HRVATSKI NERETVANSKI ZBORNIK BR.1

8/13/2019 HRVATSKI NERETVANSKI ZBORNIK BR.1

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K_^[\H JN_N[\GJG @ Q_@MG[NBMG JN_N[\N ^ ]GC_NO^

]g `zkgvgg=Buig \bgehv`

Cbgvj` urnkjì=Ttmnpgj nnbm

[nejì` urnkjì=\nkrgj Kgf`

^rnkj`d`=Buig \bgehv`, \nkrgj Kgf`, \`jih F`h, Ttmnpgj nnbm, Jìh Qgvbhv`,Mhzh Fgrnv`, Trnih @b`, Fgt`mg Fgg \ni`, ]krgvih Igphv`, ]hrgj Dur`,

[hf`sbgv Qhp`, Krgcgj Murihv`, Khfgchm \`khv`, Gjnbg Fgtnbmgi,Gjthj`mg \`khv`, Murn @b`

Bnithr`=Khfgchm \`khv`, Gjnbg Fgtnbmgi, Gjthj`mg \`khv`

Ihrnithr=Khfgchm \`khv`

Bìhvjh rmnnjmn ihr`dn=Fgr`mgjg ur` Ogbk`j`

Crglìh hobìhvgjmn ` pr`mnbhf=F`bmnjig Ttgjihv`

[`sgi=Crglìg Fgriub`j, k.h.h.


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IG]GBH

B@MNQG JGG KHFH\@JH............................................................... 4IJN] KHFGCHM ............................................................................. >

G^[H IG_[G ................................................................................... 1. HOBMN[J@DG HKBGTIG @] FN[IH\@G HF@BMNJHCG

^QJ@IG L_G \MNIN \_@G ................................................... ?>. HOBMN[J@DG TF_[@ Q_HL. K_. L_G F@BGJG N[IN ..................... ?>0711. HOBMN[J@DG _HNJMG L_G ON_JG_K@JG ONO@G .................... ?


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B@MNQG JGG KHFH\@JH

B`mnpg jgg khfhv`jh,Hm mujgig znfbmh f`bg,Ttgrn sbgvn kmnkhv`jh,

Kg o` vgzkg srntjg o`bg!F`bg, igjh s` jgf sbgvjg,

F`bg s` jgf t` mnk`jg.F`bg, iukg s` jgf rgvjg,

F`bg, iukg s` pbgj`jg!

[nd` Krgvh, Tgvh tnd`,J`t' t` Kujgv s`bu cuo`,

T`jmn fhrn sv`mntu rnd`,Kg svhm jgrhk Ervgt bmuo`.

Khi fu jm`vn sujdn cr`mn,Khi fu ergn ourg v`mn,

Khi fu frtvn crhogi ir`mn,Khi fu `vh srdn o`mn!


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>

IJN] KHFGCHM

Ttmnpgj Tihih= sphfnj`i ijnzu Khfgchmu u \`ku


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Q_HTBH\ E_\G[TIHF^ JN_N[\GJTIHF

]OH_J@I^

Krgc` Jnrntvgj` ` pr`mgtnbm` Jnrntvn! Jgihj utnfnbmnjmg Krutvg Jnrntvg-jg ` pr`mgtnbmg Jnrntvn, urnnjmg krutvnjè prhsthr`mg u ]gcrnou tn uspmnjhupr`b`njè kv`mu jh` Jnrntvgjg ht`sjub` sfh sn u trn` phtevgt ihm` sfh jgzvgb`

Ervgtsi` jnrntvgjsi` zohrjì. nbmg jgf mn o`bg prìup`t` tnisthvn h Jnrntv` igh` `jn urgtin ihm` svmnkhn h kueu Jnrntvn, jmnz`jn bmnphtn, fhcujhst`, gb` `tnisthvn h phtnihgfg s ihm`fg sn susrnu Jnrntvgj` kgjhf`dn. ^vrst`b` sfh `tnisthvn hjè ihm` su phtnib` `z jnrntvgjsihcg irgmg igh ` hjè ihm` su cg `sirnjhzgvhbmnb` ` kgrhvgb` fu sn pg è s phuzkgjmnf fhnfh prhzvgt` pr`mgtnbm`fgJnrntvn. Hvgm o` zohrjì trnogh phigzgt` kuehvjn prhtncn Jnrntvgjg ` jmèh-vn khsncn u rgzj`f phkrum`fg u ihm`fg hj` jnkvhmonjh zguz`fgmu vhkngfmnstg. Jh, thjh mn kg sn `pgi u jmnfu jn n prhjg` fjhc` hk hjè zg ihmnzjgknfh kg su sn trnogb` u jmnfu phmgv`t` sg svhm`f rgkhf. F` sn jn igj`fhzgustgv`t` jg prvhfn orhmu jnch phz`vgfh, ` hv`f uvhkj`f tnisthf, svn ihm`fhcu g j`su pr`j`mnb` jg pbgkgjm hvhcg jnrntvgjsihcg prv`mnjdg kg sn prìbmun` kg tgih `z orhmg u orhm phigzumnfh svnervgtsihm mgvjhst` svhmu fh, fh jg-è kmnbg. Mg sgf, `sirnjh chvhrn`, kuch vrnfnjg `fgh ihfpbnis zohc irgmgu ihmnfu sgf rhnj cbnkgmu` cg u hkjhsu jgprgfg jni`f kruc`f ervgtsi`firgmnv`fg, gb` kgjgs s phuzkgjmnf fhcu rn` kg thcg ihfpbnisg jnfg, ` mh ithfn zjgf kg mn hj o`h jnhprgvkgj, g mgvbmgh f` sn zohc kuehvjn srnnjhst`krucè srnk`jg ihmn su `sius`bn vbgst`t` chvhr irhz vbgst`tn ijm`cn, sbìn, pg ` prnk-

stgvn, l`bfhvn, rgk`msin prhcrgfn ` gshp`sn, g u jhv`mn vr`mnfn ` tnbnv`z`msinprhcrgfn. [h svn Jnrntvg kuch, kuch j`mn `fgbg ` mh fjhch hk thcg jnfgtgih kg su sn Jnrntvgj` fhrgb` gl`rf`rgt` `zvgj Jnrntvn uz kgbnih tnn uvmntn.@ u thfn sfh sn jgkfntgjmu usp`mnvgb` phtvrk`t`! [n uspmnen nb`fh phigzgt` `phtvrk`t` uErvgtsihfn jnrntvgjsihf zohrjìu. Fhkg hvhf pr`chkhf ` jnnfh u thfn phsvnfg uspmnt`, gb` f` vmnrumnfh u tn tvrkjmn, g sbmnkn` n orhmnv`phigzgt` jmèhvu hprgvkgjhst ` thjhst.

J`mn hvh prv` put kg sn phmgvbmumn zohrjì phk hv`f `fnjhf ` j`mn hvhprv` put kg sn Jnrntvg kh`vbmgvg jg chthvh `sthvmntgj jg`j. \n sn mn mnkjhfkhchk`bh kg sn Jnrntvg stgbg hiupbmgt` hih sgfn snon ` svhmè vr`mnkjhst`. O`bh


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mn th u`jmnjh zgibmuihf hcrgjgig Fgt`dn ervgtsin ` phkruj`dg Ervgtsihcgiubturjhc krutvg Jgprnkgi`z Fntihv`g, Hpuznjg, gpbm`jn, Crukg, Ihf`-jg, Ihjm`dg, Bmuouihcg, Fhstgrg, Jnufg, Tthdg, Qhsumg, Qrhzhrg, `rhihcgOr`mncg ` \rchrdg u Fntihvù u b`pjmu 7007. Qrv` (` jggbhst mnk`j`) orhm thcgzohrjìg phmgv`h sn 7004. Qrhbh mn hk tgkg nsjgnst chk`jg ` nvh sn sgkg tgm

prhsthr `fnjumn igh Crgk Jnrntvg. Guthr mn ` zgchvgrg jgvnknjn s`jtgcfnprnksmnkjì Krutvg Jnrntvgjg ` pr`mgtnbmg Jnrntvn Buig \bgehv`, ihm` u phsno-jhfn tnistu u Ervgtsihfn jnrntvgjsihf zohrjìup`n h jmnfu jg zgj`fbm`v `phv`mnsjh prncbnkgj jg`j `, kgpgn, phz`vg jgs kg sn ` hshojh uibmu`fh uprhmnit Crgk Jnrntvgvmnrumu` u jmnchvh h`vhtvhrnjmn.

^ pr`prnf` ` urn`vgjmu prvhcg orhmg Ervgtsihcg jnrntvgjsihc zohrjìgpr`phfhcb` su= Buig \bgehv`, Jìh Qgvbhv`, ]krgvih Igphv`, ]hrgj Dur`,[hf`sbgv Qhp`, Gjnbg Fgtnbmgi, Fgt`mg Fgg \ni`, \`jih F`h, Trnih @b`,Murn @b`, Gjthj`mg \`khv`, Mhzh Fgrnv` ` Krgcgj Murihv`. Hsho`th vnbì trukubh`b` su \nkrgj Kgf`, igh vnhfg phkuzntgj ` u`jihv`t tnejì` urnkjì, tnKhfgchm \`khv`, ihm` sn phtvrk`h igh vrstgj zjgbgd mnzìhsbhvjn struin ` vhgbnithrsihcg t`fg ihm` mn uibmu`vgh ` Gjnbu Fgtnbmgi ` Gjthj`mu \`khv`. Evgbg `fjg zguznthst` ` prnkgjhst` u rgku zg Jnrntvu.

Jnrntvgj` ` pr`mgtnbm` Jnrntvn, prnkgmnfh vgf u ruinErvgtsi` jnrntvgjsi`zohrjì, phz`vgfh vgs jg `zcrgkjmu Crgkg Jnrntvn` jg surgkjmu u ouku`forhmnv`fg jgncg zohrjìg.

Ttmnpgj nnbm,]gcrno


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C_GK JN_N[\G

^ pmnsf` \`shi` mgobgj [`j ^mnv` ign=

Hj` `fgmu v`shig nbg, v`mhrjn ihsn, `rhin cruk`9hk crhfhrg jm`jg cbgsg, ufg ` fhrn sn ouk`,g igkg ruihf fgeju, hozhr` sv`mntg sn `rn

` oujn, ` prhk`ru u v`s, u nt`rn.^ `vhtu sv` f` v`gfh bmukn ihm` stgbjh iuigmu, tn ir`v `f hvgm, tn hjgm, tnir`vg `f krgvg ` uv`mni `f mn jntih ir`v th j`tg jn phstù u `vhtu, gb` `fg `bmuk` `z [`jhvn pmnsfn, bmuk` sgjmgrg, v`z`hjgrg ihm` phirnu sv`mnt ` ihmn nsthfjhc` jn rgzuf`mu.

Igkg sgf o`h fgb`, igkg sgf sbugh svhmn kmnkhvn ` susmnkn ihm` su u hjhkhog o`b` u Gustrgb`m`, Qgjgf`, Grcnjt`j`, Gfnr`d`, k`v`h sgf sn jmèhvhm ergorh-st` ` sjgz` kg hku u jhvh ` jnphzjgth.

Qbhvn` s ghj ph Fgigrsihf pr`fhrmu ` ph hthd`fg hk Ihrubn kh hbtnuphzjgh sgf fjhch bmuk` fbgkè kuehf ` sevgt`h kg sn fhrgf kru`t` s bmuk`-fg ihm` nbn jnth jhvh, ihm` nbn f`mnjmgt` stgrh, g `zomncgvgt` bmukn ihm` stgbjhiuigmu.

^h`h sgf kg fjhc` bmuk` j`su `fgb` uvmntn zg ihbhvgjmn, gb` kg su vr`mnk-j`, pgfntj` ` kg zjgmu rgzbìhvgt` o`tjh hk jno`tjhc tn kg u svhmhm srnk`j` rgknkhorn ` vr`mnkjn stvgr`, g fjhc` ihbhvgj` butgmu u svhf bgrpurbgrt`zfu.

Igk ehn, fhn - th sv` zjgfh. [gih sgf u stuknjtsi`f kgj`fg kvgputhsjhvgh zgv`gmjh krutvh stuknjgtg, g jn tgih kgvjh sgf sg svhm`f pr`mgtn-

bm`fg hsjhvgh ` Krutvh Jnrntvgjg ` pr`mgtnbmg Jnrntvn. ]gevgbmumu` fjhc`fkhor`f bmuk`fg urnk`b` sfh prhsthr`mn Krutvg ` kgjgs `zkgmnfh prv` Ervgtsi`jnrntvgjsi` zohrjì.

@ sgkg f` sn hpnt jnth vrt` u cbgv` pg sn f`sb`f= jgg Jnrntvg fhn v`n,fjhch v`n. Jgu`fh jnth `z phv`mnst` Jnrntvn ` jg phcrmnigfg ihmn su u`-jmnjn prnfg Jnrntv` jmnz`j`f bmuk`fg. Tmnt`fh sn sgfh igih su fjhc` fhj`d`fu`b` ` cr`b` Jnrntvu sg svhm`f ir`v`f hkbuigfg. Hk Hpuznjg kh ug kgjgs,jg fmnstu ckmn sn jnih jgbgz`h Fhkr`, kgjgs rgstu fgjkgr`jn ph ? iujn, gjhv` o` ogrogr` jg thf fmnstu etmnb` `crgb`tg zg chbl, g fhcbh sn krui`mn, fhcbhsn hstgv`t` ` Fhkr` ` fnb`hr`rgt` tgm prhsthr jg ohbm` jg`j.


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th mn o`bh, o`bh mn. Jhvh mn vr`mnfn prnk jgfg. Crgkn sn jhvn dnstn, ih-bumu sn fbgk` bmuk`, khbgz` vr`mnfn vnbìè, kgbnihsnjè hkbuig zg jgu Jnrntvuckmn v`n jnfgfh prgvh jg phcrmnin. ]gth, siup`fh cbgvn sv` siupg stvhr`fhjhvu Jnrntvu - C_GK JN_N[\^.

]gth Crgk Jnrntvg8 ]gth th hk Tpb`tg kh Kuorhvjìg, hs`f Fgigrsin,

jnfg vnncg crgkg pg th phkrumn sgfh ph sno` trg` jhvh vnn srnk`tn. J`mnb` sn u stgrh khog tu jgbgz`bg Jgrhjg, g `tgvh mn `rn phkrumn o`bh vnbìh chs-phkgrsih-iubturjh srnk`tn.

Tv` Jnrntvgj`, onz hoz`rg jg th ckmn `v`fh, phfhz`fh kg jgg Jnrntvg`v` ohbm`f `vhthf! Jnrntvg u chsphkgrsihf, iubturjhf ` sphrtsihf phcbnkusg svhm`f `r`f phkrumnf hk Jnufg, [rpjmg, Krvnjìg, Bmuouihc, Fnuchrmg,gpbm`jn ` Tthdg, s pr`rhkj`f prnk`sphz`d`mgfg tn vr`mnkj`f ` pgfntj`f bmuk`fgfhn fjhch v`n ` ohbmn.

]gth jnig sn sv` v`z`hjgr` ` sv` bmuk` ihm` nbn khorh Jnrntv` usprgvn ` k`cjusvhm cbgs u hv`f tni`f vrnfnj`fg zg jhvh khog, zg jhvu Jnrntvu.

@ jnig `v` Crgk Jnrntvg.

Buig \bgehv`,]gcrno


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K_^[\H JN_N[\GJG @ Q_@MG[NBMG JN_N[\N^ ]GC_NO^

@j`d`mgt`vu zg hsj`vgjmn Krutvg Jnrntvgjg ` pr`mgtnbmg Jnrntvn u ]gcrn-ou phirnu Buig \bgehv`, \nkrgj Kgf`, F`bn J`ihb` ` Krgcgj Murihv`. ^zphfh J`in Qgvbhv`g rgvjgtnbmg Igzgb`tg Ihfnk`mg pr`prnfbmnjh mn sgz`-vgjmn hsj`vgin siupt`jn ihmg mn hkrgjg 77. vnbmgn ?11


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Jìh Qgvbhv`, ]krgvih Igphv`, Fgt`mg \um`dg, Tt`pn nnbm, Fbgknj Ou`,]vhjih Cbgfuz`jg, ]krgvih Fgtnbmgi, Fgr`dg Cu`jg, Khfgchm \`khv`, @vgjF`nt`, Gjtn Mnbgv` bgjhv`.

Tbìg ?. Tiupt`jg mn phnbg.

Jgkzhrj` hkohr `jn=Orgjih Jìhb` prnksmnkjìtn]r`jih Fgrihtg, \mnih Fgrt`jhv`, @v`dg Jìhbgd, Mhzh ucuf bgjhv`.gsj` suk=

Trnih @b` prnksmnkjìF`bmnjih Kgf`, ]hr`sbgv Igbno bgjhv`.

Tbìg 4. @j`d`mgthr` hsj`vgjmg Krutvg Jnrntvgjg.


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Qhntihf sv`ojmg ?11


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Tbìg 3. Jh Jnrntvgjg phzkrgv prnksmnkjìg.

Tbìg


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Tbìg 5. \nnrgs mn jgg lntg.

Tbìg 0. Fhm cgbnon u `zvnko` prhl. kr. ]krgvig Igphv`g.

Jh Jnrntvgjg ihmg sn hkrgvg svgin chk`jn u vnbmg` phstgbg mn khcggmzg ihm` sn trg` igrtg v`n.

Hv`f sn zohrjìhf `r` phkrumn kmnbhvgjmg Krutvg.

\nkrgj Kgf`,]gcrno


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7. D`pb`` jg d`bmu.


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Jg irgmu D`pb`` zguz`fgmu kvgknsnt ` ntvrth fmnsth. Jh, igk vn j`sufhcb` o`t` prv`, ogrnf su o`b` ohbm` hk crgksihc r`vgbg, ni`pn ^krucn bggrg]gcrnog. Jn hkvn rgzhgrgj` rnzubtgthf, jgzvgv` hvgm Fgrgthj sgfh uvnr-t`rhf zg hjn ihm` khbgzn, D`pb`` vn khchk`jn jgmgvbmumu phehk jg prvhfmnsth.

Lgvhr`t`, uvgmtn sn!^krucg bggrg D`pb``=Lrgjn Org`dg, Fgtn Kgf`, \òhr Khk`c, Lrgjn Cgrfg, Fgrih Igtgb`j`,

Ervhmn I`jkb, Gjtn Irngi, Fgrhmn Fgtgjg, Irn`f`r Fìubgjkrg, Fgr`j _g`,Fgr`j \bgehv` ` [èhf`r \um`.

Fgtn Kgf`,]gcrno


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OHG_TI@ IB^O JN_N[\G @] ]GC_NOG

Hsj`vgig siupt`jg Ohgrsihc ibuog JN_N[\G hkrgjg mn


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Tbìg ?. Oh`j` khfmnjgi ohgrsihc ibuog "Jnrntvg" u prhsthru krutvg Jnrntvgjg.

]g svhmn krutvnjn git`vjhst` ibuo sn sbu` prhsthr`mgfg Krutvg Jnrntvgjg` pr`mgtnbmg Jnrntvn, g zg jgtmndgjmn n sn pr`mgv`t` jg mnkjhf hk zgcrnogièohgb`tg.

Jgihj th su u prhtnibhf rgzkhobmu hogvbmnjn svn lhrfgbjhst` hih pr`mgvn` rnc`strgd`mn ibuog, irnjubh sn u pr`prnfgjmn ni`pn zg sbuonjg jgtmndgjmg.

Tbìg 4. Oh`j` khfmnjgi ohgrsihc ibuog "Jnrntvg" u prhsthru krutvg Jnrntvgjg.


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[`mnihf rumjg ` b`sthpgkg ?115. hrcgj`z`rgj` su ` prv` trnj`jz`, jgogvbmnjgmn sphrtsig hprnfg, g rgzchvgrg sn ` s jnihbìh `crgg `z Jnrntvgjsin khb`jnihm` vn jgstupgmu zg jni` hk zgcrnogiè ibuohvg. Qrv` tgigv rgzchvhr urhk`hmn pbhkhf, tgih kg mn phzjgt` zgcrnogi` hkvmntjì Trnih @b` `z OI IGFNJprngh u OI JN_N[\G, g t`mnihf s`mnjmg ?110. hniumn sn prnbgzgi mh

jnihbìh jhvè `crgg (Mhcuj`dg, Ohihv`) tn o`, uz ]vhjig Qbngg ` jnihbìhfbgè ohgrg, OI JN_N[\G fhcbg `fgt` v`n jnch shb`kgj sgstgv igk snuibmu` u sbuonjg jgtmndgjmg jg prhbmnn ?110.

F`rih \hbgrnv`,]gcrno


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G_ENHBHI@ F^]NM JG_HJG

Jgihj grenhbhiè `strg`vgjmg 700>. ` snjzgd`hjgbjhc jgbgzg hstgtgigr`fsihcGucustnufg` 7< fhjufnjtgbjè siubpturg rhk`bg sn `knmg h `zcrgkjm`fuznmg `j s`tu, jg sgfhfn grenhbhihf bhigb`tntu.

Kgjg 70. srpjmg ?11;. svngjh mn phbhnj igfnj tnfnbmgd zg ouku` fu-znm `mg mn crgkjmg o`bg `zj`fjh sbhnjg ` ckmn sn fhrgbh pgz`t jg gjtìu gre`-

tnituru fhzgìn. Crgkjmg mn tnibg ph pbgju Grenhbhi` fuznm Jgrhjg svngjhmn htvhrnj 75. svòjmg ?113.[h mn prv` fuznm `j s`tu u Ervgtsihm, g ` Nurhp` mn mnkgj hk r`mntiè fuznmg

ihm` jg tgm jg`j svhmu crgu prnkstgvbmg mgvjhst`. stgbjhfn phstgvu rnihjstru`rgj` prnkhnj r`fsi`Gucustnuf, ergf phsvnnj dgru Gucustu (`z @. st. pr. Ir.), hstgd`z`khvg crgnv`jg ihmn su jnih pr`pgkgbn gjtìhm Jgrhj` tn ohcgt` grenhbhi`fgtnr`mgb. Fuznm mn hsf`bmnj igh grenhbhi` pgri tn hs`f phstgvg `sprnk sgfhcgFuznmg jg chrjmhm tnrgs` phsthm` bgp`kgr`m s k`mnbhv`fg gre`tniturn gjtìhc ergfgigh ` sphfnj`d` ihm` su pr`pgkgb` hstgb`f sncfnjt`fg `vhtg gjtìn Jgrhjn.

Gjtìg Jgrhjg ` khb`jg r`mnin Jnrntvn kh sgkg su o`bn grenhbhi` chthvhjn`strgnj`, g `zcrgkjmhf Fuznmg u \`ku stvhr`t n sn uvmnt` zg grenhbhig `strg-`vgjmg jn sgfh gjtìn Jgrhjn jnch ` fjhchorhmjè prgphv`mnsjè crgk`jg `tufubg (chf`bg) jg hihbj`f ork`fg, igh ` bhigb`tntg `z srnkjmncg v`mnig.

Jgihj cruoè onthjsiè rgkhvg jg zcrgk` Fuznmg ` hsbhoggjmg cbgvjn`zbhonjn kvhrgjn hk k`zgb`dg ` sinbg pr`stup`bh sn ihjznrvgthrsih-rnstgurgthr-si`f rgkhv`fg jg sgfhf Gucustnufu ` fhzgìu ihm` sn jgbgz` `zvgj zcrgknFuznmg. _gkhv` su phnb` 7. ihbhvhzg ?11


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su hvkmn `zvhrjh stgmgbn hkjnsnjn su jgihj runjmg ergfg. Hstgbh mn sguvgjh74 htnnjè pbhg tgih kg sn ph jm`fg fhcbg jgprgv`t` rnihjstruid`mg. Qr`bìhfphstgvbmgjmg igfnjg prhvunjg mn nbnitr`jg jstgbgd`mg zg hsvmntbmgvgjmn v`tr`jgs jgbgz`fg.

Tb`mnk`b` su rgkhv` jg fhzgìu u sgfhm dnbbgnergfg. Jgihj th sfh uibhj`b`

krvnju zgt`tu, v`kmnbh sn kg mn fhzgì u pr`b`jh bhnf stgjmu. Trnk`jm` mn k`h o`hhkjnsnj jg rnstgurgd`mu, g hstgtgi mn fhzgìg trnogbh uvrst`t`. [h sn rgk`bh ph-snoj`f vnz`vj`f srnkstv`fg ihmg su ufntgjg `zfnu ihdi`dg fhzgìg. Trnk`jm`mn k`h vrgnj jg svhmn `zvhrjh fmnsth, g jgihj zgvrntig rgkhvg `tgv mn fhzgìprnfgzgj svhmnvrsj`f zgt`tj`f bgihf. [gihnr mn jg `st` jg`j o`bh phtrnojhuvrst`t` r`fsiu ouiu ihmg mn `f`t`rgbg frgfhr, g jgbgz`bg sn jg trò`j` ` jg vgjm-si`f z`khv`fg ergfg.

Khi su trgmgb` rnstgurgthrsih-ihjznrvgthrsi` rgkhv`, jg hstgtiu zcrgkn zvh-k`b` su sn zgvrj` rgkhv` igh ` fhjtgg nb`jn pbgtlhrfn ihmg sn jgbgz` `zg erg-fg, g jg ihmhm mn kgjgs k`h stgbjhc phstgvg.

Ihjdnf ?11


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Igh rgvjgtnbm Fuznmg ` khfg`j prv` sgf sn horgt`h hiupbmnjhf fjhtvu` phzkrgv`h d`mnjmnjn chstn. Jgihj fnjn su sn rnkhf hiupbmnj`fg horgt`b`= fr.sd. ]r`jig Oubmnv`, prhl. kr. sd. Fgr`jg F`b`nv`-Orgkg, fntihvsi` crgkhjgnb-jì fr. sd. Tt`ph Cgor` Mgfoh, f`j`stgr iubturn fr. sd. Ohh Oìup` ` ervgtsi`prnf`mnr kr. @vh Tgjgknr. Jg irgmu mn jhvu zcrgku Fuznmg obgchsbhv`h v`khjmsi`

upjì khj Ttgjih \rjhcg. Jgihj svngjhc prns`mndgjmg vrpdn Fuznm mn htvh-rnj, g uzvgj`d` su sn jg nbu s prnf`mnrhf irnjub` u ho`bgzgi. Jgihj ho`bgsigFuznmg ` krunjmg s hiupbmnj`f bmuk`fg ` jhv`jgr`fg upr`b`nj mn khfmnjgi jgtnrgs` rnsthrgjg ug ` Fgtn, g jg igtu vnnrg zg prnf`mnrg ` uzvgjìn.

[h mn svgigih o`h mnkgj hk jgmvgj`mè khcggmg u v`khjmsihm phv`mnst`.Htvhrnjg mn iubturjg `jst`tud`mg ihmg n hih snon hiupbmgt` rgzjn iubturjn kmnbgt-jìn ` khcggmn, g umnkjh mn k`h phv`mnst` Jgrhjn prìgzgj jg mnkjhfn fmnstu.

Grenhbhi` fuznm Jgrhjg fhrg sn, kgigih, mh rgzv mgt` igih o`sfh fhcb ` uoukujhst` strg`vgt` phv`mnst Jgrhjn, gb` hstgbè bhigb`tntg ihm` sn jgbgzn u khb`j`

r`mnin Jnrntvn. T tur`stìhc su gspnitg fhcujhst` rgzvhmg \`kg vnbìn. Fuznm mnhk htvhrnjmg phsmnt`bh v`n hk ;1 111 bmuk`. [h mn svgigih `jmnj`dg ihmg chvhr`sgfg zg snon.

Fuznm su u thiu tur`stìn snzhjn jgmv`n phsmn`vgbn hrcgj`z`rgjn siup`jnphsrnkstvhf gcnjd`mg s kuorhvgihc, fgigrsihc ` spb`tsihc phkrumg. O`bh mnfjhch hrcgj`z`rgjè nisiurz`mg `z hstgbè fuznmg u Ervgtsihm igh ` stuknjgtg ùnjìg hsjhvjè ` srnkjmè ihbg. ^ fnuvrnfnju mn `z t`sig `zggh ` \hk` ph

Grenhbhihf fuznmu Jgrhjg, \hk` irhz \`k, htvhrnjg mn ` suvnj`rj`dg, g mhrgk`fh jg fjhc`f phbm`fg igih o`sfh svhmu phjuku phohbmgb`.

Fuznm mn kh sgkg tr` putg jgcrg`vgj. Jgcrgku \bgk`f`r Jgzhr kho`hmn gre`tnit Chrgj _gih zg prhmnit Fuznmg, Dnfnxhvu jgcrgku zg `zcrgkjmuFuznmg kho`bg mn tvrtig FCG z Fntihv`g, g Grenhbhi` fuznm Jgrhjg kho`h mnjgcrgku Ervgtsin tur`stìn zgmnkj`dn Qbgv` dv`mnt zg phsnogj khpr`jhs hohcg-njmu tur`stìn phjukn Ervgtsin.

^ bmntj`f fmnsnd`fg jg tnrgsgfg Fuznmg hih jmncg phirnjutg mn ` iubturjgfgj`lnstgd`mg phk fnjhf Jgrhj`tgjsih iubturjh bmnth t`mnihf ihmn sn hkrgvg-mu igzgb`jn prnkstgvn, `zbhon, ihjdnrt` ` prnkstgvbmgjmg ijm`cg.

^ svgihf mn sbugmu `zcrgkjmg ` htvgrgjmn fuznmg u \`ku `zj`fjh vggj

khcggm. [`fn su stvhrnj` prnkuvmnt` zg oukug grenhbhig `strg`vgjmg jnrn-tvgjsihcg irgmg, htvhrnjg mn iubturjg ustgjhvg ihmg pht`n iubturjg khcggjmgtn khpr`jhs` nkuigd`m` unjìg ` stuknjgtg. ]g \`k mn th o`h mnkgj hk jgmvgj`mèkhcggmg, th sn v`k` ` ph `zcbnku sgfhc fmnstg ihmn sn f`mnjmg ` phstgmn jnzgh-o`bgzjh jnrntvgjsih iubturjh srnk`tn.

Ervhmn Fgjnj`dg, prhl., rgvjgtnbm Grenhbhihc fuznmg Fntihv`


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?11 chk`jg.

Guithr Kmnbg gphsthbsiè sv. Buig, ihm` mn jgp`sgh ` mnkjh hk nvgjnbmg, phrhnjmu Cri, zvgjmnf b`mnjì, kgibn horgzhvgj hvmni, `v`h mn kv`mn chk`jn sg

sv. Qgvbhf ucbgvjhf u _`fu. Qh f`bmnjmu fjhcè jn sgfh kg mn sv. Buig svn`zvhrjh h puthvgjmu, jnvrnfnju, orhkhbhfu, spggvgjmu, zf`m` htrhvj`d`, tbuprhtuhtrhvjn u`jihv`thst`, ogrgogr`fg `tk. uh hk sv. Qgvbg, jnch fu mn hvgmfjhch thcg pr` p`sgjmu kìt`rgh. G r`mn mn h svmn`f usphfnjgfg mnr su Kmnbggphsthbsig jgp`sgjg jgmvmnrhmgtj`mn >5. chk`jn.

7 Fgbtu urnv` jgz`vg Glrìhf, T d`b`mgjsihf, Bò msihf, [gb`mgjsihf, Juf`k msihf`, jnr`mntih, hjhf Fnb`thf.? ^z phmgf@b`rsig Fnb`tgurnv` mh rgo` ` s`jtgcfn@b`rìgjsig, Kgbfgt`jsig`b`, phsvn nsth, jgg Fnb`tgigkg

f`sb` jg hthi Fbmnt.4T `zvmnsjhf khzhf `rhj`mn urnv` igtigk chvhr` h `vgjhvd`fg, pr`fmnr`dn igkg ign svntg vhmsig, svntg

ihjm`dg, pbnfnj`tg ihjm`dg `tk. Hr`c`jgbju r`mn nqu`tns, th ` `jgn prvhtjh zjg` ihjmgj`d`,ihjm`dg, trnog sevgt`t` u

pr`mnvhku ighv`tnzhv`.^ svgihf sbugmu, hj j`mn kgbnih hk `st`jn mnr su v`tnzhv` jnzgf`sb`v` onz ihjmg, uv`mni su irhzphv`mnst o`b` prnkstgvbmgj` igh mgeg` jg ihjm`fg.


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Kvg jgvhkg h Mgkrgju (cb. ?3. ?3= Jgv`cgjtòus jho`s `j Gkr`g - Khipbhv`sfh Mgkrgjhf ` cb. ?5. 7= [ujd dhcjhv`fus, qu`g Fnb`tg `jsubg vhdgogtur- [gkg sfh sphzjgb` kg sn hthi zhvn Fnb`tg) mgsjh phtvrumu kg sn mn khcggmzo`h u Mgkrgjsihf fhru ihmn sn mn, u khog @cjmgtg urnv`g, zvgbh \njnd`-mgjsi`f zgbmnvhf.

Hkgibn hjkg Fgbtngj`fg ` jmèhv`f phohrj`d`fg ` sgfg phf`sgh, gigfhb` tvrkjmn ` khigz` kg sn mn svn siupg fhcbh khchk`t` hih hthig Fgbtn ` jgjmhm8

Chthvh sv` p`sd`, pmnsj`d`, fukrhsbhvd`, pr`rhkhzjgjstvnj`d`, phjgmpr`mncnhcrgl`, uz fgbh `zj`fgig, sfmntgb` su Mgkrgjsih fhrn u jmnchvn kgjgjmncrgj`dn, th su gphsthb` Qgvgh ` Buig, zgd`mnbh, mgih khorh zjgb`, g urnv`mn khorh prhu`h ` d`t`rgh jnihbìh stht`jg prnkgsjìg ` svhmè suvrnfnjìgzjgjstvnjìg (chthvh . u Gbnisgjkr`m`), pg sn Qthbnfnmnvh tufgnjmn jìgih jn fhn prh-tncjut` u khog `vhtg sv. Buin, hkjhsjh prhtnzgjmn crgj`dg Mgkrgjg kh T`d`b`mn.urnv` hstgmn pr` tvrkjm` kg mn sv. Buig phk jgz`vhfGkr`g fhcgh phkrgzuf`-mnvgt` sgfh hjh th mn u zjgjstvnjhf sv`mntu u th khog phzjgth h Mgkrgjsihffhru, g th mn prhsthr `zfnu @tgb`mn ` `b`rsin Kgbfgd`mn, g jìgih jnih fhrn ihmno` sn prhtnzgbh hk Gbpg kh Glrìn. urnv` u pr`bhc tgivhm tnz` khjhs` `zvgtin

`z ?1 kmnbg criè ` 73 prntpthbnfnmsiè p`sgdg `z ihmè mn h`cbnkjh kg hj` j`susfgtrgb` Mgkrgj k`mnbhf Trnkhznfjhc fhrg, ihmn o` sn prhtnzgbh kh Glrìn,


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jnch phsnoj`f fhrnf, ihmn mn hk`mnbmnjh hk Mhjsihc Htrgjtsi`f prhbgzhf. Hkcriè p`sgdg th su= Nse`b, Enrhkht, Hrlnm Fbg`, Thlhibh, Ti`bgis Igr`mgjgj`j,[ui`k`k, Q`jkgr, Nur`p`k, @zhirgt, Gphbhj`mn _hksi`, [nhir`t, Gr`sthtnb, [nhlrgst,Ti`fjh E`m, K`hkhr Tìubsi`, Mhs`p Lbgv`mn, Gp`mgj, K`hj`z`mn Egrgdnj zvgj Qnr`-ncnt ` Qhbò`mn. Hk bgt`jsiè prntpthbnfnmsiè p`sgdg urnv` sphf`jmn \gbnr`mg

Igtubg, Mub`mg Dnzgrg, Ehrgd`mg Lbgig, Buirnd`mg Igrg, [ub`mg D`dnrhjg, [`tg B`v`-mg, \gbnr`mg Fgis`fg, Qrhpnrd`mg Tnistg, Tnjniu Gj`mg, Qhfphj`mg Fnbu, Qb`j`mgTniujkg, \gbnr`mg Lbgig, Qgp`j`mg Ttgd`mg, Ihrjnb`mg [gd`tg, Gjnmg Lbhrg, Mub`mgThb`jg ` Buigjg.

urnv` jgvhk` ` svn krucn ihm` su jg trgcu chrn sphfnjutè, gb` jgvhk`` hjn prht`vjè tvrkjm` nbn` tgih kh irgmjhst` sb`mnk`t` phzjgtu [gd`thvu T`jn `rgnt stuk`h.

Hj kr` ` khigzumn kg trnog hkogd`t` ` f`bmnjmn kg sn mn sv. Buig prnvg-

r`h u jgz`vu fhrg u ihmnf sn orhkhbhf khchk`h mnr cg jmnchvg jghorgzog `sphzjgmjg fh uvrtgvgmu fnu jgmvnn jtnbnitugbdn hjhcg vrnfnjg, pg mn tg-ivg fhcujhst phsvn `sibmunjg. urnv` prntphstgvbmg, phz`vgmu` sn jg kmnbhEgnrns`sd`pgrsihc o`siupg Np`lgj`mg (`v`h mn u ;. st.), kg mn Buig ` sgf pbhv`h

Mgkrgjhf mh pr`mn orhkhbhfg igh jgvmnst`tnbm Ohmn r`mn`.; [rnog tgihnr kh-kgt` igih mn ` sv. Qgvgh vmnrhmgtjh ohbmn phzjgvgh Mgkrgjsih fhrn mnr mn, igihjgvhk` u phsbgj`d` [`tu, jgfmnrgvgh prnz`f`t` u Jìhphbmu ihmn mn u jnphsrnkjhmob`z`j` Mgkrgjsihc fhrg.>

^prgvh jg irgmu phcbgvbmg h Mgkrgju urnv` mn sfgtrgh phtrnoj`f svn-

strgjh hsv`mntb`t` b`jhst sv. Buin igh p`sdg, phvmnsjìg, fukrhsbhvdg ` e`sthr`h-crglg, g jmnchvu kmnbu Kmnbg gphsthbsig kgt` prgv` ijm`nvj` jgsbhv ihm` cbgs`Gphsthbsig phv`mnst, th hjg zg`stg ` mnst.^sp. Qhsbgj`du [`tu, 4, 7?.


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[h mn vgrbm`v` khigz ` u jhrfgbj`f hihbjhst`fg, igih urnv` jg v`n fmn-stg ign, uzgbukjh khigz`vgjmn. Jh, Fgbtngj`fg j`mn o`bh uzgbukjh. Qg igihmn t`submntjg `st`jg khbg u p`tgjmn8 Mnk`jh sn, ogrnf mgvjh, @cjmgt urnv`,kuorhvgi` onjnkìt`jgd ihm` mn jnihbìh chk`jg ohrgv`h jg Fbmntu, usprht`v`hzgthfbmgvgjmu ` prnirgmgjmu phv`mnsjn `st`jn u khog igkg su phbnfìn vmnrhmgt-

jh o`bn ` nstn ` strgstvnjn. Kgibn, jg fmnstu ` hthiu ckmn mn sthbmn`fg `vmnbgusphfnjg jg orhkhbhf, spggvgjmn ` ohrgvgi sv. Qgvbg ` s ihmncg mn smgbgjnphtgfjmnj`f smgmnf nvgjnhsig `st`jg. Nth phv`mnsjhc trnjutig, fmnstg, ph-krumg vrnfnjg zg phmnk`jdn st`jhbmupdn, phnbmjh zjgjstvnjìn, igh `jst`tu-tn, gigknf`mn, lgiubtntn, jg irgmu ` phntiu, ` zg Drivu kg sn prnkgmu trgcgjmuzg `st`jhf.

@st`jg mn onz ìgivn ` jgmfgjmn sufjmn jg jghm strgj`, gb` igih mn khbhkh thcg kg jgs mn tg `st`jg `zkgbg8 [ih mn svn u thfn hk`crgh Muk`ju ubhcu8

Igivg mn ubhcg tgkgjmn Drivn u Ervgtg8 Hkchvhr jg tg p`tgjmg trnogbg o` kgt`kgbmjmg `strg`vgjmg. urnv` mn zgkgh jgdrt igh ` stgtuf qugnst`hj`s, hp`sp`tgjmg.

Gih su vn u phkrumu cnhcrglsihc rgzcrgj`njmg Mgkrgjsihc fhrg ph-iugb`, ihk jniè ` uspmnb`, rgstnzgt` ` jgvbg`t` phv`mnsjn `jmnj`dn, Fgbtngj` `jmèhv` sbmnkonj`d`, hkjhsjh l`bhfgbtngj`, igih urnv` thbìh putg u svhfkmnbu sphf`jmn, j`su fhcb`, j` uz s`bjn phiugmn, jgfntjut` svhmu st`ju u kruc`fkhigz`fg ` tvrkjmgfg. Nvh hjè jgmvgj`mè jg ihmn Fgbtngj` ` l`bhfgbtngj`jìgih jn fhcu hkchvhr`t` mnr `zjhsn sgfh ivgz`khigzn ihm` jnfgmu gfg og

jìgivg zjgjstvnjhc utnfnbmnjmg.

OG_OG_@

^ Bui`ju crihf `zvhrjìu Kmnbg gphsthbsiè cb. ?5. ?. sthm` hvgih= . ^ bgt`jsihfpr`mnvhku u \ubcgt` p`n= Ogrogr` vnrh prgnstgogjt jhj fhk`dgf eufgj`tgtnfjho`, u urnv`nvu pr`mnvhku s Bui`jg crihc hr`c`jgbg= Ogrogr` vnrh prgsntg-ogjt jhj vubcgrnf eufgj`tgtnf jho`s, g jg oòb`msi` pr`mnvhk cbgs`= ^rhnj`d`su snphj`mnb` prnfg jgfg vrbhbmuksi`5. @sprgvgj pr`mnvhk urnv`nvg Bui`jghr`c`jgbg jg crihf mnzìu fhn cbgs`t` sgfh hvgih= Ogrogr` su sn phj`mnb`prnfg jgfg vrbh bmuksi`.

Gpnbgt`v ogrogr` jgbgz`fh mh mnkjhf u `sthm cbgv` Kmnbg gphsthbsiè, ustgviu ;.

Tv. Buig `zr``th jgcbggvg jgvnknju r`mn rgon` mn kvgput. Hj t`f gpn-bgt`vhf jgcbggvg sf`sgh ` zjgnjmn tn r`mn`. ]g Crin ` _`fbmgjn ogrogr` su

5Oòb`mg, Ttgr` ` Jhv` zgvmnt, Ttvgrjhst, EIK sv. `r`bg ` Fnthkg, ]gcrno, 70


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o`b` sv` kruc` jgrhk`, sv` jgrhk`, pbnfnjg ` pbnfnjsin siup`jn ihm` j`su chvhr`bncri`f, bgt`jsi`f b` enornmsi`f mnzìhf, mnz`d`fg hjkgjmncg iubturjhc sv`mntg,ihm` su sn ibgjmgb` kruc`f ohchv`fg, hkrgvgb` krui`mn ho`gmn `tk.

Tv. Buig, Cri, b`mnjì, jghorgnj hvmni jìgih j`mn fhcgh Fgbtngjnjgzvgt` ogrogr`fg. Fgbtg mn o`bg kuch phk vbgu Crig (pr`mn thcg Igrtggjg)

pg mn enbnj`z`rgjg, th zjg` kg mn o`bg prhntg crihf iubturhf, pg su Fgb-tngj` chvhr`b` cri`f mnzìhf. ]gt`f mn rhfgj`z`rgjg, chvhr`b` su bgt`jsi`fmnzìhf. Kg mn sv. Qgvgh khsp`h kh Fgbtn, svgigih o` prnfg Bui`ju hp`su hjs t`f urhnj`d`fg, g jn ogrogr`fg, rgzchvgrgh ` cri` `(b`) bgt`jsi` tn è Buigzgs`curjh jn o` jgzvgh ogrogr`fg ihm` su, `gih jniubturj`, sv. Qgvbg ` krucnorhkhbhfdn pr`f`b vrbh bmuksi`. ^hstgbhf, Fgbtngj` (...) j`su sgfh hius`b`th th mn jnigkg o`h enbnj`zgf ` Enbnj`, jnch hj` pr`p`sumu th sno` jg evgbu `kìu.0

Jg Fgbt` u Bui`jh khog phvmnsj`d` sn susrnu fgehf s cri`f `fnj`fg=K`hkhr, Ogt, @dnt, Knnrnm, Ihtnt... Fjhc` stgr` p`sd` sphf`jmu [ub`mnv ergf jgFgbt`, phsvnnj Mujhj`, g Qthbnfnm khkgmn kg mn hs`f Mujhj`jg svnt`tg tu o`bh` Enrgibhvh.

Khcggbh sn mn u, kgjgs o` sn igzgbh, fnuntjì`f rgsprgvgfg `zfnuCrig _`fbmgjg jg Fgbt`, hv`sjh h thfu tih mn ihm`f mnzìhf, hkjhsjh sir`vbmn-j`f k`mgbnithf tè mnzìg chvhr`h, kg su Crd` _`fbmgjn jgz`vgb` ,ogrogr`fg.

T krucn strgjn, jg kgbfgt`jsi`f su hthd`fg, jn sgfh jg Fbmntu, g tgih

` u kgbfgt`jsi`f orksi`f prnkmnb`fg, `vmnbg pbnfnjg ihmg sn jgvnknj`f mnz`-d`fg j`su sbu`bg ` ihmg sv` stgr` p`sd` rnkhf jgz`vgmu ogrogr`fg. ^ pr`bhc thfogrogrstvu `b`rsiè pbnfnjg svgigih `kn ` `jmnj`dg kg su _`fbmgj` zg vbgkgv`jndgrg Hitgv`mgjg Gucustg 4>. chk`jn pr`mn Ir`stg phirnjub` rgt vnbìè rgzfmnrgprht`v Fbmngjg, hkjhsjh prht`v jnrntvgjsih-ihrubgjsihc cusgrstvg jg fhru,jgvbgst`th jg pbhv`konjhf putu Gbnisgjkr`mg - Giv`bnmg.71@ tu sn urnv` hsbg-jmg jg rgkhvn stgrè ` criè p`sgdg.

Jgn oòb`mn jhv`mncg khog u pr`mnvhku khjhsn nulnf`z`rgj` hobì gpnbg-t`vg ogrogr` igh urhnj`d`. [`fn sn ucbnkgmu ` svrstgvgmu u pr`stgn fhkg jn

et`mu` `b`, th mn mh chrn, jn zjgmu`, fgbtnin tnhr`mn ` tvrkjmn kg mn sv. Qgvghkhsp`h jg Fgbtu g jn jg Fbmnt. th mn mh chrn, hj` prnvhkn thphj`f sv. BuinFnb`tg igh Fgbtg77 gih mn u sv`f stgr`m`f pr`mnvhk`fg zkgjm`fg oòb`mg hstghBui`j `zvhrjì Fnb`tg. Nvh `zvhrjìg=

,\ub-cgtg= Nt duf nvgs`ssnfus, tujd dhcjhv`fus qu`g Fnb`tg `jsubg vhdgtur, urnv`-

0urnv`, @cjmgt, Tvnt` Qgvgh gphsthb orhkhbhfgd, O`siup`mg Kuorhvgig, Kuorhvgin ijm`j`dn ` hp`jgFbmnt, ]gcrno, ?115., str. ?70.

71^sp. urnv`, @cjmgt. K`vus Qgubus..., str. DUUU\ - DUB@\.77Oòb`mn, hp. d`t.


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nv pr`mnvhk s crihc `zvhrjìg= Nt snrvgt` tujd dhcjhvnrujt, qu`g Fnb`tg `jsubgvhdgogtur, ervgtsi` pr`mnvhk urnv`nvg pr`mnvhkg Bui`jg crihc `zvhrjìgcbgs`= [ni igk sn spgs`sfh, khzjgkhsfh kg sn hthi zhvn Fnb`tg.

Nrch, ` jg pr`mnvhk hkjhsjh `zkgjmg Oòb`mn zgthfbmumu `st`ju. Qr`prgvbmgÒòb`mn svrstgb` su sn tgih fnu hjn l`bhfgbtngjn ihm` jn fhcu `zj`mnt` j`mnkgj

vr`mnkgj khigz kg mn Bui`jg Fnb`tghthi Fgbtg.

^_GCGJTI@ \MN[_H\@ ^ T_NKH]NFBM^ @ MGK_GJTIHF FH_^

Igih ho`j` bmuk`, tgih ` pr`fhrd` phzjgmu jnihbìh vrstg ` jgz`vg vmntrhvg,jgmv`n knsntgi, g urnv` mn, kg o` pho`h svn phcrnjn tvrkjmn, prhu`h svngjnfhbhcn (fntnhrhbhcn, strujmgin h vmntrhv`fg), phnv` hk Gr`sthtnbg ` jmn-chvn run vmntrhvg tn mn bgih khigz`vh ` sevgtbm`vh `z Kmnbg gphsthbsiè p`sgjmn h

vmntrhv`fg svgihfu hs`f hjè sg zb`f jgfmnrgfg. @ tu sn rgk` h zbhphrgogfg`sihjsiè zjgnjmg Kmnbg gphsthbsiè prèvgt`b` l`bhfgbtnig tufgnjmg, ukgbmg-vgmu` sn tgih hk crihc `zvhrjìg sv. Buin. _`mn mn h tufgnjmu r`mn` nurhib`-khj. Qhsncj`fh zgth zg `zvhrjìhf ` pr`mnvhk`fg!

Bui`j zvhrjì= (...) 9 \ub-cgtg= (...) vnjtus, qu`vhdgtur Nurhgqu`bh, urnv`nv pr`mnvhk s `zvhrjìg= (...)vnjtus [ypehj`dus, gppnbbgtus Nurhdbykhj9 pr`mnvhk urnv`nvg pr`mnvhkg= (...)strggj vmntgr zvgj Much`sthjmgi9Oòb`mg u rnkgid`m` Murn Igtnbgjg= (...) strg-gj vmntgr zvgj Tmnvnrh`sthjmgi.

urnv` jgsbuumn kg mn ` hvkmn jgfmnrjh ujnsjg zgoujg. Crig r`mn(nurhs) hzjgumn much`sthj` vmntgr7?, g kruc` k`h sbhnj`dn sgfhphmggvg sf`sgh u zjgnjmu urgcgjsi` much`sthjmgi. _`mn nurhgqu`bh `zgz`vgphbnfìn hk jgmstgr`mè vrnfnjg, g trnogbg o` hzjggvgt` `sth th ` nurhib`khj.Jh, jgf`sgh jniè j`mn o`bg sgfh u `cr` r`mn` mnr gqu`bh jg bgt`jsihf zjg` smn-

vnrgd `gih fu chthvh sv` nczncntn, tufg` Tvnthcg p`sfg, pr`kgmu gtròut`vjhzjgnjmn= ourgj, sjggj, hbumgj. Jh, ouku` kg nurhgiv`bhj u khsbhvjhf pr`-mnvhku zjg` mujhsmnvnrjmgi, kho`vgfh mnkju phsvn onsf`sbnju ihvgj`du, th

mn dhjtrgk`dt`h pnr sn. ^ thf sbugmu prv` k`h sbhnj`dn (nurh)phstgmn onsf`sbnj,g th mn uprgvh hjh th l`bhfgbtngj` ehn. ^ jni`f cri`f prvhtj`f pr`mnp`s`fgKmnbg gphsthbsiè phsthm` zrgz nurhi`bhj `z ncg su bgt`jsi`, zgpgkj`, prnp`s`vg-` `zvuib` sphfnjut` `zrgz sfutjmn - nurhgiv`bhj.74

^cbgvjhf, `zrgz sn nurhib`khj zgkrgh igh jgmn` svn kh ?1. sthbmng `jmncg sn sfgtrg ogt`jhf @sthjn drivn, g nurhgiv`bhj sn v`n rgo` jg ]gpgku.

Qh Bui`ju hp`su urgcgjsihc vmntrg vgbmg `sibmu`t` irgtihtrgmjn vmntrhvn ighth su smnvnrjmgi, ourg svn vrstn zgpgkjè vmntrhvg ihm` irgtih trgmu jn khjhsn

7?^sp. urnv`, @cjmgt, K`vus Qgubus...,DBUU@@ - DUD@@.74^sp. Gbgjk Iurt, Obgdi Fgtenus, Jhvuf tnstgfnjtuf Crgndn, Ttuttcgrt, 70>0, str. 71>>.


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iù. _`mn mn h mujhf hbumjhf vmntru ihm` zjg trgmgt` ` ph 7> kgjg. [gm hbumj`vmntgr s i`j`f hobgd`fg, ihm` mn khorh phzjgvgh hpmnvgh Ehfnr, fg phst`n`zrgz`tn urgcgjsin ukgrn jg pr`mnbgzu `z Mhjsihc fhrg u Mgkrgjsih ckmn k`n

vgbhvn ` kh knsnt fntgrg. [gm mn vmntgr phzjgt u jgs phk `fnjhf `bhi.Igkg o`sfh sn ` sbh`b` s tvrkjmhf kg sn hthi Fgbtg jgbgz` u tzv. Mgkrgj-

sihf fhru (ph tnhr`m` Ibguk`mg Qthbnfnmg), hp`sgj` much`sthj` hbumj` vmntgr fh-cgh o` ogd`t` bgu u vhkn Fgbtn mnk`jh jni`f ukhf, g th sv. Buig j`ckmn j`mnkgh jgsbut`t`.

Tb`jè hp`sg puthvgjmg ` orhkhbhfg ph tgivu hbumjhf vrnfnju ` o`bh mnfjhch u phv`mnst` uprgvh jg putu s Irntn prnfg T`d`b`m`. Mnkgj hk tgivè kh`v`hmn ` hp`sgh `khvsi` phvmnsjì Mhs`p Lbgv`mn.

H FNB@[NJIHM ]F@M@ H[_H\J@D@

Qhvhk phsnojhf phcbgvbmu h zf`mgfg htrhvj`dgfg tgihnr jgbgz`fh uKmnb`fg gphsthbsi`f. Ouku` kg jnfg jìgivn rgzbìn `zfnu pr`mnvhkg ` hr`c`-jgbg, phksmnt`fh sn th ign jgg Oòb`mg=

Igk Qgvgh jgiup` jgrgfgi sueè crgjg ` igk cg ogd` u vgtru, `z`n zf`mgjgtmnrgjg hk vru`jn tn fu sn uevgt` zg ruiu.

^rhnj`d` igk v`kmnn kg fu zf`mg v`s` h rud`, chvhrgeu mnkgj kruchfu=Hvgm hvmni s`curjh mn uohm`dg9 ufgigh mn fhru ` Qrgvkg fu jn khputg kg

`v`.Gb` hj htrnsn zf`mu u vgtru ` jn o` fu j`tg.G hj` su hni`vgb` kg n htn` ` sfmnstg pgst` frtgv. Qhth su kubmn nigb`

tn v`kmnb` kg fu sn j`mn khchk`bh jìgivh zbh, prhf`mnj`n f`bmnjmn ` rnihn kgmn ohc.7;

@z hvhc Bui`jg hp`sg Fgbtngj` su `zvuib` sbmnknn tvrkjmn= Jgihj th mnQgvgh strnsgh s ruin zf`mu htrhvj`du ihmg cg mn ucr`zbg u vgtru, zf`mn jg Fgbt`zguv`mni su zcuo`bn htrhvju fh. Fgbtnig znfbmg phstgbg mn bmnihv`tg, phsno`dnprge `z jgvhkjn p`bmn, u ihmhm mn o`h zgthnj sv. Qgvgh. [g znfbmg phsmnkumnprhtuhtrhvju u`jihv`thst ` phstgbg mn uknsj` b`mni prht`v umnkg svè vrstg htrhv-jè `vht`jmg. Tv. Qgvgh mn tgih `zvnh ukh, pg su jg Fgbt` jgstgb` zf`mhbììgfnj`` ihmn jgz`vgmu cbht`k`fg, hlt`hcbhsgfg `b` cbhshpntrgfg, g zg ihmnFgbtngj` krn kg su zf`msin h` `b` zf`msi` mnz`d`.

Kg o` hphvrcjuh tgivn tvrkjmn, urnv` mn trnogh prncbnkgt` ` prhu`tòrkg b`tnrgturn (g tu htir`vgfh urnv`g - p`sdg chbnfhc zjgjmg `z phkrumgtnhbhc`mn, fnk`d`jn, lgrfgd`mn, cnhcrgl`mn, pntrhcrgl`mn, cnhbhc`mn, o`hbhc`mn `krucè pr`rhkhzjgjstvnjè k`sd`pb`jg, gjtìn ` srnkjmhvmnihvjn b`tnrgturn...),

7;Oòb`mg, hp. d`t.


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pg mn ustvrk`h kg jg Fgbt` jìgkg j`mn o`bh zf`mg htrhvj`dg. _gsprgvu phtirn-pbmumn sgzjgjm`fg kg k`bmnf sv`mntg phsthmn prnkmnb` ` vrstn tgbg jg ihm`fg zf`mnhtrhvj`dn jn fhcu ho`tgvgt`. Kgpgn, gih è sn uvnzn, hjn ucògmu.7>

T krucn strgjn, Fbmnt ho`bumn bncb`fg jgmhtrhvj`mè zf`mg u Nurhp` (u urn-v`nvh khog, pr`mn uvhzg fujchsg). Gih cg j`mn fhcbg ucr`st` jg Fgbt`, hjkg

sn mn th, onz `fgbh kvhufbmnjmg, fhcbh khchk`t` mnk`jh jg Fbmntu, jg @b`rsihmFnb`t`.Kruc` fhcu` khigz` tvrkjmn h svnthpgvbhvsihf orhkhbhfu (put sv. Qgvbg

phsb`mn orhkhbhfg u _`f, jmnchvg nvnjtugbjg jgijgkjg puthvgjmg u Mgkrgj`tk.) ustuijmumu prnk jgvnknj`fg mnr jn phsmnkumu tn`ju khigz`vgjmg..

Tvhm`f vnbnoj`f e`sthr`hcrglsi`f kmnbhf urnv` mn uzv`tbgh khstg prg`-jn mh zg svhcg `vhtg ` phtgijuh vnbìn phbnfìn, jh chthvh svn tn phbnfìnfhcu sn svnst` phk zgmnkjì` jgz`vjì duf `rg nt stuk`h, phsno`dn hjn `z 75.st. Igih krui`mn sevgt`t` phkgtgi kg su sn `vgjhvd` jg jmncg horu`b` chthvhigh jg jnvmnrjìg8 Hk jmè sn th, khkun, fhcbh ` hni`vgt` mnr è mn urnv`prhigzgh igh pht`dgtnbmn ` prnkvhkjìn phsvnfgjmn egmin u lgbs`l`d`rgjmu ph-

v`mnsjn `st`jn.

HKMNI ^_N\@N\G KMNBG

_ndnpd`mg urnv`nvg kmnbg t`mnihf vrnfnjg `fgbg mn svn fgjmn hkmnig.Qhsbmnkjmg mn vnbìg phbnfìg hih urnv`g ` jmnchvg kmnbg vhnjg phntihf

?1. sthbmng. \hk`b` su mn prhlnshr oòb`msiè zjgjhst` Tvnu`b`tg u ]gcrnou _u-khbl \`fnr, ihm` mn tvrk`h kg sn orhkhbhf j`mn khchk`h jg Fbmntu jnch jg Fgbt`,` Kuorhvgj`j rhkhf sg `pgjg, `jgn prnphz`t Tthbjhc igpthbg u Tpb`tu ` ph-fhj` spb`tsi` o`siup, \`dih Qgbujih, ihm` mn tvrk`h suprhtjh. Orgj`tnbm fgbtnintrgk`d`mn hkjhsjh tvrkjmn kg sn mn sv. Qgvgh `sirdgh ` kh`v`h orhkhbhf jgFgbt`, g jn jg Fbmntu jghih mn `z tn htrn phbnfìn, chthvh hirgmg, `z`gh ighphomnkjì, ucbgvjhf sgfh zgth th mn Qgbujih u fnuvrnfnju ufrh, tn tgihutmndgh jg jhvn cnjnrgd`mn ervgtsiè jtnbnitugbgdg, jgvbgst`th jg hjn z rnkhvg

svnnjstvg ihm` su sn prìbhj`b` fgbtnihm trgk`d`m`. \`fnrg mn sjgjh phkrgvgh grenhbhc Lrgjn Oub`. ]ohc thcg mn \`fnrhvh f`bmnjmn ucbgvjhf o`bh usvhmnjhigh sbuonj` stgv Drivn u Ervgtsihm.

Jg irgmu tn ujn phbnfìn zgibmu`t` mn kg su tgt`jg uvr`mnnjg vnb``jg,jntrpnbm`vhst prnfg prht`vjìu u tgih o`tju khigz`vgjmu strgstvnjh ustrgmgjmn ujnsf`bmnjhm ohro` gk ehf`jnf hkbuumun hprnk`mnb`b` phmnk`jdn, pg ` Drivu.

Homnit`vj` n prhfgtrg kgjgs, s vrnfnjsi`f hkfgihf hk chthvh 711chk`jg, htir`t` orhmjn jnkhstgtin u \`fnrhv`f rgsprgvgfg. Nvh jniè=

7. ^ gjgb`z` \`fnrhvè tnisthvg htir`vgfh kg mn rgsprgvn p`sgh u glnitu.7> ^sp. urnv`, @cjmgt, K`vus Qgubus...,str. DB@@@ - DBUU\.


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Qhvr`mnk`bh cg mn pr`mn svncg th th cg mn Qgbujih hptu`h kg mn u `vhthp`su sv.Qgvbg \`fnr jgp`sgh kg sn svnthpgvbhvsi` orhkhbhf khchk`h jg khfgu trgk`-d`mu u ihr`st tun, fgbtnin, ` th kg mn u`j`h `z jnzjgjmg, mnr prhobnfgtìu j`mnkhorh prhu`h. [g Qgbujihvg tvrkjmg sjgjh mn phtrnsbg \`fnrg ihm` mn phsb`mnthcg usfmnr`h svn svhmn jtnbnitugbjn fh` kg o` khigzgh kg mn o`h u prgvu. tu

svreu, g zcbnkg phjgmpr`mn zohc phvr`mnnjn tgt`jn, prhu`h mn fjhcn l`bhfgb-tnin p`sdn `m`f sn grcufnjt`fg phsbu`h u phbnf`d` s Qgbujihf. J`mn e fhrghphsnojh prhugvgt` mnr svn jmè jgvhk` ` sgf urnv`. Mnkjh mn p`tgjmn uv`mnibnokmnbh `zjgk svè rgsprgvg h urnvù= mnsu b` suk`hj`d` tè htrè phbnfìguhpn prh`tgb` urnv`nvh vnbnojh kmnbh. Hkgvjh sn mn `sphstgv`bh jg tnfnbmugjgb`z`rgjè phbnfìg kg chthvh j`tih hk jmè j`mn u d`mnbhst` prh`tgh th kmnbh.

Igih mn Qgbujih usihrh ufrh, phbnfìn su sn st`gbn ` j`tih sn hk ervgtsièoòb`grg j`mn et`h phjhvjh phzgogv`t` t`f p`tgjmnf.

[gih sn mn khchk`bh (jgihj sfrt` mnkjhc sjgjhc zgstupjìg ` phkrgvg-

tnbmg fbmngjsin trgk`d`mn) kg u sv`f jhv`f ervgtsi`f pr`mnvhk`fg Kmnbg gph-sthbsiè u tnistu ihm` chvhr` h fmnstu svnthpgvbhvsihc orhkhbhfg j`mn hstgvbmnjh`zvhrjh fn Fnb`tg jnch Fgbtg. [`fn su sn prnvhk`tnbm` knl`j`t`vjh hprnk`mnb`b` zg

\`fnrhvu tvrkjmu, zg Fgbtu.?. \`fnr mn zg`stg phigzgh jnzjgjmn u svnz` s jni`f tnejì`f jgv`-

cgd`msi`f fhcujhst`fg gjtìè mnkrnjmgig (jg pr`fmnr, kg mn bgg sv. Qgvbgfhcbg pbhv`t` uz vmntgr onz ohrk`gjmg, kg mn fhcbg pbhv`t` jhu ph pu`j`, kgmn fhcbg pbhv`t` smnvnrhzgpgkj`f pbhv`konj`f puthv`fg). Og sn z hvhcg fhn

bgih zgibmu`t` kg kmnbh @cjmgtg urnv`g uhpn j`mn prh`tgh mnr urnv` svnth phtgjih hp`sumn.4. \`fnr sn phigzgh pr`strgj`f u tufgnjmu jgz`vg vmntrhvg pg mn tgih

hko`h prnuznt` zjgnjmn r`mn` nurhdb`khj `z crih-ervgtsiè rmnjìg hk LrgjmnQntrg`g ` Ttmnpgjg Tnjdg. Qrnfg jm`fg sphfnjutg r`mn zjg` much`sthj`, gjn smnvnrh`sthj`vmntgr igih tvrk` \`fnr. [gih sn hj prntvgrg u nsthihc l`bh-fgbtngj`jg.

;. \`fnr j`mn uznh u hoz`r og j`mnkgj grcufnjt z rgsprgvg l`bhkgbfgt`j-siè p`sgdg, pg j` z sgfhc urnv`g. @ th khigzumn kg j`mn prh`tgh urnv`g

ihm` rgk` suprhtjh pg sphf`jmn, prhugvg, hko`mg `b` prèvgg ` svn prht`vjìnsvhmn tnhr`mn.>. Jgfg mn kgjgs zguumu` stgv ucbnkjhc grenhbhcg Lrgjn Oub`g ihm`

hptuumn Qgbujig, phsrnkjh ` sgfhc urnv`g, igih su u khorhm jgfmnr` kgh`vn mnkju stgrhirgjsiu svnt`jmu u svhf zgv`gmu phirgb` t`fn kruch fmnsth,hthi Fgbtu. [giv`f mn stgvhf sgfh khigzgh kg og j`tg j`mn zjgh h kuorh-

vgihm trgk`d`m` svnthpgvbhvsihc orhkhbhfg jg Fbmntu, th mn zg grenhbhcg svmnt-sihc cbgsg chthvh jnvmnrhmgtjh.

^vmnrnj kg uzg sn ` jg svhmhm strgj` `fg Tvnth p`sfh ` zjgjstvnjn `st`jh-bmupdn, g chbnf` k`h jmè o`h mn ` mnst, urnv` mn irnjuh u htru ohrou ulgmu`


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4. chk`jn stgmgh mn uibnsgj` bgt`jsi` jgtp`s= Ehd pr`fufKgbfgt`gn cnjtns `jdhbunrn dgstruf gd g lujkgfnjt`s nrnxnrn tnfpbuf gjjhFKUUU@(u pr`mnvhku= Bmuk` `z Kgbfgd`mn prv` su jgsnb`b` hvgm crgk ` `z tnfnbmg

sgcrgk`b` hvgm ergf 7>47. chk`jn.) Jgtp`s mn uj`tnj u prhtugustr`msi`f knfhj-strgd`mgfg 707>. chk`jn, igkg mn @tgb`mg ubg u Qrv` svmntsi` rgt jg strgj` s`bgGjtgjtn. Igih mn Kgbfgd`mg tgkg mh uv`mni o`bg gustr`msig phirgm`jg, [gb`mgj`su ph`sthvmn`vgb` Kgbfgd`mu s Gustr`mhf ` u prhtugustr`msi`f jnf`r`fg uj`t`b`jgtp`s. @pgi, u ihjtnistu jgsbhvg rgkg jn zgj`fg jgs 707>. chk`jg, igkg mnjgtp`s uj`tnj, jnch 7>47. chk`jg, igkg mn jgtp`s uibnsgj sg sphfnjhf jnièKgbfgt`jgdg ihmn sn kh kgjgs uvr`mn`bh jgz`vgt` fhbì`f Ervgt`fg prnfgrnc`m` Fhb`sn u ihmhm mh u hkrnnjhf orhmu `vn, igh ` zohc phsthmgjmg rngbjè

prntphstgvig kg su sn tgfh `snb`b` sg `rncg phkrumg Jnrntvn ` Qhko`hihvbmg.Fhb`sn mn rnc`mg u mujhm @tgb`m`, krucg jgmfgjmg tgb`mgjsig rnc`mg ihmg jgsmnvnrhzgpgku crgj`` s rnc`mhf Goruzzh, jg zgpgku s Bgd`mnf, jg mucu s Igf-pgj`mhf jg much`sthiu s Gpub`mhf. Tmnvnrh`sthj` k`h rnc`mn bn` jg Mgkrgjsihffhru. Qrnfg phsbmnkjmnfu php`su stgjhvj`tvg z ?117. chk`jn u rnc`m` `v` hih4?1 111 stgjhvjìg. Qhthfd` ervgtsiè `snbmnjìg ihm` su sn jgsnb`b` u Fhb`sn kg-jgs `vn sgfh u tr` jgsnbmg u ihm`fg sn fhn ut` ervgtsi` mnzì= Iru(tgb.Gdqu-gv`vg Dhbbndrhdn), Fujk`f`tgr(tgb. Fhjtnf`trh) ` Tt`l`b`(tgb. Tgj Lnb`dn Tbgvh).[g tr` jgsnbmg ukgbmnjg su jnihbìh i`bhfntgrg mnkjh hk kruchcg, g sfmnst`bg su

sn jg vreujd`fg ornubmgig u chrhv`thf gpnj`jsihf irgmu, jgkfhrsin v`s`jn`zfnu ?11 ` 311 fntgrg. Qhkrumn jg ihmnf su jgsnbmg sfmntnjg jgbgz` sn`zfnu r`mnig [r`cjh ` O`lnrjh hih 41 i`bhfntgrg hk mgkrgjsin hogbn ` crgk`g[nrfhb`mg ihm` mn u vr`mnfn jgmmgncg vgbg khsnbmgvgjmg ervgtsihcg stgjhvj`tvgo`h cbgvjg buig jmèhvg ubgsig u muju @tgb`mu.

Chk`jn 75


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hp`jgfg `v` hih > 111 stgjhvjìg?, th svmnkh` h knphpubgd`m` ervgtsihcgstgjhvj`tvg u Fhb`snu usb`mnk gs`f`bgd`mn ` nihjhfsihcg `snbmgvgjmg u Gfnrìu` Gustrgb`mu t`mnihf krucn phbhv`dn 70. sthbmng. [`mnihf jgrnkjè phbg sthbmn-g orhm stgjhvjìg u Iruu, Fujk`f`tru ` Tt`l`bù ucbgvjhf mn stgcj`rgh `b`sn fgbh phvngh, jn zohc phvngjhcg jgtgb`tntg, jnch zgorgjg nf`cr`rgjmg

zg lg`stìhcg rn`fg Onj`tg Fusshb`j`mg. [gih su prnfg php`su stgjhvj`tvg`z 704, g u Tt`l`bù 74stgjhvjìg. Jgihj Kruchcg svmntsihcg rgtg orhm stgjhvjìg u t`f ervgtsi`fjgsnbm`fg ucbgvjhf hpgkg usb`mnk jgstgvig prhdnsg nf`cr`rgjmg, gb` zohc ph-vngjè f`crgd`mg u tgb`mgjsin crgkhvn. Qrnfg phsbmnkjmnf php`su stgjhvj`tvg`z ?117. chk`jn u tr` sphfnjutg jgsnbmg `v` ?157 stgjhvjì, ` th u Iruu 511,u Fujk`f`tru ;. ` jgstgvbmnjh u 70. chk`jn subtgj Fnefnk @@. Hsvgmg zguznh mn Tfnknrnvh`fn mn prnstgbg phsthmgt` srpsig Knsphthv`jg, g sgfh fmnsth phstgbh mn ph-

?

Mhs`p Tfhkbgig, Qhsmnt gpnj`jsi`f Ervgt`fg. Qutjn usphfnjn ` o`bmnin,]gkgr 701.


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crgj`jg hsfgjsig utvrkg prnfg ^cgrsihErvgtsihf Irgbmnvstvu. Tb`mnkhfkhcggmg subtgj sn hirnjuh Ohsj`, jn nbn` mu u phntiu u phtpujhst` hsvhm`t`._gzbhc subtgjhvg jgpgkg jg Ohsju o`bh mn hko`mgjmn ohsgjsihcg irgbmg Ttmn-pgjg [hfgnv`g kg Hsfgjb`mgfg `spbgt` kgjgi, hergornj sibgpgjmnf sgvn-zg s ucgrsihervgtsi`f irgbmnf Fgt`mhf Ihrv`jhf 7;04. ch-k`jn ` phomnkn u O`td` ihk T`sig ihmg mn zgprgvh hzjg`bg prnirntj`du u rgtu Er-vgtg s Hsfgjsi`f Dgrstvhf, jh jmnz`jn su kgbnihsnjn phsbmnk`dn zg Ervgtsiuvnzgjn uz vnb`in chsphkgrsin prhfmnjn, ihmn sn u 737.chk`jn ckmn su jnpr`mgtnbmsi` mnkrnjmgd` `fgb` zjgtju prnkjhst jgk hsfgjsi`fcgb`mgfg mnr su fhcb` rgzv`t` rgzhrju ohju thphvsiu pgbmou. T krucn strgjn,t`mnihf 7


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fg, f`rhk`mgfg sv`bhf zfnu Hsfgjb`mg krucè ohcgtè nurhpsiè znfgbmg,ihmg sn hkv`mgbg ihpjnj`f puthv`fg hk @jk`mn kh `sthjhcg Trnkhznfbmg phkjgkzhrhf Hsfgjb`mg ` zgt`f orhkhv`fg kgbmn jg zgpgk, phnbg mn sbgo`t` hsj`-vgjmnf prvè vnbìè nurhpsiè trchvgiè tvrtig ihmn tn `stn prh`zvhkn ph`jmurgspggvgt` s`curj`m`f ` mnlt`j`m`f phfhrsi`f puthf prnih @jk`msihcg hdngjg

` hih Glrìn kh nurhpsiè znfgbmg jg Gtbgjtìu. Kruch, zohc htir`g Gfnrìn` hsj`vgjmg prvè nurhpsiè ihbhj`mg jg tbu Tmnvnrjn ` Mujn Gfnrìn u 7


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Hsfgjb`mgfg, `sirdgbn jg zgpgkjhmgkrgjsihm hogb` ` jgstgv`bn vn zgphntuihbhj`zgd`mu sphfnjutè rnc`mg.

Qr`st`cbh sn ervgtsih stgjhvj`tvh u phntiu jgsnb`bh u pntjgnstgi jgsnbmg, gjmèhv sn orhm s vrnfnjhf sfgjm`vgh. Qhuzkgjh sn zjg kg su pr`pgkj`d` ervgt-sin zgmnkj`dn jnih `vmnb` u jgsnbm`fg Fglgbkg, [gvnjjg, Qgbgtg, Fhjtnbhjch,

Tgj C`gdhfh kncb` Tde`gvhj`, Tgj O`gsn, Qntgdd`gth, Dgstnbfgurh ` Fhjtnjnrhk` O`sgdd`g, tn u jgsnbm`fg Iru, Fujk`f`tgr ` Tl`l`b`, u ihm`fg è kgjgs jnfg,tn u jgsnbm`fg Iru, Fujk`f`tgr ` Tl`l`b`, u ihm`fg `vn ` kgjgs. Qrnfg f`bmn-jmu C. Tdhtt`mg ervgtsin mn jgsnbmnjìg zgmnkj`dg irgmnf 7>. ` phntihf 7 111.>

Qhkr`mntbh mn fhbìè khsnbmnjìg jnrgzmgjmnjh ` phsthm` jnihbìh prntph-stgvig h thfn hkgibn su khb` u @tgb`mu. ]g th p`tgjmn prv` sn 753;. zg`jtnrns`rghrusi` mnzìhsbhvgd ` phvmnsj`gr \. Fgiunv. Hj mn jg tnfnbmu jniè stgrhsbg-vnjsiè r`mn` ihmn su o`bn u uphtrno` fnu fhbì`f khsnbmnj`d`fg phcrnjhzgibmu`h kg mn r`mn h stgjhvj`tvu oucgrsihcg phkr`mntbg.@sth, str. 75.


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stvnjè prntphstgvig h phkr`mntbu fhbìè Ervgtg jgmutnfnbmnj`mg mn ` jg kgjg-jmnf stupjmu `strgnjhst` prhobnfg jgmzgstupbmnj`mg hjg prnfg ihmhm fhbìÈrvgt` phtmnu s kgbfgt`jsihcg phkrumg `zfnu r`mnig Dnt`jn ` Jnrntvn.

Gih `zuzfnfh F. Qud`g ihm` mn htir`h fhbìn Ervgtn, jmèhvh mujh-kgbfgt`jsih phkr`mntbh prv` mn zgstupgh M. Tfhkbgig, `stù` kg jmèhvu prgkh-

fhv`ju trnog trg`t` mujh hk Dnt`jn, ` th u pr`fhrmu, kgibn u phko`hihvsihf` jnrntvgjsihf irgmu. ^ pr`bhc thm tnz` chvhrn mnz`j` phkgd` ` gjgb`zn krucèguthrg= F. _nntgrg, Q. `fujhv`g, K. Orhzhv`g. Jg`fn, chvhr mn fhbìèErvgtg thigvsihìgvsi` prhnt orhmj`f gigv`zf`fg. `jmnj`dg kg mn r`mnh thigvsihm ìgv`d` zjg` kg j`su jgsnbmgvgb` phkrumn mujh hk Jnrntvn, ckmnprnvbgkgvg (`)mnigv`dg, j` smnvnrjh hk Dnt`jn mnr o` u thf sbugmu o`b` gigvd`.71gigvsi` sbhm u jmèhvu mnzìu fhn sn homgsj`t` t`fn th mn u vr`mnfn prhkhrgHsfgjb`mg stgjhvj`tvh `z Fgigrsihcg pr`fhrmg tn khjmncg thig r`mnin Jnrntvnomngbh jg srnkjmhkgbfgt`jsin hthin Evgr, Org ` Ihrubu.77 [h mn, uhstgbhf,phtvrk`bh ` `strg`vgjmn jg tnfnbmu bnisìhstgt`stìn fnthkn.7?

Qhsbmnkjm` phkgtgi vnzgj uz p`tgjmn phkr`mntbg fhbìè Ervgtg t`n sn jmèh-vè prnz`fnjg ihm`fg sn kntgbmjh phzgogv`h Q. `fujhv` zgibmuumu` igih mnF`rdhjgmorhmj`mn prnz`fn u Iruu.74^ vnz` s t`f prnz`fnjhf u Og`j` sn sgu-vgbg ` prnkgmg phvnzgjg s thphj`fhf F`rihv` kvhr` z hihb`dn Og`jsiè mnznrg,hkgibn sn jni` F`rih prnk hsfgjsihf hpgsjhu `snb`h u muju @tgb`mu.7; @sthtgih, u sbgvnjsi`f jgsnbm`fg u mujhm @tgb`m` phsthm` prnkgmg prnfg ihmhm mn vhmvh-kg F`rih khvnh pui u Iru ckmn mn F`rihvh pbnfn `fgbh jgmvnn znfbmn.7>

71Fgtn `fujk`, j. km., str. ;. >.77 T hoz`rhf jg jnin sb`jhst` u chvhru fhbìè Ervgtg s chvhr`fg `z @strn, fhcun mn kg sn ` u @stru jgsnb`bh

stgjhvj`tvh `z o`hihvsihfgigrsihcg phkrumg. H thfn v`k`= Kgbòhr Orhzhv`, H Fgigrsihf pr`fhrmu igh mgkjhfhk srnk`tg mnz`jhe`sthr`msin ` k`mgbnigtsin ihjvnrcnjd`mn, u= Fgigrsi` zohrjì, Fgigrsig 7031., str. 457. ;1>.

7?Bnisìhstgt`stìg fnthkg ph`vg jg prntphstgvd` kg u sv`f mnz`d`fg phsthm` lhjk r`mn` u vnz` s tnfnbmj`f igtn-chr`mgfg hpnbmuksin iubturn ihm` sn hp`rn prhfmnjgfg sg strgjn. h thfn v`k`= G. Tumhbk`, j. km., str. 7??. 74;.

74Guthr mn tgihnr phigzgh igih mn u prnz`fnj`fg, ujgth rgzb``t`f nbnfnjt`fg phtgb`mgj`vgjmg, fhcunprnphzjgt` ervgtsin `fnjsin hsjhvn, pr`fmnr`dn Mgdussh (Mgiu), Qgp`dd`h (Qgp`), Obgsnttg (Obgntg) `tk. H thfn v`k`=Qntgr `fujhv`, Ervgtsig prnz`fnjg, ]gcrno ?11@sth, str. 7?1.

[hf`sbgv Qhp`, Gjnbg Fgtnbmgi,]gcrno


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QHCBNK ^ FN[IH\TI@ Q_N]@FNJTI@ T^T[G\

7. ^\HK

Qrnz`fnjg su mnz`j` sphfnj`d` ihm` zohc svhmn uvmntjn jnprhfmnjm`vhstùvgmu vnbìu mnz`ju stgr`ju, g umnkjh su ` sphfnj`d` snhog ` ornfnj`tn prh-bhst` jmèhvè jhs`tnbmg, svhmnvrsjg usphfnjg jg prhsthr `z ihmncg phtmnu. ^thfn j` Jnrntvgjsig irgm`jg j`mn `zj`fig `gih su u jmhm prnz`fnjg rgzfmnrjhjhv`mg phmgvg mnr "prnz`fnjg su prvh phj`mnb` phvbgtnj`, g phsbmnkjm` hj` `mn mnmnk`jh prgvh (` hovnzg) o`bh prgvh jg rgk ` sbunjmn, crggj` è kho`vgmu pr`mnsnbmgig, fuigrd` pr`mn njg, phkrumg s jgcbgnj`f fggrsi`f ` tgb`mgjsi`futmndgmnf pr`mn hk hjè ihm`fg chsphkgrn [urd` (Lrgj` ?11?=7>). ^ sucbgsmumn s jgvnknj`f jgvhkhf `jmnj`dg kg sn prnz`fnjg igh "stgbjg, jnprhfmnjm`vg` jgsbmnkjg igtnchr`mg u Jnrntvgjsihm irgm`j` phmgvbmumu tni jgihj hsbhohn-

jmg hk [urgig, phntihf 75. sthbmng, `gih phmnk`jgjn prhfmnjn prnz`fnjgjgehk`fh ` u ?1. sthbmnu (tgih mn k`h jhs`tnbmg prnz`fnjg Tpr` `z Khorgjmgprhf`mnj`h `zvhrjh prnz`fn u Og`bh ` Jhvgihv`, g k`h Jhvgihv`g u Fnj`x).@pgi, phprnz`fnjmgvgjmn mn jg hv`f prhsthr`fg zgphnbh fjhch rgj`mn zohcob`z`jn utmndgmg Kuorhvgin _npuobìn. Mh u 7;. sthbmnu kuorhvgig igjdnbg-r`mg o`bmn` pgtrhj`fn svhmè crggjg jnrntvgjsihcg phkr`mntbg, g hk 7>. sthbmn-u sbhm phvbgtnjè pr`fg phsthmgjn pr`kmnvin. [ursig su hsvgmgjmg u phtpujhst`zgustgv`bg tgm prhdns ihm` mn phjhvjh phirnjut tni jgihj hsbhohnjmg hk tursin

vbgst`, igkg sn hsj`vgmu zgsnojn jnrntvgjsin upn (khtgkg su or`cu h igthb`-i`f vmnrj`d`fg vhk`b` ucbgvjhf zghstrhi` lrgjmnvd` jg knsjhm hogb` Jnrntvn ` uFntihvù tn upj`d` Crgdg ihk Jnufg u ]ggobmu ` Tb`vju).

Igih sgf khsgk p`sgh h prhdnsu phprnz`fnjmgvgjmg ` phv`mnsj`f phtvr-kgfg phmnk`jè prnz`fnjg u smnvnrh`sthjhfn k`mnbu Jnrntvgjsin irgm`jn, uhvhfn rgku zjhs`f stgt`stìn phkgtin h orhmu jhs`tnbmg phmnk`jè prnz`fnjg uFntihvù (u sgfhfn crgku onz jgsnbmg ihmg fu gkf`j`strgt`vjh pr`pgkgmu) tntufgnjmn phstgjmg jgmorhmj`mè fntihvsiè prnz`fnjg ph php`s`fg stgjhvj`-tvg z 70;5. ?117. rgku sn horgumu 7?4 jgmorhmj`mg prnz`fnjg jg tnfnbmujgvnknjè php`sg.


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;1 jgmnè prnz`fnjgmnr svg hstgbg `fgmu fgjmn hk 7> jhs`tnbmg. Qh php`su stgjhvj`tvg `z ?117.Fntihv` orhm` 74 534 stgjhvjìg tgih kg sgf php`s prnz`fnjg u tgob`d` ?.phvngh jg 711, pr` nfu jn jgvhk`f phkgtin h prhfmnj` orhmjhst` jhs`tnbmgprnz`fnjg ihmg su phorhmgjg u tgob`d` 7. igih o` `tgtnbm bgin uh`h ihmg suprnz`fnjg o`bg fnu orhmj`m`fg u hogfg php`s`fg.7,?,4

[gob`dg 7.Jgmorhmj`mg fntihvsig prnz`fnjg 70;5.70;5. ?117. prhfmnjg

7. Cgor` 713 51 -?3 ?. Ono` 00 415 +?004. \nrgmg 30 51 +7;. F`m` >3 . \u`dg ;0 41 -70. Fnkgr 4? ?3 ->73. Orn` ?5 57 +>473. Cbunv` ?5 7< -7?

7 Qh php`su `z ?117. hsfnrh Irst`nv`g zgo`bmnnjh mn igh Irst`nv`.?Mnkgj mn Mnrgfgz ?117. zgo`bmnnj igh Mgrgfgz, g Mnrgfgz` su 70;5. zgp`s`vgj` ` ighMnrgfgs. ^ chvhru

jnrntvgjsiè `mnigvgdg phsvn mn uho`gmnjh honzvu`vgjmn zvujè sucbgsjìg jg irgmu r`mn` (but 2 buk, ouorni 2 ou-

ornc) tn mn bìMnrgfgshkrgz tn mnz`jn zjggmin fmnsjè chvhrg.4Mnkgj mn jhs`tnbm prnz`fnjg up`sgj igh @b`m`, g `sihjsi` mn `zchvhr jgvnknjhcg prnz`fnjg b.


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70. Krgchv` ?3 >? +?>70. Horgkhv` ?3 7;? +77>?7. Igbno ?> 0? + +>7

?;. Ohihv` ?4 >7 +?5?;. Dv`t` ?4 1 -?4?;. In` ?4 74< +774?;. Fgjnj`dg ?4 5? +>0?;. \uig ?4 ?1 -4?0. Mnbg ?? ?1 -??0. Mnbgv` ?? ;? +?147. Chbnfgd ?7 4> +7;

47. ]hvih ?7 5? + +>44. Qgvbhv` ?1 0< +3 +73>44. \ni` ?1 747 +77745. uihvnz 70 7; ->40. Mgi` 75 05 +51;1. J`ihb` 75 3; +> +75;7. Ihvgnv` 73 7< -7;7. Fgm` 73 ;> +?5;7. [gbgm` 73 7;< +7?0;7. [hp` 73 3 -71;7. [hpbgi 73 5 -0;3. Ou` 7< 7? -;;3. F`bgj 7< ?< +71

;3. ujm` 7< ;? +?7. Ouiv` 7> ?; +0>7. Fgrnv` 7> 747 +777. Fgt`nv` 7> 40 +?;>7. \`t`dg 7> ?0 +7;

Jgmorhmj`mn mn prnz`fn ph php`su z 70;5. o`bh Cgor` s gi 713 jhs`tnbmg.@zrgz`th su orhmjg o`bg ` prnz`fnjg Ono`, \nrgmg ` F`m`, khi su svg krucg prn-


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z`fnjg fgbg fgjmn hk >1 jhs`tnbmg. Fnu ?1 jgmorhmj`mè prnz`fnjg gi mn 7?hjè ihmg sn u fntihvsi`f fgt`j`f ijm`cgfg sphf`jmu jgmigsj`mn phbhv`dhf75. sthbmng (Mnrgfgz 734;., Fnkgr 734;., Cbunv` 734>., @b` 7345., F`m`7340., Qubmnv` 73;1., \u`dg 73;1., Cgor` 73;?., Orn` 73;?., Fgczgj 73>3. \hbgrnv` 73. Hk jmè sn igsj`mn, u fntihvsi`f fgt`dgfg,jn sphf`jmn j` mnkjg hs`f Cruomn`g ihm` 735


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[gob`dg ?. Jgmorhmj`mg fntihvsig prnz`fnjg ?117.35071

prnz`fn ?117. 70;5. prhfmnjg7. Ono` 415 00?. \hbgrnv` ?0; 454. `bmnc 70> ?1

;. Mnrihv` 701 ;7>. Irst`nv` 73;+5 6 75? ;1. Ogr`` 05 7 +03 ?>. Drjnv` 05 < +0??>. Mgi` 05 75?5. Qgvbhv` 0< ?1?5. nb` 54 + 745 1 + 4 6 4 +0441. Ihfgz`j 0; 1 +0;47. Igbno 0? ?>4?. \`khv` 53 1 +53 4?. Ho`vg 54 + ; 6 53 0 0 +354?. _g` 40 +7? + ?? + 7; 6 5371 7? +3>

3]go`bmnnjg su ` ;Mnb``g. _`mn mn h pr`pgkj`d`fg `sthcg rhkg.5^ php`su `z 70;5. zgp`s`vgj` su igh nb`,g ?117. o`bh mn 54 nb`g` 74 nb`g.070;5. zgp`s`vgj` su `sibmu`vh igh Ho`vg`, g ?117. jgehk`fh ` ; Hp`vgg.7140 jhs`tnbmg prnz`fnjg ph php`su `z ?117. zgo`bmnnjh mn igh _gm`,7? igh _gm`, ?? igh _g` ` 7; igh _gm`

(70;5. sv` su o`b` php`sgj` igh _gm`) `gih mn r`mn ucbgvjhf h pr`pgkj`d`fg `sthc rhkg _g`(nv`) ihm` phkr`mntbh vun `zTtrf`dn u Qhphvu hkgibn sn khsnb`h u Euthvh, g kgjgs mn vnhfg orhmgj u fjhc`f jgsnbm`fg u enrdnchvgi`f hp`jgfgJnuf, Tthbgd ` gpbm`jg tn u crgku Fntihv`u. _gzb``thf sgf zgp`s`vgjmu hvhcg prnz`fnjg o`h svmnkhihf ` t`mnihf

ihbhvgjmg u Fntihv`u igkg sgf ihbsiu ibupu k`mnb`h s @vhjhf _gm` ` @chrhf _g`nf. _`mn mn h kmnd` kvhm`dn orgn. _g`-grgfogu `z Fntihv`g igh mnkjhc hk hsbhohk`tnbmg Jnrntvgjsin irgm`jn hk [urgig sphf`jmn ` Gjkr`mg Ig` F`h`.


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4>. Kru`mgj` 5> 41. Qhphv` 3> ?;>1. Qbng 5 +3>>?. J`ihb` 3; 75>4. Ogro`r 37 0 +


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37. Trnj >7 1 +>73?. Grjgut ;0 77 +453?. [gsbgi ;0 3 +;?3?. ]bh` ;4 + . Cgb` ;5 4 +;>33. Qgphjmg ;3 1 +;3 33. `fujhv` ;3 1 +;3 33. \rjhcg ;3 3 +;151. Ogmh ;> 1 +;>51. Fgm` ;> 73 51. _hf` ;> 7 +;;54. Mnbgv` ;? ??54. ujm` ;? 705. Fgr` 4> 1 +4>

@z tgob`dn ?. rgzv`kjh mn kg su sn khchk`bn vnbìn prhfmnjn u orhmjhst`fntihvsiè rhkhvg. Cgor`` ` \nrgmn ihm` su o`b` prv` hkjhsjh trn` ph orhmjhst`ph php`su `z 70;5. pgb` su jg ;5. fmnsth, F`m``, Mnrgfgz` ` Qubmnv`` v`n j`suj` fnu >1, g Fgczgj`, Fnkgr`, Qhphvd` ` \u`dn j` fnu 711 jgmorhmj`mèfntihvsiè prnz`fnjg. ]jgihv`t mn phkgtgi kg sn ph php`su z 70;5. svgi` ?5.Fntihvgd prnz`vgh Cgor`, g kgjgs tni svgi` 734. ^cruoh o` sn fhcbh ustvrk`t`

7


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kg orhm jhs`tnbmg crgksiè prnz`fnjg, tm. hjè ihmè jnfg ph hihbj`f jnrntvgj-si`f snb`fg, gih `zuzfnfh Kuorgv`du ` Cbudn, stgcj`rg (jpr. Mnrgfgz, F`m`)`b` gi pgkg (jpr. Cgor`, Fgczgj, Fnkgr, Qubmnv`, \u`dg) ` `zuf`rn (Dv`t`).Khjnibn su `zj`fig Fgm`` ` Fgt`nv`` ihm`fg sn orhm chthvh utrhstru`h, gb` `fmn rnbgt`vjg orhmjhst `pgi pgbg mnr sn stgjhvj`tvh Fntihv`g u `sthfn rgzkhobmu

v`n jnch untvnrhstru`bh. Orhm mn pgi jhs`tnbmg prnz`fnjg khsnbmnjè `z jnrn-tvgjsiè snbg (jpr. Grjgut, Ogmh, Ogro`r, Ogr``, Ogt`jhv`, Ono`, Omnb`, Ohigj,Ohrhvgd, Oubuf, Drjnv`, grgp`jg, nb`, Cgbhv, Cjmn, Cum`jhv`, @vgjihv`,

Mnrihv`, Igbno, Ijn`, Irst`nv`, Iurgj, Fgrnv`, Fgru`, Fgtnbmgi, Fnk`,Jìhb`, Horgkhv`, Horvgj, Ho`vg, Hsthm`, Qrusgd, _gsth`, _hf`, Tnjtg,ntig, ujm`, [gbgm`, [gsbgi, ^mkur, \ni`, \`khv`, \rjhcg, \uihv`, ]bh`,knr`) ` stgrhsmnk`bgiè prnz`fnjg `m` su jhs`tnbm` `vmnb` `b` ` kgjgs `vn u su-smnkj`f jnrntvgjsi`f snb`fg (jpr. @b`, \hbgrnv`) phrgstgh. @zj`fig su \nrgmnihm`fg orhm stgcj`rg `gih è mn ` kgjgs ?5 u O`mnbhfn \`ru, ; jg Kuorgv`d` ` ?u Cbud`fg. Fnu ?1 jgmorhmj`mè prnz`fnjg sgfh su kvg ihmg o` sn fhcbgjgzvgt` stgrhsmnk`bgi`fg (chrn jgvnknj` \hbgrnv`` tn Khf`jìhv`` ihm` su snu Fntihv` khsnb`b`777357. `z Htr`g9 K. \`khv` ?113 = 711), tr` su khsnbmnj`-ig enrdnchvgig75(Murihv`, Ihz`jg ` utgbh), g u siup`j` orhmj`mè prnz`fnjgjgmv`n mn hjè ihmn jgbgz`fh ph susmnkj`f jnrntvgjsi`f snb`fg, ucbgvjhfjg knsjhm hogb` Jnrntvn (`zj`fig su Fgt`` ihm` su sn khsnbmgvgb` ` `z zgpgkjnEnrdnchv`jn ` `z Htr`g, gb` u jgmvnnfu orhmu `pgi `z \`khjmg tn Horgkhv``khsnbmnj` ucbgvjhf z Khorgjmg \`khjmg, jh u zjgtjhm fmnr` z sthjn Enrdn-

chv`jn). prgvh mn sjgj`mn khsnbmgvgjmn z snbg jg knsjhm hogb` Jnrntvn khvnbhkh thcg kg igv`dg gi jg b`mnvhm hogb` Jnrntvn phbgih st`siumn stgr`mu mnigv`du(u k`mnbhv`fg Fntihv`g tn u pròbgtsi`f sb`vgjmsi`f zgsnhd`fg9 u Ibniu ` Tb`v-ju _gvjhfn `mnigvsi` chvhr ` kgjgs prntnn) tgih kg mn Jnrntvgjsig irgm`jgmnkjh hk r`mntiè phkrumg u ihm`fg mn, `z shd`hb`jcv`stìè rgzbhcg (pr`mn svncgzohc vnhfg `zrgnjhcg hsmngmg pr`pgkjhst` Kgbfgd`m`) ucrhnj` `mnigvsi`7?chvhr`70. Fnu 711 jgmorhmj`mè prnz`fnjg ph php`su `z ?117. jgbgz`fh 75prnz`fnjg ihmg 70;5. j`su `fgbg j`mnkjhc jhs`tnbmg= Ogmh (`z Khorgjmg), Ohrgs(`z \`kg ` hihb`dn Bmuouihc), nrbni (`z \`khjmg), Cgbhv (`z \`khjmg), Murihv`

(khsnb`b` su sn ucbgvjhf z Cgonbg Qhbmg, phtmnu s Ortgj`dn), Ijn` (`z Fègbmg75Qr`kmnv enrdnchvgi` trnog sevgt`t` v`n uvmntjh s hoz`rhf jg `jmnj`du kg mn 01% kgjgjmncg stgjhvj`tvg Jn-

rntvgjsin irgm`jn phkr`mntbhf `z tn jgf susmnkjn phirgm`jn. Q`tgjmn mn sgfh u ihmnf mn tih `snbmnjìhf vgbu pr`st`cgh.70Qrhsmngj Jnrntvgj`j mnigvsin chvhrn kh`vbmgvg igh enrdnchvgin gih su jnrntvgjsi` igvsi` jnrntvgjsi`

`mnigvsi` chvhr` phkmnkjgih sb`j` zgpgkjhenrdnchvgi`f ìgvsi`f hkjhsjh `sthjhenrdnchvgi`f `mnigvsi`f chvh-r`fg. ^hstgbhf, ` hpuznjsi` mn fmnsj` chvhr, ihm` prhsmngj Jnrntvgj`j kh`vbmgvg jgmkgbfgt`jsi`m`f, zgprgvh hkrgzjnckgjmncg cgonhsihcg chvhrg mnr sn vn`jg Hpuznjgdg u crgk khsnb`bg jgihj phjhvjhcg pgkg Cgonbn phk tursiu

vbgst phntihf 75. sthbmng. Jg ihf`jsi` mn pgi fmnsj` chvhr utmndgbg ` orhmjg siup`jg khsnbmnjìg z `sthjn Enrdnch-v`jn (`z ]ggobmg phtmnu ufgj` ` Qhphv``, Td`p`hj`m` su krnvj` npgjhv`` `z _gvjhcg u Qhphvu, g \bgehv`` su phprnkgm` `z Bmuo`jmg) tgih kg mn svn kh jgmjhv`mn "kgbfgt`j`zgd`mn fmnsjhcg chvhrg cbgchbsi` pr`kmnv rgkj` zgvrgvghjg h (khh, phh, o`h). [n su `jmnj`dn jnho`jh o`tjn zg huvgjmn k`mgbnitjn rgzjhbìhst` u Jnrntvgjsihm irgm`j` `

`zcrgkjmu sjhbm`v`mnc hkjhsg prnfg krui`m`fg mnr su jnrntvgjsig igv`dg mnigv`dg phkmnkjgih vgjn phkmnkjgihkrnvjn, svgig u svhfn grngbu.


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` Cbugdg), Ihfgz`j (`z \`khjmg), Ihz`jg (khsnb`b` su sn `z hihb`dn Bmuouihc),Iurgj (khsnb`b` su sn ucbgvjhf `z Iho`bmgn), Fgr` (s Chbhcg Orkg ` Kuorg-

vg, gb` ` `z hihb`dn Bmuouihc), Qgphjmg (ucbgvjhf `z Cgonbg Qhbmg), Qrnv`` (sQrnv`` hkgibn su sn rgzcrgjgb` ph Enrdnchv`j` ` Ervgtsihm), _gcu (ucbgvjhf`z hihb`dn Tthdg), Trnj (`z Khorgjmg ` Tb`vjg), `fujhv` (`z Htr`g ` zgpgkjn

Enrdnchv`jn), \`khv` (ucbgvjhf su khb` `z \`khjmg, fgjm`f k`mnbhf `z Qrukgtn mnkjg ho`tnbm `z \hmvhk`jn), \uihv` (`z Irvgvdg ` Iubn Jhr`jsin) ` ]bh` (`zHtr`g ` Qhkrumj`dn). ^ phrgstu mn ` orhm jhvè khsnbmnjìg `z susmnkjn Enrdnch-

v`jn= hs`f chrn jgvnknjè Murihv`g, Ihz`jg, Fgr`g, Qgphjmg, Qrnv``g ` _g-cug, zjgtjh sn phvngh ` orhm Ouogbg, Cgb`g, Irn`g, Qgvbhv`g, Qr`fhrgdg` utgbg. @z Enrdnchv`jn mn u jgmjhv`mnfu khsnbmnjìhfn vgbu s`curjh khsnb`h` hkrnnj` orhm jhs`tnbmg prnz`fnjg ihmg su nstg s homn strgjn crgj`dn (jpr.Ogr``, Ohrgs, Ohihv`, Khk`c, Chbnfgd, @b`, @vgjihv`, Mnbgv`, Mnb`, Fgt`,Fustgp`, Jìhb`, Horgkhv`, `fujhv` `tk.), g igkth `stg prnz`fnjg jhsn `bmuk` `z vnhfg ukgbmnjè irgmnvg (pr`fmnr`dn, u Fntihvù `fg @b`g s \`sg, \`-khv`g `z \hmvhk`jn `tk.). _nzubtgt` php`sg phigzumu ` sfgjmnjmn orhmg jhs`tnbmgsrpsiè prnz`fnjg= igih u Fntihvù, tgih ` u Cbud`fg. Jnih jgmorhmj`mnsrpsih fntihvsih prnz`fn Qhphvgd kgjgs jhs` chthvh kvhstruih fgjmn Fnt-ihvgdg jnch 70;5., g jgm`zrgz`t`mn snsfgjmnjmn jhs`tnbmg srpsiè prnz`fnjg?1

v`k` jg pr`fmnru Ohmogg ihmè mn 70;5. u Cbud`fg o`bh >7, g ?117. sgfh 77(u sgfhfn Fntihvù `vmnbh mn ?117. 77 Ohmogg, g 70;5. j`mnkgj). Jgmorhm-j`mn mn srpsih prnz`fn u Fntihvù ph php`su `z ?117. Grjgut (;0 jhs`tnbmg

prnz`fnjg), g sb`mnkn cg Ijn`` (4>) ` Igk`mnv`` (4;). Jgkgbmn, u vnbìhf suphrgstu kvhstruig prnz`fnjg, th svmnkh` h svn vnhm nbm` Fntihvi` kg zgkrnkmnvhmgig prnz`fnjg (jpr. D`crhvsi` Ibmusur`, Cbunv` Ihz`jg, Mur``j Omnb`,Ju` \uihv`, \u`dg Cbgvì` `tk.).

Kgigih kg su rnzubtgt` php`sg stgjhvj`tvg z ?117. phkbhj` ir`t`d`. ]jgt-j`m` mn phrgst jhs`tnbmg khsnbmnjìè enrdnchvgiè prnz`fnjg k`mnbhf vmnrhmgt-jh `zgzvgj ` `jmnj`dhf kg su fjhc` jmèhv` jhs`tnbm` pr`mgvbmnj` u crgku `gih ujmnfu jn74`vn.?7T krucn strgjn, ` guthr sn hvè rnkgig fhrg phsut` pnpnbhfmnr rgk` `zvgj Fntihv`g ` zgprgvh u crgku jn `vn `gih `fg pr`mgvbmnjh prno`-

vgb`tn, jh th mn vn prhobnf (pg ` hkrgz) stgjmg u krgv` (pg `, kg sn `zrgz`fhphb`tì`f grchjhf, "stgjmg u rnc`m`).

?7Qhpr`b`jh mn zhrgj pr`fmnr Qrukg u ihmnfu ph php`su `z ?117. `v` ?5 Murihv`g. ]g usphrnkou, u tnbnlhj-sihfn mn `fnjìu jgvnknj tni mnkgj.


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4. QHT[GJMN FN[IH\TI@E Q_N]@FNJG??

4.7. Q_N]@FNJG JGT[GBG HK HTHOJ@E @FNJG

Jgmvn` mn k`h horgnjè fntihvsiè prnz`fnjg (>3 b` ;;>. 7>Mnrihv` (2 Mnrih 2 Mnrhj`f), Fgr` (2 Fgrg 2 Fgr`mg),Fgt`(2 Fgtn/Fgth?;2 Fgtnm),Murihv`(2 Murih 2 Murn 2 Murgm), F`m` (F`mh 2Fèhv`b), Jìhb`(2 Jìhbg), Qgvbhv`(2 Qgvgh) ` `fujhv`(2 `fuj). [ni sujnth jnprhz`rj`mg72 Fgtn/Fgth 2 Fgtnm), F`mh (2 F`mh 2 F`mh 2 Fèh-

v`b). Qrnz`fn pgi Fgrnv` jgstgbh mn hk `fnjg Fgrhmn (2 Fgr`j), th v`k`fh

`z fgt`jè ijm`cg ckmn su jhs`tnbm` thcg prnz`fnjg up`s`vgj` igh Fgrhmnv`, gprnz`fn Irst`nv`hk hshojhc `fnjg Irst` (2 Irsth 2 Irst`sbgv) ihmn sn khvh-k` u svnzu s `fnjhf Ir`sthlhr. @gih sn ` hjhfgstìhm b`tnrgtur` prnz`fnMgi`jgmnn phvnzumn s hshoj`f `fnjhfMgih(2 Mgihv), zg jnrntvgjsih phkrumn`j` sn vmnrhmgtj`m`f kg mn jgstgbh prnfg njsihfn `fnjuMgig(jgstgbhfn prn-fg fuihfn hshojhf fnjuMgihv). Qrhsmnjhfn su Ervgtu phsvn jnprhz`rjgprnz`fnjg\nrgmg ` [gbgm` tvhrnjg `fnjsi`f sulìshf -gmg, g hog jgstgbg prn-fg svntgi`f fnj`fg. Qrnz`fn \nrgmg khvhk` sn u svnzu sg svntgi`f fnjhf\nrhjìg(\nrgmg 2 \nrg 2 \nrhjìg9 usp. bgt. Onr`jus 2 \nr`jus9 Ti 7=?73), g[gbgm` sg svntgi`f `fnjhf73[gk`mg ([gbgmg 2 [gbn 2 [gk`mg).? E`phihr`stì` sulìs -`jnih mn o`h pbhkgj jg jnrntvgjsihfn ` zgpgkjhenrdnchvgihfn phkrumu tn o`bmn-

`fh hshojg `fnjg ` prnz`fnjg igh th su Krgc`, Mur`, Fgt`, Qgvb`, Qntr`, _gk`, _g``tk.?


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Drjnv` (2 Drjih 2 Drjhf`r), Dv`tg (2 Dv`tg9 usp. Dv`mntg), Mnbg (2 Mnbg 2Mnbg),75Mnbgv` (2 Mnbgvg 2 Mnbg), Irn` (2 Irnh 2 Irn`f`r), Fnkgi (2 Fnkgi2 Fnkh?3), Fnk` (2 Fnkh), F`bgj (2 F`bgj 2 F`bn 2 F`bhsbgv),Horgkhv`(2 Horgk), Hsthm` (2 Hsthmg), Qntihv`70(2 Qntih 2 Qntgr),Qubmnv` (2 Qubmh?5),_g` (2 _g` 2 _gm`dg 2 _gkhsbgv), _hk`j (2 _hk`j 2 _hkhsbgv), \ni` (2 \nih 2

\nb`f`r),\bgk`f`r (2 \bgk`f`r),\uihv` (2 \uih 2 \ui), \u`dg (\u`dg 2 \umh2 \ui), \uihsgv (2 \uihsbgv), \uig (2 \uig 2 \ui) ` ]bh` (2 ]bhmh 2 ]bhih).Hshojh `fn \ui, jmnchvn `zvnknj`dn igh ` `fnjg Crkgj `b` ]bhih(usp. zgh)sbu`bg su igh zgt`tg hk zbè kuehvg ` sfrt` pr` phrhku. ^ prnz`fnju Krgchv`(igh ` ihk prnz`fnjg Fgrnv`) khbh mn kh stnzgjmg siup`jn -hmn (jnih su snKrgchv``p`sgb` igh Krgchmnv``). Ttgr`m` mn bì prnz`fnjg Mnb` o`h Mnb`` tncg `zvhk`fh hk e`phihr`st`jhcg njsihcg hshojhc `fnjg Mnb`dg (2 Mnbg 2

Mnbnjg). ]g prnz`fn \`khv`jn fhn sn s phtpujhf s`curjhu ustvrk`t` mn b`fht`v`rgjh irgjsi`f `fnjhf \`k `b` jgrhkj`f `fnjhf \`khsbgv. \`khv`` `z

\`khjmg zgp`s`vgj` su ` igh \`kgj` (2 \`kgj) ` \`khmnv`(2 \`khmn).Eòr`kjg tvhrog hk sbgvnjsin gjtrhphj`fjn hsjhvn Kruc bgt`jsihcg su-

lìsg -`gj(us) uuvgjg mn u prnz`fnju Kru`mgj`.\bgi` mn supstrgt utmndghjg jgstgjgi prnz`fnjg Tnjtg ` Tnjt` (2 Tvnt`j 2 Tvnthf`r9 usp.ruf. sljtsvnt).

Fusb`fgjsi`f su `fnjhf fht`v`rgjg prnz`fnjg Fustgp` ` ^mkur. Jnihsu sn jhs`tnbm` prnz`fnjg Fustgp`(phkr`mntbhf z Euthvg) prnz`vgb` urnv`(2urg) tn mn jhvh prnz`fn jgstgbh jgmvmnrhmgtj`mn zohc thcg th su urnv``

igh fbntgi` jgkgrnj`d` jg pr`mnbgzu `z 73. u 75. sthbmnn kho`b` znfbm`tg ihmgsu jnih o`b` u phsmnku Fustgpgn, prvhcg tursihc chsphkgrg Cgonbn, ihm` mnu Cgonb` hih 7>>0. sgcrgk`h horgfonju tvrgvu zohc ihmn mn Cgonbg kuchjgz`vgjg `tbuihf (2 tur. `lbì lnukgbj` phsmnk, zgsnbgi jg lnukgbnvu `fgjmu9F. \`khv` ?111=>74). Qrnz`fn sn ^mkur khvhk` u svnzu s fusb`fgjsi`f hsho-j`f `fnjhf Eumkur(phsunjh `z enornmsihcg u ihmnfu ehfhj`fj` gpnbgt`vhzjgumn bgvg) ihmn jgvhk` ` @orge`f Infurg (?111=;0) u svhmnf php`su.

?3Hshojh fn Fnkhphtvrnjh mn u ervgtsihfn gjtrhphj`f`msihf sustgvu hk 71. sthbmng (`fujhv` ?11


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>=571). Qhstgjmn prnz`fnjg Cbunv` (2cbugd cbue hvmni), _hf`?4(2 erhf), [hp` (2 thpgb hvmni s mnkjhf irghfjhchf 2 tur. thpgb) ` [hpbgi4?(2 thpgb hvmni s mnkjhf irghf jhchf 2 tur.thpgb) uvmnthvgjh mn tmnbnsj`f jnkhstgtd`fg jmèhvè pr`mgjmè jhs`tnbmg.

_hko`jsi`f su hkjhs`fg fht`v`rgjg pgi prnz`fnjg Ogmh(2 ogmh orgt hk

f`bmg) Fgm`?;

(2 fgmg fgmig hk f`bmg).44

Hkrgzhf su jg`jg `vhtg ubhchfu krutvu prvhtjè jhs`tnbmg fht`v`rgjg prnz`fnjg Khk`c (2 khk`ckhsnbmnjì,pgst`r hkbgz` sg sthihf u phtrgz` zg pgjmgihf), Mgrgfgz/Mnrgfgz (2 mgrg-fgz irgj`j ihm` mn pr`v`kjh prèvggh `sbgf rgk` phvbgst`dg, g pr`vgtjh u-

vgh stgru vmnru 2 tur. ygrgfgz jnvgbmgh, jnuphtrnobm`v 2 tur. ygrgfgi vgbmgt`,vr`mnk`t`) Ijn`?>(2 ijnz snhsi` cbgvgr4;). Qrntirgjsig sn puig vmnrhvgjmghcbnkgmu u prnz`fnju \`t`dg (2 vmnt`dg). Hk phkrucbm`vhcg su jgk`fig jg-

?0Qrnz`fn sn khvhk` u svnzu ` s hshoj`f `fnjhf Ouk`f`r, jh s hoz`rhf jg `jmnj`du kg mn vnhfg rgsprhstrg-jmnjh jg k`jgrsihfn phkrumu vmnrhmgtjh mn jgstgbh hk phkrucbm`vhc jgk`fig.41G_m (4=751) o`bmn` ` `fn Cbgv`jg.47F`bgj Jhs` (7005=73;) khvhk` prnz`fn s rufujmsi`f gjtrhphj`fj`f ihr`mnjhf *Ono gbo. gpnbgt`vhf

ono zmnjg. `jmnj`dg mnst kg su jg Ihshvu u 7;. sthbmnu phtvrnjg hshojg `fnjg Ononm ` Ononnv` (Crihv`7054=7>3), zg ihmg ` guthr`dg tvrk` kg su jnsbgvnjsihcg phkr`mntbg, g u Ihjgvb`fg jgehk`fh hshoj` jgk`fgi Onoh,tgih kg ` Jhs`nvh f`bmnjmn fhrgfh uznt` u hoz`r.

4?Ehfhj`fjh mn prnz`fn zgo`bmnnjh ` u Fn`furmu ckmn cg sn khvhk` u svnzu s pr`kmnvhf thpgh ` jgz`vhfzg thpb` vmntgr (Lrgj` 7000=>77). ^ irgmnv`fg ihm` su kuch o`b` phk tursihf prnvbgu ` ckmn su nst` phcrkj` jgk`fd`(igh th mn u Jnrntv`) `j` sn bhc`j`m`f tufgnjmn trg`t` u jgvnknjhfn tursihf gpnbgt`vu ihm` hzjgumn erhfg hvmnig.^hstgbhf, hs`f prnz`fnjg [hp`, `sthcg mn phstgjmg ` prnz`fn [hpgbhvù Kuorgv`dgfg u hob`jmnfu Crgdu ` `zufrbhprnz`fn [hpgb`z Hrgehvg Khbg.

44@sthm siup`j` pr`pgkgmu ` prnz`fnjg Orgmihv`(2 orgmih 2 orgt) ` Fgm`dg (2 fgm`dg 2 fgmig) ihmg j`su fnu

jgmn`fg u Fntihvù, gb` su tgihnr zgstupbmnjg.4;Tb`jhcg mn phstgjmg ` prnz`fn Igzjg`. Igzjgd mn, jg`fn, snhsi` cbgvgr (usp. gbo. igsjnd`).


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4.4. Q_N]@FNJG HK JG]@\G ]GJ@FGJMG

Hvhm siup`j`4>pr`pgkg 3 prnz`fnjg (>,). ^ kruc`f mn irgmnv`fg uk`hhvn siup`jn prnz`fnjg rgzfmnrjh vnb`i (pr`fmnr`dn, u Fn`furmu khs`n 7


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fhrgd, _gcu ` \rjhcgjgstgbg su pgi zjgtjh pr`mn khsnbmnjmg jmèhvè jhs`tnbmgu Fntihv`. ^k`h mn hvn siup`jn prnz`fnjg tgihnr rgzfmnrjh fgbnj, jh s ho-z`rhf jg `jmnj`du kg sn z Jnrntvgjsin irgm`jn hk tursiè hsvgmgjmg kh hsbhoh-njmg hk [urgig zjgtjh v`n `snbmgvgbh jnch usnbmgvgbh, th mn phsvn hni`vgjh.

4.>. Q_N]@FNJG JNMGTJN @B@ JNQH]JG[N FH[@\GD@MN

^ hvhm su siup`j` jgmzgj`fbm`v`mg prnz`fnjg nrbni ` Ihfgz`j. nrbnd` suu 75. sthbmnu prnomncb` `z Khorhvg u jnufsihfn Crgdu u v`khjmsi` zgsnbgiKnbnt`j (K. \`khv` ?11>=7>5). ^ Khorhvu su sn prnz`vgb` Out`cgj (2 out`cgjvbgsjì trchv`jn 2 out`cg trchv`jg 2 tgb. ohttncg), g jmèhvh mn45prnz`fn vmn-rhmgtjh jgstgbh eòr`kjhf tvhrohf hk ervgtsihcg ihr`mnjg (2 nrgt` 2 tmnrgt`) `tursihcg sulìsg -ni.;3Qrnz`fn Ihfgz`jzgvrnumn pgi phsnoju phzhrjhst. ^

tursihf phsthm` pgrt`d`p ihfgz(2 ihjfgz) ihm` o` sn fhcgh `zvnst` hk cbgchbgihjfgijgstgj`t` sn. Ihfgz40o` o`h hjgm ihm` sn jn jgstgjmumn, jhfgk.;5Jggbhcbhtsiu hsjhvu phthf sn khkgh ervgtsi` sulìs -`j. Bì Ihfgs`jhv`zgo`bmn-nj mn u _gvjhfn 7377. (Ir`stn 7000=??4). Ttgr`mn mn prnz`fn Ihfgz`jg o`bhBu` (2 Buig).

;. ]GIBM^GI

^ hvhfn su rgku horgnjg su jgmorhmj`mg fntihvsig prnz`fnjg u rgzkh-obmu 70;5. ?117. @gih mn r`mn h rgzfmnrjh irgtihfn vrnfnjsihf hksmniu,

v`kbm`vh mn kg su sn khchk`bn vnbìn prhfmnjn u jgmvnhm fmnr` prhuzrhnjn`zvgjmnz`j`f hihbjhst`fg. Jg`fn, stgjhvj`tvh sn crgkg Fntihv`g u horg-njhfn rgzkhobmu untvnrhstru`bh, g Khfhv`jsi` rgt ` rgt u susmnkjhm Ohsj` Ènrdnchv`j` khkgtjh su prhf`mnj`b` knfhcrglsiu sbìu thcg phkrumg tn uorzgb`` phmggb` khsnbmgvgjmn stgjhvj`tvg `z susmnkjn Enrdnchv`jn. [gihnr, `z rnzub-

tgtg php`sg stgjhvj`tvg ?117. v`kbm`vh mn ` kg mn v`n hk phbhv`dn pr`pgkjìgsrpsin fgjm`jn jgpust`bh Fntihv`. Tvn sn th, kgigih, hkrgz`bh jg orhmjhstphmnk`jè prnz`fnjg u sgfhfn crgku. Jgmzhrj`m` mn pr`fmnr prhfmnjg pgkCgor`g ` \nrgmg, stgrhsmnk`bgiè fntihvsiè prnz`fnjg, s 7. hkjhsjh 4. jgk`hou ;5. fmnstg tn `jmnj`dg kg sn fnu 71 jgmorhmj`mè rhkhvg ph php`su `z?117. jgbgz` gi < ihm` j`su o`b` j` fnu 41 jgmorhmj`mè ph php`su `z 70;5.gi ` jgmorhmj`mn fntihvsih prnz`fn Ono` (mnkjh hk ntr`mu prnz`fnjg, uz

;3]gj`fbm`v mn pr`fmnr eòr`kjn ervgtsih-tursin tvhron jgehk`f ` ihk prnz`fnjg uvnbni ckmn mn jg ervgtsi`gjtrhphj`f uvnbg (2 uvh 2 Mhegjjns 2 @vgj9 usp. `vgj 2 Mhegjjns 2 @vgj) khkgj tursi` sulìs -ni.

;5Jg hvu fn fhcujhst, uz jgphfnju kg mn `zjnsnf sg zg th phtrnojhf khzhf hprnzg, uphzhr`h Nirnfgunv` jg nfu sgf fu jn`zfmnrjh zgevgbgj.


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Qhstgjmn mn fntihvsiè prnz`fnjg pgi phsnojh zgj`fbm`vg tnfg zohc rgz-fmnrjh vnbìhc ukmnbg prnz`fnjg ihmg khsgk j`su horgnjg u gjtrhphjhfgst`-

ihm b`tnrgtur`. \nbì uk`h prnz`fnjg jgstgbè prnfg jgrhkj`f `fnj`fg tn `zrgz`thrgzjhbì rgzjhmnz`gj jgk`fgi` sustgv ihm` uigzumn jg tmnbnsjn phsnojhst` (pr`mnsvncg jg jnkhstgtin), fnjtgb`tnt kunvjn hsho`jn (jgphsn fgjn) jnth mn jhvh rgzfmnrjh jnphzjgth u hjhfgst`d` tn `tn jhvg ` phtpuj`mg `strg`vgjmg.

B`tnrgturg=

7. G_m 6 _mnjì ervgtsihcg `b` srpsihc mnzìg 7551. 7031. _njì srpsihcg `b` ervgtsihcg ` grogjgsihcg mnz`-

ig. ]gcrno= @zkgvgi` zgvhk MG]^.4. ONO@, MHT@Q 7054. upg Hpuznj. Hpuznj= upsi` urnk Hpuznj.;. ONO@, MHT@Q 7001. upg Tb`vjh _gvjh. Tpb`t= Drivg u sv`mntu.>. L_GJ@, GJNBG ?11?. Fn`fursig prnz`fnjg. ]gcrno= @jst`tut zg er-

vgtsi` mnzì ` mnzìhsbhvbmn.. H jgrhkj`f `fnj`fg ` prnz`fnj`fg u Ervgtg `

Trog. _gk MG]^, 57 ]gcrno, 577;0. ?11


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d`tjh suvrnfnjè hobìhvjè nbnfnjgtg d`mnbhc zgevgtg, phmgvbmumn sn sgfh uubhz` k`sirntjhc fnk`mgthrg jgphjg ` l`jhn hobìhvgjmg ibupn tn mn krgfgturi`smgmjh hkfmnrnjg.

Gfgbcgf supt`bjè fht`-

vg, jnjgfntbm`vn ihfphz`d`mn` onspr`mnihrjn `zvnkon jhvhrueh cbgvjhc hpuznjsihctrcg lujid`hj`rg igh nfubgthrjhstgbc`jhc, phntsihc rgs-phbhnjmg. _uihp`s u igfnjujnphcrn`vh hkgmn svhc stvh-r`tnbmg, uigzumu` jg vr`mnkjh-st` nstntìn, iubturn ` jgsb`mng.Fgj`lnst`rgmu` guthrhv irng-t`vj` prhsnkn u uv`mni jhvhfk`siursu, jhu krui`mn jnchkgjmu, bmnt` krui`mn jnchz`f`, gpun h thfn tih sfh` ckmn sfh, jg jg`j igihsgfh j`mnf` igfnj th fhn.

@vgj Fbgk`jg,]gcrno


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11 enitgrg, zgprgvh `tgvhgit`vjh phkrumn9 sb`ig 7.).


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0. ]g i. h. Fntihv` `zvrnjg mn 703?.

7051. jhvg `zfmnrg gnrhlhthcrgfntr`msihf fnthkhf. Hk 7051. sbuonj` suphkgd` rnv`z`mn `z 70>0., g znfbm`jg ijm`cg zg i. h. Fntihv` jìgkg j`mn `zrg-njg (phmgvbmumn sn kvhstruig nv`knjd`mg zg `sth phkrumn= prhsthrjg ` prgvjg).

\n sfh rgj`mn sphfnjub` tnjmu o`vncg krutvnjhc sustgvg (70;>. 7001.) kg jn gur`rg prhfmnjg jg tnrnju ` kg jnprni`kjh pht`n `zvgjijm`j`prhfnt jnirntj`jgfg. Qhsbmnk`dg mn thcg `jmnj`dg kg `zfnu stgjmg jg tnrnju` sbuonjè nv`knjd`mg phsthmn tr` cnhfntr`msig ` prgvjg stgjmg ihmg sn fnu-shojh o`tjh rgzbìumu tgih kg stgjmn u jgrgv` jn hkchvgrg stgjmu nv`knjd`mn u

igtgstru, stgjmn u igtgstru jn hkchvgrg stgjmu nv`knjd`mn u znfbm`j`f ijm`cgfg,g stgjmn nv`knjd`mn u znfbm`j`f ijm`cgfg jn hkchvgrg stgjmu u jgrgv`. [givhstvgrjh stgjmn zgmnkjh s l`zì`f stgjmnf igtgstgrsiè pbgjhvg (ihm` su kuchtrgm-jhf uphrgohf ` jnprìbgkj`f kuchchk`jm`f jg`jhf uvgjmg ` hkrgvgjmgphpr`b`jh htnnj`) khvnbh mn kh thcg kg struig ` krgvg fhrgmu njnrc`jhkmnbhvgt`.

Qr`fmnr`dn, jg phkrumu khb`jn r`mnin Jnrntvn o`v` phbmhpr`vrnkj` ihfo`-jgt Q@I Jnrntvg rgsphbgcgh mn, ph vbgst`thm nv`knjd`m`, sg ;534 eg znfbm`tg.Qh phkgd`fg `z znfbm`jè ijm`cg uiupjh mn 74>1 eg uijm`njh jg _npuobìu

Ervgtsiu igh prgvjhc sbmnkjìg Q@I-g Jnrntvn. _gzbìg `zfnu tè kv`mu ph-vr`jg phsbmnk`dg mn jnnv`knjt`rgjhst` v`n nisprhpr`mgd`mg (kgjgs `zvbgtnjmg),zgfmnjg ` phkj`mntè zgetmnvg zg phvrgt hkuzntn `fhv`jn. ^ tgiv`f mn uvmnt`fgo`bg rg`rnjg ` uzurpgd`mg znfbm`tg.

Igh vrug tnfg jgfntjubg sn khkmnbg krgvjhcg phbmhpr`vrnkjhc zn-fbm`tg u zgiup `b` kgrhvgjmn (znfbm`tn phk o`vhf uprgvhf Q@I Jnrntvg)ihmn su, jgtmngm`fg hk 700


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Krgvjg n cnhkntsig uprgvg, u sphrgzufu s F`j`stgrstvhf prgvhsug,uprgvn ` bhigbjn sgfhuprgvn, khj`mnt` hkbuiu h igtgstgrsihm `zfmnr` jg ph-krumu khb`jn r`mnin Jnrntvntn n prhvnst` igtgstgrsiu `zfmnru ` `zrgk`t` igtg-stgrsin hpnrgtn jgmigsj`mn kh 47. prhs`jdg ?11;. chk`jn.

Krgvjg n cnhkntsig uprgvg hkfge pr`stup`t` pr`prnfgfg zg `zvrnjmn

igtgstgrsin zfmnrn z stgvig 7. jgvnknjn thin. _nkhsb`mnk zfmnrn igtgstgrsièhp`jg prhvhk`t n sn ph vnb``j` phvr`jg phbmhpr`vrnkjhc znfbm`tg u vbgsj`tvu_npuobìn Ervgtsin, hkjhsjh sbmnkn`f rnkhsb`mnkhf, ph igtgstgrsi`f hp`jg-fg= Hpuznj, Ihf`j, Qb`jg, Tb`vjh, Fntihv`, Khorgjmn, \`khjmn, \`k ` Ttrucn.

@sthkhojh n s igtgstgrsihf `zfmnrhf ` `zrgkohf igtgstgrsiè hpnrgtg `zthin \@@. jgvnknjn hkbuin F`j`stgrstvh prgvhsug, uprgvn ` bhigbjn sgfhu-prgvn phirnjut` phstupgi hsj`vgjmg, hojgvbmgjmg ` prnhobìhvgjmg znfbm`jèijm`cg prnfg nbnitrhjìhm horgk` phkgtgig (NHQ) u hp`jsi`f sukhv`fg uFntihvù ` Qbhgfg zg igtgstgrsin hp`jn `z thin @. stgvig ?. hvn hkbuin.

^ phstupiu n srn`vgjmg znfbm`jhijm`jhc stgjmg u khb`j` r`mnin JnrntvnF`j`stgrstvh prgvhsug, uprgvn ` bhigbjn sgfhuprgvn vhk`t` or`cu ` jgkzhr jgkprgvhkhoj`f ` urnkj`f rgkhf znfbm`jhijm`jè sukhvg tn n `f zg tu svreuhs`curgt` phtrnojg srnkstvg ` igkrhvn,

Dmnbhiupj` phsgh hsj`vgjmg, hojgvbmgjmg ` prnhobìhvgjmg znfbm`jèijm`cg u hp`jsi`f sukhv`fg u Fntihvù ` Qbhgfg tn srn`vgjmg znfbm`-jhijm`jhc stgjmg u khb`j` r`mnin Jnrntvn fhrg o`t` khvrnj kh 47. prhs`jdg?11;. ]g prhvnkou n sn jgvnknjè fmnrg `z krgvjhc prhrgujg _npuobìn

Ervgtsin ` prhrgujg mnk`j`dg bhigbjn uprgvn ` sgfhuprgvn hs`curgt` uiupjh;1.>11.111,11iujg, ` th= 4;.111.111,11 iujg zg Krgvju cnhkntsiu uprgvu (zg phir`n trhihvg ig-

tgstgrsin `zfmnrn ` `zrgkon igtgstgrsiè hpnrgtg tn trhihvg ihr`tnjmg usbucgprgvjè ` l`zìè hshog hvbgtnjè zg hogvbmgjmn cnhkntsiè phsbhvg)

11.111,11 iujg zg F`j`stgrstvh prgvhsug, uprgvn ` bhigbjn sgfh-uprgvn (zg phir`n trhihvg hsj`vgjmg, hojgvbmgjmg ` prnhobìhvgjmg zn-fbm`jè ijm`cg= trhihv` zgphsbnjè ` fgtnr`mgbj` trhihv` tn trhihv` hprn-

fgjmg znfbm`jhijm`jè hkmnbg `jlhrfgtìhf hprnfhf, ihbhvgjmg zn-fbm`jhijm`jè kmnbgtjìg ` tnejìn phfh`).

;. T[GJMN IG[GT[G_TI@E @]FMN_G @ @]_GKOG JH\@E]NFBM@J@E IJM@CG 41. _^MJG ?115.

Qh phkgd`fg `z Krgvjn cnhkntsin uprgvn kh 41. rumjg ?115. chk`jn

sibhpbmnjh mn 7>-gi uchvhrg s cnhkntsi`f tvrtigfg zg hogvbmgjmn cnhkntsih-igtgstgrsiè `zfmnrg u khb`j` r`mnin Jnrntvn jg phvr`j` hk 7


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55% hk uiupjhc zgevgtg. ^ tgob`d` 7. kgmn sn prncbnk stgjmg rgkhvg 41. rumjg?115.

\n mn jg prv` phcbnk rgzv`kjh kg sg stgjmnf rgkhvg jn fhnfh o`t` zg-khvhbmj`. Qhiugt nfh gjgb`z`rgt` khsgkg u`jmnjh, `stgijut` prhpustn tn phju-k`t` pr`mnkbhc igih o` zgphnt` rgkhv` kgb` hni`vgj` rnzubtgt. O`bh mn tu phntjè

jnsjgbgnjmg zohc spnd`l`jhc tnrnjg u Jnrntv`, gb` su phtnihn jgstup`bn `zohc fgjmig strujè hshog u Krgvjhm cnhkntsihm uprgv` (hkbgzgi vnnc orh-mg k`pbhf`rgjè `jnjmnrg cnhknz`mn) hkjhsjh u prgvhsuu.

`tgv sn prhdns kh stvgrgjmg jhvhcg igtgstgrsihc hpnrgtg ` znfbm`jnijm`cn fhn phk`mnb`t` u kv`mn lgzn. ^ prvhm su lgz` jhs`tnbm` phsbhvg pr`vgtjncnhkntsin tvrtin ihmn su hogvbmgbn (`b` hogvbmgmu) `zfmnru tnrnjg. Tg zgvrntihf`zfmnrn `zrgumu sn igtgstgrsin hpnrgt` u k`c`tgbjhfn ` gjgbhcjhfn hobìu tnpr`prnfgmu phkgd` zg mgvj` uv`k.


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[gob`dg 7. Qrncbnk stgjmg `zfmnrn u Jnrntv` 41. rumjg ?115.

@FN IG[GT[G_TIN HQ@JNJH\N @]FMN_N QH\_@JG

IG[GT[G_T

IG

@TQHT[G\G

T[GJMNr.or.

O_HMNT[@DG

(thjhprhdmnjg)

I.H.H[_@ TNHD@ 771; eg FN[IH\@ `zbgn sn 7 53?4I.H. IHF@J ?7>4 eg QBHN `zbgn sn ? ;074I.H. IHO@BMGG ;45 eg FN[IH\@ ^ TB^ONJHM ^QH_GO@ 4 ?773I.H.\@K 7311I.H.FN[IH\@ ?470 eg FN[IH\@ j`mn rgsp`sgj mgvj` jgtmngm > 741 eg FN[IH\@ prhvhk` sn igtgstgrsig zfmnrg 5 7311I.H.Q_^K


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^ kruchm su lgz` jhs`tnbm` phsbhvg Krgvjg cnhkntsig uprgvg ` F`j`stgrstvhprgvhsug ihm` prnih svhmè sbuo` hsj`vgmu igtgstgrsih ` sukonjh phvmnrnjstvhihmn kgmn jg mgvj` uv`k phkgtin prìupbmnjn igtgstgrsihf `zfmnrhf. _gk igtg-stgrsihc ` suksihc phvmnrnjstvg hkv`mg sn jg `sthm bhigd`m`, `sthkhojh ` ph fh-cujhst` jg bhigd`m` jg ihmhm mn prhvnknjg igtgstgrsig `zfmnrg. \nhfg mn vgjh

`fgt` phvmnrnjìg ihmncg hkrnumn mnk`j`dg bhigbjn sgfhuprgvn, g ihm` `fg luji-d`mu prugjmg phfh` phvmnrnjstvu u phstupd`fg `zbgcgjmg. Qhvmnrnjì trnog o`t`hshog ihmg u`vg phvmnrnjmn u jgsnbmu tn phzjgmn stgjmn u sustgvu jnirntj`jg.

bgjhv` igtgstgrsihc phvmnrnjstvg strgjigfg u phstupiu `zfmnrn prn-khgvgmu horgnjn phkgtin igtgstgrsin `zfmnrn= crgj`dn pgrdnbg ` phvr`jn.Ttrgjig svhm`f phtp`shf khigzumn sucbgsjhst s prnkhnj`f phkgd`fg. Jgihjthcg strgjig pr`stupg suksihf phvmnrnjstvu ihmn jgihj rgsprgvjhc phstupigsgstgvbmg jhv` znfbm`jhijm`j` (]I) ubhgi u jhvhm cbgvjhm ijm`z`. ^ sbugmujnsbgcgjmg strgjgig s prnkhnj`f phkgd`fg jnsphrgzuf` sn rmngvgmu hkrn-nj`f zgihjsi`f phstupd`fg. Qrèvggjmnf nbgohrgtg stgvbmgmu sn u sbuonjuuphrgou jhv` igtgstgr jnirntj`jg ` jhvg znfbm`jg ijm`cg.

@z tgob`dn 7. kgkn sn zgibmu`t` kg su phsbhv` u prvhm lgz` phpr`b`jh hk-fgib`. @sth sn tgih fhn zgibmu`t` kg sn jgkz`ru prhobnf` k`jgfìn phsbhvgkrucn lgzn `zbgcgjmg jg mgvj` uv`k phkgtgig prìupbmnjè `zfmnrhf, hkjhsjh`zrgkhf jhvhc igtgstrg jnirntj`jg ` jhvè znfbm`jè ijm`cg. \`kbm`vh mn kgsn chf`bgmu igtgstgrsi` hpnrgt` sprnfj` zg phstupgi mgvjhc `zbgcgjmg. Q`tgjmnmn ehn b` sn, ph sgkgjmhm k`jgf`d` mgvjè `zbgcgjmg, phst`` hni`vgj` d`bm.

Htvgrgmu sn p`tgjmg jg ihmg fhrgmu kgt` hkchvhr Krgvjg cnhkntsig uprgvg` F`j`stgrstvh prgvhsug, g phtrnojh mn urjh r`mn`t` ibmujg hrcgj`zgd`msig `strujg p`tgjm`fg.

>. Q_@MNKBHC FMN_G ]G QHOHBMGJMN

Jg tnfnbmu svè phkgtgig ` s`fubgd`mhf ph rgzj`f hsjhvgfg, igh th suorhm kjnvjh `zbhnjè ` uijm`njè nst`dg, orhm rgkjè kgjg u tmnkju tn prni`k`

`zbgcgjmg zg vr`mnfn chk`jmè hkfhrg, kgkn sn jgzr`mnt` igkg o` phstupgi`zfmnrn Jnrntvn ` hsj`vgjmn jhvhc igtgstrg ` znfbm`jè ijm`cg fhcgh o`t` zg-vrnj. Igih trnjutgjh jg phsbhv`fg `zbgcgjmg phkgtgig jg mgvj` uv`k (igtg-stgrsig ` suksig phvmnrnjstvg) kmnbumu kvg t`fg, prh`zbgz` kg o` sn sv` phsbhv`fhcb` zgvr`t` zg knsntgi chk`jg, th mn gpshbutjh jnprèvgtbm`vh. Fhrg sn urjhkmnbhvgt` igih o` sn phstupgi uorzgh.

@z khsgkgjmè siustgvg suksihc phvmnrnjstvg jg phsbhv`fg zbgcgjmg nbg-ohrgtg uhnj` su prhobnf` ihm` prh`zbgzn `z hkrnkgog ]gihjg h znfbm`jè ijm`-

cgfg. Qhigzumn sn kg su jnin hkrnkon thcg zgihjg jnsvrs`sehkjn. Jnkhstgmuu`jihv`t`mg ` mnkjhstgvj`mg rmnnjmg pr` `zrgko` znfbm`jhijm`jè ubhgig.


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Fnut`f, vn` mn prhobnf jnkhstgtgi igkrhvg. Qhohbmgjmg su fhcun mn-k`jh orz`f rmngvgjmnf igkrhvsiè p`tgjmg u cnhkntsihm strud` ` prgvhsuu zg-phbmgvgjmnf jhvè bmuk`. Jujh mn hs`curgt` v`n t`fhvg tn th trnog zget`mnvgt``hk Krgvjn cnhkntsin uprgvn ` F`j`stgrstvg prgvhsug.

[rnog zgtrg`t` hk F`j`stgrstvg prgvhsug hkjhsjh Hp`jsihc sukg u Fnt-

ihvù kg phsbhvn hojhvn ` hsj`vgjmg znfbm`jè ijm`cg u khb`j` r`mnin Jnrntvnphstgv` igh pr`hr`tnt.]guumn khmgf mn kg mn `zhstgh mg` pr`t`sgi, pg ` oujt mgvjhst`. @jst`tud`mn

bhigbjn sgfhuprgvn fhrgmu, jnprnstgjh, prhz`vgt` krgvjn ustgjhvn ihmn suphpr`b`jh zgigzgbn jg thf vgjhf prhmnitu zg khb`ju r`mnin Jnrntvn.

Jg hvhf fmnstu mh mnkjhf trnog jgcbgs`t` kg kuchtrgmjh prhvhnjmn prh-mnitg honzvrmnumn phkgtin prìupbmnjn igtgstgrsi`f `zfmnrgfg (phkgd` zgstg-r`mnvgmu), g t`fn sn honzvrmnumu truk ` jnfgbg ubhnjg srnkstvg.

nst`dg ph enitgru. Tpnd`l`jhst tnrn-jg (fhvgrjh phkrumn), spnd`l`jhst fng (igjgb`/mnjknd`), ihmn mn igkth o`bhtnih ho`bmn`t`, tn phfgjmigjmn bmuksiè rnsursg u Krgvjhm cnhkntsihm uprgv` `prgvhsuu fhn khjnibn o`t` hprgvkgjmn zg usphrnj`m` r`tgf zvhnjmg rgkhvg.

Tgfh khjnibn. Qh jg`f sgzjgjm`fg o`bh mn ` jnkhstgtjè srnkstgvg, th mn tgih-nr usphrgvgbh pbgj`rgjn rgkhvn.[rnog uphzhr`t` ` jg jnpr`fmnrnj, pg ` jg jnhkchvhrgj, pr`stup F`j`stgrstvg

prgvhsug ` Hp`jsihc sukg u Fntihvù. Jg sgstgjiu u Krgvjhm cnhkntsihmuprgv` (?5. trgvjmg ?115.) khchvhrnjh mn kg `zbgcgjmn i. h. Hpuznj zgphjn7


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3.), @vg Gb`f` (70?5.)9 r`mnmn h tr`fg snstrgfg `mn mn kmnvhmgih prnz`fn v`bh Irst`nv`

Knsjn= @vuig ucuf (7074.), @vig ntig rh. Knb`mg (707>.)Ihf`j= Fgjkg Crc` rh. Kucgjk` (750.), Lrgjig Chb`mgj(7015.), Mhzh Qr`fhrgd (7071.), _ug Qr`fhrgd rh. Qr`fhrgd (7071.), JngQgvbhv` (7071.), Igtg Cbgv`j` rh. \nrgmg (7047.), Fgr`mg _nz` rh. \nrgmg(7041.)

Fb`j`tn= irhmg F`h Horgkhv` (701.


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Tbìg 7. Crgksig cbgzog Fntihv` 703>.

Lhbibhrjg crupg I^Kg Fntihv` prv` put mn phigzgbg rnihjstru`rgjusvngju stgr`mu jgrhkju jhjmu svhmncg irgmg jg Kruchm sfhtr` pbnsjè crupg]gmnkj`dn hp`jg Tpb`t hkrgjhm ?7. trgvjmg 705;. u Fntihvù `zvhkn` `crn,pmnsfn ` pbnshvn u ihrnhcrgl`m` \`khsbgvg Ogcurg jg pr`rnko` Jg Jnrntvu f`-sn`jg pgbg.

Tbìg ?. Lhbibhrjg crupg I^Kg Fntihv` 705;.


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Tbìg 4. UU. fnujgrhkjg sfhtrg lhbibhrg, ]gcrno 705>., I^K Fntihv`.

Kuch sn vmnrhvgbh kg mn ruihtvhrstvh u Jnrntvgjsihm khb`j` zufrbh. @zbhogJgrhkjh ruihtvhrstvh Jnrntvn hkrgjg u Fntihvù ?4. ?0. trgvjmg 7053.phigzgbg mn kg mn th f`bmnjmn jnthjh. [rnogbh mn sgfh phkrhoj`mn `strg`vgt`.^ `jtnrnsu huvgjmg jgn iubturn ` ohcgtn jgrhkjn ogt`jn prhlnshr` phv`mnst` ùfmntjhst` Dnjtrg zg usfmnrnjh horgzhvgjmn phirnjub` su gid`mu prìupbmgjmgntjhcrglsihc fgtnr`mgbg.

^nj`d` ` jmèhv` rhk`tnbm` sevgt`b` su vgjhst prìupbmgjmg ` hkgzvgb` su sn uvnbìhfn orhmu prntrgumu` stgrn ir`jmn, prgjn phkrufn ` tgvgjn.

Fgjm` mn orhm unjìg phsuk`h nisphjgtn zg `zbhou, g stht`jn mn unjìgsvhm`f pr`bhchf phfhcbh stvgrgjmu tnfnbmg oukun ntjhbhin zo`rin.

IG[GBHC @]BHON

JG]@\@ @]BHNJ@E Q_NKFN[G

BH\ @ _@OHBH\ CHKG, CG_O@[GG, LN_GB, @CBG ]G F_N^, ^^BG, QGJ^BG, _HJI^J,

[_G[^J, HBH\J@DN, \_\G, Q^_[NBG, [_^QG._G[G_T[\H T_Q, IHT@_@, IHTFGG, BÎ@, T[_^CG, ONBNC@MG, _HC ]G ONBNC@M^, D_[GBH,

I_[H, I_[H@, TGKG, IBNQGD, C_@\JG ]G EH[I^.

T[HG_T[\H JH@DN ]G @GJMN H\GDG, ]\HJG, NGC@MG, ^]KG, ^]NJC@MN, ]GIH\@DN,

QH[IH\N, NGBM ]G IHJMN, IHOBG ]G QH[I@\GJMN, IGK@B@DG ]G QNBN, [GQ,QGBM, Q_@OGG.

HKMNG @ [NIT[@B

IH^BMG, O^[@JG, F^KGJ[N, FHK_@JG, HQ_NCGBM, KHBGFG, [IGJ@DG,


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TGKGI, HQBNGI, LGD^BN[, OB^]G, L^[GJ, [_G\N_DG, @BN[, QBN[, KNFQN_,IH^BMG, IHQH_GJ, I_HN[, QGT, CGN JG IB@[G, IGQG, O@GBM, CÔG, _^[G,Q_HT[@_G, I_QG, _^J@I, TMNKGB@DG, G_G_, [H_OG, ^N, TGIN[.

HO^G IGB^Q@ ]G HQGJIN, JGOGKG ]G HQ^[G, @BH, HQGJD@, [N_BÎN, O@\N (K^CN

@ I_G[IN), QBN[IN.

HO_GKG \^JN C_NONJG, CG_CGN, I^K@BMG, \_N[NJH, QH^], IGJN[, KG@DG, K@H T[GJG.

I^GJT[\H TGKGI, HNC, IHFG[_N, FGN, [_HJHGD, O_HJ]@J, _GGJM, IH[BMGG,

IH[B@, IGJ[@DG, [G\G, Q_NJMGG, ]@, [ÎG ]G BÎ, JH, FNTN_, IG@IG,^Q, ^Q ]G ^BMN, LN_GB, IGJ[G_, QNCBG, Q_[\N, BÎG, QHBÎG, BHQG_, T@[H,BHQG[G ]G O_GJH, OÎG_G, ]KMNBG, IBM^, F@HBH\IG, \GBMGI ]G IHJN_-

\^, GO@DG ]G G[_JM^, Q_NTG ]G TFHI\N.

GBG[

\@HBG, IB@MN[G, IB@J, T\_KBH, [NTBG, I^[J@I, NT[GBH, T[HQGBH, K_\NJ@ FGBM,\@TGI, O_HI\G.

CBG]ONJ@ @JT[_^FNJ[@ C^TBN, B@MN_@DG, K\HMJ@DN

Tbìg ;. Igtgbhc `zbhon.

@zbhog mn o`bg vrbh phsmnnjg ` fjhcn mn phtgijubg jg rgzf`bmgjmn ` hob`-ihvgbg nbmu kg sn pr`krun u prìupbmgjmu prnkfntg jgrhkjhc ruihtvhrstvg tn

tgih u hobìu zo`rin sguvgmu zg oukun jgrgtgmn hjh th jnstgmn.

Tbìg >. @zbhog 7053. njsig hkmng.


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Tb`ig


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]g k`mnbhvn jhjmn ` kruchcg uphrgojhc tnist`bg nn sn rgo`h bgj. Fu-igrd` su horg`vgb` phbmg, g njn bgj I@GBN (jgfgigbn), tuibn, vuibn ph crnon-ju ` prnbn.

^ b`tnrgtur` sn sphf`jmn uzchm sv`bnjhcg prnbdg u 70. st. phirgm Hpuznjg `phkgtgi h phsthmgjmu hortjìg sv`bgrg u Fntihvù 75>7. zchm sv`bnjhcg prnbdg

prnstgh mn jg hvhfn phkrumu hih 70>1. H trgk`d`m` cgmnjmg prnbdg chvhrn, hs`fsmngjmg stgr`mè bmuk`, mh pr`sutjn F^_\N (kukhv`) zgsgnjn hih iug ` gbnmn uzputhvn. Tv`bnj` prnbgd uzcgmgh sn u prvhf rnku igh s`rhv`jg zg phtrnon ròhbhvg.T furvn su kmndg jgmnn orgbg b`n ` ergj`bg OÔN. Igkg o` sn hjn zggeur`bnu I^@DN, sgfh su jnin njn zjgbn \^@ sv`bnju j`t jgihj phtgpgjmg u vrnbu

vhku. Hjg sn jgmpr`mn jgfgtgbg jg 7? 7> df knonbu crgju. ]gt`f o` sn j`tQ_NK\HMT[_^@BG (ukvhstru`bg jg ibupih). [ni tgkg o` prnprnknjg jg vrntnjuo`bg sprnfjg zg pbntnjmn frnn zg s`tj`mu ròu pbht`dn. Frnn su zg irupj`mu ròu

[_G[N, [_G[^J@ ` frnn ]G[N]GN pbntnjn hk ihjhpbmn ` iuphvjhc untg uzuphrgou ihjhpbmìn. Frnn su pbnb` fuigrd`. Igh srnkstvh zg o`mnbmnjmn `fprn-cjgd`mu frng ihr`st`bg sn tniu`jg hk prvhcg phtgpgjmg ihjhpbmìn.

Ihjhpbmìg phchkjg zg horgku rgstn jg tbu ihmn z`f` [HJN. Tgk`bg sn urgjh prhbmnn, g orgbg sn umnsnj. O`rgbn su sn K_N[N (rgvjn fbgk`dn) ` su`bn jgsujdu hih fmnsnd kgjg. Qr`mn D@(MN)QGJMG (rgs`mndgjmg stgjm`vgjmg) hjg sn ph-tgpgbg u vhku, hovnzjh i`j`du, ihmg sn hstgvbmgbg ` kh kv`mn chk`jn u phsukg-fg zg stn jgfmnjn, zg ohmnjmn igh srnkstvh zg `njmn hk ern zomnbm`vgjmnruiu jgihj phbmhpr`vrnkjè phsbhvg.

Qgfui sn uzcgmgh sgfh nispnr`fnjtgbjh jnihbìh chk`jg phsb`mn Kruchcgsvmntsihc rgtg u `jkustr`msin svren ` j`mn hstgv`h trgcg u tnist`bjhf ruihtvhrstvu.

O`mnbg pbgtjg zg hkmnu ` krucn tnist`b`mn hk phntig sn ?1. st. vnhfgr`mntih prh`zvhkn. Iupumu sn jg sgmfhv`fg ` u trchv`jgfg u Fntihvù ` Hpu-znju. nsth sn jg KN_JNI^ (sgmfu) vr`bg [_GFQG. \ujnjg suijg f`mnjmgbgsu sn zg o`mnbg, khjnsnjg `z krucè irgmnvg.

Jgmvgj`mg mn kmnbgtjhst vnzgjg zg tnist`bjh ruihtvhrstvh jnrntvgjsihcgirgmg prh`zvhkjmg vujn. ^zchm hvgdg ` ihzg u vnbìhfn orhmu hfhcu`h mn

snhsi`f khfg`jstv`fg vbgst`tu prh`zvhkjmu vujnjè suigjg._gk` b`mnnjmg hk CÔN (sthjn ucn) sthgr` su hvdn ` ihzn jg sv. @vgjgQgb`vgtru ?;. b`pjmg stgrhf kuorhvgihf dnsthf vhk`b` jg phjhjh iupgjmn ufhru kh Tthjsihc zgbmnvg, ukgbmnjhc hih ?1 if. Jgihj `gjmg vnbì`f JH-@DGFG (igrgfg), th su zjgb` rgk`t` chthvh sv` fuigrd` ` njn, vujg sn, mhphvnzgjg u rujh, prgbg u FG[NB^ I_GM G[_JMN (vnkru irgm jgigpj`dn) `bù bhivgfg i`j`dn. \ujg sn pr`mn thcg jgfgigbg u BÎ@M^ (vrnbu vhku s pnrg-hf shkhf) ` B^CHF (pnpnbhf), g f`mngbg sn ` tuibg krvnjhf kh 7 f kuchf

Q_GIBMGHF. [g sn vhkg igsj`mn rgo`bg zg prgjmn I^_N (tgfjn) rhon. \ujgsn _GNJ[G\GBG (`sp`rgbg) kg oukn O@(MN)BG IH TJ@(MN)C. Tu`bg sn prnih


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ihjhpg, `dn `b` rgzogdgjg ph CH_@, crfbmu. ]g NQÎGJMN vujn siup`bh o`sn T@(MN)BH njg ` kmnvhmgig, g igtigkg o` jgvrggb` ` FÎ@ kg è rgzhjhkn._gzkvgmgbh sn prgfnjmn `st`bh hk @IG @ K_GN. [gkg sn vn hkvgmgbg l`

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HRVATSKI NERETVANSKI ZBORNIK BR.1