How to Stay Alert and Active in Publication Game?

Tips for Planning Doctoral Studies

Vijay K. AroraUTM Distinguished Visiting Professor

Wilkes University, U. S.A.Web: web.wilkes.edu/vijay.arora/

E-Mail: vijay.arora@wilkes.edu

Adam Smith, “An Enquiry into Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations” (1776)The wealth is created by laisse-faire economy and free trade

John Maynard Keynes, “The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money” (1936)The wealth is created by careful government planning and government stimulation of economy

Twenty-First Century ParadigmThe wealth is created by innovations and inventions by enhancing the creativity of brain by taming the mind

Motivation and Economics of Nations

Why Publish?Publish or parishPublish and flourishSportsmanshipEconomic benefits for the self, the

community. And the nationIntellectual satisfactionMind-body health for spiritual enhancementPublish for fun-a gameLifelong learning-search and re-search

Research for Life

Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day.

Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.

Research to ScholarshipPEDS-Planetary Model

KnowledgeBank Engagement

Propagation/Promulgation

Discovery

Synthesis

Science and Engineering

Scientists study the word as it exists ― It is a process of analysis

Engineers create the world that never existed ― It is a process of synthesis in pursuit of human needs, wants, goals as an organization embraces CHANGE

Scientists work under certainty, engineers face a lot of uncertainty and hence rely on statistical processes and quality control

Engineering-A Process of Synthesis

21st Engineer-Entrepreneur, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Volume 45(5), pp. 106 – 114, October 2003, downloadable from IEEEXplore

Also downloadable from ASEE Website: http://www.asee.org/conferences/ and click on Conference Proceedings Search

Website contains proceedings of annual conferences of the ASEE held in June every year, covers variety of topics.

Creativity and Innovation

Good engineering comes from synthesis.

And where does synthesis come from?

Synthesis comes from analysis.

Where does analysis come from?

Analysis comes from the fundamental sciences.

Buidling Bridges

Traditional Engineering: Physics, chemistry, and mathematics at its core

Traditional Liberal Arts: Astronomy, arithmetic, geometry, music (quadrivium); and logic, rhetoric, and grammar (trivium)

Biology and Entrepreneurship: supplement the traditional engineering paradigms.

A New Liberal Art: TechnopreneurshipAbility Attributes: Washington Accord /MQA/

Research and Teaching Outcomes

Strategy for Change

Relevant to the lives and career of students, preparing them for a broad range of careers, as well as for lifelong learning involving both formal programs and hands-on experience.

Attractive so that the excitement and intellectual content of discipline will attract highly talented students with a wide variety of background and career interest.

Connected to the needs and issues of the broader community through integrated activities with other parts of the educational system, industry, and government.

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Six levels in the cognitive domain from propagation/promulgation rising to the level of discovery/ judgment

Knowledge

Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Remembering facts, principles, steps in a

sequence, etc Action verbs: arrange, define, duplicate, label, list,

memorize, name, order, recognize, relate, recall, repeat, reproduce, and state

Understanding

Scholarship of learning to comprehend acquired knowledge

Ability to explain what is known Translate to new forms and symbols Extrapolate and interpolate Action verbs: classify, describe, discuss, explain,

express, identify, indicate, locate, recognize, report, restate, review, select, and translate

Applications

Engagement with constituenciesUse of the learned material in new situationsApply concepts, principles, rules, theories, and

laws to find solutions to new problems. Action verbs: apply, choose, demonstrate,

dramatize, employ, illustrate, interpret, operate, practice, schedule, sketch, solve, use, and write.

Analysis

Breaking a system apart for understanding relationships among its components

Example: analyzing an amplifier circuit using what is learned about transistors.

Action verbs : analyze, appraise, calculate, categorize, compare, contrast, criticize, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, question, and test.

Synthesis

Putting together parts to form a new whole—that did not exist before.

Professionals do this when they write research proposals, papers, design new procedures, experiments, etc.

Action verbs : arrange, assemble, collect, compose, construct, create, design, develop, formulate, manage, organize, plan, prepare, propose, set up, and write.

Evaluation

Using what is known about a subject area to make critical judgments.

Rating ideas or objects and to accept or reflect materials based on standards.

Making unbiased judgment on a peer’s work Action verbs: appraise, argue, assess, attach,

choose, compare, defend, estimate, judge, predict, rate, core, select, support, value, and evaluate.

Uncertainty in Research

Edison was asked:How does it feel to have failed so many times in his efforts to make a light bulb?

Edison replied:I have successfully found thousand of ways how not to make a light bulb!

OIC and the WorldOIC and the World

• Scientists/engineers/technologists per 1000 population:• OIC: 8.5• OECD: 139.3• World: 40.7

• Contributions to World Science Literature:• 46 Muslim Countries: 1.17%• India 1.66%• Spain 1.48%• Arab World 0.55%• Israel 0.89%

Malaysia and World

Physics papers

Physics citations

All science papers

All science citations

Malaysia 690 1 685 11 287 40 925

Pakistan 846 2 952 7 934 26 958

Saudi Arabia

836 2 220 14 538 49 654

Morocco 1 518 5 332 9 979 35 011

Iran 2 408 9 385 25 400 76 467

Egypt 3 064 11 211 26 276 90 056

Turkey 5 036 21 798 88 438 299 808

Brazil 18 571 104 245 128 687 642 745

India 26 241 136 993 202 727 793 946

China 75 318 298 227 431 859 1 637 287

USA 201 062 2 332 789 2 732 816 35 678 385

High Technology

Percentage High-Technology versus Total Percentage High-Technology versus Total Manufactured ExportsManufactured ExportsMalaysia 58% Iran 2%Pakistan 1%Egypt 0%Saudi Arabia 0%Turkey 2%Morocco 11%

Emerging TechnologiesEmerging Technologies

Brain’s Circuits

Time Magazine, January 18, 2007

Training the MindCreating the Brain

The New Map Of The Brain There are uncharted worlds inside your head, but science is drawing a map (e. g. brain atlas by Microsoft)

The Mystery of Consciousness 100 billion jabbering neurons create the knowledge--or illusion--that you're here

How The Brain Rewires Itself Not only can the brain learn new tricks, but it can also change its structure and function--even in old age

Lessons for Handling Stress Take a deep breath. Now exhale slowly. You've just taken the first step toward managing stress and avoiding burnout

Meditation to enhance right brain while quieting the left part (utilize whole brain to infuse diversity of thinking processes)

Brain Dominance

LogicalFactualCritical

TechnicalAnalytical

Quantitative

VisualHolisticIntuitiveInnovativeConceptualImaginative

ConservativeStructuredSequentialOrganizedDetailedPlanned

InterpersonalKinestheticEmotionalSpiritualSensoryFeeling

Number CrunchersHuman MachinesAchievement-orientedPerformance-driven

AdministratorsBureaucratsProduction-orientedTask-driven

TeachersSocial workersFeeling-orientedValue-driven

EntrepreneursExplorersFuture-orientedRisk-driven

Ned Herman: Creative Brain

Paradigm Shift

Building Community

Problem Definition—Explorer and DetectiveIdea Generation—ArtistCreative Idea Evaluation—EngineerIdea Judgment—JudgeSolution Implementation—Producer Creative team environment for ideas to flourish─Playing the research gameWhole-brain thinkers as facilitators, coaches or mentors for diverse playersEncouragement for converging ideas

Approaches

Top-Down Approach: What graduates need to know and be able to do?

Life-Cycle Approach: Process of continuous improvement based on mission and benchmarks.

Efficiency Enhancement Approach: Total quality management and accountability.

Interdisciplinary Approach: Isolation to integration. Criteria Development Approach: Success and

benchmarking on key performance indicators

ProfessionalismWhole Brain

ThinkingModels of Engineering

CurriculumScientific Paradigms

Left Brain(Vertical)

Right Brain(Lateral)

Traditional Holistic Deterministic Chaotic

Sequential Holistic Reductionist Integrative Reductionist Integrative

Linear Diffuse Develop Order CorrelateChaos

Linear Non-Linear

Concrete Symbolic EngineeringScience

FunctionalCore ofEngineering

Discrete Data Visual

Analytical Intuitive Analysis Synthesis DeductiveAnalysis

IntuitiveSynthesis

Independent Cooperative Independance Teamwork Specialist Interdisciplinary

Positive Spontaneous Solve Problems FormulateProblems

StaticUnderstanding

DynamicUnderstanding

Explicit Emotional Research Design Explicit Implicit/Trial &Error

Goal-Oriented

Process-Oriented

Techno-Scientific Base

SocietalContext

End Points Process

Verbal Nonverbal UnderstandCertainty

HandleAmbiguity

Certainty Lack ofCertainty

Numbers Pattern AbstractLearning

ExperientialLearning

Algebra Geometry

Value Free Value Laden

Source: G. D. Catalino, J, of Engin Edu, pp 11-14, January 1996.

Information Matrix-Strategy for Writing a Good Paper

Feature Purpose Multiplicity

Mix and Match

Achievements

Say what you are going to say

Title Abstract Introduction Did you capture the reader’s attention?

Say itPurpose Develop

mentOutcomesResults Discussion

Was the foundation (body) of the paper strong?

Say what you have said

Conclusions

Summary References Did you cite and recite the other?

Checkpoints

Purpose achieved?

Story told varied times and ways?

Match other references?

coherence and logical flow?

ConclusionsCuriosity through research interplaying with reason gives us science; science interplaying with necessity gives us engineering. The interaction of science and engineering is what helps bring about understanding of the world, connecting with the world, thereby contributing to the transformation of the world. By integrating curiosity, reason and necessity, Malaysia and World will play its part, hopefully a big part, in building the global knowledge community, dedicated to transforming our world into a better place.

Final Word

If you are planning for a year, sow riceIf you are planning for a decade, plant a treeIf you are planning for a lifetime, educate a person

in you through search, and continue the life journey through re-search

If you are coming to the end of training in the university, consider research as a life-time discovery process for you to be a leader to affect change in your circle of influence