.;

lJ

r , 64 -80.:u Ji 11

-=, ~ ----------..-==--(

I.., ~

"2--,. r

t ~ _, ,. . ..,._.-'•,n •. i

f

Year ___ /tiff -----· JYo. _______ d _/ y_ ------------

.!l.uthur: -------·J~P.ni , ... C. . .dL_ .. c~~ -u __ &.dr,_··-·--·-·

Contents: ... .cAJii .. .0.,.C&~·"i···~-t-~·-4~-~g.,_~ ·-··-···-······~··· Ml.&.dui.. a.-.i~ .lr.a,w,.:t• Ow.~-~ D,y,&a,.

------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------. --. -----------------------· ------ . ----- ---·

'J

Jl F 0 _ _.,

+-1 ,fQ ~ .. P­o r ,0

<' . ,,:, ~

F Cr

L~~ OF NAVAL WAR COLLEGE

U. S. NAVAL STATION, NEWPORT, R, I.

To be returned

~

•

DEC"·AcrT~- ~""' T A\t; roD trf.''0 OF 5 MAY 1972, SUBJ; PECLAS.;,J..1! .1. ·..,.u.i.Lvl~ OF W\/11 RECORDS

"

1 --•J

)

n -

.An account of'

SOME PAST MILITARY AND NAVAL OPERATIONS

directed against

PUERTO RICO AND CUBA.

*************

Captain C. H. Stockton, U. s .H.,

Naval War College,

Newport, R. I. ,

1900.

.,. t

0 ·~

An a.cc <lun t 01"

OO'!JB PAST I!ILI'l'ARY Am> UAVAL OPERJaIONB

directed C\CQ1nst

PUmrro RICO Alm CU'BA .

(

Tho wa.toro or tho Wont Indioo a.m.\ Ccu-ibbOon ha-ro boon tho bnttlo-

c,"<lUl'ld for Yill"i<>us Eur0Jl0M n..'\tiono for ooverQl oontur1os . Al thouen

not aa rioh 1n hlstorio nacoo1nt1ona flB tho l!od1to1TaneN1, to whioh

it lmn not ~tly bunn o~nred, otill, t~ 1noular or ioolo.tod

nnturo c,f the b0rdnr1ne oountrioa ()f tho CA.r1bbea.n hne cnuood th.O

\mr:t'oro 1n thooo oountr1en to bo ney lnrea1Y a.nd prin!lrily of r.

l) c.ar1 t!Irn> 1'Ul.turC? . ffll.<,n tho intoroooanio onnr.1 ;le o<>na truoted, not

M

only '~ill tho b!rlortnnoo of thocm gntora bG rna.gni:fiod, but tho

lotter~ e1n1lnrity to tho waters ~r tho ~d1torrnnoM GTO~tly

inoraaeed.

Tho Vant Indios h boon tM nuroery fQr sroo.t I'nal18h aon=enp

Sir Frr.nois Dt-nkn, Anaan. Hawke , RQdnoy, Rowo 1 Rood o.~cl I-Toloon all

eorred and distinguiohed thCr!lGCllVGB 1n thesel ln.titudoa . While thn

F.nnt Indios ana :British Indin h-f\VO bacn th3 tro.inins ground Zor

Enaliflb noldi~ra, tho Vl~at Indies hr.vo ae~d in tho Gcu::lO rnnner to

dovolop the :;nelish no.val leo.dora af pnat conturias . In our mm

hiato:ey• the Parry.a, both Portoro rnd li'llrr'P.c:Ut hnvo all B.P<lnt nuch

of thair De:M lives in th6 'Jent. Indios D.nd alone; tha Spe.nish 1:ain1

wul during the lntE> t1a.r mth Spo:ln tm baokbOno of tho aoa po~or oi'

Bllnin ~no brOk<tn by tho Af:1irnl who otilJ. 1uiot'-Y l'.wn1to tho reoog•

nition ot hie 'w'Ork by tho country ho scrvod no Vl()ll ,

It ,.n not QY" 1ntont1on to recount nll tho or~orr .. tiona • lo.ree n..11d

cm::\ll, th."'t h!\vo ooourrad in ,;,r ~llOut cu.ln ~ Pu~rto Rioo--nou under

u -~ (

th$ Ar!ortor..n tl.QB Md novercienty, bat to r"'oount tho pr1no1:r>ol

ope ro.t:tQna in ti.mos past aeait)at Sn.n J'uC'.n do Puorto Rico, Sa.ntia,go

do Cubn, Md the oity tmd port of I:£:.vano. . It h~IlOnD th.l\t th!:>cn

operations lmvo been undor tho r..nelioh flne arxt oc.rriad on in the

sovorn.l wn.ro botwuon lmelnnd ond Spain during pnrts o:r tho outoonth

Uovontoonth and atehtoonth contur1c~. In at locet two or tho ox-

poditiona, that neo..inot St>.ntine,o in 1741 o.t'1d tho Qno a.ga.inat Ill\vann.

in 1702, thtlro wttro oQntineontrs tt-on oo::'!O or tb<t nnslioh north ' A~rimm oolonien n0\7 within tho w-oo. of tho Unitod Stntos . Tho

t1r-at OXJ)Adition, in r>oint of' tii "'• ·10.0 that neninot tho Otl.!)itc-.J. of

Puorto Rioo . Snn Juen, in 1595.

On the ~8th or An8U.Ot oi' tlmt yau.r 1 n tlec->t o:r :37 voaaala,

undor the joint oomr-__.and o~ Sir Francia Drni<c and Sir J'ohn Ha~iidnH•

L, loft Plynouth, F.nglo.nd, for the TI'<let Indios nntl centrnl Al!l.Dr1on.

91th tho oxpedition noro la..~d ~aroon n1Jmborina 2,600• undor the

oo~"md nt: Colonol Gon~rnl Sir 'l'homna J3Ue1rorv1lle,.

a

In the onrly- dnye Qf tho formotion of the OXJHxl1t1on. ita

objootivo point wno tho Isth:nua o:f Pa.no...nia; ?mt nhor-tly bOforo tho

ti.mo o:f aniline tho ooW!ll'U'ldore :?mo.mod thl\t a, B;?QZ'linh tronauro nhir, ,

1n a. orippla<l condition, had 1~ut in ror ohcltor to St'.n cTunn and

thare disrw.ntlod Md diea.r::iod. S]:,.o rcrminod with two o1llions nnd

a ha.11' of troo.aure in her hold t'rom tho riob ninoo o:f Uox.i.co , Q.uoon '

El.iza.bcth, who WWJ intercu-:stod :fin..-moin.J.ly in the exriodition, ordorod

tb:lt • if :poaoiblo • the trunsuro 6hi11 t:ii th ht>r ca.rco aliould be

onpturod.

1'ho ovils ot tho jcint oornct'..nd under wh:1.oh th;is oxrecti tion vrao

plnoed Om!lrl vory ooon to thn tront . Sir John nnw!cina cnrr:J.act bia

flne on the 11Gnrland"• ruld Sir Pra.no1s DrMn• mu.oh youncor in yoa.ro,

net7 hie noc on thn ''DOficmoo 11 • t:hilo, ncoordinB to tho arra.nccnont,

indo bst'Oro ar\1ling, the c01.moil Qf ~ar v..1.0 to meot nltcrnntely on

.... 2 -~-

, 'y

.{

I

thaao two ships, boeinn1ne on bo.t\rd thnt of tho older ottioor.

Bo.tore ronohing tho ooaot o:r Spain, tha 1"1rBt Cl:lfticulty uni, ns to

the first objeotiva: Dr&..'<e doairod to b-Oein ·Rith thC'I Cr.nary Iala.ndo,

but Rm1kina thoucht mnm m1 atto.ok unwitJo and 1nox;pod1ent; Dunkor­

v1llfl a1d1ne -with Dra.ka tho ln.ttor cru'rl~d the ct.v, but nlmoat a.t

t he o,q,enao ot an Ol}l'm ruriturc. Tho rotmlae that follo;;od the

attaok upon the Crutarioa did not ~ond mri.t.tora.

Ho~avar, on tho 2~th of Octooor, tho tloet, ~1th the 3XOaption

or twc, GI'mll ve:JBoln, arrived at tho inland of GuRdelott11A in tho

Vost Indies. Un:rortunutoly, f1vft r.pnnieh trieateo, taent tQ brine

h~ thet dcloyod tronauro in P\torto Rioo, toll in wt th tho two

belatod voenela, ot\Jlturina ona cmd oho.nine th, othor un~il ohQ

JQinc,d tho main body, thus diaoover:1.na tho ponition nnd :rorco of

G tlw !;naliol1 :fleet. J~u.rnine tho d.cstinntion of th~ floet, b;r

torture 1 t Is said, troo tho OC\!ltu:rod veon~l., tht'I Spr.n iah oc>!!!!.!!Mdor

crowdod nll sail tor Puerto IUcQ to notify tho nnthori·t:lea at so.n

cTuan ot thf' oaoine 01" Ho.wkins nnd Drnlm,

C

Dralro a.t onoo nnw the dioa.atroue ranult t>:l' thio dicov~ry nnd

olWture, DJ1d uns c.t once anxioun to get undor~n.y-11 Pi.\reuo r~ci a.tto.ok

the SJ)cmioh frica.tec. Hnwld.na, howo,.ar, rf.'fusod t;o conoen t, Md

Drnko in va.1n urGod unon hie old k1noman tho v:tt~l :L-,porta.nce ot

ru.pid notion. Hnt.rkine, ho~ovar• wa.a aiok Q?ld infir:i, Mel Drl\ko

could not ~reee him too rnr, na the tlent rormined for refitting

o.nd tor tho romo\1nt1ng of truns stored below for t~o tr:,.noo.tlant1o

vo:,neo .

'Qhon the fleet finu.lly na.ilod, Drnko del:.yod l\enin nt tha

V1re1n grnu~ , to find o.nothor pnsoGee through ooaides tho one

usually take.n and at \7h1oh m~ro 1-•lnoad th('I lookout, voasolo 01' tho

Spaniarcle . Another ohn.11nol be inc ~ound~<t (lut by hic j,n h:i.n cmn

ba.rco ,--knomi to this dny na Sir ~-~t\noin !'rule~ 'a Ohn.ru101--botw"on

-Jllii,- 3 ---

.._,

Lt

,0

(

the iolnn<la ot '71re;1n Gorda Md 'lorlotn, tho oxpedi tion paeoed in

rear of the m:1oll Spnniah ooouting v(Jesola nru1 ca':l!l T:ith1n sieht of'

Gan Jut".n w1 thout tho imnodio.to 1mo,1lade(l o:r th~ mlthor:L ttoe, though

the srrivnl. of the 8Pc.n1eh trignteo hnd oonveyed tbo eort:lroJ. in:f'nr­

mntion nn to thoir a.1tn nnd rormr vmorol\bouto.

When, ho~cvor, Drako cmd h1n floot•-oQon to h1o ru.one--

arrived off St>.n .T\1!'1.n, mrittom thoro ~ore 1n n cood atnte of preptU"a­

tttion tor defaneo. non Pedro Tello• tho "eenornl.U of the :fr1ga.tos,

s plaoed in ohnruc, or thia do:fanoe. Hie troope wt,rA lnnded from

tho :trigntes to raintorca tho ei,.rr:lcon, ruVitionru nrtillery hnd

been mounted and two larea voacole, of whioh tho diamntlctcl troo.aure

ohiy v;a,a ono, t:oro sunk t1t tho r,..outh ot tha hnrbQr Mel n boom oon-

otruotod upon thom to oor!Illotl' the bfl-rriar. Tho treaeuro ht\d bc~n

plncoc1 on ohore, in the oltt\del I in t.ll.o netBntir-...o.

Drake ru:id hin neat -woro oiehtod fron tho oi ty a.t tha dnybrr..t'.'k

oi' tho 12th ot novcnoor, und o.bout thio title Sir John R~wkins paa;:;od

.y , lonTing nr~,a, aQle oQC:ni.ndor-in-chiot. Ao thn IJne;liuh naot

o&'.JS up w1 th the liBh,t norninB braor.o inoro1"r'1ne 1n atroncth, o.

onra.vol ~e aoon vrooadine it \11th nunoro1tt1 ~11 bQutn aotmdine and

aianallinc tho u1--y .

As tho chnrt 'boforo ytna ahow1, the oity or G,n JUOJt 1~ built

upon a rooky ~ro~ontory nt tho end of n lone ielnnd. ~hioh rmkoa the

hr.1.rbor And ito oonneotins interior wntara . Thin iel.D.ncl• nlmost a.

peninnula, running in n cer.ercl oa.etGrl:;.· C'-.nd westorly direction, ia

aepsro.tod by n 6l!nll 1nlot kno'w?l. nn tho Boquoron, ~h1ah has alwo.ye

beon cat?:fXlundod by aomo oort of fortifio~tion.

At tho ~oat end of' thia poninouln., dlraotly nt tho rooky aita

o:t tho ol<l to·;m, ia th<, entronoo to the harbor, 9.t thin point h:.ving

n nnv1gbblo ohunnel or 600 ynrdn in ~idth0

onl:Y, but oponine out

boh1nd tho town end promontory e.nd preoontins n cood hv.rbor in dopth

--- 4 .. _ ...

. ' V

u

a

r

Gnd socur 1 ty for v~aaola or aodornto dratt of wntor.

F1To years bQf'ore too nrrivnl at Drt\lce, the pla.oe had been

etrongly fortifiod 0.21d r;,t tho ~~inm -;m.n hald to ho one of the ot.r<>ncoet

porto in tho Uoat Indioa . Tho cntrnnoo \10.& eo:rnondod by tho 1.'l>rro

and tho Rook 'bnttnry, Md the U81.ltll town landine pla.oo by- 8ta.BlGM

battery. To tho Cl~At\1~rd of t.ho town woro works knomi ca th<'

1,:orlllo and qabron, whilo tho ohoro nnd wca dafended by tha work at

tho Boquoron • end th0 hoed ot a oRUsowcy or bridao '10.e Pnr·t S.."Ul

Antonio 1 coverine thn only approao..~ tro~ tho m~J.nlcnd to tho ialand

U!>On v'11ich tho oity ,1ne nlnood.

In all , tho o.ofonoor. o.t thia tir.10 co\wted s~Tonty ct.mo c-.nd tho

c::,,rrison conniatod or l5QO 6ptillilili roculnra,

e.bout 0,000 colonials oo.poblcit of boe..r1ne nrmn.

aidG& n torco or

Appronchin6 !rO!'l tho 04stvmrd clone the oo~otline, the ~ato

in udvnnco of Drnke's noot, ~itr. th~1r ~hito tlaeo nho~illE B oafo

oou.rsa, anQn cc..~ Within tho roe.ch o~ tllt:i :fire 01' tho :SOqucron, tuld

there Al10-;;ing colored fines, r .. t once stood ott ohoro. Tht4 fleot,

ho1.1<:vur • stood on by the Do<;,ucron in olona ordor until 1 t pas sod

Esoambron Pointt mion '~t oa.m:t to anchor 1n n mmd.Y bey, still to tho

enottmrd of tho t<mn .

Tho nnchQr1na or t.te nflot nt th1e pln.oo fine n Gurprint1 te> tho

Spc.n1nrdo, ,=,Jto o.t onoo exi,eoted a landin6 trom tho noot. Unfortun­

ritely for thtJ :Engliah, thla ar.ndy boy wco oC'!vored by tho fire ot tho

chore bnttoriea• ~h1oh nt an~~ OF~nod w1th n fir, oo hot tho.t Drnko

had f1n&lly to we1Ch onohor nnd st£Uld bnok to the oaetwo.rd. Drnke

himoc,l:f' h.atl l!ia etool nhot tron "ndor hin, Wh:l.lo two of h1D principal

ou.bc>rcU.natae \'.larfl r.ortfill.y unu.ndnd t\t thl'I Ot!J!'.ft tino. Ao tho d~.y

c l.QrJod, tho Rnel ieh float finnlly dianprenr-nd frc,m sight, ~1d tho no

who laum not Drn'h--o thoucht t!~o i"OJ)Uloo t~ finn.1 ono.

:But in theofl I hin latter- dnyn, tho opirit o:r DraJro' G youth

•

0

-I r'

aroaa in hi:ll• nnd at the :following dcybron.1< tho Spr.nio.rdo 5n1J thr?

!loot to tho westward or tho on trnnoa I st nnrl.ins towordo that aide

o:r tho harbor entrnnoo a..'ld finally takine ru, entrance 'bahind the

two untortifiod islands of Co.brn l'l.nd Cabritn• ti'n1oh thon, a.o no\r,

rna.rke4 tho wostarn s,.de o :r tr.a on tranoo to tho :rort. 'rhoct' io1Mc1a

:ma•ked the anchorneo of Droke' a veaAcla :from the firl! of tlri toun

ootteries . friet\ttUJ

Pron thie protooted r.nchornee the fta~tw could bn aaon clooo

under Sta. Elana b.~tta1-y, no r,laoed by Tello th~t if tho r,orat ca..-.e

thD trnnAuro in tho oit,nnol aould bQ pitt on boCJ"d and tha r.hir,a to.ke

to ee ... . !lrn._1<e det<'rmined upon n nieht u.ttt\ok by b<>n.ta , ~1th tho

uni'ortuno.t,, ~~tomina.tion etf fir1ne thin ono by on.., . The firot one

sot on tl-rr ao 11s?,.ted UI> thn neie,..ltba:rhond that tha ndvo.ntD.ec o.f o.

n~e,ht nttnck ~n.s lost, o.nd tho bo~ts rcoaivod the oonocntrntod fire V .

·'-""

of tho bnttm-ien to auoh nn extent tlmt the attcffl!)t fnilod ~ith

erent lQaE to tl-w ~f1).1ab.

not yet d1a:'10yed, tho noxt norn1ne Dro.ko neo.in eot underm\Y and

r.orkod nar..inst the r•reve.111na ;:rin,1 to thEt on.ntv,nrd, for t\ favoro.bJ.o

position ott the ontrru1O0. -m-.v.tovar thCl othore thoueht, Tello tho

cori:::mndor of the dDfenae know Dra.ko of old, Md 0011ooit\lly of' his

tonner bold 01,orntions in tho t.nrb<>r of CC\diY., SUBJ)ElCtine tlw.t.

Drt\ke \10uld a.ttc%il!)t to :rorce the horbor e ntrMco beyond the ,end r.i'

tho boom, he &unk t~o h~avily lnden r.ioroha.ntmon nt tho oxtrenitioa,

Md \1hen Dro..".co finDlJ.y hctLded rli.root'-Y for t.ho entrP.noo, ho rmnk in

edditi<>n trm of h1o frien.tas, \·11th nll thoir ,euno, storoo and

oquipnont. Onoo more wns DrL\lct? thllnrted, Md finding nn C'lntranca

'bQ.rrGd,hP- once nor~ oa."18 to nnoh<>r nca.r thn entrnnoc. t.l.1'.!.d onllod n

cot.moil of wo.r to oonaider tha question or a lanc1ine :>.ttr...ck.

:Buekorville nnd thCI maj <lri ty of. tho council bttinc ncuinot the

unt!ertnkine, Drnkfl finruly coondcnod nll rurthei· r.ttorJl'tB c.nd ooilcd

- -- 6 ---

._J

V

Ll

(

n~AY for tho SDaniah !to.in nnd tho Iethr.ma of Pmmca, nt '7hioh 1iloon

he died 1n tha follow~ J'n..11unry.

The oont com.ontary upon DralcC# 1 a c.tton"U)to nnd fa.ilttrea is,

porhr.po, tht't narrn+.iva of tho :~arl of Cu..'!lborltm\'t'o ouoooontul o.ttc.ok

upon the nC'r.fl 11lnoe a. :tew yaarc; u.ftflrwards .

(",eoree Clittord, Earl of C!tun1mrlnttd 1 .:.ttt.s ono of thono d1s­

tinauiehed artventurora of thfl F.li:mh€,thLm ora., \1ho, though not

with<>ut hoJlc, and cloairo for Btd.n, aoc::le to r.:-.. vn 'lJ0 {.11 o.ot·.uitod nuj.t,o

ao nuch rrot"l v. ch1ve.lrouo lov<-1 0.t ad,lCn t,ur& cu1 1'ron MY other notive.

His oocinl r,oo1 tion tmcl orirlo J,oroonol wenlth eo.vo hin r. utantline,

tmt on~blocl him tCl intrnduce r,ood ~,rder r.nd (\isoi!)lino r~n~ hia

1"olloworn in the various ontorprioea initio.t.od l1y him, nnd bas

oauaad hin attock u1,on St:n Jun.n to 1.K1 cOtia1dn:red 0a.o n. :rino ordorly

oporation or wnr oondttoted n1th nv loea 11.u:."'Jl?lity th.'1.1'1 cnllo.ntr,i. st

Tho oxped,.t1Qn \?1th whloh wo nro ooncerno(\ waa tho tonth and

laat th!\t the :r.ru-1 oi' cumborltmd had fort"~d , nnc'\ wns ao_co~cnied by

tho :Gnrl in pRrnon o.n t'.d..-:iirru. ,,.nd oot'l."'.M.der- in-otJ,ef . r..,oiling tron

EnglMd on tho 6th of rr.roh , l5C8, \71th n foroo of twonty vooaols ot

o.11 aorts. ho hn.d tor his flv,eohip tho 1·r.noaa "Cooureo of t fDJ.ioett,

ohriatcnocl bJr Quonn Elizabeth hersoli' o.nd :r-nnkine, with ito 800 tona 1

w::iona tho Tttry first veosolo of tho day . His aeo<md in con:-:i.'Uld,

atylod "!J1.cmt . Gr.narn.1 ruid Vioo Ad•Y)ir~l", Sir .rohn l3orkilloy, oa.rriod

h1o flne on the ttTfarohant Roy!l.l". Aa n \1holo, hia :rorco ~no more

i'omidn.ble, it wno eni<l1 th:ln r.ny tht\t ht\d horatQf'ore boon as BCI!lbled

by o. m.l1>joct of tha kinedcm.

A)•r1v1ns a.t the Crutarioo • CunbOrlnnd to~k nnd plundorod tho

1olond of L«uznroto P.nd th.on r,un..lmd r~roao f.or thet 1'/aat Indion,

arrivine ti.t 1-;he :lolnnd or no:.,inica. on tho 2~1rc'l o-r 7,;.iy . Ler~vine

there on tho let of June , tho oxpod1tion rrooondod to tho Virein

Islands, _whora th0 1Qtld1ne pt\rtioo woro orenni aoC:l and drillect ,

--- ? .-ii·--

C.

1 f

1Jenv1ne the V'-rein croup tho tlnot cndo the oru,torn ond of

Puerto Rico a..~d ooootod C\lona tho north ahoro ot tho ialMd until

tho vicinity of son 3u...~n wna reaohad. The son beine o"1r1, n roroo

o:r abOut l, ooo t:1en '7nn lnndod on tht1 boa.oh to the on.stwt\rd of the,

tomi end i alnr:d or 8c.n J\4""-ll, obsorvo cl only l,y n G'."10.l J. eroul" o 1'

$!>Miah hors~!n .

A da.y' a rir.rch r-.ftor lo.nding bron@lt thf' r:nelinh to the inlot

alreo.cly 9lJOl:en of na tho B<>c1aeron, Md to n. ~lt, c.n thu bQut£a ,1orc

wantine to croaa onto the ioll\nd. At Lhia tir~ tho dofcnnon o~

8nn J"nnn m,ro riuch thf> eotio na at tho t ino of tlrJ :rroviPUl'I C\ttnok,

but the ct1.rrir;on tl:n.t Dr£1..1::o cncountor•c.,d a.nd nollo co::rnndod. \/t\U Li:>.ch

stroncor thrJ1 tho one tlx\t Cmni)orJ..ancl hnd tc, doal with. Dy tho

dion!)r onrt'.nce of tho Spr.nieh harso cu~bcrland 'flf',.fJ J.ed to auopact

U W1other r...prroa.oh to the town, l\..?'ld throueh thft aid or n neero eiddo

they diacoverr,d tho oo.uoowo.y tha.t co;meotcd tho ffOnthac.at end or tho

isln.'1.d of Zrn ~4.ntonio \'.d th tho 'Cl..'\in la.nd and wna oovor~d, thon ne

no\7, by tho rr..:'\ll tort o.t sun An ton:to. CU!.11,erln."1 d Bt\T(! his rion. n

tou houre rttut attor c:nrkneee oot in and t~y a).1 olopt in thuir

o.mo,- on tho mro ground., Do:f'o:ra fu.'lYb!"oruc,tho iltt,~k ~nn r.md<t

Ufflier tho loooorohip ot Sir John nc.,rkoloy. The OCWSCtlt\y \1t\S roueh

and {;.ho S~ rt.ninrda ';Jaro u::;Qn tl"..o ulert t'.?td o;ionad such a ht.it firo

th~t tho ;j-ielieh wore; cC>'':tf~olJ od to ui thdrnw nt d!ey'liellt ui th n loo a

o-r ~i:rty men .

On nocount of. the r,oroiotont rcciucntn of hio au'b<lrdinates 1 th

F.a.rl or Cunborlr.nd roeiened t,ho loado:rnhi1 o:r thia orrnr.ult to his

seooncl in co~1.11d. but hiotm"y tolla of li..ia r~rt. in the rir~tter. Ee

could not 1,aar1 out or the fieht, r-.nc1. attll!i'blina r.J.onc the cnt,oe·.1ny

in the d..1.1·k • h•.1 -wao thro,m o_'f hi a foot nnd ! uahecl b~- oco ictent into

th<' m•,to1·, :".J~c1 ft>.lline on '11o bn.ok, onou~iber('<t wii~ his arr.1or 1 ho

could no1; t::et uy nnd VJOuld .hr•.vo bP, n dro\...-nccl i::'.d ho;; not bc~n i'iGhod

C up, nftor i;omo dela.y • by t·.10 of h1r. M~n.

__ ,. n .,. __

u

C

()

1 (

\'Jhen 1.'1n t\lly reacntHl I tho hi 1,tC1r i~.n r"' lntt" a, ha hc-..d swallotted

aQ r.inch nnl t wci.tor no t.o bo very sick nnd .n <fblieod, I!lO st unhero-

ioo.lly 1;o upand tho rcnn.indt}r of tho nis.ltt sittine in l\ stnto of

oom.vlat{) a,c},..!\ustion by tho aida (}f ~11!:c cnuoevey.

Tho noxt nttaci: wan nncte ()n tho fort nt tho Hnquoron, now knmm

no Snn Goron11 '.() . One or the -vnu:rnls of tho flt'ot wo.s brour,.ht cloati

under tho otna of thia forf~; to do thio, rill.~ !uld t.o l](I crcundod in

front c,f tho fort , but th.-, nno1·11'ioo ()f th~ 001.,1, \'ll\n thour;ht to l,o

just,.fied b~,. the ronulta, r.nd tho f(Jrt w1\o rod\~oea t,<l ruin3t ruthoue)t

tho vosnf'l vrnn otrnnded r..nr;l lleca.r-.c C\ -.,;r"ck. '.ihe a.omwl tin~ !-c.rty

effocted 11. J.n!1.dlne ncro1rn t.ho ~onuoron, nnd af-tor ~ r:-.nrch or £"4 nilG-­

the town wnn nnch ~.ller in thooo dn:,s-•the town wne ronebod o.nd

:round ·t;o oo <le:m:rt,od b!t nll or th" 1,0,-ulf\tion c;tpnble o:r i>eru·ine

o.rms • •ho l~.cl ro:•Gired to tho z:9r1"0. Thi onstlo wa.~ finally

roctucod, tJ'ld Yi th tho t.-.m imd the r~,t of tho t'.t1!~n1oa bcoo."';l!'t nub­

j cct to tho Tn:;liah,

It ',:/O.z CU."'lborl~<1•s oricinnl intention to rtltuin r,osmrnsion ot

Son :runn ria ,..n Enclinh colony, but allm..'\tic n:teonoea, 1u·inai11nlly

oi' tha nci~tura of yo11ow fovar, P.O i1 oduoou hia oQn:.Md thn.t firnt l~

rotu.rned to J:nalnnd, lan.vinc Gir John '3tn·keley in obnrge • antl then

ncrkoloy S:-ollmn~·d, t1 oinil1.6 hio ad!7lirv,1 wl.11.lo ntill on hio hot1ei;a.rd

route, ,

A le.tor nnd unouocenstul n.ttn,ck i,na mt:.lll" ur,on Oun Juan in l"t~n •

by u conbincd oxr o~U. t ion \indnr n.on1· Admiro.l Rm,r~· F.LU'TOY end !Jiout . •

Oe!'l . R"\lph Abe1•o~o~b1e . Thr. dnfonnoa of Son J\mn hwi br.on 1noraaaod

o:r nan Cristobal, a.nd. thtl o.ttock: by shore ~nd sea,

ririncipa.lly by bor1br.rrtlltent, wan 30 ineffective ~nd the £\oam,l to oo

unauooffoaful that Aberoronbio re-cnbnrked with hio force on thf' 30th

of' Af,ril• after n 1000 of i:¼5 ldllod, v:o\md~d and mincing on th

po.rt or tho :rne;l.iRh.

· · - ·· Q ---- --

' ' '-'

-l (

Sn.ntiaco de CQba.

In 1741, an eJtFadi tion \.7aa tnn.~d 1n .ra.~.aioP. to o.ttoi!U)t tho

ocytur~ of &-.ntir.r;o d.O cuix •. It cona,.sted or P.. flaat of o1gh1,

1!h1pn-of-<J_u,- lino, Qno or fift:r cuns, ttmlvo fricntes, sor:10 A--"1llll

oro.fi n.ncl o.bout forty tr:-..nsr orts . The flcr-t. wn .. ~ unclor thfl oo'!:'!"::utd

of Vice Adnir{'l vr.rnon, -;:1th Ro!'.:r Arlr'!ir:i.1 Sir Chr.lo~o Oel~ l\o nccond

in oorrmn d. Tha 1t"11d forooa m=iborod nho-..1t <l 1400 r-..on ~nd Tior~

undar the con:mnd of GcmC?rRl Th<>nns Went~orth. With this lnnc1

toroo waro rG-unn to of' tJin Ar?,()r i c ti..'1 r~:).nrnt, or icir.:\ll~r nm'll;(\rine

2,500 non. Onn or the trar:hinetonn t~coo:'lr,r..ntcd this ~xi1ec!J.tinn nnd

~O\tnt, Vornon °'1r.G ita oo..":W- to tho nr.vol co:-r.ander-1n-oh:tof of thia

CX,iiOdi M.on.

" Gnnntmuno !l:l.Y .m,11 nclcctoc.1 an t,he c:;oncrnl rcnn~?.vonu or the, \,_I

r--...... '-

o.xricdi tion, nnd 1?:r t.he 18th of Jul=,:- tl1a voc:1.oln of tiio ex: oai t:!.on

ho.d anacnblecl in that roy, which .1rw !'.Am3d by Vernon 9 CtU!lbr.rlond

HnrbQr", nftar the oco<lnd oon ot th~ rcienine mon::\roh, Goor·oo II .

ounnto.nnmo !Jtl,y. '11'hich is one 01: tho 'heat c.nd r..o:r~ oecuro ln

Cuba. C:.."ld tho ,;•net Indics 1 is nbout forty I!liloo fro:n tho ontrn.."'.lco to

th~ hnrbor of G~ntin,eo . It ir: ci1v16.ed into t. s:llonl tt!lror ~~Y end

a fino donJ) ;r~ter anchorccc in tte 1:,ny I'ro:er. U.r,on thn arri vnl

of tho o;xrC'di t,:f.on, which took !)Ol'lr.C!!nion of' tha ur.y witl1out ori: oni~

tion, th.A ~llor ohi:r,a of wnr nnd trnna:,ortFJ \'iarn sent, \lP tho

ht\rbor n.r; fnr ae tha ~(!j'"l1~h of ·.·r:--.t~r • C'l"2,i t;tod.

Tho usurJ. c~'t.mcil of W.:\r \Jtv: h0ld ttron th'l C7 X' ,:,,ftcl"' t.,mt of

tho nr!'ivnl of th~ ext,ecl1tion, :1nd cone:tdor:1.ne.:t·ro:1 thP. beet lnf or­

oatiQn a:vnilrbl.1 nnd fron ... n,.:{ .·1 rcconnaiser.nc0t tltt\t o. cl.irnct

nttnok uvon --:-nntir-eo :f'ron th{.1 neo. ,,o.n tut r(\ctico.b2e a."'lcl thr,t the

entrnnce 1.w.B cloood by :.i nul>~tr.ntic.l boor,, r.n r .... t to.c:~ cvllrlo.ncl :rro~

Ciuo.ntcnQ'to 13.,,y wD.tJ C:r-cidad u1·on.

--- 10 -- -

C

u

0

--1 ~

S'he lnnd f()rooo conac,quon tly l~ :i.ao:"::~1,.r:-:od r.nd cncrnr,ed r~t the

r'!.Outh or tho Rio Gur..,r~co • nbou.t thrr<> l~aeutio fron t,he cnf~rr.nc~ to

tho harbor, nnd C\ tlctt'.chnent of 150 .A.norienna n.11d noerooa , under

"'nj or ounator, l'fl?lfltrctc,l t:to in1;crior ns: fr.r ao tJ,e villr:.r,,., of

EllceURV~, •;;hor<' ,.t rc-!'ln:i.nod tor nooo timo until. fQT l"lttnt of Qt111-

port, ~-t fell l>nck to- tho r1:d.n c:mcr:Jf":ont ~

Thoro mt.n :i.t tl1ta timtl nnnr.r:1'blod ,.n r!t.v:,.nt, :!c,.r1,or a. S:•1mir,h

fleot conni!t~ing o:r t·.:elv<' r,h:tps-of'-ti:a-1:lne, ~-1:'.ich con"1:lt·&Atnd nn

active :fleet in bo1.ne ancl r0c1uirec! ti1-~r. a.ttont,ion (l: V<•ruCln . conso­

quently1 ho at~nt ao~o of i1:J.e i'not<.,r cr.tioo:rn to ,w.tch off Ho.v1:~1n

Hnr1Jo:r, · ... hil1.1 ilitll otll~ra h,3 ~J.oc::£1.dC"id r~tinco, 1:nd v::!.t!'. oix of

hio 'J.a.r,.:eRt vos:.;o1~ ho tonr-.ed n lim, ncro:rn thn wi.lv ontnj:1co to

Gun..tttnnnrr.o :"cyt to cover tho trcm~,orto nithm,

r~:Jttin.ce ua.n r.ot ovetr four d&yo r.nrch t'ror:. Oucmtnru~G I'll:.~r, 1:y

trooprJ lightl~r <H1,u:t;!·ad, and \70.0 C'-1-:.tGtt do:fcn:'lelcno on tho la.nd 01,10 .

~~era WO.fl nn foroo o-r r.ny aim, t• o:Toa,7 th(? r.nclia.,'t-t troor a, but

\rontworth dld not nrl'Yt'.nco fro:1 hin on-Jn;.":r,:-mnt . Tho o(.)un·try ~no

thickly woodtHl, :l t, ia tYllO, tt.'ld difficul t.y would }1!.\YEI bocn fou?1d :l.n

dro.ceing th'l eunn ovP?'lc.nrl, bli.t o~ill 1 t imn ri>."notionb:to to hr:.vo

made the nnrch 1-1i th lif:htly oo,.ui1;racl troopo.

But with the Celt~ ocl!.1-"t aicknonn and n J.ottrir fron GonoJ·~l

\1ontworth e,:prof-ininn his dr,'llbt::i ~1.:1.1thor to l\<lvnnc~ 1'f\rthor· or to

subo:tnt 11;.s rorccHJ tmch lonr;or in tbs ;r-.rt tir:y 1>oano5nocl.

The v1.oc o.dnire.l 1-:ndo n roconnntar.a.nce • in poraon , e>f thC'I

entra.noo :md outer· worko of tho lmrbo:r • end :round littla ho ,o of

onpturins thtl z,o.r t frQ'."1 th

other in quick ettccesr:ion •

non. ccmncile <1f wnr :f'ClllmTt=Hl na.oh

met i'iru.lJ.y 1 ~,·tu~.1J y diflCNtrn~;rd, th(•

trooJHi \1flre rtJ-emmrkod on the ~0th of ::ovu'"l~v~r r..nd the :i.-lort

returnod to Jr.:"laios.

Thie on..":IJ)oien ha.a baen eovcroly (l • .nd not unjuotly oritioisod:

---- 11 ---

'-'

G

0

• "

:r1rst, 'oocc.uao the o.ttcl':;?t wa.e rw.cl@ H!l0n Guntineo a·n.thor thnn ur,on

the noro 1::?ortnnt ci'f~y of Hcvru1n, vhore tho onmr.y' o floot l:o.u lyitlfii

noconrlly, baoC"J.tne the s · nniBh fltlnt in n,~vnnt-. U\C'I not ~nal::ed by tho

ontire force or ,,nrnon; c..t-id thirdly• bCtci.uca. Gone ml U~ntworth

rcrnined innct1vo :for about t . ..l'1rc,o r-1nnthn ,,,. thin lenr t.hcm s:lxty

milea by lrmd fro"Y'l tht'ir objnotive . T2~ero a~c:·1.,; to be little ilouht

thn.t Moro ME"n ~ern ao.critia'"!d by clclny in tlmt. sickly clirw.to th.Lm

t1ould hr.?VE"! bean lost by ao ti vo ope1·nt, inns.

Tho con1ueat of ~Hb:J. nfta!'la to MVCI bo~n t!10 <lcuiro 01' tli.n

~nelir,h ninietry, for an J.nto aa t.ho ~~'id or ';tJ:ptein"?-mr, 1741,

oovornor r;hirley of !l.Oston mdo n e:.o$ch. invitin~ lffl\.7 ~elv.ncl.

octtlare to ,'Y to Culul., 1,~•onio:lne f:rnr1tn o·~ lnt".<1. to intenr:int,

aettlerfi . Thia e&c:"!a to !lo.vu ,~Clen t:ia :fire+, <:'1' the novc'.'1.Dnto

( Blli11d to f!libnntorinc) to.1C".rdn r.u'l)n fron ::orth P.!'l.e~·tcv ..

Onfl of the crnnt nv:llo of t.rtn AX;:oditj.on tme r.J. \7Mt of l0n.r or,1

and co - 011cr'"'t. ion ilCtwJcn trn Rn",:' c.ml 1W,vy • flsr,ocd.olly 'hct\1C1cn tho

tuo lot\derr3 . On tho 31nt, o-£ Oo to~r • tho Duko c,~ Eo·,7 Crm tlc wroto

to Vien A("'l1,l'n.l Verron en :follown:

"Hie "Taj (!'>,sty hnn oo~P.Jldec\ r.o to ncrtii~int ~rou r.i1tt Goner al

\7cnt\1orth th~t ho soon with {'.r r :~t cononrn tho htHl,t.A nnd £lJ1 -~~r.ni tic,a

that 1'.1i.v0 nrieon 'hotu~P.n rio of..fioP.ra by eon nmt J.pnd, contru.r:,- tC1

hia ordarn, w}1orel>Y thn aorvioe oc.nnot 'bttt crce.tly snffe1·; m:cl I r\!'l

ordcror TO rr.co'"1:1flncl. to you in tho otron.-:ont ''!...'Ulnar cnrc>~lly to c.1.,r01d

thD likn :ror t},P. future, t.nd t'h~t in c-nnn o:t· any aj,:r:t7crr.noo of

opinlon n.11 aoril"!ony n.nc~ wn~th of o~·.r<H:i'\i.On ahottJ.d bo nvoie.~d. "

In 174·1, 't nf\vo.l ntto.""" i.-:t\A ":~~dt>t nron ~rnU.nc;o dn Cul1"\ b:i,· ~ ..

tleot under the co~t: o.r Pftn:• Ai."1:!.rrJ. f'ir r.,mrl., a 'f:)to\1'J.OR. Tho

entrnnoe of t,hn !'-r.J''hor ·,:no oloscd by C.\ ht)O:!l bn.cknn. ,-,,✓ VO:.Poln h0lcl

roo.dy to 1,o uoed na tir~nnip3 . T~.o <\ofennos .':(l.c! 1'onn Gtronr.t,hcnccl

since 1?4~ c.nd t.ho ~rmin:rclr. wnro n.wnre rif tlto :lntont.,d ntto.cl·.

---- 1~ ---

I "\ \._I

r V

0

., J1'

Tho nonroat .forte \.c1ro ct"nnonnr.:cd b./ tho ~gllsh a.nd th.<1: fire wan

rotnrnon, nnd the londinB ship finoina th.'1.t it wna ilnJ)rl'~tioc.blo to

pr<>ccrnd, he ro ... ortect tc> the o.ct.,in\J .. , vrhr. t inr.t.l.ly r.1 thdrew and

rotun1nd to J,'21k"\.ica.

~~ho Siege m1d C:a!'>tur<' of ,,,::want\ in i•rn2 .

!n J'nntuiry • r102, •;ro.)· wo.s d"clurod. •J~' i :nc;la..'lld ac:rdn ut the

Kine10:1 of q~ 1.in, iu1d 1;1-!(; oxintinc ninin•,ry of Grent :•ritc~n found

thonnclvC's o'bli.:;a-~ Ul {\<i.oi,t, ·tho !ilMo tor 1;:~.:1 war forr:ulnt(ld by tho

oldor ?i ti, ·,,ho l1nd atortly b~1~<"lrfl rnr;ienen. f?'OJ:1 t~.o 1T?inio try of

which he ..,c.~c-~ 1,r•cn 1ir<;~ier .

The 1,1'.-i.?:o r-.t101,tc<l incluclod a. on...~\t.J.Q:. :J.n th, Wr,at In .... ios, wtth

t ho oet.thw:ontn ot: tho 61,cnioh in thc.t, r·~cior;, as obj t otj.,,-r;ls. 7~.v·-..n~

r,r.a t,'\o .': .. in obj ~ctive, "!,o iue then tho ocntnr of thA1l' coloninl

trwle c-..n,: t· .. ~y to their A--:~ricc.n r •or-rn0~oions .

Tl~0 Tir,1·1 of Alhc11i..u·lo \iao nalcot.oct f.or tm ohioi' co::T.1ruld of

th1 J.,u.o. .~oroes , tmd S:lr Oooreo PocoaK• Ac:.:1irt\l of 1,he Tilv.o, wna

n.9poi11t~,( t;o c, n ~~--'ld 11h1J il~lot , -vhJ.lo Co~o6.oro Ausucttia Kor,pol, q.

brother or -t;'h:• -:m·l 01" J.li.~r.u•.rlo , wn.'1 cJ'l oin•tod nuoond in corz-:c:i.nd

o.nd 1,,laofitl in i-::-n '.cli11.t~ oiuu·eo of ,,ho flt 1;inc ou1; of t,ht1 fm•oft 3.n

EngJ.C\.lld .

T"1f.: · ··:V;:t~~ "1.inint.1·;-" lac·k<1d th<' ~.c~11lnc rcmiua of Pitt, Mc"

the rmil i.ne of thv exr,odi ti<m from !:ncJ.nnd wan unneconr,u.rily llelo.:i,.-ed

until tlrn =• .. h of , .. nroh , J."litl tlol~·.y c~acd tho l·rincip:il op1:Jrntions

to tr\kf:l pla.c•.! in tho_ s\l!ll"l']J', '"'_r..d •,ir;ht cm.11:lly h.::.ve ct~t.nod th:: :1iClgo

tn la.n t. ,mt,il th" hlltTicr.110 ocnutiln-- r,o c~:.m,:crouu to thn l'.lEl,lling

shi1:e of i, ·mt ti!!.!" Oll a UllO?'~ li t~o thn.t ,,o ho f(lhlld on fJi thl1r tido

of thC? ()n ~.·r: .. 'loc to thr. h1u--bor ot: r!"\vnn ... .

.. -- l J ---

L.,

-f ~

Too nr~y wns to connist of 16.ooo J.110n, but of th~aa but 4,ooo

were to il rlith thr. oo:·""lt'\nd~r-in-~hiaf tron Bneland. l?ieht

thOi.lF.m.nd l-:Crfl to ,i oin :t.n the \7f!at Indios nr,cl tom· thour.~c1. wora to

be :r,,,rniflh.Otl fl•on .A.I:1:irinn by ~ir ,Tof'f're:.r J.nriarot, then etat:J.oned 0.t

Ne·., York. 'l1w~ +210\1.:mnd or --11one ~ r-nt; we?'e to l}('I colon'-sta or r)ro-

vincinla• ~~· bo rala.,..d 1,:r r.on'";1•r l A"'l..,Or!1t frcw t,he colr,nic3 of' l'aw

York, ':nr :roraey, 1;01m~c+.im.1t Md r'hoda Ialr,.ncl. vii t}', n quotn 1·roM

ea.ch ncoordine to 1,0J>ulnt~o11.

<,ir ~::-oree. ·pncock r:.nil.od vith but fiv:1 lin~'!-nf-b~d,tle 11hi1,e,

the rw·nir.der cf hia nnvn.l :f<'lrco vm,t, to oo comrtttutnd from tho

forcAe ,mdflr co~,1n..Y1d of. Ai"'lir"\1 1lodnoy Md :r:rom ,~ a,,.u.ci.dron under

Captain nC!rvny, 'b<>t'h ,,'"'inc in ttc •··w;t Indln.n i..1r.tore.

U),on th!'.: nrrivnl of .tro flc~t nt ~lD.r'hl\dOt'A, ~.ct."'\ir~l ~o~oc1:,

·--.. hec.r'lni.; of t1-n c~,!"i.:1 !'"1:1 of ,":-.rti.nicrw 1,~r 1;ho c0"'1hi.nNl forc.-'R o"" '-'

·0

Gem oral ·~onc:{:tnn o.n•t Acl.-~ir'•.1 Roclnci y, r~pn.i:r~cl to th!"a.'t, 1-J.noA. T:~o

nnvm of tilA cc:;'1:t•.rn o:!' 1:iort: l:o:·nl in ';\tin i!Jln.mt h~d bcrnn t~\kP.n hon"

by 0 nj<-1· G,.l."tea , t1w r.Prl ior c.:J.d-de-c;r,:-1:• o:f Gtnf!rn1 I"onckton . r··tc u

o.fteri,ar(i.3 oc,:.o to LJ·n10.tar cr.l.., ·,ri ~.y durinc ot1r r.ovolu 1:j orw.r.r '· .. r,

na t.r.e er.noriu. in 00~1 -nrt •;t t;nr:-.to;rr1. .

B:: th"" coti~,i.n::i.tion f'.f:t°rct.nd. •·,t .... rtini1ue, tl1n r::t'.MY r~-10\mt,ed

to ovt~r 11,000 '"en a.nd. ttr-i :fl'.lrt of forty vo:1n(H:1 of·wr..r oJ' ··ll

clnsae e, · i th 1:rn a1,<1raahi1 a rl.l'lti trt.Y\s!)O? ta . /lc~in!.l Pocock cn: .. riod

hits f.1:-~ 'on tr•a 0 1tr.rt•r" of f;O cuns, ..-.... 11d Co~orora r:cr.i el on tha

"Vnliu.nt", :· ~,,.,,

flailin~ :r,ro~ ":l"rrti11i,ru~ on tho ot"L:. o:."' ""n.,v, nnc\ joined off Cr,•~

St . liic11ol.r: ·i-.. th<' ft"'lA'•-1,-..,_,, ('n11t"tn:ant, ti,o routes to l;f'\.,:rLrl.}n-

aentod thr:~a:-brea +,o thr r~l<"'l.\rru. : one the ordinary t.nd l!t{)Ot rwcm·

route alone th1:1 aout:1~rn fd.-~o of' r?uh."l., nncl t11.".:! othor on tl~e north

aide of cu~. , li 1, tl(;l rno·.-n, t 1rr1nr·.ad 1>Y l'.r!y aid.cs to ni.vient:lon u.nd

bOrdcrod on :dthar aide h~, c1'ne~"'ow~ aho'\J.fl•~by ~ermn of -.ihv.t in

·-- 14 -----

t.,,

V

~

r.,·>' '-"

I

•

~ 7

now kno'tlll a.o the old Dalirn:~ Chn.ru1al, which tma in leneth o.bOut

COO nil'3B . DUl'i..""iB our lnte tmr, nn r.cconodatinB cnor.1y kopt thio

clic.nnnl lichte-2 on the Cnb~ oide, \7hilo tho ncn.itr-ru. 60-VClr-:~nt of

tl1e colon~ o'!' ·"t,Ji • • ~ .r~r:..:n .1 ~.n th .:-~,.. ;y tho 11orth~n1 e--:ec.

Ao cclor:tty 1,n.e o :ncntit:.l to t~:- i.iUCC(HHJ of" thn fJntr.n r1 .. o, tl.e

ac-11rrJ. chom' tho 1. ... +.ti.r ri.n the r:oro ~1C' :d3-, c"'TC,n thou.sh c.oro

1l~;:'\1"clcm3 • rou •

T\l kcq. 1.1~0 for:,ntion oorTt.~ct .-J1c1. ,·eJ.J. c, J.tLin c:ont:rrl• iho co· 1 -

b1n~<l fJ.pc·t •;;nn forn :c: in i!OY:ll di YL1iono (J1d ,,•i thoat 1 ilotn r.nci.

,11th, t'.a ,., Jlrincii;,a: cnicio, o.n old ch,,l"t, o:r r.onl 1.r.r3on's, 1.'0Hc~n

.ieht:J nnd !J~i1•B •• ~re 1,ln.cod tt_\1:1 tl·~1 rrincj.pnJ. o~•YS nnr:. rc:ho'1ls ror

, 10.y- nnd nir.,ht 1,~rmr 1"~0 . 'l"a:i.le in th1.n c~J..."\nnol t•.10 3i.r.n~.oh v-•r-&r•J.a

of' ,·nr r:c. ro cn.ptured, but r.. nchnn21cr oao:-:01, in~ at th't un:~1 ti~~.a 1:.

O cn.rrinl to tho eovrrnf,r of ::G.'\nn,. the nc.:,., c:r tht' ... 1: 1 ro~c-:. in,. fl t.

l.,.;

Md t.1u~e: tencd ,,tt,n1:: •

The oc:::,.•nsi tion of •~hia la.rco fle~t., n:; i l; 1iz,.sac<l thr.o•~e}1 th""

old -n.,J;'l,;:1:· C!' •nnol in ,1 dir~ot.ion OJ .. on,.tl'I to tJ:1.t t"Lkcn :n· o"r .., .

Senti ,,-eo '!nitio:i throne}• t'.l!--; .:;r.!l'l') ch.'U"lnol. is 1nt,rrr.~tin.", :>".'ld

\IOrt:i·i.y ,. : .. -::,;;1 tion . Th:: e.,:..c ·oui ticn ilo(, in tl. fo r-:-.t.i. t tcm o:r ... n

di "71 a ion:! r:.ii ... : in tt.:rcrn cc, lt\:$, iL T.1e VU1 ct.5."¥ioion COHSi• tcd of J i.

1ncn-r,f-1,n.r, c;:lr ti~o:rt,O Poc~c1. le~: .• i,1t_. in the 01.nt.or ni th hjr;. ~lt,e on

the "tr_ :.tr." T:1.<• :flc.1.7<1n3 ooluI?lns \,rr,' nlso r.0&1-of-rmr , the rrnr

being b!·ou. 1:t u1, by tr~·ce vo;;aola o.r tho n0ot .

'i"1-n c,i.nls~iJ. coli.l..Ul cc,;1~,i,J~l'd of tr.:-.Lc. 01·t u1,l ... torc5h.ll s,

ho:pi ', ~1 t..r · ilJ. ·~, ; .iJ t /0 l11 .1 i th n··l~rr en "·{'.-l J" . 1c1u,

ao-:,:; 11ro,-tch1, nn .,lr1.vco t.nd no loc.nr.~~ 'hy t"m colon;v- 1 :rou .. ::;hi.._ ri

, i th n~oc ine e, thrt1

thn crnernl o~:ice?n .

ith h 1}':,..:[J only, ~:CiltL Li.::: H:tth t:!e b~Je .. :r_:!' of

Jr.u·ini,., tho {lr.lr.~; ~.1~ ':r1t·i,i?· :t;iu~, th.• ,::-11 h'.'\d

ba<'n cr1,loytHl :J.n o, · f;":in,t .. ood for rn.~cirwr, ~.h.; u il 1n tho vl d I i. ·.::,

o:f H"..Yll.nn ,.,"' :\.n0 very t"½ :tn.

••• l !J - --

J

v

f r

Tho lo.nd forces hc"\d been dividod into :f'ivo br1ga,dco, Md exclu­

sive of tho roinforoomento that cra-10 lnter :L"roo Now York under

:Brig. Gonl • .:Sui-ton nnd the de to.clll:lon t n l''rori J nc.u.i ca. , v~o unto cl in

round nur..bera to 12,ooo ~J~n . Anone t he oi':ficoro <>f thesA :forcea

uhooP. r:N"ltu1 bocon~ kn9wn ru:-tenmrds in our :Rovolutiorm.ry , .-ru· were

tho Adj ntant General, Col . Willia, Hohll c.m.1 'tho Q.Ul\l"'torru:rn tor

tJenerC!.li Col. Guy Carleton.

Tho eJC,podi tion had fine t:oathor .111 _pa.an 1u3 nlone tho no1·th cico

of Cul:>n., and on the cv0nina of tho [l th o:r .runo • rn::! , cl6~.rGc.... th(t

channel nnd sie,htnd T,~ntanms . Gn tho 6th. tho fleot hovo to :~ i...c.ut

:fi Te :J.eneueu 1;o the eaatfla.rd 01· lit1.van~ .. to z. ... "\U? tho nccc :.imry 11ro-

po.rat i <ma i'<l r le.?! di.~ • Co?ICc,.n-.or Kc!illCl 7mH t'i!•~·ointc~ to 'k t .kc

chare;e or the lo.ndina 01orc.tiono, hmring t•.oaic;ne<1 to !l~t oix ;;;hii•:i­

of-tho--lino and oe::ffl l'r1e3.t.es; the na.t-botto~ed. bot~t a t r. bu t & l d £or

lCi!clina the tr.cr,n beinc n:mnod by rr.n 1·ra::1 the floot .

The r.(.:rlirt\l here po.rtect corr.t>tt.ny fro• th.a rent of tho ,,;,q e,u t .ion,

r....nd t.akinc 13 nhi:ps- of"- tbo- line, 2 f'riet~toa. tl>.e bo:'lbk~tchoa a."1tl

36 s~orer.lt.ine, rn.n dotm. ,off the lul.rbor , i'ind:lna inaiuo t-;relvo r;p1.nish

e.b.11,G-Of-thEt-line nnd Beffrnl moToh..'Ult 'V'CSIUll& . ~1ho. ne .. ;t ~1orni11

the n.,nir<'J. n-,br-..r1<:cct. the rinca in bontn and r:.naci o. nLo~t o ... ... , i.1 ..... 1-~. 1

o.bo1_1t f'our nllea to thtt o;;ea t .1nrd 01· Hli,vaan~ About the or-~"!:.O .,i, }{".,

the T-'.~rl of AllJo:r-.arlo lMdOd u-1 th tha ::hole LU"11Y 1'o t~ecn the ij;"'L.1.ll

rivers of Doco.ndo c.nd Coj irlN·, about a.ix oilco t.o the ,.:~.at~ ._J'd o.

1:orro 9 tle 1

T.lJ,r. n.r!:l:• lo.ndel' in threo <-i ,risionu, in cor.r:t'.nt <>:f ~ ..A~' ✓ ri#'

Lieut . n . 1.lliot, i~r~or Cen.tpCi111r.l , ond :.rie . Gen. ll0~7C~ Lord

Alb~t..rle tPine ,,nh.o:re in tho lmree of tho V"'.liMt r.:l th Cl :;:.:,do::o

Ker1~1.

Uhilc the diMJ!:'·1b.."\rkl~t,.on :-,c..o roine \11, tl'..o r,nc ~· ~viio r. s..tcu or resint.nn:n,, but they 1\lere B(lon put to flicllt by o. fire fro::, tRo o:r

the Bhir a. A lm-eo fnroo r ... '\tine t.heir c>t.•! E'a··nce they voru dis-

v persnd, o.nd the tr~ll rodou.bt •. t i.hf' r :o·,ith oi' tho G 1j l!.: u- i' iver

- - lfi -•-

u

i

oilonoed by Cn1,tn.in Harvey in th0 unrneon", ru.,d thn ~ lcnded

witr~out :further disturbance .

'ihe r~entcr r,nrt o! th!> S!•O..."liah inflm try end all their cnvn,lry

took roat at t.ha villnao at G1.mn'.A on, in order to rrevant the

Bri~i311 forcos fro~ eottin3 t'..T(ltmd the hs3cl of the lID.J-bor nnd thuo

nttaoidnt tho city on tha ~e~t sicla. T!~io 1"orce wo.B clinlod.cad by

tho advc.noe ot tho }3ri tish OJ1d the village and erounds of Gur:r"4boooo.

held under Gon • .Jlliot fron tJlcnce.forth, to cover thP. bosiccine

rartio.1 '· ro., .1.ttuc~.:-0 :fro:,. inJ.r.na. .

On 1;1,c 20th, Lord .Uhm.1,.·\rlo o ishing to oocur,y the hill o:f tho

C-:.'l-:'\ll'.a, tii,~11 aur:10untt1<~ <>nly 1>:, o. r;::;nll rc.~cmbt, 1'.n.d ~ i'eint r..!?.cla

u.:.: on t,:i.. r,,rt o.t tho Chorftn, 1,1hioh dive:rtod t:!1• s.::1nnia:rcla ao thnt

th':' or .~tlC" nt Ch.oran uas nbcn::::.oncd t7h ile tho rid{;o of tho Ct".bana.o

r, · W'l!l (;.' ~'~? ' ied ·,_ i th VE"ry 11 t tle le fi6 . u

v

An ~11 e ch.!P.f f'ortificr .. ticn ():f' rtc.vnr..::~ r..ntl of 1 t~ ha:rt,o:r- entra.!iCO

Ln "orro C"..~tlc• the r,rinc:i.r,v.l r4tt..'\.C1r ~i.:-.~ dire.ctccl r~ninst th.ls

w<Jr ., th1" o~ 1;rction:-; ~ir.c r-1~ .. or.ct in chL.?'t.,O of !. .. .ajor Goner:\l l~cp1 ol

b!' hi,, 1 rother, the 001r..ru1der-in-chie.f.

.At. thie ti~, ·~he ,:;nrr1non or rtt".TlUL'\ consiat6d of GlO onv~l.ry,

3,800 int';,utry nntl a.rtil1ory, r-.nd b,ooo Al".ilora and riari1100 boloneine

to th .-1 fleet, n'"'.kins tho munbe1~ of the reculnr forcoa over 13,ooo; l._ ,/

to tllaso ~rre added 14,ooo flilitio antl 1-,eO})le of color, ri.akinc n

totc.l force of ~? ,610 1:00n o.f aJ.J. D.JTU3 c.r.d kinds .

°'Zorro C:n.:~tla boing of tho 5rc1\t,act conecquenoe , on o.ccom1t

of the sc ... 1·ott~- nf regulc.r c.r,ilJ.ory, cCArr1sonod 'by £'.ncl civen in

cr..nree of t,'"; nnvy, nr.der tho corr:nnd ot ron Luia clP V0lnaco, c l.:.dt•.in

of the u::·cynott, .-.hip o:f war . AJ.l the 1;:nalinll h1ator1o.na ~rec in

aeyini3 thnt h" di;:icIL'1r,~d th.\3 ir:portr-nt trnat with ti oourn.ce nnd

fidelity th~t hrt,J ren~crect r..ia na~o ir.::ortal .

The 4 ''ll'1-:.1ia de Gon zn.lea 1 oc.Jjlt~in oi' thE) ':i\.quitonu, ohi!' of' nnr,

uan r..ri•ointc'"" ;3~cond .i.n c~cnd c-..nd r roved to be ~1orthy of hiG c~-:.ic>f'.

-- - 17 - - - - -....

u-

. ~

C

~ f

On the 8th 01" J"u.no the SI=c.::ir-.:rdo our!k Ol'lo of ·thoir laraoot shirs

1n tho mrro:7 entranco ot tho l1nrbor, end on the i;lth a oacond chip

WM n~..k nt t!w ontrruwo C!".d boom Pt\n rlnoed c..croos tho nouth of

tho !Hll"'°b{"'T . At ·.a. still la.tor ,;nto t.1::o t~rbOr Pao corylotoly cloaod

by tM oinldng or a third vooncl . ~io 1 o.r ccuroo, pro.cticnlly

threw out o:f v..cti.on th~ cntiro sr Gh floet , uhich flau net fer in

nti.~~r of veonclo o:f t.?~c lino £ro:i t!lo ::-:ngliGl"i fleat .

I onnnot do ~ttar thnil repent the OO:'.:""~-..ant !:l:tlc upon thin

policy by c m-itar of .. t..hoso clayo tri'.<> neye; 11though tho io~to o:f v.

nnva.l be.ttla :::icht h."'\70. r,rovcd unfavorn.blEI to {the Gponiru-dn) • ;rot

c. b..."lttl& tolorr.bly o!11.ntn.1.nc.:1 nould hr:;7,) disnbled ono OTC':.?:1::mt C...'ld

pnrhr;;;:}s rove en a. ~cna nt rrovontin3 tlm i.mcccan o.f tho db.olo

enten:ricrn. The lonn of th.Dir f'lo~t in thio ,-;ey nir,!tt rooaibl~

h&-a so.vod th11 city; b.Ut th9 oity onco t.'.lkon, nothinB oould r,os:.1ibly

6C.Ve tho floot. •

The 'L"r:\in lcttocy oonatructod in ,;ho cioee of 1.:orro c:-.stlo uo.~

placod ,:,.o nonr na thP. cover of the r.nrroundin3 uoCld.o po:rni ttc:1. EL'l 1

at r. difJta.noe of onl;r ,,so yr:,rd.1. Tho r;nil i.m.n co thin thnt it \.".:\O

with c;rnnt difficulty thr.t th') .e---:itleinB 1,nr~.ien ooald coTOr then•

oclveo in tbt?ir 11:-~ ronohon , and the 'b'1ttery h to 1ie erGcted of

wooi. end othnr inn .blo · ~rinl, iaol1.t«.lng ol~'. ror,a cn.lil.oo :f'rori

tho sl'.di;a, etc., on1 1'!!.loe •f c0'6t.t'in b..TOv.:5h.t fron .r:-:,ru.cn. Tho s•,T -

ply of u'"~tor ~o sonroe c-.n.d 'm'cmB,ht, iro~ a c.i3tr,nco , C'J'.ld lnte in t't'..o

01030 tll::,y hl\d to l"..:-:ve r~COl\TGO i;O w::-;t.cr IT0'":1 tho cll.iPS .

In l'!.d11 tion to tha_ -~ttary bo~ini, on tho l~P?TO, onothcr

~ttory of ho'7i t;:ern, on tho Cnb..".l1t1ai a · ·· • · - ,.,..-z:::r -uo erected

t9 bo..~ ur<m tho ohirie in t~ :t.nrbOr, .to otop thDir :fire u~,on th

m~:n \'ror1·inB in tli..e G.J.l. ronchoo. ~n ovcntnolly o:l.Un-od the TC?:;Ov:u

o:r the r-;pnnish fleot tQ tho u por ond err the hc.Tl)O:J:' .. On the 13th•

en octu ... '\l. J.an-:!11'18 wee r._'1.cl-e r,.t Choro.rn, t.,a tho tt~atue.rd 01' Itwc.no,

---- 1.a ---

()

'-.,_;

\,_.,

f f:

or ~r.n~i :fc~, by ercnn.diero cnc1 liaht infc:ntcy, un«er col . !!o

to i?h!oh wtla ndd.od a foroa of ~rinoa t'rcn th noot, . Thio oncncod

tlm nt tent ion o-f tho on~ to t cido oad 1.t ott this pnrt or

tho shoro that thtY cmJ.a Md:, of' t:kc r.neliM :f"lfJet Nt::1.ined at ohor .

It ~oo not until tho ~9th or sune thnt tho lmttcrios nero raatiy

to OJ18n :fire upon tho L"nrre> rtnd the ~1r,p1nc. r.arly on thio day,

hwevcr, a.n nttn.ok n.'ldo up('ln th~

by n l.nrgc detn.c!::::ant tra::n the ci t;r,

1t1sh poait1on on tho CnbM~,

icll h!ld lv.ndod n1?-nr tho r:orro.

Thia nttoak tros repulsed w1 th c;roo:t losa to tho si r.n!.crdzl.

On tho 1ot o-r J't1ly, a oonbined attn.ck 1.1;.on tho t!orro

by soa Mel land. Th~ ohoro bo.ttorios of' S'JllBt r.ortnra Md royolo

open~ :f'ire :t'rO!:l four pos1tiona, wh11o thr. orJ.pa UC~; ridgo", "Drcgon11

and lrftnrlbo-rouehu, uncler Oc:pt..'1.ln Rorv~y ae SCtniar (l:f"ficor, took

position close to tl?S ah.ore and opened :f'ire c.t tm Horro nt 3 • ?:"!.

Thio wao contim.wd until 2 :p .n. • w~n tho s-1'li!ls wern obli~ed to haul off. ThC\ .erocnbri.deo'l, ~..ich 0&1 rrithin crnrc allot dintnn~o,

hod lo~t her o~tn.i.n• ~A n:in ldllod crnl t5 uoundod, whilo tho lOB'}OO

on the other shtrn broU{!ht tho total cna1.L'\ltioa to 42 rxn: killod

..,.nd 140 f.i"OW1cbcl . Th!l !)Ooiticn o:r the l!orro on o hir,h and ct

rook r;~ff n r,l.t!ll.(linz i'iro on tmi c.hi_'n , to ~oh ed:ht d t " C! r-ro n1

:fire 1.rc::i t!le Pn.-it..'\ c-.nd other tcttorioa on t~ to"tin oidt't. Zho :firo

t'rO::'.l th~ nhiPB: ho...-ovor, DTOVCd o ... iintc.nco in rclieviJ'l_r: the :flr ..

ur,on tIIIB lnnd works . :z..· ustirline CMtl~fl ~,:l:, oraored to lend

UDtil the i"i1"Bt chip UM iiTClperly vlc::cd end t,hon to ~11 off'1

but thia -one done so b..~l.y tli.!\t t~ oc.,..,-,tain co.a oour~tit\lo1 et.nd

c:lahiored for hie nct1~,n, a.:l"ter the td.ogu.

fflr.l firo of tho J.A.tid b:ittorico oontinur.tl on the 2nd nnd 3rd of'

July, but on the lnttor d..'1.Y t ho 1,rincir,nl oottory 'bClforo r~ntionsc.l

caueht on :firo r.xid t.nn entirely dcatro.,ec1 .

B.Y thi3 t~, the "lW-~to • l\r_mrlt'rntod by b..'\d Frovioions nnd

___ .. 19 .... -

(_;

' Li

.,

ocmrcity of ont.Gr, boRtm to toll on thq troop-n , Md no lese th:ln

5,ooo e<>ldiors Md. '39 000 oo~ woro dom-i with w.riotu; cot:111.niata .

~ n1otalm o:r orectin8 tho l:!ain °L'1tt.oricg tQe near to ~ ·

·~orro was reneliod intlto -0rcoti on· of t:t!o now battorlao, which were

plt>.cod nt double the diate'.!!Cu. Fire 9':\EJ O'Qntinuouo fra:t thoae

oa.tteriee, one of cii.ich. ~ asnin destl'"Oyed Jty 1.'iro1 and tbe!l 1-ttrrora

and minors I:.rrroacood tko W!',.l.la of the :tort, th,ua]l n~h hindered by

a. ditoh oovonty 1'0et :f'ram the ~ of thr. eQtmtoroec..rp , t.t;ptmrdJI of'

forty feet of thrlt dor,th 1'Jeilli; m.mk in t.he rock. Portunntoly,

there Ynn e. tcin odeO ar thtl rock loft to owvor tlle cxtremi ty of' the

ditch r.ro;;i. the non, Md by ~a or t.h1n ri<tco tl:.o 51no:ta pQrn,od

1th difficulty to tho foot ot tho wall ,

On tho 21st of .July, it ltoccclng ertcwnt to Span io.rda th£'. t

unlesa o~cthinc cttcct1.vo oeon done ,t I!orro \"10Uld :fall, th!.1

aovernor detarnincd to J::lko c..n att.nc.k upon tho ~ciceinc w.rk on the

CabMt\o , the koy o:r th~ P<lait1on 1 nnd 0-1v1ng er.it thn Eneliah, doatroy

th~ b;r ~1r0, K!td this sucoeedod• Pith tho siotly condition of tho

oontin .. on t, ~ t1·oopa a.i,d tho dolcy in tho arrival. o:r the 1:orth A..."tCric

tl:?.~re ia little dotibt tJant th• 3ie ·oald hcvo boen ruiand. The

a.ttaov.J.n::; 1mrty cn:,,:o i'ron tho town, landx1cl on tho Cuba.,.~co aido °'4"1d

be~n."1 thr. attn.ck at four in tho norning. Thio nt~k wna re,r:t\lnocl

1th i,_,,~ loos, Col . Sir Guy Cn.rloton, Rri~"i.dior c-enerru. o:r tho dtU",

·hO i7n.o 1n0,u1dnds roco1v111c GT()~t credit ~or hin c,otivo oorvicoa in

the repulse . ............. ;.J

On the 28th of July. :Brie. G<ln . ~u-ton crrivod with the f~rot /t . .r

division of tho troopa t:rot1 1;orth A"".!Oricn, which lnd ao.ilcd fr<l'.':'l 1row (I J York on tho 11th of .Ttme, bUt on the 241.h of J"ul.y f'iva venoele of his d :xpodition ~ore wreclI:od ott tho 1'~ Strnita .

On tha 50th of' J't,ly, tho oino a unC:er ~ rinlla of l:orro wore

fired, t:m.kl.110 o. bret:.ch tbn.t t-1~ conoidorod r ro.ctico.blo, end nn

--- 20 ---

V ' f

anus.ult .n ordered. Don Louio Voles.co ctof.ond~d hio ch:lree to

th:: lc.'\st • l'.l"'.d in cn1.o£1.vor1ne to rnlly hio ~n 't7ns l"lOrtcJ.ly pounded

\m.1le coaina Ul> th! olor--e of' th(l rc..'l"I,Pnrt .• In mtah hi~ cstoeri did

-tM King o:r Sp.c1n hold this brow officer c.nd hia brow def0n30, that

h1' not <ml.y onnoblod h1n non b;r c:rcnt1£13 hin Viseottnt !!orro, but nloo

ordered that thoro nhould nl.\7cya oo a ship :t.n tl:o Spani ch !b-vy nmoc!

thn °Vole.eoo . 0 The laot vencol to hold tlJ:lt oont1nuouol.y ln

tho Spcnic..'1. na,-y wno o.npLured 1ty tho float uador >...doirul nm-.roy nt

~,:--nilo.. on tl::.o lot at li!'.J' 1 10.,.. .

ttnrqnta Gonr.3.loo, tho acoond in c•r:mc1d •. t1na al.e11 killed in tho.

a.nsa;lt, Ph1oh •'-'rul nucceonf'ill c...,~or arco.t loaa to tho o,.rrinon. ~

ponoons1on of thie :fort coot 4~ da_.TT, of. hro-d lnbQ:r from the tir.o of

t~ first oporntiont!, durlns \-"/hioh t i t"'.o the CJ1nnio.rda lost l,<>oo wn .

\...../ Tho l!orro-, with ito noi5hb0ring works, oountccl obcve 154 guna c.nd

ll i!:.Clrtn.ra.

b

On th.e 31st of c!'u.l.y r..nd tj:!l lat and 2nd cf J.ueuat , the SpC1.nioh

opened n honvy firo .rroro th~ ncrt!i cide upan the !,~orro nnd oont clot:n

o 70- gu..11 ahip 1nto tho ent.rc.nce und novetl her 011r.ooite tho !"orro, to

asnist in tho oa.nn~r~.

On the 2..'l.d or Aueuat , the oa-coml div~nien of trti.nsporto , r.hich

oailed 1'ron ~cm York on the SO th of .rune• c:.rriired oi'f !'c.vo.nn. Thie

fQrco, ~1th tho proviou.s nrrivnlo , m,re ortarcd to the -s-cat ei(le o:f

tll> cntrw.oo , ~mro dir1?0t o,PCrations ur,cn tho to~n tiOrCi pror,osecl .

Tb.Coo tronps incl1.&d~d 2 ,oo<l i:rovino1nls fron t;c,r York , l1e;-; J"erooy ,,.

connoot1cut r.nd. Rhotl.9 Inlr.nd. In t1:e i"iret c'_ott.ch.~nt , f'.I-ione othoro

was Iara.cl Putnt:.:l, then a Lt . Colon3l or the r.011::1eoticnt Provincit\l

R~eizlnt, mu.la in o-ther detc-..ohr"nto C..'UlY othnr ~c o.ro :round l?ho

aorvcd in tho ReTolutionet.ry Ut\r. Part (If tho second d.otl:".ch!:".cnt,

including 150 prov1ncinl.D 1 ~a.a cftl)turod by' r\ French r..r.vnl 1"orco on

tho 21st Of JYls, . As thQ Item York dntc\C~onta nrrived so lute in

--- 21 ---

(

C

v

0

f Q

tho oioge, thoir lons :rron o~O"~tien wc.o ~1. hcina but oevcn

killed end wounded, cut tho losoos by dio.oncc r.ore vo:ry J.ergo .

~ the fnll o~ tho t:orro until th~ 13th or Aucuott1 bc.ttorico

ere oatablicllod on tln west oido ot t.ho .cntranco nnd tho .fort o.t

the Plmta silenced. Pinnl.ly, on tho 13th of' Auenct the oa1litulation

o-r the o:tty nnd noet ~n CCJ"'Ced u::on ruid t!uly o1enad .

By the oll!)tttrc and dootruction or t.ho vecGOls in Hm-ann, S{lnin

s doprived o-r ,;onrly one- fifth oi' ror whola nCT,11 mille 1n prize

money the Rncl16h cmy lL"'ld m-,y noqu1rod ru1 t;,mount o'£ threo n1llionn

storlins, the ~arl of Albermrle r.nd Sir Georso PocQok cnoh receiving

nearly 123, ooo ~. While tho pror,orticm o:r cnch enlisted r'.P..n nncl

private ,me less th!m 3 g ~:,1eov.

Tho arent d:ta}ir0110rtio11 between the 1•,rize nonoy o:r tli,, aurerior

off leers ancl tho t::an in the ne,vy V.li.D a not:trce of discontent in the

m,rrl.co, and one or the crievnnooe thnt, iz1 later da..V"Bt cnueed tle

l!!utineora in tho m::poleonto wnro .

.A,r,ropoa of' this, r,n old ar..occ:oto t'!.:-..s told in tboae ti:cee of C\

aa.1lor vrho , previouo to mi cner.ocmnt s \7tl.lJ aocn by o. lieuteno.nt to

be, no ho thoueb,t, hid1ne behind t.lltt eun- "You aro tunkine, Sirt"

1SCid the officer . -No, I Gm not 0 • caid tho ne~ 1 11I m r-ra.ying. u

llPrcyiJlc, Sirt uJmt n.rc you prnyina f'or'" in1u1rocl the of:rioAr.

ll'tJhy I

R1J' f ar..id thn ooilor • •I 'n prc.yine thc'lit the en~ey• s hnlJ.oto

111 be ~a.red Oltt 11ka the prir;e nnncy,--th..'\t noet w111 eo to thei

of'i':lcera . u

Tho hnrnany ond unity oxintin3 between the lnn.."l d nwc.1 f'orcoa

r..t the niece of !1:n.vnnn cantril~ftod crcntly to tho success of tho

underte.king nn<l sets r.n e~lo not to be icnond to the prear.nt d!3Y

and to our mm ccnmt_ry and niutnr r;ervices.

Thr. Y.3rl of Albc1!'11...r2e, in hio rt',Port, ato.tod tl1...~t stsir Georce

Poco.ok nnd Co-nodore F.:CP.:..•Ol hn.vo e:xertca tho::--..aolvc·s in n t:cat ro..rt1-

cule.r !'?!.lllner, w,d I IJn3' vonttire to nn.y tl"..at thP.re never l='l\O n joint

- - e-,. ---

'--"

\._;

u

G (]

unc!.ertnk1zl.g carriod on g1 th coro ha.rnony nnd :i-AJo.l. on both nides",

whilo Vice A~rnl Pocock, "It '7111 w a.n noodloaa, a.a nln!t>ct ~o D­

sible • t"or oe to OJg>TOD3 er docoribo thnt par:&.ct mn:iony th."!.t bno

uninterruptedly subaistcd botvlfrnn thP f'lcot d aroy from otir firct

act tins out . Indood, it io do1nc lnjuatic~ t<t both to cent1cm then

ao mo corps, o1noo each han endenvorcd, with the moot constant r..nd

cheorf'u.l C!:!i11At ion, to render it but one . "

In c<tilolud1na, tm ao.cC\unt of this sioan, let ~ quoto rron tho

biogra.r·hor of oor.nodoro Kap:r,ol, who aivo that

"}iever in tbio or cny· proced1na tm.r hnd no wol.uoblet ancl iJ:!tlort­

nnt a oonquttfft boon :ichiev.od; t.ut drendful r.oro the au.1"for1nau o..nd

groat the cortslity attending it. lb'" Lord Al~lc•a of'fioiol.

return, on hi11 loavine the Hc.vc.nnrui, o~ tho cnaU!lltiea o:r tho O.J't'JY

rro:::i the 7th o:f J\m<" un t11 tm a.th of OotobOr 1 t rears thAt

560 non were killed or re.cl d1od of th~ir POundo end 4,708 hnd

perishod fro~ eicknoas.•

C O O O O O O 0

out of tm six oporo.tiono ri:cntion«c'l 1n this p~e:r. by tha

.E:nc11oh ngo.inst son Junne S""Jttinco de Cubo. nnd HnTM!l, but tt;o uero

entirely euooeaotul, no tb.E1.t c c~a.rison uj.th our cmn lnto wnr 111

Ct.1bn end Puerto Rico is not to our <11.iandv~.ntnee. :sut I trust th.nt

tb.ero are oth!tr toooh~o in mtch h1atorlcnl accounts then that of

self coneratulationo. !ho oblic;a.tiono thv.t have aricon with our

nffl7 dapeneenoioo a.re grec.tor thnn nny otrensth that o.risnn rrom thom,

and it '!a tmll to etucy tlre necessities tli..nt will e.riae for their

mn.intcnmee and dni'cnoo.

Hiotory, ne>,;:r mid CTnr, teC1..chee u.z by f'XD!"lple , no rnich in the

r.!!litnry on in polit1cnl art ~ As Prince Bi&!.!\Tk onoo tin.id in hie

-·- :;].3 ---

~ ,,. I

b

L)

0

Q Q

blunt ~, ttPoolo any tho.t yoa can onl;r Bt\Ul experionao nt your mm

eJq>onso. but I h.,; .. ve nl.~ contrived to eo,.in ey e:q,f!rionce o,t th«"

c,r;pcnnt, oi' 0th.ore. 11

To thin rftmrlt le~ D8 ndd one of n Prenoh writor that n:?cnce

is the dro&:!2 o'f tho w1s&; rmr ie tho history or man. 11

"

.-. ... - PA ---