Hoa Huu Co Tap Hop Bai Tap

BI TP I CNG HA HC HU C

BI TP I CNG HA HC HU C

Kin thc cn nh:

I. THNH PHN NGUYN T:

1. nh lng C v H:t chy a(g) HCHC thu c

- Tnh khi lng cc nguyn t:mC = 12= 12

mH = 2= 2

- Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc nguyn t:%C =

%H =

2. nh lng N:mN = 28

%N =

3. nh lng O:mO = a (mC + mH + mN)%O = 100% - (%C + %H + %N)

* Ghi ch:

- Nu cht kh o kc (00C v 1atm):

- Nu cht kh o iu kin khng chun:

P: p sut (atm)

V: Th tch (lt)

R ( 0,082

4. Xc nh khi lng mol:

- Da trn t khi hi:

( (MA = MB.dA/B

Nu B l khng kh th MB = 29 ( M = 29.dA/KK

- Da trn khi lng ring a(g/ml): Gi V0 (lt) l th tch mol ca cht kh c khi lng ring a(g/ml) trong cng iu kin th M = a.V0

- Da trn s bay hi: Lm ha hi m(g) hp cht hu c th th tch n chim V lt. T tnh khi lng ca mt th tch mol (cng k) th chnh l M.Ha hi Cng iu kin VA = VB nA = nB

II. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC:Da vo khi lng hay (%) cc nguyn t. (x, y, z, t nguyn dng)

hoc = ( : ( : ( : (III. Lp CTPT hp cht hu c:1. Da vo phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t:

Hoc

2. Thng qua CTGN:

T CTGN: C(H(O(N() suy ra CTPT: (C(H(O(N()n.

M = ()n n =( CTPT

3. Tnh trc tip t khi lng sn phm t chy:

M 44x 9y 14t

m

Do :

Sau khi bit c x, y, t v M ta suy ra zDng 1: Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC

Bi 1. t chy hon ton 0,92 g HCHC thu c 1,76 g CO2 v 1,08 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC.

Bi 2. t chy hon ton 7,75 g vitamin C (cha C, H, O) thu c 11,62 g CO2 v 3,17 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong phn t vitamin C.

Bi 3. Oxi ho hon ton 0,6 g HCHC A thu c 0,672 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 0,72 g H2O. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A.

Bi 4. Oxi ho hon ton 0,135 g HCHC A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha KOH, th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng ln 0,117 g, bnh 2 tng thm 0,396 g. th nghim khc, khi nung 1,35 g hp cht A vi CuO th thu c 112 ml (ktc) kh nit. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A.

Bi 5. Oxi ho hon ton 0,46 g HCHC A, dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha KOH d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,54 g bnh 2 tng 0,88 g. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A.

Bi 6. A l mt cht hu c ch cha 2 nguyn t. Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,50 g cht A ngi ta thy to thnh 3,60 g H2O. Xc nh thnh phn nh tnh v nh lng ca cht A.

Bi 7. Khi oxi ho hon ton 5,00 g mt cht hu c, ngi ta thu c 8,40 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 4,5 g H2O. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong hp cht hu c .

Bi 8. t chy hon ton 2,50 g cht A phi dng va ht 3,36 lt O2 (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO2 v H2O, trong khi lng CO2 hn khi lng H2O l 3,70 g. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong A.

Bi 9. Oxi ho hon ton 6,15 g cht hu c X, ngi ta thu c 2,25 g H2O; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2 (cc th tch o ktc).

Dng 2: Lp CTPT hp cht hu c

Bi 1. Nilon 6, loi t nilon ph bin nht c 63,68% C; 9,08 % H; 14,14% O; v 12,38% N. Xc nh CTGN ca nilon 6.

Bi 2. Kt qu phn tch cc nguyn t trong nicotin nh sau: 74% C; 8,65% H; 17,35% N. Xc nh CTGN ca nicotin, bit nicotin c khi lng mol phn t l 162.

Bi 3. t chy hon ton 5,6 g HCHC A thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 3,6 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 28. Xc nh CTPT ca A.

Bi 4. t chy hon ton 0,30 g cht A (cha C, H, O) thu c 0,44 g CO2 v 0,18 g H2O. Th tch hi ca ca 0,30 g cht A bng th tch ca 0,16g kh oxi ( cng k v nhit v p sut). Xc nh CTPT ca cht A.

Bi 5. T tinh du hi, ngi ta tch c anetol mt cht thm c dng sn xut ko cao su. Anetol c khi lng mol phn t bng 148 g/mol. Phn tch nguyn t cho thy, anetol c %C = 81,08%; %H = 8,10% cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN v CTPT ca anetol.

Bi 6. Hp cht X c phn tm khi lng C, H, O ln lt bng 54,54%; 9,10% v 36,36%. Khi lng mol phn t ca X bng 88. Xc nh CTPT ca X.

Bi 7. T tinh du chanh ngi ta tch c cht limonen thuc loi hirocacbon c hm lng nguyn t H l 11,765%. Hy tm CTPT ca limonen, bit t khi hi ca limonen so vi heli bng 34.

Bi 8. t chy hon ton HCHC A cn va 6,72 lt O2 ( ktc) thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 5,4 g H2O. Bit t khi hi ca A so vi khng kh gn bng 1,0345. Xc nh CTPT ca A.

Bi 9. t chy hon ton 2,20 g cht hu c X ngi ta thu c 4,40 g CO2 v 1,80 g H2O.

1. Xc nh CTGN ca cht X.

2. Xc nh CTPT cht X bit rng nu lm bay hi 1,10 g cht X th th tch hi thu c ng bng th tch ca 0,40 g kh oxi cng k nhit v p sut.

Bi 10. t chy hon ton 2,85 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO2 v H2O theo t l khi lng 44 : 15.

1. Xc nh CTGN ca X.

2. Xc nh CTPT ca X bit rng th khi hi ca X i vi C2H6 l 3,80.

*Bi 11. t chy hon ton 4,45 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy gm c 3,15 g H2O v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO2 v N2 (ktc). Xc nh CTGN ca X.

Bi 12. HCHC A c thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t nh sau: C chim 24,24%; H chim 4,04%; Cl chim 71,72%.

1. Xc nh CTGN ca A.

2. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A i vi CO2 l 2,25.

Bi 13. Tm CTPT cht hu c trong mi trng hp sau:

1. t chy hon ton 10 g hp cht, thu c 33,85 g CO2 v 6,94 g H2O. T khi hi ca hp cht so vi KK l 2,69.

2. t chy 0,282 g hp cht v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl2 khan v KOH thy bnh ng CaCl2 khan tng thm 0,194 g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,80 g. Mt khc t chy 0,186 g cht , thu c 22,4 ml nit ( ktc). Phn t ch cha mt nguyn t nit.

Bi 14. t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 g CO2 v 0,09 g H2O. Khi xc nh clo trong lng cht bng dd AgNO3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 g AgCl.Bi 15. Phn tch mt HCHC cho thy: c 2,1 phn khi lng C li c 2,8 phn khi lng O v 0,35 phn khi lng H. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c trn bit 1,00 g hi cht ktc chim th tch 373,3 cm3.

Bi 16. t chy hon ton 0,9 g HCHC A thu c 1,32 g CO2 v 0,54 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 45. Xc nh CTPT ca A.

Bi 17. t chy hon ton 100 ml hi cht A cn 250 ml oxi to ra 200 ml CO2 v 200 ml hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut.

Bi 18. Khi t 1 lt kh A cn 5 lt oxi sau p thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut.

Bi 19. T genol (trong tinh du hng nhu) iu ch c metylgenol (M = 178 g/mol) l cht dn d cn trng. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metylgenol cho thy: %C = 74,16%; %H = 7,86%, cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN, CTPT ca metylgenol.Bi 20: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau:

a. Tnh phn nguyn t: 85,8%C; 14,2%H;

b. 51,3%C; 9,4%H; 12%N; 27,3%O; dA/KK = 4,035

S: C4H8; C5H11O2N

Bi 21: Tm CTPT ca mi cht trong tng trng hp sau:

a. t chy 0,6g cht hu c A th thu c 0,88g CO2 v 0,36g H2O v

b. t chy 7g cht hu c B th thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (kc) v 9g H2O. Khi lng ring ca B kc l 1,25g/l

c. t chy hon ton 10g cht hu c C thu c 33,85g CO2 v 6,94g H2O. T khi hi ca C so vi khng kh l 2,69.

S: C2H4O2; C2H4; C6H6Bi 22: t chy hon ton m(g) mt Hydrocacbon A th thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc) v 3,6g H2O.

a. Tnh m v % khi lng cc nguyn t trong A ?

b. Xc nh CTN; CTPT ca A bit

S: 1,6g; 75%; 25%; CH4Bi 23: Tm CTN v CTPT ca mi cht trong tng trng hp sau:

a. t chy 0,176g hp cht A sinh ra 0,352g CO2 v 0,144g H2O. Bit dA/KK = 1,52.

b. Phn tch 0,31g cht hu c B (C; H; N) th thu c 0,12g C v 0,05g H. Bit

c. Phn tch cht hu c D th thy c 3 phn khi lng C th c 0,5 phn khi lng H v 4 phn khi lng O. Bit

S: C2H4O; CH5N; C2H4O2Bi 24: t chy hon ton 0,9g mt cht hu c c thnh phn gm cc nguyn t C, H, O ngi ta thu c 1,32g CO2 v 0,54g H2O. Khi lng phn t cht l 180vC. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c ni trn ?

S: C6H12O6Bi 25: t chy hon ton 5,2g hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh H2SO4 th khi lng bnh tng 1,8g v qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th c 15g kt ta. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit

S: C3H4O4Bi 26: t chy hon ton mt lng Hydrocacbon A ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh mt tng 0,36g v bnh hai c 2g kt ta trng.

a. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong A ?

b. Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 0,965 ?

c. Nu ta thay i th t hai bnh trn th tng khi lng mi bnh ra sao sau th nghim ?

S: 85,71%; 14,29%; C2H4; tng 1,24g v khng i

Bi 27: t chy hon ton 10,4g hp cht hu c (A) ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh mt tng 3,6g v bnh hai c 30g kt ta trng. Khi ha hi 5,2g (A) thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6g kh O2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) ?

S: C3H4O4Bi 28: t chy 0,45g cht hu c A ri cho ton b sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th c 112 cm3 N2 (kc) thot ra khi bnh, khi lng bnh tng 1,51g v c 2g kt ta trng.

a. Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit rng 0,225g A khi th kh chim mt th tch ng bng th tch chim bi 0,16g O2 o cng iu kin ?

b. Tnh khi lng Oxy cn cho phn ng chy ni trn ?

S: C2H7N; 1,2g

Bi 29: t chy hon ton 3,2g mt cht hu c A ri dn sn phm qua bnh cha nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh tng 13,44g v c 24g kt ta. Bit dA/KK = 1,38. Xc nh CTPT ca A ?

S: C3H4Bi 30: t chy hon ton 0,6g cht hu c A ri cho sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d thy c 2g kt ta v khi lng bnh tng thm 1,24g.

a. Tm CTN ca A ?

b. Tm CTPT ca A bit 3g A c th tch bng th tch ca 1,6g O2 trong cng iu kin ?

S: C2H4O2Bi 31: t chy hon ton 2,46g cht hu c A ri dn sn phm qua bnh mt cha H2SO4 v bnh hai cha Ca(OH)2 d thy thot ra 224ml N2 (kc) v khi lng bnh mt tng 0,9g v khi lng bnh hai tng 5,28g.

a. Tm CTN ca A ?

b. Tm CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 4,242 ?

S: C6H5O2N

Bi 32: t chy hon ton 0,369g hp cht hu c A sinh ra 0,2706g CO2 v 0,2214g H2O. un nng cng lng cht A ni trn vi vi ti xt bin tt c Nit trong A thnh NH3 ri dn kh NH3 ny vo 10ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. trung ha lng H2SO4 cn d ta cn dng 15,4ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit phn t lng ca n l 60vC ?

S: CH4ON2Bi 33: t chy 0,282g hp cht hu c v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl2 khan v KOH, thy bnh CaCl2 tng thm 0,194g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,8g. Mt khc t 0,186g cht hu c thu c 22,4ml N2 (kc). Tm CTPT ca hp cht hu c bit rng trong phn t cht hu c ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ?

S: C6H7N

Bi 34: t chy hon ton 0,4524g hp cht hu c (A) sinh ra 0,3318g CO2 v 0,2714g H2O. un nng 0,3682g cht (A) vi vi ti xt bin tt c Nit trong (A) thnh NH3 ri dn NH3 vo 20ml dd H2SO4 0,5M. trung ha axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3 cn dng 7,7ml dd NaOH 1M. Hy

a. Tnh % cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c (A) ?

b. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) bit rng (A) c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC ?

S: 20%; 6,67%; 46,77%; 26,56%; CH4ON2Bi 35: Khi t 1 lt kh (A) cn 5 lt Oxy, sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi nc. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) bit cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut ?

S: C3H8Bi 36: t chy hon ton 100ml hi cht (A) cn 250ml Oxy to ra 200ml CO2 v 200ml hi nc. Tm CTPT ca (A) bit rng cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut ?

S: C2H4O

Bi 37: Trn 10ml Hydrocacbon A vi 60ml O2 (d) ri t. Sau phn ng lm lnh thu c 40ml hn hp kh, tip tc cho hn hp kh qua nc vi trong d th cn 10ml kh. Tm CTPT ca A ? Bit rng tt c cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut.

S: C8H12Bi 38: t 200cm3 hi mt cht hu c cha C; H; O trong 900cm3 O2 (d). Th tch sau phn ng l 1,3 lt sau cho nc ngng t cn 700cm3 v sau khi cho qua dung dch KOH cn 100cm3. Xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c ? Bit rng cc kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut.

S: C3H6O

Bi 39: Trn 400ml hn hp kh gm N2 v mt Hydrocacbon A vi 900ml O2 (d) ri t chy. Th tch hn hp kh v hi sau khi t chy l 1,4 lt. Lm ngng t hi nc th cn li 800ml kh. Cho kh ny li qua dung dch KOH d th cn 400ml. Cc kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Tm CTPT ca A ?

S: C2H6Bi 40: Trn 10ml mt Hydrocacbon kh vi mt lng O2 d ri lm n hn hp ny bng tia la in. Lm cho hi nc ngng t th th tch ca hn hp sau phn ng thua th tch ban u 30ml. Phn kh cn li cho qua dung dch KOH th th tch hn hp gim i 40ml na. Xc nh CTPT ca Hydrocacbon bit rng cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut.

S: C4H8Bi 41: t chy 5,8g cht hu c A th thu c 2,65g Na2CO3 v 2,25g H2O v 12,1g CO2. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng trong phn t A ch cha mt nguyn t Natri ?

S: C6H5ONa

Bi 42: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c cha C; H; Cl sinh ra 0,44g CO2 v 0,18g H2O. Mt khc khi phn tch cng lng cht c mt ca AgNO3 thu c 2,87g AgCl.

a. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c ?

b. Xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c bit ?

S: CH2Cl2Bi 43: t chy hon ton 1,5g cht hu c A ri dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng CaCl2 v bnh hai ng dung dch KOH th khi lng bnh mt tng 0,9g v khi lng bnh hai tng 1,76g. Mt khc khi nh lng 3g A bng phng php uyma th thu c 448ml N2 (kc). Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 2,59 ?

S: C2H5O2N

Bi 44: Tm CTN v CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau:

a. Phn tch A th thy: mC : mH : mO = 4,5 : 0,75 : 4 v 10 lt hi A kc nng 33g.

b. Oxy ha hon ton mt Hydrocacbon B bng CuO un nng. Khi phn ng xong thu c 1,44g H2O v nhn thy khi lng ca CuO gim 3,84g v .

S: C3H6O2; C4H8Bi 45: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau: Bit rng cc kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut.

a. Khi t 1 lt kh A th cn 5 lt O2 v sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi nc.

b. t chy 100ml hi cht B cn 250ml O2 to ra 200ml CO2 v 200ml hi nc.

S: C3H8; C2H4O

Bi 46: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau:

a. Mt cht hu c c khi lng phn t bng 26vC. Khi t chy cht hu c ch thu c CO2 v H2O.

b. t chy mt Hydrocacbon th thu c 0,88g CO2 v 0,45g H2O.

S: C2H2; C4H10Bi 47: t chy hon ton 0,59g cht hu c A cha C; H; N th thu c 1,32g CO2 v 0,81g H2O v 112ml N2 (kc). Tm CTPT ca A bit ?

S: C3H9N

Bi 48*: t 0,366g hp cht hu c (A) thu c 0,792g CO2 v 0,234g H2O. Mt khc phn hy 0,549g cht (A) thu c 37,42g cm3 Nit (270C v 750mmHg). Tm CTPT ca (A) bit rng trong phn t ca (A) ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ?

S: C9H13O3N

Bi 49*: t chy hon ton 0,01mol cht hu c (B) bng mt lng Oxy va l 0,616 lt th thu c 1,344 lt hn hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi lm ngng t hi nc, hn hp kh cn li chim th tch 0,56 lt v c t khi i vi Hydro bng 20,4. Xc nh CTPT ca (B) bit rng cc th tch kh o trong iu kin tiu chun v (B) ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ?

S: C2H7O2N

Bi 50*: Khi t 18g mt hp cht hu c phi dng 16,8 lt oxy (kc) v thu c kh CO2 v hi nc vi t l th tch l . T khi hi ca hp cht hu c i vi Hydro l 36. Hy xc nh CTPT ca hp cht ?

S: C3H4O2CC BI TON HIROCACBON

Ghi nh:

I. CC PHN NG DNG TNG QUT:

1. Gi CT chung ca cc hydrocacbon l

a.Phn ng vi H2 d (Ni,to) (Hs=100%)

+H2

EMBED Equation.3 hn hp sau phn ng c ankan v H2 d

( Ch : Phn ng vi H2 (Hs=100%) khng bit H2 d hay hydrocacbon d th c th da vo ca hh sau phn ng. Nu nH2O va nankin (chay) = nCO2 nH2O

Thi du : t chay hoan toan V lit (ktc) mt ankin th khi thu c CO2 va H2O co tng khi lng 25,2g. Nu cho san phm chay i qua dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c 45g kt tua. V co gia tri la:

A. 6,72 lit B. 2,24 lit C. 4,48 lit B. 3,36 lit

6. t chay hn hp cac hidrocacbon khng no c bao nhiu mol CO2 thi sau o hidro hoa hoan toan ri t chay hn hp cac hidrocacbon no o se thu c by nhiu mol CO2. o la do khi hidro hoa thi s nguyn t C khng thay i va s mol hidrocacbon no thu c lun bng s mol hidrocacbon khng no.

Thi du: Chia hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4, C2H2, thanh 2 phn u nhau:t chay phn 1 thu c 2,24 lit CO2 (ktc). Hidro hoa phn 2 ri t chay ht san phm thi th tich CO2 thu c la:

A. 2,24 lit B. 1,12 lit C. 3,36 lit D. 4,48 lit

7. Sau khi hidro hoa hoan toan hidrocacbon khng no ri t chay thi thu c s mol H2O nhiu hn so vi khi t luc cha hidro hoa. S mol H2O tri hn bng s mol H2 a tham gia phan ng hidro hoa.

Thi du: t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol ankin thu c 0,2 mol H2O. Nu hidro hoa ho toan 0,1 mol ankin nay ri t chay thi s mol H2O thu c la:

A. 0,3 B. 0,4 C. 0,5 D. 0,6

9.Da vao cach tinh s nguyn t C va s nguyn t C trung binh hoc khi lng mol trung binh

+ Khi lng mol trung binh cua hn hp:

+ S nguyn t C:

+ S nguyn t C trung binh: ;

Vi du 1: Hn hp 2 ankan la ng ng lin tip co khi lng la 24,8g. Th tich tng ng cua hn hp la 11,2 lit (ktc). Cng thc phn t ankan la:

A. CH4, C2H6 B. C2H6, C3H8

C. C3H8, C4H10 D. C4H10, C5H12.

Vi du 2: t chay hoan toan hn hp 2 hidrocacbon mach h, lin tip trong day ng ng thu c 22,4 lit CO2 (ktc) va 25,2g H2O. Cng thc phn t 2 hidrocacbon la:

A. CH4, C2H6 B. C2H6, C3H8

C. C3H8, C4H10 D. C4H10, C5H12Vi du 3: Cho 14g hn hp 2 anken la ng ng lin tip i qua dung dich nc Br2 thy lam mt mau va u dd cha 64g Br2.Cng thc phn t cua cac anken la:

A. C2H4, C3H6 B. C3H8, C4H10

C. C4H10, C5H12 D. C5H10, C6H12 Ty l s mol 2 anken trong hn hp la:

A. 1:2 B. 2:1 C. 2:3 (D. 1:1

Thi du 4: Cho 10,2g hn hp khi A gm CH4 va anken ng ng lin tip i qua dd nc brom d, thy khi lng binh tng 7g, ng thi th tich hn hp giam i mt na. Cng thc phn t cac anken la:

A. C2H4, C3H6 B. C3H6, C4H10

C. C4H8, C5H10 D. C5H10, C6H122. Phn trm th tich cac anken la:

A. 15%, 35% B. 20%, 30% C. 25%, 25% D. 40%. 10%

III. CC DNG TON HIROCACBON

Dng 1: Xc nh CTPT ca mt Hidrocacbon

( Phng php:

+ Gi CTTQ ca hidrocacbon ( Ty vo d kin ta gi CTTQ thch hp nht )

+ S dng cc phng php xc nh CTPT hc

Bi 1. Hirocacbon A c MA > 30. A l cht kh iu kin thng. t chy A thu c CO2 v nc theo t l mol l 2 : 1. A l cht no trong s cc cht sau:

A. butin-1

B. axetilen

C. vinylaxetilen

D. propin

Bi 2(C-08). t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO2 v 0,132 mol H2O. Khi X tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1:1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Tn gi ca X l

A. 2-Metylbutan.

B. etan

C. 2,2-imetylpropan.D. 2-Metylpropan.

Bi 3. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol anken X thu c CO2 v hi nc. Hp th hon ton sn phm bng 100 gam dung dch NaOH 21,62% thu c dung dch mi trong nng ca NaOH ch cn 5%. La chn cng thc phn t ng ca X.A. C2H4

B. C3H6

C. C4H8

D. C5H10.

Bi 3. t chy hon ton mt ankin X thu c 10,8 gam H2O. Nu cho tt c sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng nc vi trong th khi lng bnh tng thm 50,4 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X lA. C2H2.B. C3H4.C. C4H6.D. C5H8.

Bi 4. Khi t chy 1lt kh X cn 5 lt O2 , sau phn ng thu c 3 lit CO2 v 4 lt hi nc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X bit th tch cc kh c o cng iu kin v nhit v p sut.

A: C3H8 B: C3H8O C: C3H4 D: C3H6O

Bi 5. Cho 0,5 lt hn hp hirocacbon A v kh CO2 vo 2,5 lt O2 (ly d) ri t. Sau phn ng, th tch ca hn hp sn phm l 3,4 lt. Dn hn hp sn phm qua thit b lm lnh th tch cn li 1,8lt v sau khi cho li qua KOH ch cn 0,5lt kh thot ra (Cc th t]ch o cng iu kin).

a) Xc nh A.

A: C2H6 B: C3H8 C: C4H10 D: Cu B ng

b) % th tch ca A v CO2 trong hn hp u ln lt l:

A: 80 v 20 B: 70 v 30 C: 60 v 40 D: 50 v 50

Bi 6. t chy 400 ml hn hp gm hirocacbon v H2 vi 900 ml O2 (cn d) th tch kh thu c l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho hi nc ngng t cn 800 ml. Cho hn hp ny li qua dung dch KOH c th cn 400ml cc kh o cng iu kin. Tm cng thc phn t Hirocacbon.

A: C4H6 B: C3H6 C: C2H6 D: Cu B ng

Bi 7. t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon X ri cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt qua ng (I) ng P2O5 d, ng (II) ng KOH d thy t l khi lng tng ng (I) v ng (II) l 9:44. Vy X lA. C2H4.B. C2H2.C. C3H8.D. C3H4.

Bi 8. (C - 2007) Khi cho ankan X (83,72% khi lng cacbon trong phn t) tc dng vi clo theo t l mol 1:1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l

A. butan

B. 2- metylpropanC. 2,3-imetylbutanD. 3-metylpentan.

Bi 9. (KA 2007) Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Cl = 35,5)

A. C4H8.

B. C3H6.

C. C3H4.

D. C2H4Bi 10 (KA-07)- Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l

A. C3H8.B. C3H6.C. C4H8.D. C3H4.

Bi 11 (KB-07)- Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi i vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Br = 80)

A. 3,3-imetylhecxan.B. isopentan.

C. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan.D. 2,2-imetylpropan.

Bi 12 (KA-08)- Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Cng thc phn t ca X l

A. C6H14.B. C3H8.C. C4H10.D. C5H12.

Bi 13 (KB-08)-Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t cacbon bc ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO2 ( cng iu kin nhit ,

p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl2 (theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra lA. 3.B. 4.C. 2.D. 5.

7. Hirocacbon X c cng thc phn t l C6H6. Khi cho X tc dng vi Ag2O/ dd NH3 th thu c kt taY

c phn t khi l 292. Hy cho bit, X c bao nhiu cng thc cu to?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

6. Cho 0,1 mol hirocacbon X tc dng vi Ag2O/ dd NH3 thu c 26,4 gam kt ta. Vy X l:

A. CH2=CH-C(CH

B. HC(C-C(CH

C. HC(CHD. CH(C-CH(CH3-C(CH.Dng 2: Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng

( Phng php:

- Cch 1: +Gi ring l cng thc tng cht

+ Lp cc phng trnh i s tng cc d kin ( cc n s thng l ch s cacbon m,n vi s mol tng cht x,y )

- Cch 2: Gi chung thnh mt cng thc hoc (Do cc hydrocacbon cng dy ng ng nn k ging nhau)

Gi Ct chung ca cc hydrocacbon trong hh l (nu ch t chy hh) hoc (nu va t chy va cng hp H2, Br2, HX)

- Gi s mol hh.

- Vit cc ptp xy ra, lp h phng trnh, gii h phng trnh

EMBED Equation.3+ Nu l ta tch cc hydrocacbon ln lt l

Bi 1. Hn hp X gm hai ankan lin tip c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 24,8. Cng thc phn t ca hai ankan lA. CH4 v C2H6.B. C2H6 v C3H8.C. C3H8 v C4H10.D. Tt c u sai.

Bi 2.Hn hp 2 hirocacbon c phn t khi hn km nhau 14 vc .t chy hon ton hn hp trn ta thu c 5,6 lt kh CO2 ( ktc ) v 6,3 gam hi nc. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l:

A. C2H6 v C3H8 B. C3H8 v C4H10 C. C3H6 v C4H8 D. C4H8 v C6H12

Bi 3.Mt hn hp ( X ) gm 2 ankin l ng ng k tip nhau .Nu cho 5,6 lt hn hp X (KTC ) i qua bnh ng dung dch Brom c d th thy khi lng bnh tng 8,6 gam .Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankin l:

A. C3H4 v C4H6 B. C4H6 v C5H8

C. C2H2 v C3H4

Bi 4. em t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip nhau thu c CO2 v nc c khi lng hn km nhau 6,76 gam. Vy 2 cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l:

A. C2H4 v C3H6

B. C3H6 v C4H8C. C4H8 v C5H10

D. C5H10 v C6H12.

Bi 5. (KB-08)- Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ngA. ankan.B. ankaien.C. anken.D. ankin.

Bi 6. (C-07)- Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l

(Cho: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k)

A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH.9. Mt hn hp gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. Dn hn hp qua 100 gam dung dch brom 16% thy dung dch brom mt mu v khi lng bnh tng 2,8 gam, sau phn ng thy thot ra 3,36 lit mt kh (ktc). t chy hon ton hn hp kh bay ra thu c 8,8 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam nc. Vy cng thc ca anken v ankan ln lt l:

A. CH4 v C2H4

B. C2H6 v C2H4

C. C2H6 v C3H6

D. CH4 v C3H6 .Dng 3: Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon bt k

( Phng php: Gi chung thnh mt cng thc hoc (Do cc hydrocacbon c th khc dy ng ng nn k khc nhau)

Gi Ct chung ca cc hydrocacbon trong hh l hoc (nu va t chy va cng hp H2, Br2, HX)

- Gi s mol hh.

- Vit cc ptp xy ra, lp h phng trnh, gii h phng trnh

EMBED Equation.3+ Nu l ta tch cc hydrocacbon ln lt l

Bi 1.t chy ton b 10,2g hh gm 2 HC mch h no cn 25,8lit O2 (ktc). X CTPT ca 2 HC bit M hai HC 60.

Bi 2. Cho 4,48 lit hai HC thuc dng dy ng ng bng lng oxi va . Sn phm chy cho I qua bnh 1ng dd H2SO4 th khi lng bnh tng ln 12,6g bnh 2 ng dd Ba(OH)2 d th to thnh 50gam kt ta . Lp CTPT 2 HC bit 2HC u th kh ktc

Bi 3. t chy 4,48lit hh 2 HC no,mch h c t l v th tch l 1:3 .Sau p cho sp chy qua bnh ng dd Ca(OH)2 d th thy to thnh 45g kt ta. Tm 2 HC v % v khi lng bit cc th tch kh o ktc.

Bi 4.t mt hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon A v B c KLPT hn km nhau 28 vC th thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,5 mol H2O. Xc nh A v B.

Bi 5.Hn hp 2 ankan th kh c phn t khi hn km nhau 28 vc .t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp trn ta thu c 6,72 lit kh CO2( cc kh o ktc ) .Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan l

A. CH4 v C3H8 B. C2H6 v C4H10 C. CH4 v C4H10 D. C3H8 v C5H12

5. Hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon mch h. Dn 3,36 lt hn hp X (ktc) vo bnh ng dung dch Br2 d khng thy c kh thot ra khi bnh. Khi lng brom phn ng l 40 gam. t chy hon ton 3,36 lt hh X (ktc) thu c 15,4 gam CO2. Hn hp X gm:

A. C2H4 v C3H4

B. C2H2 v C3H6C. C2H2 v C4H8D. C2H4 v C4H6 .

2. Hn hp kh gm mt ankan v mt anken c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t v c cng s mol. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Mt khc cng m gam hn hp trn lm mt mu va 80gam dung dch Br2 20% trong dung mi CCl4. Cng thc phn t ca ankan v anken ln lt l cc cht no di y?A. C2H6 v C2H4.B. C3H8 v C3H6.C. C4H10 v C4H8.D. C5H12 v C5H10.

8. Hn hp X gm 2 ankin , t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp X thu c 0,17 mol CO2. Cho 0,05 mol hn hp X tc dng va vi 0,015 mol Ag2O trong dung dch NH3. Vy hn hp X gm:

A. CH3-C(CH v CH3-C(C-CH3

B. CH3-C(CH v CH3-CH2-C(CH

C. CH3-C(CH v CH3-C(C-CH2-CH3

D. HC(CH v CH3-C(CH.

13.(KA 2007) Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br2 gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l (cho H = 1, C = 12)

A. C3H4 v C4H8. B. C2H2 v C3H8.

C. C2H2 v C4H8.

D. C2H2 v C4H6.

14. (KB 2008) Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc).

A. CH4 v C2H4

B. CH4 v C3H4

C. CH4 v C3H6

D. C2H6 v C3H6Dng 4: Cc bi ton tnh khi lng th tch

(C-07)-Cu 25: Dn V lt ( ktc) hn hp X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt niken nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam brom v cn li kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 4,5 gam nc. Gi tr ca V bng A. 11,2.B. 13,44.C. 5,60.D. 8,96.

(KA-07)-Cu 14: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l (cho ..., O = 16, Ca = 40)

A. 20.B. 40.C. 30.D. 10.

(C-07)-Cu 2: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh (trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l

A. 70,0 lt.B. 78,4 lt.C. 84,0 lt.D. 56,0 lt

(KA-08)-Cu 40: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l

A. 1,20 gam.B. 1,04 gam.C. 1,64 gam.D. 1,32 gam.

(KA-08)-Cu 27: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l


(C-08)-Cu 28: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro lA. 12,9.B. 25,8.C. 22,2.D. 11,1.

I. XC NH THNH PHN NGUYN T (m, %)

1. Xc nh khi lng cc nguyn t c trong mA gam hp cht:

2. Xc nh % khi lng cc nguyn t c trong mA gam hp cht:

II. XC NH KHI LNG PHN T CA CHT HU C (MA)

1. Trng hp cho t khi hi:

2. Trng hp cho th tch phn t gam:

* Ch : Theo nh lut Avgadr: Hai cht khc nhau cng iu kin nhit v p sut, chim cng th tch chng phi c cng s mol.

III. XC NH CNG THC PHN T (CxHyOzNt)

1. Da vo cng thc GN m xc nh

2. Da vo thnh phn nguyn t m xc nh

3. Da vo phng trnh phn ng t chy

-Nu bi cho y cc t l trn ta xc nh c c th cc gi tr ca x, y, z, t

Xc nh cng thc phn t

-Nu bi cho thiu mt trong cc t l trn ta ch xc nh c t l ca x:y:z:t

Ch xc nh c cng thc GN.

IV.NHN BIT CC CHT HU C

ChtThuc thHin tng Phn ng

AnkanCl2/sSn phm sau P lm hng giy qu mCnH2n+2 + Cl2 CnH2n+1Cl + HCl

AnkenDd Br2Mt mu CnH2n + Br2 ( CnH2nBr2

Dd KMnO4mt mu 3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O ( 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

Kh Oxi Sp cho p trng gng2CH2 = CH2 + O2 CH3CHO

AnkaienDd Br2Mt mu

AnkinDd Br2Mt mu CnH2n(2 + 2Br2 ( CnH2nBr4

Dd KMnO4mt mu 3CH(CH+8KMnO4 ( 3HOOC(COOH + 8MnO4(+8KOH

AgNO3/NH3 (c ni 3 u mch)kt ta mu vng nhtHC ( CH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH ( Ag ( C ( C ( Ag( + 2H2O + 4NH3

R(C ( C(H + [Ag(NH3)2]OH ( R(C ( C(Ag( + H2O + 2NH3

dd CuCl trong NH3kt ta mu CH ( CH + 2CuCl + 2NH3 ( Cu ( C ( C ( Cu( + 2NH4Cl

R ( C ( C ( H + CuCl + NH3 ( R ( C ( C ( Cu( + NH4Cl

Toluendd KMnO4, t0Mt mu

StirenDd KMnO4Mt mu

AncolNa, K( khng mu2R ( OH + 2Na ( 2R ( ONa + H2(

Ancol

bc ICuO (en)

t0Cu (),

Sp cho p trng gngR ( CH2 ( OH + CuO R ( CH = O + Cu + H2O

R ( CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH

( R( COONH4 + 2Ag( + H2O + 3NH3

Ancol

bc IICuO (en) t0Cu (),

Sp khng p trng gngR ( CH2OH ( R( + CuO R ( CO ( R( + Cu + H2O

Ancol

a chc

Cu(OH)2dung dch mu xanh lam

AnilinNc BromTo kt ta trng

AnehitAgNO3 trong NH3( Ag trngR ( CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH

( R ( COONH4 + 2Ag( + H2O + 3NH3(

Cu(OH)2NaOH, t0( gchRCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + Cu2O( + 3H2O

Dd BromMt muRCHO + Br2 + H2O ( RCOOH + 2HBr

Andehit no hay ko no u lm mt mu nc Br2 v y l phn ng oxi ha kh. Mun phn bit andehit no v khng no dng dd Br2 trong CCl4, mi trng CCl4 th Br2 khng th hin tnh oxi ha nn ch phn ng vi andehit khng no

ChtThuc thHin tng Phn ng

Axit cacboxylicQu tmHa

( CO22R ( COOH + Na2CO3 ( 2R ( COONa + CO2( + H2O

AminoaxitHa xanh

Ha

Khng iS nhm ( NH2 > s nhm ( COOH

S nhm ( NH2 < s nhm ( COOH

S nhm ( NH2 = s nhm ( COOH

( CO22H2N(R(COOH + Na2CO3 ( 2H2N(R(COONa + CO2( + H2O

AminQu tmHa xanh

GlucozCu(OH)2dd xanh lam 2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 ( (C6H11O6)2Cu + 2H2O

Cu(OH)2NaOH, t0( gchCH2OH ( (CHOH)4 ( CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH

CH2OH ( (CHOH)4 ( COONa + Cu2O( + 3H2O

AgNO3 / NH3( Ag trngCH2OH ( (CHOH)4 ( CHO + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH

( CH2OH((CHOH)4(COONH4 + 2Ag( + H2O + 3NH3(

Dd Br2Mt mu CH2OH((CHOH)4(CHO + Br2( CH2OH((CHOH)4(COOH+2HBr

Saccaroz

C12H22O11Thu phnsn phm tham gia p trng gngC12H22O11 + H2O ( C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

Glucoz Fructoz

Vi saVn cC12H22O11 + Ca(OH)2 ( C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O

Cu(OH)2dd xanh lam C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 ( (C12H22O11)2Cu + 2H2O

Mantoz

C12H22O11Cu(OH)2dd xanh lam C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 ( (C12H22O11)2Cu + 2H2O

AgNO3 / NH3( Ag trng

Thu phnsn phm tham gia p trng gngC12H22O11 + H2O ( 2C6H12O6 (Glucoz)

Tinh bt

(C6H10O5)nThu phnsn phm tham gia p trng gng(C6H10O11)n + nH2O ( nC6H12O6 (Glucoz)

Ddch iotTo dung dch mu xanh tm, khi un nng mu xanh tm bin mt, khi ngui mu xanh tm li xut hin

BI TP TNG HP HIDROCACBON

CH 1: Xc nh dy ng ng ca hidrocacbon1. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h cng dy ng ng hp th hon ton sn phm vo 1,8 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,05M thu c kt ta v khi lng dung dch tng 3,78g. Cho Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch thu c kt ta v tng khi lng tng cng c 2 ln l 18,85g. T khi ca X vi H2 l 20.

Dy ng dng ca hai hidrocacbon l:

a. Ankin b. Ankadien c. Aren d. Ankin hoc Ankadien

p n ng: d

2. Cho hn hp kh X gm 2 hidrocacbon A, B mch thng v khi lng phn t ca A nh hn khi lng phn t ca B. Trong hn hp X, A chim 75% theo th tch . t chy hon ton X cho sn phm chy hp th qua bnh cha dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, sau th nghim khi lng dung dch trong bnh gim 12,78g ng thi thu c 19,7g kt ta. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi hidro bng 18,5 v A, B cng dy ng ng.

1) Xc nh dy ng ng ca 2 hidrocacbon

a. Ankan b. Anken c. Aren d. Ankadien

p n ng: a

2) Tm cng thc phn t ca A, B?

a. C3H6 v C4H8 b. C2H6 v C4H10

b. C4H8 v C5H10 d. C2H6 v C3H8p n ng: b

3. Mi hn hp X gm 2 hidrocacbon A, B ( thuc mt trong 3 dy ng ng ankan, anken, ankin) s nguyn t C trong mi phn t nh hn 7; A v B c trn theo t l mol l 1:2. t chy hon ton 14,8g hn hp X bng oxi ri thu ton b sn phm ln lt dn qua bnh cha dung dch H2SO4 c, d; bnh 2 cha 890ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M th khi lng bnh 1 tng 14,4g v bnh 2 thu c 133,96g kt ta trng.

Xc nh dy ng ng ca A v B.

a. Ankin b. Anken c. Ankedien d. Ankan

p n ng: a

4. t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X vi mt lng va oxi. Dn hn hp sn phm chy qua H2SO4 m c th th tch kh gim hn mt na. Dy ng dng ca hidrocacbon X l:

a. Ankin b. Anken c. Ankedien d. Ankan

p n ng: d

5. Cho 2 hidrocacbon X v Y ng ng nhau, phn t khi ca X gp i phn t khi ca Y.

a) Xc nh cng thc tng qut ca 2 hidrocacbon.

a. CnH2n 2 b. CnH2n + 2 b. CnH2n 6 c. CnH2np n ng: d

b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X v Y, bit rng: T khi ca hn hp ng th tch X v Y so vi kh C2H6 bng 2,1.


c. C3H6 v C6H12 b. Cu C ng

p n ng: d

6. t chy V (lit) hn hp kh X iu kin tiu chun gm 2 hidrocacbon to thnh 4,4g CO2 v 1,8g H2O. Cho bit 2 hidrocacbon tren cng hay khc dy ng ng v thuc dy ng ng no? ( Ch xt cc dy ng ng hc trong chng trnh).

a. Cng dy ng ng Anken hay cng dy ng ng xicloankan.

b. Khc dy ng ng: anken v xicloankan.

c. Khc dy ng ng: ankan v ankin ( s mol bng nhau)

d. Khc dy ng ng: ankan v ankadien (s mol bng nhau )

7. t chy hon ton 2,8g mt hp cht hu c X ri cho ton b sn phm hp th vo dung dch NaOH th dung dch ny c khi lng tng thm 12,4g, thu c 2 mui ny c t l 1 : 1. Xc nh dy ng ng ca cht X.

a. a. Ankin b. Anken c. Ankadien d. Ankan

p n ng: b

8. t chy hon ton 2,8 cht hu c X bng 6,72 lit O2 (ktc) ch to thnh kh CO2 v hi nc c th tch bng nhau trong cng iu kin.

a) Tm dy ng ng ca hp cht hu c X.

a. Anken b. Ankan c. Ankadien d. Kt qu khc

p n ng: a

c) Nu cho 2,8g X ni trn vo dung dch Br2 d th c 9,2g sn phm cng. Tm cng thc phn t.

a. C5H10 b. C4H8 c. C4H10 d. Kt qu khc

p s ng: a

9. t chy 2 lit hn hp hai hidrocacbon X, Y th kh v cng dy ng ng, cn 10 lit O2 to thnh 6 lit CO2 ( cc th tch u ktc).

a) Xc nh dy ng ng ca 2 hidrocacbon?

a. Ankan b. Anken c. Aren d. Ankadien

p n ng: a

10. t chy hon ton 24,64 lit (27,3oC; 1 atm) hn hp kh X gm 3 hidrocacbon ng ng lin tip, thu sn phm cho hp th ht vo mt bnh nc vi trong d thi khi lng ton bnh tng 149,4g v khi lc thu c 270g kt ta trng.

a) Xc nh dy ng ng ca 3 hidrocacbon

a. CnH2n 2 b. CnH2n + 2 b. CnH2n 6 d. CnH2np n ng: a

b) Xc nh cng thc phn t 3 hidrocacbon:

a. C2H4, C3H6 v C4H8 b. C6H6, C7H8 v C8H10

b. C2H6, C3H8 v C4H10 d. C2H2, C3H4 v C4H6 p n ng: d

CH 2 : Xc nh CTPT CTCT ca hidrocacbon

Dng 1:Hn hp hidrocacbon cng dy ng ng k tip1. Mt hn hp gm hai cht ng ng ankan k tip c khi lng 24,8g. Th tch tng ng l 11,2 lit (ktc).

Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca ankan.

a. C6H8 v C3H8 b. C5H12 v C6H14

c. C3H8 v C4H10 d. Cu C ng

p n ng: d

2. Cho 5,6 lit hn hp hai olefin l ng ng k tip nhau hp nc (c xc tc) c hn hp 2 ru. Chia hn hp hai ru ny dng khan ri chia lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn th nht phn ng ht vi Na d thu c 840ml kh. t chy ht phn th hai ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th vo bnh ng NaOH d th khi lng bnh NaOH tng 13,75g.

Cng thc phn t ca hai olefin l:


c. C2H4 v C3H6 d. C4H8 v C3H6

p n ng: c

Dng 2:Hn hp hidrocacbon cng dy ng ng khng k tip3. Cho 6,72 lit hn hp kh gm 2 olefin li qua nc brom d thy khi lng bnh tng 16,8g. Hy tm cng thc phn t cc olefin bit rng s nguyn t cacbon trong mi olefin khng qu 5.


c. C5H10 v C6H12 d. C2H4 v C4H8 ; C3H6 v C4H8

p n ng: d

4. t chy 560cm3 hn hp kh (ktc) gm hai hidrocacbon c cng s nguyn t cacbon ta thu c 4,4g CO2 v 1,9125g hi nc. Xc nh cng thc phn t cc hidrocacbon.

a. C4H8 v C4H10 b. C4H6 v C4H10

c. C4H4 v C4H10 d. Cu A, B, C cha cp p s

p n ng: d

Dng 3: S dng mt s d kin thc nghim khi xc nh cng thc , thnh phn ca hidrocacbon5. t 10cm3 mt hidrocacbon bng 80cm3 oxi (ly d). Sn phm thu c sau khi cho H2O ngng t cn 65cm3 trong 25cm3 l oxi. Cc th tch u o ktc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hidrocacbon.

a. C4H10 b. C4H6 c. C5H10 d. C3H8p n ng: b

6. Mt hn hp gm hai hidrocacbon mch h. Cho 1680ml hn hp trn i chm qua nc brom d. Sauk hi phn ng hon ton cn li 1120ml v lng brom tham gia phn ng l 4,0g. Mt khc nu t chy hon ton 1680ml hn hp trn ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th vo nc vi trong d th thu c 12,5g kt ta.

Cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l:

a. C4H8 v C3H6 b. C2H6 v CH4

c. C4H10 v CH4 d. C3H6 v CH4p s ng: d 7. Hn hp kh A gm hidro, mt paraffin v hai olefin l ng ng lien tip. Cho 560ml A i qua ng cha bt niken nung nng c 448ml hn hp kh A1 li qua bnh nc brom thy nc brom nht mu mt phn v khi lng bnh nc brom tng thm 0,343g. Hn hp kh A2 i ra khi bnh nc brom chim th tch 291,2ml v c t khi i vi khng kh bng 1,313. Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc olefin phn ng vi tc bng nhau ( ngha l t l vi thnh phn % th tch ca chng) v cc th tch kh o ktc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc hidrocacbon.

a. C2H4; C3H6 v C5H10 b. C2H6; C3H6 v C4H8

c. C3H8; C4H10 v C5H12 d. C2H6; C4H8 v C5H10p n ng: b

8. Cho 0,672 lit (ktc) hn hp kh A gm hai hidrocacbon mch h. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 qua dung dch Br2 d, khi lng dung dch tng Xg, lng Br2 phn ng ht 3,2g khng c kh thot ra khi dung dch. t chy phn 2 v cho sn phm chy qua bnh dung dch P2O5. Sau cho qua KOH rn. Sau th nghim bnh ng P2O5 tng Yg v bnh ng KOH tng 1,76g. Tm cng thc phn t ca 2 hidrocacbon.


c. C2H4 v C4H6 hoc C2H2 v C3H6 d. Cu C ng

p n ng: d

9. Cho 0,896 lit (ktc) hn hp kh A gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau:

Phn 1: Cho qua dung dch Br2 c tha, lng Br2 nguyn cht phn ng 5,6g

Phn 2: t chy hon ton to ra 2,2g CO2. Tm cng thc phn t 2 hidrocacbon.


c. C4H8 v C2H2 ; C4H2 v C2H4 d. p s khc

p s ng: c

10. Trn hn hp X1 gm hidrocacbon B vi H2 c d dx/H2 = 4,8. Cho X1 i qua Ni nung nng n phn ng hon ton c hn hp X2 c dX2/H2 = 8. Cng thc phn t hidrocacbon B l:

a. C3H6 b. C3H4 c. C4H8 d. C5H8p s ng: b

11. Trn hn hp X gm 1 hidrocacbon khi (A) v H2 vi dX/H2 = 6,1818. Cho X qua Ni un nng n khi phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp Y dY/H2 = 13,6. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A.

a. C3H4 b. C3H6 c. C4H6 d. C5H12p s ng: a

12. Cho 1,568 lit hn hp kh X gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h vo bnh nc brom d. Sauk hi phn ng hon ton ch cn li 448cm3 kh thot ra v c 8 gam brom phn ng. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton lng X trn ri dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh nc vi trong th c 15g kt ta. Lc b kt ta ri un nng nc lc, thu thm ti a 2 gam kt ta na. ( Cc th tch kh u c o ktc).

Tm cng thc cu to 2 phn t hidrocacbon.


c. C2H2 v C5H12 d. C2H6 v C3H6p n ng: d

13. Cho 0,42 lit hn hp kh B gm hai hidrocacbon mch h i rt chm qua bnh ng nc brom d. Sauk hi phn ng hon ton thy c 0,28 lit kh i ra khi bnh v c 2 gam brom tham gia phn ng. Cc th tch kh o ktc. T khi hi ca B so vi hidro l 19. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t hai hidrocacbon.


c. C2H6 v C4H6 hoc C3H8 v C2H2 d. C3H6 v C4H6 hoc C2H8 v C2H2p s ng: c

Dng 4: Bin lun xc nh CTPT hidrocacbon14. t chy hon ton 3,24 gam hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c (A) v (B) khc dy ng ng, trong (A) hn (B) mt nguyn t cacbon,ngi ta ch thu c H2O v 9,24 gam CO2. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi hidro l dx/H2 = 13,5. Tm cng thc phn t ca (A), (B)?

a. C2H4 v C2H5OH b. C2H6 v C3H8

c. C2H2 v CH2O d. C3H8O v C2H6O

p n ng: c

15. t hon ton hn hp 2 hidrocacbon X, Y thuc cng mt dy ng ng (ankan, anken, ankin), hp thu sn phm chy vo 4,5 lit dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M th thu c kt ta, khi lng dung dch tng ln 3,78g. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch thu c kt ta. Tng kt ca 2 ln nng 18,85g. Bit rng s mol X bng 60% tng s mol X, Y trong hn hp. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, Y?.



16. t chy mt hidrocacbon X mch h, kh vi 1,92 gam kh oxi trong bnh kn ri cho cc sn phm sau phn ng qua bnh mt cha trong H2SO4 c d, bnh hai cha 3,5 lit Ca(OH)2 0,01M thu c 3g kt ta, kh duy nht bay ra c th tch 0,224 lit o 27,3oC v 1,1 atm. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.

a. C2H2 b. C2H8 c. C3H8 hoc C2H2 d. C3H8 hoc C2H2 hoc CH4p n ng: d

17. Cho hn hp kh gm hidrocacbon A v oxi ly d, trong c 10% A theo th tch vo mt kh nhin k, to p sut 1 atm 0oC. Bt tia la in A chy hon ton ri cho nc ngng t 0oC th p sut trong bnh gim cn 0,8 atm. Bit lng oxi d khng qu 50% lng oxi ban u. Hy tm cng thc phn t ca A.

a. C4H8 b. C4H10 c. C4H4 d. C5H12p n ng: c

18. Mt hn hp gm hai hidrocacbon, mch h, trong phn t mi cht cha khng qu mt lien kt ba hay hai lien kt i. S cacbon mi cht ti a bng 7. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp thu c 0,25 mol CO2 v 0,23 mol H2O. Tm cng thc phn t ca 2 hidrocacbon?

a. C2H2 v C7H14 b. C5H8 v C5H10

c. C5H8 v C5H12 d. p s A + B + C

p n ng: d

19. t chy mt hidrocacbon X vi lng va oxi. Ton b sn phm chy c dn qua bnh ng canxi clorua khan c d th tch gim i hn mt na. Bit rng X cacbon chim 80% v khi lng. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X.

a. C3H8 b. C2H4 c. C4H6 d. C2H6p n ng: d

20. t chy hai hidrocacbon c cng cng thc tng qut CnH2n + 2 2k thu c sn phm sau khi t chy c khi lng 22,1g. Khi cho ton b lng sn phm ny vo 400g dung dch NaOH th thu c dung dch gm hai mui c nng 9,0026%. T l s mol hai mui l 1:1.

Cho bit t l s mol ca chng trong hn hp l 1:2 ( theo chiu khi lng phn t tng dn). Bit k < 3. Cng thc phn thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l:


c. C2H2 v C3H4 d. Kt qu khc

p n ng: c

21. Mt hidrocacbon X c cng thc CnH2n + 2 2k. Khi t X ta c t l s mol ca CO2 v H2O bng 2 ( k hiu l b), ng vi k nh nht. Cng thc phn t ca X l:


22. C mt hn hp hai hidrocacbon A v B th kh. Phn t khi ca B ln hn phn t khi ca A 24 vC. T khi hi so vi H2 ca B bng 9/5 t khi hi so vi H2 ca A. Khi t chy V lit hn hp thu c 11,2 lit CO2 (ktc) v 8,1g H2O. Hi A v B l nhng hidrocacbon no?



p n khc: b

23. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hi ca hidrocacbon A v kh oxi d thu c hn hp kh v hi. Lm lnh hn hp ny, th tch gim 50%. Nu cho hn hp cn li qua KOH, th tch gim 83,3% s cn li. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hidrocacbon.


24. Trong mt hn hp kh X gm hidrocacbon A v kh oxi d trong bnh ri t chy, sau khi xong,lm lnh hn hp kh thu c, nhn thy th tch gim 33,3% so vi th tch hn hp thu c. Nu dn hn hp kh tip tc qua dung dch KOH th tc b gim 75% s cn li. Tm cng thc phn t hidrocacbon A.

a. C3H6 b. C3H4 c. C2H6 d. C6H6p n ng: b

25. nhit 100oC, khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp gm mt s hidrocacbon lien tip trong cng dy ng ng no bng 64. Sau khi lm lnh nhit phng th mt s cht trong hn hp b ha lng. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca nhng cht cn li th kh bng 54, cn khi lng phn t trung bnh ca nhng cht lng l 74. Tng khi lng phn t cc cht trong hn hp ban u bng 252 vC v phn t khi ca ng ng nng nht bng 2 ln ca phn t khi ca ng ng nh nht. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc cht trong hn hp ban u?

a. C3H8; C4H10; C5H12 b. C2H6 v C3H6

c. C4H8; C5H10 v C6H12 d. Kt qu khc

p n ng: c

26. Mt hn hp kh c khi lng 7,6g gm 2,24 lit mt hidrocacbon mch thng A v 1,12 lit mt ankin B (ktc). t chy hon ton hn hp trn ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht trong dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th c 108,35g kt ta. A thuc loi hidrocacbon no?



p n ng: a

27. Hn hp hai olefin ( th kh) lien tip trong cng dy ng ng hp nc to thnh 2 ru (mt ru c dng mch nhnh) hiu sut u bng 40%. Bit th tch hn hp V lit ( 0oC, 1 atm)

Chia hn hp ru thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho Na tc dng vi phn 1 thu c 2,464 lit H2 ( 27,3oC, 1 atm). un nng phn 2 vi H2SO4 c to 3,852g hn hp 3 ete. 50% lng ru c s nguyn t cacbon t hn v 40% lng ru c s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn to thnh ete. Xc nh cng thc phn t 2 olefin.



BI TP T GII1. a) Trn 0,02 mol C2H2 v 0,03 mol H2 vi 1,68 lit O2 (kct) np vo mt kh k c th tch 4 lit ri t chy.

p sut hn hp sau phn khi to = 109,2oC l:

a. 0,392 atm b. 1,176 atm c. 0,784 atm d. 1,568 atm

b) Cho 11 gam hn hp gm 6,72 lit mt hidrocacbon mch h A v 22,4 lit mt ankin. t chy hn hp ny th tiu th 25,76 lit oxi. Cc th tch o trong iu kin tiu chun.

Cng thc phn t ca hidrocacbon A v B ln lt l:


c. C2H2 v C3H4 d. C2H4 v C2H22. a) Trong mt bnh kn th tch 5,6 lit cha 3,36 lit H2 v 2,24 lit C2H4 (ktc) v mt t bt niken. t nng bnh mt thi gian, Sau lm lnh v 0oC, p sut trong bnh lc l p. Nu cho hn hp kh trong bnh sau phn ng li qua nc brom thy c 0,8g Br2 tham gia phn ng.

Hy tnh phn trm phn ng:

a. 31,65% b. 63,3% c. 94,95% d. 100%

b) t chy hon ton 50 cm3 hn hp kh A gm C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 v H2 thu c 45 cm3 CO2. Mt khc nung nng th tch hn hp kh A c mt Pd xc tc th thu c 40 cm3 hn hp kh B. Sau cho hn hp kh B qua Ni un nng cho mt kh duy nht. (Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton) Thnh phn phn trm theo th tch cc kh trong hn hp A ( H2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6) ln lt l:

a. 20%, 30%, 20%,30% b. 25%, 15%, 30%, 30%

c. 55%, 20%, 15%, 10% d. Kt qu khc

3. a) t chy 60 cm3 hn hp ankin X, Y l hai ng ng lien tip nhau thu c 220 cm3 CO2 ( cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X v Y ln lt l:



b) Mt bnh kn 2 lit 27,3oC cha 0,03 mol C2H2; 0,015 mol C2H4 v 0,04 mol H2 c p sut p1.

Nu trong bnh c mt t bt Ni lm xc tc ( th tch khng ng k), nung bnh n nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton, sau a v nhit ban u c hn hp kh A c p sut p2. Cho hn hp A tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 3,6g kt ta. Hy tnh p sut p2:

a. 0,277 atm b. 0,6925 atm c. 1,108 atm d. 0,554 atm

4. a) t chy hon ton 2,24 lit kh C2H4 (ktc) ri hp th ton b sn phm vo dung dch cha 11,1 gam Ca(OH)2. Hi sau khi hp th khi lng phn dung dch tng hay gim bao nhiu gam?

a. tng 4,8g b. gim 2,4g c. tng 2,4g

d. gim 3,6g e. tng 3,6g

b) Mt hn hp A gm 0,12 mol C2H2 v 0,18 mol H2. Cho A qua Ni nung nng,phn ng khng hon ton v thu c kh B. Cho B qua bnh dung dch Br2 d, thu hn hp kh thot ra X. t chy hon ton X ri cho ton b sn phm vo bnh cha dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 12 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng ln 8,88 gam. Tnh tng khi lng ca bnh dung dch Br2.

a. 0,82g b. 2,46g c. 1,64g d. 3,28g e. kt qu khc

5. a) Trn 11,2 lit hn hp X gm C3H6 (chim 40%V) v C3H4 (chim 60%V) vi H2 trong bnh kn 33,6 lit c t bt Ni ktc. Sau thi gian t chy nng bnh v a v nhit ban u thy p sut kh trong bnh l 2/3 atm. Bit khi cho hn hp qua dung dch mui Ag+ trong ammoniac th tch ca n gim 1/10. Hy xc nh thnh phn v s mol hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng:

a. C3H8 (0,5 mol) v H2 (0,5 mol) b. C3H8 (0,9 mol) v C3H6 (0,1mol)

c. C3H8 (0,3 mol) v C3H6 (0,1 mol) d. C3H4 (0,1 mol) v H2 (0,5 mol)

e. Kt qu khc

b) Mt hn hp R gm C2H4 v C3H6, trong C3H6 chim 71,43% v th tch. Mt hn hp X gm R v H2 vi s mol R bng 5 ln s mol H2. Ly 9,408 lit X (ktc) ung nng vi Ni xc tc, phn ng hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Z. Bit t l mol ca 2 ankan sinh ra bng t l mol ca 2 olefin tng ng ban u.

S mol cc kh C2H6, C3H8, C2H4, C3H6 ln lt l:

a. 0,01; 0,06; 0,08 v 0,2 b. 0,03; 0,04; 0,06 v 0,22

c. 0,02; 0,05; 0,08 v 0,2 d. kt qu khc

6. a) t mt hn hp gm hai hidrocacbon A, B (c M hn km nhau 28g) th thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,5 mol H2O.

Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l:

a. C2H6 v C3H8 b. CH4 v C4H10

c. CH4 v C2H6 d. CH4 v C3H8b) Hp cht A c 8 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t MA < 32. Hy lp lun tm ra cng thc ca A:

a. C4H4 b. C3H5 c. C2H6 d. Kt qu khc

7. a) Hn hp D gm hp cht C2H6 v mt ankin B ( th kh) trn vi nhau theo t l mol 1:1. Thm O2 vo hn hp D c hn hp D1 c t khi so vi H2 = 18. Hy tm cng thc phn t ca ankin B?

a. C3H4 b. C2H2 c. C4H6 d. C5H8b) t chy 0,3 mol hn hp 2 hidrocacbon mch h ( thuc trong s 3 loi hidrocacbon paraffin, olefin v ankin) c t l khi lng phn t l 22/13, ri cho sn phm sinh ra i vo bnh dng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th thy bnh nng thm 46,5g v c 147,75g kt ta. hy xc nh cng thc phn t hai hidrocacbon.


c. C3H8 v C3H6 d. C3H8 v C2H28. t chy hon ton mt hn hp c t l mol bng nhau ca cht C8H8 v mt hidrocacbon B trong oxit thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l th tch 13/10. Bit rng cht B ch to ra mt sn phm duy nht cha mt nguyn t brom trong phn t v khi lng phn t di 152 vC. Cht B c cng thc phn t l:

a. CH4 b. C5H12 c. C3H6 d. C5H89. t chy hon ton 3,24 gam hn hp X gm hai cht huuwx c A v B khc dy ng ng, trong s A hn B mt nguyn t cacbon, ngi ta ch thu c H2O v 9,4g gam CO2. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi Hidro l 13,5. Cng thc phn t ca A v b l:

a. CH4 v C2H2 b. CH4O v C2H2

c. CH2O v C2H2 d. CH2O2 v C2H210. t chy V lit hn hp X ktc gm 2 hidrocacbon to thnh 4,4g CO2 v 1,8g H2O.

Hy cho bit hai hidrocacbon trn cng hay khc dy ng ng v thuc dy ng ng no? ( ch xt cc dy ng ng hc trong chng trnh).

a. Cng dy ng ng c hai hidrocacbon l anken hay xicloankan

b.Khc dy ng ng: 1 ankan v 1 ankadien

c.Khc dy ng ng: 1 ankin v 1 ankan

d.Cu A + B + C u ng

11. t chy hon ton mt hn hp A gm 2 hidrocacbon ( iu kin thng, th kh), c khi lng mol phn t km nhau 28g, sn phm to thnh cho i qua bnh ng P2O5 v bnh CaO. Bnh ng P2O5 nng thm 9g cn bnh ng CaO nng thm 13,2g.

a) Cc hidrocacbon thuc dy ng ng no?

a. ankan b. anken c. ankin d. aren

b) Cng thc 2 hidrocacbon l:


c. CH4 v C3H8 d. Kt qu khc

12. t chy hon ton hn hp hai hidrocacbon ng ng hp th hon ton sn phm sinh ra bng Ba(OH)2 d cha trong bnh thy nng thm 22,1g v c 78,8g kt ta trng.

a) Xc inh dy ng ng ca 2 hidrocacbon, bit chng thuc mt trong ba dy ankan, anken v ankin.

a. ankan b. ankin c. anken d. cu A ng

b) Xc nh hai hidrocacbon cho, bit chng ( xp theo th t tng dn phn t khi) c trn theo t l s mol 1:2.


c. C3H4 v C4H6 d. CH4 v C2H613. A l hn hp kh (ktc) gm 3 hidrocacbon X, Y, Z thuc 3 dy ng ng. B l hn hp O2 v O3 c t khi so vi hidro bng 19,2. t chy 1 mol hn hp A cn 5 mol hn hp B, thu c CO2 v hi nc c s mol nh nhau.

Khi cho 22,4 lit hn hp A i qua bnh nc brom d thy c 11,2 lit kh bay ra, khi lng bnh nc brom tng 27g, cn khi cho 22,4 lit hn hp A i qua dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thy to thnh 32,4g kt ta vng. Cc kh o c ktc. Ba hidrocacbon trong hn hp l:

a. C3H8, butin-1 v butadiene-1 b. C4H10, butin-1 v butadiene-1

c. C5H12, butin-1 v butadiene-1 hoc butadiene 1-3

d. Kt qu khc

14. Mt hn hp X gm hidrocacbon lien tip nhau trong dy ng ng c khi lng 10,5g v c th tch hn hp l 2,352 lit 109,2oC v 2,8at. H nhit xung 0oC, mt s hidrocacbon (c s C 5) ha lngconf li hn hp Y c th tch 1,24 lit 2,8at. T khi hi ca hn hp Y so vi khng kh bng 1,402. Tng phn t khi ca hn hp bng 280.

Xc nh dy ng ng ca hidrocacbon, bit rng phn t khi ca cc cht sau cng bng 1,5 ln phn t khi ca cht th 3.

a. anken b. arken c. ankadien aren

15. Mt hn hp X gm hi hidrocacbon mch h A v H2 d c t khi hi vi Hli bng 3. Cho hn hp X qua bt Ni nung nng trong iu kin xy ra phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi hi so vi He bng 7,5. Bit s nguyn t cacbon trong mt mol A nh hn 7. Cng thc phn t ca A l:

a. C3H4 b. C4H4 c. C5H10 d. C3H616. t chy hon ton hidrocacbon trong bnh kn c th tch 10 lit bng lng khng kh gp i lng cn thit. Sau phn ng lm lnh bnh xung 0oC thy p sut trong bnh l 1,948 atm.

Mt khc khi hp th lng nc sinh ra bng 25ml dung dch H2SO4 98% (D = 1,84g/cm3) s c dung dch c nng 95,75%. Tm cng thc phn t ca A bit n khng c ng phn.

a. C3H6 b. C2H2 c. C2H4 d. C6H617. Cho hp cht c cng thc phn t C8H8, bit 3,12g cht ny phn ng ht vi dung dch cha 4,8g Br2 hoc vi ti a 2,688 lit H2 (ktc). Hidro ha C8H8 theo t l 1:1 c hidrocacbon cng loi X. Khi Brom ha mt ng phn Y ca X vi xc tc bt Fe theo t l mol 1:1 c mt sn phm duy nht. Cng thc cu to ca C8H8 l:

a. C6H4(CH3)2 b. C6H5CH=CH2c. C6H5CH2=CH3 d. Cu b ng

18. Mt hn hp hai ankan k cn trong dy ng ng c t khi hi vi H2 l 24,8.

a) Cng thc phn t ca hai ankan l:



b) Thnh phn % th tch, thnh phn hn hp l:

a. 30% v 70% b. 35% v 65%

c. 60% v 40% d. Cng 50%

19. ktc c mt hn hp kh hidrocacbon no A v B t khi hi so vi hidro l 12 (dhh/H2 = 12).

a) Tm khi lng CO2 v hi nc sinh ra khi t 15,68 lit hn hp ( ktc)

a. 24,2g v 16,2g b. 48,4g v 32,4g

c. 40g v 30g d. Kt qu khc

b) Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:

a. CH4 v C2H6 b. CH4 v C3H8

c. CH4 v C4H10 d. C ba cu a + b + c

20. Mt hn hp gm 2 kh hidrocacbon mch h. T khi hi hn hp so vi H2 l 17. ktc 400cm3 hn hp tc dng va vi 71,4cm3 dung dch Br2 0,2M v cn li 240cm3 kh. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon.


c. C2H6 v C3H4 d. C4H10 v C2H221. Hn hp kh A gm hai hidrocacbon c cng s nguyn t cacbon (ktc).

a) Tm t khi hi ca hn hp A i vi Nito, bit rng 560cm3 hn hp nng 1,3625g.

a. 1,9 b. 2 c. 1,6 d. kt qu khc

b) t chy Vcm3 hn hp A cho cc sn phm phn ng ln lt qua bnh 1 ng P2O5 v bnh 2 ng Ba(OH)2 thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 2,34g v bnh 2 tng 7,04g. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc hidrocacbon bit rng c mt hidrocacbon l olefin.


c. C4H8 v C4H2 d. C ba cu a + b + c

22. Cho 10 lit hn hp kh ( 54oC v 0,8064 atm) gm hai anken li qua bnh ng nc brom d thy khi lng bnh nc brom tng ln 16,8g.

a) Tnh tng s mol ca 2 anken.

a. 0,1 mol b. 0,2 mol c. 0,3 mol d. Kt qu khc

b) Hy bin lun cc cp anken c th c trong hn hp kh ban u bit rng s nguyn t C trong mi anken khng qu 5.

a. C5H10 v C2H4 b. C5H10 v C3H6

c. C5H10 v C4H8 d. C hai cu a + b

23. Cho 1232cm3 hn hp gm ankan A v anken B th kh ( s nguyn t C trong A, B nh nhau) vo nc brom d thy khi lng bnh tng thm 1,4g. t chy hon ton cht kh sau khi qua nc brom v cho sn phm chy vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 180ml dung dch mui 0,5M. Cng thc phn t ca A, B l:


c. C4H8 v C5H12 d. C2H4 v C4H1024. Mt hn hp gm ankan v ankin. t chy hon ton hn hp ny thu c 12,6g H2O. Khi lng oxi cn dung cho phn ng l 36,8g. Th tch CO2 sinh ra bng 8/3 th tch hn hp kh ban u.

a) Tng s mol ca hn hp ban u l:

a. 0,3 mol b. 0,2 mol c. 0,4 mol d. Kt qu khc

b) Xc nh cng thc cu to c th ca ankan v ankin.


c. C4H10 v C2H2 d. C hai cu b + c

25. Mt hn hp gm hai hidrocacbon mch h. Cho 840ml hn hp li qua dung dch brom d th cn li 560ml, ng thi c 2g Br2 tham gia phn ng. Ngoi ra nu t chy hon ton 840ml hn hp ri cho kh CO2 qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th c 6,25g kt ta (cc kh o ktc).

Cng thc phn t ca 2 hidrocacbon l:

a. CH4 v C4H10 b. C2H6 v C3H6

c. CH4 v C3H6 d. Kt qu khcTRC NGHIM: DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL- PHENOL

I DN XUT HALOGEN

1/ Hp cht CH3CH2CH(Cl)CH3 l dn xut halogen bc:

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

2/ Hp cht no di y c dng tng hp ra PVC:

A. CH2=CHCH2Cl B. CH2=CHBr C. C6H5Cl D. CH2=CHCl

3/ X l dn xut clo ca metan, trong phn t X clo chim 83,52% khi lng. Cng thc ca X l:

A. CH3Cl B. CH2Cl2 C. CHCl3 D. CCl44/ Cht no l dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon?

A. Cl CH2 COOHB. C6H5 CH2 Cl

C. CH3 CH2 Mg BrD. CH3 CO Cl

5/ Cht no khng phi l dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon?

A. CH2 = CH CH2Br B. ClBrCH CF3

C. Cl2CH CF2 O CH3 D. C6H6Cl6

6/ Khi cho metan tc dng ci Cl2 (k askt) vi t l 1:3 ta s thu c sn phm no sau y:

A. clometan/ metyl cloruaB. iclometan/ metylen clorua

C. triclometan/ clorofomD. cacbon tetraclorua/ tetraclometan

7/ Theo quy tc Zai-xep, sn phm chnh ca phn ng tch HCl ra khi phn t 2-clobutan?

A. But-2-enB. But-1-en

C. But-1,3-ienD. But-1-in

8/ Khi un si hn hp gm C2H5Br v KOH trong C2H5OH thy thot ra mt cht kh khng mu. Dn kh ny i qua ng nghim ng nc brom. Hin tng xy ra l:

A. xut hin kt ta trng B. Nc brom c mu m hn

C. nc brom b mt mu D. Khng c hin tng g xy ra

9/ S ng phn ca dn xut halogen c cng thc phn t C4H9Br l:

A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 5

II ANCOL:

1/ Chn cm t ng nht in vo ch trng sau:

Ru l hp cht hu c m trong phn t ca chng cha mt hay nhiu nhm -OH lin kt vi.............

A. Gc hirocacbon. B. Gc ankyl. C. Gc anlyl. D.Gc hirocacbon no.2/ Chn cm t ng nht in vo ch trng sau:

Nhit si ca ru cao hn hn nhit si ca ankan tng ng l v gia cc phn t ru tn ti..........

A. Lin kt cng ha tr. B. Lin kt hiro. C. Lin kt phi tr. D. Lin kt ion.

3/ Khi cho mt t git dung dch phenolphtalein vo mt dung dch cha C2H5ONa th dung dch c mu:

A. . B. Hng. C. Khng i mu. D. Xanh.

4/ Dy ng ng ca ru etylic c cng thc tng qut l:

A. CnH2n+2OH(n1). B. CnH2n-1OH(n1). C. CnH2n+1OH(n1). D. CnH2n-2O(n1).

5/ Cng thc cu to ng ca 2,2- imetyl butanol-1 l:

A. (CH3)3C-CH2-CH2-OH B. CH3-CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-OH

C. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-OH D. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-OH

6/ Cng thc cu to ng ca ru tert - butylic l:

A.(CH3)3COH. B.(CH3)3CCH2OH. C.(CH3)2CHCH2OH D.CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3.

7/ Dng Cu(OH)2 c th nhn bit c cht no:

A. ancol etylic B. Glixerol C. imetyl ete D. metan.8/ Ru no sau y khng tn ti?

A. CH2=CH-OH B. CH2=CH-CH2OH. C. CH3CH(OH)2. D. C A,,C.

9/ t chy mt ru X, ta c hn hp sn phm chy trong nCO2 < nH2O. Kt lun no sau y ng:

A. (X) l ru noB. (X) l ankaiol C. (X) l ru 3 ln ru D. T

10/ Cng thc no di y l cng thc ca ru no mch h?

A. CnH2n+2-x(OH)xB. C nH2n+2O C. CnH2n+2Ox

D. CnH2n+1OH

11/ Cho bit sn phm chnh ca phn ng kh nc ca (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 ?

A. 2 - metylbut-1-enB. 3 - metylbut-1-en C. 2 - metylbut-2-en D. 3 - metylbut-2-en

12/ Anken sau: CH3 CH CH=CH2 l sn phm loi nc ca r no di y:

CH3

A. 2-metylbutan-1-ol

B. 2,2-imetylpropan-1-ol C. 2-metylbutan-2-ol D. 3-metylbutan-1-ol

13/ Mt ru no c cng thc thc nghim (C2H5O)n vy cng thc phn t ca ru l:

A. C6H15O3 B. C4H10O2 C. C6H14O3

D. C4H10O

14/ Thuc th duy nht c th dng nhn bit 3 cht lng ng trong 3 l mt nhn : Phenol , Stiren ; Ru benzylic l:

A. Na B. Dung dch NaOH C. Qu tm D. Dung dch Br2

15/ Dy gm cc cht u phn ng c vi C2H5OH l:

A. Na, CuO, HBr B. NaOH, CuO, HBr C. Na, HBr, Mg D. CuO, HBr, K2CO316/ Theo danh php IUPAC, hp cht HOCH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2 c tn gi l:

A. 4-metylpentan-2-ol B. 2-metylpentan-2-ol

C. 4,4-imetylbutan-2-ol D. 1,3-imetylbutan-1-ol

17/ Ancol no, a chc X c cng thc n gin nht l C2H5O. X c cng thc phn t l:

A. C4H5O B. C4H10O2 C. C6H15O3 D. C8H20O418/ un nng hn hp 3 ancol no, n chc, mch h vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp th c th thu c ti a bao nhiu ete?

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

19/ Khi oxi ha ancol A bng CuO, nhit , thu c andehit, vy ancol A l:

A. ancol bc 1 B. ancol bc 2

C. ancol bc 1 hoc ancol bc 2 D. ancol bc 3

20/ un nng mt ru X vi H2SO4 m c nhit thch hp thu c mt olefin duy nht.

Cng thc tng qut ca X l :

A. CnH2n+1CH2OH B. RCH2OHC. CnH2n+1OH

D. CnH2n+2O

21/ Thuc th phn bit glixerol, etanol v phenol l:

A. Na, dung dch brom B. Dung dch brom, Cu(OH)2C. Cu(OH)2, dung dch NaOH D. Dung dch brom, qu tm22/ S ng phn ru ca C3H7OH l:

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

23/ Trong dy ng ng ru no n chc, khi mch cacbon tng, ni chung:

A. Nhit si tng, kh nng tan trong nc gim

B. Nhit si tng, kh nng tan trong nc tng

C. Nhit si gim, kh nng tan trong nc gim D. Nhit si gim, kh nng tan trong nc tng

24/ S S ng phn ru ca C4H9OH l:

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

25/ Cht c tn l g ?

A. 1,1- imetyletanolB. 1,1 imetyletan-1-ol

C. isobutan-2-olD. 2-metylpropan-2-ol

26/ Ancol isobutylic c cng thc cu to no?

A.

B.

C.

D.

27/ Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng dng phng php no sau y iu ch ru etylic?

A. Cho glucoz ln men ru

B. Thu phn dn xut halogen trong mi trng kim

C. Cho C2H4 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, nng

D. Cho CH3CHO hp H2 c xc tc Ni, un nng.

28/ Pht biu no sau y l ng:

A. Ru thm l cht c cng thc tng qut C6H6(OH)z

B. Ru thm l cht trong phn t c nhn benzen v c nhm hidroxyl.

C. Ru thm l cht c nhm hidroxyl gn trn mch nhnh ca hidrocacbon thm.

D. Ru thm l cht c nhn benzen, mi thm hnh nhn.

29/ Cho cc hp cht:

(1) CH3 CH2 OH(2) CH3 C6H4 - OH

(3) CH3 C6H4 CH2 OH(4) C6H5 - OH

(5) C6H5 CH2 OH(6) C6H5 CH2 CH2 - OH

Nhng cht no sau y l ru thm?

A. (2) v (3)B. (3), (5) v (6)

C. (4), (5) v (6)D. (1), (3), (5) v (6)

30/ Cht hu c no sau y l cht lng iu kin thng

A. CH3ClB. CH3OH

C. CH3 O CH3D. Tt c u l cht lng

31/ phn bit ancol etylic tinh khit v ancol etylic c ln nc, c th dng cht no sau y?

A. Na kim loiB. CuO, to

C. CuSO4 khanD. H2SO4 c

32/ Khi t chy mt ru thu c t l s mol nH2O : nCO2 = 1:1. kt lun no sau y v ru cho l ng?

A. Ru no, n chc B. Ru c mt lin kt i, n chc

C. Ru c mt lin kt ba, n chc D. Ru thm

33/ CTCT ca But-3-en-1-ol:

B. CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH2 - OH

34/ Cc ancol c tonc, tosi, tan trong H2O ca ancol u cao hn so vi hirocacbon v:

A. Cc ancol c nguyn t O trong phn t

B. Cc ancol c khi lng phn t ln

C. Cc ancol c khi lng phn t ln hn hirocacbon v c kh nng hnh thnh lin kt hiro vi H2O

D. Gia cc phn t ancol tn ti lin kt hiro lin phn t ng thi c s tng ng vi cu to ca H2O

35/ S lng ng phn c nhm OH ca C5H12O l:

A. 4

B. 8

C. 5

D. 736/ Tn gi ca CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH l:

A. 1,2- ihiroxyl propen

B. Propan-2,3-iol

C. Propan-1,2- iol

D. 1- Metyl etaniol.37/ Khi oxiho ancol X thu c anehit n chc, vy CTCT ca X c dng:

A. R-OH

B. R-CH(OH)-R C. CnH2n+1CH2OH D. R-CH2-OH38/ Khi t chy ancol X thu c s mol nc ln hn s mol CO2. iu cho bit, X l

A. Ancol no, mch h

B. Ancol no n chc

C. Ancol c 1 lin kt

D. Ancol a chc

39/ Khi lng kim loi Na cn phi ly tc dng vi 80g C2H5OH l:

A. 25gB. 35g

C. 40gD. 45g

40/ t chy mt lng ancol A thu c 4,4g CO2 v 3,6g H2O. CTPT ca ru l:

A. CH3OHB. C2H5OH

C. C3H7OHD. C4H9OH

41/ Cho 11 gam hn hp gm 2 ru n chc tc dng ht vi natri kim loi thu c 3,36 lt hidro (ktc). Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca 2 ru l:

A. 36,7

B. 48,8

C. 73,3

D. 32,7

42/ t chy 1,85 gam mt ru no n chc cn c 3,36 lit O2 (ktc). Cng thc ru l:

A. CH3OHB. C2H5OHC. C3H7OHD. C4H9OH

43/ Cho 16,6 gam hn hp gm ru etylic v ru n-propylic phn ng ht vi Na d thu c 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). % v khi lng cc ru trong hn hp l.

A. 27,7% v 72,3%B. 60,2% v 39,8%C. 40% v 60%D. 32% v 68%

44/ Cho 11g hn hp gm hai ru no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36lit H2 (o kc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 ru trn l:

A.CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C3H5OH v C2H5OH.

C. CH3OH v C2H3OH. D. C3H7OH v C2H5OH.

45/ Mt ru n chc A tc dng vi HBr cho hp cht hu c B c cha C, H, Br; trong Br chim 58,4% khi lng. CTPT ca ru l:

A. C2H5OH B. C3H7OH C. CH3OH D. C4H9OH

46/ Ly mt lng Na kim loi tc dng va vi 18,7 gam hn hp X gm 3 ru n chc, c cn thu c 29,7 gam sn phm rn . Tm cng thc cu to ca mt ru c khi lng phn t nh nht.

A. C2H5OH B. CH3OH C. C3H7OH D. C3H6OH

47/ Cho 2,84 gam mt hn hp hai ru n chc l ng ng lin tip nhau tc dng vi mt lng Na va , to ra 4,6 gam cht rn v V lt kh H2 ktc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai ru trn .

A. CH3OH v C2H5OH

B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH C. C3H7OH v C4H9OHD. Cc cu A, B, C u sai

48/ t chy hon ton 2,22 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 5,28 gam CO2 v 2,7 gam H2O. X phn ng vi Na, khng phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. Tm cng thc phn t ca A v cho bit tt c cc ng phn cng nhm chc v khc nhm chc ca A ng vi cng thc phn t trn?

A. C3H8O c 4 ng phn B. C2H5OH c 2 ng phn

C. C2H4(OH)2 khng c ng phn D. C4H10O c 7 ng phn

49/ t chy hon ton 1,52 gam mt ru X thu c 1,344 lt CO2 (ktc) v 1,44 gam H2O.Cng thc phn t ca X l:

A. C3H8O2 B. C5H10O2 C. C4H8O2

D. C3H8O350/ Mt ru no X, khi t chy 1 mol X cn 2,5 mol O2. Cng thc ca ru X.

A. C3H5(OH)3 B. C2H4(OH)2 C. C3H6(OH)2 D. Cu B v C ng

51/ Cho Na phn ng hon ton vi 18,8g hn hp 2 ru k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca ru etylic thy sinh ra 5,6 lt H2 ( ktc). CTPT 2 ru l:

A . CH3OH, C2H5OH B . C2H5OH, C3H7OHC . C3H7OH, C4H9OH

D . C4H9OH, C5H11OH

52/ Cho 1,85g mt ru no n chc X tc dng vi Na d thu c 308ml kh H2(1atm v 27,3oC). Cng thc phn t ca X l:

A. C2H5OH. D. C5H11OH. B. C3H7OH C. C4H9OHIII PHENOL:

1/ Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to :

(1)

(2)

(3)

Cht no thuc loi phenol?

A. (1) v (2). B. (2) v (3). C. (1) v (3). D. C (1), (2) v (3).

2/ Khi cho Phenol tc dng vi nc brom, ta thy:

A. Mt mu nu ca nc bromB. To kt ta gchC. To kt ta trngD. To kt ta xm bc

3/ Phn ng no sau y chng minh phenol c tnh axit yu:

A. C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O B. C6H5ONa + Br2 C. C6H5OH + NaOH D. C6H5OH + Na

4/ Gi tn hp cht sau:

A. 4-metylphenolB. 2-metylphenol

C. 5-metylphenolD. 3-metylphenol

5/ Nguyn nhn no sau y lm cho phenol tc dng d dng vi dung dch brom?

A. Ch do nhm OH ht electron B. Ch do nhn benzen ht electron

C. ch do nhn benzen y electron

D. Do nhm OH y electron vo nhn benzen v nhn benzen ht electron lm tng mt electron cc v tr o- v p-

6/ Dng cch no sau y phn bit phenol lng v ru etylic?

A. Cho c 2 cht cng tc dng vi Na B. Cho c 2 cht tc dng vi NaOH

C. Cho c 2 cht th vi giy qu D. Cho c 2 cht tc dng vi dung dch nc brom

7/ Hy chn cu pht biu sai:

A. Phenol l cht rn kt tinh d b oxi ho trong khng kh thnh mu hng nht

B. Phenol c tnh axit yu nhng mnh hn H2CO3C. Khc vi benzen, phenol phn ng d dng vi dung dch Br2 nhit thng to thnh kt ta trng.

D. Nhm OH v gc phenyl trong phn t phenol c nh hng qua li ln nhau.

8/ Phenol phn ng c vi dy cht no sau y?

A. CH3COOH, Na2CO3, NaOH, Na, dung dch Br2, HNO3 B. HCHO, Na2CO3, dung dch Br2, NaOH, Na

C. HCHO, HNO3, dung dch Br2, NaOH, Na D. C A,B,C

9/ Cho m(gam) phenol C6H5OH tc dng vi natri d thy thot ra 0,56 lt kh H2 (ktc). Khi lng m cn dng l...

A. 4,7g. B. 9,4g. C. 7,4g. D. 4,9g.

10/ Cho nc brom d vo dung dch phenol thu c 6,62 gam kt ta trng (phn ng hon ton). Khi lng phenol c trong dung dch l:A. 1,88 gam B. 18,8 gam C. 37,6 gam D. 3,7CHNG: HIDROCACBON THM

1/ Cu no ng nht trong cc cu sau y?

A / Benzen l mt hirocacbon B / Benzen l mt hirocacbon no

C / Benzen l mt hirocacbon khng no

D / Benzen l mt hirocacbon thm

2/ Mt ng ng ca benzen c CTPT C8H10. S ng phn ca cht ny l :

A / 1

B / 2

C / 3

D / 43/ Phn ng ca benzen vi cc cht no sau y gi l phn ng nitro ha:

A. HNO3 m c

B. HNO2 c / H2SO4c

C. HNO3 long / H2SO4c

D. HNO3 c / H2SO4c

4/ Dng dung dch brom (trong nc) lm thuc th, c th phn bit cp cht no sau y:

A. metan v etan.B. toluen v stiren. C. etilen v propilen.D. etilen v stiren.5/ Cc cht no sau y u lm mt mu dung dch brom trong nc?

A. CHCH, CH2 = CH2, CH4, C6H5CH = CH2.

B. CHCH, CH2 = CH2, CH4, C6H5CH3.

C. CHCH, CH2 = CH2, CH2= CH CH = CH2 , C6H5CH = CH2.

D. CHCH, CH2 = CH2, CH3 CH3, C6H5CH = CH2.6/ Ch dng 1 thuc th no di y c th phn bit c cc cht benzen, stiren, etylbenzen ?

A. dung dch KMnO4

B. dung dch Brom C. oxi khng kh D. p n khc7/ Hin tng g xy ra khi cho brom lng vo ng nghim cha benzen, lc ri yn:

A. dung dch brom b mt mu B. Xut hin kt ta

C. c kh thot ra D. Dung dch brom khng b mt mu8/ Nhm th c sn trn nhn benzen nh hng phn ng th vo v tr ortho v para l:

(R l gc hidrocacbon) A. R , NO2 B. OH , NH2 , gc ankyl , halogenC. OH , NH2 , CHO D. R , COOH

9/ Tnh cht thm ca benzen tc l:

A. D tham gia phn ng th, kh tham gia phn ng cng v oxi ho B. Va tc dng vi halogen va tc dng vi HNO3C. V l RH mch vng

D. V c mi thm10/ Hidrocacbon X l ng ng ca benzen c cng thc thc nghim (C3H4)n.

X c cng thc phn t no di y?

A. C12H16

B. C9H12

C. C15H20 D. C12H16 hoc C15H2011/ C cc cht sau y : Buta-1,3-dien, but-1-en, butan, toluen, etin

Cht c dng lm monome iu ch trc tip cao su buna l :

A. Buta-1,3-dien

B. But-1-en

C. Butan

D. Etin12/ Sn phm ca phn ng: C6H5CH3 + Cl2 l:

A. O-clotoluen. B. P - toluen. C. M - toluen. D. Benzyl Clorua.

13/ Sn phm ca phn ng: C6H6 + Cl2 l: A. Clobenzen B. Hecxaclo xiclo hexan C. 1,2 iclo benzen. D. 1,3 oclo benzene.

14/ Cao su buna S c iu ch t:

A.Butan + Styren B.Butin + Styren C.Buten + Styren D.Butadien 1,3 + Styren

15/ Hin tng g xy ra khi un nng toluen vi dung dch KMnO4:

A. dung dch KMnO4 b mt mu B. C kt ta trng

C. si bt kh D. Khng c hin tng g xy ra

16/ Khi t mt mol ankyl benzen th .

A. n CO2 = n H2O C. n CO2 < n H2O B. n CO2 > n H2O D. n CO2 = n H2O + 3

17/ t mt ankyl benzen(A) thu c 9mol CO2 v 6 mol H2O. CTPT ca A l.

A.C6H6 B.C7H8 C.C8H10 D.C9H1218/ t 1mol ankyl benzene thu c 6mol H2O vy s mol CO2 s l

A. 3 mol B. 6mol C. 9 mol D. 12 mol

19/ Sn phm chnh ca phn ng:naphtalen + Br2 l:

A. 1-Bromnaphtalen. B. 2 Bromnaphtalen. C. 5,8-Brom naphtalen. D.5-Brom naphtalen.

20/Trong cc hp cht: Ankan;Akin; Benzen, loi no tham gia phn ng th?

A. Ch c Ankan. B. Ch c Ankin. C. Ch c Benzen. D. C A,B,C u ng.

21/ t chy hon ton mt lng stiren sinh ra 1,1 g kh CO2. Khi lng stiren phn ng l:

A. 0,325g B. 0,26g C. 0,32g D. 0,62g

22/ iu ch benzen bng cch trng hp hon ton 5,6 lit axetilen (ktc) th lng benzen thu c l:

A. 26g B. 13g C. 6,5 g D. 52 g

23/ Th tch khng kh (ktc) cn dng t chy hon ton 0,1 mol benzen l:

A. 84 lt

B. 74 lt

C. 82 lt

D. 83 lt

24/ t X thu c mCO: mHO = 22 : 9. Bit X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. X l cht no sau y?

A. CH3 / CH3 B. CH2 = CH2 C. CH ( CH D. C6H625/ Lng clobenzen thu c khi cho 15,6g C6H6 tc dng ht vi Cl2 (xc tc bt Fe) hiu sut phn ng t 80% l: A. 14g

B. 16g

C. 18g

D. 20g114 CAU TRAC NGHIEM ANDEHIT - XETON AXIT

Cu 1. trung ha hon ton 2,36 g mt axit hu c X cn 80ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M. X l.

A. CH3COOH.B. C2H5COOH.C. C2H3COOH.D. C2H4(COOH)2.

Cu 2. Cho 2,2 gam hp cht n chc X cha C, H, O phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/ NH3 d to ra 10,8 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca X l:

A. HCHO.B. CH2=CHCHO.C. CH3CHO.D. C2H5CHO.

Cu 3. Cho bn hp cht sau:

(X):CH3CHClCHClCOOH;(Y):ClCH2CH2CHClCOOH

(Z):Cl2CHCH2CH2COOH;(T):CH3CH2CCl2COOH

Hp cht no c tnh axit mnh nht?

A. Hp cht (X).B. Hp cht (Y).C. Hp cht (Z).D. Hp cht (T).

Cu 4. Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit.

A. HCHO.B. OHC-CHO.C. CH3CHO.D. CH2=CH-CHO.

Cu 5. Cho s phn ng:

.

Cng thc ca T l:

A. C2H5COOH.B. C2H5COOCH3.C. CH3COOH.D. CH3COOC2H5.

Cu 6. t chy hon ton 0,10 mol hn hp hai axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,360 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,70 gam H2O. S mol ca mi axit ln lt l:

A. 0,050 v 0,050.B. 0,060 v 0,040.C. 0,045 v 0,055.D. 0,040 v 0,060.

Cu 7. Chiu gim dn nhit si (t tri qua phi) ca cc cht: CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O l:

A. H2O, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.B. CH3CHO, H2O, C2H5OH.C. H2O, CH3CHO, C2H5OH.D. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O.

Cu 8. Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong.

dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO.

(sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16).

A. CH3CH2CHO.B. CH2 = CHCHO.C. CH3CHO.D. HCHO.

Cu 9. X l hp cht hu c trong phn t ch cha C, H, O. X tham gia phn ng trng gng v cng tham gia phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c 0,3 mol gm CO2 v H2O. X l.

A. HCOOCH3.B. H- CO - CH2 - COOH.C. H - CO - COOH.D. HCOOH.

Cu 10. Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16).

A. 16,20.B. 6,48.C. 8,10.D. 10,12.

Cu 11. Trong cc hp cht di y, hp cht no sau y c tnh axit mnh nht?

A. CH3COOH.B. CF3COOH.C. CCl3COOH.D. CBr3COOH.

Cu 12. Cho 4 hp cht sau: CH3COOH, CF3COOH, CCl3COOH, CBr3COOH.

Hp cht c tnh axit mnh nht l:

A. CF3COOH.B. CBr3COOH.C. CH3COOH.D. CCl3COOH.

Cu 13. Axit acrylic (CH2=CHCOOH) khng tham gia phn ng vi.

A. NaNO3.B. H2/xt.C. dung dch Br2.D. Na2CO3.

Cu 14. Anehit X c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 36. S ng phn cu to c th c ca X l:

A. 2.B. 1.C. 3.D. 4.

Cu 15. S cht c phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 l:

A. 4.B. 2.C. 1.D. 3.

Cu 16. A, B l 2 axit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho hn hp gm 4,60 gam A v 6,0 gam B tc dng ht vi kim loi Na thu c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l:

A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.B. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH.C. HCOOH v CH3COOH.D. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.

Cu 17. Cho cc cht sau: C2H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH, C6H5OH.

Chiu tng dn linh ng ca nguyn t H trong cc nhm chc ca 4 cht l:

A. C6H5OH, C2H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH.B. C2H5OH, C6H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH.

C. C6H5OH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH.D. C2H5OH, C6H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH.

Cu 18. C 3 dung dch: CH3CHO, CH3COOH, HCOOH ng trong 3 l mt nhn. Ho cht c th dng phn bit ba dung dch trn l:

A. Qu tm, CuO.

B. qu tm, Na.

C. Qu tm, dung dch AgNO3/NH3.D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3, CuO.

Cu 19. Cho axit axetic tc dng vi ancol etylic d (H2SO4 c, to), kt thc th nghim thu c 0,3 mol etyl axetat vi hiu sut phn ng l 60%. Vy s mol axit axetic cn dng l:

A. 0,5 mol.B. 0,18 mol.C. 0,05 mol.D. 0,3 mol.

Cu 20. Cho 4,52 gam hn hp X gm C2H5OH, C6H5OH, CH3COOH tc dng va vi Na thy thot ra 896 ml kh ( ktc) v m gam hn hp rn. Gi tr ca m l:


Cu 21. Chia a gam CH3COOH thnh hai phn bng nhau.

Phn 1: trung ha va bi 0,5 lt dung dch NaOH 0,4M.

Phn 2: thc hin phn ng este ha vi C2H5OH thu c m gam este (gi s hiu sut phn ng l 100%). Gi tr ca m l:


Cu 22. t chy mt hn hp cc ng ng ca anehit ta thu c s mol CO2 = s mol H2O th l dy ng ng:

A. Anehit hai chc no.

B. Anehit n chc no.

C. anehit khng no, n chc.D. Anehit vng no.

Cu 23. t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit.

A. no, n chc.

B. no, hai chc.

C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc.D. khng no c hai ni i, n chc..

Cu 25. Khi cho glixerol tc dng vi hn hp 2 axit etanoic v metanoic. S lng sn phm c th to thnh ca phn ng este l:

A. 16 sn phm.B. 17 sn phm.C. 14 sn phm.D. 15 sn phm.

Cu 26. Cho s phn ng sau:

.

Bit X, Y, Z l cc hp cht hu c khc nhau v X cha no. Cng thc cu to ca X l cht no sau y?

A. (CH3)2C=CHCHO.B. CH3-H(CH3)CH2OH.C. (CH3)3CCHO.D. CH2=C(CH3)CHO.

Cu 27. un nng 18 gam CH3COOH vi 9,2 gam C2H5OH c mt H2SO4 c. Kt thc th nghim thu c 10,56 gam este. Hiu sut phn ng este ho bng.

A. 30%.B. 40%.C. 60%.D. 80%.

Cu 28. Cho cc cht sau: CH3COOH, C2H5COOH, CH3COOCH3, CH3CH2CH2OH.

Chiu tng dn nhit si (t tri qua phi) ca cc cht trn l:

A. CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3, C2H5COOH.B. CH3COOCH3, CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3COOH, C2H5COOH.

C. CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3, C2H5COOH.D. CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3, CH3CH2CH2OH, C2H5COOH.

Cu 29. Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l.

A. C3H7COOH.B. CH3COOH.C. C2H5COOH.D. HCOOH.

Cu 30. C bao nhiu ng phn cu to ca xeton c cng thc phn t C5H10O?

A. 2.B. 3.C. 5.D. 4.

Cu 31. Cho cc cht sau: CH3COOH, HCOOH, C6H5OH, CH2=CHCOOH, CH3CHO, CH3COCH3. Dy gm cc cht khng phn ng vi dung dch Br2 l:

A. CH3COOH, HCOOH, CH3COCH3.B. CH3COOH, CH3COCH3.

C. C6H5OH, CH2=CHCOOH, CH3CHO.D. CH3COOH, CH3COCH3, CH3CHO.

Cu 32. Mt hn hp X gm hai anehit A, B n chc. Cho 0,25 mol hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d to ra 86,40 gam kt ta. Bit MA < MB. A ng vi cng thc phn t no di y?

A. C2H3CHO.B. HCHO.C. CH3CHO.D. C2H5CHO.

Cu 33. Cho cc dung dch thuc th: AgNO3/NH3; Br2; Na2CO3; qu tm, KMnO4. S thuc th c th dng phn bit 3 cht: etanal (anehit axetic), propan2on (axeton) v pent1in (pentin1) l:

A. 1.B. 4.C. 3.D. 2.

Cu 34. phn ng este ho c hiu sut cao hn (to ra nhiu este hn), ta c th dng nhng bin php no trong s cc bin php sau.

1) tng nhit 2) dng H+ xc tc3) tng nng axit (hay ancol).

4) chng ct dn este ra khi mi trng phn ng.

A. 2,3.B. 3,4.C. 3.D. 1,2.

Cu 35. C bao nhiu ng phn anehit c cng thc phn t C5H10O?

A. 3.B. 6.C. 5.D. 4.

Cu 36. Cho 4 axit:

CH3COOH(X),Cl2CHCOOH(Y)

ClCH2COOH(Z),BrCH2COOH(T)

Chiu tng dn tnh axit ca cc axit cho l:

A. Y, Z, T, X.B. T, Z, Y, X.C. X, T, Z, Y.D. X, Z, T, Y.

Cu 37. trung ha 6,72 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc Y, cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l:

A. CH3COOH.B. C2H5COOH.C. C3H7COOH.D. HCOOH.

Cu 38. Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 tc dng vi NaOH to thnh cht Y c cng thc phn t C4H7O2Na. X l loi cht no di y?

A. Axit.B. Phenol.C. Ancol.D. Este.

Cu 39. Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l:

A. T, Z, Y, X.B. T, X, Y, Z.C. Z, T, Y, X.D. Y, T, X, Z.

Cu 40. Brom phn ng vi axit butiric (X) sinh ra CH3CHBrCH2COOH (Y) hoc CH3CH2CHBrCOOH (Z) hoc BrCH2CH2CH2COOH (T) ty theo iu kin phn ng. Chiu tng dn tnh axit (t tri qua phi) ca cc axit trn l:

A. T, Z, Y, X.B. X, Y, Z, T.C. Y, Z, T, X.D. X, T, Y, Z.

Cu 41. Hp cht hu c X (CxHyOz) c phn t khi nh hn 90 g/mol. X tham gia phn ng trng gng v c th tc dng vi H2/Ni, t0, sinh ra mt ancol c cacbon bc bn trong phn t. Cng thc ca X l:

A. (CH3)3CCH2CHO.B. (CH3)2CHCHO.C. (CH3)3CCHO.D. (CH3)2CHCH2CHO.

Cu 42. Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht c phn ng vi C2H5CHO l:

A. 1.B. 2.C. 3.D. 4.

Cu 43. Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108).

A. CH3CH(OH)CHO.B. OHC-CHO.C. CH3CHO.D. HCHO.

Cu 44. Trong cng nghip anehit fomic c iu ch trc tip t cht no di y?

A. Cacbon.B. Metyl axetat.C. Metanol.D. Etanol.

Cu 45. Cho 13,4 gam hn hp X gm hai axit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng tc dng vi Na d, thu c 17,8 gam mui. Khi lng ca axit c s nguyn t cacbon t hn c trong X l:


Cu 46. Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Ton b lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l:

A. HCHO.B. CH3CH2CHO.C. CH3CHO.D. CH2 = CHCHO.

Cu 47. t chy hon ton 1,46 gam mt axit hu c nhiu ln axit ngi ta thu c 1,344 lt kh CO2 (o ktc) v 0,9 gam nc. Cng thc nguyn n gin ca axit l:

A. (C2H4O2)n.B. (C2H3O2)n.C. (C3H5O2)n.D. (C4H7O2)n.

Cu 48. Phn 1: Cho phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam bc kim loi.

trung ha hon ton phn 2 cn 200,0 ml dung dch NaOH 1,0M.

Cng thc ca hai axit l:

A. CH3COOH, C2H5COOH.B. CH3COOH, C3H7COOH.C. HCOOH, C3H7COOH.D. HCOOH, C2H5COOH.

Cu 49. phn bit axit fomic v axetic c th dng.

A. Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng.B. CaCO3.

C. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3.D. Dung dch NH3.

Cu

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