that )

They’ll never forget July 1.

Hong Kong returned to its motherland

on July 1.

They’ll never forget July 1 when Hong

Kong returned to its motherland.

=They’ll never forget July 1 on which

Hong Kong returned to its motherland.

I will never forget the night _________ we spent together .

(which/that ）

总结关系副词 : where, when, why

在定语从句中作状语时，时间 when = in / at / on / during which地点 where = at/in/on which原因 why = for which

“when” means “at that time”, “where” means “at that place”, “why” is used after the word “reason”.

I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her .

I don’t know the reason ____________________ he was absent yesterday

Is this the reason ________ you gave for your being absent .

(in which/that)

(why/for which /that)

(which/that)

that 和 which 在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 , 但在下列情况下 , 一般用 that 而不 whic

h 。

There was little (that) we could do to help her.

Everything (that) they said was true.

(1)先行词为 all, everything, nothing, anything,

none( 指物时 ), few, little, much 等不定代词时。

Note Ⅰ

提示： something 后面可用 which 引导定语从句。 There is something (which/that) I'd like to tell you.

This is the first book (that) he has read.

This is the very book (that) I am looking for .

(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

(4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the right, the last 修饰时。

I’ve read all the books (that) Mark Twain writes .

(2) 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little,

much 等修饰时。

（ 5 ）先行词既有人又有物We talked about the people and things (that) we are interested in .

1. 主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句，只用 that ，

不用 who 或 which, 以避免重复。

Note Ⅱ

Who is the man that is shouting there?

2. 关系代词在定语从句中作 to be 的表语 , 只用 that 不用 who 或 which.

She is not the girl that she used to be.

Note III

一 . 只用 who 不用 that 的情况：（ 1 ）当先行词是 one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等 , 指人时一般用 who, 不用 that. Those who … Anyone who … He who laughs last laughs best.（ 2 ）非限制性定语从句中 I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.

二 . 用 which 不用 that 的情况：（ 1 ）先行词为 that , those 时 ， those which…, that which…. (2) 作介词的宾语，且介词前置时 The school in which he once worked is a key school. （ 3 ）非限制性定语从句中Mr. Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here. (4) 当关系代词后有插入成分时I have received your letter which , as I have told you , is badly needed by the press .

三 . 用 whom 不用 that 的情况 （ 1 ）作介词的宾语，且介词前置时 This is the famous singer about whom we ha

ve often talked. （ 2 ）非限制性定语从句中 He is a man of rich experience, from whom

much can be learned.

3. The house __________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.

Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.

1. The earthquake ___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.

2. We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.

that / which

that / who

(which /that)

4. Look at that lady ______ name is Rose.

5. He is a teacher ______________

I like very much.

6. Those _____will go to the park stay here.

7. That was all the money ______I had.

8. In the darkness , there is no one _____

( 介词 )whom he could turn for help.

whose

(whom/that)

who

that

to

8. They talked for about an hour of things and

persons _____ they remembered in the school.

9. Who ______ has common sense will do such

a thing ?

10. The person to______ you just talked is Mr. Li.

that

that

whom注意

短语动词不能拆开，即介词必须紧跟着动词。This is the book (that/which) I am looking for .此外，还有 look after , take care of , 等等

1. Is this the factory ____ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one

2. Is this factory ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one

Exercise

B

D

There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more.

我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点的东西的。（ but = who not ）

There are very few but are against war

很少人不反对战争。（ but = who not ）

特殊的关系代词 but = that not / who not / which not , 只能引到限制性定语从句。