História RI Aula 1

8/9/2019 História RI Aula 1

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ORIGENS DA SOCIEDADEINTERNACIONAL EUROPÉIA

Da Tentados Has%est&'(ia

AULA )



HIST*RIA DAS RI

Com+"eende" as o"igens das RI na at!a(idade, s!asinstituições e s!as t"adi-.es/

Com+"eende" a con&o"ma-0o das instit!i-.es e o"gani$ainte"nacionais 1di+(omacia, a(an-o de +ode", soe"ania

Di&e"entes 13UITO DI4ERENTES52 co""entes/O+-0o +o" %atson como 6(inha mest"a7 cond!to"a da disci+(ina/P"eoc!+a-.es do %atson8 O es+a-o e as "e(a-.es na 6sociedadeinte"naciona( e!"o+9ia7 e s!a "e(a-0o com o 6(ado de &o"a7: a evo(da sociedade ; +"inc<+ios, +"'ticas, ca"acte"<sticas: a evo(!-0o dacom+"eens0o ace"ca da (egitimidade e da soe"ania: a +"o+ens0ohegemonia em di&e"entes +e"<odos



ESTADO E PODER

He"an-a medieva( ; a c"istandade cont"a os demais: +od+a+a ve"s!s no"e$a: g"andes &am<(ias +a"a a(9m de&"ontei"as: es&o"-os de !nidade 6naciona(7 =!nto ao im+eno >m da idade m9dia/

Estado 16Stato72 ; "enascimento/ !sca de a!to"iade e

(egitimidade +e(os novos +"<nci+es da It'(ia/ Conso(ida-0+ode" de &ato em +ode" de =!"e/ 3a?!iave( ; !ma +e"ce+"ea(ista do +ode": "e(a-0o com os +"<nci+es vi$inhos/



%ATSON CAP )@ ; TENTATIA HEGE3BNICA

DOS HASURGOS A "e&o"ma +"otestante ; id9ias 6"e+!(icanas7, (!cont"a o +ode" +a+a( "e(acionada # inde+endncte""ito"ia(/ !e"a da 6!nidade7 da c"istandadee!"o+9ia/

A cont"aF"e&o"ma cat(ica e a !nidade c"ist0 ; &amHas!"go (<de"

Uni"Fse aos Has!"go na cont"aF"e&o"ma eem



Es+anha8 !ni>cada +e(os 6+"<nci+es cat(icos7, (ide"ada +o" Cde Has!"go ; "e+"ess0o e e+!(s0o de +"otestantes

Ing(ate""a8 Resistncia ao cato(icismo, mas n0o ade"e ao+"otestantismo intei"amente/ 3omentos de domina-0o Has

ConJitos "e(igiosos (evam a conJito +o(<tico inte"no 1"evo(!-0ing(esa2/ No (imite, cada "ei tinha !m modo distinto de (ida" co?!est0o/

Sag"ado im+9"io "omanoFge"mKnico ; +"<nci+es conso(idadanEstados/ ) F cujus regio ejus religio.

Ho(anda ; no"te +"otestante !sca inde+endncia e ?!e"a a

com Has!"gos/ S!( cat(ico/4"an-a ; co"oa cat(ica conso(ida Estado sem a+oio aos Has; dissidentes cat(icos a(iados aos Has!"go: ca(vinistas+ode"osos se a"ma"am cont"a o "ei, c!(minando na +aci>ca-01edito de nantes ; di"eito de +"'tica "e(igiosa2



RE4OR3A M CONTRAFRE4OR3ASa(do ; "ea(ismo o! 6"a$0o de Estado7, mig"a-.es,comina-0o da id9ia de to(e"Kncia com a de !nidade "eem cada Estado ; o! se=a, to(e"Kncia 6+"a &o"a7 e !nidad6+"a dent"o7:



Has!"gos cominavam a +"esen-a em oa +a"te da E!"o+aa(ian-as cat(icas, os "ec!"sos das co(ônias e a 6(egitimidadeim+e"ia( cat(ica/

De&esa cont"a os otomanos 1inimigos ete"nos2 e a 6he"esia71inimigo inte"no2 em !ma (!ta conse"vado"a, !scando devo(

E!"o+a a !ma o"dem ante"io"/ Essa o"dem e"a medieva( no sede se &!ndamenta" na !nidade cat(ica so a g!ia do +a+ado

RE4OR3A M CONTRAFRE4OR3A



LINHA DO TE3PO ;ASOLUTIS3O E RE4OR3A

)) ; teses de L!te"oF dec/ )Q ;t"aa(ho de Ca(vinoem Gene"a

) ; Pa$ deA!s!"go 1Ca(os ve"s!s +"<nci+es

L!te"anos2

)@)@Q ; G!e""a dos anos 1secess0oho(andesa2

)@))@Q ; Guerra dos30 anos

)@Q ; Paz dWestfália/

T"atados de 3Osna"!c/4e"dinando III Has!"go 14emo""e! +o!co V!st"ia e 4i(i+eEs+anha: Rich4"an-a 1L!is M

)Q)@Q Cont"aF"e&o"ma

) ; Edito de Nantes 14"an-a2 a(g!nsdi"eitos aos h!g!enotes 1inc(!sive com

)) ; T"at/ deUt"ech



ALIANWAS E GUERRA DOS ANOS

Has!"gos ve"s!s Inimigos ; 4"an-a, +"<nci+es e "eis +"otestantes,a(ian-as est"at9gicas, inc(!indo os Otomanos/

G!e""a dos X anos 1)@) a )@Q2 ; cominava a dis+!ta "e(igiosa dis+!ta +o" te""it"ios/

6a(an-o de +ode"7 ; id9ia ge"a( +"esente nas a(ian-as cont"a osHas!"go, +"inci+a(mente a a(ian-a com os Otomanos/ Coo+e"a-0+"eoc!+a-0o 6deso"denadas7 com a conten-0o da tentativa hegemdos Has!"go/



RICHELIEU E A SOCIEDADEINTERNACIONAL EUROPÉIA O +"inc<+io n0o hegemônico da +a$ de %est&'(ia ; im+!(so # inde+endncia/

SOERANIA F Sociedade e!"o+9ia de Estados soe"anos

%atson 1+/ )X2 ; 6Inside France, Richelieu pursued a policy of consolidating

authority after the prolonged stasis of the religious wars, reapplying the

techniques of the Italian stato introduced by Louis XI. He held that to estab

state, meaning the eecti!e go!ernment of a "ingdom, it was necessary to

combine the concentration of power of a stato with the ac"nowledged auth

a legitimate "ing# and that indeed the "ing must be the personi$cation of t

state. His aim was to unify France under an absolute monarch, and to dest

eecti!e opposition, especially the forti$ed castles of the nobles and the g

of Huguenot cities that were designed to resist the "ing. %his was the polic

"nown asraison d’état

. In Italy "agione di stato amounted to a justi$catioany policy, including force and fraud, that consolidated a stato. Richelieu m



Po(<tica ete"na de Riche(ie! ; "aison dY9tat 6+a"a &o"a7Dent"o da 4"an-a o ca"dea( de&endia a (imita-0o do +ode" dosh!g!enotes 1mais ainda ?!e dos demais no"es2/

S!a +o(<tica inte"naciona( tinha como +"inci+a( +"eoc!+a-0o a de&econt"a os Has!"gos 1ainda ?!e (eg<timos e cat(icos2/ Logo, UAa(iado e"a !m a(iado cont"a a +"inci+a( amea-a ; a(io!Fse, +o"tant

mona"cas +"otestantes, e !so! da +"omo-0o da 6stasis7 de &!ndo"e(igioso/

S!s<dios >nancei"os aos a(iados: &o"ta(ecimento da di+(omacia/

Rea(ismo de Riche(ie! e conse"vado"ismo dos Has!"go8 P/ ) 6'Richelieu was concerned with the interests of the French state, the

of the Habsburgs was based on the maintenance of all the hereditarights assigned to them by (od, which ta"en together put them in a

RICHELIEU E A SOCIEDADEINTERNACIONAL EUROPÉIA



%EST4VLIA E A SOERANIA

Um cong"esso e!"o+e! ence""ando v'"ias dis+!tas e estae(ece!ma nova (egitimidade/

P/ )@8 6 The %est+ha(ian sett(ement (egitimi$ed a commonwealth of sovstates/ It ma"ed the t"i!m+h o& the stato, in cont"o( o& its inte"na( aZai"s ainde+endent ete"na(([/ This \as the as+i"ation o& +"inces in gene"a(]andes+ecia(([ o& the Ge"man +"inces, oth P"otestant and Catho(ic, in "e(ation toem+i"e/ The %est+ha(ian t"eaties stated man[ o& the "!(es and +o(itica( +"inthe ne\ societ[ o& states, and +"ovided evidence o& the gene"a( assent o& +to them/ The sett(ement \as he(d to +"ovide a &!ndamenta( and com+"ehencha"te" &o" a(( E!"o+e/ It a(so &o"m!(ated some gene"a( ideas \hich have eeechoed in s!se?!ent sett(ements and at the +e"manent cong"esses o& the o& Nations and the United Nations, s!ch as the medieva( condemnation o& tho& \a" and the need &o" a ne\ and ette" o"de"/7



%EST4VLIA

P/ )8 6The &"ontie"s se+a"ating the states o& these sove"eign\e"e c(ea"([ d"a\n, \ith a thic (ine: and \hat ha++ened insithat (ine \as &o" the gove"nment o& the state a(one to dete"mSove"eignt[, es+ecia(([ as it a++(ied to the +"inci+a(ities o& theem+i"e, (egitimi$ed the etension o& the conce+t o& cujus regireligio# the "eaF!+ o& the !nive"sa( ch!"ch \as no\ "eJecte

the "eaF!+ o& (a[ st"!ct!"e in E!"o+e/ In its em+hasis on these+a"ateness o& the E!"o+ean states "athe" than on the !nit[ Ch"istendom, and its "e=ection o& an[ idea that a +o+e o" em+had some !nive"sa( a!tho"it[, o" that a dominant state sho!(ddo\n the (a\ to the othe"s, the %est+ha(ian sett(ement \as ahegemonia(/7



ESTADOS EUROPEUS

X c(asses eme"gem de %est&'(ia8

F Estados soe"anos ; soe"anos de jure e de fato/

F Estados inde+endentes na pr*tica ; +a"tes do im+9"io "omage"mKnico, necessitavam de 6a!to"i$a-0o7 +a"a "eco""e" a g!

F Estados com instit!i-.es +"+"ias mas de+endentes/



PRETENW^ES HEGE3BNIC4RANCESAS O >m da +"etens0o hegemônica Has!"go oco""e! com &o"teem+enho &"ancs/ L!<s MI tenta a+"oveita" a comina-0o do6v'c!o7 e das a(ian-as e da inJ!ncia civi(i$aciona( &"ancesas

As antigas a(ian-as da 4"an-a ago"a se moi(i$am cont"a atentativa hegemônica &"ancesa/

)) ; T"atado de U"echt



P*SFUTRECHT

P/ )_ 6%hi(e 4"ance \as the st"ategic and c!(t!"a( &oc!s o& E!"o+e, Eng(and and Hecame the cent"es o& scienti>c, technica(, aning, ind!st"ia( and ma"itime si((sinnovative and so m!t!a(([ "ein&o"cing as to "e+"esent something ?!ite ne\ in th

This et"a dimension \as the achievement not o& the concent"ated +o\e" o& themona"chica( state !t o& an ed!cated inde+endent midd(e c(ass/ The ma"itime +ono\ a(so too the (ead in ove"seas e+ansion and co(oni$ation/ D!"ing the Has

&o" hegemon[ S+ain de"ived st"ength &"om the Ne\ %o"(d8 si(ve" &"om the Indies the hegemonia( side/ !t Lo!is did not inhe"it the o"de"([ division o& E!"o+ean ove+ansion et\een the Ie"ian +o\e"s: no" did he evo(ve a 4"ench g"and design o!t"eme"/ %hi(e the 4"ench had thei" o\n co(onia( vent!"es, the D!tch and Eng(issec!"ed the !( o& E!"o+eYs t"ade \ith Asia/ The D!tch &o"m!(ated a ne\ and disantiFhegemonia( "egime &o" t"ade, co(oni$ation and othe" activities o!tside E!"o+etended to the Indian Ocean the +"inci+(es o& no mono+o([, the o+en doo" and &o& the seas, \hich \e"e D!tch ideas ao!t ho\ to manage "e(ations et\een statE!"o+e/7



ESTADO M NAW`O

C"ia-0o do Estado ; !ni0o em to"no de !m nico co"+o +o(<tic

Na-0o ; t"ans&o"ma-.es sociais, inc(!indo a ed!ca-0o e acon&o"ma-0o (ing!<stica, a(9m da no-0o desoe"aniainde+endncia, im+acta"am na no-0o de "e(a-0o eEstado e na-0o, a+"oimandoFos 1mas ainda n0o +(enamente

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História RI Aula 1