H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나

히트파이프와 에너지 절감 방안

R & D CenterDAEHONG Enterprise Co., Ltd.

2007. 3. 29

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Basic Equation

Conduction

Convection

Design Method

k, A, t, h

Material PropertiesGeometry

Cooling ConditionsCooling Devices

BestSolution

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Various Heat Sink

k

A

h

5 ~ 7 25 ~ 35 5000 ~

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나

Aluminum Rod

Copper Rod

Heat Pipe

- Q = 20 W - L = 0.5 m - D = 1.28 cm

T = 460'C

T = 206'C

T = 6'C

100 200 300 400 ('C )

Heat Pipe Performance, k

1/ΔT K∝

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Tem

peatu

re R

ise A

bove

Heat Sin

k T

em

pera

ture

('C

)

0.0

4

0.16

Heat Pipe

C opper

Aluminum

3 W Uniform Heat Load

inch.

Heat Pipe Performance, k

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나

증 발 부 응 축 부

(Evaporator Sec tion) (C ondenser Sec tion)

단 열 부

r1

r2

Q in Q out

용 기(container)

(wick)윅

작 동 유 체(working fluid)

C

Evap

orat

or

Cond

ense

r

Operation of Heat Pipe

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나

Axial Groove Sintered Metal

No Wick Wrapped Screen

Homogeneous Wick StructuresHomogeneous Wick Structures

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Composite Wick StructuresComposite Wick Structures

Screen Covered Wick Composite Screen

Artery Groove Artery Slab

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나

Container

LiquidCondensate

Vapor

Q in

Q out

Liquid Pool

Condenser

Evaporator

AdiabaticSection

Thermosyphon

g

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나What is it good for ?

• Transfers heat loads at very small temperature drops

• Precise isothermal control

• Has no moving parts and sealed unit

• Operates at any temperature from -420 to 2000℃ ℃

• Can be constructed in almost any shape (tubes, flat plate, etc.)

• Can vary heat transfer (VCHP)

• Can only transfer heat in on direction (Diode)

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Working Fluid, Wick and Container CompatibilityWorking Fluid, Wick and Container Compatibility

Recommended Not RecommnededAluminumCarbon SteelNickelStainless StellCopperSilicaAluminumStainless SteelCopperStainless SteelSilicaCopper Stainless Steel Monel347 Stainless Steel Silica 

Inconel Nickel Carbon Steel 

CopperSilicaStainless Steel

Methanol Aluminum

Water

Thermex

Ammonia Copper

Acetone

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Operating RangeOperating Range

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Operating RangeOperating Range

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Figure of Merit ( )Figure of Merit ( )

lfgll hM /

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Temperature Distribution in Heat PipesTemperature Distribution in Heat Pipes

T X

S h e ll (C o n ta in er )

L iq u id (W ick )

V a p o r

E v a p o ra to r

T S

T L r O

C o n d en ser

T S

T L

r ir W

T O O

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Thermal CircuitThermal Circuit

T Xq 1

T s ,eq 2

T l ,eq 3

T i ,eq 4

q 5

q 9

T s ,c

q 8

T l ,c

q 7

T i ,c

q 6

T o ,c

T c f

q 1 0

R 1

R 2

R 3 R 7

R 8

R 9

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Operating LimitsOperating Limits

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Various Heat Pipes : Variable Conductance Heat Pipe (VCHP)Various Heat Pipes : Variable Conductance Heat Pipe (VCHP)

VCHP for Temperature Control of a Micro Wave Transmitter

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Various Heat Pipes : Miniature Heat PipesVarious Heat Pipes : Miniature Heat Pipes

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Various Heat Pipes : Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)Various Heat Pipes : Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Various Heat Pipes : Disk Shape Heat PipeVarious Heat Pipes : Disk Shape Heat Pipe

Working temperature 80-150oC

Size 8”, 12”

Working fluid FC

Container material aluminum

Range less than 0.20oC

Surface treatment anodizing

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나

Recovery Heat, T2

Hot Gas, T3

Splitter Plate

Cold Air, T1

Exhaust Gas, T4

Finned Heat Pipes

Various Heat Pipes : Cross Flow type Heat ExchangerVarious Heat Pipes : Cross Flow type Heat Exchanger

열교환시 움직이는 부분 및 보조

동력이 없어 신뢰도가 높음 .

고온유체와 저온유체간의

혼입 없이 분리 가능 .

HP 일부에서 문제가 발생해도

HPHE 는 계속 작동 .

증발부와 응축부의 상대적인 길이를

변화시켜 온도 조절 가능

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Various Heat Pipes : Liquid Metal Heat PipeVarious Heat Pipes : Liquid Metal Heat Pipe

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Heat Pipe Heat Sink for IGBT in a Inverter or C/I SystemHeat Pipe Heat Sink for IGBT in a Inverter or C/I System

For a High Speed Train For a Subway Train

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Thermal Design of HPHX (1)Thermal Design of HPHX (1)

A theater located in the University of Malaya Medical Center

The airflow changing rate in hospitals: 15 times/hr (ASHRAE)

27 times/hr (Malaysia)

40 times/hr (IRAN)

Volume : 200 ㎥ Volume flow rate : 1.53 ㎥ /s

Outdoor Air Temp. : 24 ~ 36℃

Outdoor RH : 30 ~ 660%

Room Air Temp. : 23 ~ 24℃

Room RH : 46 ~ 60%

• Design Specification (YH Yau, Building Serv. Eng. Res. Technol. 27,4 (2006))

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Thermal Design of HPHX (1)Thermal Design of HPHX (1)

• Plant A

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Thermal Design of HPHX (1)Thermal Design of HPHX (1)

• Plant B

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Thermal Design of HPHX (1)Thermal Design of HPHX (1)

• Plant C

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Thermal Design of HPHX (2)Thermal Design of HPHX (2)

　Temperature ( )℃ Relative Humidity (%)

A-L A-H B-L B-H C-L C-H A-L A-H B-L B-H C-L C-H

Outdoor Air 24 36 24 36 24 36 30 66 30 66 30 66

After Sensible HX 24 26 　 　 　 　 41 66

After PHHX1 Evp. 　 　 19 31 19 31 40 87 40 87

After PHHX2 Evp. 　 　 　 　 14 26 56 100

After CWC 11 15 9 15 9 15 95 99 93 100 98 100

After PHHX2 Con. 　 　 　 　 15 19 70 72

After HC 19 20 19 20 19 20 57 73 51 72 52 72

Room Air 23 24 23 24 23 24 47 60 42 60 43 60

After HPHX1 Con. 　 　 28 29 28 29 31 43 31 42

• Simulation Results

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Thermal Design of HPHX (1)Thermal Design of HPHX (1)

Plant Additional External Static Pressure (Pa)

Fan Power (kW)

A 170 37,000

B 320 40,000

C 640 48,000

PlantPre-heating Coil

(KWh)Chiller(KWh)

Heating Coil(KWh)

Total(KWh)

증감

A 22,000 216,000 94,000 369,000 0

B 0 190,000 98,000 328,00041,000(11%)

C 0 142,000 63,000 253,000116,000(31%)

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Thermal Design of HPHX (2)Thermal Design of HPHX (2)

15 'C300C M M

A IR85℃

95℃

115℃

125℃

S TE A M

현재 시스템

85℃

95℃

115℃

125℃

S TE A M15'C300C M M

A IR

160 'C500 C M M

G A S

H P H X

75'C

HPHX 적용 시스템

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Thermal Design of HPHX (2)Thermal Design of HPHX (2)

Tem

per

atur

e

Length

160℃

15℃

75℃300 C MM

500 C MM

Total Heat Transfer Rate : 332 kW

Exhaust Temperature of Hot Side : 117℃

Frontal Area : flow velocity 9.8 m/s

Heat Transfer Rate per HP :

2.11 kW

Heat Pipe Array : 18 X 10

Dimension of H/X :

0.9×1.6×1.0 m

Pressure Drop : 1700 Pa

= 12.8mmHg

• Design Specification (DAEHONG R & D Center)

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나Thermal Design of HPHX (2)Thermal Design of HPHX (2)

회수 열량 : 332 kW

히트파이프 열교환기 : 7,000 만원

덕트 및 배관 비용 : 2,000 만원

기타 비용 : 1,000 만원

사용 시간 : 8 시간 / 일 , 2920 시간 / 년

회수 비용 :

-. 1 steam ton / 1hr = 800kW = 40,000 원 / hr

-. 332 kW = 16,600 원 / hr → 132,800 원 /day = 48,472,000 원 /year

회수 기간 : 2.06 년 (1 일 8 시간 기준 )

0.69 년 (1 일 24 시간 작동 기준 )

H E A T P I P E S a n d T H E R M A L S O L U T IO N

2007. 3. 29ESP 금속조립분과 세미나