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History

of Language

Teaching Methods

A lecture course byDr. Por Zoltn

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Topic 1

Basic terms andfundamental problems

of foreign languageteaching

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Language Teaching is

common sense;common sense;

craft,craft,

science;science;

art;art;

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According to Kodly:

A musician needsA musician needs

earsearshandshands

brainbrain

heartheart

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Discuss in groups of 3Discuss in groups of 3

Why / what for do you thinka language teacher needs

ears?ears?

hands?hands?

brain?brain?

heart?heart?

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Language teaching is

very pragmatic, but

systematic;

coherent;

relevant;

You need

knowledge(s): explicit

implicit

skills: procedures

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Reasons for studying

the History

of Language Teaching Methods

Raising awareness of the past and

present and offering a view on thedevelopment;Opening perspectives on the

wisdom of he language teachingprofession;Outlining criteria to evaluate new

methods;

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The first scientific (academic) book

on Language Pedagogy

The Practical Study of Languages:

A Guide for Teachers and Learners.by Henry Sweet

London, Dent, 1899

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Best-known methods in L.T. (1)

Grammar-Translation Method > 2000

Direct Method > 100

Reading Method > 80

Intensive Method > 60

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Audio-Lingual Method > 55

Audio-Visual Method > 40

Community Lang. Learning > 40

Mentalist / Cognitive Method > 35

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Total Physical Response (TPR)> 35

Silent Way > 30

Suggestology/Suggestopedia > 30

Communicative Approach > 25

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Some basic notions

L1 || L2 . (Ln)

Basic language skills

Basic dilemmas in L.T.

13 indices (indexes) to describe a

method

The hierarchy of the method-concept

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Language 1Language 1

First languageFirst language

Native languageNative language

Mother tongue (Parents tongues)Mother tongue (Parents tongues)

primaryprimarystrongerstronger

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Language 2 Language (n)

Second languageSecond language

Non-native languageNon-native language

Foreign languageForeign language

secondarysecondaryweakerweaker

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Bilingualism

L1 + L2 + L(n)

dont make upbilingualism

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Basic language skills I.

sound

(Auditive)

letter

(Visual)

Passive Listening Reading

Active Speech Writing

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Basic language skills II.

Listening Reading simplexskills

Speech Writing simplexskills

Interpretation Translation complexskills

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Basic language skills III.

Comprehension

(L1 or L2)

Listening andreading

Communication(L1 or L2)

Speech andwriting

Mediation(L1 L2)

Interpretationand translation

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Basic dilemmas in L.T.

To use of L1 v/s not to use L1

(Yes or no?)

Awareness v/s intuition

(Learn or acquire?)

Forms v/s functions

(Know the code or communicate?)

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13 essential features

to describe a method

(1-3)

Basic dilemmas

1. L1 v/s L2 only

2. Awareness v/s intuition3. Forms v/s functions

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(4-9)Arranging language content

4. Pronunciation

5. Grammar (structures) 6. Vocabulary

7. Usage (Pragmatics)

8. All skills v/s one skill 9. Role / amount of translation

in the L.T. process.

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(10-13)

Teaching style

10. Student participation

11. Classroom control

12. Error-correction13. Feedback

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Hierarchy of the method-concept

(1)

Step (item, technique)

reading aloudFill in the gap

Repeat what you hear

etc.lps

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(2)

Process

Dialogue exploitationStandard dictation

etc.

eljrs

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(3) Method

A finite number of steps (algorhythm) inwhich the language contentand classroomteaching form are originally entwined toensure the necessary didactic phases forlearning and acquisition during the wholeprocess. Preparation Presentation Explanation

Practice Application etc.

PPP (PresentationPracticePerform) Methodologies

mdszer

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(4) Language Teaching Theory

A language teaching method orapproach which containsscientifically congruentelements(theories) ofLinguistics, Psychologyand Language Pedagogy.

e.g.:Structuralism + Behaviorism = Audio-Lingualism

Nyelvtantsi elmlet

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Language Teaching Theories

1 2 3 4

Linguistics Phonetics Structu-ralism

Trans-formative

Gene-rative

Grammar

Macro-linguistics

Psychology Asso-ciativePsy-

chology

Behavio-rism

Cognitivepsy-

chology

Socio-Psy-chology

LanguagePedagogy

DirectMethod

Audio-LingualMethod

MentalistApproach

Commu-nicative

Approach

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The Direct Sciences

of Foreign Language Education

(1)

1. WHO Personality of the teacherThe teachers stage Art of speech, appearance and personification,

interaction, communication, culture and tact

1. WHOM Personality of the student

c.f. Pedagogical Psychology1. WHAT Pedagogical Grammar

Lexicon, functions and scripts, cross-cultural phenomena

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The Direct Sciences

of Foreign Language Education

(2)4. HOW Methodology

Objectives, curricula, syllabuses Methods: processes and techniques Feedback: evaluation etc.

4. WITH THE HELP OF WHATTechnological (audio-visual)

background Realia, pictures, projected images, Audio-recordings, video-recordings Digital sources and tools (Information and

Communication Technology: ICT) etc.

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Supportive / background sciences

to the history of LT culture

History of Education andSchooling (nevels- siskolatrtnet)

History of Lingustics(nyelvszet-trtnet)

History of Psychology

(pszicholgia-trtnet) Didactics (didaktika) Educational Research

(pedaggiai kutats)

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Related sciences in Language Pedagogy

The Three Sisters

Linguistics (Applied Linguistics) Psychology (Educational

Psychology) Theory of Instruction

(~Didactics) (FLT Methodology)

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Content fields for language teachers

LT and LL are interdisciplinary

Language Linguistics

Applied Linguistics Language Learning

Psychology

Psycholingusitics Neurology Physiology of the brain

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Language Teaching Education

History of Education Pedagogy History of LT

Language Pedagogy LT Methodology Ethnomethodology

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Society Sociology Sociolinguistics History of Civilization

Anthropology

Geography Cultural Traditions

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The machinery of changesin relation to LT methods and approaches

OLDMETHOD

GT GT DM DM

INNER

CHANGES

PHONE

TICS

WORD

FREQUENCYSTUDIES

STRUCTURA

LISM

(STRUCT.)

BEHAVIORDISCR.P.T

OUTERCHANGES

+ INDUST

RIAL

DEVELOP.

+ SCHOOL

REPORTSON ACH.

+ WW II. + TECHN.

DEV.(LABS)

NEWMETHOD

DM RM IM AL

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The machinery of changesin relation to LT methods and approaches

OLDMETHOD

AL AL AL AL

INNER

CHANGES

AV

DEVICES INFLT

METHOD.

TG

GRAMMARCOGN.

STRAT.

PSYCHOL.

HOLISTICVIEWS

COMM. GR

NOT.FUNCCOM.COMP.

SP.ACT.TH.

OUTERCHANGES

+

RECREATIO

NAL L. L.

+ DEMAND

FOR ESP

+ PSYCH.T

INDIV.ISM

REV. CR. S

+ GLOBAL

VILLAGE

INT.LANG.

NEWMETHOD

AV MM/CM CLL

SU, SW

(TPR)

CA

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The drama of LT (1)

The object and environment ortopic

The characters (dramatispersonae) The process or stage

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The drama of LT (2) WHAT?

Nature of language Views on language

Linguistics

WHO?

The human factor Views on learning and teaching

Views on education

Educational Psychology

HOW? Views on language learning

Ways in language learning

FL learning and teaching methodology

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Components of the process (1)

LANGUAGE Rational / System

Irrational / Habit(s)

Natural activity Set of conventions

Means of communication

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LEARNER + TEACHER Age

Maturity

Aptitude

Set Attitude

Interests

Empathy

IQ Previous knowledge

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LEARNING PROCESS Drive and motivation

Repetition and extinction

Transfer

Inhibition

Documents

HistMethSum-1 (2005)