Grammar Revision For Grammar Revision For Senior ThreeSenior Three

Tense & voice

No.2 middle school of Tongcheng Tu Dehui

Grammar Revision For Senior Three

Tense

魏丽雪

现在

一般现在 时

现在 进行时

现在 完成时

plants/plant

am/is/are planting

has/have planted

一般现在 时

If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点一：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： 时间： when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, unless; 　

Eg: When Bill comes ( 不是 will come), ask him to wait for me.

If you will accept my invitation, my family will be pleased.

注意：由 if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用 shall 或 will 表“意愿”，但不表示时态。

1 ） The train ______at six tomorrow morning.　 When does the bus start? It ______in ten minutes. (leave, start)考点二：下列动词： come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return ， open , close 的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

leaves

starts

2 ）倒装句（由 here ， there 开头的句子，动词用一般　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　现在时表示现在正在发生的动作）　 Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.　 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing

现在 进行时The house is _____________these days.

The little boy is always making trouble.

考点一：与频率副词，如 always ， constantly ， continually 等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。

He is always thinking of his work ( 赞许 )

他老是把东西乱扔。

He is constantly leaving his things about. （不满）

他老爱说大话。

He is always boasting ( 厌烦 )

being built

考点二：　表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作 , 仅限于少量动词： go, come ,leave , start , arrive , return , stay , do, have, see sb off …

Are you staying here till next week?工作进行的怎么样？

工作进行的相当顺利。

你进步很快。

我们想在这里建一座水坝。

风挺大

有人找你接电话。

How are you getting on with your work?

The work is going fairly smoothly.

You’re making rapid progress.

We’re thinking of building a dam here.

It’s blowing hard.

Someone is asking for you on the phone.

注意：下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。

（ A ）表示心理状态、情感的动作： like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need 。（ B ）表存在的状态的动词： appear, exist, lie, remain, seem ， belong to ， depend on 。

（ C ）表示一时性动作的动词： allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete 。

（ D ）表示感官的动词： see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look 。

现在 完成时 表示动作已经完成，强调过去发生某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，一般过去时仅仅表示动作在过去，不强调对现在的影响。常与一些时间状语连用，如： already, yet, by this time, just, ever, never, before, lately 等。 例一： ---Where __you__ the key? I ___ it yet.A. did, put; didn’t findB. did, put; haven’t foundC. have, put; haven’t foundD. have, put; didn’t find

B

典型例题1. You don ’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times. 　A. had met 　 B. have met 　 C. met 　 D. meet　

答案 B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次， several times 告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。

2.---I’m sorry to keep you waiting.　 ---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have been 　 B. had been 　 C. was 　 D. will be　

答案 A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。

考点：用于现在完成时的句型

　 It is the first time that I have visited the city.　 It was the third time that the boy had been late.

1 ） This/That / It is the first / second time…. that… 结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。　

这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 　　　 　 　 2 ） This/That / It is the best (worst, most interesting, only ) + 名词 ＋ that” 后面跟现在完成时。

since 的四种用法1)since + 过去一个时间点　 ( 如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、 1980, last month, half past six) 。　 I have been here since 1989.　

2) since + 一段时间 + ago

　 I have been here since five months ago.

3) since + 从句　　 Great changes have taken place since you left.

　 4) It is + 一段时间 + since 从句

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

另一考点：有些瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。要用时须用状态动词。成对的词有：Become/be; die/ be dead; leave/ be away; join the army/ serve the army

Eg: She ___ Robert for a year. A. has married B. married with C. has been marrying D. has been married to

Marry 是瞬间性动作，不能和 for + 时间段的状语连用。要表示状态的用　 has been married to sb.“ 和某人结婚”是 marry to sb.

D

一般过去时

过去进行时

过去完成时

过去

planted

was/were planting

had planted

一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。①表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事

I met her in the street yesterday. He used to smoke a lot. 　　　　　I the film would be interesting, but it________. (think, be )

thoughtisn’t

②表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，如 but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment… The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.

He a watch but it.(buy,lose)bought lost

1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如： at that time; at 8 o’clock; when…

也可用上下暗示。

eg:1.I first met Lisa three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.

2. Shirley was writing a book about China last year, but I don’t know whether she has finished it.

3. ---- Hey, look where you are going!---- Oh, I’m terribly sorry,______.A.I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing

C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice

B

2. 过去进行时常用于由 when 、 while 、 as 引导的时间状语从句中，表示背景，引出由一般过去时表示的新动作。或：

过去进行时（表示背景） +when+ 一般过去时（新发生的动作）。此时 when 相当于 at that time; just then.

例： NMET 2000 第 25 题

The reporter said that the UFO ___

east to west when he saw it.

A.was travelling B. travelled

C.had been travelling D. was to travel

A

过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 (by 、 by the end 、 by the time 、 until 、 before 、since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。例 :1. By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. 2.The train had left before I reached the station. 考点一：表示“一……就”的几个句型： Hardly / Scarcely /…when; No sooner…than 例：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.（注意主谓倒装）

考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。及含 since 的句型 .

1.That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 2.It was 3 years since we had parted.

考点三：表示未曾实现的 希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用 had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ thought / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即： hoped / planned … + to have done 。

I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy.

典型例题：　The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. 　A. had written, left 　 B. were writing, has left 　

C. had written, had left D.were writing, had left 　D

一般将来时

将来进行时

将来完成时

将来

will plant

will be planting

will have planted

一般将来时考点分析① 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。 We’ll die without air or water.② be going to 与 will / shall, be to do, be about to do 用法及区别： be going to 表示现在 打算在最近或将来要 做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备； shall / will do 表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。

( 正确 )(错误 )

If it is fine, we’ll go fishing. 　　　　If it is fine, we are going to go fishing. 　

注意： be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能

：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中 and 后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。

　 Use your head and you will find a way. 　　

be to do sth. 表按计划、安排即将发生的动作 / 不可避免地将要发生的事，命中注定的事。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock tomorrow.

be about to do sth. 表示“正打算 ,就要” Autumn harvest is about to start.

将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定 会发生的事情。 明天这会我正在写作业。

I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 　

将来完成时

表在将来某时 刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。

考点一：常用的时间状语一般用 by+ 将来的时间。

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.

By the time you reach the station, the train＿＿＿＿＿＿ . will have left

考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时 则由现在完成时表示。

The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.

过去将来时1. 过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于 宾语从句。 They were sure that they would succeed.

2. “Was/were to do” 表示按计划、安排将要发生的过去将来的发生的动作。

As I ______________ the next day, I went to bed early. (leave)

Was to leave

现在完成进行时

would plant

Has/have been planted 1 现在完成进行时表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到 说话时还在进行或可能还要继续下去。句中常出现 for,since,how long 等引导的时间状语。

It has been raining since last Sunday.

How long _____ you _____________(wear) glasses? have been wearing

2. 现在完成进行时表示一个重复性的动作， 常用于表示“关切”、“惊异”、“愤怒”等感情色彩。

例： You have been saying that for five years. （惊异） You have been coughing a lot lately. （关切）难点：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的比较

﹛ I have been waiting for two hours.

I have waited for two hours.

（动作的持续，未完成）

（动作的已完成）

总结性练习1. When I was at college I ___three foreign

languages,but I———— all except a few words of each.

A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten

C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have

forgotten2. --- Has Tom finished his composition yet? --- I have no idea; he ___ it this morning. A. wrote B. had written C. has written D. was writing

3. --- I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time. --- What do you suppose ____ to him? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened

B

D

C

4. Jack ___ a postman for about six years. A. has become B. has turned

C. has changed D. has been

4. Jack ___ a postman for about six years. A. has become B. has turned

C. has changed D. has been

5. Would you please give him the massage the moment he___

A. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive.

5. Would you please give him the massage the moment he___

A. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive.

D

A

Homework 1 ）背诵《必修 1 》第 103 页的“不规则动词”，

明天考查。2 ）《英语语法实践指南》第 170-174 页。