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1주차 Hee Eun Kim

Hee Eun Kimcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gacheon/kimheeeun1/... · 2016-09-09 · 26 . Bone Shapes ; 모양에 따른 분류 Long bones (장골) – extremities . 1 shafts

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Page 1: Hee Eun Kimcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gacheon/kimheeeun1/... · 2016-09-09 · 26 . Bone Shapes ; 모양에 따른 분류 Long bones (장골) – extremities . 1 shafts

1주차

Hee Eun Kim

Page 2: Hee Eun Kimcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gacheon/kimheeeun1/... · 2016-09-09 · 26 . Bone Shapes ; 모양에 따른 분류 Long bones (장골) – extremities . 1 shafts

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Anatomy

“to cut up” from Greek ; “자르고 가른다”라는 라틴어에서 유래

1) 맨눈해부학 (Gross anatomy)

임상해부학 (applied or clinical anatomy)

계통해부학 (systemic anatomy) ; 총론

국소해부학 (regional anatomy) ; 각론

2) 조직학 (Microscopic anatomy, histology)

3) 신경해부학 (Neuroanatomy)

4) 발생해부학 (Developmental anatomy, embryology)

5) 표면해부학 (Surface anatomy)

6) 영상해부학 (Imaging anatomy)

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Bone

Nerves

Blood vessel

Muscle

Systematic Anatomy

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Anatomical position (해부학자세)

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Midsagittal plane (median plane)

Sagittal plane Horizontal plane (transverse

or axial plane)

Coronal plane (frontal plane)

절단면(plane)에 관한 용어

정중(시상)면 수평면, 가로면, 횡단면 관상면 시상면

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Transverse plane (횡단면, 가로면) : 몸이나 장기 긴축의 직각면

Coronal plane (관상면) Midsagittal plane (정중시상면)

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전두(관상)단면; 전두면: Frontal[coronal] section;

frontal plane

정중시상단면; 정중면: Midsagital section;

median plane

가로단면; 수평면: Transverse section;

Horizintal plane

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Proximal (몸쪽)

Distal (먼쪽)

Medial (안쪽)

Lateral (가쪽)

Superior (위쪽)

Inferior (아래쪽)

Posterior (뒤쪽) Dorsal (등쪽)

Anterior (앞쪽) Ventral (배쪽)

방향에 관한 용어

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원위 (먼쪽, distal)

근위 (몸쪽, proximal)

천부 (얕은, superficial)

정중면 (median plane)

내측 (안쪽, medial)

외측 (가쪽, lateral)

심부 (깊은, deep)

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Regions of head & face

뇌머리뼈 (neurocranium

(CRANIAL VAULT))

머리뼈바닥 (cranial base)

얼굴뼈 (viscerocranium

(face))

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Regions of head & face

Head – Frontal R. (전두부, 이마부위) – Parietal R. (두정부, 마루부위) – Occipital R. (후두부, 뒤통수부위) – Temporal R. (측두부, 관자부위) – Supraorbital R. (안와상부, 눈확위부위) – Mastoid R. (유양부, 꼭지부위)

전두부(이마부위, frontal region)

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Face – Orbital R. (안와부, 눈확부위) – Inferior palpebral R.

(하검부, 아래눈꺼풀부위) – Zygomatic R.

(권골부, 광대부위) – Auricular R.

(이개부, 귓바퀴부의) – Superior labial R.

(상순부, 위입술부위) – Buccal R. (협부, 볼부위) – Mental R. (이부, 턱끝부위)

– Superior palpebral R. (상검부, 위 눈꺼풀 부위)

– Infraorbital R. (안와하부, 눈확아래부위)

– Nasal R. (비부, 코부위) – Oral R. (구부, 입부위) – Inferior labial R.

(하순부, 아래입술부위) – Parotidomasseteric R.

(이하선교근부, 귀밑꺠물부위) – Retromandibular R.

(하악후부, 아래턱뒤부의)

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1주차

Hee Eun Kim

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specialized C-T calcified ‘matrix’

Epiphysis (뼈끝)

Metaphysis (뼈몸통끝)

Diaphysis (뼈몸통)

Epiphysis (뼈끝)

Metaphysis (뼈몸통끝)

Bone (뼈) & Skeleton (뼈대)

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Bone Functions

Support body weight Protect soft organs Movement at joints Storage of Ca2+ and PO4

-3

Hematopoiesis

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Compact Bone (치밀뼈) vs. Spongy Bone (해면뼈)

Compact bone – solid, weight-bearing composed of ‘osteon’ radiopaque (방사선불투과성)

Spongy bone – marrow cavity, trabeculae, light weight radiolucent (방사선투과성) red marrow or yellow marrow

# pneumatic bone (공기뼈)

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Medullary cavity

Compact Bone and Spongy Bone

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Structure of bone

1. 골막 (뼈바깥막, periosteum)

• 결합조직 막, 혈관과 신경분포, 뼈 보호 및 재생, 영양공급

2. 치밀골 (치밀뼈, compact bone)

• 하버스관 존재 (신경, 혈관이 지나가는 영양관)

3. 해면골 (해면뼈, spongy bone)

• 스폰지 모양

4. 골수 (뼈속질, bone marrow)

• 골수 함유 (조혈기능)

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Bone architecture

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Structure and types of bone

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위치에 따른 분류

A. Axial skeleton (몸통뼈대) 머리뼈 (skull) paired (8) / unpaired (6) 목뿔뼈 (hyoid, 1) 갈비뼈 (rib, 12 pairs) 복장뼈 (sternum, 1) 척추뼈 (vertebrae, 7+12+5+1+1)

B. Appendicular skeleton (팔다리뼈대) 팔이음뼈 (shoulder girdle, 2+2) 자유팔뼈 (위팔 (1+1), 노 (1+1), 자 (1+1), 손목 (8+8), 손허리 (5+5), 손가락 (14+14)) 다리이음뼈 (hip bone, 볼기뼈, 2+2) 자유다리뼈 (넙다리 (1+1), 정강 (1+1), 종아리 (1+1), 무릎 (1+1) 발목 (7+7), 발허리 (5+5) 발가락 (14+14))

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Bone Shapes

; 모양에 따른 분류

Long bones (장골) – extremities 1 shafts & 2 ends Short bones (단골) – cube-shaped, wrist & ankle Flat bones (편평골) – skull, sternum, scapula, ribs Irregular bones (불규칙골) – vertebrae, pelvis, facial bones

# 종자뼈 (sesamoid bone) ― 무릎뼈 (patella) : 힘줄기원, 마찰감소 # 덧뼈 (accessory bone) – 봉합뼈, 부가적인 뼈발생 # 공기뼈 (pneumatic bone) – 위턱, 벌집, 나비, 이마뼈

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Long bones

: 2 ossification centers (골화중심)

Diaphysis – shaft (골간) Epiphysis – ends (골단) Epiphyseal plate / line (골단판, 골단선) – growth region

뼈의 동맥 1. 영양동맥 (nutrient a.) – 영양구멍 – to marrow and compact bone

2. 뼈막동맥 (periosteal a.) – 치밀뼈에

3. 뼈끝, 뼈몸통동맥 – 관절가지에서

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뼈의 발생_2

연골뼈 발생(endochondral ossification) – 유리연골이 존재하다가 연골이 점차 광화된 후, 퇴행 변성

되면서 골조직으로 대체 – 인체의 장골, 하악두 등 – 뼈의 길이 성장에 매우 중요

28 http://www.e-histology.or.kr/demo/VirtualSlide_popup2.asp?Idx=20

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뼈의 성장

길이 성장 – 주로 긴 뼈에서 일어나는 과정으로 연골모

델에서 발생 – 일차골화중심, 이차골화중심 – 뼈끝연골 존재 여부가 길이성장에 관여

굵기 성장 – 골막에서 골모세포가 만들어져 풋뼈조직

을 만들어 굵기가 증가됨

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Calvarial bone, sternum, scapula Two sheets of compact bone Diploë – spongy bone

Flat bone

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뼈 겉모양의 용어 _ 1

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뼈 겉모양의 용어 _ 2

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