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W A N H ~ N ' Q ~ d ; H U M

~ h h 5 - 3 0 ~ tdh K W ~ N G KHuNG

sin tAng Ih tich ~ $ 1

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Gon trdng gi t u h g cl

Ba F c u h g k yCu cdu

Ngoi c i c be p

Chlrdng 6

CAU TAO SAN NHA

$1.- Khai niijrn chung

1.- R o phan'chinh :

Shn nhh lh bo phgn nam ngang duuc cau tao d6 phAn kh6ng gian ciia nhh thhnh chc tang I$u nham tang diCn tich sir dung Zr n h h g cao trinh khhc nhau trCn cbng met dicn

Sin nhh duuc tau tao v6i ba be phgn chinh :

1.1- Ket cau chiu luc :

G8m dam hoac d i n bang go, thkp, bet6ng cot thCp vh chc tau kien chkn kin kho6ng trong giQa ciic d$m, hoac chc tam panen hay tgm dan dlic san. Tohn bo s in ghc 1Cn d$u t u h g chju luc hoac khung chiu luc vh khdu do sE tuj, thuoc v$t lieu cgu tao kgt cgu.

1.2- Mat san (Idp phu) :

Cau tao bC mat hohn thitn dat tren tang k&t tau chju luc hoac trCn t$ng ciich Am hay trCn I6p chong tham, duuc thuc hitn v6i vat lieu 16t mat nhu gach, viin go, chat ddt...

1.3- Tran san :

Be phgn duuc cau tao Zr be mat du6i ke't tau chiu Iuc ciia sin, nham muc dich tang c u h g kh6 nang chch im, chch nhiet vh lhm cho be mat du6i ciia s in duuc phhng the0 yCu C$U my quan vh vt sinh.

Ngohi ra tuj, the0 yCu cau sir dung mh trong ke't cau shn cbn c6 b6 tri xen 13n trong ciic be phgn chinh chc l6p nhu :

a. L6p chong tham

b. L6p chch nhict

c. L6p chch Am

d. L6p ciich hui

d. L6p 16t : thuc hien khi shn n iy truc ti&p trCn mat dat nham tiic dung truyCn t6i.

2. YBu cgu cd bin :

S i n la k6t CAU chju lqc dBng thbi lai la vach cdng lam cho nha c6 du dQ cdng va i n djnh chn thigt theo p h ~ d n g ngang.

P h m n g an k6t c&u san va loai san phai dqa tr8n cd sh la san chju dadc tdt cac tac dong cd hoc do n e b i di lqi, do di chuy6n v$t dung, chuy6n djch v a ' v ~ n chuy6n hang h6a, chdng chju tac dongxAm thqc c6a acit, ki6m ... Giam thi6u tinh dhn nhi$t va truy6n Am, thuan ti$n vi$c b&o quAn, ve sinh phong 6c. Do d6, d6 bao dam an toan va sQ dung tdt, C$U tao san c&n dap dng cac y8u c&u cd bAn n h ~ sau :

2.:- Viing chAc :

Ngoai vi$c san chju t&i trong c6a bAn thAn cung tLfbng vach dgt trqc ti6p l8n san, tlleo y8u chu phAn chia phong 6c k6t cdu chju lqc cda san con ph&i du sdc chju chh ngc~bi, dung cu gia dinh hogc chc thi6t bj mhy m6c phuc vu cho con n e b i . Do d6 y8u cAu phai d i c&ng 66 va 66 cdng, bao dam kh6ng bj gay, sap gay nguy hi6m cho nwbi va h a hbilg vijt dung h ca t h g tr8n va tAng d~fdi.

2.2- Cach am va cach nhiet :

Dk bao dam su dung tot, tho% mai, cau tao shn phai giAi quy6't tot van d$ cach Am, cach nhiet dk khi di lai, 1hm viec vh nghi ngui b cac tdng kh6ng bi Anh h u h g 13n nhau.

2.3- Chong an mon va chong tham :

Tujr the0 vi tri vh tinh chgt ssir dung b m8i nui mh cac y6u cdu c&u tao co khic nhau nhu : shn nhh thi nghiem hoa chiit thi phii quan tam d6n giai phap ch6ng xAm thuc : s in nhh ve sinh lu6n lu6n tigp xuc vui nuuc thi cAn cau tao ch6ng tham, ch6ng dm vh chju mhi mon.

2.4- My quan va ve sinh :

Lh yCu cdu khong thk thi6u nham dAm bao sir dung vh bHo tri san nhu 18 c&u tao mat shn phAi d& Ihm ve sinh, kh6ng sinh bui.

3.- Phan loai :

Tujl the0 vgt lieu xay d q g , vi tri vh yCu cdu sir dung, mh moi loai shn sE duuc tau tao the0 dac tinh hoac yCu cdu khH nang chju tai cba no.

3.1- Theo vat lieu :

Co thd phAn shn thhnh cac loai : shn g6, shn thkp, s in bCt6ng cot thCp trong d6 s in bCt8ng cot thCp lh loai shn duuc sir dung ph8 bi6n hien nay.

3.2- Theo vi tri va s 6 dung :

- San tAng hhm, thng tret, tAng 1Au.

- Sail d ~ d i n6c, sari sAn thddng, bao ldn, loggia

- Sail bdp, ph6ng ve sinh

- San ph6ng th i nghiem, ph6ng m6 ... (H4 - 2).

I.- D+c di6m va pham vi s& dung :

11- V@t lieu :

KQt c6u chju 1u.c cua san bao g6m dAm shn v i cac ba ph$n phu thuoc sdbn chju sail du?c dung bAng v$t lieu g6 - Cac p l ~ & n khac 1111~ ch6m tram gi3a cac su.dn, n18t san c6 t116 thtic hien b5ng g6 host cac v$t lieu khic n h a gach, b&tbng ho$c thbp nh8in.

G6 lain dAin du'dc ngAm t im h6a chdt ph6ilg muc, in6i inot quht h5c in l6n r . 6 ~

diu g6i1 g i t hogc ch6n vao t~fhng.

21- Dgc digm :

Xugt phat t d d$c t.inh cua vat lieu cdu tao ma san gd c6 nhdng u'u va 1111Lf~c JiGm 1111~' sau :

&I dikiu :

" Nhe, ti6t giam duedc t r ~ i l g l ~ n g ban thAn cua sail

4: I<hA iliing d in h8i t4t, thu'c hi$n d6 va nhanh

* Vi: sin11 va d6 lam dep.

Nhu'gc digin : '

": D6 chay v i kh811g b&n l A ~ i , do do c6 y&u ciu C ~ L I tao cl16ng chay va xd 1y ch6ng 1116i mot, myc cho gd.

:I' C6 t116 bi rung nQu ghhp 116i lih8ng dung chch.

* Kllg~i d+ cGa dim bj han chQ, sdc chju tai ctia sail khbng cao.

31- Phgm vi SI? dung :

a- S i n g6 d ~ q c ap dung ;i mi&n niii hogc 6 dja p l ~ ~ d l ~ g c6 kha n2llg cung c6p g6.

b- Sail cho n h i tam thdi ho5c y6u chu shn c6 kha nBng dan h6i t6t n h ~ f san sAll