Hệ Thống Thu Phí Ấn Chỉ Mã Vạch Một Dừng

n Tt Nghip GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

SVTH: L c Tin Trang 1

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TRONG H THNG THU PH N CH M

VCH MT DNG.

1.1. t vn .

Hin nay trn h thng quc l nc ta c 59 trm thu ph cc loi (tnh

ti thi im thng 2/2011). Trong 42 trm do cc Khu Qun l ng B

trc thuc cc ng b Vit Nam qun l; 6 trm do Cc y quyn cho cc S

GTVT/GTCC qun l, 2 trm do UBND tnh qun l v 9 trm do cc doanh

nghip BOT qun l. Trong s c 14 trm t ng ha cc khu thu ph

v kim sot nh (3 trm trn QL5, 3 trm trn QL1, trm cu M Thun, trm

C May, trm trn QL13, 3 trm trn QL10, trm Xa L H Ni, trm cu Cn

Th).

Mt thc trng hin nay l thit b ti cc trm thu ph mi ni mt

kiu, khng c tiu chun chung v thit b v cng ngh dn n qui trnh thu

khc nhau gy phc tp cho cng tc qun l v khng thun tin cho phng

tin qua li, hn na mt s khng ph hp vi ch ti chnh ca Vit Nam

nn buc cc n v s dng phi vn dng nhng bin php vn hnh khc vi

thit k ban u dn n hu qu l hiu qu u t thp, kh kim sot c s

thu thc t, khng hn ch c s nhn cng v tim n nhiu pht sinh tiu

cc.

V vy vic xc nh, la chn cc thit b cng ngh ph hp vi iu

kin kinh t Vit Nam nhm lm c s cho vic xy dng qui trnh thu ph thun

tin, an ton v hiu qu cn phi c tin hnh ngay. Cn c vo trin khai

vic thng nht v ng b ha thit b cng ngh cng nh qui trnh thu trn

ton b mng li trm thu ph quc l, c bit l tuyn ng quan trng v

tuyn ng i ngoi, gip cho thu ph Vit Nam vn minh v hin i.

Ngoi ra cn to iu kin a cc ng dng cng ngh mi vo thc t hin i

ha cng tc thu ph, cho php p dng phng thc thu hin i, thun tin cho

ngi s dng, bo m an ton giao thng, h tr qun l tt tin thu ph,



chng tht thu v gim nhn lc.

1.2. Cc phng php gii quyt vn .

Trong thc t c nhiu phng php gii quyt vn thit k h thng

iu khin trm thu ph.

Phng php s dng PLC iu khin trm thu ph.

Phng php s dng vi x l.

Phng php dng vi iu khin.

1.3. La chn phng php gii quyt vn .

Trong phm vi Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti th thit k trm thu

ph cc kha trc rt t sinh vin cp ti.

1.3.1. Dng vi x l.

Phng php ny ngi ta t dng v c mt s nhc im sau: lm vic

mi trng cng nghip phi sch s v m bo nhit th cc linh kin, cc

phn t trn mch t h hng.

1.3.2. Dng vi iu khin.

Phng php ny cng t s dng v khng ph hp vi iu kin khc

nghit ca mi trng.

1.3.3. Dng PLC v my tnh.

y l mt phng php c ng dng trong thc t v phng php

ny c nhiu u im:

Lp trnh n gin, d thay i sa cha.

Gn nh.

Lm vic c trong mi trng cng nghip (phc tp nhit ,

bi bn, lm vic n nh nhng gi thnh ca PLC cn kh cao).

S dng cc phn mm hc nh Wincc, Visual Basic

Vi mc ch l tm hiu v m rng kin thc hc, nhm thc hin

ti Thit k trm thu ph n ch m vch mt dng thng qua phn mm

PLC gim st bng Visual Basic 6.0.



1.4. Tng quan h thng thu ph mt dng.

p ng nhu cu thc tin trn em xin gii thiu h thng thu ph giao

thng ng dng cng ngh m vch p ng c yu cu cc nghip v thu ph

hin nay cng nh tun th cc quy nh thu ph ng b ca B Ti Chnh.

* H thng thu ph ca nhm em bao gm:

- Qun l in, pht hnh v s dng v thu ph ng b hon ton

theo qui inh ca B Ti Chnh.

- Kim sot v cp nht s liu ph hp vi qui nh v thu ph giao

thng hin nay ca B Ti Chnh.

- Gim st din tin ln bng h thng camera quan st.

- Loi b trng hp tiu cc bng h thng hu kim.

- Phng pht s dng l dng PLC iu khin trm thu ph.

1.4.1. Qu trnh lun chuyn v.

S tng qut.

Ve t cuc thue

Kho ve

Ve lt ang ch banVe thang, quy ang

ch ban

Ve thang a ban

(kem thong tin khach

hang)

Ve a s dung (kem

anh chup khi qua tram)

Ve lt a ban (ang

ch qua tram)

Ket thuc

Nhap kho

Xuat kho

Ban ve Ban ve

Qua tram Het han s dung

Het han lu tr

S 1.1: Qu trnh lun chuyn v



1.4.2. In v.

- V c in t cc thu.

- Cc cng on in nh sau.

Giay

Ve cha co ma

vach

Ve hoan chnh

- In ve bang may

in Off-set

- ong so Seri

- In ve bang may in

Laser

- Cat va ong

cuon

1.4.3. Qun l v.

B phn k ton chuyn lm nhim v nhp v, bn v v qun l kho v,

bo co doanh thu.

Cng vic bn v gm 2 phn.

Bn v thng, qu do b phn k ton m nhn.

Bn v lt : do cc t bn v lt m nhn.

1.4.4. Sot v.

y l h thng kim tra v thng, v lt, v qu khi xe qua ln.

1.4.5. Gim st v hu kim.

B phn gim st, hu kim chuyn theo di v gim st qu trnh sot

v trong thc t v trong chng trnh, ng thi b phn ny cng chuyn ph

trch vn k thut ca trm.

1.4.6. iu hnh ca lnh o.

Cc lnh o trm cng tham gia theo di, qun l v x l cc cng vic

chung ca trm nh theo di s liu tn kho, bo co, sa thng tin trn bng k,

thay i m vch trn cc v ca khch hng.

1.5. nh ngha v phn loi trm thu ph.

S 1.2: Qu trnh in v



1.5.1. nh ngha trm thu ph.

Trm thu ph l mt thit b chuyn dng thu cc ph ng b

nhm phc v cho vic sa cha cu, ng b, chi ph tr tin cng cho nhn

vin, phc v cho xy dng v sa bo dng trm thu ph.

1.5.2. Phn loi trm thu ph.

Thu ph th cng.

Thu ph bn t ng.

Thu ph in t (t ng).

M hnh kt hp gia bn t ng v t ng.

1.5.3. Cu to trm thu ph.

Ca bin thu ph.

My tnh thu ph.

Mn hnh thu ph.

Loa my tnh.

Bn phm thu ph.

T iu khin ln.

Bn iu khin th cng.

u c m vch.

Barrier t ng.

Vng t.

Barrier th cng.

Camera ln xe.

Camera nhn dng.

Bng bo in t.

Ci bo ng.

n tn hiu giao thng.

n u o.

n trng thi ln.

B lu in (UPS).



CHNG 2: H THNG THIT B THU PH 1 DNG.

2.1. Tng quan h thng thit b thu ph.

S tng qut h thng thu ph.

S 2.1: Tng quan h thng thu ph.

H thng thit b

ln xe.

H thng thit b

gim st.

H thng thit b

phng iu hnh.

H thng thit b

Phng bn v, k

ton

H thng thit b

ph tr



2.2. H thng thit b ln xe.

S thit b ln xe.

S 2.2: H thng thit b ln xe.

2.2.1. Cabin thu ph.

Chc nng: Cabin thu ph l ni lm vic

ca nhn vin sot v ti ln. Ti c lp t

cc thit b quan trng ca ln xe bao gm: T

iu khin ln, my tnh ln, mn hnh sot v,

u c m vch, bn iu khin th cng, ci

bo ng

Cu to: Cabin thu ph c lm bng vt

liu composite, c kh nng chu tt mi trng

khc nghit v rt rt tin dng sa cha v v

sinh, pha trc lm bng knh 2 lp dy 10mm

m bo kh nng chng chu va p v khng

gy thng tch cho nhn vin thu ph nu c tai Hnh 2.1: Ca bin



nn xy ra.

Hai bn hng l 2 ca s la c b tr thun tin cho vic sot v ca nhn

vin, ca lm bng knh 2 lp m bo an ton cho nhn vin sot v.

Cabin c n, qut v my iu ha phc v tt trong nhiu iu kin

thi tit khc nhau.

Trong cabin c mt bn b tr my tnh v gh ngi cho nhn vin sot v.

2.2.2. My tnh thu ph.

Chc nng: My tnh sot v l thit b tip

nhn thng tin sot v, x l thng tin v, iu

khin cc thit b trong h thng nh n tn hiu

giao thng, barrier, bng quang bo. ng thi

thc hin nhim v nhn thng tin t my ch d

liu, x l thng tin v gi thng tin v cho my

ch d liu, my chp hnh v my chng tn

hiu.

Lp t: My tnh sot v c lp t bn

trong t iu khin.

V mi trng hot ng ti ln xe l cc k khc nghit v i hi phi

hot ng lin tc 24/24 nn cc my tnh s dng l loi my tnh cng nghip,

c kh nng hot ng tt trong nhng iu kin nng m cao v tnh n nh

lu di.

Quy trnh bo dng gm cc bc sau:

Cp nht phn mm virus mi nht.

Dn dp rc ca h iu hnh Windows XP: S dng chng trnh

Disk Cleaner ca Windows XP.

Ti u ha vic lu tr trn a cng: S dng chng trnh Disk

Defragmenter ca Windows XP.

V sinh bn trong my tnh: Tho v, ht bi v lau chi bn trong

my nhm ngn chn bi bm vo cc khe cm card, hoc cm RJ45, cng

Hnh 2.2: My tnh thu ph.



serial lm nh hng n cc kt ni (thit b giao dch thu ph m vch, PLC).

V sinh cc thit b: Bn phm iu khin c, mn hnh thu ph,

thit b giao dch thu ph.

Kim tra cu hnh, kh nng hot ng ca phn mm sot v v

m bo cu hnh ph hp.

Kim tra chng trnh sot v thng qua cc thng bo trng thi

ca chng trnh. iu khin (ng/m ln) m bo my tnh iu khin

c tt c cc thit b khc trn ln thu ph.

Chu k thc hin: 2 thng/ln.

Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st hoc ngi c am hiu v phn cng my

tnh.

2.2.3. Mn hnh thu ph.

Chc nng: Mn hnh thu ph l thit

b hin th thng tin sot v cho nhn vin

bn sot v ti ln quan st v x l. V iu

kin hot ng ti cc trm thu ph l rt

khc nghit v c nhiu nh sng nn i hi

mn hnh sot v phi c tng phn cao.

Lp t: Mn hnh thu ph c lp

t trn bn ca cabin thu ph. tn dng

tt khng gian lm vic ti cabin sot v th

mn hnh sot v thng s dng l loi mn

hnh LCD c kch thc nh gn tit kim khng gian lm vic.

Quy trnh bo dng bao gm cc bc nh sau:

V sinh, ht bi thit b.

Kim tra cc jack cm vn cn tip xc vi thit b tt.

Kim tra trn mn hnh quan st, tn hiu cc camera vn cn

y .

Kim tra v m bo cc thng s ca thit b cn ng.

Hnh 2.3 Mn hnh thu ph




Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st.

2.2.4. Loa my tnh.

Chc nng: Loa my tnh c dng

thng bo cho nhn vin sot v bit c

tnh trng qua ln cng nh cnh bo nhn

vin bit. Loa thng thng bo khi s

dng v 2 ln hoc nhng trng hp v ht

hn hoc cha n hn s dng v trng hp

vo ca ra ca khng hp l.

Lp t: Loa c lp t trn bn ca

cabin thu ph. Loa c kt ni vi my

tnh thng qua jack cm.

2.2.5. T iu khin ln.

Chc nng: T iu khin ln l

thit b trung tm ca h thng thit b ln

xe. T iu khin ln nhn lnh t my

tnh hoc t bn iu khin c ri thc

hin vic iu khin ng m barrier; n

tn hiu giao thng; n tnh trng ln xe.

ng thi t iu khin ln l ni

cha my tnh ln, UPS l ni cp ngun cho cc thit b ln xe. Tt c cc thit

b ln xe u c u ni vo t iu khin.

T iu khin c thit k rng thong v c 2 qut m bo

thng thong cng nh kh nng chng bi bn. T iu khin ln l ni lu tr

an ton cho my tnh thu ph v UPS chng li iu kin khc nghit ngoi

ln xe.

Lp t: T iu khin ln c lp t ngay pha di bn lm vic ca

cabin thu ph.

Hnh 2.4: Loa

Hnh 2.5: T iu khin

ln



Quy trnh bo dng bao gm cc bc sau:

ng barrier c ln thu ph, tm ngng hot ng bn v sot v.

M ca t bng cha kha bo v.

ng cu dao tng ca t in, m bo ton b thit b c tt

ngun.

Ht bi, v sinh bn trong t in.

Sp xp li ton b cc dy cp bn trong gn gang.

Kim tra v m bo ton b cc dy ngun c cm cht vo cc

cm.

Kim tra v m bo ton b cc dy tn hiu c y v cm

ng v tr ca n.

Kim tra v m bo cc cu dao cn hot ng tt v c c nh

cht vo panel ca t in.

Kim tra v m bo UPS trong t in khng cn hot

ng.

ng tt c cc cu dao trong t in, m bo cc thit b c

ngun in cung cp.

Kim tra hat ng ca tng thit b: Barrier, bng quang bo,

n tn hiu giao thng cc loi, camera quan st, my tnh thu ph v thit

b giao dch thu ph (thit b m vch).

Kim tra hoat ng ca ton b h thng.


Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st, hoc chuyn gia lp t h thng.

2.2.6. Bn iu khin th cng.

Chc nng: Bn iu khin th cng l thit b c thit k nhm mc

ch vn hnh ln khi h thng my tnh gp s c. Bn iu khin c thit k

n gin vi 2 nt m (1 nt m 1 xe v 1 nt m on xe) v 1 nt ng.



Trn mt trc ca bn iu

khin cn c b led hin th thng tin

s xe qua ln.

Vic s dng bn iu khin th cng

cc k n gin. Khi c 1 xe i qua ch

cn bm nt 1 xe sau khi xe i qua

barrier t ng ng li. cn khi ta

nhn nt on xe th khi on xe i qua

ta nhn nt ng th barrier ng li.

Ngoi ra bn iu khin cn c 1 kha v mt cng tc ln. Khi kha v

tr kha th ta khng thao tc c 3 nt ni trn. Cn cng tc ln dng xt

tnh trng ln xe.

Lp t: Bn iu khin c b tr trn bn lm vic ca cabin thu ph,

c kt ni vi t iu khin ln xe thng qua

cp chuyn dng.

2.2.7. u c m vch.

Chc nng: Thit b giao dch thu ph

chnh l thit b c m vch l thit b dng

gii m thng tin m vch trn v, th u tin.

Kt qu ca qu trnh gii m thng tin m

vch l mt dy s seri v c gi n my tnh ln xe thc hin cng vic

kim tra tnh hp l ca v.

Thit b giao dch thu ph c mt lp knh bo v thit b pht cc tia qut

m vch. trong sut ca lp knh ny c nh hng trc tip n hiu qu

gii m thng tin. Nu trong sut t yu cu (trong sut, khng b try

xc), thit b s hot ng tt, n nh. Nu ngc li, thit b c th s khng

c, c chm. Do , vic v sinh thng xuyn mt knh bo v l vic rt

quan trng v cn thit. Cn m bo mt knh khng b try xc, bi bn

thit b c th hot ng hiu qu. Khong cch u c m vch v v tt nht

Hnh 2.7: u c m

Hnh 2.6: Bn iu khin th cng



t 5 n 15 cm.

Lp t: u c m vch c b tr trn bn lm vic ca cabin thu ph,

v tr thun tin nht cho nhn vin sot v thao tc.

Quy trnh bo dng thit b bao gm cc bc nh sau:

Dng khn mm m (c thm nc) lau chi mt knh u c.

Kim tra jack cm ngun, m bo adaptor cn hot ng tt v

cc u ni vng chc.

Kim tra dy truyn tn hiu ca thit b c v.

Lm v sinh jack cm ngun, tn hiu (ht bi).

Chu k thc hin vic bo tr: 2 thng/ln.

Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin bn v thng, nhn vin k thut hoc nhn vin

gim st.

2.2.8. Barrier t ng.

Chc nng: Barrier t ng l thit b rt quan trng, vic i li xe qua

trm thu ph phi thng qua thit b ny. Barrier s t ng ng li khi xe qua

khi vng t barrier trong trng hp m mt xe. Cn trong trng hp m

nhiu xe barrier s ng xung khi ta ra lnh ng. Barrier c iu khin bng

my tnh thng qua bn phm hoc u c m vch v bng bn iu khin th

cng.

ng c ca Barrier l loi ng c servo c iu khin t t iu

khin ln thng qua b iu khin c tch hp sn.

Barrier t ng c thit k hot ng lin tc 24/24 bt k mi thi

tit. Thanh chn barrier c lm t hp kim nhm m bo c bn khi va

p ng thi khp ni ca thanh chn barrier vi thanh ca n c thit k c

kh nng t bung ra khi c va p mnh gim thiu ti a kh nng gy hi

cng nh gy barrier.



Lp t: Barrier c lp t pha cui ca o phn ln, sau n tn hiu

giao thng v camera quan st ln xe.


V sinh thng (housing) barrier t ng v thanh boom (thanh

chn) to thm m khu vc ln xe.

M np barrier, tin hnh ht bi bn trong housing.

Kim tra v m bo cc mi ni trn MLC vi ng c, cc mi

ni vi vng t pht hin xe l vng chc.

Tra du bi trn vo cc khp ni c ca barrier.

Kim tra v cn chnh cc l xo, m bo thanh boom ca barrier t

ng vung gc vi mt tiu o khi m v song song vi mt tiu o khi

ng.

Thc hin ng/m barrier t 5 10 ln m bo barrier hot

ng tt, ng np housing v kha cn thn.


Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st, nhn vin k thut in.

2.2.9. Barrier th cng.

Chc nng: Barrier th cng l thit b ng m bng tay. Thit b ny ch

s dng khi ng m cho ln hot ng hay khng. Barrier th cng c thit

Hinh 2.8: Barrier



k chc chn vi mng tr b tng. Trn mi barrier th cng u c bin bo

cm 102 c sn phn quang cnh bo. Vic ng m barier th cng cn

phi hp vi vic ng m ln v n cnh bo tnh trng ln cnh bo t xa

cho li xe c bit khng i vo ln ang ng.

Lp t: Barrier th cng c lp t pha trc cabin ngay pha vo ca

ln xe.

2.2.10. Cm bin vng t.

Chc nng: Cm bin vng vng t l

thit b d tm vng t cm ng t ng dng

pht hin xe c gii v cc vt th bng

kim loi hot ng theo nguyn l bin

thin t trng. Vng t c lm t dy in

qun nhiu vng (kch thc v s vng theo

tiu chun) vng t c kt ni vi b d

vng t xc nh xe vo vng t. Loi dy

dng lm vng t l loi dy n mm nhiu si tit din 1.5 mm2 .

Vng t c cu to nh hnh sau:

Hnh 2.9: Loop detector

Hnh 2.10: Vng t trn mt xe chy



Lp t: Vng t c lp t trn mt ng ln xe chy, vic b tr

vng t ph thuc vo chc nng ca vng t. Nu vng t dng phc v cho

vic nhn dng bin s xe c lp t ngay ti pha trc cabin, vng t cnh

bo lp t sau cabin, cn vng t cho barrier t ngay st v tr barrier.

2.2.11. Camera ln xe.

Chc nng: Camera ln xe l thit

b dng quan st nhng hot ng

din ra ti ln ng thi ghi nhn li

nhng ln sot v thng qua hnh nh

c chp li thng qua card chp hnh

c gn ti my tnh ln hoc my tnh

chp hnh.

Camera ln lun km theo ng

knh iu chnh tiu c v v che ngoi tri camera hot ng lin tc

trong nhng iu kin khc nghit ti ln.

Lp t: Camera c gn vo ct cao khong 2m thun tin cho vic

quan st.


V sinh housing camera, c bit l mt knh ca housing.

Tho housing camera, thc hin bo tr.

Ht bi bn trong housing, m bo khng cn bi m.

Kim tra, cn chnh ng knh camera.

Kim tra, cn chnh v tr camera.

Kim tra, cn chnh b si nhit bn trong housing, m bo b

si cn hot ng tt.

Kim tra cc u ni vi thit b chng st, m bo cc u ni

vn cn tip xc tt.

ng housing khi m bo camera hot ng tt, v tr v gc nhn

ca camera.

Hnh 2.11: Camera ln xe



Chu k thc hin: 1 nm/ln.

Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st, k thut.

2.2.12. Camera nhn dng.

Chc nng: Camera nhn dng l

thit b c dng vi mc ch lm tng

hiu qu ca vic nhn dng bin s.

Hnh nh camera nhn dng ghi li l

hnh nh trng en, tc ghi hnh l rt

cao nn hnh nh ghi li khng b nhe

vic ny nng cao tnh hiu qu trong

vic nhn dng bin s xe.

Lp t: Camera hng ngoi c thit k chc chn v gn ln mt tr

vi tm cao sao cho m bo cho vic ghi nhn hnh nh tt nht.

2.2.13. Bng bo in t.

Chc nng: Bng quang bo

hin th thng tin mnh gi v, ngy

ht hn v tr tin trc, cc thng

ip cho hi khch hng.

Bng quang bo c kt ni vi

my tnh ln xe thng qua cng serial RS 232 (ch truyn d liu 1 chiu t my

tnh ln xe n bng quang bo). H thng thit b ln xe vn hot ng bnh

thng ngay c khi bng khng cn hot ng. Tuy nhin, nu bng khng hot

ng s lm nh hng n hot ng gim st ti trm.

Lp t: bng bo in t c lp t chung ct vi camera ton cnh v

chiu cao b tr sao cho ph hp vi tm nhn ca nhiu li xe.

Quy trnh bo dng bng gm cc bc nh sau:

Ht bi, v sinh v bng (housing) v mt trc ca bng.

Tho ca sau ca housing tin hnh bo dng.

Ht bi, v sinh bn trong housing ca bng.

Hnh 2.12: Camera nhn dng

Hnh 2.13: Bng bo in t



Kim tra, m bo ngun cung cp ca bng cn hot ng tt.

Kim tra, m bo cc bo mch bn trong c c nh vo

housing.

Kim tra, m bo cc loi cp tn hiu cn tip xc tt vi cc bo

mch.

Bt ngun kim tra, m bo bng hot ng tt v my tnh ln

xe c th gi thng tin n bng tt.

ng ca mt sau housing.


Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st, k thut.

2.2.14. Ci bo ng.

Chc nng: Ci bo ng l thit b gip cnh

bo nhng trng hp xe c tnh vt trm m khng

mua v. Khi xe vo ti vng t cnh bo m vn cha

mua v th ci s h ln.

Ci bo ng c kt ni trc tip vi t iu khin

ln.

Lp t: Ci bo ng c lp t ti nc ca cabin thu ph.

2.2.15. n tn hiu giao thng.

Chc nng: n tn hiu giao thng l thit b cnh bo

cho li xe bit c trng thi hp l hay khng hp l qua ln.

Tn hiu n giao thng thng cng lc vi trng thi ca

barrier. Khi barrier m n tn hiu mu xanh. Khi barrier ng

n tn hiu mu .

Lp t: n c thit k lp t ngoi tri,

kh nng chng chu vi ma gi l rt cao.


Ht bi, v sinh v (housing) ca n tn hiu giao thng.

Hnh 2.14: Ci

Hnh 2.15: n tn

hiu giao thng



M np v n THGT (mt sau ca tr n) thc hin vic bo

tr.

Ht bi, v sinh bn trong housing.

Kim tra, m bo cc mi ni trn domino ca n THGT cn tip

xc tt.

Kim tra c d vt trong domino hay khng. Nu c phi

nhanh chng ly ra.

Kim tra cc mi ni c b chm nhau hay khng. Nu c phi tin

hnh tch ri cc mi ni b chm nhau v qun bng keo in m bo

khng xy ra s c chm in gy h hng thit b.

ng np tr n.


Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim & hu kim, k thut.

2.2.16. n u o.

Chc nng: n u o l thit b cnh bo t xa

cho ti x bit khng m vo u o phn ln xe.

n u o mu vng chp tt lin tc tng s ch

ca li xe. n c thit k cho vic lp t ngoi

tri kh nng chng chu vi ma gi l rt cao.

Lp t: n u o c lp t u o

phn ln.

2.2.17. n tn hiu trng thi ln.

Chc nng: n u o l thit

b cnh bo t xa cho ti x bit tnh

trng ln xe ang ng hay m .

Khi ln ang hot ng th n xanh s

sng, cn khi ln ng li th n

sng ln. n c thit k cho vic lp

t ngoi tri kh nng chng chu vi ma

Hnh 2.16: n u o

Hnh 2.17: n ln



gi l rt cao.

Lp t: n tnh trng ln c lp t ph trc ca mi cng trm.

2.2.18. B lu in UPS.

Chc nng: Thit b UPS ln xe c lp t bn trong t iu khin

ln xe l thit b cung cp ngun in cho h thng thit b ln xe trong thi

gian in li b mt. H thng thit b ln xe gm: My tnh thu ph, thit b

giao dch thu ph, plc n tn hiu giao thng, bng quang bo, barrier t ng

v camera quan st ln xe.

Lp t: UPS c lp t trong t iu khin ln xe.

Thit b UPS ln xe c lp t bn trong t iu khin ln xe l thit b cung

cp ngun in cho h thng thit b ln xe trong thi gian in li b mt. H

thng thit b ln xe gm: My tnh thu ph, thit b giao dch thu ph, PLC, n

tn hiu giao thng, bng quang bo, barrier t ng, camera quan st ln xe.

Vic bo dng thit b UPS c thc hin cng thi im bo dng t iu

khin ln xe.

2.3. H thng thit b gim st.

H thng thit b gim st bao gm:

Camera ton cnh.

Camera phng iu hnh v phng k ton.

My tnh chng d liu v nhn dng bin s xe.

My tnh gim st hu kim.

u ghi hnh k thut s.

Mn hnh gim st.

B ghp knh.

B chng tn hiu.

Bn iu khin camera ton cnh.

2.3.1. Camera ton cnh.

Chc nng: Camera ton cnh l thit b gip cho vic quan st ton b

hot ng ca trm c thun tin hn. N c kh nng iu chnh c gc



nhn v tm quan st nn ta c th xem hot ng ca tt c cc ln hoc ti mt

ln hay mt s c no xy ra trong phm vi cng trm m camera c th quan

st c. Camera ton cnh c thit k vi v che c kh nng chng chu

c nhng iu kin khc nghit ca thin nhin.

Camera ton cnh thng c s dng kt hp vi bn iu khin camera.

Hoc iu khin thng qua phn mm nu camera c kt ni vi u ghi hnh

k thut s.

Lp t: Camera ton cnh c lp v tr cao thch hp cho vic quan

st ton cnh cng trm v nht l v tr c th quan st c hng xe ra.

2.3.2. Camera phng iu hnh v k ton.

Chc nng: Camera phng iu hnh l

loi dome camera c bt st trn ca phng

iu hnh v k ton. N c lp t vi mc

ch theo di mi hot ng ca nhn vin trm

cng nh ghi li nhng s c bt thng xy ra

trong phm vi ca phng .

Lp t: Camera phng iu hnh thng

c lp ti mt v tr c nh c kch thc nh gn gim bt s ch ca mi

ngi.

2.3.3. My tnh chng d liu v nhn dng bin s xe.

Chc nng: My tnh chng d liu v nhn dng bin s nhm mc ch

xut d liu sot v chng ln trn

hnh nh video ca xe qua ln phc

v cng tc qun l gim st c tt

hn ng thi nhn dng bin s xe.

My tnh chng d liu v nhn dng

bin s thng s dng l loi my tnh

cng nghip m bo tnh n nh

ca h thng hot ng 24/24.

Hnh 2.18: Camera

Hnh 2.19: My tnh chng d

liu



Lp t: My tnh chng d liu v nhn dng bin s c lp t trong

t rack m bo hot ng n nh v trnh bi bn.

2.3.4. My tnh gim st hu kim.

Chc nng: My tnh gim st

hu kim dng gim st trc tip

nhng lt xe qua ti ln chm li

nhn vin cng nh theo di doanh s

trc tuyn ti ln, ng thi c th xem

nhng trng hp sot v ca cc lt

sot trc kim tra tnh hp l.

Thng qua chng trnh phnmm c

tch hp trong u ghi c th sao lu d

liu hnh nh t u ghi thng qua my tnh gim st hu kim.

Lp t: My tnh gim st hu kim c lp t ti phng iu hnh.

Quy trnh bo trnh gm cc bc sau:


Qut virus my tnh.







serial lm nh hng n cc kt ni.

V sinh cc thit b ngoi vi: Chut, bn phm, mn hnh my tnh,

u c m vch.

Chu k thc hin: 1 ln/thng.


tnh.

Hnh 2.20: My tnh gim st



2.3.5. u c k thut s.

Chc nng: u ghi hnh k thut

s l thit b lu tr d liu hnh nh

video ca cc camera ln xe v hnh nh

c chng tn hiu cng nh hnh

nh ca cc camera ton cnh v

camera phng iu hnh, k ton.

Thi gian lu tr hnh nh ty thuc vo nhiu yu t:

- Dung lng b nh.

- Cht lng hnh nh.

- S lng hnh nh trong 1 giy.

- Ty theo nhu cu m ta iu chnh cc thng s sao cho ph hp nht.

Vic xem li hnh nh lu tr trong u ghi c th xem thng qua mng my

tnh hoc trc tip t u ghi.

u ghi c th kt ni trc tip ti cc camera ton cnh thng qua

chun RS 485 hoc RS 422 iu khin cc camera ny thng qua

phn mm.

Lp t: u ghi hnh k thut s c lp t ti t RACK m bo

tnh bo mt ca thng tin cng nh kh nng hot ng n nh ca thit b.

2.3.6. Mn hnh gim st.

Chc nng: Mn hnh gim st l thit b

phc v cho cng tc gim st ca trm.

Mn hnh hin th hnh nh v thng tin xe

qua ln (mnh gi, s xe).

Mn hnh ly tn hiu trc tip t u ghi.

Lp t: Mn hnh quan st c th

lp t ti bn lm vic ca phng gim st hoc treo tng sao cho vic quan

st c d dng nht.

2.3.7. B ghp knh.

Hnh 2.21: u ghi hnh

Hnh 2.22: Mn hnh

gia



Chc nng: B ghp knh l thit b

chuyn dng dng ghp tn hiu ca 4, 8,

9 hoc 16 knh tn hiu xut ra 1 knh tn

hiu. Ta c th iu chnh c tn hiu xut

ra ca b ghp knh thng qua cc nt iu

khin tn hiu xut ra c th l 1 knh hoc

nhiu knh ty theo nhu cu ca mnh.Thit b c thit k vi kch thc ph

hp vi vic lp t vo trong t RACK chuyn dng.

Lp t: B ghp knh c lp t trong t RACK m bo an

ton cng nh tnh n nh ca thit b.

2.3.8. B chng tn hiu.

Chc nng: B chng tn hiu l thit b c chc nng chng d liu sot

v ln trn hnh nh video ca cc camera

ln ghi li. Tn hiu ca d liu sot v l tn

hiu VGA c xut ra t cng my tnh

cn tnhiu video l tn hiu c xut ra b

ghp knh.

Ty theo nhu cu m ta c th xut tn

hiu ra ca b chng tn hiu l tn hiu VGA,

Video hay tn hiu c chng (overlay).

Lp t: B chng tn hiu c lp t ti t RACK ca phng iu hnh

m bo tnh an ton v hot ng n nh ca thit b.

2.3.9. Bn iu khin camera ton cnh.

Chc nng: Bn iu khin camera

ton cnh l thit b dng iu khin

vic quay qut v vic nhn xa gn ca

camera ton cnh.

Bn iu khin c ni vi camera ton

Hnh 2.23: B ghp knh

Hnh 2.24: B chng tn hiu

Hnh:2.25:Bn k camera



cnh thng qua cp tn hiu RS 485 nn c th iu khin c cc camera

khong cch xa (ln ti 1 Km). Bn iu khin c b tr ti bn lm vic ca

nhn vin gim st tin theo di mi hot ng xy ra ti cng trm.

Lp t: bn iu khin camera ton cnh c b tr ti bn lm vic ca

nhn vin gim st thun tin cho cng vic gim st hnh nh trc tuyn.

2.4. Thit b phng iu hnh.

Thit b phng iu hnh bao gm:

My ch d liu.

B chuyn i mn hnh bn phm chut.

My in phc v cng tc bo co.

u c m vch.

UPS.

T RACK.

2.4.1. My ch d liu.

Chc nng: My ch d liu l

thit b quan trng nht ca mi h

thng, l con tim kt ni mi hot ng

ca c h thng. My ch d liu l ni

cha mi d liu, thng tin sot v hng

ngy v d liu hu kim. d liu cha bao gm c d liu hnh nh v thng tin

di dng c s d liu.

My ch d liu cung cp a ch IP cho tt c cc my con kt ni vo h

thng. Tt c cc chng trnh thu ph ti ln v nh iu hnh mun hot ng

c th phi kt ni vi my ch d liu.

My ch d liu c thit k cho vic hot ng lin tc 24/24.

Lp t: My ch d liu l mt thit b rt quan trng nn cn c bo

mt an ton nn c lp t ti t RACK c kha va m bo c iu kin

lm vic tt (tn nhit nhanh; t bi bn).

Quy trnh bo tr gm cc bc sau:

Hnh 2.26: My ch d liu




Qut virus my tnh.

Dn dp rc ca h iu hnh Windows Server: S dng chng

trnh Disk Cleaner ca Windows Server.


Defragmenter ca Windows Server.

Kim tra h thng c thng bo li hay khng v ln k hoch khc

phc nu c: S dng cng c Event viewer kim tra.

Tt my, chuyn sang sot v ni b (cc my tnh ln xe hot

ng c lp).

Tho g v my tnh. Ht bi v lau chi bn trong my.

Kim tra, m bo jack mng, chut, bn phm, monitor hot ng

tt.

M my, kim tra v m tt c cc dch v v phn mm ang

hat ng tt: Dch v cp a ch IP t ng (DHCP), h qun tr c s d liu

MS-SQL Server (c bit kim tra cc job t bo tr, sao lu (backup) d liu

ca MS-SQL Server) .


Ngi thc hin: Chuyn vin mng (c trnh tng ng vi chng ch

MSCE), chuyn gia lp t h thng .

2.4.2. B chuyn i mn hnh, bn phm v chut.

Chc nng: B chuyn i mn hnh

bn phm chut l thit b gip kt ni nhiu

my tnh vi nhau cng s dng chung mt

mn hnh bn phm v chut.

Khi mun iu khin thit b no ta ch

cn nhn vo nt tng ng vi v tr ca

my tnh c lp vo thit b ny. Hnh 2.27: B chuyn i



Lp t: Thit b ny c thit k dng Rack mount lp t trong t

RACK ngay pha di mn hnh thu ph thun tin cho vic la chn my

tnh iu khin, cc my tnh c lp t vo thit b ny thng qua cp chuyn

dng (cp KVM).

2.4.3. My in phc v cng tc bo co.

Chc nng: My in ny c kt ni

vi my tnh hu kim dng in cc bo co gim st v hu kim vo mi

cui ca. My in ny c th dng chung

cho nhiu my.

Lp t: My in c b tr lp

t ngay ti bn lm vic ca nhn vin

hu kim v kt ni trc tip vi my

tnh hu kim thng qua cng USB hay LPT.

Quy trnh bo tr bao gm cc bc sau:

Tho np my in, ly bng mc ra khi my in.

Ht bi, lau chi bn trong my in.

Kim tra ruybng cn nhiu hay khng c k hoch thay th.

Kim tra cc b phn truyn ng bng bnh rng c b r st hay

khng. Nu c phi tin hnh ty ra vt r st. Sau tra du bi trn vo cp

khp ni kim loi, bnh rng truyn ng.

Tho jack cm d liu ui my in v my tnh. Lm v sinh u

jack cm.


Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st hay ngi c am hiu v phn cng my

tnh.

2.4.4. u c m vch.

Chc nng: Thit b giao dch thu ph chnh l thit b c m vch, l

thit b dng gii m thng tin m vch trn v, th u tin. Kt qu ca qu

trnh gii m thng tin m vch l mt dy s seri v c gi n my tnh ln

Hnh 2.28: My in



xe thc hin cng vic kim tra tnh hp l ca v.

Thit b giao dch thu ph c mt lp knh bo

v thit b pht cc tia qut m vch.

trong sut ca lp knh ny c nh hng

trc tip n hiu qu gii m thng tin. Nu

trong sut t yu cu (trong sut, khng

b try xc), thit b s hot ng tt, n

nh. Nu ngc li, thit b c th s khng

c, c chm. Do , vic v sinh thng

xuyn mt knh bo v l vic rt quan trng

v cn thit. Cn m bo mt knh khng b try xc, bi bn thit b c th

hot ng hiu qu.

Khong cch u c m vch v v tt nht t 5 n 15 cm.

Lp t: c lp t ti bn lm vic ca nhn vin gim st v hu

kim.

2.4.5. B lu in UPS.

Chc nng: UPS nh iu hnh l

thit b tch tr v cung cp in cho ton b

thit b thu ph nh iu hnh.

UPS c chc nng lu in chng li

vic gin on do cp in t ngt v m

bo c dng in cung cp cho cc thit

b lun lun n nh.

Thi gian lu tr din ca thit b ny ph

thuc vo 2 yu t chnh.

- Cng sut ca thit b.

- Ti tiu th:

Khi ti tiu th ln th s mau ht in, thng thng thit b lu in khong

15~30 pht ty theo cng sut tiu th. Do tng thi gian lu in khi mt

Hnh 2.29: Barcode

Hnh 2.30: UPS



in th phi tt bt mt s thit b khng cn thit khi mt in gim ti cho

b lu in.

Lp t: UPS c b tr trong phng iu hnh gn t in tng v bn

cnh t RACK.

2.4.6. T rack.

Chc nng: T Rack l ni cha cc

thit b quan trng cho h thng thu ph bao

gm: My ch d liu, u ghi hnh k thut

s, b ghp knh, my tnh chng d liu v

nhn dng, b chuyn i mn hnh bn phm

v chut, b chng hnh v b chuyn i

mng.

T rack c cu to thng thong tn nhit

ng thi gim thiu bi bn bay vo cc

thit b.

T rack c ca knh hoc ca t ong gip

cho vic quan st cc thit b bn trong c

r rng hn.

Lp t: T rack phi lun t ni kh thong trnh m t m bo

cho cc thit b thu ph hot ng n nh lu di.

T rack thng t gc phng iu hnh thun tin cho vic b tr dy cp

in v tn hiu sao cho thm m nht.

V tnh quan trng ca cc thit b trong t rack nn cc thit b ny lun lun

c kha li, ch nhng ngi c thm quyn hoc chuyn gia my tnh mi c

quyn m t rack ra lm vic.

2.5. Thit b phng k ton bn v.

H thng thit b phng bn v bao gm cc thit b:

- My tnh bn v v k ton.

- u c m vch.

Hnh 2.31: T rack



- My in bo co.

- My in kim (in thng tin ln v thng, qu).

- Bng hin thi thng tin bn v.

- Camera quan st phng bn v.

2.5.1. My tnh bn v v k ton.

Chc nng: My tnh k ton v

bn v c s dng thc hin cc

cng vic ca k ton bao gm:

Nhp v vo kho.

Xut v cho tng nhn

vin.

Bn v thng, qu.

Lp bn k.

Tnh tn kho.

Xem v in cc bo co bn v.

My tnh k ton bn v c kt ni vi u c m vch thc hin cng

tc nhp v v xut v mt cch thun tin hn, ng thi ng nhp vo

My tnh KT BV

u c MV My in laser

My in kim Bng hin th

S 2.3: Thit b phng k ton

Hnh 2.32: My tnh bn v



chng trnh v lp bng k cho tng nhn vin thng qua m vch ca nhn

vin.

My tnh bn v thng cn c kt ni vi my in kim v bng hin

th thng tin bn v, nhm thng bo cho khch hng n mua bit

mnh gi, s xe ca ngi mua.

Ngoi ra my tnh bn v v k ton cn c kt ni vi my in laser

phc v cho cng tc bo co s liu.

Lp t: My tnh k ton bn v c lp t bn k ton v bn v

trong phng lm vic ca nhn vin k ton bn v thng, qu.

Quy trnh bo tr gm cc bc sau:


Qut virus my tnh.







serial lm nh hng n cc kt ni.

V sinh cc thit b ngoi vi: Chut, bn phm, mn hnh my tnh,

u c m vch.



tnh.

2.5.2. u c m vch.

Chc nng: Thit b giao dch thu ph chnh l thit b c m vch, l

thit b dng gii m thng tin m vch trn v, th u tin. Kt qu ca qu

trnh gii m thng tin m vch l mt dy s seri v c gi n my tnh ln

xe thc hin cng vic kim tra tnh hp l ca v.



Thit b giao dch thu ph c mt lp knh bo v thit b pht cc tia qut m

vch. trong sut ca lp knh ny c nh hng trc tip n hiu qu gii

m thng tin. Nu trong sut t yu cu (trong sut, khng b try xc),

thit b s hot ng tt, n nh. Nu ngc li, thit b c th s khng c,

c chm. Do , vic v sinh thng xuyn mt knh bo v l vic rt quan

trng v cn thit. Cn m bo mt knh khng b try xc, bi bn thit b

c th hot ng hiu qu.

Khong cch u c m vch v v tt nht t 5 n 15 cm.

Lp t: c lp t ti bn lm vic ca nhn vin gim st v hu

kim.

2.5.3. My in bo co.

Chc nng: My in kim l thit b

chuyn dng in thng tin ln v thng

v qu. Nhng thng tin in ln v thng

qu bao gm:

- Bin s xe, ti trng.

- Ngy bt u v ngy kt thc

ca hiu lc v.

- H tn ch xe.

My in kim c kt ni trc tip vi my tnh bn v thng qua cng LPT

hoc USB.

Vic iu chnh v tr in ca v thng qu c th thao tc thng qua cc nt xt

v tr c mt trn ca my.

Quy trnh bo tr bao gm cc bc sau:

Tho np my in, ruybng mc ra khi my in.

Ht bi, lau chi bn trong my in.

Kim tra ruybng cn nhiu hay khng c k hoch thay th.

Kim tra cc b phn truyn ng bng bnh rng c b r

st hay khng. Nu c phi tin hnh ty ra vt r st. Sau tra du

Hnh 2.33: My in



bi trn vo cp khp ni kim loi, bnh rng truyn ng.

Tho jack cm d liu ui my in v my tnh. Lm v sinh u

jack cm.


2.5.4. Bng hin th thng bo bn v.

Chc nng: thng bo thng tin bn

v cho khch hng bit v thng tin mua v.

V tr: c lp t bn giao dch

bn v thng trong phng k ton.

Kt ni: Kt ni vi my tnh thng

qua cng USP hoc RS 232.

Quy trnh bo dng bao gm cc

bc sau:

Tho cc jack cm di y

thit b.

Lm v sinh cc jack cm (ht bi, lau bi).

Lm v sinh mt bng: Dng khn mm m (thm nc) lau chi

thit b.

Kim tra ngun: im tra b ngun (adaptor) ca thit b, m bo

hot ng tt (khng nng, khng b bin dng).

Kim tra kt ni vi my tnh: Chy chng trnh bn v thng,

m bo d liu bn v thng hin th ln mn hnh ca thit b.


Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin bn v thng.

2.5.5. Camera phng k ton.

Chc nng: Quan st hot ng ti phng k ton.

Lp t: Camera c lp t ti v tr sao cho quan st c ton b hot

ng ti phng k ton.

Hnh 2.34: Bng hin th



2.6. H thng ph tr.

H thng thit b ph tr nhm

phc v cho vic kt ni hot ng ca

cc thit b cng nh bo v thit b

chng li tc ng ca thin nhin.

H thng thit b ph tr bao gm:

- Thit b mng;

- Thit b lin lc ni b;

- Thit b chng st trc tip v lan truyn;

- Thit b cung cp ngun in.

2.6.1. Thit b mng.

Mc ch: Thit b mng l thit b kt ni cc my tnh, n c v nh

dy thn kinh truyn ti cc tn hiu t cc my tnh con v my ch v ngc

li.

Thit b mng thng bao gm cc thit b chnh nh sau:

- B chuyn i mng my tnh

- B chuyn i quang in.

B chuyn i mng my tnh: Hay cn gi l

switch mng l thit b kt ni vi nhiu my tnh

qua cng mng LAN. B chuyn i thng 8, 16,

24 hay 48 cng. Ty vo nhu cu m ta c th chn

s lng cng kt ni sao cho ph hp.

Lp t: B chuyn i mng c lp t ti t Rack phng iu hnh.

B chuyn i quang in: L thit b chuyn i tn hiuquang sang in

(hay chuyn i tn hiu t ng truyn cp quang sang ng truyn dy

mng qua cng RJ 45). Khi cn truyn tn hiu i vi khon cch xa v m bo

t suy hao tn hiu ngi ta dng cp quan v b chuyn i quang in.

Lp t: Thit b ny cng c lp t ti t Rack phng iu hnh.

Hnh 2.35:in thoi

Hnh 2.36: Switch



2.6.2. Thit b lin lc ni b.

Thit b lin lc ni b bao gm: 1 tng i lin lc ni b v cc my con

c kt ni vi tng i. Ty theo nhu cu ca s lng my con m ta la

chn loi tng i no cho ph hp.

Tng i lin lc ni b:

Chc nng: Kt ni v cung cp ngun hot ng cho tt c cc my con

c kt ni vo n. C th kt ni ni b hoc kt ni vi ng dy ngoi.

Lp t: Tng i lin lc ni b thng c b tr ti phng iu hnh.

Chc nng: My nhnh dng lin lc ni b gia cc my c kt ni

vi nhau. Khi cn gi n my no ta ch cn nhn ng a ch ca my .

Lp t: My nhnh c lp t ti cc phng lm vic v ti bn

lm vic ca cabin sot v.

2.6.3. Thit b chng st v lan truyn.

m bo h thng thit b thu ph hot

ng n nh th i hi cc thit b phi c

bo v chng li nhng tc ng ca thin nhin

t bit l st nh. Vic st nh c th tc ng

trc tip vo thit b hoc gin tip nh vo

ng dy in li cung cp cho trm. Do vy

tt c cc trm thu ph iu phi lp t h thng

chng st trc tip v lan truyn.

H thng chng st trc tip:

Chc nng: H thng chng st trc tip c nhim v thu st mi khi c

st nh trong phm vi ca trm. Thit b thu st l thit b thu st phng in

sm, pht ra cc tia tin o nh hng tia st nh vo kim thu st m

khng lm nh hng n cc thit b, bn knh bo v ca kim thu st l rt ln

khong t 90~100m c th bao ph ton b thit b thu ph trong khu vc trm.

Kim thu st c ni vi h thng tip t thng qua dy cp ng. H thng

tip t c in tr



t cha nh hn 10 Ohm th thi cng phi tng cng thm in tr R



CHNG 3: GII PHP THU PH V CNG NGH S DNG M

VCH.

3.1. Tng quan v t vn s dng cng ngh.

Hin nay trn th gii s dng nhiu cng ngh thu ph giao thng.

H thng cc cng ngh.

S dng cng ngh RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) l h

thng nhn dng qua sng Radio. Cng ngh ny c u im: chnh xc cao,

gim phin toi do n tc giao thng qua cc trm thu ph do phi mua v sot

v. Bn cnh tn ti mt s nhc im: Gi thnh cn qu cao, h thng

cha trang b ng u cc xe, h thng cng ngh thng tin cha mnh.

Cng ngh s dng OBU (On Broad Unit) s dung OBU gn trn

xe v angten thu sng gn trm. Cng ngh ny c chnh xc cao, gim n

tc giao thng, nhng gi thnh cao.

Cng ngh dng m vch cng ngh ny s dng rng ri cc

trm thu ph ti Vit Nam. Cng ngh ny c u im chnh xc cao, gi

thnh r, d s dng... Nhc im: h thng ny x l cn chm

So snh nhng cng ngh trn nn nhm em s dng cng ngh n ch

m vch 1 dng nghin cu trong ti.

3.2. Thut ton m ha d liu m vch trn v thu ph giao thng.

3.2.1. Gii thiu m vch (barcode).

Trn th gii cng ngh m vch p dng hn 20 nm qua v khng

ngng pht trin, tuy nhin Vit Nam cng ngh ny tng i mi m.

i vi Vit Nam vic p dng m vch l cp thit vi cc l do:

Nhu cu xut khu i cc nc.

Nhu cu trong nc.

Cc li th khi s dng m vch.

Nng sut v hiu qu cao.

chnh xc rt cao.



Thng tin cho lnh o kp thi, ng lc ra cc quyt inh

hp l v ng thi im.

Phc v khach hang nhanh chng khng nhm ln.

Kh nng p dng m vch Vit Nam.

Do yu cu th trng ngy cng pht trin trong nc v quan h gia

cc nc trn th gii ngy cng m rng cho nn n lc chng ta khng th

khong p dng cng ngh m vch Vit Nam.

Vic p dng m vch Vit Nam ch yu phc v cho cc i tng

sau:

Cc sn phm hang ha trong nc v xut khu.

Giao thng, dch v, y t.

Cc ngnh qun l nhn s, an ninh, chm cng

Hot ng ca EAN-VN (European Article Numbering- Vit Nam)

Hng dn cp m s vt phm.

Xy dng v ban hnh b TCVN v m vch phm cho Vit Nam.

o to v chun b nhng d n p dng cng ngh m vch sn

xut kinh doanh v cc dich vu khc.

Tham gia cc hot ng ca EAN quc t.

T chc m s vch phm Quc T.

H thng tiu chun EAN.

Tiu chun phn nh hng ha.

Tiu chun m b sung thng tin cc d liu ly khng th ly t

may tnh hoc truyn qua EDI cc m vch tiu chun cho php ly t ng.

M s v m vch.

M s: L mt dy cc con s dng phn nh sn phm, p

dng trong qu trnh lun chuyn sn phm t ngi sn xut n bun bn, lu

kho, ngi tiu dng.

M vch: L loi m s biu trng bng hnh ch nht cha cc



vch thng lin tip c dy v dn cch khc nhau (m vch mt chiu) hoc

cha cc t hp thng ng v t on c dy xp lin tip to thnh mng

ln xn (m vch hai chiu).

3.2.2. u c barrier quang hc.

Cu to c bn:

Mt my qut barcode quang hc c bn v y gm 3 thnh phn:

B phn qut barcode: Pht ra 1 chm tia sng vo k hiu m vch

ly thng tin. Ty theo cng ngh ch to m ngi ta chia lm 2 loi

barcode scanner:

Loi CCD Scanner: Gm 1 dy n LED b tr sao cho cc tia sng

pht ra to thnh 1 vt sng thng theo chiu ngang ct ngang qua b mt ca k

hiu m vch. nh sng phn x thu c bi "trng CCD" (CCD Scanner

lense) (hnh bn cnh).

Loi Laser Scanner: Gm 1 mt c ta nh mt c ca u a

hnh, pht ra tia laser , sau ngi ta dng knh phn x to thnh vt

sng ct ngang qua b mt ca m vch. Loi laser scanner khng cn dng

trng thu nh sng.

B phn truyn tn hiu: Pht ra cc xung in tng trng cho cc

vch v cc khong trng thu c t b phn qut. Thng b phn qut v b

phn truyn c tch hp trn cng 1 board mch.

Hnh 3.1: Barcode Scanner



B phn gii m (Decoder): Nhn tn hiu xung in t b phn

truyn v gii m theo dng thc ca loi barcode c lp trnh sn trong b

nh. Nu gii m thnh cng, 1 ting ku "bp" s pht ra v tn hiu c gii

m s xut hin trn mn hnh ca phn mm ang s dng.

Nguyn tc hot ng:

Cc my qut barcode bn ra 1 chm tia sng, thng l mu . Nu n

ri vo 1 vng sng, th 1 con s zero s c c. Cn nu n ri vo 1 vng

ti, th my s nhn dng l con s 1. Nh vy, vic qut barcode s pht ra 1

chui gm nhng con s zero v 1. Chui ny s tng trng cho cc k t hoc

k s c m ho v c truyn vo b gii m. B gii m c th l phn

cng (b phn gii m) c Firmware, hoc cng c th l phn mm c ci

vo my tnh. Khi chui zero v 1 a vo b gii m c nhn dng l 1 loi

barcode no , th n s c bin dch thnh m s ban u v 1 ting "bp"

s bo hiu. Cn bng ngc li th my s khng bo hiu g c v khng c

m s no c hin th v tn hiu thu c khng nm trong cc loi barcode

c lp trnh sn trong Firmware ca phn cng hoc trong Sowftware ca

phn mm.

c im ca scanner quang hc l cc vch cng cao th gc qut cng ln

v kh nng c m vch cng cao. Vch cng thp th chm tia sng p vo n

cng t (tc gc qut cng thp) v kh nng c m vch cng thp.

Nh vy, trong nguyn l hot ng ca my qut barcode quang hc, ta

thy rng khi 1 my qut barcode cn tt (tc b phn pht tia sng cn tt)

khng c c 1 loi barcode no th iu ny c ngha l my vn c

c tn hiu, nhng khng gii m c v chui (0, 1) thu c khng nm

trong bt k loi barcode no c sn trong Firmware ca my

3.2.3 M t m vch trn v.

Ni dung trong m vch gm 15 k t nh sau:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15



X1 X2 / X3 X4 - T X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12

- Hai k t u tin l k hiu ca l v, c gi tr t A -> Z. VD: AA,

AB

- K t th 3 l k t c gi tr c nh /. Trong mi m vch k t th

3 lun c gi tr l /.

- Hai k t 4 v 5 i din cho nm pht hnh m vch c gi tr t 0 -> 9.

VD: v pht hnh nm 2004 th X4 = 0, X5 = 4.

- Hai k t 6 v 7 c gi tr c nh ln lt l -T. Trong mi m vch

k t th 6 lun c gi tr l - v k t th 7 c gi tr l T.

- Hai k t 8 v 9 i din cho loi v, k t 8 c cc gi tr 1:V lt,

2:V thng, 3:V qu. K t 9 c gi tr t 1 -> 6 i din cho 6 mc thu ph giao

thng.

- Cc k t cui cng 10 -> 15 l dy s serial ca m vch c gi tr t 0

-> 9, s serial u tin l 000001.

Ta s tin hnh m ha trn cc k t s, cn nhng k t cn li s c gi

nguyn khng tham gia vo qu trnh m ha. Nh vy cc k t 4, 5 v 8 -> 15

s b m ha.

Cc bc m ha:

Bc 1: Tch cc k t s v k t ch

Bc 2: Ghp cc k t s li thnh 1 dy lin tc theo 1 th t sau:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12

Bc 3: Chuyn dy gm 10 ch s ny t h thp phn sang h 36 (Tam-

Thp-Lc-Phn). Kt qu thu c gm 1 dy 6 k t dng c s 36.

1 2 3 4 5 6



Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6

Bc 4: ghp 2 k t X1 v X2 vo u dy va c m ha ta thu c

dy 8 k t c m ha t dy 15 k t ban u.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

X1 X2 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6

H c s 36 c xy dng trn b 26 k t in hoa t A -> Z v 10 k t

s t 0 -> 9, sp xp chng theo 1 th t bt k nhng phi nht nh.

Sau y l mt s b k t cho cc trm thu ph.

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z

Hoc U,C,H,5,S,A,D,T,7,I,9,Y,L,G,M,W,Z,N,8,E,2,F,O,B,6,P,3,4,J,V,1,

K,R,0,X,Q

H c s 36 chng ta biu din bng 6 bits th n s m ha c s thp phn

ti a l 36^6 = 2.176.782.336. Nh vy p dng thut ton ny vo chng

trnh th chng trnh s hot ng c i vi nhng v c nm pht hnh



3.2.4Biu din bng s .

Thut ton.

Function Encrypt(Source as string) as string

//Tch chui 1

S1 = Left(Source,2)

S2 = Mid(Source,4,2)

S3 = Right(Source,8)

//Ghp cc k t s

D liu ngun

Ghp chui

Kt qu tch chui

Tch chui

Kt qu chuyn i

i c s 36 -> 10

Kt qu tch

Tch chui

Kt qu m ha (Encrypted chars)

Gii m

D liu ngun

Tch chui

Kt qu tch chui

Ghp cc k t s

Kt qu ghp

i c s 10 -> 36

Kt qu chuyn i

Ghp chui

Kt qu m ha (Encrypted chars)

M ha

Luu 3.1: M ha v gii m



S4 = S2 + S3

//i c s 10 -> 36

S5 = DecemalToThirtysix(S4)

//Ghp chui

Encrypt = S1 + S5

End Function

Function Decrypt(Destination as string) as string

//Tch chui 1

S1 = Left(Destination,2)

S2 = Right(Destination,6)

//i c s 36 -> 10

S3 = ThirtysixToDecemal (S2)

//Tch cc k t s

S4 = Left(S3,2)

S5 = Right(S3,8)

//Ghp chui

Decrypt = S1 + / + S4 + -T + S5

End Function

Sau y l mt s mu m vch trn v thng, v ngy, v u tin, nhn vin.

Hnh 3.2: M vch in trn v



3.3. M hnh h thng.

He thong ieu khien

thiet b lan xe

He thong thu ph

He thong ieu hanh

trung tam

He thong soat ve

He thong giam sat,

kiem tra

He thong truyen thong

lien lac

He thong phan mem

ng dung

3.4. Vn in v pht hnh v.

Vic pht hnh v cho h thng thu ph bn t ng hon ton khng lm

thay i hay lm tri li cc qui nh ca BTC ban hnh. S lin, n ch, ni

dung in trn v, cht liu lm v (giy) hon ton khng thay i. V s c in

thm mt m vch ln lin sot (i vi v tr tin trc th in ln lin ca khch

hng). Vic kim sot c thc hin bng m vch trn v nn khng cn in

ch to nh trc y. Do kch thc ca v s gim i, c bit l i vi v

tr tin trc (v thng, v qu).

V gm c 3 lin i vi v lt v 2 lin i vi v tr tin trc.

V c in thnh nhiu mu khc nhau tng ng vi nhiu mnh gi v.

Ni dung, ch tiu ghi trn v c quy nh thng nht, gm cc ch tiu c bn

nh: n v pht hnh, loi v, loi phng tin, thi hn s dng, mnh gi v.

V d i vi Trm thu ph xa l H Ni, v do nh in B Ti Chnh (chi nhnh

TP.HCM) pht hnh theo quy trnh nh sau:

S 3.1: H thng thu ph



Giai on 1: In v ng s seri trn my in offset. (i vi cc my in

offset cng ngh c, vic ng s seri phi thc hin sau)

Giai on 2: In m vch ln v bng my in laser.

Giai on 3: V c giao cho trm Thu ph xa l H Ni, ng k hiu

lc trc khi bn.

Gi thnh: Hin ti nh in BTC ang cung cp v cho CII vi gi thnh nh

sau:

V lt (3 lin, m vch): 4,200 + 2,800 = 7,000 ng/cun hay 70 ng/ v

V thng/ qu (2 lin, m vch, ph mng nha bo v): 23,000 + 2,800 =

25,800 ng/cun hay 2,580 ng/v

Trong : 1 cun = 100 v

Kch thc lien khch hng: 10x8 (cmxcm)

Mu v lt mi.

Hnh 3.3: Mu v

xe



3.5. H thng iu khin thit b ln xe.

S iu khin ti ln xe.

.

y l h thng iu khin cc thit b ti ln xe, gm my tnh iu khin cho

mi ln xe, b x l PLC v cc thit b ngoi vi khc. H thng ny c dng

truyn d liu v tnh trng ln xe v cc giao dch ti h thng my ch ti

nh iu hnh cng nh qun l, x l cc kt qu tin nhn bo li hoc tin nhn

h thng.

u c v: c m vch trn v, gi thng tin gii m (s seri) v my tnh x

l.

My tnh iu khin ln xe:

Trong iu kin bnh thng (c kt ni vi my ch): iu khin hot ng ca

cc thit b ti ln da trn thng tin sot v v CSDL trn my ch.

Trong trng hp c s c (mt kt ni vi my ch): Vn iu khin cc thit

b ti ln hot ng bnh thng da trn CSDL lu tm ti my, v nhng

May tnh

en qua tram

200mm

Ban ieu khien

PLC

Barie va cac vong tTram

soat ve

BANG QUANG BAO

Coi hu

Nhan vien soat ve

Tai xe

Tai xe

en Flashingen vao tram - 300mm

Thiet b oc

Thiet b oc

ve lt

ve tra trc

S 3.2: iu khin ln xe



thng tin sot v khi c s c s c cp nht ln my ch khi kt ni c

phc hi.

Cc thit b ngoi vi sau y c ni chung vi b thit b iu khin ln xe

(PLC) m bo rng mi hot ng v d liu ti ln u kim sot c:

n vo ln (ng knh 300mm): ch dn cho ngi li xe bit

thng tin v trng thi ln xe.

: Ln xe ngng hot ng.

Xanh: Ln xe ang hot ng.

n ra ln (ng knh 200mm): ch dn cho ngi li xe khi

vo trm.

: Dng xe.

Xanh: c php qua trm.

n flashing: Bo hiu khi c xe qua trm trong trng hp khn

cp (xe ngoi giao, xe cu ha)

Ci h: Cnh bo ngi li xe phi dng xe ngay v c vi phm

nguyn tc sot v.

Bng quang bo: Hin th thng tin gi ph, loi xe, ngy ht hn

Thanh chn barrier, b iu khin v cc vng t: Barrier t ng

ng/m theo s iu khin ca my tnh v vng t.

B iu khin PLC: y l thit b nhn tn hiu iu khin t my

tnh v iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b ngoi vi khc ti ln xe (n giao

thng, barrier ). Ngoi ra, trong trng hp my tnh iu khin gp s c,

PLC cn c kh nng t ng iu khin, lu tr thng tin giao dch tm thi

trn chnh bn thn, ri cp nht d liu vo my tnh iu khin sau s c.

Bn iu khin: y l bn iu khin c, bao gm 3 chc nng

(m 1 xe qua, m cho on xe qua, ng barrie sau khi m on xe). Trn bn

iu khin cn c chc nng kha ln, kha bn iu khin. Trong trng hp

my tnh iu khin khng cn hot ng, nhn vin sot v thc hin cng vic

ca mnh hon ton bng bn iu khin.



Bn phm iu khin: Loi chuyn dng, giao tip my tnh, iu

khin cc chc nng ca phn mm sot v.

Loa: c s xe, cnh bo cc trng hp khng bnh thng.

3.6. H thng sot v.

Vic kim sot ca h thng thu ph c thc hin theo phng php

dng li mua v v dng li kim sot. Ngha l ngi li xe trc khi vo

trm sot v cn phi c v. V c th mua ti Kios bn v i vi v lt hoc

mua ti trm thu ph i vi cc loi v tr trc (v thng, v qu, v tr dn).

Vi cng ngh m vch, nu i c ch hai dng thnh mt dng th hon

ton thch hp. Ngha l bn v v sot v ti kiosk trn ln sot v.

3.6.1. Cc loi v thu ph.

V thu ph gm cc loi: V lt, v tr tin trc (v thng, v qu, v

do BTC cp, v tr dn).

V c in sn mnh gi theo mc thu lt qui nh tng ng vi tng

loi phng tin.

V lt: Dng thu ph i vi phng tin tham gia giao thng

qua trm thu ph ni pht hnh mt lt.

V thng: Dng thu ph i vi phng tin tham gia giao thng

qua trm thu ph ni pht hnh trong mt thng. Thi gian c hiu lc ca v

thng c qui nh khi v thng c bn ra.

V qu: Pht hnh theo thi hn qu (I, II, III, IV) trong nm

dng lch, dng thu ph i vi phng tin tham gia giao thng qua trm

thu ph ni pht hnh trong mt qu k t ngy 1 ca thng u qu n ngy

kt thc qu theo thi hn ghi trn v.

V tr dn: Mi ln xe qua trm, ph giao thng s c tr dn

vo s tin tr trc khi mua v.

3.6.2. H thng sot v.

H thng sot v bao gm:



Thit b c m vch (1 cho v lt, 1 cho v thng, hoc s dng

chung).

My tnh iu khin ln xe.

B iu khin PLC.

Bn iu khin c.

n iu khin giao thng.

H thng loa v ci bo ng.

Barrier, b iu khin v h thng vng t.

Bng quang bo.

Phn mm kim sot v.

Vi vic ng dng gii php s dng m vch, cc trm thu ph hon ton tun

th cc quy nh ca B Ti chnh theo thng t s 109/2002/TT-BTC, c th

nh sau:

- V thu ph ng b l chng t ph ng b, l bin lai thu ph, l ph

thuc ngn sch nh nc.

- V thu ph ng b l chng t cc ng b, l ha n c th s

dng khi cung ng dch v s dng ng.

- Vic in, pht hnh v qun l s dng v thu ph ng b hon ton tun

th cc quy nh ca B Ti chnh.

Ngoi ra, h thng cn t c cc li ch khc nh:

- Chi ph in v khng i so vi in v thng.

- Vic sot v c thc hin thng qua thit b c m vch vi tc cao

v chnh xc tuyt i.

- Thao tc ca nhn vin sot v n gin, nhanh chng.



3.7. H thng iu khin trung tm.

S h thng.

Trng tram Ke

toan

Quan tr he

thong

Switch

May chu 1

Mang tai Nha ieu hanh

May

inBan ve

thang

Com3

May chu 2

ong bo d

lieu

Nh iu hnh l ni t h thng my ch (server), my trm phc v cho cng

tc iu hnh hot ng thu ph cho ton trm thu ph, gm c:

My ch d liu (Database server): l ni ci t CSDL v cc phn h ca phn

mm h thng thu ph. Do yu cu hot ng 24/24 v mc quan trng ca

d liu, nn my ch d liu c cu hnh mnh, c th chy ch song hnh,

tng kh nng d phng. ng thi, s dng bng t (tape backup) sao lu

nh k d liu, phng khi c s c xy ra th c th phc hi li h thng trong

thi gian ngn nht.

S 3.3: Mng nh iu hnh trung tm



V l do an ton, chng ta s dng 2 my ch (c cng tnh nng). Tuy nhin,

cng c th s dng 1 my ch m khng nh hng n cht lng h thng,

nu c s c v phn cng my ch th my ch phi tm ngng hot ng ch

sa cha thay th. Mt khc h thng my tnh sot v ti cc ln sot v c th

lm vic tt trong thi gian my ch tm ngng hot ng.

Cc my trm phc v cho cc cng vic qun l v, bn v, qun tr h thng,

tng hp bo co

3.8. H thng truyn d liu.

H thng truyn nhn d liu gia kiosk sot v v Nh iu hnh rt

quan trng. Thng qua h thng ny trm sot v gi d liu v Nh iu hnh,

kim tra tnh hp l ca v, gi thng tin cho h thng gim st

Do tnh quan trng trong h thng thu ph v m bo tc ca mng nhanh

nht, h thng thu ph c trin khai mng my tnh hnh sao, s dng

Switching Hub ti thiu 10/100Mbps, v cp mng loi UTP Cat-5. Ngoi ra

cp quang s c s dng ni cc Switching Hub t Nh iu hnh ti kiosk

sot v do khong cch xa hn phm vi ca 10/100BaseT.

Tuy nhin, trong trng hp nh iu hnh v kiosk sot v cch nhau khng xa

(di 100 mt) th cp quang c th thay th bng cp UTP/STP.



Trng tram Ke

toan

Quan tr he

thong

Switch

May chu 1

Mang tai Nha ieu hanh

May

inBan ve

thang

Com3

Cap quang

Mang tai Tram soat ve

SwitchCom3

May chu 2

ong bo d

lieu

Do khong cch ln t cc kiosk sot v v Nh iu hnh, nn cc ng cp

mng khng c ko trc tip t kios sot v v Nh iu hnh m c tp

trung v mt switch t ti kiosk sot v, ri t mi c truyn v Nh iu

hnh.

3.9. H thng gim st.

S h thng my tinh chng tn hiu:

S 3.4: Mng h thng trm thu ph



He thong camera quan sat tai cac lan xe

Camera Camera Camerad9

Camera Camera Camera Camera Camera

au ghi ky thuat so

Cac may tnh chup hnh

He thong may tnh chup hnh tai Nha ieu hanh

Tape Backup

Bo chia 4 Bo chia 4

May tnh

chong tn hieu

He thong may tnh chong tn hieu

D V D

May tnh

chong tn hieu

Tn hieu n

Tn hieu n

Tn hieu sau khi chia 4Tn hieu sau khi chia 4

Tn hieu n

Frame Grabber

(Internal)

Frame Grabber

(Internal)

Gii php hn ch v chng tiu cc hiu qu l vic s dng h thng gim st

gim st cc hot ng ti cc ln xe. Thng tin c lu tr, phc v cng

tc hu kim hoc tm kim li hnh nh km theo thng tin ti mt thi

im bt k mt cch nhanh chng.

S 3.5: H thng camera gim st



H thng CCTV Camera c b tr mi ln xe thu nhn cc hnh

nh ca tt c cc phng tin i ngang qua trm. H thng ny bao gm 2 phn

chnh:

Thit b camera: mi lane u c b tr mt camera mu.

My tnh chp hnh: Nhim v chnh ca my tnh chp hnh l

chuyn tn hiu video sang tn hiu s (digital), v da trn tn hiu c v ti

cc kios sot v chp li nhng hnh nh xe qua trm.

My tnh chng tn hiu: Nhim v ca my tnh l chng d liu sot v

ln tn hiu video (04 ln s dng 01 my chng tn hiu, c th s dng 01 my

tnh chng tn hiu cho 01 ln nu mun hnh nh r v sc nt). D liu sot v

bao gm mnh gi v, tnh trng ca v, hiu lc ca v, nhn vin sot v

Cc thit b khc

Monitor c dng hin th hnh nh.

u ghi k thut s lu tr cc d liu hnh nh thu c c th

i chiu v kim tra.

B sao lu k thut s (Tape Backup) ni vo u ghi k thut s lu

tr d liu c th kim tra li nu cn.

3.10. H thng phn mm thu ph.

3.10.1. Gii thiu tng quan cc phn h phn mm.

Cc phn h phn mm lin kt vi nhau, to thnh mt h thng qun l

nghip v thu ph bn t ng hon chnh.

K ton v: Nhp xut v, qun l kho v, giao nhn v, bn v tr tin

trc, thu tin v.

Sot v: Da vo thng tin cung cp t phn h K ton v, phn h

Sot v kim tra tnh hp l ca v v iu khin h thng thit b ti ln cho

xe qua trm. Phn h ny cng cung cp tn hiu v thng tin sot v cho Hu

kim chp hnh, v hu kim cc trng hp xe qua trm khng bnh thng.



Gim st: Gim st cng vic thu ph ca nhn vin sot v thng qua h

thng quan st (camera) v d liu t phn h Sot v cung cp.

Hu kim (Kim sot sau): Cho php kim li ngu nhin hoc tt c cc

ln xe qua trm, h thng cung cp mt hnh chp ca xe ngay trc khi xe qua

thanh chn (barrier) ngi hu kim pht hin ra cc trng tiu cc c th

xy ra.

Qun tr: Dnh cho chuyn gia trong cng vic ci t, bo tr h thng,

phn quyn s dng, x l s liu

Ngoi ra, h thng cn mt phn h khc khng km phn quan trng l phn h

in v (in m vch ln v). Ni dung ca m vch trn v l duy nht, ngha l

khng c bt k hai v no c m vch cng nhau.

3.10.2. Phn h k ton v.

Nhp xut tn kho v.

Thc hin cc nghip v ca k ton v qun l kho v.

V hp l l nhng v hin hu trong kho (xc nh thng qua ni

dung cc m vch trn v).

Giao v cho nhn vin bn v lt.

Cp v cho nhn vin bn v lt (bn v ti cc kiosk dc hai bn

ng)

Thng k, kim tra tn, thu tin nhn vin bn v lt hng ngy.

Bn v tr tin trc.

V tr tin trc bao gm v thng, v qu. Quy trnh bn v c thc

hin tun t nh sau:

Khch hng yu cu loi v cn mua.

K ton bn v ly ng loi v c yu cu.

K ton bn v s dng thit b c m vch c s seri

trn v tr tin trc.



K ton bn v chn ngy bt u s dng v ngy kt thc theo

yu cu ca khch hng.

Chng trnh hin th thng tin s xe, gi v, thi hn s dng

khch hng kim tra.

3.10.3. Phn h sot v.

Phn h sot v ch m barrier cho xe qua i vi cc v hp l. V hp l

bao gm cc loi sau:

V lt giao cho nhn vin bn v lt, v cha qua ln trm ln no

(xem hnh bn di).

V thng, v qu c bn bng phn h Bn v tr tin trc v cn

trong thi gian s dng.

V do b ti chnh cp, khng c m vch.

Cc trng hp v khng hp l, phn h Sot v khng m barrier cho

xe qua. Trng hp bt buc phi m barrier cho xe qua th nhn vin sot v

thc hin m barrier bng cc cch:

Trng hp 1 (v lt s dng, v thng v v qu khng c hiu lc,

m vch b hng): Nhn nt Cho qua, barrier m ln v t ng ng li khi

xe va qua khi barrie. Phn h sot v s ghi nhn li s seri phc v cho

cng tc hu kim.

Trng hp 2 (cc trng hp 1 xe u tin): Nhn nt Cng bc 1 xe,

barrier t ng m ln cho xe qua. Khi xe va qua, barrier ng li thng qua

tn hiu nhn c t vng cm ng t ngay di thanh chn.

Trng hp 3 (on xe u tin): Nhn nt Cng bc on barrier t

ng m ln, khng t ng li m nhn vin sot v phi t ng li.

3.10.4. Phn h gim st.

Gim st hot ng thu ph thng qua s liu cung cp t phn h Sot v

t cc ln gi v.

3.10.5. Phn h hu kim.



Hu kim ngha l kim li cc ln xe qua trm pht hin cc trng

hp tiu cc c th xy ra, vic kim tra c thc hin thng qua nh chp v

s liu trong c s d liu trung tm. Cng vic hu kim khng i hi thi

gian 24/24 nh l gim st, v c th kim tra cho gia nhiu nhn vin hu

kim.

Chp nh.

Vi mi xe qua trm, phn h Sot v gi tn hiu v trung tm yu cu

chp nh xe ngay lc dng ti quy sot v. nh l hnh ca xe v thng tin sot

v ghi ngay pha trn xe.

i chiu thng tin sot v v hnh nh.

Ngi hu kim lc ra cc trng hp xe qua cc ln hu kim. ng vi

mi ln qua, chng trnh hin th mt hnh chp ngay vo lc xe qua.

nh bao gm hnh tht ca xe (nhn thy c bin s xe) v thng tin sot v.

Theo hnh trn th xe 60LD-0982 qua ln bng v thng loi 300.000

ng/thng, cn trong thi hn s dng v v ny ng k cho xe c bin s l

60LD-0982. Lt sot v ny do anh Nguyn Trung Thnh (nhn vin sot v)

thc hin vo lc 16:40:41, ngy 18/02/2004 ti ln s 002.

Nh vy nu c tiu cc nh: bin s ng k (60LD-0982) khc vi hnh

nh tht, gi tin ca v khng ph hp vi kch thc xe th d dng pht

hin

Hnh 3.4: Chp nh xe qua trm



3.10.6. Phn h qun tr.

- Cp quyn cho cc i tng s dng h thng thu ph, bao gm nhn vin

sot v, k ton v, nhn vin gim st v lnh o.

- Chnh sa thay i d liu cn thit.

- Cu hnh cc thng s cho h thng.

CHNG 4: THIT K V THI CNG TRM THU PH MT DNG.



4.1. Gii thiu m hnh.

Trm thu ph em thit k l trm gm 8 lane i xng nhau trong b tr

6 lane s dng cng ngh m vch 1 dng, ngoi ra em cng b tr 2 lane t

ng.

Nng sut (lu lng thng qua) ca mi lane c xc nh bng s xe

qua trm trong 1 gi.

Tnh theo cng thc:

N =

N: Lu lng thng qua.

tl=t1+t2 Tng thi gian lng ph.

t1 : Thi gian dng li mua v.

t2 : Thi gian i ht qung ng.

Theo tiu chun thit k (TCVN).

t1= 3 5s

s = 20m (chiu di lane)

v = 5 10km/h =1.4 3.6m/s (vn tc cho php chy trong lane)

t2=5.5 14.3s

tl =8.5 19.3s

Vy trong 1 gi s xe qua 1 lane ln nht l:

N = 423 xe/gi

tng s lng xe qua trm th ta phi gim thi gian dng mua v (qut v),

tng vn tc lu thng qua trm.

Vit chng trnh PLC vi yu cu sau:



1. ch bng tay: Barrier c iu khin thng qua bn phm c

c ni trc tip vi PLC v c gn trn m hnh. y l bn phm khn

cp, ch c dng thay th khi ch t ng c s c.Cc nt iu khin bao

gm: M ln, m kha, m u tin mt xe, m u tin on xe v ng barrier.

Nhng thng tin v v qut, s ln m u tin, s lng xe qua ln v

tn nhn vin iu khin u c lu c s d liu phc v cho vic kim

tra sau ny.

2. ch t ng: Barrier c iu khin thng qua vic qut v c

m vch bng thit b barcode. M barcode ny c so snh vi c s d liu,

nu nh n hp l th my tnh s gi lnh iu khin xung PLC.V c dng

trong m hnh ny c 3 loi: V lt, v thng v v u tin. V u tin bao

gm: u tin mt xe v u tin on xe. V u tin s c qut nhiu ln,

ring nhng v lt th ch c qut duy nht mt ln v khng hp l nu nh

dng nhng v ny qut ln sau.

4.2. Gii thiu phn mm trong ti.

4.2.1. Gii thiu v PLC S7-200.

PLC vit tt ca Programmable Logic Controller, l thit b iu khin

lp trnh c (kh trnh) cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin

logic thng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh. Ngi s dng c th lp trnh thc

hin mt lot trnh t cc s kin.

Hnh 4.1: PLC S7-200



S7-200 l thit b ca hng Siemens, cu trc theo kiu modul c cc

modul m rng, thnh phn c bn ca S7-200 l khi vi x l CPU212,

CPU224, CPU214

B iu khin PLC c nhng u im sau:

Lp trnh d dng, ngn ng lp trnh d hc.

Gn nh d dng bo qun, sa cha.

Dung lng b nh ln, c th cha c nhng chng trnh

phc tp.

Hon ton tin cy trong mi trng cng nghip.

Giao tip c vi cc thit b thng minh nh: My tnh, nimng,

ni cc modul m rng.

a. Cu trc ca CPU224 gm:

Hnh 4.2: ng dng PLC S7-200

Hnh 4.3: Cu trc PLC



4096 t n (wold) lu chng trnh thuc min nh ghi/c c

v khng b mt d liu nh c giao din vi EEPROM .

2560 t n lu d liu.

14 cng vo logic v 10 cng ra logic.

C th ghp ni them 7 modul m rng.

Tng s cng vo ra cc i l 128 cng vo v 128 cng ra.

256 b to thi gian tr, trong c 4 timer c phn gii 1ms, 16

timer c phn gii l 10ms, cos timer c phan gii l 100ms.

256 b m c chia lm 2 loi, mt loi ch m ln(CTU), mt

loi va m xung va m ln (CTUD).

256 bt nh c bit (lu trng thi bng t hoc pin) v 112 bit

(lu trong EEPROM) dng lm cc bit trng thi hoc cc bt t ch lm

vic.

Hai u vo tng t c phn gii 8 bt

Tc thc hin lnh: 0.37ms cho 1 lnh logic.

Tch hp ng h thi gian thc.

Tch hp cng truyn thng RS-485.

b. Cu trc b nh.

Phn chia b nh.

B nh ca S7-200 c chia lm 4 vng nh vi 1 t c nhim v dy tr d

liu trong thi gian nht nh khi mt ngun cung cp.

B nh c tnh nng ng cao, c v ghi c trong ton vng, loi tr phn

cc bt nh c bit.

Bn vng nh gm:

-Vng nh chng trnh: l min nh c s dng lu gi cc

lnh ca chng trnh.

-Vng tham s: L min lu gi cc tham s nh t kha a ch

trm

-Vng d liu: L min nh ng, c th truy cp tng bit, tng byte,



tng t n v t kp. c dng lu tr cc thut ton, cc hm truyn

thng, lp bng, cc hm dch chuyn, xoay vng thanh ghi, con tr a ch.

Vng d liu c chia thnh nhiu min nh nh vi cc chc nng khc nhau

nh:

V : Variable momory

I : Input image register

O : Output image register

M : Intermal memory bits

SM: Special memory bits

-Vng i tng: c s dng lu tr cho cc i tng lp

trnh nh cc gi tr tc thi, gi tr t trc ca b m hay timer.

c. a ch cc vng nh ca S7-200 CPU224.

- u vo (Input): I0.0 n I0.7;I1.0 n I.5: I2.0 n I2.7

- u ra (Output): Q0.0 n Q0.7; Q1.0 n Q1.1

- B m o u vo: I0.0 n I15.7

- B m o u ra: Q0.0 n Q15.7

- u vo tng t: AIW0 n AIW62

- u ra tng t: AQW0 n AQW62

- Vng nh V: VB0 n VB5119

- Vng nh L: LB0 n LB63

- Vng nh M: M0.0 n M31.7

- Vng nh SM: SM0.0 n SM549.7

SM0.0 n SM29.7 (read only)

- Vng nh Timer: T0 n T255

- Vng nh Counter: C0 n C255

- Vng nh m tc cao: HC0 n HC5

- Vng nh trng thi: S0.0 n S31.7

- Vng nh thanh ghi tng: AC0 n AC3

- Kh nng qun l Label: 0 n 255



- Kh nng qun l chng trnh con: 0 n 63

- Kh nng m rng chng trnh ngt: 0 n 127

d. Ngn ng lp trnh.

C 3 phng php lp trnh cho PLC S7-200 ca hng Siemen l:

-Lader Logic (LAD)

-Statement List (STL)

-Function Block Diagram (FBD)

e. Nguyn l hot ng.

CPU iu khin cc hot ng bn trong PLC. B x l s c v kim tra

chng trnh c cha trong b nh, sau s thc hin tng lnh trong

chng trnh, s ng hay ngt cc u ra. Cc trng thi ng ra y c pht ti

cc thit b lin kt thc thi, ton b cc hot ng thc thi u ph thuc

vo chng trnh iu khin c gi trong b nh .

f. Ghp ni cc phn t vo PLC.

4.2.2. Gii thiu v Visual Basic.

Visual Basic 6.0 (Vb6) l mt phin bn ca b cng c lp trnh Visual

Basic, cho php ngi dng tip cnh nhanh cch thc lp trnh trn mi trng

Windows.

Vi VB6 chng ta c th:

- Khai thc th mnh ca cc iu khin m rng.

Hnh 4.4: Ghp ni PLC



- Lm vic vi cc iu khin mi.

- Lm vic vi tnh nng ngn ng mi.

- Lm vic vi DHTML.

- Lm vic vi c s d liu.

- Cc b sung v lp trnh hng ti i tng.

4.3. Thi cng m hnh.

4.3.1. M hnh trm thu ph.

a. Ng vo:

Cng tc 1: KHA ON/ OFF dng chuyn sang T NG, BNG TAY.

Cng tc 2: NG/ M LN dng chuyn ln hot ng hay ngh.

Nt nhn 1: M MT XE dng m cho mt xe qua (BNG TAY).

Nt nhn 2: M ON XE dng m cho on xe qua (BNG TAY).

Nt nhn 3: NG BARRIER dng ng barrier khi on xe qua ht

(BNG TAY)..

Nt nhn 4: LOOP C (cm bin vng t) dng ra lnh camera chp

nh x l bin s i vi trng hp v thng, v u tin....

Nt nhn 5: LOOP B (cm bin vng t) dng bo ng khi xe vo

vng cm; nu v hp l th khng bo ng.

Nt nhn 6: LOOP A (cm bin vng t) dng ra lnh cho barrier ng

vi trng hp cho php 1 xe qua.

b. Ng ra:

-n , n xanh pha trn: n bo tnh trng ln.

-n , n xanh pha di: n tn hiu giao thng.

-n vng: n cnh bo u o ln.

-Dy n barrier nm ngang: Ch th barrier ang ng.

-Dy n barrier xanh thng ng: Ch th barrier ang m cho 1 xe qua.

-Dy n barrier vng thng ng: ch th barrier ang m cng

bc cho on xe qua (u tin barrier vng cao hn barrier xanh).



-Loa: dng cnh bo xe vo vng cm.

c. Nguyn tc hot ng:

Khi cng tc 1 v tr ON th h thng chuyn sang ch BNG TAY.

Khi cng tc 2 v tr NG th ng ln khng cho hot ng, n

pha trn sng. Khi v tr M th h thng sn sng hot ng, n xanh pha

trn sng.

Khi c 1 xe n, bm Nt nhn 1, dy barrier xanh sng, n xanh

pha di sng. Khi xe i qua LOOP C, LOOP B ri LOOP A th barrier ng

v n pha di sng.

Khi c on

Documents

Hệ Thống Thu Phí Ấn Chỉ Mã Vạch Một Dừng