ITAMMUN 2015

Emerging Crisis Committee

The EZLN Conflict (Mexico 1994)

Undersecretary: Sebastian GuevaraPresident (A): Rodrigo ZozayaVice President (A): Jos Javier VillicaaPresident (B): Alejandro TameVice President (B): Julene LandburuMilitary Intelligence Advisor: Ana Cecilia SamaniegoPolitical Intelligence Advisor: Paola AguirreEconomic Intelligence Advisor: Santiago de RegilAcademic Intelligence Advisor: Berenice RodrguezIntroduction

Welcome to the third edition of the Emerging Crises Committee of the 18th edition of ITAM Model United Nations. For this years edition you are invited to travel into the past of our country to 1994 and join the Cabinet of the 58th administration of the United Mexican States or incorporate to the Ejrcito Zapatista de Liberacin Nacional. During these three intensive days you will be immersed in a completely different country from the one we currently know as Mexico. From one side you will represent the Mexican government, one that just got involved in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and is already facing a legitimacy dilemma and the increasing critics against it. Under the lead of president Carlos Salinas de Gortari and a group of secretaries you will be able to take a part in the decisions of the cabinet while it tries to control a rebellion that just took place at Chiapas the very first day of the year, among other emerging situations. On the other committee you will come across with a constant situation of poverty that has not been solved for years and social and economic inequality lots of Mexicans are going through. With the guidance of the subcomandante Marcos, you will fight for the rights of Mexican natives and promote their involvement in the political matters of the country. You will also put pressure on Salinas administration in order to stop the NAFTA from tearing apart native communities. Both committees will have an important job ahead of them in order to guarantee their integrity and their spheres of influence; however, they must also take into account that any action they take will have serious repercussions on the national scenario creating unforeseen crisis that may determine their groups future and the history of Mexico. It is an honor for us to welcome you to this committee and do not hesitate to contact us if you have any doubts regarding the flow of the debate and how the crisis committee works.Comment by Charlie Galina: Muy informalComment by Charlie Galina: Muy confusoComment by Charlie Galina: Muy informalComment by Charlie Galina: Comment by Charlie Galina: Parrafo muy largo y confusoComment by Charlie Galina: Committee B Comment by Charlie Galina: Muy informal, lots of mexicans are going through Cuntos? En que fecha?Comment by Charlie Galina: Est diciendo mucho de lo que se va a tener que hacer para salvar el comit

Historical Overview (1910-1988)

The Mexican XX century starts with the beginning of the revolution in 1910 with the purpose to expel Porfirio Diaz from the power after more than 30 years of occupying the presidency. After achieving this, the conflict evolved and became a battle between several groups to establish a government for the whole country. In this context, Emiliano Zapata, a landowner in the region of Morelos who claimed for lands for the peasants, commanded one of the groups. Although other forces defeated the movement, it is remembered with the words the land belongs to the one who works it (La tierra es de quien la trabaja). Whats more important of this is that it gave a face to a vast series of social demands and ultimately inspired the EZLN formation.Comment by Charlie Galina: From power Comment by Charlie Galina: Expandir idea Comment by Charlie Galina: Lenguaje mas formaComment by Charlie Galina: Esta oracin no tiene sentido, est sola entre diferentes ideas Comment by Charlie Galina: Parrafo poco serio, no tiene narracin histrica From the revolution was born the Partido Nacional Revolucionario (PNR) in1929, which changed its name to Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) in 1946, and held power in Mexico for 71 years. Its legitimacy was foundational; challenging it was to dispute the principles of the revolution. Comment by Charlie Galina: Mala redaccinComment by Charlie Galina: En la fecha de ECC no son 71 aos Comment by Charlie Galina: Frase sin sentidoIn 1934, Lzaro Crdenas became president and he tried to recover the revolutionary demands, including some of the ones proposed by Emiliano Zapata. His period is remembered by the nationalization of the oil industry and an agricultural reform that aimed to create communal fields for peasants, though this last one wasnt successful. Comment by Charlie Galina: Parece que el prrafo esta solo, agregar narrativa In the 1940s a new economic model was adopted, it was called the Import Substitution Model and it was focused on developing the internal industry providing high barriers to the international trade. Roughly from 1950 to 1970 Mexico lived what is called its golden age or the Mexican miracle. During this time there was a sustainable economic growth and internal stability. Problems started to present in the decade of the 1960s with movements that demanded freedom of speech, political liberties and better work conditions in a hostile environment, where power was inaccessible in hands of the PRI.Comment by Charlie Galina: Mala redaccinComment by Charlie Galina: Revisar parrafoTheres a landmark for Mexicos history in 1968, when a social movement guided by college students claiming for their rights against the government was attacked by federal forces. This is labeled as one of the darkest days in our contemporary history.Comment by Charlie Galina: No existe guided Comment by Charlie Galina: RedaccinComment by Charlie Galina: Frase de opininIn the decade of the 1970s above all the political turbulence that was arising, economic problems started to build their own way. Inflation and devaluation started to appear in the middle of the decade when Jos Lpez Portillo won the presidency in 1976, being the only possible election on the ballot. During his time in office a vast number of oil fields (Cantarel in Campeche being the most important) where discovered, this was Mexicos time to shine. But, it didnt go so well, the profits from the oil industry where wasted instead of invested, and even relying on this industry a big debt was contracted with foreign banks. The problem arrived when the oil price started to lower and the interest rates of the debt started to rise in the beginning of the 1980s. This collapsed the Mexican economy. In 1988 Carlos Salinas was elected, once more with the PRI, although in this election there was, for the first time, a real opponent with Cuauhtmoc Crdenas, a former member of the PRI.Comment by Charlie Galina: RedaccinComment by Charlie Galina: Candidate Comment by Charlie Galina: informalComment by Charlie Galina: informalComment by Charlie Galina: mala redaccinComment by Charlie Galina: Aqu tiene que seguir lo de la eleccin

Current Situation

The government of Carlos Salinas began with accusations and criticisms of electoral fraud. Many Mexicans were sure that the fate of the country would change after the entry of a new political party, the National Democratic Front, which had as a candidate Cuauhtmoc Crdenas. However, the accounting of the votes was suddenly interrupted. Manuel Bartlett Diaz, who was in charge of the Secretary of Interior, and the Federal Electoral Commission informed that a problem had occurred in the computer system where the results were saved. They declared that they didnt know what the problem was but that Mexico needed a president. Comment by Charlie Galina: Checar Comment by Charlie Galina: Mas formalidad

Cuauhtmoc Crdenas, Manuel Clouthier, presidential candidate from the National Action Party, and Rosario Ibarra, presidential candidate from the Workers Revolutionary Party, protested and denounced the illegality of the electoral process. Mexican citizens also showed their dissatisfaction. Finally, the Interior Ministry announced the results obtained and named Carlos Salinas de Gortari, from the Institutional Revolutionary Party, president of Mexico. As a result, the new administration began its term in office as one of the most unpopular in recent Mexican history.

Salinas took office on December 1, 1988. To reaffirm his authority he fired the leader of the oil union, Joaquin Hernandez Galicia, also known as La Quina. The Mexican Army arrested him for being accused of murder and possession of firearms for the exclusive use of the armed forces. Along with Hernandez Galicia, 30 other oil leaders were detained and displaced from their positions. A group headed by a man named Carlos Romero Deschamps was now in charge of such union. Salinas also replaced the leader of the National Union of Education Workers, Carlos Jonguitud Barrios, and put in his place a woman named Elba Esther Gordillo. These two decisions reflect the presidents attempts to reaffirm his authority by purging his government from any kind of disloyalties. Comment by Charlie Galina: Expandir un poco la introduccin de por que necesitaba legitimidad Comment by Charlie Galina: Headed by a man named.. no es necesarioComment by Charlie Galina: Woman named igual.

In addition, Salinas took two other decisions to legitimize his regime: the creation of the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) and the creation of the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH). In order to have an impartial institution that gives certainty, transparency and legality to federal elections, the Congress issued, in 1990, the Federal Code of Institutions and Electoral Procedures (COFIPE) and ordered the creation of the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE). Through this, Salinas sought to legitimize democracy in Mexico after the failed 1988 election.[footnoteRef:1] On the other hand, on June 6, 1990 an institution called the National Commission on Human Rights, constituted as a decentralized agency of the Ministry of the Interior Agency, was born by presidential decree. The implementation of this institution was supposed to guarantee the human rights of all Mexican citizens.[footnoteRef:2] Comment by Charlie Galina: Checar redaccin de was born Comment by Charlie Galina: Implementation was supposed to mal redactado [1: http://www.ine.mx/archivos3/portal/historico/contenido/menuitem.cdd858023b32d5b7787e6910d08600a0/] [2: http://www.cndh.org.mx/Antecedentes ]

Other things also seemed to change, for the first time in Mexicos post revolutionary history, the government recognized the triumph of the opposition; the new governor of the state Baja California was a member of the National Action Party. Salinas also restored relations with the Church. The outcome of these decisions was that in the federal Congress, the neoliberal economic policies of the president were supported by the members of the National Action Party and by the catholic hierarchy.

Before taking office, Salinas promised the "political, economic, and cultural modernization" of Mexico and an improvement in Mexico's standing abroad. He continued with economic measures to combat foreign debt and dependence on oil exports; the basic assumption of all this measures was that public intervention in the private sphere had led to distortions and inefficiencies that hindered economic modernization. Mexico tried to give credibility to its policy of trade liberalization with the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Besides the reduction in trade barriers NAFTA partners demanded to reduce restrictions on foreign investment. NAFTA wasnt a typical commerce negotiation. It was the first time that industrialized countries were negotiating with a less developed country that had a much smaller economy.[footnoteRef:3] This led Salinas government to a very big problem, as we will explain soon. Comment by Charlie Galina: RedaccinComment by Charlie Galina: Frase muy informal [3: http://www.economiamexicana.cide.edu/num_anteriores/II-esp/15_PASTOR_245-278.pdf)]

Another reform that encouraged the neoliberal program was the privatization of public enterprises. Salinas got the Congress to approve again the privatization of the banks, delivering them to new owners with no experience but with similar interests with him. He also privatized a Mexican telecommunications company named Telmex, which was bought by Carlos Slim. The privatization policy provided the government with temporary economic resources to launch a major program of social spending called National Solidarity Program. Comment by Charlie Galina: RedaccinComment by Charlie Galina: Checar redaccin

The last year of the Salinas administration was a time of crisis. On January 1, 1994, the Mexican people received news of the existence of an indigenous uprising occurred in the state of Chiapas. It was a political-military organization conformed mostly by the Mayans from Chiapas who rise up in arms for democracy, liberty and justice for all the Mexicans who lived in poverty. They identified with the name of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejercito Zapatista de Liberacin Nacional). Two processes were present at the origins of the EZLN movement: the social movements that occurred in the sixties and the seventies of the twentieth century and the centuries of struggle of resistance of the Indian people of Chiapas against different types of subordination. Comment by Charlie Galina: That had occurred..Comment by Charlie Galina: Rose upComment by Charlie Galina: Explicar ms el objetivo del ezln etc

Public Opinion:The recent up rise of The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), has shaken Mexicos reality and presented a serious challenge to the federal government. Despite of the NAFTA and the modernizing vision that president Salinas is introducing into the country, his government has to rethink its internal policy.Comment by Charlie Galina: Uprising Comment by Charlie Galina: shookSince the beginning, civil society made it very clear that they are against any violent intervention from the federal government. Following this, Mexican authorities are starting to soothe this climate of violence and approach the problem with a different perspective. The former mayor of Mexico City, Manuel Camacho, has been sent as commissioner for the peace in Chiapas. Camacho and his team of mediators are meant to negotiate a peaceful solution to the conflict and in exchange, they are able to afford certain concessions for the Zapatistas. The Church in Chiapas has supported dialogue and held off the Indians and peasants defending their most basic rights. Different sectors of Mexican society and from other countries are mobilizing to prevent a military solution against the indigenous rebels. There are individuals, organizations and solidarity movements protesting, debating and acting in harmony with the EZLN.The Zapatista movement has obtained not only support in the national public opinion, but also of intellectuals and artists from other latitudes, such as Jose Saramago, Joaqun Sabina and Miguel Rios, to name a few.The movement has also found resonance beyond the country's borders and even a network of transnational solidarity for the Zapatistas has been established. The indigenous Zapatistas of Chiapas are working as symbolic references to a new generation of social movements, which are geographically dispersed, diffuse and most of the time against globalization and anything that could be related to it.Comment by Charlie Galina: medio informalGroups and committees, organized primarily in Europe and the United States, begin to promote travel to the scene. They are the first contacts with indigenous communities for many activists, reporters, known personalities or anonymous young people from all over the world that want to know more about their fight. The Zapatistas have opened their doors to welcome these international actors. Facing this situation, the Mexican government has been limiting the right to enter the territory requiring special visas for rebel municipalities. The Zapatistas, aware that their war is highly dependent on their visibility in Mexico and in the world, promote the presence of visitors from everywhere.Comment by Charlie Galina: mal redactadoComment by Charlie Galina: redaccinComment by Charlie Galina: are Comment by Charlie Galina: no tiene sentido The Subcomandante Marcos has been recognized as an equal among leftist intellectuals. Both in Mexico and abroad, Marcos as spokesman and media personality, has been rated as a translator of the indigenous world and representative for their cause. With him, the rebels of Chiapas have acquired an unprecedented scale taking advantage of what has been described as "guerrilla media". From the first day of the uprising, most of the national and foreign reporters in Chiapas have acted in favor of the indigenous people. Mexican society has discovered this hidden part of the new modernizing development of Mexico. From the first day of the uprising, most of the national and foreign reporters in Chiapas have acted in favor of the indigenous people. Mexican society has discovered this hidden part of the new modernizing development of Mexico. The EZLN has become a symbol against global exclusion, achieving a universalizing singular effect, showing that it can withstand an adverse international context and become a benchmark for many fights to defend left movements around the world. Comment by Charlie Galina: frase repetida con el prrafo anterior Comment by Charlie Galina: frase repetida

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Secretary of Government (Jorge Carpizo McGregor)He is in charge of the affairs within the country. He must overlook that what the constitution dictates is being followed, he also is in charge of regulating the relationships between the executive power and other branches of government and states. The Secretary of Government must also coordinate national security actions and civil protection. Comment by Charlie Galina: Usa mucho he

Secretary of Foreign Relations (Manuel Tello Macas)The Secretary of Foreign Relations manages the diplomatic relationships of Mexico. He must also issue statements, and must overlook how certain actions within the country, especially human rights violations, will affect the image of Mexico among their strategic partners. It is a delicate situation as the NAFTA agreement has just come into place and some of the conditionality attached to it where human rights and democracy improvements. Comment by Charlie Galina: Desde some of the conditionality esta mal escrito- traducido -redactado

Secretary of National Defense (Antonio Riviellio Bazn)The Secretary is in charge of the military education and defense of the country, it shares this charge with the Secretary of Marine. It organizes and administrates the army and the air force of the country. It is important to remember that one of the official objectives of the Secretary is to maintain national integrityComment by Charlie Galina: ES UN HE no un IT

Secretary of Marine (Luis Carlos Ruano Angulo)The marine works very closely with the National Defense, it must coordinate efforts with them in order to find the best solutions. It is important to remember that all eyes, national and international, will be on the military actions taken against what is being seen as a movement that is setting pace. Public opinion is in favor of the movement, and military actions will be highly disapproved, and could even lead to a human rights scandal on behalf of the civil Zapatism. On extreme measures the international community could even sanction the country if military action is taken wrongfully.Comment by Charlie Galina: Aqu ya esta dndole consejos al delegado sobre su puesto eso no se puede hacer solo tiene q hablar de ssu fnciones y mximo poner q va a jugar un papel clave en el debate

Secretary of Hacienda y Crdito Pblico (Pedro Aspe Armella)Comment by Charlie Galina: Buscar traduccionThe Secretary is in charge of taxes recollection, and more generally speaking about finances and public spending. Comment by Charlie Galina: Buscar que mas puede hacer en el comit

Secretary of Social Development (Carlos Rojas Gutirrez)The objective of this Secretary is to fight poverty and create social development programs that go along with a budget plan for its implementation. The recognition of social rights of certain marginalized communities has been left behind, and the Secretary carries the responsibility of including them in the federal planning, so the uprising is a response of this lack of inclusionComment by Charlie Galina: No se entiende si estn hablando del secretario como persona o de la secretara

Secretary of Energy, Mines and Parastatal Industry (Emilio Lozoya Thalmann)

Secretary of Agriculture and Hydraulic Resources (Carlos Hank Gonzlez)The State of Chiapas has important agriculture sectors. The production of coffee is one of its most important industries; it exports 80% of its production to the United States. Most of it is cultivated in communal lands, where indigenous people work in the production. It produces approximately 30% of the coffee in Mexico. The Secretary is in charge of distributing federal resources for development to the different agricultural producers in the country. Comment by Charlie Galina: El prrafo se tiene que redactar al revs, hablando de las facultades del puesto y dado que tiene estas facultades es importante por a b c d e etc

Secretary of Communication and Transportation (Emilio Gamboa Patrn)

Secretary of General Control of the Federation (Mara Elena Vzquez Nava)This Secretary is in charge of the Federal Public Administration; it must look over and evaluate public servers, through the creation of norms.

Secretary of Work and Social Prevision (Arsenio Farell Cubillas- Manuel Gmez Peralta)As social injustices are being exposed, and exploitation denounced, the Secretary must take positive actions to mitigate the effects of this uprising. It has the power to regulate patron-worker relations and state minimum requirements in contracts, so that fair work opportunities are provided and indigenous people are not exploited anymore. Comment by Charlie Galina: Mismo que el prrafo anterior

Secretary of Agrarian Reformation (Victor Cervera Pacheco)This Secretary is especially significant in the country as it is seen as the last standing opportunity for reforming the agrarian sector. It is in charge of protecting the rights of the land workers to own the land in which they work.Comment by Charlie Galina: Explicar mas

Secretary of Tourism (Jess Silva-Herzog Flores)This Secretary is in charge of promoting, coordinating and overlooking tourism in the country. The state of Chiapas has a large amount of tourists coming in each year. Since the uprising it has been receiving a lot of journalists, since both nationally and internationally there has emerged a huge interest in it. The movement is seen as a brother movement of other leftist in the world and it has gained popularity that has shaken up the federal government, because of the bad exposure to which it has been submitted. Comment by Charlie Galina: No usar this secretary, ni meter mucha informacion de Chiapas es describir mas las funciones del puesto y dos o tres lneas de por que es importante,

Procuradura General de la Repblica (Diego Valads Ros-Humberto Bentez Trevio)The Procurador has the responsibility of investigating and punishing all the crimes committed within the country. The Public Ministries, along with investigating police and experts are on his charge. Comment by Charlie Galina: Attorney General , y profundizar mas

President of the National Human Rights Commission (Jorge Madrazo Cuellar)The National Human Rights Commission is the governmental entity in charge of overviewing and promoting human rights; they also issue recommendations and brief about situations where these are being violated. It was created by constitutional reform on January 28, 1992, and it is a decentralized agency from the executive power. In this case the President of the Commission would need to issue a report about the situation in Chiapas, looking into possible violations. Comment by Charlie Galina: Esto no lo pueden hacer osea eso se tiene q sugerir en el gabinete no en la gua

Governor of Chiapas (Javier Lpez Moreno)The Governor of Chiapas is on the spotlight right now. Since the uprising many of the flaws and injustices that have been taking place under his command have been exposed. It is clear that people are not happy with the way he has done his job, and the federal government has been pressuring him for order. He is on a delicate position, as it is against the government in general, but in the territory that is on his charge. Comment by Charlie Galina: Frase muy informal Comment by Charlie Galina: Pura opininLV y LVI LegislaturasComment by Charlie Galina: ?

Ejrcito Zapatista de Liberacin Nacional (EZLN)

Subcomandante MarcosHis real name is Rafael Sebastin Guillen Vicente, and he is the main spokesperson of the movement. He has a great ability with communications, but he is also within the military fraction of the movement. Even though he is probably the best known face of the movement, it is important to remember that things within the EZLN are managed in a direct democratic manner. This means that his vote counts no more than any other vote, everyone has the same power, and decisions are taken as a group. When he appears on photographs he always wears a balaclava helmet, to remind us that democracies are not about a specific person, but about the community, and that the fight has no face, because it is for everyone. Comment by Charlie Galina: Esto no tiene que ir aqu, en la gua tienen que dedicar una hoja o dos a la estructura del EZLN y profundizar en la estructura Commander Ramona The Comandanta is one of the most prominent faces of the movement since the beginning. She is responsible of taking over the city of San Cristobal de las Casas on January 1st 1994. Before the uprising she and Mayor Mara made a survey among indigenous women about exploitation, and they wrote a Revolutionary Law of Women in 1993. Comment by Charlie Galina: Si van a empezar el 1 de enero esto no ha sucedidoComment by Charlie Galina: Esto si pero pnganlo en pasado y mejor radactado 1) Indigenous: Communities from Los Altos and Las Caadas, ChiapasTzeltales: They belong to the great Mayan family. They have been historically discriminated, like all of the indigenous communities by the inhabitants of San Cristobal de las Casas. They live of self-subsisting agriculture, and they sell in markets the extra production that they manage to produce. They also fabricate some jewelry, but in a very small scale, and they are not paid fair prices for their work.Comment by Charlie Galina: Pongan un lder tzeltal e igual hablen de ellos en las hojas dedicadas al EZLN Tzotziles: They also belong to the great Mayan family. They have always been discriminated, mainly because they live very close to San Cristobal. This happens to the point that their language has diminished in use, and Spanish has augmented. They conduct themselves according to tradition, and believe that everyones opinion counts, this is why they decide as a community. Everyone above the age of twelve has a say in the communitys affairs, this works as well when takins decisions about the movement. Comment by Charlie Galina: Igual que el pasado Choles: They have lived side by side with Tzetzales, Tzotziles and Tojolabales. They consider themselves men of corn, and it is sacred for them. They also abide by direct democracy. They represent 12% of the indigenous people in the state of Chiapas. They believe that sickness is the result of wrongdoing, it is divine punishment imposed on the sick person. The half-caste have always had the best lands within the Choles region, they have always controlled transportation, commerce and also have the political control of the region. Property has always been the main source of conflict between them. Comment by Charlie Galina: Igual que el pasado

Tojolabales Their lands are not very fertile, they have been stripped out of the possibility to expand them and are suffering because they do not have anywhere else to move. They have always been pretty isolated of trouble and have always sfound refuge in their lands. Trouble is real now that they are being left out of possibilities, and they cannot even cultivate their subsistence. They also abide by the direct democracy principle, and take all of the decisions as a whole. Comment by Charlie Galina: Igual ZoquesThey have been forced to change residence because of the earthquake in 1982, and the eruption of the volcano Chichonal. This means that they are new to the region and have also found trouble getting their land. The movement has come as a blessing for them, since they have been having trouble with the lack of available, safe land. They are the most vulnerable among the other members of the movement, but they also have the same weight in the decisions. Democracy is the first right for them, which will then lead to all the other rights, like land. Comment by Charlie Galina: Igual

2) Catholic Church:Missionaries from the Order of PreachersThey are also known as the Dominican Order, and have been present in Mexico since the conquest. Batolom de las Casas was from this order. They are very well respected among the community, and are known for fighting for indigenous rights, and human rights in general. In the conflict they have served as mediators between the indigenous and the government. Their word has a lot of weight among the community, and although they do not have a vote in the decisions, they do influence the minds of the rest of the people who actually vote on the movements that will come next for the uprising. Comment by Charlie Galina: Checar Comment by Charlie Galina: No se entiende si van a meter a la iglesia en el comit. Si no esto va en el background poniendo el papel de la iglesia Diocese of San Cristbal: Samuel Ruiz, Bishop of San Cristbal The indigenous have given him the name Jtotik, which means good father in Tzotzil. He is very beloved, and is also the mediator between the government and the indigenous, he has the most contact with them. He founded a human rights center in Chiapas, called Fray Bartolom de las Casas, in honor of the first human rights fighter in Chiapas. It is rumored that he could even win a Nobel Peace Prize for the work he has done defending their rights. Many people see his intentions as selfish, or as looking for attention towards him, but it is far from it, and this is shown in the respect and trust that the indigenous people have for him. Although he will still live a long time, when he does die 15 thousand people will attend his funeral, this gives us a general idea of just how much the love for him goes amongst the community. Comment by Charlie Galina: WHEN HE DOES DIE? No se puede poner esto y tampoco se puede hablar de si hay rumores o no eso lo tiene que investigar el delegado3) Autonomous agrarian and peasant productive organizationsUnion of UnionsMulti-ethnic association that groups indigenous people from all of the communities and also other owners of land in the Lacandon jungle area. It exists since the 80`s and deals with issues relating land, it has more than 150 ejidos involved. By the 90`s it had six thousand families involved. They control the region and do not allow strangers to walk into the area without permission. Most of its members, the non-indigenous ones, used to be pawns. Their ideology is that the people should decide for themselves, and this is why they got together and hold meetings to decide issues involving their land. Religion and morality are important factors, by which they guide their decisions. Comment by Charlie Galina: Parrafo confusoAlianza Nacional Campesina Independiente Emiliano ZapataThey have always said that the solution is in the people, they have the power to change circumstances. It used to be the Provisional Coordination of Chiapas. They have always fought for land rights, ever since Luis Echeverra redistributed land and left 17 thousand indigenous people without land. This alliance has always been involved in the multiple uprisings that have occurred in Chiapas since the 70s. Comment by Charlie Galina: Muy infomal

4) Left wing sectors:Union of PeopleIt is an insurgent group, founded by Jos Mara Ignacio Ortiz, an ex-insurgent who was actually trained in Vietnam. He has given military support to the group, many of the tactics used by the EZLN were his idea. His military knowledge and his expertise in guerrilla have given the Union a very important role. Popular Revolutionary FrontThey are a communist group, known for their radical ideas. They have joined forces with the movement, because they believe in the emancipation of the proletariat. There have been many different conflicts between them and the Subcomandante, because they have radical ideas and little tactic. They plan on impulse and do not take strategies, for them the only way to emancipation is by continued force, which does work with the rest of the movement, but they do not like taking everything by voting and want to decide by themselves quick movements. Directing Ideologic OrganizationTheir line of thought is maoistic. They have been present in the region since the 70s, where they have been teaching communal ideas, and helping workers organize. They are helping the movement with the political organizational structure, and have a tendency to clash with the already organized workers. It is important to remember that not all of the organizations within the movement survive, some will be kicked out at some point. But while they still have their place they should start securing it.

Conclusions

Since the responsibility of any government is to take care of their citizens, their security, their properties and their integrity, when an armed movement is originated against the governments interests that represent a national threat, this government should take actions in order to resolve the problem with this movement in a non-violent manner.Comment by Charlie Galina: Muy confusa

In this case the EZLN, a movement that is against the actions taken from president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, with United States of America and Canada in order to have a more globalized economy, along with the lack of interest on the rights of the ethnic groups and rural citizens of the southern part of the country, specifically the state of Chiapas.Comment by Charlie Galina: confuso

The objective of the movement is the creation of a new bilateral relationship between the government and the population in an anticapitalist democracy.

In the crisis room, the government of Mexico along with the members of the cabinet, should discuss a way to face this emerging crisis in such a way that it doesnt affect the actions already taken by the Salinas administration. This administration seeks many transformations, such as the privatization of government owned industry, specially the financial sector, along with other more. The ideological base of the governments actions will be lead by neoliberal capitalist policies. Some concern will also be to keep the presidents political party, PRI, in power.Comment by Charlie Galina: no se entiende Comment by Charlie Galina: ?Comment by Charlie Galina: No se entiende nada

On the other hand, the EZLN with the leadership of Rafael Sebastin Guilln, better known as subcomandante Marcos, supported by the agricultural community of Chiapas with an estimated number of 40,000 members, has taken partial control of territory in the state in order to express their concern with the situation to act by their demands.

Even though this is a armed group, the government should respect their human rights and only use military sources as a last option, to avoid an international tragedy. The government seeks to use the legislative power and economic capabilities in order to reach an agreement that both opposite sides can agree on, since the movement do not seeks to take power, as a revolutionary force, but only to restructure the economic and political ideals taken by the Salinas government.Comment by Charlie Galina: NO se puede sugerir esto eso es completamente del debate

As a final reminder we would like to remind delegates that as members of each cabinet you are entitled to the powers related to your position inside the government. It is very important for the delegate to always maintain its position in order to advice the President in the best manner possible. When debating whether to take an executive action or release a press statement take into account all the topics that need to be covered which include but arenot limited to foreign policy, economy, health and education. As amember of the cabinet the President is counting on your insight to take the best decision possible in order to advance your countries interests in the global scenario.Comment by Charlie Galina: Comentarios finales::: La gua esta redactada de una manera muy informal, si bien recibimos delegados y esto es un brief no puede ser tan informal sobre todo en la narracin. La gua hace un intento por hablar de la administracin de Salinas pero no logra abarcar cual es la situacin del lado del gobierno mexicano. Por otro lado NO hay informacin para los delegados del EZLN mas que la ultima parte que habla de los roles pero nada mas, considero es importante que los delegados tengan informacin sobre la historia del EZLN Etc. La historia del PRI es muy breve y deberan buscar los evenos claves y en esos si profundizar de la misma forma con el EZLN. En toda la gua se nota que no queda claro cuales eventos ya sucedieron y cuales no y es confuso para los delegados saber en que situacin temporal se encuentran. De la misma manera la gua cuenta con muchas opiniones personales o sugerencias para los delgados las cuales los presidentes deberan hacer en el debate y NO en la gua ya que eso promueve que los delegados ya lleguen sesgados sobre que hacer. Sugiero despus de correcciones releer la gua completa y ver si se entiende lo que se espera del delegado o lo que ha ocurrido.7/10

References:

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