Historicnost Milanskog Edikta_Krasic

8/13/2019 Historicnost Milanskog Edikta_Krasic

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Rad Hrvat. akad. znan. i umjet. Razred za dru. znan. 50=516(2013) : 1-51Stjepan Krasi: Historinost Milanskog edikta iz 313. godine

I. Rimsko Carstvo u kasnoj antici

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1

Up. a. Cm, Il tardo impero romano, M, 1995.; Ch. sc, Chronicle of the Roman Emperors,


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II. Dioklecanove reforme

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dc j u uu upj v m 40 v vj- v uv. omh vj p. gv pbm, m j jju v ub Cv, b u p pv bb.n m pv uj c u u mju v-vm. dc j h j Cv uu b m ub

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2. du, mj pbm b j pj jvj c-m pju. k pf vj, j j m v, h j p vu cu m u j Cvu v -

ju b u. shv j j pbj v pvj-

nw Y, 1999.; J. C, The Reign o he Emperor Probus, l, 2005.; P. suh, The RomanEmpire from Severus to Constantine, l & nw Y, 2001.; M. g, Gli imperatori romani. Storiae segreti, Roma 1984; r. rm, La crisi dellImpero romano. Da Marco Aurelio ad Anastasio, M,1975.; a. W,Aurelian and the Third Century, l & nw Y, 1999.; s. Wm, Diocleziano.

Un autocrate riformatore, gv, 1995.


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4. t vj v ju u b dc Mm u j p-pj v pmj. d 1. uj 293. p j uu vjcu uv- j u b v c vm vm.2t h pvu hu (vv). dc j vjm cm mv g (C.Galerius Valerius Maximianus),m t s (sc u dc, - sj u Buj)3pvjv mu upvu bm pvcm: M-m, epm, ahjm, im duvm pvcm jmu smu (sm Mvc). Mmu, j j upvu im jvm afm jm u Mu, j c kc v

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um cm, pm m m u Cv,m bu upju vcu u uju pv ujh pm v c, pjv up v upv p p vuuupcu v.52 C u m buu (potestas tribunicia) vhvu v (imperium), vu; m

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4 r u iu 250. nm Chlorus (b) u mu pvj. Uvv u mj vjc, b j pv u ub umju v pj. P upvm cau b j u p (protector), c Pb up j u buupravitelja Dalmace (praeses Dalmatiarum). Mm mu j mh p mvj cmpvj vj pv F u g jhvh v m uup ku(Cuu), j j v u mj B. kc j upj v Fcm jhvu puju bv b sjv m. Fc u b pj mv jjh p m puj.

5 g. C, Gli imperatori romani, t, 1994.; Y. l l Bhc, Armi e guerrieri di Roma antica. Da

Diocleziano alla caduta dellImpero, rm 2008; s. M, LImpero romano, B, 1973.


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v m pu bju jcu u jj u uu uupvh v j u vjm pvm vm v vj b h m pm bvm bjm vm jj v m-u b. t j gu u vju Vu, kc k 293.

j Mmvu pu tu (Flavia Maximina Theodora).6auuu mub v bm (fratres), c u v vm (lii), c u jh v vm (patres).7

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j mj h b m up u cj mj v bu hhu u jj j Jup b v b, Hu jv pm. sv Mmm u Mu 289. , j u jv vju vju cpcu c v: vm mu jmJovius(Jupvc) vj pp Jupvj bj, Mmvu j mu m Herculius(Huvc) pmHu. n j j h b p m b vjmh v vhv m b Jup upjvj ucm u j Hu Jupv b m pub. Jup j

b ujvjj b c vj, Hu vj jv vj.Mm, um m, pv u c. B j j mu u mu u vcu p bv jv Cv. svu pc m v bu p vj j v Ju-pv Huv. Upv v p m pcjm j vh jhv p.8

5. d u Mm kc k v p m pvmvjh puj ubu uuj pbu pv bb, u d-c g m p Bm puu iu. r-

v j j 293. 296. g p v pv kv, Bm kp

6 k eup u af ab p u Mm. t b kcm km b j p p b j j m vhu upv v c kc uum Mmm. kc j m pm m pu vjuvu Jm, jm j m k.

7 Up. eub, Historia ecclesiastica(= He) iX, 11. n jm pm pmu iii./iV. . jj u u c sv. M u Vc j 1204. C cv pvh (dc, g, Mm kc k) mb u p mubj u jv v pj mub v pv- b.

8

W. s, Diocltien et la Ttrarchie, i, P, 1946.


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u M P v u pbjm mh . U muvmu j d-c vj pc u nm m h u ep, j j

pbu pv m v. m ju j up uu, m j vpv Pc j u pv u amu p vjjm s. U-p h j ub pvv vjm 297. ub u Mpmu. U pm mu

j p g, j j vjv u P. zjm u mp c n (293. 302.), j m j b pj uup -pu Mpmu p pvc j b t, ppu ujcju am pp j m.

III. Tetrarha i okrutni progoni krana

1. Pbj Pcm jm j rmjm m m uv -mm m cm Cv v ph j m j mu pv jvju uh, mj vh, pbm. g 299. u vm v j j bj m um pujm: sjv m a c Cv m, j pvj ujc p pj . dcv uv h p , bmu m uu, pv jj pbm. Cu j pu- pv fm uuj j u mj. Pu j vv,v s b v v pv j pb C v(Concistorium principis) jmu j j u, j j pu ujpvc upv , cvu v p jvjj j pv mu, pu vju fmu. U pu jvhvbuhvh fm b j pj pm m.

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jh uh bv.9P mu b ju j jhv pm umm b v . Mum, jm j p pj ,

9 Up. g. dum, La religione romana arcaica, M, r, 2001.; r. Bch, La religione romana, u: Lereligioni del mondo classico, B, l, 1993.; J. Chmpux, La religione dei romani, B, i Mu-, 2002.; r. d P, La religione dei romani, M, ruc, 1992.; i, Dei e miti italici. Archetipie forme della sacralit romano-italica, gv, 1985.; k. ky, La religione antica nelle sue linee fonda-mentali, rm, ab, 1951.; U. lu,Miti velati. La mitologia romana come problema storiograco,

eCig, gv, 1996.; J. sch, La religione a Roma, rm-B, l, 2001.


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2. kv j u vm b u m upu. o mu, h j b m iii. ., jhv bj p m p dcvv pvu. Pm iV. . pvj u pb u uu-p vv Cv. Buph j b j 1.500, 800 900 u m u Cv, 600 700 u pm.10k j b p

cm Cvu, p cm vu, u su, vjc, vj upv,mu bm mm uvm m, p cm vu.i p cv pc p lc (Lucius Ccilius FirmianusLactantius)11, m u dcv Pc V b - u vu bm b .12i, v j -vj v h vvh p, uv pu u-v j upj . l u cv, hvjuju j vjj, p m mm bm, hh j uvv m u m mu m mu pm.

3.B j v, jv u, uhv jj j j v- dcu u m p. U pvm m vj v-v b j pm m. o j, p v, b vj pm- p. z j pv u pv jvju pjhpbm j u pv m uv. n uj vhc uvvj v vv, pvvj ph ,u pv jvju v vj pbm j j m ju-

10

l. v H, Die Zahl der Christen zu Beginn des 4. Jahrhunderts, u: Zeitschri fr katholische The-ologie58 (ibuc W, 1934.) 243-253; V. Mch, Il Cristianesimo da Costantino a Teodosio,rm, Pc Uv g, 1983., . 1.

11 r u afc. ov vm bbm. B j uj dcvu vu unm. o 300. b v. C k 317. j mv jjmvj j kp u tu. k pc c j v pm m

jm, mu j pbv v Cc. k p vm jmpm u bu pv ph p: Institutiones divinae De mortibus persecuto-rum (= dMP) u jmu j p ubu mh cv n dc j u p- v. dj u mu v pv v uvm p pj iii. pm iV. .

12 dMP 15.1. Pv v v j u u : lc, O smrtima progonitelja.Pv n.Cmb B. lu. sp, kjv u, 2005.; up. n. Cmb, dcv Pc

V, u: Rad Hrvatske akademe znanosti i umjetnosti,42 (2004), 1-18.


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m jv Cv. nmj mu j b pv upv c- m jmv p jv. i jvh pvmh

u p u mu m vmmm, b m uvm, j u v v um mh. t j 295. bu b u uhu m c, v uvm u13pv mhjc v j pp jmjum j v uv upvjju m m.14 j vmm p u vju m pm bv ju , v j ppv u bm

jv ub, b mu m bb, pv u,ppvjm jubv pm pjm pjm bhbv vj

v u u vjc, bjv vj b vj cvm . njv pm vu p mj u v m- u u sm v b p vu pm bvm u hv jvu pbju Pcm. svc u mu jv ub v j u u vju p b puvj vj j u m m b. s u v h v Cv v u mu vju pv bju. t 295. u num j p mu Mm up vjm vju, cu Mc um

vj vj pu j vju ubu v bjc pu-mj v Jvu Hcuu dc Mm. d c up v u v 298. 302. b pm vc jm ucv b p v bv.15Upv j j u cv j upvjvj u bv u vc bv (diis geniti et deo-rum creatores)j jvh ub mm vm.

13 U mm pvu ( edicere , , ) v u b (edictaleges edictales) pjh m jm u pv u v b . Pvj (ius edicendi) pu j pp mm j u m pb v

(imperium), u b u, p, upvj pjh pvc, c, bu vhvvc , pb , cv. Pv u pv um (edictio) jvj jup (contio), m jv vjm pbm m pm b bj jm

j b p cm bjm. M u b pu vj ub, m u ju pvu v (edictum perpetuum),j. m m m. C j u pb vhv v (imperium proconsolare imperium maius) m u pvuv m pvc j u b pvj jvj b pvc jm

j upvj (up. P. Bf, Storia del dirio romano, M, 1923.; P. d Fcc, Storia deldirio romano, ii p, rm, 1929.; r. of, Gli edii imperiali, u: Bulleino dellIstituto di dirioromano, uv 3 (1937) 210 q.

14 Up. k. Bu, Od praopine do ranokranske Velecrkve(V pv Cv, i. U H. J.), z-b, k j, 1972., . 426.

15

n. j., . 425-427.


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4. dc vjv vjm pvm vjcm, j u j- pv b pu pv mj. ob v

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bu m u pm m.17P j p mh Pcm. d 23. vj 303.

pf c pv j up jm upm vj phvj u u u cvu u nm, p j v j cv pj pu. d p b j bjvj pv c jm

v uj cv pjvj vh h j, pujh jc pj jhvh b m bjvupjj bvjj jvh ub, um m m v:

j b u cj ub, m j b v mu bv; uc mujm ub u ub pvc v , b u v p p-j v j u p b b uv u .

d j uu p p , j -mh b uh v pj. M b j p u cj p u n-m, u s j mu vm ubcm vjm pvjcm

pbu pv v v. i j u j b u ppm.18U dcvj pc b j mu bup am, bj u c u m u vm ucm. M u b uuh pcu. sv u, pm j mu jm b ju c pj u jjv vm, b pubj. C j, pv, m ppv bjj . sv j u b p v bvm bu , u u m v pvc, bcv u vj,16 dMP 9.17 g, j j dc u , j pvu m b v j u

u vm, j b vh vjh j u pj. o b vjj j b u bbv, uv mm u. i v u, j j jvmj pjc u uv b p pm kp, p j p u,pbj u nvu dcu. i mu vm: m m, bj j m u uju v. np, m, m m u vm j pbuvh u. i jv vm bj. [] Pm p jj bh p: j m v Mvm m j u rmu vju j mju rmuu c pjubcu m b b p pmm bv. (dMP 9, 1-10). n j g bv hu p, u b j. U mu u ujv m u, mu jm j

b f u b P, jv u mj pvc B H . (up.J. lb J. z, Dalla ne del IIosecolo alla pace Costantiniana (313), (Storia della Chiesa dalle originiai nostri giorni, ii), t, ec s.a.i.e., 1972., . 640-641).

18

eub, He Viii, 2,4; M. s, Il Cristianesimo e Roma, B, 1965., . 448.


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b u bv ub. suvm cv pvj eub Cj19 v puj:

C [g] b vj bm . s pmu v dc. nm, b pu uu u-vm pm, j j pmc pmu p u cj p. i j , u p jvm pjm, p j u pu vm mjm b pu m, j u b j uum m ub c j u b mp b v vpj u vj p, dc, j j uv u-v pcjv, pumj, j u v b pvj mh v mu v ju u jvj ub. o m j pj

u vm mu, b j vm ucm, pv vm u-cm u p, b v mu, p u u. njc u p , j m , j pvmum cvu puu. ovj j m b j j mu jv pmj c. n p , pv jpmu p; v j vj pu b pm, p v p-m. t j c u m, p ppm pu, ph j bu b b v pj. impv b b umj uu v, p vh, p j vju

Vu u Pu jvju vm. n v ujcj uu, j p j v p m, bhu pubj, vc pmc uh u b v pj, vm vjmv. lju p v b b u hv b p, v pj j j v b jhv mv u v -

j uv vm. Uu u mm mm v upu mu. Mj b p pu. nm, uc u - p vm hmvm v pjv vuju. tmc u b ppu,mj u uv v muj m b c pv,

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19 r 265. u Cj u P, um 340. v u ah u bup d -j u Cj, j j m uv u bu jcu o amc (185. 254.), v uj a. g. 313./315. p j bup . sujv j pvm cvm pm bu u ncj (325.) jmu j upu pv v cu k-u, jm j j v u pjm m pv 337. jv vp(Vita Constantini).au j bjh uh j p, m pv j: Demartyribus Palestinae; Contra Hieroclen, Apologia pro Origene . ob j p p ju PovestCrkve (Historia ecclesiastica) u 10 j jj uujm pvj vh uvmh j

cv p pv j mu j pbv v c cv hj.


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bvm. i Mmu kcu upu u pm pupju jhv mjj u vm v v. s

j Mm, vj pv mv, u i pu. kcj p, pvm h, puuj vh upj, j v, j u m pv p, pv hm Bj, j j u jum, j j.20

ruj h cv pjj jhvh vh j v j p -bu iu p mu m. t j v c 303. u, j j j v p m. em , mu ,v v p vvj pm bvm.sv vc bup, j b b p v j, bc u u mc,

j u pu bupm, pbm, m, m c-m mc v b mj. s j , j j -v upu pup pv : b p v pm bv-m, b j pu bu, b b, b j b mu mu.vm, pjjm, m, m u pj 304., v vm,

b vh m, vvj pm bvm21. Bj , b- iu, puju p gvm upvm, b u vm v-m muj pjj: bup, pb, b vjc.22Pj bj u iu, j u pubj bj bup, vc u

ju, mu jm vc ujh mu, u h b pc.2320 dMP 15-16.21 o m pvm u vjm v vm jm p vjuju lc eub. i

pj p u j vjm: P. a, Storia critica delle persecuzioni. La pre-secuzione di Diocleziano, i-ii, F, 1913.; H. F, Untersuchungen zur Dioklet. Christeverfolgung,g, 1928.; J. Mu, La perscution du christianisme dans lEmpire Romain, P, 1956.; W. s,

A propos de la passio Marcelli centurionis. Remarques sur les origines de la perscution de Diocltien, u:Melanges M. Goguel, P, 1950., 293-246; k. s, Der Politiker und die letzte grosse Christenverfolgung,Wb, 1927.; n. H. By, The Great Persecution (Cmb ac Hy 12), l,1929., . 646-677; a. rhm, Kaiser Diokletian und das Heiligtum von Didyma, u: Philologus93 (1938),74-84; J. sub, Vom Herrscherideal der Sptantike, su, 1939., . 84-89; P. B, Dalle persecuzioni

a Costantino, rm, 1960.22 U u Hj u tc b j ub bup Fp up pbm svm m H-mm; u suu : ap, Ch i . (up. J. J, Demetrio de Tessalonica, u: Bb-hc scum, 4, rm, 1964., 556-564).

23 U suumu u M ( Bu) v M, em s; u smubup ij (6. vj), v M vjm m Mmm, Hm, mh jvc dm (6. vj), p jmu j Mvc b m; uCbm ( Vvcm) bup eub pv P; u sc (su) bup kv; us bup dujm, v a, spm, bojadisar suknaa bj up mj F, V, Ju, Pu, ah, t . (up.Acta sancto-rum januarii, i, V, 1734., . 769; J. z, Les origines dans la province romaine de Dalmatie, P,1906.; , Les origines chrtiennes dans les provinces danubiennes de lEmpire romain, P, 1918., .

61-120; J.-M. su, Ermilio e Stratonico, u: Bibliotheca Sanctorum,5 (rm, 1965.), . 58-59; a. am,


14/52

14


g j v pv v u mu j u m vv j umj. U kpc Pu u b mu b

mv : pjm v jm v um j-m u umj u b pupc j u u. k u gv j uv j vv j f- u c , p u c . nu pmjjj u. Bj bup v u u mcm ucm u pp u Pu.24

IV. Previranja nakon Dioklecanove abdikace

1. i j dc b u vj v pm, u p-

j j uv v mj b u p upj fuc-: p j pu pvj bjj ppc. U umu 303. dc

j v pv 20. bjcu v upj v vvm um-fm u rmu. d 20. u Mm umf u u u rm v v um m j u vu . i jh u ,m, v v ubc. B u bj jv, fj u p c n, jvh jc. Pv j v m-m vjm vh v vm 310 mu mh .t j rm, bm vm, pv b v Cv. d-

c j u rmu v j. n b b uvj m j u rmj pm jmu. B j m j mu p j c upvu Cv j jv j rm p u u v, vj c v m hv pv bb. B j pu p r-v p v u nmu.

nupjh j j v u rmu, jvj vh vh pbm -p bb bb Cv jv u v v pmju c.i j b v 60 , j umm cpjm. ob

Quirino, u: Bibliotheca Sanctorum,10 (rm, 1966.) 1333.; i. d, Pollione, . j. . 1001-1003; g.rc, Lera dei martiri, rm, 1953., . 169-171. ou u m pc p j u ufum mmm: ku, k, smf, n smpc u u u b eup, j j p bc u dc vju puu ju b pvu. j p u sm b u h j j j hm pv (up. Acta sanctorum novembris, iii, Bux, 1910., . 748-784; n. Vu, Quelquesobservations sur la Passio sanctorum Quauor Coronatorum, u: Rivista di archeologia cristiana, 11/1934,156-159; J. P. kch, Die Passio der heiligen Vier Gekrnten in Rom, u: Hch Jhbuch 38/1917,72-97; H. dhy, tude sur le lgendier romain. Les saints de novembre, Bux, 1936., . 64-73; a.am, i qu C, u:Antonianum, 40/1965, 177-243).

24

Up. lc, dMP 15-16.


15/52

15


mu j p jc , u vm vjm pm bj vj, up vjvju v pj Cv: -

fm, mu bu mh , p c . njmjj m b vj pjm pj , j vh pv v up . sv mu j p, p , b b 304. , u pvu v p ppu mjvm ju. zb j v p p pu s u dmc, j j u mu mjv pv . d 1.vbj 305. u nm j b vju uu. P pjm vjmp vj p u nm u j b m vc v(diadema)pv h gu, j j p uum. njv j j-

b b c t Mm dju (Galerius Valerius MaximinusDaia), j vj , pvjv mu upvu b pvc.25i mv j c kcu ku Fv sv 26, jmu

j pvj upvu im, Hpm afm.27n mj vhujv v v, u Cvu j u pj pv -c jm u m upvj v v: kc k j gu,Bu Hpu, svu j ppu iu, afu Pu. g j Cv iu, Mm dj b j su, Pu ep.

n u p b b. k u pp m - u dcv fm, j jv uv h mh - u bju u. m u, m, pv uu ppu mj - cm, v u u pu j u b pvdcvm pjm v. sv j, , p u g, j uup pmj j u u vu bu vhu Cv. sv j p km (Flavius Valerius Constantinus)28,m kc k, j j25 r u dc 275. j gv , mu j v pu upjj vjj

pj . g. 308. p j uj g mu, up km, p v

uu. Upj j v pv Pc amc, jh mh v, ju b p u vju, j b pbj v Persicus ( jmu p: H.Cu, Studien zu Maximinus Daia, km, 1969.).

26 r u iu p u jj bj uv . k gv pjb j pv u mj vjc. dc j p pv b vj, pmj b pu, vv pcm, pu , pv u , u (lc, dMP 18, 12).

27 lc, 18, 8-15.28 k oko 274. u nu (nu u dc, j latiniziraniv m

n, n u sb). kc k H (Flavia Iulia Helena),vc jmj c, m dp u B. Buu j pripadnicu nieg drutvenogstaleakc m , v ju j j n b pmj. ip

pu pbu dcvu vu u nm b jv j.


16/52


17/52


18/52

18


V. Progonitelj daje slobodu progonjenima: Galerev edikt o vjerskojtoleranci

1. ouj p j dcvm upjm pj - bu jvm j m m pm bj. njvj Mm dj j j vm v pm, j-mu, vjc jvh ph, p um m pvp v. n u v b juc. B j h j u h p mu pu vju vju u pvv j pm vm35, j b m v h pjh u vj.Cv , hvjuju jm, j v j. n mj ub-h v bup p u u. Pmj juh

jh m j pv, v bj b um bm, u pjv p: uv m m pbum u pbj ju. Umj uvu pjju u , p u u , u,pvjj u pv p j j b jm m, bu, pv-u u. u p, j u pu bv pvmj pv , p jm , v jhvu juvu, pm pm u jm ucm. Jv mj p b-vj p p pv pj.36

gu, v, v m p. k mu j jv b. o , m, 310. p ppm pvuvc (20. bjc upj v), p j pbv p p b. lc, j u vm u nm, j,v puj.37

j v b j v, B p uvm vm, uv vjm, j m v hu jb (dMP 42,1-3). du, v pvj, vjju jvu m u 316. u. gv jv u m, m

b, v jj j b ub jv P V, j j, pvuv

305. u vju vu pu, v g u suu. k j 311. um g, lc jPu pvj jj , gvj uvc. n u su pbj Mmu dju Mu au, j u jv p v ( mu v u F. Bu, Dioklecan,zb, 1918.; , Palaa cara Dioklecana u Splitu, zb, 2006.; Dioklecan, tetrarha i Dioklecanova

palaa o 1700. obljetnici postojanja, sp, kjv u, 2005.).35 B j v bup j u, bju mu u, pv v j p-

v pm bvm, j p pv v u pv pv jhv pv pmj u Cvu. J pjc h pv j uj j j vj m j u ju (lapsi)bvjvv u Cv.

36 Up. V. Mch, Le persecuzioni nellimpero Romano e la polemica pagano-cristiana, rm, PUg, 1974.,. 273-274.

37

n jm u pjv mu u j . lc u .


19/52

19


2. rmjju pjcm vjh pup pv , juj v B. l mj pj u s, 30.

vj 311. j j :imp C g V Mm, npbjv auu, Vhv- sv, V Pbj gmm, V Pbj ep-m, V Pbj tb, V Pu Pbj smm, dv-u V Pbj Pcm, V u Pbj kpm, V Pbj amcm, V Pbj Mcm,V Pbj abm j j v pu b v bu-m vu, vu imp, m pu ku, oc dmv-, Pu imp Fv V k, B, s pbj-

v auu, Vhv sv bum vu, p pu imp, ku,oc mv, Pu, imp C V lc lc snpbjv auu, Vhv sv, p v pu bum vu, pu imp, ku, oc mv, Pu, m vjh p-vc. Pv.

Mu bm j uv jm b p v, v m v v v pv u u m m jvm mm bm, b u , j upu vju vjh c, v bj v. n jhv j-hv u b u v u v h bj j u uvpv umjj, u, p vm hu vj, v b u -m mjm vv . k, m vj m pju u u bjm h, m u b uv, m u u u b jv b uv vu vum. Buu m jh ujvju u vjj vv, vm

P b j, b pv v, p v v p u - v. kv b mum uvj. lj b pj pv. op b

vj. n p bv b u v b p j v p. o bb mv j b mu p, b p upv uv v. n j-vj j u p, hv uj v v v, j , v , j v . [] s vh v u v c, ju u pm. Pu u m, m ap ap ju . appp , b j bv j m. kj v b , v u j v b hv.Vj j pj p u ubu, v jc v. ip c upuj u j ju, pm j b b b m v b. zhvv , j p ubj buhv uuj; uu u v cv. n pjuujcu vj j vu uh m b p vu cv. [] t j j pvu ju u, bvm, b pj p B. U mumu p vh bv uvv b bv Bj hm vj

vju. ( dMP 33)


20/52

20


u v u vj bm bvm, u m v -vj m Bu, m m - v vjm pvm bu vj

vj vjm bjm p jm b pm vm jum - mpvm u vm uju pmm vj p puju - pv mju pv pj bvj vj bv mj -

jm b ju, p uvjm pv . Jm mum pmm v m u j mju pup. s u,u u vm m pm, u m v B vj, bb dv jh m, dv upj puj u vjmmvm mu m vj.38

g j um v p j (5. vbj 311.). nj-

vm mu pv j pv pc j jvh u uj pv rm Cv, jm j pm pj j pm vm p m p u.39njv ,j j m b bjvj u vm m vm vm pvc, p-uj p, fucu ju j v u vjj pc. C j, v, p j p ju j u pv b v bu- p pmj. B j pj p upjh u jju vj jv v m pv p . svju j

b, pvj p, ppv v B u

jv pup pv jvh vj. t j pvjj, uvjj j v pu j m u p u jm vm u jv p uv v. njv jv mju pvpj (licet esse christianos)b j pj upjh v pv u jj pc rm Cv. dpuj mub j, v uv vj b u cv (con-venticula) bj j m pj b uuvj bpvj vj j jvj cm mm u-m.zmjv j jv ju v u bu mb:

mju m v B vj, bb v jh m,

38 eub, He 8,17, 3-11; lc, dMP 34. kju c : u u ch cvcu u cmp u qu c cpm (up. J. Mu, Commento delcapitolo 34 del De mortibus persecutorum (suc ch, v. 39), . 38 q.; a. tu, Lditde tolrance de Galre et la question constantienne, u:Ai del X Congresso storico internazionale di Roma,F, 1955., 256-258; H. d, Wort und Stunde, i, g, 1966., . 16-18, 33-34; s. Cc,The Empire of the Tetrarchs. Imperial Pronouncements and Government, oxf, 2000., . 186 qu.; W.kuh, Das rmische Reich zwischen Krisenbewaltigung und Neuaau, Ffu B Bux nw Y oxf W, 2001.

39 Up. J. r. kp, The Edict of Galerius (311 A.C.) reconsidered, u: Revue belgique de philologie et dhi-

stoirei (1922.), 693-705.


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21


v upj puj mu m vj u vjm mvm. ku-u pv pv j v, v bv-

j pvj vu m v ucm mju vbu pvb j m .r m pm b j v umjv. s u

m hu. njhv vj v b m pvjjm(superstitio) bjm m (religio illicita) j j um uvmjm j v jm bu pvj. B u b p pv u vju ubu. z u mh u b pu bu, pv u p upj, b bvm vjh mu-. Cv j u j p j pv u p pu,

vj j b v mh. k u u vmu mu vj p Pv m j bu j jv pj u jhvj jj pv. u m p, vj h pv j m j j v- p, b vj. B j ujv u h uvjjm pvjv jhvu juvu pj u vj.40

gv j um jv pv pv v, pv ma-gna chartab Cv. i j um v c: g, lc, k- Mm dj, m v pjj pmu.41n pmu Mcv m j b m uupm. njm j j-

v v v v ub pv vju vjupu pm m j u b v m u pv vj-u u ub m . svh vj b j uvj u pu Cv pm vj. Buu B, pgvu uvu, p v m, b j, j jvmpm, p uv u m p b v jm bv v h j ju j v.42

3. Pvb v um uv vu b p. nzpu v , j u j j p v v uu c pv u p. uup Mc, j j b ju -h, h u vjj pm m u i jvjafc. z j j jv pj b b v u p- m m . n iu j b u. lc ju j vm pujupv b pbh j, jv c Mm dj, j j

40 k. Bu, . j., . 432-433.41 J. lb J. z, . j., . 659.42 ru j b 10 vh b h pv jm j b cj uj v

pj m v jv c .


22/52

22


bjvjvjm pmjm . n m j k, pbj- Mcm, p p zp, u iu

upuv dj hjv p pm43

, j dj pvu u jju v p zp v pv vup lc.44nu v j jm pm p- . Vjj pv u p b pm vm uvu uu . nmj mu j b pbu pv , pu cvu upcu Cv ju vm pu . lc v puj vjv p pm m: Mm bb v v p p u s epu. P v, u j m

j jmv vj b, puv pv v m pu p upj uu v. tm j p pv j vjm j m p. sv jhvm hjvm, uv j vu bu mvjjvh v, j v juh , j um vv p v vm jhvm bvm , ppmum vm ubm, bj b p vj j b upj, jv, pv. o u m v uh h pvv h pv ucm. n mu b vj, j pv

vj pvc p j v ju v pj j jm um pjvjuju jv u bu ju. spm p j v b u u m pujm. nm, pv j vjmcm b bjv ub Bj u, j vm pu h . t u fm v , c u , -v u.45Pu j uv u u cvu hhm mpvj hh46. Uj j p Pilatova djela(Acta Pilati),u jm jpu vu uu iu k47, hbv j v u jm u p- b u v jvj , v ubjm bup v-

. U dmu j j c v, p pjm muj, p pu jv u j ujv u vujmu u v u vjm cvm.48nmj mu j b v

43 lc p j gju pm p. s j h [pmju pj], p, b mu [ ] p , b pj up u mu (dMP 37, 1; eub, HeiX, 9, 12.

44 eub, He iX, 9, 14-22.45 lc, dMP 36, 1-7.46 n. j., 36-37.47 eub, He iX,5,1.48

Up. J. lb J. z, . j., . 659-663; k. Bu, . j., . 435-436.


23/52

23


mh pj . U B j, vv, uup. j j p amc, j u mhm p v,

pv pu u u, mu p um.49

n vj pc mv pbv j.

VI. Konstantin prvi kranski car

1. U muvmu j zpu uph ph pmj ju m v p vj j vu u pv. n ppuu v c pm v uu: mv Mc p k. J u u zpu m mj m

j. d ub mu jh m j p . icvu

bu vjm upm pu j k, j j vj phvu lcvu pu bv mu puuuu p v pvjvh pj, p v Mm dj, uu vj pu k-c. i Cm ( u fcuj pj a), j u -u, pu j vju 30.000 vj. U bm u p j ap u bm t V pv pjb h Mcu v bpu pm rmu. Mc j upv u vm v pu bjcu u -pj v. U rmu j b pbu pv j pubm , u k, m p b. d 28. p 312. j u -

uju b mu j k jvm pm rmu, mj-u vm Cv (Saxa Rubra),u pj b Mv m.i j Mc p m jm m, b j pu ubvm pm m pj v u c tbu pv p - mpv v m . k j p p zp-. sj umf j u u rm, j j s p uum pbjm (Maximus Augustus).t , bj vj pc b juuju u jvj . n vm pbjm puu pm uvjv upj j v pvu fu vjjm v p Cv jv af. s jm j p v bj u pv m rmCv v.5049 eub, He, iX, 8, 2-4; H. Cu, Der Armenienkrieg des Maximinus Daia, u: Jahrbuch fr Antike

und Christentum11-12 (1968-69), . 94-103.50 o mu pj v p u j j vj jbj j: a. ab, LEmpire

Romain(Pp Cv, iV), P, 1936.; J. eu, Histoire des Institutions de lAntiquit, P,1961.; g. g, La crisi dellImpero Romano, Pm, 1947.; s. M,Aspei sociali del quarto secolo,rm, 1951.; lcc, dMP 18 52.3; i , Panegyrici latini, ii, Xi, 20; C & J.Mhw,Atlantedel mondo romano, nv, 1984., . 172-173; g. C, . j., . 62; Ch. sc, . j., . 197-198;H. s, Die Verwandung des Christogrammes dur Konstantin im Jahre 312, u: Zeitsri fr Kiren-

gesite100 (1989) 149-168.


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24


2. U v kv vj ph rm pv j j j-h j u mj pv j j bj c jv v

pu Cv: bj u vju. eub p j vju buh v p m npbjv uc, v c, mu u mv b pm.51d j v pm b vc, v u u pp c vj bu vj vj m: (P vm pb). sj umu m k v mu pv vj (labarum)j b p vj u pu kvm mmm (m mb-cm h v X P). C j pu v u bu um pm j j vhu vc (crux coronata)u j

kv mm j k p vjjc. ip vc b u bj k jvh u v(kp, k ii. kc ii.)52. eub p j v u vu. sm vjm b pb.53

3. o kvu vju bju u vju pu bj u-vm pc pvj v j umu54: vjc p-h p: j 313., u 321. 55; cv pvjs (sc) V. .56, sm (sm) V. .57, F (Ph-u, 368. 439.)58 g C (gu Cyc) V. .59n jbjm jpu v u pmu lc eub C-

51 He 9, 3; i, Vita Constantini, i, 28-31.52 eub, . j., i, 30. s p j j lc: U u bu k pmu

v vjh vj v b Bj p bj. Puv j , j v X, u p vhu, vm k. tm mbu vj pb j uj (dMP 44, 5-6; H. s, . j., 149-168.

53 eub He iX, 9, 1-11; Vita Constantini, cp. 28-31). o mu p: th. km, Der bertri Konstan-tins des Grossen zum Christentum, z, 1862.; a. af, In hoc signo victor eris: Pccu, FestschriF. J. Dlger(M,1939.) 1-18.

54 sb h j C. kch u bc Enchridion fontium historiae ecclesiasticae antiquae, Fbu . B., 1965., .

363, 365, 391, 392, 453, 457, 716, 843, 915, 953. Pb v pv: H. sch, Konstantinsdes Grossen Kreuzerscheinigung, B, 1913.; i u: Zeitschri fr katholische Theologie(1916) 238-257,485-523; F. sv u: Civilt Caolica1913., ii, . 11 q; 385 q., 556 q.; 1913, iii, . 1 q; P. Fch Cv, Il labaro descrio da Eusebio, u: Studi romanii (1913.), . 61-86;Ancora del labaro descrio daEusebio, . j., 2 (1913.), . 161-230; a. af, Pccu, u Festschri F. J. Dlger), . 1-18; J. z uBy 14 (Bux, 1939.) 329-339; H. g, La vision de Constantin liquide, u: Byzantion14 (1939.) 341-351; eccp cc, iV, 722.

55 Panegyrici latini, Vi X; , . 363 392.56 Historia ecclesiastica i,2,5-10, u: Cuc, Les leres grecqes en Occident, P, 1942., . 347-349.57 Historia ecclesiasticai, 3, u: Patrologia graeca67.58 Historia ecclesiastica, fmum 6. u Patrologia latina65, . 456-638.59 Historia Concilii Nicaeni i, 4,1. . g. lchc M. Hm u: Die griechiscehen christlichen

Schristeller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte, XXViii, lp, 1918.


25/52

25


j. Pv j jh lc, jj jv j kp jj mu p 314. , u j pvj eub, Cj bup,

jmu j m k p vm p. njhv uvjv , v j um, uju u mpjm.60

t j j u pv jmu pj mjj umj. t u v j pjc m v j. M umjju k, j j uvm mu pv v, pu m mmm pv pj.

Mum, j j phv mjj p b p

b juv m pvu. U ppv-ju vjc pvj j u b v bu h bvj p v j umu j vj ju j m vm, p ujc-

jm h j kv v, bj bjm . t jpumj u j c, j j, p mu p eub u jvu v-pu, b vjv u (p)vj, j v j vjubuj j j m u vu um b suc, j pc, j u m uu b uuju jv pbvj p-jj vu, mu uu uv pj

pc.61n b v phvjv ju, b jc jv m k jvh jbh u j u m- m uv u pmu j. j u vmu mu , ?

jc j k u b Mv m 27. p 312.vm u b . d jv p uvj, pm j jv v j b p j puh 25 -. omh u u rm 29. u 312. , p bju, p kp , u p j, p vu hvcu vm mm

bu Jupu j pj s, j j b p. tm j h vju pbju uuj su Jupu jm um bu. P, j vm mm u (fumu) pv vj p m u j

60 eubu kvu vpu v mu j v m k p vmp p (Vita Constant, cp. 28 - 31; o. s, Gesite des Untergangs der antiken Welt,B. i, su, 1921.

61 o mu v. P. Fch Cv, Constantiniana (su , 171), rm, 1953. ( u vubu bbju); C. Ccch, Il trionfo della Croce. La croce e i santi segni prima e dopo Costantino,rm, 1954.;e. du, La conversion du Constantin , ltat de la question, u: Bulletindancienne lit-trature et darchologie chrtinnes 1953., 37-54, 84-100; k. Bhmy H. tch, Kirchengeschichte,i,

Pb, 1958., . 211.


26/52

26


uc pm: P vm pm u, pvm u , pm b v [Mc] bm v u

mm u jv jj.62

J m j j v u b Mcm. o j vj h pvj vjm vc kvm mmm vjj c.63i vj j bj mj ju j v 315. p c utcu.64sv cv pj 312./313. vj jvu bmpu pm vu.65B j uvj j v v j uv-

j v p u p. n j u vmu mub v, (u)u, vjj m uu ju mu .66t v. V j jv

uvjj j upv b. o pj jv vj k j-v B . o j mu vu vju pu, v j , b vj pm vu.

4. nm v vjb k, v uh, u -j pj bj. z j jv c kc k, p d-cvj m, b b huvc pp j up mhcv vj c jmv jv b C-v. n j kc m ujc u cuv p j 293. pu Hu v Mmvmpm tm. n u v j j m pm mjj j u vm b p, u j vju phv k-62 Hc u qu v vu , vm ubm yc m ju

bm vv. su ppuqu m bm pum cu bpmqu u (eub, He 9,9, 10-11; Vita Constantini, 1-40).

63 H. v sb, . j., 35-58.64 a. af, The Conversion of Constantine and Pagan Rome, l, 1948., . 4. k j

u m p v j j m. t j v 312. u pmupfu auu u jvj afc Cv v ju pju mvu (eub,He 10, 5, 15-15). U pmu Ccu, bupu k, p j vu vu vc pv -

vj v v u (. j., 10, 6, 1-5). n b j uk jvh ub b m pv cvm buju (k. Bu, . j., . 442-444).65 Up. V. V, Relazioni del Xo Congresso internazionale di Scienze storiche, ii (F, 1955.), 375-423; H.

g, La conversion de Constantin, u: Revue univ. Bruxelles36 (1930./31.) 231-272; , l u C cx, u: Antiquit classique1 (1932.) 135-143; W. s, La vision paennede Constantin et les origines du chrisme constantien, u: Mlanges Cumont(Bux, 1936.) 373-395; J.V, Die Bedeutung des Jahres 312 fr Religionspolitik Konstantinus d. Grossen,u: Zeitschri fr Kirchen-

geschichte61 (1942.) 171-190; J. Mu, Autour du monogramme Constantinien, u: Mlanges t. Gilson(P, 1959.), 403-414.

66 U kv vj umjju: J. Mu, Sur la vision de Constantin, u: Revue destudes Anciennes(Bux, 1953.) 307-333; H., g, La vision de Constantin liquide, u: Byzantion,1939., 341-357; M. dch, Le Labarum, P, 1894.; a. kp, u Historisch-politische Bler,1908.,

i, 183-199 .


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27


. Mum, 310. j vjm npbjv suc (Sol invictus),jb , u ap-suc (summus deus),j

s ep u vm vv c Hb (218. 222.) p urmu. o jvj mj m vj. eub - v jv mm.67eub p j kc bcvpm pvju j vhv b j p j vhvh u v b pj.68t, v, j b -. n jc j j, u p mm v jv bj, bvu b b m. n u v jv bj p m: j jv v a, u jkc b uvj . v vjjm j k-

vj pv m m v j mu j vj-u pbju Mcm. njmu vju j j mf Bb: ( m). du m j b upbjv u mcuB j (jj).69tj pjm pvv u jvm jvm u v-

jm j b v . k u u pvm p uu. t b j p vj jhv ju j vm v

bv dcvu vu u nm. n v h v, b b vju m, b u ju pb. t j jvjj b j,m j 306. vj jv c p uum, u j

vj c pm vjm m pcm, v h j bm u jvu pm uju, b u vjc.70U vm m ju p vm vcu j j p v pv u-j h phvv v u npbjv uc v.71Mum, jv u pm vu uj- 312., j u u v up Mc b juu zpu. Cvu j b jj bv j j jvmpbjm mm Mcm p vju pvu m. n j

jm v, m mu j b j mu b pu pv-

67 eub, Vita Constantini, 1, 17.68 n. j., i, 17; ii, 49.69 th. g. e, Constantiness Early Religious Dvelopment, u:Journal of Religious Studies15 (1989), 283-291;

F. Hm, La thologie de la victoire de Constantin Theodose, P, 1992.; k. Bu, . j., . 439.70 lc p j Konstantin, upj v, p v u u m

pu uju vj B (dMP 24,9).71 Up. J. Muc, Numismatique constantinienne, i-iii, P, 1906. 1913.; n. H. By, Constantine the

Great and the Christian Church(Pc h Bh acmy, 15), l, 1931.; e. schw,Kaiser Konstantin und die christliche Kirche, lp, 1913.; o. sc, Regesten der Kaiser und Ppste,su, 1919., . 159-184; e. s, Geschichte des sptrmischen Reiches, i, W, 1928., . 125-201;H. lm, Der Glaube Konstantins des Grossen: sub. . Puch am W-

ch, Ph. h. k, 29 (1937.).


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28


pu pu. k u pvj v j cj-up vv; u v u pu u u

ujv u bb v. Pu b pu uh jvvv b u v j. k j pm pm v uvu pu vj c pm m pm pm. t ju p vcu mbm bsuc j j v 327. zb mu b u u uv v pmj j b phv jv mj u p uv j juv dc. U vjj bb pv Mc m u p-u , j Mc m h p m j pm v m u b. zb jv vj pv v uj

m m j puv p .J j pv j m b j j uup. U vmu, bj jv p m. M j pj v : j pb Mc hvjuju vju u b, pvju pbju m hvjv Jupu Huu ku j p jm jh p mu j u hvu p p p-m, cv v pm .

VII. Milanski edikt ili Nikomedski reskript?

1. k j pbj Mv m u rmu vmjc bv jvpv u jh v. Pm 313. upu- u M, v p Cv, mj j j -

b m pv j vj p upjh h j vuv pjm p v lcm, jm j upjuv. njbj b j pj b v ujm vj p-u kc j.72z p v u b j b p pvju um mm v p, u pvm u

j uv pjm ju Mm dj pm m, up- gvu u u puh pvj vh , jm m j pjc u v. o mu j m v vp , mh pbj Mcm, upu hjv pm vj pm m. auu u pb vhph ph mj u pv pv pmjm vpv m m vjm. nu ppv v um. sv v um v.73

72 kc j b kc k t.73

J. r. Pqu, A propos du prtendu dit de Milan, u: Bysantion10 (Bux, 1935.) 607-616; H. n-


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29


o vh vh pj jv m j vbj v Mm dj,j h pm jcm j cm u u C-

uumu b u lc, pm jmu vj p-j. njv mj pm m m pum vpm lcu, j j phv u gv mc vjv u u u uv, j m bj u p-u m v jv. J j gv u b

j p u pm vm ubcm pvmbuv p . M p v b j, mjm pvjm v m v pmc, j p p . sv lcvu bu kvm p-

um u Mu, c j j jp u mpm jv puj bc v, m b, u uju upjh, j p c i. U u vhu pu j vju p l-c 80.000 vj, u v m pvc pbc j u-pu u p kc jc, u vm v Bp,j j u v B Hju.74

lc j, v jv mj p vj, mh puvb v 30.000 vj ph i uv p -vj v c. V u vpvm mju u v

pv, pu j pvm v u v p.k mu p um, u u ub. Bu j p vbj [1. vbj] 313., j p m bjc Mmvupj v, u ju mu bu pj. n Mm j m uvu u bjcu. np j u vju bjcu pv pbj p c i. U b Hj j uujub u jj j Mm b pu. Vj mu j um u m vj pupcm v v v b p p.75dj j, p-u u bvu ju, pbj u bu u j pv pup

vju pup. n lc j u pu p. o m p lc:

huf, Das Toleranzgesetz des Licinius, u: Historisches Jahrbuch der Grres-Gesellscha74 (k M-ch, 1955.), 44-61.

74 lc, dMP 45, 1-3.75 Mm hv u v p u j m. t b bc m vuv

bvu ju p jc. o jv vj j j pvc bjm pju, u p u b, j j m puj c h j pu m c. op [] u nmu u , j bj pj b uj u mj. tm j b u jcu m pc p j pu pm iu. n u kp-c j pup pbjh vj p juv u uv. t j p

ju [cu] ju (lc, dMP 48).


30/52


31/52

31


b v j v. a j p v mj b , h m b v m. i j u h up jm u

v mju , mu ju dbv, b mmju b jh pbu Mv. a v v m vjmpvm j jc p b v j. Buu jp u pjv m mj jm u bv u-pj, u, j pp jhvj jc j cvm, jm vju ujm v b v vj pv,pm p vm bm, v m m, j jhvj -

jc upjm, v j h b v, bhm v u. U vmu mu v bu v pmuj -

j jc (corpori Christianorum) pu vju jvu ppu b b p vj pu, b m m mu-u b u jv m. n j , m v bj,Bj pm m, ju m u u vm vm, vvm u phv pu u. a, j, b mh mvh b m p vh, vj p jv vj v v p b pvj bh- mu b p.

lc v j: n bjv v pm, lc

j j um pu upj mju v u pj j.t j bj Cv j bv p mjc. 77

eub Cj v j u m bm pjmuj ph:78

Buu m u p uvj vj b m , vmu m b pu, p vm hju pbu, u bm vm mu jbj v, m m [ um bu b] uv vju v vj.

Buu u m b u u p u jmu u pv pu- m bm, m u jh m p m b pu . k m j k, uu, lc, uu, u jp u Mu pvj v v j p b , mu m j m u bb mh p pv jv um v u vj

77 dMP 48.78 n pvj v b u u j lc eub pju

j vj pj b mj mju P (up. k. Bu, . j., . 445).


32/52


33/52

33


p j u bu pu jv m. n vj , m p v, b b , ju m v u u

mm vm, b pu. i b jm v p vuu b v up pb j v m p bu vup v buu up vhm p v vu

b b mu p.79

3. Mu pvjm pj pv m, bm, m-u lcv eubv u vm cm umu. J jvh v j uv u jmu pmj ppu pvjgv p j u pv v vc.80M

j b pv p . r vjj pju

j lcv b b mj vm m pujm: B P. l j lc, vjj j b mj -mju B, j eub mju P, j j b p pvju gv .

i v j j u u vj 313. u Mu b k - lc v pb pj vj b vm m-m m, b m, pvu Cv b uh u v-m dcvh gvh p, j v pv mcmu m v p vjj v. njhv j v u ju pbm j gv c. U umuj j mju j v km lc p-v vj b j v m b b vju pp, j jc (Cv), j u umu vCorpus christianorum Societas,p j u pv b jj pjpv pjvj b pj m (cvm, bj-m m) pv uh b bvh mj u pjjmpvu b b u u pvm vm vvu.Pvc j u u jhvu pju m u v u.

79 eub, He X, 5, 2-13. lc p j Mm p pbj u t. Vjv j u pj, p j v. eub v j Mm p m pv-mjj c (He iX, 11, 1-2). Pbj p vum pm Mmvjbj pjm. d j pub jvu u Vu, ju mju, dcvuuvcu Pu, mj Mm, jvu mju u, j uk, j j V p j m jc, j c Fv svsv (dMP 49, 2-7).

80 eub, He X, V, 2-3. o pmum m v: J. Mu, Les Lierae Licinii, u:Annales Uni-versitatis Saraviensis2 (1953) 100-105; s. C, Costantino e il Caolicesimo, i, F, 1962., .182-204; g. r. Pqu g. By P. lb, Dalla pace Costantiniana alla morte di Teodosio (313

395),(s Ch , iii/1), t, ec s.a.i.e., 1972., . 24.


34/52


35/52

35


u bj vj b up v. t j p v p - j v p.82

5. dum m, gv 311. lcv p 313. pu uj juv pv v pm um jmu bj u pv rm Cv Cv. Uj j - u pc Cv v j vm v c u pv.Pv u pu v jc cv b ub p pvm j vj u pjvj p- (cv bj) mj pbh v uvj, j pv b mv. d b b, v b ,v uc j j p, p vj pc -

vj hm cm j b mu, u p, m ph pup v v p. s vb p. d b j mu j u jmv jv v v, j b p vm v bj upv Cv.83

n b b vu v lcv um, mu pvj- ppuju p pv v j j bjv m.dum b mj cm Cvu, j b uj g-vm m. B j vj m ju bu, mj B, j

j j pj vjj pv Mm dj, p j, j u, gv . lc u vj m um uu zppj j v pj pv j v bvuj uj v jm v vju pju vj jhv p b u jvj pj b v up pm vm pm.gv j b pvpv p u pc Cv pm -m, pv pv pbvuju um vh u cv vhv v v bv c Cv. njhv pm b j up b pb j v , j j v p-j. lc k m ppvjju jv pjj j pvju jmu vj ju. k j jc upvm mu v b j mm cm m, u mj u jj j u v um. tb j m b

82 e. Ch, Les consquenses juridiques de ldit de Milan (313), u: Nouvelle Revue historique de droitfranais et tranger38 (1914.) 255-263; C. succ, Ledio di Milano nei riguardi del dirio, u: Nuovo bul-letino di Archeologia Cristiana,1913., 71-75; g. k, Die Rechtstellung der vorkonstantinischen Kirche,su, 1935., . 115-116; g. r. Pqu g. By P. lb, . j., . 25.

83

g. r. Pqu g. By P. lb, . j. . 25-26.


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36


pv u j. Pm muj v pv pu vlcv u u ju um b v u pp k-

u. zbvj j lc, u nm, vm u c, u Mu, j jv puj jm u u upvj jp dc, p g Mm dj j up b j juj.

6. o pvj v um u p j b m pv j. tc j hj, b u u b pbm puvju pb pv jc m -um, v 1891. u j j v u vj 313. k u Mu. Mum, pv vj c u-

h pvj jh j b u u u. Pv v um j b u vm b u Mu. Mu m pvj-m b o sc (1850. 1921.) , pf m pv h vum u Bu Mu j jvh uv b pv . o j, pvuv um ubjj pv--pvj , ju u j u, v,pm 313. pp k lc u Mu84 u m -

b bu pvj vj, j ju m j v p g.o m puj v u bu.85scv umc v j ,umj pmj vh vh pv-pvh mb , j vjm m up b.

n u v pvj mh phv scv umj. n pm vucm bm u umju j vum, bj M u pbjv u-mju j mu umj j 311. 313. b jv um. tu u j , up-uju lcv m j j Mm84

rp( . re-scribere v) v b v v. U pv-pvj -m rm v j pm cv v j pv pj pmubu v pv m m ubu pu.

85 Up. o. s, Das sogenannte Edikt von Mailand, u: Zeitsri fr Kirengesite12 (1891.) 381-386;H. g, La conversion de Constantin, . 261-264; J.-r. kp, Das angebliche Mailnder Ediktvom Jahre 313 im Lichte des neueren Forschungen, u: Zeitschri fr Kirchengeschichte40 (1922), 206-218;r.lquu, Die heiden Fassungen des sog. Toleranzedikts von Mailand: H. swb -

bch, rchb, 1927., . 132-141; a am, Da Diocleziano a Costantino(su cumh u 27 (1961.), 241-323; a. P, Lemprereur Constantin, P, 1932., . 91 qu; J. B.Pqu,A propos du prtendu Edit de Milan, . 607 q; M. a,Alcune considerazioni sul cosideoedio di Milano, u: Studi Romani13 (1965.), 424-432; M. a, La storicit dellEdio di Milano, u:Studi Romani2 (1954.), 18-32; eccp cc, V, 82; g. r. Pqu g. By P. lb, .

j., . 26.


37/52

37


dj86pv pm u mu lierae Licinii, jm v lc, lierae Constantini, jm v eub Cj.87n jhv mjj,

b b j mv, u ju bju u. i vj mu j v p j b b kv vu lcv mc ppj vm vjm -m.88jc j eub j pmj j j um b bjv-j. lc, j j u vm b u nm p j m bj ,pc j lc u m u pbj Mmmdjm. dum m, vm Mm u nmm pu.

scv umj j pup b b H. Grgoire,

j j j um up u Mu u nm upju 313. mu u k lc. tj j ju ,j jv j p lcvm, kvm upvm,p b m v v Mm, j mj m v Mmm. lc , , pv k, j u vjj jv vj pv mj j j p ub jm vm u pv uj v.89

Mjj vjc pvj vjm m u-p v u pj. i, j uv m h j j u

vjju v Mm u, pm , u v ujv, u bj pbv vm bm um j j mu pj.

86 Up. eub, He 9, 10, 7-11; a. Cvucc, Ledio di Milano, u: Studi Storici, i (1892.), 239-250; ,Intorno allEdio di Milano, . j.,4 (1895.) 267-273; J. W, Das Tolleranzreskript von Mailand 313, u:Konstantin der Grosse und seine Zeit(rmch Quch, supp. v. XiX), Fbu . B. 1913,. 40-65; P. B, l M, u: Bulletin dancienne lierature et darchologie chrtienne3 (1913.),

241-264; F. My,A propos de l dit de Milan,. j., 4 (1914.), 47-52.87 J. Muc, Numismatique constantinienne , ii, P, 1911., . lii; Bulletin de la Socit nationale desantiquaires de France,1913., . 349-354 ; J. r, Pqu,A propos du prtendu dit de Milan, .607-616;H. nhuf, Das Toleranzgesetzt des Licinius, u: Historisches Jahrbuch des Grres-Gesellscha (k-Mch) 74 (1955.) 44-61.

88 Up. g. r. Pqu g. By P. lb, . j., . 26; V. Mch, Il cristianesimo da Costantinoa Teodosio, . 8-13; P. B, La paix constantinienne et le catholicisme, P, 1919., . 239; e. s J.r. Pqu, Histoire du Bas-Empire, i, P, 1959., . 458; J. W, Das Toleranzreskript von Mailand:,u XIX. Supplmenthe der Rmischen Quartalschri, 1913., . 40-65; g. schy, Ledio di Milano edi recenti studi critici che lo riguardano(d Pc accm rm ach,s ii, v. Viii), 1903., . 149-179; s. C, . j., . 135-204; Das sogenannte Edikt von Mai-land, u: Zeitschri fr Kirchengeschichte12 (1891), . 381-388.

89

H. g, La conversion de Constantin, . 261-264.


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38


VIII. Konstantin kristanizira dravu

1. M v mu k lc nm p

u b j p jj. Pvj u m p jj - pj Cv. nu jh u vjc - p pju pm m. z lc mm-m pvm j u m b, k, j j j b pm cj , m pu u u vu v hpv j m j mjv . i j j v Pfx mxmup u ubjm pm mbm vjm vcu. nu jh vm jvjju p mb ( kv m-

m). t p zp v p vu u.90

V m vj mh pbj Mcm p v- uvj , j m pm j. Pv 312., u m bupm jh j o kb,eub nm eub Cj u vj u.k bup j u v Cv ( )91j vm v u Cv . nmj mu j b uvv u mjm uv Cv, p mh pp m uuj cv bvj. k j gv

c u jvj afc jb v cv, k pm p pv upv cv

jv j mu j b cu. njp j u rmu 313. jcv , j u au u g, jmu u pvpu ujv v p bup. Pu vjm m p -v upv cv jv. s j pup j u epu jb mcc vv cjp u Cv.92d

90 lc j, u k, m vm u p j pjcu

jhv p upv. V j 8. p 314. pv pu mu jh uub Cb ( Vvc) u P. i, up v v km 313., u 320. jvu puju b m ucjm pcm: b u pu vj v ub cm vu, b vjmv. lc j, u , b vj , vj pu m, vvj h b, u m ujvm u m . U mmu sb ub j 40 vj. n p u pj. imu vjc up j v ub: lc j pp j v p: Hp (3. pj 324.) Cp (18. uj), j j b bj u suu. opu vj vj, b j325. mu.

91 eub, Vita Constantini, iV, 24. eub v jm vm uv bup (. j., i, 44).92 Mc, bup lp u epu (+ 325./326.) b j pm u cvu jcu j u

u vm dcv pv j u p vj (lapsi). a


39/52

39


j pbm, v j u ncj pv p (um) b (325.) u pvCv.

2. ob j j jv u jm vvh b.n mu j b uj vu m mjm,

j Cv pbv v u jm mumh v u v . U u j vhu v j jc mj upjj

b u vm b u pvm vvu u uhu m v l-cm, m pjm v pjh mj v jm vh.P j c zpu j j h bj. njv h

j u rmu: 313. . p j pp Mcu u pu p ju b, mj vh cv, vj cv 93. s j

j vv pb b v. P vm buj-u vv b (319.), m j b v. Pv v h, j vu cv u jvj p u tu (324.) . n i-u j pbj lcm 324. u v vm vm vm p u vu cvu, jh u jv b kv j uBhmu (326.) b kv uu (Anastasis)u Jumu (328.).94numjv jv kv v phv b j vj 324. v v : nv rm (nv rm), pv k-pm, u j j 330. ub p j Cv.

n j v v j b u jv jm j p -cu jv v. B u hu p pvjm b -jv ju b. Pup j uv j u v jvp umjj. t c m p mh jvpbj Mcm, 313. p j v . Up p-m v lcm u Mu j j um p b: 313. vu j b u m j b ; 3.u 313. m m b m j p; 13. vbj 314.: mju pmjjv p m pv

j; 21. uj 315.: uh v mu b mum jm j j ju c v u Bju; 13. vbj 315.: p-

vcm bupm, j vj m j u pjjv. i j pj cj cv b (325.), jb j pvj V. ., jj ub.

93 B j pv ku spju, , mju pu, v. ivu pu.94 eub, Vita Constantini3, 25-29; J. Cmpu, De sacris aediciis a Constantino Magno constructis,

rm, 1694.; a. d W, Konstantins des Grossen Kirchenbauten in Rom, Fbu . B., 1912.; P. Mc-y, Die Konstantin-Kirchen im Heiligen Land, lp, 1923.; r. lc, Wanderings through ancient

Roman Cherches, B nw Y, 1924.


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40


m mm b b pj vju v; 13. vb-j 315.: cv pv bj j pm m cvm; 13.

v 315.: b p vv; 13. v 315.: bvj m p b; 23. vbj 318.: b vj; 23. pj 318.: -u bupm um mju u cvm puju;11. vbj 319.: b ubj vh bv upb u;31. j 320.: uu u cb; 31. pc 320.: bjc mu b vj; 3. uj 321.: jj, j Dies Solis, u kv uu pj Dies Dominica ; 16. vj 321.: - j p bj bv pvm pcum u cv; 3. pj 321.:jjm u mju b v; 3. pj 321.: Cv m pv p-

m v pu v; 321. bj u hupc (pmjub h vvh vj b pum Bj vj pv buu); 6. pj 322.: b pj jc; 25. pc 322.:b pjvj p v u pm hmvm; 324.:pv m pv mv j j b pj u vm gvvv; 324.: v ppm j h cv; 24. vj 325.: mh; 29. vj 325.: bj bv m b jj; 1.p 325.: b h ; 326.: Cv pj j h-

cm pjh b; 14. pj 326.: j muc m uu ubu; 13. vbj 329.: v pm jc mh j; 29.u 1. pc 330.: bup vc v vj ubcbju bv cvh ub .95sv j u ub vhvv p v u j b . tm j pm mj j v v Cv cppm.tj j uv v u ij Cv p j pmjjv m.96V

j pbm j jj m u uuu. i j u, b - j 324. pb lc v j uu, jvu

mju v j m v u jmu j b v p uv p v: j v, j c, j , m m j v b m cu mu u.95 P. P. Ju, La lgislation impriale et la christianisation de lEmpire Romain (311-476), rm, 1972.; B.

rp, Der Einuss des Christetums auf die Gesetzte zum Gefngnissen und zum Strafvollzug von Kon-stantin d. Gr. bis Justinian, u: Zeitschri fr Kirchengeschichte102 (1991), 289-306; J. V, Zur Frage deschristlichen Einusses auf die Gesetzgebung Konstantins des Grossen, u: Festschri L. Wenger, ii, Mch,1945., 118-148; J. gum, La lgislation religieuse de Constantin, u: Revue dhistoire de l glise de France33 (P, 1947.) 25-61; J.-J. V C, Indices dun mentalit chrtienne dans la lgislation civile deConstantin, u: Bulletin Association G. Bud14 (1955.) 65-90.

96

k. Bhmy H. tch, . j., . 214.


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41


n u jm uju j vj v jv vjp ub rm Cv.97

3. kv j gvm m 311. lcvm pm 313. pv v p b. Pb j jv uhv - pj u vj u vm ujm. Cv v m b -

j vju buu. n j jm ujm bb u rmm Cvu u v, b, pv , pvj v jvh c:u afc, mu puvm gmm, u am, P p i,j v u vm b p. n j vju bu b m j

jj j b j: puju j jj j b j v jv pv-. Buu j pp pbju.

k j um u upj vv b duhv22. vbj 337. u achyu nm, u mu j

bup eub nm p j p bu vj jb. P v b c m m bu hju v.98

kv u u rm Cv jju buu vumjv mjjv. njv j m vju v: upv j u rmm Cvu, b j jj p pv humm m uhm, pm v m Cv.n j u jm b v .99ob v pcjjuj pmu j u v: pmc j jv , cv,v u pvj pp bupm, fm vv, cv jv . n j, p v, b vj p j , v u, v p pcj c m. njv cppm u u p Cv, j j, muh pv, p u b. C jv p mu j pu.

97 C t sum m 380. p j u vju ubm vjm Cv, j v u mj m vmu bj pj jp

p pm bm m, pm jm pm m.98 n m jv bj v m pm j m p v Cv, pm j v j b Mv m u uvj .Pv vjj b u j pcj p Cv jv h u ubjv, p vj, pjub . b v jvu pu. k vmupu vhv v v p j pj p m: u

j b m v j u mu j puu, p v v bj: puc Mm-j, u Fuu, j kp, j j b , uv lc, j j bpu pcu bbm, .

99 o jvj u v u Cv pj u. i Cv uj v v-c: j pm p. njv b v 21. vbj up

bm jv mj J. zp mu j, mum, m mj v V (k.

Bhmy H. tch, . j., . 213-214).


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Mm dj, up gvu u, v pm p -. z j j um u Mu b vm.

lc j m pu vb v j j jv c Mm dj, jvm uu vbm uMu, u vm vjm vjj jv puj u mj bc v.100zb u jv v km m pju gv jvjj v.svj v pju j j pb v up u j 313. fm u bu p j j u nm.101

3. o c m Mm m u j p j j v v pj b u u

gv .4. U pv-pvj m v um v p-

m pm upum jj b m bju b, u v -m vm pvm pm pjm. U m uju um

j upu m mju B, cm Cvu. t j m v j: j jj b (mju B), uv j upbju m b (, b .), v vjm bm(lcu ku), uv j upbj pu b.

5. d vu u, vj j up gvmm. nju mu v pm m j u gvu u. z b, pv-pv , j um bpv v (lcvm) nmm pm pjm(kvm) Mm m.

6. o b mu um j eub l-c jvjj pju j lcv p b p mj-u P u mju bu.

7. U ju um c j hj p uj-

cjm eub Cj, uvm pvj, jv bf b pj ppv pju v juvu uu k-u. zbvj vu vju cv mumu j lcv puj. nm k- u vm b j m u pv Cv.i j m v vj pbm vm puju. m j pbjm Mcm p pbm jv zp, u

100 Up. lc, dMP 45, 6-8.101

V. Mch, . j., . 9-12.


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jvj bjh pbm u v m vm puju: mu jvj afc, mcm u epu, m pv pcu pv

u mv m, j vh u jhvu - ppj pv u pmj j, j cv,pm mm bupm .102

8. dum j j lc u m vj kv, b b fm-pvu u pj (jv, p ), m mu pvuv m v rm Cv buu cju-p uv: upv j vvu pv, u mcu p vjjv, buv p jvj vh ju, pv pv-, j u pvm . tm j pvj v pv

m pm m u v puvj vj b pv uv b m p mu, m pjm pjm.

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Historicity of the Edict of Milan of 313 A.D.

summy

am h hc yp h hv b p umu cc cc w, h yp f h ec f M fm 313 p-c pc. i h h c w u by h emp C h g fm h pcu Ch h rm emp. sm v h wh h c h m Chy h c f h mp.

o h cc f h 1700hvy f h cum, h uh fh cu b h hc vc fm h m, pmy fm hw f lcu eubu f C, h v cc uw h v ubjc h cm hc y. i

u h v pbm, h wh h pc u c-x f h hy f h rm emp h f h 3 h b f h 4hcuy. H y f h fm cuc by emp dc,pcy h bh f chy, huh whch h h c h u- f h emp u h ym f hc h p f h v-m, pv v, u uccfu f f h b f h vmp. dc bv h cu ccmph h c f h mp hw f pm by y h rm . H vmpcu h Ch wh, v h m, fm h f h ppu- f h emp w pc hh p wh h cy, h my,

v h mp cu. th Ch w ccu f vu cm hemp. Wh u w by pcu v. Fu c w u h mp c Chy fm h rm emp. th cu mhw u ccmph h. a dc bc 305, gu, wh wvy h ccmph dc , ucc hm. H, hwv, f hmp. Wh h u h u f h mh, mmy p hh, bhf f fu mp f h m, h u c (h hh mp- cum, whch w by f vy h mp) whh, f h m h hy f h rm emp, c h Chh h fy pcc h whu y f f b pcu,

h h h b fm hm w b u. th w pc h pc f h emp, bcm h b f pc f h rmemp. n h mp, hwv, w h h u gu c. th fu w vy p h e p f h emp, whemp Mxmu d cu wh h pcu f h Ch. tw uu-u v h pbm gu h (311): C lcu, wh m M y 313, h cc f lcu w C hf-C. th h, hy ch m h m uf h emp, pcy h cc wh h pbm f h pcu f hCh h e. a lcu h h y (313) qu h b f


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h C Mxmu d, h u ncm, h cp f h e pf h emp bhf f C hmf, w h fm f cp (emp p uc u w w c ubjc) h v f Bhy, wh h pcu w pc, h puu h v by gu c, h Ch hub w v pc. Wh h, lcu c h h fm f hCh v m by w hm fy h chuch vy, by h u f h fm hm, whh w w wby h mp by h vu. th hphy h f mb cb h cum C, cm h h u M, wh m v fm h ec f M. th uh f h cc cup f lcu x y ccu h h w em -p h u y cum M h mh b c c, bu h hw c f cp h lcu h u ncm bhf f C hmf. th uh ccu h cu wh m h h cumhu hfuy b c h rcp f ncm, h ec f M f by my h h x.

Keywords: h rm emp; my; mp b h iycum; cu f hbb; b w; dc fm; chy; rm ;Chy p h rm emp; pcu; emp guc c; M m f C lcu; emp lcucp u quy; C h Ch emp; C

w h fm f h rm cy.


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Historicnost Milanskog Edikta_Krasic