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SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN BRYANSK IN THE ERA OF PETER THE
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3. .. . -, 2006.
-
II -
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12
grade 11 student of secondary school 41 MBOU Bryansk
Antipov Anastasia O. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN BRYANSK IN
THE ERA OF PETER THE GREAT
Years and centuries go into the past. The 20th
century has become history and the humankind has
come into the new millennium of their life on the Earth.
The events of the centuries have changed the map of
our motherland more than once, broken millions of its
citizens' fates. But we mustn't forget about the positive
events, for example, about the greatest achievements in
economy, science and culture of our country. We can
hardly comprehend these events without the previous
centuries of Russian history which our nation went
through. Of course, history remembers kings but doesn't
remember soldiers to say nothing of common people.
However I can state that without them there were
neither kings nor nations and it means there wasn't any
history at all. As a citizen of the Russian Federation I
want to know our history in all its diversity, to study its
dramatic and often tragic pages, but at the same time to
get in touch everyday work, beliefs, moral and spiritual
landmarks, home lifestyle of people who inhabited our
motherland in the past. It's difficult to understand the
history of our country without understanding the
national spirit of people living in it.
More frequently the interest in history appears when
you start learning the history of your town, village, city
or region, the "small motherland" which is close to you.
My case wasn't an exception. Once at the lesson of
History we spoke about Peter the First. Russian history
knows very different kings: stupid, cruel, wise,
generous, vindictive and brave. But nobody can be
compared with Peter the Great. The nickname Great
was Given to him by Russian people. They saw his
merits and activities directed for the good of the
country. After visiting Europe under the impression of
the things that he had seen there Peter decided to
change the so called "settled home style" in the country
and to make it similar to the new European style. Peter's
reforms were of different character. The Julian calendar
was introduced. It was also ordered to celebrate a
holiday which was called New Year's day. Many
changes were seen in Russian men appearance. The
importance of Peter's reign for our country is very
valuable.
With his help Russia became a strong empire. He
organized the best army in the world. The second North
capital was built and named St.Petersburg. The first
schools and universities were opened and the boyar's
children had a chance to study abroad. Peter the Great
founded the Academy of Sciences which was opened
within a year after his death. But what can we say about
his influence on the socio-economic development of
Bryansk?
The life style of the peasants was greatly
deteriorated. [1] For instance, Bryansk gunner
complained in the Categories order that in 1700-1701
years the salary was very low, in 1702 they didn't get
anything at all and in 1703 they got only half of it.
The events of the Northern war affected the life of
our town. More over, I must say that our people took
part at the battle under Poltava. [2]
Peter the First recognized some merits of regiments
of Starodub in the fight with Sweden and in November
1708 he gave military people some rights to have and
use occupied territories and also to have self-
government which was later situated in Klimov's
sloboda. [2]
The war with Sweden which went through the
Bryansk region was accompanied with involving of our
citizens into the building of defensive constructions.
Several thousands citizens were building the flogged
line along Desna on the North of Bryansk. Very often
peasants had been turned off their houses for several
months. That fact caused the decline of peasants' farms.
In conclusion in 1708 in the period of invasion of the
Sweden army in Bryansk there were riots in cities and
villages. Sometimes people expressed revolutionary
thoughts. [2]
Peter the Great published a ukase to organize the
regular post office line. In this ukase he mentioned that
postmen were to be sober and honest and were to do
their work in daytime and in nighttime and to carry
letters very carefully without any troubles. Also in
Bryansk the service ambulance line was organized. Its
task was to transport some state people. [3]
There were many areas in Bryansk which were
sowed with hemp. It was converted and with the help of
it people produced different goods. The hemp was sent
abroad as a rope. This manufacture became especially
profitable after Peter's ukase about the foundation of
linen and hempen trades which was subscribed by Peter
in 1715. [3]
The events on the Azov sea caused the creation of
our Russian fleet. Bryansk was chosen as a proper place
for shipbuilding. The biography of a very famous
Russian shipwright Mokey Cherkasov is closely
connected with Bryansk shipyards. In January 1724 the
ukase about building in Bryansk a big number of
different ships was published. Bryansk forests and the
Desna river played a great role in Russian history. [3]
Bryansk is a part of Russian territory, a part of our
motherland. A lot of generations of our people have
been protecting our territory and have been making it
richer. Bryansk land is famous for many outstanding
people. It played a big role in Peter's external policy.
-
II -
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13
To love motherland doesn't mean to speak about it
and to see its beauty. To love it means to serve it
faithfully and to do good things in the name of it.
The history is in each house, village, enterprise and
city. We are a binder link, the thread which we can't
break because every person is a carrier of the past and
our national character, the part of our society, the part
of our history.
The history includes not only the political but also
economical, cultural and moral experience of people.
As a wise teacher it teaches us, shows good examples,
warns and admonishes without orders. It strengthens
beliefs and educates true patriots. There is no history
without us. It is and it will be constructed with the help
of people's life, their wishes and efforts.
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