Heng Savoeun/2008 1

1- CI v³m:U elKu l1- GamI NU GasuIt ‘Amino Acid)

2- RbU etGuI n ‘Protein)

3- kabU GuIRdat ‘Carbohydrate)

KImICIv³ 1

3- kabU GuIRdat ‘Carbohydrate)

4- lI BI t (Lipid )

5- nu yekø Gui cGasuIt ‘Nucleic Acid)

2- Gg; suI m (Enzyme)

3- vI tamI n ‘Vitamin)

Heng Savoeun/2008 2

Heng Savoeun/2008 3

vItamIn• Baküza ¨ vItamIn‘vitamin’ ¨ pþúMeLIgBIBakü ¨vita ‘CIvit’ ¨ nig ¨amine=NH2-group ¨• CasarZatu«TÆiBlEdlcaM:csMrab´karlUtlas sMrab´karbnþBUC nigGtæiPaBénmnusS nigstV• mnusS RtUvkareTAelIvItamInnimYy> zitcenøaHBI 0.001-50mg kñúgmYyézá• karsMeyaKeday:ketrIkñúgeBaHev[n rWk*karrkSaTuk‘cMeBaHEtvItamInrlaykñúgxøaj’ GacbJ©úHkarsMeyaKeday:ketrIkñúgeBaHev[n rWk*karrkSaTuk‘cMeBaHEtvItamInrlaykñúgxøaj’ GacbJ©úHesckþIRtUvkarmYyEpñk• karKµanvItamIn rWvItamInminRKb´RKan´kñúgcMNIGaharry;eBlEvg naMeGaymankarxVHvItamInEdlemIlmineXIj ehIyvanwgpþl´nUveraKsJ¦aminyzaRbePTEdlGacnaMeTArkkarsøab´:n• cMnYnelIsEdleyIgbriePaKCamYyGahar nwgRtUv:nbeJ©jecal• buEnþ vaGacman«TÆiBlGaRkk´EdredaykarelIsvItamIn EtkMr

Heng Savoeun/2008 4

cMENkfñak;• RtUv:nEckCaRkumvItamInrlaykñúgxøaj´nigRkumvItamInrlaykñúgTwk

vItamInrlay~gTwk vItamInrlay~gxøaj´

thiamine (vitamin B1)

riboflavin (vitamin B2)

niacin (vitamin B )

retinol (vitamin A)

calcipherol (vitamin D)

tocopherol (vitamin E)

Heng Savoeun/2008 5

2

niacin (vitamin B3)

pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)

pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

biotin (vitamin B7)

folic Acid (vitamin B9)

cobalamin (vitamin B12)

ascorbinic acid (vitamin C)

tocopherol (vitamin E)

phylloquinon (vitamin K)

vItamInrlaykñúgxøaj;• vItamInrlaykñúgxøaj´sMxan´>sMrab´mnusS rYmmanvItamIn A, D, E nig K

GkSr eQµaH‘Provitamin’ muxgar CMgWxVHvItamIn tMrUvkarRbcaMézáA Retinol

(BI β-carotin)

kUhVak'T&rsMrab'KMehIj

xVak'man' 1,5-2 mg

D Calcipherol

(BI cholesterin)

kUhVak'T&rénemtabUlIskal'süÚm

ricket

‘eraKRkis’0,01 mg

E tocopherol Antioxidant karexSaysac'duM

10 mg

K phylloquinone kUhVak'T&rsMrab'karkkénQam

QamRkkk 1 mg

Heng Savoeun/2008 6

vItamIn A

• mnusS nigstVrkSaTukvItamIn A kñúgezøIm nigGacbMeBjtMrYvkar:nCaeRcInEx• vItamInA mankñúgezøImRtIsmuRT karut‘5ml/100g’ ezøIm‘8ml/100g’ TwkedaHsu)t‘BN(el]g’su)t‘BN(el]g’

Heng Savoeun/2008 7

karsMeyaK retinal edaykarbMElg β-carotin

• manvItamIn A BIrRbePT KW retinol(man alcohol-group rW vitamin A-alcohol)

• nig retinal (man aldehyde-group rW vitamin A-aldehyde)

• sarZatuedImsMrab´sMeyaKvItamInTaMgBIrenH KW β- carotin (provitamin) EdlRtUv:nsMeyaKedayruk¡Cati

Heng Savoeun/2008 8

RbtikmµkMehIj• retinal edIrtYnaTIsMxanNascMeBaHdMeNIrkareXIj

⇒karpøasbþÚr all-

trans-retinal eTACa11-cis-retinal nigRbtikmµGuIsUEmkmµén

nigRbtikmµGuIsUEmkmµén11-cis-retinal

RtUv:nCMrujedayBnøWEdlsæitenAy¨agCab´nwg opsin

Heng Savoeun/2008 9

vItamIn D(calcipherol)

• vItamIn D EdlsMxan KW vItamIn D2 nig D3

• karxVHvItamIn D kñúgdMNak´karlUtlaséneRKagqÁwgbNþaleGayekIt CMgW recket(eraKminZMqÁwg’ eRBaHrMxankarbMElgpUsVat nigkasüÚm

• karp<tp<g´ tamkarhUbvItamInedaypÞalk*:n rWhUb provitamin

k*:nEdr buEnþRtUvP¢abnwgkarRsUbBnøWelIEs|keGayRKbRKank*:nEdr buEnþRtUvP¢abnwgkarRsUbBnøWelIEs|keGayRKbRKan• karrkSaTuk‘kñúgCalikaxøaj’ :nry;eBl6Ex• karxVH minEmntamry;karp<tp<g´ provitamin minRKbRKaneT KW bNþalmkBIkarrMxandlkarbMElg provitamin eTACavItamIn

• mankñúgezøImRtI nigezøImstV ezøImRtI

Heng Savoeun/2008 10

vItamIn D

Heng Savoeun/2008 11

karsMeyaKvItamIn D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) BIcholesterin

• vItamIn D RtUvsMeyaKmkBIcholesterin (provitamin)

kñúgEs|k eRkam«TÆiBlénBnøWRBHGaTitüRBHGaTitü

Heng Savoeun/2008 12

vItamIn E (Tocopherol)

• vItamIn E CakMNtsMKalmYyRkumsMrab´vItamIn7y¨agtic Edllk¡N;KImIrbsvaecjmkBI tocol. edaykarbUkbEnæménRkum methyl eTAelI tocol eKEckCa α-çβ-ç δ-ç ∂-ç ε- nig tocopherol .

• vItamIn E RtUv:nsMeyaKkñúgruk¡Cati nigmaneRcInenAkñúgBnøkRKab´ZJ¦Cati‘BnøkRhUm¨g´ 200-300 µg/100g)

• tocopherol KWCaeRbgBN(el]g

Heng Savoeun/2008 13

vItamIn K

• RtUv:nsMeyaKeLIgkñúgruk¡Cati nigmIRkUsarJg<kaykñúgeBaHev[nmnusSeyIg. dUcenHkarp<tp<g´vatamry;Gahar minsUvsMxaneT .

• buEnþ karp<tp<g´tamGahar KWCakarcaM:c´ ebIkarrIklUtlasén:k´etrI kñúgeBaHev[nRtUv:nraraMgedayviZankarBüa:l‘GgTIbüÚTic’

• lTÆPaBkñúgkarsnSMTukk*tictYcEdr . dUcenHkarelceLIgnUvkgVH KW• lTÆPaBkñúgkarsnSMTukk*tictYcEdr . dUcenHkarelceLIgnUvkgVH KWbnÞab´BI24eTA48em¨ageRkay eBleyIgmin:nhUbvaBIGahar

• karxVHvItamIn K GacbNþalmkBIkarrMxanénkarbeJ©jTwkRbmateRJHGasuItTwkRbmatCaGñkTTYlxusRtUvsMrab´karRsUbykvItamIn K

Heng Savoeun/2008 14

vItamIn K manBIr• vItamIn K1 (phylloquinone) manTMrg´Ca 2-methyl-3-polyisoprenyl 1,4-

naphathoquinone

• vItamIn K2(menaquinone)manTMrg´Ca 2-methyl-3-phytyl 1,6-

naphthoquinone

Heng Savoeun/2008 15

vItamInrlaykñúgTwk

• vItamInrlaykñúgTwkEdlcaM:c´enaH rYmmanRkum B(B-vitamin)

ascorbinic(vitamin C) nig biotin(vitamin H)

⇒ biotin CakUGg´suImedaypÞal´⇒ vitamin C CakUhVak'T&rrbsGgsuIm⇒ vitamin C CakUhVak'T&rrbsGgsuIm⇒ B-vitamin CasarZatuedImsMrab´ykeTAsMeyaKkUGgsuIm

Heng Savoeun/2008 16

vItamInrlaykñúgTwkeQµaHeQµaHeQµaHeQµaH kUGg'suImkUGg'suImkUGg'suImkUGg'suIm Avitaminose tMrUvkarRbcaMézá tMrUvkarRbcaMézá tMrUvkarRbcaMézá tMrUvkarRbcaMézá tYnaTIclnkartYnaTIclnkartYnaTIclnkartYnaTIclnkar

B1 thiamine TPP beriberi(CMgWs¬wk)polyneuritis

ca. 1,5 mg prosthetic group

B2 riboflavin FMN, FAD dermatitis(RkmrEs|k) ca. 1,5 mg prosthetic group

B3 niacin NAD(P) pellagra(CMgWeBLak)nigRbB&nÆsrésRbsaT

10-30 mg cosubstrate

B9 folicAcid kUGg'suIm F megaloblast anaemie ca. 0,4 mg cosubstrate

Heng Savoeun/2008 17

B9 folicAcid kUGg'suIm F megaloblast anaemie ca. 0,4 mg cosubstrate

B5 pantothenic

acid

kUGg'suImA rMxandlkarbnþBUCSynarom

ca. 10 mg cosubstrate

B6 pyridoxine

pyridoxa-mine

PLP(pyridoxal

phosphate)

dermatitis,

nervous disorders

ca. 2 mg prosthetic group

B12 cobalamin DA-cobalamin Pernicious anaemie ca. 0.005 mg prosthetic group

C ascorbic acid shtþa xøÜnÉg scorbutCMgWs,bu)tnigexSayRbB&nÆkarJr

75 mg

B7 biotin kUGg''suImxøÜnÉg Dermatitis ca. 0,25 mg prosthetic group

vItamIn B1(thiamine)

• RtUv:nsMeyaKeLIgedayruk¡Cati nigmIRkUsarJg<kay• sMbUrxøaMgplitplecjBIRKab´ZJÃCati• manenAkñúgsMbkRsUv 2.3mg/100g

• mansar;sMxanNassMrabsac'duM EdleRbI pyruvate nig lactatemansar;sMxanNassMrabsac'duM EdleRbI nigCaRbPBzamBl

• karxVHvItamIn B1bNþaleGayekItCMgWs¬wk‘beriberi ’ nigQWk|al

Heng Savoeun/2008 18

• thiamine pyrophosphate

KWCakUGg´suImsMrab´RbtikmµdkkabUnecjBIBYkα-ketoacid (pyruvate,

karbMElg thiamine eTACa thiamine pyrophosphate

α-ketoacid (pyruvate,

α-ketoglutarate acid,

α-keto acid derivative

én valine, leucine

nig isoleucine’

Heng Savoeun/2008 19

vItamIn B2 (riboflavin)

• RtUv:nsMeyaKeLIgenAkñúgruk¡Cati nigmIRkUsarJg<kay BiesssøwkbEnø pSitdMEb‘yeast’ RtI TwkedaH nigezøIm‘3.5mg/100g’

• karxVHvItamIn B2 bNþaleGayekItCMgWEPñk‘RbRsIlÁk’ Rkmr rWRkhmEs|k nigrMxandlkarlUtlasEs|k nigrMxandlkarlUtlas

• KWCasarZatuedImsMrab´sMeyaKkUGg´suIm riboflavin nucleotide

• eKEckkUGg´suImEdlman riboflavin enHCa2Rkum KW flavinmono-

nucleotide(FMN) nigflavinadeninnucleotide(FAD)EdlcUlrYmkñúgRbtikmµGuksuIdUerdukmµRKb´srIrag<

Heng Savoeun/2008 20

TMrg; riboflavin coenzyme

TMrgrbs´ riboflavin .flavin KWCasmasZatuEdlmanrgVgisoalloxazine

- flavin mononucleotide(FMN,exµA)- flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD, exµAnigépÞemX)- mCÄmNÐlRbtikmµskmµKWRkhm

Heng Savoeun/2008 21

vItamIn B3 (niacin or nicotic acid)

• vItamInB3KWCasarZatuedImsMrab´ykeTAsMeyaKkUGgsuImNAD+

(nicotinamid- adenine-dinucleotide) nig NADP+

• vamanenARKb´Gaharruk¡Cati nigstV• karxVHvItamIn B3 bNþaleGayekItCMgWeBLak‘pellagra) nigrMxan

dlRbB&nÆsrésRbsaT . vamanenAkñúgezøIm 20mg/100g .dlRbB&nÆsrésRbsaT . vamanenAkñúgezøIm 20mg/100g .

Heng Savoeun/2008 22

tYnaTI NAD+ nig NADP+

• KWCakUGg´suIménRbtikmµGuksuIdUerdukmµ mann&yza vaCaGñkTTYlyk H2

• NAD+ nig NADP+ rgerdukmµeTACa NADHrW NADPH edaycabykeGLicRtug2nigRbUtug1BIsu)bRsþaEdlrgGuksuItkmµ

Heng Savoeun/2008 23

vItamIn B5 (pantothenic acid)

• RtUv:nsMeyaKedayruk¡Cati nigmIRkUsarJg<kaykñúgeJHev[n• manenAkñúg ezøIm‘40mg/100g’

su)tel]g‘10mg/1000g’sENþk‘2mg/1000g’sENþk‘2mg/1000g’

• karxVHvItamIn B5bNþaleGayrMxandlkarbnþBUC• karxVHvItamIn B5ekItmaneLIgedaykMr eRJHvasMbUrkñúgZmµCatiehIyCaBiess:k´etrIkñúgeBaHev[n k*GacsMeyaKva:nsMrabbMeBjesckþIRtUvkarEdr

Heng Savoeun/2008 24

muxgar• vItamIn B5cUlrYmkñúgkarbeg,ItkUGg´suIm A

Heng Savoeun/2008 25

vItamIn B6 (pyridoxine)

• CasarZatuedImsMrab´sMeyaKkUGg´suImpyridoxal phosphate(PLP)

• kñúgezøIm‘0.6mg/100g’saLat‘1mg/100g’emÞsepøak‘0.7mg/100g’emÞsepøak‘ ’

• karxVHvItamIn B6 bNþaleGayKaMgdl´karsMeyaKRbUetGuIn nigemtabUlIsGamINUGasuIt

Heng Savoeun/2008 26

vItamIn B12 (cobalamin)

• vItamIn B12 KWCavItamInEdlman cobaltkñúgmUelKul ehIyeKGacehAza cobalamin

• RtUv:nsMeyaKedaymIRkUsarJg<kay• ruk¡Cati nigstVminGacsMeyaKva:neT• ruk¡Cati nigstVminGacsMeyaKva:neT• mnusSGacrkSaTukvItamIn B12 kñúgezøIm:n 1mg

• kñúgsu)tel]g‘2µg/100g’ ezøImeKa 60µg/100g

• cMnYnEdlelIsRtUv:nbeJ©jecaltamTwkenam

Heng Savoeun/2008 27

TMrg;vItamIn B12

Heng Savoeun/2008 28

karsMeyaKkUGg;suImén cobalamin

• vItamInB12RtUv:neRbICasarZatuedImsMrab´sMeyaKkUGgsuIm2 KW5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin (DA-cobalamin)nig methylcobalamin

• bnÞab´BIRbtikmµerdukmµén Co3+ eTACa Co+ KWvItamIn B12GacTTYlbg<úMdeoxyadenosylBIATPrWk*TTYlbg<úMmethylBI S-adenosylmethionine

ATP CoenzymeDA-Cobalamin

Vitamin FADH2 and NADH Cobalamin

Cobalamin (Reduction) (Co+)(Co3+)

Methylcobalamin

Methyl-group

Heng Savoeun/2008 29

muxgarkUGg;suImén cobalamin

• 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin KWCakUGg´suImrbs methylmalonyl-CoA-

mutase ehIyvacUlrYmkñúgRbtikmµbMElg methylmalonyl-CoA eTACasuccinyl-CoA cMeJHkarrMlayén propionyl-CoA nigrMlay valine,

nigthreonine nig methionine

• methylcobalamin CakUGg´suImsMrab´sMeyaK methionine

Heng Savoeun/2008 30

vItamIn B9(folic acid)

• vItamIn B9‘LataMg folium = søwk’ RtUv:neKs<al´Ca pteroylglutamate EdlRtUv:nEjkykecjBIsøwkbEnøébtgtaMgBIenAedImqñaM1940mk• ekIteLIgBI pterin(2-amino-4-oxopteridine) p-aminobenzoic acid nig glutamate

TMrg´rbs pteridine ring system

Heng Savoeun/2008 31

karbegþIt tetrahydrofolate BI folate

• folate RtUvrgRbtikmµerdukmµedIm|Ibeg,ItCaTetrahydrofolateTetrahydrofolate

EdlehAza kUGg´suImrWsresrkatza FH4

Heng Savoeun/2008 32

vItamIn B7(biotin)

• RtUv:nsMeyaKeLIgedaymIRkUsarJg<kay nigruk¡Cati‘søwk’• kñúgEpøeckman 0.01µg/100g

su)tel]gman 0.3µg/100g

• edaysarvItamIn B7 RtUv:nsMeyaKedaymIRkUsarJg<kaykñúgeJHev[ntUckarxVHxatminsUvekItmaneT

•enAkñúgsu)ts man avidin‘RbUetGIunminnwgncMeBaHkMedA’ EdlGaccgP¢ab´•enAkñúgsu)ts man avidin‘RbUetGIunminnwgncMeBaHkMedA’ EdlGaccgP¢ab´nwgvItamIn B7. ehtuenH vaGacbNþaleGayxVHvItamIn B7

sJ¦aRBÜjenAelI N-atombgØajza N-atomCaGñkcgCamYybg<úMkabuksuIlskmµ

Heng Savoeun/2008 33

muxgarvitamIn B7

• Ca prosthetic group rbsGg´suImEdlcgP¢ab´nwgRbUetGuIn• cUlrYmkñúgkarcab´ykósµ&nkabUnic kñúgRbtikmµbMElg pyruvate eTACa

oxaloacetate nigRbtikmµbUkkabUnrbs acetyl-CoA nig propionyl-CoA

vItamIn B7cgsm¬&nÆCamYyGg´suImnig carboxyl :n carboxylbiotinyl-enzyme

Heng Savoeun/2008 34

vItamIn C(ascorbic acid)

• RtUv:nsMeyaKedayruk¡Cati nigstVmYycMnYnecjBI D-glucose

• znikstV sMeyaKvItamIn CenAkñúgezøIm• bkSI GMbUrkEg,b niglµÚn sMeyaKvItamIn CkñúgtMrgenam• mIRkUsarBagkayminsMeyaKvItamInCeT ehIyvak*minRtUvkarEdr• mnusSminGacsMeyaKva:neT BIeRBaHmnusSeyIgxVHGgsuIm• mnusSminGacsMeyaKva:neT BIeRBaHmnusSeyIgxVHGgsuIm• RbPBvItamIn CEdlsMxanCageKKWBYkbEnøébtgTaMgGs nigEpøeb¨ge:¨HEpøRkUc nigemÞsepøak

EpøRkUcqµar(50mg/100g) tMrgenam(40-50mg/100g)

ezøIm(5-15mg/100g) TwkedaH(2-7mg/100g)

Heng Savoeun/2008 35

muxgarvItamIn C

1- • manlk¡N;Ca reduced effect KWvaxøÜnÉgRtUvrgRbtikmµGuksuItkmµeTACa dehydroascorbic acid ehIy ascorbic acid nig dehydroascorbic

acid beg,It:nCaRbB&nÆerdukmµ ‘redoxsystem)

2- • ascorbic acid rWk* dehydroascorbic acid KWCashtþacMeJHRbtikmµGuIRduksuIlkmµGuIRduksuIlkmµó karbMElg proline eTACa hydroxyproline nigRbtikmµEdlCMrujeday

dioxygenase

Heng Savoeun/2008 36

vItamInC edIrtYkñúgRbB½nµerdukmµ

Heng Savoeun/2008 37

karxVHvItamIn C

• tMrUvkarRbcaMézásMrab´mnusSeBjv&yKW 75mg sMrab´kUnekµgKW 30mg

• kñúgeBlmanépÞeBaH rWk*manbnÞúkxøaMg‘stress’ k*dUcCamanCMgWRKunekþA ‘karrMlayvItamIn C ekIneLIg’ KWtMrUvkarekIneLIgx¬s• karxVHvItamIn C bNþaleGayekItCMgWs,bu)t‘scorbut) nigkarcuHexSayénRbB&nÆkarJrRbB&nÆkarJr• eraKsJ¦a bgØajnUvkarhUrQamtamEs|k nigGJ©ajeZµj• eraKsJ¦aenHelceLIg bnÞab´BImin:nTTYlTanvItamIn C ry;eBl BI4eTA5Ex• karxVHvItamIn C GacbNþaleGaysøab´

Heng Savoeun/2008 38