Grzegorz Wiśniewski, Ewa Gańko

1

Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe

Renewable energy – development and share in energy balances of

Central-East Europe

Bioenergy perspectives

Grzegorz Wiśniewski, Ewa Gańko

EC Baltic Renewable Energy Centre – Centre of Excellence

2


General assumptions of the presentation

Focus on biomass and new Member States

Focus on biomass feedstock, not bioenergy technologies

Focus on enlargement processes - bioenergy challenges and opportunities

Strenth and weekness of bioenergy

3


Background – the role of bioenergy in the EU

Biogas

Residuals from

agriculture and forestry

Energy crops

Hydropower

Wind energy

Solar thermal collectors

Photovoltaics Geothermal

Most of the additional RES contribution (>107 Mtoe) will be supplied by biomass !

EU White Paper on RES – Additional contribution of RES, 1998 - 2010

4


Structure of primary energy consumption in 2002

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Poland

Cze ch Re pub

Slovakia

Slovenia

Ma lta

Cyprus

Es tonia

Hunga ry

La tvia

Lithuania

Coal

Oil and oil products

Natural gas

Nuclear energy

Hygro energy

Others

Source: Reiche D, 2003, Handbook of Renewable Energies in the European Union II

5


Renewable energy share in TPES, in 2001 [%]

COUNTRY RES (incl. LH) BIOMASS

Czech Rep. 2,4 2

Estonia 11 11

Hungary 2,1 2

Latvia 36 30

Lithuania 8,4 8

Poland 5,4 5

Slovak Rep. 4 2

Slovenia 12 7

REGION 7 5Source: IEA 2003

6


Structure of RES use in 2001 [PJ]

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Cypru

s

Czech

Repub

Estonia

Hunga ry

La tvia

Lithuania

Malta

Poland

Slova

kia

Slove

nia

PJ

Hydro

Sola r

Geothe rma l

Wind

Biomas s

Source: Reiche D, 2003, Handbook of Renewable Energies in the European Union II

7


Dynamic of bioenergy capacity in Poland

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1999 2000 2001 2002

Number

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Capacity

Number

Capcity

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1999 2000 2001 2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Liczba

MocStraw DH plants > 5MW

Wood DH plants > 5MW

8


Land use

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

CZ CY EE HU LV LT MT PL SK SLO NMS EU-15

% o

f lan

d ar

ea

agricultural land exploitable forests

Source: FAOSTAT, 2002 & TBFRA, 2000

0,0

0,5 0,50,4

0,5

0,2

0,40,5

1,0

0,6

1,0

0,30,3

0,6

0,0

0,3

1,4

1,2

0,6

0,2

0,5

0,20,4

0,00

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

CY CZ EE HU LV LT MT PL SK SLO NMS EU15

ha p

er c

apita

9


Residue biomass

10


Dedicated energy crops

11


Energy crops potential

10,1 3,630,1

65,5

0

223,7

3,2 3,70

50100150200250

Czech

Rep

.

Estonia

Hungar

y

Latvi

a

Lithu

ania

Poland

Slovakia

Slovenia

PJ/

year

Energy crops potential

Based on set-aside and fallow land and av. enery crops yield 7-8 t DM/ha*yr

Based on FAO 2002

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Opportunities for energy crops

Poland

Czech RepubEstonia

Slovenia

Slovakia

HungaryLithuania

Latvia

CyprusMalta

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20

agricultural land/capita

fuel

s im

po

rt d

epen

den

cy

Source: FAO 2002; D. Reiche 2003

13


RES-E targets for 2010 EU Directive 2001/77/EC

1999/2000 2010

Cyprus 0 3 0,05 0,26 4,27 6

Czech Republic

2,34 61,7 3,8 5,66 70,7 8

Estonia 0,01 6,75 0,2 0,37 7,3 5,1

Hungary 0,22 28,3 0,7 1,71 47,4 3,6

Latvia 2,76 6,5 42,4 4,09 8,3 49,3

Lithuania 0,33 9,95 3,3 0,8 11,4 7

Malta 0 1,8 0 0,1 2 5

Poland 2,35 140 1,6 10,5 140 7,5Slovak

Republic5,09 28,3 17,9 9,24 29,8 31

Slovenia 3,66 12,2 29,9 4,91 14,6 33,6

Total EU 10 16,8 298,5 5,6 37,62 335,77 11,21

Total EU 15 338,41 2435 13,9 646,6 3000,26 22

Total EU 25 355,2 2733,5 13 684,22 3336,03 21

Renewable Gross

Consumption (TWh)

Proportion renewable

electricity (%)

Total Gross Consumption

(TWh)

Renewable Gross

Consumption (TWh)

Total Gross Consumption

(TWh)

Proportion renewable

electricity (%)

20

14


Biofuels for transporttrends & targets

Biodisel in EU

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2010

Years

Pro

du

cti

on

vo

lum

e [

10

00

t/y

]

Ta

rge

ts &

pro

du

cti

on

es

tim

ate

s

[10

00

t/y

]

Europe West Europe East North America Asia World

Austrian Biofuel Institute, 2002 Eibensteiner & Riedler OEG, 2000

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District heating 2001 [PJ]

33

52

17

70 68

52

40 38

0

100

200

300

400

500

CZECH R

EP.

ESTONIA

HUNG

ARY

LATVIA

L ITHUAN

IA

POLAN

D

SLOVAK

IA

SLOVEN

IA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

PJ %District heat production [PJ]

Biomass potentials [PJ]

DH market share [%]

Source: Heat from Renewable Energy Sources; HKV B.V. / EC DG ENV; 09.2002

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Strength of bioenergy

Huge and unexploited bio-resources availability at lower than in EU-15 cost (land and labour)

Current surplus of agricultural production » opportunities for energy crops production

Attractive short term options for heat and CHP production: coal and biomass co-firing

Improvement of policy and legal framework driven by the EU regulations

Strong agriculture and agro-industry lobby

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Weakness for bioenergy

Infant bio-energy industry; little capacity and experiences with more advanced technologies (for bio-electricity and biofuels)

Fossil fuels still subsidised, overcapacity of the existing power systems;

Risk associated with land competition (food or energy) and uncertain pattern of agricultural production and future food demand (protein diet or vegetarian)

Limited own financial resources and weak technical infrastructure for large scale bio-energy production

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Bioenergy after EU enlargement

Cheaper implementation of EU directives on green electricity, biofuels and green heat (?) and Kioto targets

Development of European solid and liquid biofuels market and international trade in the region

Opportunities for bio-energy technologies transfer and innovation

Bio-resources + advanced bio-energy technology = lower energy import dependency, both in NMS and EU15

Sustainable approach to bio-resources production, both from forestry and agriculture is essential for ACC;

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Thank you

www.ecbrec.pl

Ewa Gańko: [email protected]

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Utilisation of RES in Poland ‘2002 (by EC BREC)

SourceCapacity

(MW)Electricity

Production (GWh)

Heat production

(TJ)

Total energy production

(TJ)

Contribution to total energy production

Biomass ~6500 310 102056 103173 92.0

Solar 17 - 37 37 0.0

Geothermal +

heat pumps89 - 526 526 0.5

Wind 29 60 - 216 0.2

Hydro

(small plants

<5 MW)

524 (185) 2276 (698) - 8192 (2511) 7.3 (2.2)

Total ~7100 2646 102619 112146 100.0*Biomass – 98% of total production of renewable energy (large hydro-electric power plants not included)

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Capacity increase of RES in Poland in 1999-2002

RES installation Capacity in MW in 1999

Capacity in MW in 2002

Capacity increase in

MW

Growth rate in %/year

Wood-fired heating plants 350 450 100 8.7

Straw-fired heating plants 13 92 79 92.0

Biomass-fired boilers 7 23 16 48.7

Town biogas plants 38.9 61.5 22.6 16.5

Landfill gas plants 9 15.4 6.4 19.6

Solar collectors 6.5 17 10.5 37.8

Geothermal energy 26.8 55.75 28.9 27.6

Wind energy 4 28.5 24.5 92.4

Small hydro-electric plants

156 184.9 28.9 5.8

Total 611.2 928.05 316.8 Average: 15Capacity increase in wood-fired installations at small consumers and in industry is unknown.

Documents

Grzegorz Wiśniewski, Ewa Gańko