iistoria Seulamazebladstoria Seulamazeblad - …dl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/istsheul.pdf · 1 ssaqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulisaqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis

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saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulissaqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis

saxelobis qarTuli universitetisaxelobis qarTuli universiteti

istoria Seulamazebladistoria Seulamazeblad

gamomcemloba `qarTuli universiteti~gamomcemloba `qarTuli universiteti~

Tbilisi 2014Tbilisi 2014

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winamdebare krebuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposisa da biWvinTisa da cx-

um-afxazeTis mitropolitis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviTa da xe-

ldasxmiT ibeWdeba. masSi XX saukunis meore naxevrisa da XXI

saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis istoriis calkeuli epizodebia warmodgenili. zogierTi

masala pirvelad qveyndeba da amdenad, saintereso iqneba mkiTxvel-

isaTvis.

krebulSi dabeWdili masalebis avtorebi arian: akademikosi roin roin

metrevelimetreveli, profesori sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe, mamuka giorgaZe, mamuka giorgaZe, profe-

sori vaxtang gurulivaxtang guruli, profesori goCagoCa saiTiZesaiTiZe, profesori jaba jaba

samuSiasamuSia, profesori vaxtang sarTaniavaxtang sarTania.

krebuli gankuTvnilia mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis.

krebuli Seadgines profesorma vaxtang gurulma vaxtang gurulma da

istoriis doqtorma levan jiqiamlevan jiqiam

redaqtorebi: akademikosi roin metreveli,roin metreveli,

profesori sergo vardosaniZe sergo vardosaniZe

ISBN 978-9941-9382-5-2

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winasityvawinasityva

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sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe

saqarTvelos eklesia XX saukunissaqarTvelos eklesia XX saukunis

50-70-ian wlebSi50-70-ian wlebSi

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia 116-wliani

monobisagan ganTavisuflda 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts da Seudga

iZulebiT Sewyvetili istoriuli misiis Sesrulebas. uwmides-

ma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma

kirion II-m Tavisi rogorc eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis misia ase

Camoayaliba: `ganmtkiceba axladaRdgenili eklesiisa mis istori-

ul uflebaTa farglebSi... ganTavisuflebuli eklesia kvlav unda

daubrundes eris mTlian gvams, raTa viyvneT yovelni erni erT

gvam da erTiorad viRvwodeT saerTo warmatebisaTvis... eklesia

mudam edga darajad qarTveli eris mTlianobasa da damoukide-

blobas; es iyo erTgvari droSa, romlis qveS Rvioda naperwkali

qarTvelTa solidarobis ideisa, eklesiam xeli unda Seuwyos

Cvens ganmtkiceba-gaerTianebas, raTa kacobriobis ferxulSi vi po-

voT Sesaferisi da damsaxurebuli adgili~.

XX saukunis 20-50-iani wlebis saqarTvelos samociqulo ekle-

siis istoria iyo umagaliTo devna-Seviwroebisa da misi Svilebis

msxverplad Sewirvis istoria. bolSevikurma totalitarulma

sistemam administraciuli wesiT daxura an daangria 1000-ze meti

eklesia-monasteri, iZulebiT ganmosa an daatusaRa 1200-ze meti

sasuliero piri, sabWoTa sistemis Ralatis braldebiT daapatimra

sakaTolikoso sabWos mTeli Semadgenloba kaTolikos-patriarq am-

brosis meTaurobiT, daxvrita 100-ze meti sasuliero piri, maT So-

ris _ ori mRvdelmTavari (nazari leJava, varlam maxaraZe). religia

da sasuliero pirebi mSromelTa mtrebad gamocxaddnen. 1939-1940

wlebSi saxelmwifos mier dawesebuli gadasaxadebis gadauxdelobis

sababiT administraciuli wesiT daxurvis safrTxe daemuqra sionisa

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da sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZrebs. Seqmnili viTarebiT SeZr-

wunebulma kaTolikos-patriarqma uwmidesma kalistratem sagangebo

weriliT mimarTa saqarTvelos mTavrobas, mmarTveli partiis cen-

traluri komitetis pirvel mdivans kandid Carkvians. `daxurul

eklesiaTa Soris _ werda misi uwmidesoba _ aris msoflioSi

saxelganTqmuli mcxeTis `sveticxoveli~, romelic cnobilia ara

marto imiT, rom iSviaTi istoriuli Zeglia, aramed umTavresad

imiT, rom is aris qarTveli eris akvani da embazi. Cveni xalxisa da

eklesiis uryevi tradiciiT saqarTvelos eklesiis mamamTavris, kaTa-

likos-patriarqis kurTxeva ueWvelad unda moxdes sveticxovelSi.

amitom xsenebuli taZris aramoqmed eklesiad gadaqceva pirdapiri

nabijia aTeulsaukunovani eklesiis damoukideblobis gauqmebisaken~.

aseT rTul viTarebaSi uxdebodaT moRvaweoba saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis saWeTmpyroblebs _ uwmidessa da unetaress

ambrosis, qristefores, kalistrates. eklesiisadmi xelisuflebis

damokidebuleba Seicvala meore msoflio omis periodSi. 1943 wlis

31 oqtombers ruseTis eklesiam oficialurad aRiara saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia, gaixsna ad-

ministraciuli wesiT daxuruli eklesiebi, magram mosaxleobis um-

ravlesoba daSorda marTlmadidebel sarwmunoebas, Tumca iyo gam-

onaklisebic... aseTebi iyvnen momavali patriarqis mSoblebi giorgi

simonis Ze SiolaSvili da natalia iosebis asuli kobaiZe, romlebic

1927 wels droebiT sacxovreblad yazbegis raionis sofel snodan

vladikavkazSi gadavidnen.

1933 wlis 4 ianvars ojaxs axali wevri Seemata, daibada vaJi,

romelsac mamam mefe erekle II-is pativsacemad irakli daarqva. im

dros vladikavkazSi jer kidev iyo wmida ninos saxelobis qarTuli

eklesia, romelic sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis iu-

risdiqciaSi Sedioda. taZris winamZRvari, arqimandriti tarasi kan-

delaki, kaTolikos-patriarq kirion II-is yofili mdivani, gaWirvebiT,

magram mainc axerxebda eklesiis dacvas rogorc adgilobrivi saero,

aseve sasuliero xelisuflebis Semotevebisagan.

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patara irakli monaTles wmida ninos saxelobis qarTul ekle-

siaSi. misi naTlia _ monazoni zoile dvaliSvili _ didi xnis

ganmavlobaSi mcxeTis dedaTa monastris winamZRvari iyo. naTlias

naTluli xSirad Camohyavda mcxeTaSi. erTxel, sveticxovlobaze, man

ymawvili irakli uwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarq kalistratesTan miiyvana da daalocvina. moma-

vali patriarqis mravalricxovani ojaxi (deda, mama, Zmebi: Teimurazi,

SoTa, viqtori, da – nino) yoveldRe loculobda. àr maxsovs Cemi

Tavi uflisadmi rwmenisa da siyvarulis gareSe... TviT Cemi ojaxi

iyo morwmune da mSoblebi bavSvobidanve gvinergavdnen RvTis siy-

varuls. saxlSi mudam gvqonda xatebi, aucileblad enTo kandeli,

yovel SabaT-kviras eklesiaSi davdiodiT,“ _ixsenebs misi uwmidesoba.

giorgi SiolaSvilis ojaxi mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli de-

dasamSoblosTan, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq kalis-

trate cincaZesTan. es urTierToba kidev ufro gamyarda 1938 wlis

24 Tebervlis Semdeg, rodesac gauqmda vladikavkazis wmida ninos

saxelobis qarTuli eklesia da daiwyo morwmune qarTvelobis dev-

na-Seviwroeba. `Cemi bavSvoba, – aRniSnavs misi uwmidesoba, – daemTx-

va saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis metad mZime periods. samRvdeloeba

idevneboda, eklesiebi ixureboda. xalxs wirva-locvaze daswrebisa

eSinoda. Cvens saxls xSirad afarebdnen Tavs devnili sasuliero

pirebi, TveobiT rCebodnen isini CvenTan da waruSlel kvals tovebd-

nen piradad Cems azrovnebasa da bunebaze~.

giorgi SiolaSvilis ojaxTan megobrobdnen mahmadiani qistebic.

rogorc uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II aRniSnavs, xSirad isini maTi

saxlis stumrebisTvis gamoyofil oTaxSic loculobdnen TavianTi

wesis mixedviT, Semdeg ki stumrebi da maspinZlebi sadilze erTad

ikribebodnen. giorgi da natalia SiolaSvilebis RvawliT, 1947

wels vladikavkazSi aSenda yovladwmida RvTismSoblis safarvelis

saxelobis eklesia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivSi daculia ma-

salebi, romlebic adasturebs am faqts.

1952 wels, uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates gardacvalebis

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gamo, vladikavkazidan Camovida qarTvelTa saTvistomos delegacia,

romelsac giorgi SiolaSvili xelmZRvanelobda.

patara irakli zafxuls ZiriTadad snoSi, sagvareulo saxlSi,

atarebda, ufrosebisgan ismenda xalxur Tqmulebebs, dadioda sno-

sa da Trusos xeobebSi, aTvalierebda mravalricxovan cixe-koSkebs,

eklesia-monastrebs... igi 1941 wlis seqtemberSi q. orjonikiZis

22-e saSualo skolis pirveli klasis moswavle gaxda. ojaxuri

tradiciidan gamomdinare, patara irakli did dros uTmobda wir-

va-locvebs, Tumca es xels ar uSlida kargad eswavla saskolo

sagnebi. gansakuTrebiT itacebda istoria, geografia, ucxo ena.

1941 wlis 22 ivniss faSisturi germania Tavs daesxa sabWo-

Ta kavSirs. germanelTa jarebma pirvel TveebSi moaxerxes sabWoTa

kavSiris siRrmeSi SemoWra. 1941 wlis Semodgomaze isini miadgnen

moskovs, safrTxe Seeqmna kavkasias. vladikavkazi frontispira qa-

laqad iqca. Ggiorgi SiolaSvilma ojaxi Seqmnil safrTxes ganari-

da da mSobliur snoSi Camoiyvana. omis damTavrebis Semdeg irakli

SiolaSvilma swavla ganagrZo vladikavkazis 22-e skolaSi, rome-

lic daamTavra 1952 wels. imave wlis ivnisSi irakli giorgis Ze

SiolaSvilis saxelze Zaujikaus (orjonikiZe – vladikavkazi) 22-e

skolam gasca atestati # 946415. axalgazrda iraklim gadawyvi-

ta, swavla gaegrZelebina moskovis sasuliero seminariaSi, sadac

RvTismetyvelebis SeswavlisaTvis saukeTeso pirobebi iyo _ gamor-

Ceuli pedagogebi, mdidari biblioTeka, seminariis zomierad mkacri

Sinaganawesi. uwmidesi da unetaresi siyvaruliTa da madlierebiT

ixsenebs Tavis pedagogebs, romelnic gamoirCeodnen saocari pasux-

ismgeblobiTa da siyvaruliT studentebis mimarT.

1956-1960 wlebSi irakli SiolaSvili zagorskis sasuliero

akademiis studentia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivSi daculi do-

kumentebi srul warmodgenas gviqmnis irakli SiolaSvilis moskovis

sasuliero seminariasa da akademiaSi swavlis periodze. I kursis

niSnebis furceli, romelic Sevsebulia 1953 wlis 11 maiss, gvamc-

nobs, rom irakli SiolaSvils yvela saganSi aqvs ̀ friadi~, II kursze

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mxolod berZnulSi aqvs `4“, III kursze igi kvlav friadosania.

irakli SiolaSvilma I kursze swavlis dros sakonkursod warad-

gina Txzuleba, romelmac pirveli adgili daimsaxura. gamarjvebuli

dajildovda 50 maneTiT mitropolit filaretis fondidan, xolo

trocki-sergeevis lavram mas 30 maneTi gadasca. sapatriarqo arqi-

vSi daculia misi CaTvlis wignaki (niSnebis furclebi), romelsac

xels aweren akademiis inspeqtori v. sariCevi da mdivani n. muravio-

vi. akademiis kursdamTavrebul mRvdel-monazon ilias yvela saganSi

friadi aqvs.

akademiaSi swavlis pirvelsave wels irakli SiolaSvilma miiRo

gadawyvetileba, uari eTqva saero cxovrebaze da berad aRkveciliyo.

1957 wlis 16 aprils Tbilisis aleqsandre nevelis saxelobis ekle-

siaSi, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, melqisedek III-is locva-kurTxeviT

episkoposma zinobma irakli SiolaSvili berad aRkveca da saxelad

uwoda ilia. rodesac meufe zinobma beradaRkvecili ilia sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, uwmidessa da unetares melqi-

sedek III-s warudgina, gaxarebulma patriarqma am sityvebiT mimarTa

mas: aTi SenisTana rom myavdes, saqarTvelos eklesias aRaraferi

gauWirdebao. 18 aprils sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi sruliad saqa-

rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma melqisedek

III-m xeli daasxa mas ierodiakvnad. 1959 wlis 10 maiss uwmidesisa

da unetaresis, melqisedek III-is werilobiTi nebarTviT ruseTis

patriarqma aleqsi I-ma zagorskis wmida sergis savanis satrapezoSi

ierodiakoni ilia mRvdel-monazvnad akurTxa.

sasuliero akademiaSi swavlis dros irakli SiolaSvils kidev

ufro gaumZafrda dedaeklesiisa da samSoblos siyvaruli. amis

dasturia misi werili sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq-

is, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, melqisedek III-sadmi. werili imdenad

mniSvnelovania, rom saWirod mimaCnia misi srulad warmodgena: ̀ Tqve-

no uwmidesobav, gvakurTxeT... aq, Cvens wreSi, vrceldeba xmebi imis

Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia TiTqos dasasruls

uaxlovdeba, radgan: 1) mTeli rigi eparqiebi umoqmedod, mRvdelm-

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Tavris gareSea da arc arsebobs saTanado kadri; 2) RvTismsaxure-

bis dros eklesiebSi morwmuneTa daswreba erTob mcirea; 3) saqa-

rTvelos marTlmadidebel avtokefaliur eklesias ar aqvs seminaria,

gamomcemloba, saeklesio muzeumi, wignsacavi, biblioTeka.

laparakia imis Sesaxeb, rom cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi ar iqneba

daSvebuli axlad xeldasxmuli qarTveli mRvdelmTavari (saubaria

episkopos leonide Jvaniaze _ da rom mRvdelmTavarTa Soris arian

iseTebic, romlebic araqarTvelTa Sorisac ki avrceleben ubadruk

azrs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis epar-

qiebis gamsxvilebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.

zemoTmoyvanili ZiriTadi problemebis irgvliv Tqven mier miRe-

buli zomebi, saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis TavmjdomaresTan Sex-

vedris CaTvliT, CvenTvis cnobilia, magram zogierTi mware sinamdvi-

lis gamo vaZlevT Tavs nebas, rom Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT Semdeg

garemoebas: sabWoTa mTavrobis saTanado dadgenilebis safuZvelze,

ruseTis, ukrainis, somxeTis, sxva mokavSire respublikebSi arsebobs

sasuliero seminaria-akademiebi, xdeba RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro

literaturis gamocema, xatebis gamravleba, eklesia-monastrebis aR-

dgena-ganaxleba. saqarTvelos eklesias Tu upiratesoba ara aqvs,

gamonakliss mainc ar warmoadgens, mxolod saWiroa am iuridiuli

uflebis adgilobrivi mTavrobis meSveobiT gamoyeneba. saqarTvelos

ssr xelisufalT, arsebuli wesis dacviT, materialuri SesaZleblo-

bis farglebSi, waredginos werilobiTi saxis ganacxadi saqarTve-

los avtokefaliuri samociqulo eklesiis sasicocxlo sakiTxebis

Sesaxeb da energiulad iqnas moTxovnili pirvel rigSi, seminariis

(ara kursebis) gaxsnis, saWiro literaturis gamocemis, saeklesio

muzeumis, wignsacavis daarsebis, gelaTis, wilknis, nikorwmindis, ya-

zbegis, ananuris, goris eklesiebSi RvTismsaxurebis uflebis aRd-

gena-ganaxlebis Sesaxeb... saqarTvelos eklesiis da misi meTauris

mtersa da orguls Cvens pirad mtrad vTvliT, magram ganuxorciele-

beli gandidebis survilis gamo ganawyenebulni, patriarqis Sorsm-

Wvreteli gonebis TvaliT da keTili nebiT, SeiZleba Cayenebul iqnan

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saqarTvelos eklesiis sakeTildReo saqmianobaSi.

qarTveli eris siamaye, siwminde da dideba `sveticxoveli“ ara

marto Cveni xalxis, aramed ucxoelTa yuradRebasac imsaxurebs da

amis gamo mis wmida midamoebSi Tqveni locva-kurTxeviT saeklesio

muzeumwignsacavis gaxsna yovelmxriv gamarTlebuli iqneboda. Tqveni

mowodebiT, mosaxleobaSi gabneuli istoriuli Tu siZveleTa dacvis

TvalsazrisiT bevri didmniSvnelovani saeklesio daniSnulebis niv-

Ti, wigni, wmida xatebi, jvari da sxva aRmoCndeboda eklesiis sa-

kuTrebaSi, e.i. daculi iqneboda SesaZlebeli ganadgurebisagan. mzad

varT am didi saqmisaTvis gaviRoT piradi biblioTekac. saaRdgomo

ardadegebisaTvis SesaZloa veaxloT Tqvens uwmidesobas da Tqveni

miTiTebiTa da locva-kurTxeviT, arsebuli wesis dacviT, sadResas-

waulo qadagebebiT mivmarToT morwmune sazogadoebas. Rrma pativ-

iscemiT geamborebiT da gamoviTxov Tqvens wmida locva-kurTxevas.

i. SiolaSvili, zagorski, 1957 wlis 12 Tebervali“.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis umZimesi

mdgomareoba mosvenebas ukargavda axalgazrda students da aseTi

Tamami, magram samarTliani gancxadebiT mimarTavda igi uwmidessa da

unetaress melqisedek III-s. zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi swavlis

dros mRvdel-monazonma iliam sakvalifikacio Temad airCia àTonis

iverTa monastris istoria“. rusulenovani masalebis moZiebisa da

damuSavebis Semdeg igi Sexvda zagorskis akademiis reqtors dekanoz

k. ruJikcis da sTxova, mieca nebarTva, ramdenime TviT wamosuli-

yo saqarTveloSi qarTulenovani literaturis srulad Seswavlis

mizniT. 1959 wlis 4 ivnisiTaa daTariRebuli reqtor k. ruJickis

momarTva saqarTvelos erovnuli biblioTekis, centraluri arqi-

vis, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis xelmZRvanelobis saxel-

ze, raTa TavianTi dawesebulebebis biblioTekebSi, wignsacavebsa da

xelnawerTa ganyofilebaSi samuSaod daeSvaT sasuliero akademiis

IV kursis studenti mRvdel-monazoni ilia (irakli giorgis Ze

SiolaSvili). man ramdenime Tve imuSava Tbilisis biblioTekebSi,

qarTveli mecnierebisagan miiRo rCevebi.

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1960 wlis ivnisSi zagorskis akademiaSi Sedga mRvdel-monazon

ilias sakvalifikacio naSromis sajaro dacva. oficialurma opo-

nentebma _ profesorebma n. muraviovma da a. georgievskim _ maRali

Sefaseba misces warmodgenil naSroms. moskovis zagorskis sasulie-

ro akademiis reqtorma

sagangebo weriliT mimarTa moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis pa-

triarqs uwmides aleqsi I-s, raTa saukeTeso naSromisaTvis daejil-

doebina RvTismetyvelebis kandidati, mRvdel-monazoni ilia. saqa-

rTvelos sapatriarqo arqivSi daculia zagorskis akademiis mier

mRvdel-monazon ilia SiolaSvilis saxelze gacemuli warCinebis

diplomi, romelsac xels aweren: akademiis reqtori, dekanozi k. ru-

Jicki, inspeqtori, arqimandriti pitirimi, mdivani a. ostapovi.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II avtobiografiaSi aRniSnavs: `sa-

suliero akademiis samecniero sabWom daadgina, me vyofiliyavi da-

tovebuli akademiaSi profesorTa stipendiatad, magram Cemi eris

siyvarulma mimatovebina es yvelaferi da momiyvana saqarTveloSi“.

igi eaxla uwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqs efrem II-s da aseTi gancxadebiT mimarTa: `Tqveno

uwmidesobav! gacnobebT, rom 1960 wels davamTavre moskovis sasu-

liero akademia. gTxovT, momceT samsaxuri, gamgzavnoT iq, sadac Tqven

scnobT saWirod.“ uwmidesma da unetaresma efrem II-m mRvdel-mona-

zoni ilia baTumis sakaTedro taZris mRvdelmsaxurad daniSna.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is mier Sedgenil avtobi-

ografiaSi vkiTxulobT: `1960 wlis 19 dekembers uwmidesisa da

unetaresi efrem II-is mier aRyvanil viyavi iRumenis xarisxSi,

1961 wlis 16 seqtembers _ arqimandritis pativSi“ 1963 wlis 23

agvistos sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmide-

sisa da unetaresis _ efrem II-is TavmjdomareobiT Sedga saqa-

rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis

sxdoma, romelmac baTumis wmida nikolozis sakaTedro taZris

winamZRvris moadgile, arqimandriti ilia, gamoarCia Semoqmedel

episkoposad. axali episkoposis xeldasxma Sesrulda kviras, 25

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agvistos, sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. arqimandrit ilias

episkoposad kurTxevas eswrebodnen: sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi efrem II, urbneli mit-

ropoliti daviTi (devdariani), quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoli-

ti naomi (SavianiZe), cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi leonide (Jvania),

stefanavaneli episkoposi zinobi (maJuga).

mravalmxriv sayuradReboa sityva, romelic arqimandritma iliam

Semoqmedel episkoposad kurTxevis Jams warmoTqva: ̀ Tqveno uwmideso-

bav! Tqveno maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobav, Tqveno yovladusamRvde-

loesobav, RvTivgangrZnobilno mwyemsmTavarno da moZRvarno! nebiTa

RmrTisaTa da brZanebiTa Tqvenisa uwmidesobis da unetaresobis

kaTolikosisTanai samRvdelo sinodis saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesiisa, mowodebul var mRvdelmTavrobis madlis misaRebad

samsaxurisaTvis. CemTvis friad Znelia, gamovTqva Sinagani sulieri

gancdani da mRelvarebani, romliTac var axla garemoculi, am CemT-

vis metad saRmrTo da saidumlo Jams. vgrZnob SiSsa da Zrwolas,

magram, amave dros, sulier sixaruls da imeds, SiSsa da Zrwolas

ganvicdi, radgan ar vgrZnob Tavs saamisod momzadebulad. ukeTu xan-

Si Sesuli xvavbaraqiani didi pavle mociquli ityvis: `viqadi mxo-

lod uZlurebiTa CemiTao“. me arRara meTqmis am siWabukis wlebSi,

romel welTa simcires ar moucia CemTvis saamiso gamocdileba, ma-

gram mZime gancdebis dros manugeSebs da mamxnevebs is madli RvTisa,

romelic unda gardamovides Cems uZlurebas zeda Tqveni saRmrTo

marjvenis xeldasxmiT. me mwams, rom is, romelic aris dasabami da

dasasruli yovlisa arsisa, is, romelic gardamoxda zeciT dace-

muli kacis aRsadgenad, SemaZlebinebs keTilad warvmarTo es didi

samsaxuri. Tu TaviT TvisiT kacs ver ZaluZs miRebad am pativisa,

mieniWeba mxolod RvTis mier mowodebuls (ebraelTa 5,4)... RmerTi

Seeweva da gauwevs mfarvelobas im kacs, romelic Rrmad morwmunea

da guli gamTbari aqvs RvTisa da kacis siyvaruliT. RmerTi mian-

iWebs sibrZnes da gulisxmayofasa mas, romelsac aqvs SiSi RvTisa.

amisTana kaczed ityvis brZeni solomoni: `dasabami sibrZnisa SiSi

14

RvTisa ars“, xolo mRvdelmTavars mudam sWirdeba sibrZne RvTiuri,

gonebiT iyves brZeni da maRali, xolo cxovrebiT _ ubralo da

mdabali. iyves erTguli daraji qristes eklesiisa, iyves Semosili

ubiwo cxovrebiT, viTarca brZanebs mociquli pavle. sityvisamebr

brZeni solomonisa, `romelic vals ubiwod, igi vals uSiSrad“. vxe-

dav ra yovelive amaSi Seuryevels nebas RvTisa, Tavmdablad movixri

suliersa da xorciels qedsa Cemsa Tqvens winaSe.

mamamTavarTa mamamTavaro! wmida yovladsamRvdelono da mamano

da esreT vqadageb: gmadlobT, morCil var brZanebisa Tqvenisa da ar-

aras mciresa winaaRmdgomsa vityvi. gevedrebiT, Tqveno uwmidesobav da

yovladsamRvdelono, odes damdebT cxovelmyofeli sulis momniWe-

belTa xelTa TqvenTa, mrCobil aRvavlendeT winaSe RvTisa locvaTa

TqvenTa, raTa gardamosulman sulman wmidaman aRavsos yovelive nak-

lovanebani Cemni, raTa viqmne saxed morwmuneTa sityviT svliT, siy-

varuliT, siwmidiT, raTa Jams meored mosvlisasa mokrZalebiT garna

kadnierebiT warvsdge winaSe marTalsa msajulisa gancxadebad: àha

esera, me da yrmani, romelni momcna me RmerTman“ (ebraelTa 2.13). amin“.

episkoposi ilia dainiSna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos–

patriarqis qorepiskoposad. masve daevala 1963 wlidan mcxeTis

samoZRvro kursebis xelmZRvaneloba. axalgazrda mRvdelmTavari

energiulad Seudga mcxeTis samoZRvro kursebis sasuliero semi-

nariad gadakeTebisaTvis niadagis momzadebas. akademiaSi miRebulma

farTo ganaTlebam mas saSualeba misca, maRal doneze daeyenebina ro-

gorc disciplina, aseve saswavlo procesi. Semoqmedelma episkoposma

da saswavleblis direqtorma seminariaSi samuSaod miiwvia cnobili

mecnierebi, Seadgines saswavlo programebi, saleqcio konspeqtebi,

sistematurad tardeboda pedsabWos sxdomebi. igi saswavlebelSi

momxdar mniSvnelovan RonisZiebebs uTanxmebda uwmidessa da une-

taress efrem II-s. `Tqveno uwmidesobav, gvakurTxeT, zeg saSobaoT

studentebs vuSvebT ardadegebze. xval, 12 saaTze, vfiqrob pedsabWos

mowvevas. CvenTvis metad sasiamovno da sasargeblo iqneba, Tu Camo-

brZandebiT da daeswrebiT. episkoposi ilia“.

15

uwmidesi efrem II pedsabWos yvela sxdomas eswreboda. mcxeTis

sasuliero seminaria Semoqmedeli episkoposis, ilias Tavdadebuli

SromiT Rirseul saswavleblad iqca. man moaxerxa saswavleblis

winaSe arsebuli uamravi problemis gadalaxva. mcxeTis sasuliero

seminariis avtoritetze metyvelebda is faqti, rom aqaur kursdam-

Tavrebulebs ugamocdod iRebdnen zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi.

meufe ilia, SemdegSi uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II, yovelTvis pa-

tiviscemiT ixsenebda zagorskis akademias, akademia ki amayobda Tavisi

kursdamTavrebuliT. 1978 wlis 16 Tebervals zagorskis sasuliero

akademiis samecniero sabWom igi Tavis sapatio wevrad airCia. patri-

arqi moskovSi vizitisas yovelTvis stumrobs zagorskis akademias.

1963–1967 wlebSi meufe ilia moRvaweobda Semoqmedis epar-

qiaSi, xolo 1967 wlis 1 seqtembridan sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresi efrem II-is loc-

va-kurTxeviT, episkoposi ilia gadayvanil iqna cxumafxazeTis

eparqiis mmarTvelad.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi cxum-afx-

azeTis eparqia erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli eparqia iyo. XIX saukuneSi,

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis

gauqmebis Semdeg, ruseTis saimperatoro xelisufleba gansakuTre-

bul mniSvnelobas aniWebda cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi ruseTis ekle-

siuri interesebis ganmtkicebas. daiwyo eparqiidan qarTveli sasu-

liero pirebis gamoZeveba da maTi rusebiT Canacvlebis procesi.

XX saukunis dasawyisSi, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis gaaqtiurebis fonze,

ruseTis xelisuflebam scada soxumis eparqiis saqarTvelos saeg-

zarqosodan gamoyofa, magram afxazeTis qarTvelobis winaaRmdegobis

gamo es ver moaxerxa. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis

rusulma samrevloebma, ruseTis eklesiis xelSewyobiT, uari ga-

nacxades, damorCilebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samoci-

qulo eklesiis iurisdiqcias, saqarTvelos kaTolikos–patriarqis

16

mier daniSnul cxum-afxazeTis qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebs. viTareba

kidev ufro garTulda XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi, rodesac

adgilobrivi separatistuli tendenciebis matarebeli partiuli

xelmZRvaneloba, qveyanaSi arsebuli saerTo antireligiuri brZo-

lis fonze, kidev ufro aviwroebda qarTvel sasuliero pirebs,

eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebs. 1937 wels daapatimres da gadaasaxles

cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti varlam maxaraZe (igi 1944 wels ga-

dasaxlebaSi gardaicvala). viTareba SedarebiT gamosworda 1943

wlis Semdeg, rodesac ruseTis eklesiam oficialurad aRiara saqa-

rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis teritoriuli

avtokefalia. cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis rusulenovani samRvdeloeba

iZulebuli gaxda, Serigeboda Seqmnil viTarebas.

1938-1952 wlebSi cxum-afxazeTis eparqias ganagebda mitro-

politi antoni (gigineiSvili), 1957–1964 wlebSi ki

episkoposi leonide (Jvania). am dros eparqiaSi moqmedi iyo 7

eklesia: soxumis wmida nikolozis, Tavisuflebis, sasaflaos eklesia,

iloris wmida giorgis, lixnis, uspenskis, gagris samlocvelo saxli.

RvTismsaxurTa umravlesoba araqarTveli iyo. wirva-locva rusul

enaze sruldeboda. mdgomareoba arc 1965–1967 wlebSi Secvlila,

rodesac eparqias mitropoliti romanozi (petriaSvili) ganageb-

da. aseTi eparqia Caibara 1967 wels episkoposma iliam. afxazeTis

avtonomiuri respublikis religiis saqmeTa rwmunebuli iyo gaafx-

azebuli qarTveli a. lagvilava, romelic yvelanairad aviwroebda

sasuliero pirebs, morwmune mrevls. erT-erT saidumlo werilSi,

romelic man sabWoTa kavSiris religiis saqmeTa komitetis Tavmj-

domaris saxelze gagzavna, igi werda, rom aucilebeli iyo sofel ka-

manSi meRoreobis an mefrinveleobis fermis aSeneba. àmiT dakavdeba

is farTobi, romelsac wminda adgilad cnoben da, amave dros, adgili

aRar eqneba morwmuneTa masobriv Sesvlas wyalSi gansakurneblad“, _

atyobinebda igi komisiis Tavmjdomares.

cxum-afxazeTis episkoposma iliam moaxerxa mrevlis Semokreba.

Tu mis mRvdelmTavrobamde mxolod 2 qarTveli sasuliero piri

17

moRvaweobda eparqiaSi, 1975 wels isini ukve Tormetni gaxdnen. es

iyo meufe ilias Sors gamiznuli politika, aseT viTarebaSi afxazi

separatistebi ver moaxerxebdnen cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi Tavisi

miznebis ganxorcielebas.

1969 wlis 17 maiss uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad saqa-

rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma efrem II-m episkoposi ilia mit-

ropolitis xarisxSi aiyvana. 1972 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis

winaSe didi damsaxurebisaTvis man miiRo meore panaRiis tarebis

ufleba, xolo 1975 wels _ skufiaze briliantis jvris tarebis

ufleba. mitropoliti ilia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-

ciqulo eklesiis saxed iqca.

samwuxarod, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesia-

Si iyvnen adamianebi, romelnic yvelanairad cdilobdnen mitropolit

iliasaTvis xelis SeSlas. 1972 wlis 26 maiss igi iZulebuli gax-

da, piradi gancxadebis safuZvelze, daetovebina mcxeTis sasuliero

seminariis reqtoris Tanamdeboba. Mmitropoliti ilia gulaxdilad

werda reqtorobidan wasvlis mizezebze. `rogorc mogexsenebaT, –

mimarTavda mitropoliti ilia wmida sinods, – 1963 wlidan misi

uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqis efrem II-is didi SromiTa da mecadineobiT, mcxeTaSi gaix-

sna sasuliero seminaria, romlis xelmZRvanelad viyavi daniSnuli.

es iyo axali didi saqme, romelsac sWirdeboda didi energia da

gamocdileba. arc me da arc maswavleblebi ar viSurebdiT Zalas

seminariis gaZlierebisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis. am wlebis ganmavloba-

Si Cven SevxvdiT bevr winaaRmdegobasa da siZneles. miuxedavad amisa,

Cven SevZeliT saswavlebeli myar niadagze dagveyenebina. ar uarvyof

imas, rom seminariis kursdamTavrebulTagan yvelam ver gaamarTla

Cveni imedebi da ver gamoiCina moZRvris maRali Tvisebebi... miuxe-

davad zogierTi arasasurveli faqtisa, Cven vxedavT, rom kursdam-

TavrebulTa umetesi nawili Tavdadebulad emsaxureba saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis taZrebs. gulistkiviliT

unda mogaxsenoT, rom am cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi, daxmarebis na-

18

cvlad mesmoda mxolod kritika“.damafiqrebeli iyo yovelive es.

viTareba kidev ufro garTulda 1976–1977 wlebSi. am dros

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sino-

dis wevrebi iyvnen: TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi (maJuga),

cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia (SiolaSvili), baTum-Semoqmede-

li mitropoliti romanozi (petriaSvili), wilkneli mitropoliti

gaiozi (keratiSvili), mangleli episkoposi giorgi (RonRaZe), ala-

verdeli episkoposi grigoli (cercvaZe), bodbeli episkoposi ilar-

ioni (samxaraZe). ierarqiulobis mixedviT, qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa

Soris upiratesi iyo cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia, romelic

iTvleboda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred,

magram 1977 wlis 10 seqtembers mitropolit ilias sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresi da-

viT V-is mdivanma g. mSvidobaZem aseTi Sinaarsis werili gaugzavna:

`mis maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobas, mitropolit ilias. gacnobebT,

rom kaTolikos-patriarqis, daviT V-is brZanebiT, mis maRalyovla-

dusamRvdeloesobas, mitropolit romanozs, mieca pirveli adgili

mitropolitTa Soris~.

19

roin metreveliroin metreveli

aRsaydrebaaRsaydreba

1977 wlis 25 dekemberi... kaTolikuri Sobis dRe; astrono-

miulad es aris dRe, roca sinaTle amarcxebs sibneles (es metad

simboluria!) ... naTeli imarjvebs bnelze! swored am dRes sruli-

ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis wmida taxtze uwmidesi da

unetaresi ilia meore (irakli giorgis Ze SiolaSvili) aRsaydrda.

igi am dros 44 wlis iyo.

kaTolikos-patriarqamde ilia II-m grZeli da rTuli, amave dros

mZime gza gaiara...

ilia II xevSi gamoCinebuli Siola RuduSauris STamomaval-

ia; im Siolasi, romelmac safuZveli daudo SiolaSvilebis gvars.

gadmocemiT, Siola RuduSaurs snos cixe ekuTvnoda. sofeli sno

SiolaSvil-RuduSaurebis fuZe-adgilia.

ilia SiolaSvilis mSoblebi q. vladikavkazSi dasaxlebulan.

Aaq maT tradiciuli qarTuli ojaxi SeuqmniaT. ilias mama – gior-

gi maRali ganaTlebis, brZeni, amasTan, RvTismosavi adamiani yofila.

Ddeda _ natalia kobaiZe saTnoebiTa da sikeTiT gamorCeuli iyo.

col-qmrisaTvis RvTis siyvaruli, RvTismoSiSoba ojaxis saqmianobis

safaneli iyo.

ilia II mSoblebisagan eziara qristianuli moZRvrebis anbans.

Mmomavali patriarqi, romelic 1933 wlis 4 ianvars q. vladikavkazSi

daibada, qarTul eklesiaSi monaTles da qarTl-kaxeTis saxelovani

mefis, erekle II-is pativiscemis niSnad irakli daarqves. saSualo

skolis damTavrebis Semdeg, 1952 wels moskovis sasuliero aka-

demiaSi Cairicxa. SiolaSvilebis ojaxidan wamoyolilma Zalam da

RvTis usazRvro siyvarulma, maRalma qristianulma zneobam miiyvana

momavali patriarqis arCevani sasuliero saswavleblamde. SemTx-

20

veviTi ar aris, rom patriarqi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs

wmida sergi rodoneJelis lavras.

ilia SiolaSvilma, sasuliero akademiis meore kursis stu-

dentma miiRo gadawyvetileba, aRkveciliyo bermonazvnad. 1957 wlis

16 aprils, 24 wlis irakli SiolaSvili sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis, melqisedek III-is locva-kurTxeviT, TbilisSi,

wmida aleqsandre nevelis taZarSi mitropolitma zinobma(maJuga)

berad aRkveca. Ees iyo vnebis Svideulis samSabaTs. did xuTSabaTs

ki patriarqma sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi diakvnad akurTxa. ilia

II xatovnad gadmogvcems Tavis ganwyobas diakvnad kurTxevis Semdeg:

,,saocari madli gadmovida Cemze _ aRniSnavs ilia II _ me TiTqmis

veravis vxedavdi da TiTqos davfrinavdi, TiTqos frTebi Semesxa

da miwaze ar viyavi. iseTi sixaruli da bedniereba dameufla, rom

sionis taZridan ar mindoda gasvla...~ diakvnad xeldasxmuli ilia

SiolaSvili moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma aleqsi I-ma

wmida sergi rodoneJelis lavraSi mRvdel-monazvnad akurTxa da

oqros samkerde jvriT daajildova.

1960 wels ilia SiolaSvilma sasuliero akademia daasrula

da RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis xarisxi miiRo. igi, miuxedavad sx-

vadasxva momxiblavi SemoTavazebisa, ar darCa ruseTSi da saqarT-

velosken gamoeSura. saqarTveloSi am dros sulierebis krizisi

iyo. qarTul sulierebas aRorZineba sWirdeboda. iliamac Tavis

daniSnulebad qarTveli eris samsaxuri miiCnia.

iliabaTumis sakaTedro taZris mRvdelmsaxurad dainiSna. 1961

wels iRumenis xarisxi mianiWes. male misi arqimandritad xeldasx-

ma moxda. 1963 wels sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma

efrem II-m ilia SiolaSvils xeli daasxa Semoqmedis eparqiis epis-

koposad. amasTan, igi dainiSna patriarqis qorepiskoposad. 1967 wl-

idan cxum-afxazeTis mRvdelmTavaria. 1969 wels man mitropolitis

xarisxi miiRo.

meufe ilia (SiolaSvili) aqtiurad moRvaweobda rogorc saqa-

rTveloSi, ise sazRvargareTac. 1963 wels igi mcxeTis sasuliero

21

seminariis reqtorad dainiSna, sadac 1972 wlamde moRvaweobda.

1964 wels meufe iliam (Semoqmedelma) monawileoba miiRo

msoflios marTlmadidebeli qristianuli eklesiis warmomadgenel-

Ta SekrebaSi kunZul rodosze, sadac daayena saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli qristianuli eklesiis avtokefaliis saerTaSoriso masS-

tabebis cnobis sakiTxi. marTalia, 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts qarTuli

eklesiis avtokefalia aRdgenilad gamocxadda, magram msoflios

arc erTma saxelmwifom arcno igi. ruseTis eklesiam mxolod 1943

wels aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukidebloba. poloneTis

eklesiam Cveni eklesiis avtokefalia aRiara mxolod de-faqtod.

ilia (SiolaSvili) mTeli simwvaviT ayenebs avtokefaliis

sakiTxs da asabuTebs mas. samwuxarod, krebam ar gaiziara meu-

fis mier dayenebuli sakiTxis sabuTianoba. maSin iliam protestis

ukidures formas mimarTa _ sxdoma datova. aman SeaSfoTa sazoga-

doeba. msoflio sazogadoebisTvis meufis protesti damafiqrebeli

iyo, kerZod, im dros sabWoTa saxelmwifos sxvadasxva organoebis

mier uaryofiTad iqna Sefasebuli.1

1972 wels, efrem II-is gardacvalebis umal dadga axali kaTo-

likos-patriarqis sakiTxi. upirates kandidatad am wmida Tanamde-

bobaze mitropoliti ilia (SiolaSvili) iqna dasaxelebuli. igi

qveyanaSi aRiarebuli, sazogadoebaSi popularuli iyo. mxedvelobaSi

iqna miRebuli misi Rrmad ganswavluloba da 39 wlis asakisaTvis

sakmao gamocdileba.

gvinda mkiTxvels vauwyoT erTi faqtis Sesaxeb. saerTod, kaTo-

likos-patriarqis kandidatura uTanxmdeba saxelmwifos meTaurs.

aTeistur saxelmwifoSi (samocdaaTiani wlebis sabWoTa kavSiri)

es faqti (SeTanxmeba) faqtobrivad iyo Casatarebeli. da ai swored

amis Sesruleba wilad xvda am striqonebis avtors, romelsac imx-

anad maRali saxelmwifo Tanamdeboba ekava. ministrTa sabWos im-

droindelma Tavmjdomaris moadgilem viqtoria siraZem saSur da

1 ufro vrclad ilia II-is Sesaxeb ix. r. metreveli, patriarqi – eris

sulieri mama, Tb, 2008.

22

droul Sesasrulebel saqmed miiCnia ilia SiolaSvilis kandidatur-

is sakiTxis SeTanxmeba qveynis pirvel pirTan vasil mJavanaZesTan.

saTanado masalebi (anketa da sxva) mogvawodes da Cven SevudeqiT

am sapasuximgeblo misiis Sesrulebas. erT-erTi audienciis dros,

sxvadasxva sakiTxis moxsenebis Semdeg, frTxilad mivawodeT anketa

da vuTxariT, rom qveynis mRvdelmTavris sakiTxi iyo gadasawyveti.

batonma vasilma jer gaikvirva, Cven ra SuaSi varTo. roca avuxseni,

rom miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos saxelmwifos pirveli

piri unda iyos eklesiaSi mimdinare procesebis saqmis kursSi-meTqi,

daxeda anketas, ilias suraTs daakvirda, ra lamaziao _ aRmoxda

xmamaRla, anketas Tvali gadaavlo da momawoda. es Tanxmobas niSna-

vda. ufro metic _ vasil mJavanaZe nasiamovnebi iyo.

aq gauTvaliswinebeli ram moxda. ilia SiolaSvilis sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad arCevis winaaRmdeg gamovida

sabWoTa kavSiris ministrTa sabWos religiaTa saqmis sammarTve-

lo, kerZod, am sammarTvelos ufrosi kuroedovi. es religiur

saqmeSi metad uxeSi Careva iyo. winaaRmdegobis motivad ilia

SiolaSvilis sijiute dasaxelda, rac rodosis Sekrebaze mis

protestSi gamoixata.

imxanad, miuxedavad imisa, rom ,,braldeba~ sruliad umarTebulo

iyo, SeuZlebeli gaxda am winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva da cxum-afx-

azeTis mitropolitis ilia SiolaSvilis kaTolikos-patriarqad

arCeva ramdenime wliT gadaido.

mitropolit ilias saqarTvelos eklesiaSic gamouCndnen xe-

lisSemSlelni. 1972 wlis 26 maiss man iZulebiT datova mcxeTis

sasuliero seminariis reqtoris posti. gawbilebuli mitropoliti

gulistkiviliT werda: ,,... Cven SevZeliT saswavlebeli myar niadag-

ze gadagveyvana... kursdamTavrebulTa umetesi nawili Tavdadebu-

lad emsaxureba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis taZrebs.

gulistkiviliT unda mogaxsenoT, rom am cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi

daxmarebis nacvlad mesmoda mxolod kritika~.

mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom gasuli saukunis samocdaaTiani

23

wlebis SuaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi iyvnen:

mitropoliti zinobi maJuga(TeTriwyaros eparqia), mitropoliti

ilia SiolaSvili(cxum-afxazeTis eparqia),mitropoliti romanoz

petriaSvili(baTum-Semoqmedis eparqia), mitropoliti gaioz kera-

tiSvili(wilknis eparqia), episkoposi giorgi RonRaZe(manglisis ep-

arqia), episkoposi grigol cercvaZe(alaverdis eparqia),episkoposi

ilarionsamxaraZe(bodbis eparqia). ierarqiis Sesabamisad mRvdelmTa-

varTa Soris upiratesi adgili cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilia

SiolaSvils ekuTvnoda, romelic, amasTan erTad, damtkicebuli iyo

kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred. sakvirveli ram moxda... 1977 wlis

10 seqtembers ilia SiolaSvils atyobineben, rom ,,kaTolikos-pa-

triarqis daviT V-is brZanebiT, pirveli adgili mitropolitTa

Soris mieca mis maRalusamRvdeloesobas, mitropolit romanozs~.

rogorc Cans,garkveuli Zalebi Riad amoqmeddnen ilia SiolaSvilis

winaaRmdeg. es saqmis Semdgomma msvlelobamac daadastura.

1977 wlis 9 noembers daviT V gardaicvala. patriarqis gar-

dacvalebis umal Seikribnen wmida sinodis wevrebi, mitropoliti

ilia SiolaSvili,zinobi maJuga, giorgi kuratiSvili, episkopose-

bi: giorgi RonRaZe, ilarion samxaraZe. mitropoliti romanoz

petriaSvili, miuxedavad Setyobinebisa, ar Camovida saqarTvelos

dedaqalaqSi.

saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis debulebis Sesabamisad(debuleba

miRebulia 1945 wlis 28 marts), kaTolikos-patriarqis gar-

dacvalebis(an mZime avadmyofobis) SemTxvevaSi, mis movaleobas

asrulebs wmida sinodis is wevri(mRvdelmTavari), romlis Sesax-

ebac miTiTebuli iqneboda patriarqis(am SemTxvevaSi daviT V-is)

werilobiT gankargulebaSi (wesisamebr, es gankarguleba unda in-

axebodes kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivanTan). amgvari gankargule-

ba ar aRmoCnda. gaimarTa wmida sinodis sxdoma, romelsac ilia

SiolaSvili Tavmjdomareobda. kenWisyris Sedegad, xmaTa umrav-

lesobiT kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred ilia SiolaSviliiqna

arCeuli.winaaRmdegi iyo wilkneli mitropoliti gaiozi. man ka-

24

Tolikos-patriarqis mosaydred daasaxela baTum-Semoqmedisa da

Wyondidis mitropoliti romanoz petriaSvili. gaioz keratiSvi-

li Tavisi kandidaturiT marto darCa.

9 noembers gamarTuli wmida sinodis sxdoma Catarda saeklesio

marTva-gamgeobis debulebis sruli dacviT da igi, cxadia, kanonieri

iyo. am garemoebas imitom vusvamT xazs, rom moxda paradoqsuli

ram... 10 noembers TbilisSi Camovida mitropoliti romanoz petri-

aSvili(igi, miuxedavad sagangebo mowvevisa, 9 noembers ar gamocxadeb-

ula) da ganacxada, rom rogorc uxuces mRvdelmTavars, ierarqiuli

pativiT mas ekuTvnoda kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris movaleoba.

es moTxovna ar iyo swori. saqme isaa, rom debulebiT uxucesad iT-

vleba is mRvdelmTavari, romelic adrea nakurTxi mRvdelmTavrad.

saeklesio kanonSi xazgasmulia: ,,mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul iqnebian

qirotoniis uxucesobis mixedviT~. ilia SiolaSvili episkoposad

nakurTxi iyo 1963 wlis 25 agvistos, romanoz petriaSvili ki 1965

wlis 21 Tebervals. mitropolitoba meufe iliam miiRo 1969wels,

romanoz petriaSvilma ki 1972 wels. amdenad, ilia SiolaSvilis

upiratesoba aSkara iyo. rac Seexeba asaks, romanoz petriaSvili

sakmaod xandazmuli _ 90 wlisa iyo, ilia SiolaSvili ki 44

wlis, amas ar iTvaliswinebs arsebuli saeklesio kanonebi. piriqiT,

44 wlis, fizikurad Zlieri, gonebrivad ganswavluli saeklesio

ierarqisaTvis sarbieli ufro farTo iyo da didi saqmeebis keTeba

ufro SesaZlebeli.

mitropoliti romanozi ar iyo erTaderTi dabrkoleba ilia

SiolaSvilis patriarqad asarCevad. baTum-Semoqmedel mitro-

polits mxari aubes gaioz keratiSvilma da ilarion samxaraZem.

maT wamoayenes mosazreba, rom meufe ilias patriarqis Tanamosay-

dreoba dauSvebeli iyo, radgan igi dabadebuli iyo q. orjoni-

kiZeSi _ saqarTvelos farglebs gareT. es absurduli winadadeba

iyo. jer erTi, saeklesio kanonebis mixedviT, dabadebis adgils ar

aqvs mniSvneloba. meore da mTavari isaa, rom ilia SiolaSvili

da misi mSoblebi _ natalia kobaiZe da giorgi RuduSauri – Si-

25

olaSvilisaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis qveSevrdomebi

iyvnen. rac Seexeba q. orjonikiZeSi arsebul qarTul eklesias, igi

yovelTvis eqvemdebareboda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos(am eklesi-

aSi moinaTla ilia SiolaSvili arqimandrit(SemdgomSi wilknis

episkoposi) tarasi kandelakis mier.2

wmida sinodma rogorc mitropolit romanozis, ise mitro-

polit gaiozisa da episkopos ilarionis qmedeba antieklesiurad

da kanonTan sawinaaRmdegod CaTvala...

1977wlis 15 noembers dakrZales daviT V. meore dRes, 1977

wlis 16 noembers gaimarTa saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samoci-

qulo eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdoma, romelsac daeswrnen: ilia

SiolaSvili, zinobi maJuga, romanoz petriaSvili, gaioz keratiSvili,

giorgi RonRaZe, grigol cercvaZe, ilarion samxaraZe.sxdomis oqmi

Seadgina sagangebod mowveulma saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

mdivanma grigol mSvidobaZem.

sxdomaze gadawyda, rom meTormete saeklesio kreba gaimarTos

1977 wlis 23 dekembers, axladarCeuli sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarqis aRsaydreba ki _ 25 dekembers, sveticxovlis

sapatriarqo taZarSi.

garkveuli winaaRmdegobebi warmoiSva sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarqad asarCevi kandidaturis ganxilvisas.manglelma

episkoposma giorgim, alaverdelma episkoposma grigolma, TeTrwyaro-

elma mitropolitma zinobma patriarqad asarCev kandidatad daas-

axeles cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia SiolaSvili. garkveu-

li sijiute gamoiCina mitropolitma romanozma. man saerTod ar

daasaxela patriarqobis kandidati, mitropolitma gaiozma ganacxada,

rom sinodis sxdoma ar iyo kanonieri.

wmida sinodis wevrTa umravlesoba, cxadia, ilia SiolaSvilis

patriarqad arCevas uWerda mxars. sinodis sxdomis oqmSi xazgasmu-

ladaa miniSnebuli: ,,mosaydre mitropoliti ilia Tanxmobas acxa-

2 ufro vrclad ix. s. vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uw-

midesi da unetaresi ilia II, Tb., 2008.

26

debs sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqobis kandidatad

mis dasaxelebaze~.

samwuxarod, provokaciebsac hqonda adgili momavali patriarqis

winaaRmdeg. qarTvelma sazogadoebam kargad igrZno eklesiaSi Seqm-

nili rTuli viTareba.niSandoblivia, rom ilia SiolaSvilis kandi-

daturas qarTveloba farTod uWerda mxars.

mZime incidenti moxda 1977 wlis 18 dekembers, roca sapa-

triarqoSi SeiWrnen wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT ukmayofilo

mRvdelmTavrebi, gatexes patriarqis kabinetis kari, daxies oqmi, sa-

dac patriarqis mosaydris arCevaiyo dafiqsirebuli. mTavari isaa,

rom maT provokaciuli depeSebi gaugzavniaT ruseTisa da somxeTis

eklesiebSi, saqarTvelos mTavrobis wevrebisaTvis(kerZod, umaRlesi

sabWos prezidiumis Tavmjdomaris p. gilaSvilisa da ministrTa

sabWos Tavmjdomaris z. patariZisadmi).metad kuriozulad moCans

meufe romanozis qmedeba, romelmac sagangebo werili gaugzavna leo-

nid breJnevs. werili dasmenis xasiaTs atarebda, kerZod, miTiTebuli

iyo, rom ilia SiolaSvili qarTveli disidentebis mxardamWeria da

misi kandidatura unda moixsnaso.3

imdenad aralogikuri da cilismwamebluri iyo warmodgenili

,,braldebebi~, rom igi arc erTma instanciam ar miiRo. rac Seexeba

xalxs – igi erTxmad ilia SiolaSvils uWerda mxars.

1977 wlis 23 dekembris meTormete saeklesio kreba gaimarTa

sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi. krebas, rogorc saTanado dokumentSi

aRiniSna, daeswrnen saqarTvelos eklesiis yovladsamRvdelo mR-

vdelmTavarni, samRvdeloni, monazonni da eriskacni, moZme marTlma-

didebel eklesiaTa warmomadgenelni. TbilisSi sagangebod Camovidnen:

moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi pimeni, yovel-

Ta somexTa kaTolikosi vazgen I, sazRvargareTis marTlmadidebeli

3 mitropoliti romanozi sul sxva rames amtkicebda wmida sinodis sx-

domaze (1977 wlis 16 noemberi), roca acxadebda, rom ilia SiolaSvils

patriarqad arCevis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia gauqm-

deboda da igi ruseTis eklesias daeqvemdebareboda (disidentebis interesi,

cxadia, sxva iyo).

27

eklesiebis warmomadgenlebi (bulgareTis marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siidan arqimandriti naumi, aleqsandriis eklesiis warmomadgeneli

arqimandriti grigoriosi da sxvebi).

krebagaxsnilad gamoacxada sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqis mosaydrem, cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma iliam. man mokle,

STambeWdavi sityva warmoTqva, romelic ase daamTavra: ,,Cveni mR-

vdelmTavrebi, samRvdeloeba, morwmune eri mudam iqneba erTad, rom

gadawyvitos is didi sakiTxebi, romlebic Cveni eklesiis winaSe

dgas. qristesmieri siyvaruliT mogesalmebiT...~ da a.S. saeklesio

krebas mxurvaled miesalma moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patri-

arqis uwmidesi pimeni.

saeklesio krebis umTavresi sakiTxi iyo kaTolikos-patriarqis

arCeva. episkoposma grigolma (alaverdeli) SekrebilT moaxsena wmi-

da sinodis gadawyvetileba _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqad mitropolit ilia SiolaSvilis kandidaturis Sesaxeb.

faruli kenWisyris Sedegad patriarqis mosaydre mitropoliti

ilia SiolaSvilierTxmad iqna arCeuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqad. es faqti saeklesio krebis yvela monawilem xe-

lmoweriT daadastura da sagangebo sigeliT mimarTes axladarCeul

patriarqs: ,,...Tqveni siwmide sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqad, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposad iqna arCeuli~. miiRes

patriarqis saboloo wodeba _ uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepisko-

posi ilia II.4

ilia II-is patriarqad arCevas sixaruliT Sexvda qarTveli eri.

Rrma erovnuli suliskveTebis, aqtiuri moRvaweobisa da uaRresad

ganaTlebuli mRvdelmTavrisagan sazogadoeba bevr siaxles moelo-

da. igrZnoboda, rom eris cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli da mniSvnelo-

4 ilia I-ad CaiTvala 1600wlis win, IV saukunis 90-iani wlebidan V

saukunis dasawyisamde moRvawe qarTlis eklesiis meoTxe mamamTavari

elia(qarTlSi am periodSi mefobda bakuri Trdatis Ze (qarTlis cxovre-

biT Trdati).

28

vani xdeboda, iwyeboda axali etapi qveynis eklesiur cxovrebaSi...

1977 wlis 25 dekembers dainiSna patriarqis aRsaydrebis(in-

tronizaciis) dRe. metad sainteresoa, rom samoqalaqo pirebma, maT

Soris am striqonebis avtorma, sagangebo saSvi miviReT. igi ase ga-

moiyureboda:

saSvisaSvi

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis intronizaciaze dasaswrebad.kaTolikos-patriarqis intronizaciaze dasaswrebad.

intronizacia Sesdgeba 1977 w. 25 dekembers, kviras, mcxeTis svet-intronizacia Sesdgeba 1977 w. 25 dekembers, kviras, mcxeTis svet-

icxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. dasawyisi 11icxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. dasawyisi 11 saaTze. saaTze.

saSvze yuradReba imitom gavamaxvile, rom amgvari mowveva ekle-

siaSi uCveulo iyo. rogorc Cans, gaTvaliswinebuli iyo aRsaydrebis

ceremonialze xalxis SezRuduli raodenobis daswreba. sababad wes-

rigis dacva igulisxmeboda. moxda sruliad gauTvaliswinebeli ram.

saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan moawyda xalxi mcxeTis sveticxovels.

mozRvavebul xalxs veraferi Seaferxebda. aivso sveticxoveli da

misi ezo. bevri ezos gareTac iyo. xalxi gansakuTrebuls eloda

am dRisgan da undoda Tavadac Tanamonawile yofiliyo eklesiaSi

axali cxovrebis dasawyisisa.

zustad 11 saaTze sveticxovlis zRurblze gadmodga fexi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, mcxeTa-Tbilisis

mTavarepiskoposma ilia II-m. man brwyinvaleba, sinaTle Semoitana

taZarSi. patriarqs Tan Semohyvnen: TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti

zinobi, mangleli episkoposi giorgi, alaverdeli episkoposi grigo-

li. ilia II-is gverdiT idga ruseTis patriarqi, uwmidesi pimeni

da yovelTa somexTa kaTolikosi vazgen I. isini sxva ucxoel sam-

Rvdeloebis warmomadgenlebTan erTad saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

sapatio stumrebi iyvnen.

mowveul samoqalaqo pirTa Soris iyvnen qarTuli xelovnebisa

29

da mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi, studentebi. CemTvis dauviwyaria ga-

moCenili qarTveli mecnieris vaxtang beriZisa da gamoCenili mkur-

nalis avlip zurabaSvilis aRfrTovanebuli saxeebi liturgiis

msvlelobisas.

sazeimo liturgiuli samsaxuri saukuneebiT dadgenili wesiT

warimarTa. sapatriarqo gvirgvini, qarTveli patriarqebis jvrebi,

panaRiebi da kunkul-bartyuli ilis II-giorgi manglelma da grigol

alaverdelma miarTves.saocari zeimurobiT, gamorCeuli silamaziT

Catarda patriarqis gvirgvinkurTxeva. aq gamqrali iyo arCeviswina

sirTuleebi daarc winaaRmdegobis kvali Canda(cxadia, es yvelaferi

saeklesio krebaze patriarqis erTxmad arCevamac ganapiroba).5

axlad gvirgvinnakurTx ilia II-s mgznebare misasalmebeli si-

tyviT mimarTa ruseTis patriarqma, uwmidesma pimenma. patriarqs

miesalma megobari somxuri eklesiis Tavkaci, yovelTa somexTa ka-

Tolikosi vazgen I.

amaRlebuli iyo ilia II-is sefe-sityva. man gulwrfelad mimar-

Ta sruliad saqarTvelos: ,,me Segnebuli maqvs is umZimesi da, amave

dros, sapatio movaleoba, romelic dRes RvTis am wmida taZris

TaRebqveS damakisra maRalma RmerTma. muxls viyri am pativisaTvis

misi Zlierebis winaSe da Tayvans vcem maradiuli naTliT mosil

xsenebas misas. Tavs vxri saqarTvelos eklesiisa da misi mrevlis

_ qarTveli xalxis winaSe, romelsac sasoebiT unda emsaxuros Cemi

Zali da goneba im sarwmunoebiT, romeli sarwmunoebis dacvisa da

SenarCunebisaTvis zRva sisxli gaiRo ricxviT mcire Cvenma xalx-

ma...~ patriarqma eklesiasa da ers mTavari amocana dausaxa: ,,Cveni

eklesiis momavali saqmianobis mTavari sakiTxi unda iyos qarTvel

xalxSi sasoebisa da utexi nebis ganmtkiceba~.

1977 wlis 25 dekembers, saRamos 5 saaTze saqarTvelos ekle-

5 gaurkveveli darCa, vin gadaWra sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZris mTa-

vari WaRis jaWvi, romlis Camovardnas didi tragedia mohyveboda (ix. s.

vardosaniZe, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da un-

etaresi ilia II, gv. 133).

30

siis wmida sinodma sazeimo miReba moawyo. mosawvevi baraTi (saSvi

ki ara mosawvevi baraTi) gvauwyebda: ,,saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida

sinodi gTxovT mobrZandeT sazeimo miRebaze, romelic gaimarTeba

misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqis intronizaciasTan dakavSirebiT...~

sazeimo miRebaze, romelsac samRvdeloebis garda qarTuli

inteligenciis warmomadgenlebic (maT Soris am striqonebis

avtoric) eswrebodnen, gamorCeulad dasamaxsovrebeli sityva

warmoTqva yovelTa somexTa kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma. man gulmx-

urvaled mimarTa ilia II-s: ,,Tqven rom giyurebT, maxsendeba Cemi

patriaqobis dasawyisi. mec 44 wlisa gavxdisomexTa patriarqi.

somxuri eklesia mZime materialur da moralur mdgomareobaSi

iyo... Cven RvTis wyalobiT yvela problema gadavWeriT...darw-

munebuli var uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II yvela problemas,ro-

melic dRes saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe dgas, gaarTmevs Tavs da

saeklesio cxovrebas did Zalas SesZens~.6

sazeimo miRebis monawileebma erTxmad gamoTqves Zlieri qar-

Tuli samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesiis xilvis survili.

patriarqis maRal taxtze aRsaydrebis umal ilia II-is Tvali

sruliad saqarTvelos gadaswvda, im sulier tkivilebs, romelic

ers sakmao xnis manZilze awuxebda. ukve farTo asparezi da meti

saSualebebi aRmoCnda mis mier dawyebuli Tu axali saqmeebis

aRsasruleblad.

Cven aq wertils davsvamT da aRar gavagrZelebT Txrobas pa-

triarqis mravalmxriv Rvawlze. vityviT mxolod, rom uwmidesi da

unetaresi ilia II _sruliad saqarTvelos kiTolikos-patriarqi,

mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mi-

tropoliti WeSmariti mwyemsia sruliad saqarTvelosi. igi Tavis

erze, qveyanaze usazRvrod Seyvarebuli, masze mofiqrali da yovelT-

vis da misTvismlocvelia, yoveli locvisas patriarqi saqarTvelo-

6 vazgen I-is sityvebiwinaswarmetyveluri aRmoCnda: dRes saqarTvelos eklesia

ilia II-is udidesi Zalisxmevis Sedegad Zlieri da avtoritetulia.

31

sa da qarTvel ers avedrebs ufals, qveynis gadarCenasa da xalxis

dRegrZelobas SesTxovs.

saqarTvelo RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyanaa. qarTveli eri

amayobs Tavisi warsuliT. swored warsulis pativiscemiT, dRevan-

delobaze zrunviT da momavlis rwmeniT xalxs miuZRvis qarTu-

li eklesia, romelsac saTaveSi udgas uflisgan gamorCeuli, 35

weli patriarqad aRsaydrebuli, 50 welilberobaSi myofi, 80 wlis

qristesmieri siyvaruliT aRsavse adamiani... didi mwyemsi saqarTve-

losi _ uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II _ sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi da biWvin-

Tisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti.

32


`mziani Ramis~ pirvel wlebSi`mziani Ramis~ pirvel wlebSi

XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelo sabWoTa kavSiris

erT-erTi mokavSire respublika iyo. garegnulad suverenuli, Tavis-

ufali respublika realurad mkacrad centralizebuli mmarTvelo-

bis sistemiT xasiaTdeboda. adgilobrivi marionetuli xelisufle-

ba _ saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis, saqarTvelos

ssr umaRlesi sabWosa da saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWos saxiT

_ moskovTan SeuTanxmeblad verc erTi sakiTxis gadawyvetas ver

axerxebda. qveyana aSenebda e.w. `ganviTarebul socializms“. gaba-

tonebuli ideologia iyo marqsizm-leninizmi. sazeimo msvlelobebi

imarTeboda 1 maiss, mSromelTa solidarobis dRes, da 7 noembers,

ruseTis xelisuflebaSi bolSevikebis mosvlis ìstoriuli“ dRis

aRsaniSnavad. sazeimod aRiniSneboda faSistur germaniaze gamarjve-

bis dRe, 9 maisi, da sabWoTa kavSiris konstituciis miRebis dRe, 5

dekemberi. is adamianebi, romelTac axsovdaT 1918-1921 wlebis saqa-

rTvelos damoukidebeli respublika an emigraciaSi imyofebodnen, an,

20-50-iani wlebis daundobel angariSsworebas gadarCenilni, ocneba-

sac ver bedavdnen Tavisufal saqarTveloze. saqarTvelos politi-

kuri xelmZRvaneloba amayad acxadebda, rom qveyanaSi daZleuli iyo

`warsulis mavne gadmonaSTebi“, mosaxleobis religiuroba. axali

ideologiuri wnexis pirobebSi gaizardnen Taobebi, romelTa mex-

sierebidan cdilobdnen amoeSalaT istoriuli warsuli, qarTuli

erovnuli cnobiereba, saxelmwifoebriobisa da qristianuli sar-

wmunoebisadmi erTguleba; saSualo skolebSi da umaRles saswav-

lebleblebSi aikrZala saqarTvelos istoriis swavleba, axalgazr-

debisaTvis gaucxoebuli iyo XIX-XX saukuneebis saxelmwifoebrivi

da sarwmunoebrivi TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZol winaparTa _ solo-

mon II-is, aleqsandre batoniSvilis, solomon leoniZis, filadelfos

33

kiknaZis, dosiTeoz quTaTelis, eqvTime gaenaTelis, spiridon kedias,

noe ramiSvilis, noe Jordanias, kote afxazis, qaquca ColoyaSvilis,

grigol lorTqifaniZis, uwmidesi ambrosis, mitropolit nazaris,

zurab avaliSvilis, grigol robaqiZis, viqtor nozaZisa da sxvaTa

saxelebi. XIX saukunis erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba so-

cialur moZraobad moinaTla. qveyanaSi gabatonebuli iyo rusuli

ena da idevneboda qarTuli, garuseba _ internacionalizmad, xolo

saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli enis uflebebisaTvis brZola na-

cionalizmad cxaddeboda. mkacri cenzura iyo yvela sferoSi.

miuxedavad aseTi rTuli viTarebisa, sabWoTa politikuri

sistemis krizisi aSkara iyo. ioseb stalinis gardacvalebis Sem-

deg (1953 wlis 5 marts), romelic sabWoTa politikuri sistemis

stabilurobis garanti iyo 31 wlis ganmavlobaSi, kidev ufro gar-

Tulda viTareba. qveynis saTaveSi mosulma axalma xelmZRvanelobam,

nikita xruSCovis meTaurobiT, 1956 wlis sagangebo dadgenilebiT

dagmo ioseb stalinis pirovnebis kulti da 20-50-iani wlebis

represiebi mxolod mas daabrala. n. xruSCovs am nabijiT sistemis

gadarCena surda, magram moxda piriqiT, daCqarda sabWoTa politikuri

sistemis ngrevis procesi. 1956 wlis 9 marts TbilisSi mSvidobiani

manifestaciis barbarosulma darbevam, sisxlianma angariSsworebam

qarTul sazogadoebaSi azrovnebis wesis Secvla daaCqara, saqarTve-

los saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisuflebis miviwyebuli idea gamoacocx-

la, komunisturi sistemis kritika, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobisaTvis brZola gaxda erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli

moZraobis mTavari mizani.

XX saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi es moZraoba sabWoTa ideologe-

bisa da misi specsamsaxurebisaTvis disidentur (sxvagvarad moaz-

rovneTa) moZraobad moinaTla. disidenturi moZraobisaTvis saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi momxdari cvlilebebi,

axalgazrda, ganaTlebuli kaTolikos-patriarqis mosvla iyo didi

sixarulisa da imedebis momcemi, amitom qarTveli mamuliSvilebi

uyoymanod dadgnen uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTve-

34

los kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II-is gverdiT. patriarqi Sinaganad

erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli idealebis erTguli iyo. amis dastur-

ia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivSi, misi uwmidesobis studento-

bisdroindel saarqivo masalebSi, axalgazrda mRvdelmonazon ilias

mier lamazad gadawerili memorandumis teqsti, romliTac 1922

wels uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosi xelaiam mimarTa genuis saer-

TaSoriso konferenciis monawileebs. garda amisa, Cveni saxelovani

patriarqi axalgazrdobidanve xSirad ixsenebda uwmidessa da une-

tares, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-s: àxla

Tvalwin myavs warmodgenili kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II erekles

Ze, magondeba misi tirili da godeba daoblebul saqarTveloze, igi

imeddakarguli da damwuxrebuli rwyavda ruseTis miwas Tavisi

mduRare cremlebiT“ _ werda Tavis dRiurSi mRvdelmonazoni ilia.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is sityva, darbazobaze Tqmu-

li 1977 wlis 25 dekembers, kargi gzavnili iyo Tavisuflebis

idealebis erTguli TanamemamuleebisaTvis. aseT viTarebaSi daiwyo

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis ilia II-is moRvaweoba. erT-erTma sasuliero pirma uwmidessa

da unetares ilia II-s mimarTa, rom man sudaragadafarebuli ekle-

sia Caibara. viTareba iyo mZime, magram ara uimedo. am dros mcxe-

Ta-Tbilisis eparqiaSi moqmedi iyo mcxeTis sveticxoveli, samTav-

rosa da olRas monastrebi, Tbilisis sioni, qaSueTis wmida giorgis,

didubis RvTismSoblis, kukiis wmida ninos, mTawmindis mama daviTis,

samebis, aleqsandre nevelis, mixeil tverelis, ioane RvTismetyvelis,

wmida barbares eklesiebi. ar funqcionirebda anCisxatis, karis, feri-

scvalebis, wmida nikolozis, metexis RvTismSoblis, veris eklesiebi;

naZaladevSi, iveriis RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi, higienis saxli (abano)

iyo gaxsnili. eklesias ar hyavda mrevli, TiTqmis ar arsebobda

qarTulenovani sasuliero wignebi, qarTuli xatebi, jvrebi, Semcire-

buli iyo mgalobelTa gundebi. wmida sinodis wevri eqvsi mRvdelm-

Tavris asaki meryeobda 70-90 wlebs Soris, xandazmuli iyo sasu-

liero pirTa umravlesobac. pirvel xanebSi patriarqis Semmosvelni

35

aleqsandre nevelis eklesiidan mosuli rusi stiqarosnebi iyvnen.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi Sekre-

bil xalxs, romelic jer mrevli ar iyo, aswavlida, rogor unda

elocaT, romeli locvebi unda eswavlaT, rogor unda gadaeweraT

pirjvari, ratom iyo aucilebeli wirva-locvaze bolomde daswreba,

ratom unda daecvaT marxva, eTqvaT aRsareba da mieRoT wmida ziare-

ba, ratom iyo taZarSi saWiro siwynare wirva-locvis dros, ratom

iyo aucilebeli taZarSi salocavad mosuli qalisTvis Tavsaburav-

iT yofna... adamianebi gaubedavad, magram mainc modiodnen eklesiaSi

da erTferovani cxovrebidan uecrad sxva samyaroSi gadmodiodnen,

sadac aforiaqebulni sulier simSvides poulobdnen, cxovrebaze

xelCaqneulni imediT aRivsebodnen. saocari sanaxavi iyo orSabaTs,

samSabaTs, SabaTs da kviras sionis sapatriarqo taZari. axalgazrde-

bi sasoebiT Sehyurebdnen TavianT sulier winamZRols, wirva-locvis

damTavrebis Semdeg nela miuyvebodnen leseliZis, erekle II-is quCebs,

rusTavelis gamzirs.

patriarqma pirvel saaxalwlo epistoleSi am sityvebiT mimarTa

qarTvels xalxs: `sarwmunoeba – es naTelia mSvidobis gzaze, sarw-

munoeba Tavadaa mSvidoba da sasoeba maradiuli, sarwmunoeba wyaro

aris siyvarulisa, romelic amaRlebs kacis gulsa da gonebas. igi

xidi aris, miwidan cisken mimavali. dadeqiT mtkiced am xidze... Cven

sixaruliT vuCvenebT yvelas am xidisaken mimaval gzas, im saqmeTa

nusxas, romelic unda akeTos maradiulobisaken am xidiT mimaval-

ma adamianma, mivuTiTebT bednierebis im WeSmarit wyaroze, saidanac

unda svas sulisa da xorcis masazrdoebeli cxovelmyofeli wyali,

davexmarebiT sulieri amaRlebis gziT ixilos is naTeli, romelic

mzisgan ki ar modis, aramed romlisganac mzem miiRo naTeli Tavad“.

komunisturi ideologiisagan sulSexuTuli xalxisaTvis, ro-

melsac miwier samoTxes hpirdebodnen, es iyo sruliad axali. ada-

mianebi TandaTan daubrundnen TavianTi winaprebis mier sisxliTa

da TavganwirviT SenarCunebul qristianul sarwmunoebas, nominaluri

morwmuneebidan WeSmarit morwmuneebad gadaiqcnen. saero cxovrebaSi

36

samSoblo, misi istoriuli gmirebi, mSobliuri ena daviwyebas eZleo-

da. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri ki

maTi ardaviwyebisaken mouwodebda mrevls: `roca gadavxedavT Cvens

warsuls, gvaocebs, Tu amden winaaRmdegobaSi viT SeinarCuna qarTvel-

ma xalxma Tavisi ena, qristianuli sarwmunoeba da kultura, rogor

ar moispo es yvelaferi da viT gauZlo JamTan Widils. Cveni dRemde

arsebobis da sulieri simtkicis saidumloeba qristianul sarwmu-

noebaSi mdgomareobs... wmida nino, daviT aRmaSenebeli, Tamar mefe, didi

rusTaveli, dimitri Tavdadebuli, sirieli mamebi, Tornike erisTavi;

mefe-mowameni: arCili da luarsabi; sjulisaTvis Tavdadebulni: dedo-

fali qeTevani, mRvdeli Tevdore, gmirni marabdelni, daviT guramiSvi-

li, 300 aragveli, eqvTime TayaiSvili, ilia WavWavaZe; kaTolikos-pa-

triarqni: kirioni, ambrosi, kalistrate da mravali sxva mnaTobni da

svetni arian saqarTvelosi... Cven unda viyoT ganmgrZelebelni im

didi saqmisa, rasac Seewirnen isini“.oficialuri xelisuflebisa da

misi ideologiisaTvis sruliad miuRebeli iyo warsulis, awmyosa

da momavlis aseTi xedva. Tu saqarTvelos warsulidan am didebuli

adamianebis magaliTebs win wamovwevdiT, aRar rCeboda adgili ioseb

stalinis, sergo orjonikiZis, kamos (ter-petrosianis), filipe max-

araZis, levan RoRoberiZis, mixeil kalininis, sergei kirovis, aleqsan-

dre Jdanovis, kompartiis sxva beladTa cxovrebis SeswavlisaTvis,

romelTa Sromebsa da ̀ sagmiro saqmeebze“ mogviTxrobdnen savaldebu-

lo politseminarebze, kompartiis istoriis leqciebze.

1978 wlis aprilis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi didi mRelvareba

gamoiwvia saqarTvelos ssr axali konstituciis proeqtis ganx-

ilvam. axal proeqtSi, moskovis miTiTebiT, amoRebul iqna is muxli,

romelic saqarTvelos respublikaSi qarTuli enis saxelmwifoe-

briv statuss akanonebda. sxvadasxva organizaciaSi saqarTvelos

ssr axali konstituciis proeqtis ganxilva arsebuli politikuri

sistemis mZafr kritikaSi gadaizarda. A

am dros erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis axalgazrdu-

li birTvi, z. gamsaxurdias, m. kostavas, g. Wanturias, m. giorgaZis, T.

37

CxeiZis, z. WavWavaZis saxiT, sionis sapatriarqo taZris mrevli iyo.

xelisufleba grZnobda, rom saqarTveloSi qarTuli enis dasacavad

gamosuli adamianebis Zlieri mokavSire iyo saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli samociqulo eklesia.

gaTenda 1978 wlis 14 aprili. dilis 9 saaTze Tbilisis uni-

versitetis ezoSi aTasobiT studenti Seikriba da daiZra rusTav-

elis gamzirisaken, mTavrobis sasaxlisaken, sadac saqarTvelos ssr

umaRlesi sabWos sagangebo sesias unda daemtkicebina saqarTvelos

ssr axali konstitucia. axalgazrdebi moiTxovdnen qarTuli enis

saxelmwifo enad gamocxadebas. meliqiSvilis quCaze universitetis

studentebs SeuerTdnen Tbilisis sxvadasxva umaRlesi saswavleb-

lis studentebi, inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi; filarmoniasTan

maT gaarRvies miliciis kordoni, meore winaaRmdegoba daZleul iqna

rusTavelis ZeglTan, aTasobiT demonstranti skandirebiT: `saqarT-

velo“, `samSoblo“, `deda ena“ –mTavrobis saxlTan mivida... quCebSi

daZabuloba igrZnoboda, brezentgadaxurul manqanebSi samxedro te-

qnika, jari idga... ufrosi Taoba tiroda, maT axsovdaT 1956 wlis 9

marti da eSinodaT misi ganmeorebisa...

veeberTela sabWoTa imperiaSi es iyo uprecedento SemTxveva.

moskovi iZulebuli gaxda, ukan daexia, saqarTvelos ssr konstituci-

is 75-e muxliT saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialistur respublikaSi

qarTuli ena saxelmwifo enad dakanonda. es iyo didi gamarjveba da

sixaruli. demonstrantebi sionis sapatriarqo taZrisaken daiZrnen.

am dros ki saqarTvelos sapatriarqo (dRemde daudgenelia mizeze-

bi) xanZris alSi iyo gaxveuli. xanZris Sedegad daiwva vercxlis

xati, XVII saukunis wmida ninos xati, wmida nikolozis xati, 4 sam-

RvdelmTavro kverTxi, barZim-feSxumebi, muxis kankeli, magida, skamebi;

kaTolikos-patriarqebis _ kirion II-is, leonides, ambrosis, qriste-

fores, kalistrates, melqisedekis, efrem II-is, daviT V-is _ suraTe-

bi (originalebi). patriarqi gadarCa... misi uwmidesoba TiTqmis erTi

weli rezidenciis gareSe iyo, magram amas xeli ar SeuSlia misTvis,

kvlav Cveuli SeupovrobiT gaegrZelebina saqmianoba.

38

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias 1917

wels hqonda oficialuri sainformacio organo _ Jurnali

`sveticxoveli“, romelic male daixura. uwmidesi da unetare-

si sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebis _ ambrosis,

qristefores, kalistrates, efremisa da daviTis _ survili, saqa-

rTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias hqonoda Tavisi

sainformacio Jurnali, mravali dabrkolebisa da winaaRmdegobis

gamo ganuxorcielebel ocnebad darCa.

1978 wels, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-is locva-kurTx-

eviT, gamovida feradi ilustrirebuli Jurnali `jvari vazisa“.

Tavdapirvelad ganzraxuli iyo, Jurnali yovelTviuri yofiliyo,

magram xelisuflebis mZafri winaaRmdegobis gamo gadawyda yovel-

wliurad ori nomris gamoSveba. Jurnals unda gaeSuqebina saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoria, wmida sino-

dis sxdomebi, Teologiis, marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan urTierTobis

sakiTxebi. Jurnals agreTve hqonda reziumeebi inglisur da rusul

enebze. ocdaaTi wlis manZilze Jurnalis ucvleli redaqtoria

qalbatoni TinaTin kobalaZe. `jvari vazisas~ 1978 wlis pirveli

nomeri mTlianad mieZRvna saqarTvelos me-12 saeklesio krebas, uw-

midesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is aRsaydrebas. SezRuduli tiraJis

gamo sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi specialur magidaze ewyo Jurna-

lis nomrebi da mkiTxvelebi iwerdnen maTTvis saintereso statiebs.

pirvel xanebSi yoveldRiuri locvebi, fsalmunebi morwmune

mrevls xeliT hqonda gadawerili. 1978-1979 wlebSi es locvebi

daibeWda, magram moTxovnileba imdenad didi iyo, rom isini bibli-

ografiul iSviaTobad iqca. uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-is

locva-kurTxeviT, 1978–1987 wlebSi saeklesio kalendarSi ibeWd-

eboda yoveldRiuri locvebi da fsalmunebi. unikaluri qarTuli

anbani _ asomTavruli da nusxuri _ mxolod specialistebisa da

RvTismsaxurebisaTvis iyo gasagebi. xalxi daSorebuli iyo Zvel

qarTul teqstebsa da damwerlobas. `qarTvel mrevlSi iSviaTad

Tu moiZebneba adamiani, – mimarTa uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia

39

II-m mrevls, _ romelsac SeeZleba medaviTneoba gauwios moZRvars...

vTxov qarTvel morwmuneT, gamoiCinon sibejiTe da gulmodgineba,

Seiswavlon asomTavruli da xucuri damwerloba, ar moSalon xidi,

gadebuli saxelovan warsulsa da bednier momavals Soris.“sul

male eklesiebSi gamoCnda asomTavruliT da nusxuriT dawerili

yoveldRiuri locvebi, fsalmunebi. qarTveli morwmuneebisaTvis

asomTavruli da nusxuri anbani axlobeli da gasagebi gaxda...

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, oficial-

uri xelisuflebis winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, iZulebiTi izolaci-

idan gamodioda. 1978 wlis 24 noembers cnobilma qarTvelma kinore-

Jisorma revaz TabukaSvilma italiidan gadmoasvena 1911 wels q.

CivitavekiaSi sxvis gadasarCenad zRvaSi daRupuli didi qarTveli

mecnieris, mixeil TamaraSvilis, neSti. 26 noembers, kviras, xelovnebis

muzeumis darbazSi gaimarTa samoqalaqo panaSvidi, romelsac aTaso-

biT qarTveli daeswro. panaSvidze mobrZanda uwmidesi da unetaresi

ilia II. misma uwmidesobam didubis panTeonSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi

xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom istoriulad qarTveli eri da saqarTvelos

eklesia mudam erTad idga da ase iqneba momavalSic. es iyo saqa-

rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauris xalxSi

gasvlis pirveli warmatebuli nabiji... bevr adamianze patriarqis

uSualobam, siwmidem ise imoqmeda, rom eklesias miaSura. sul male

sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi gamoCnda qarTuli xatebi, jvrebi. uw-

midesis locva-kurTxeviT, mxatvarma aleqsandre banZelaZem daiwyo

didubis RvTismSoblis eklesiis moxatva. 1979 wels sionis sapa-

triarqo taZarSi gamoCnda yovladwmida RvTismSoblis, macxovris,

wmida ninos, wmida giorgis, wmida keTilmsaxur Tamar mefis, wmida

qeTevan wamebulis, Rirsi mama ioane zedaznelis, wmida mowameebis _

daviTisa da konstantines _ axali xatebi.

1978 wlis zafxulSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi uwmidesisa da

unetaresi ilia II-s mowveviT stumrad CamobrZanda aTonis mTis

gubernatori, doqtori dimitrios camisi, patriarqma oficial-

ur xelisuflebas acnoba, rom aucilebeli iyo, sapatio stumari

40

miewviaT Tbilisis universitetSi, korneli kekeliZis saxelobis

xelnawerTa institutSi, saxelmwifo muzeumSi. xelisufleba iZu-

lebuli gaxda, dasTanxmeboda, ramac uwmidessa da unetaress sa-

Sualeba misca, Sexvedroda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

profesor-maswavleblebs, studentebs, stumrisaTvis daeTvaliere-

binebina saqarTvelos istoriis kabineti, sadac maT esaubra saqarT-

velos istoriis kaTedris gamge profesori mariam lorTqifaniZe.

xelnawerTa institutisa da saxelmwifo muzeumis TanamSromlebi

pirvelad Sexvdnen sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,

romlisadmi pativiscema, siyvaruli da avtoriteti yoveldRi-

urad izrdeboda qarTvel xalxSi. saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

belma samociqulo eklesiam, saero xelisuflebis RonisZiebaTa

paralelurad, aRniSna iakob xucesis mier wmida SuSanikis wamebis

aRweridan 1500 wlisTavi, patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT daiwera

wmida SuSanikis xati. eklesiam xelisuflebas mosTxova, gadmoe-

ca misTvis metexis RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZari, sadac aris

wmida SuSanikis saflavi da imxanad ki axalgazrduli Teatri

iyo ganTavsebuli.

yoveli marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri eklesiisaTvis gansa-

kuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs wmida mironis momzadebas. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia VIII saukunidan amzadebs

wmida mirons. mironis momzadeba sazeimo viTarebaSi xdeba sveticx-

ovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis periodSi

mironis momzadeba mokrZalebulad aRiniSneboda, amitom vrceldebo-

da xmebi, TiTqos mironi sxva qveynidan SemohqondaT.

1980 wels, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, gansakuTrebulad sazeimo

viTarebaSi momzadda wmida mironi. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxi-

dan mcxeTaSi Camosul aTasobiT morwmunes SeeZlo TviTmxilveli

yofiliyo marTlmadidebeli samociqulo avtokefaliuri eklesiis

wiaRSi mironis kurTxevis msaxurebisa. ori kviris manZilze sa-

dReRamiso wirva-locva ar wydeboda sveticxovlis sapatriarqo

41

taZarSi. gaifanta uazro Worebi. momzadebuli mironi moaTavses

sagangebo WurWelSi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis manqana, romelsac

marTavda protodiakoni RvTiso SalikaSvili, Tbilisisaken daiZra.

manqanaSi wmida mironiT savse WurWelic iyo moTavsebuli. manqanam

gaiara ramdenime kilometri da amotrialda. Tanmxlebi manqanebidan

Tavzardacemuli gadmovidnen wmida sinodis wevrebi, samRvdeloeba,

morwmune mrevli. damtvreuli manqanidan uvnebeli gadmovida misi

uwmidesoba, wmida mironis WurWelic dauzianebeli iyo. rom ara

RvTis neba, yvelaferi sxvagvarad dasruldeboda.

uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqi grZnobda, rom aucilebeli iyo, qarTveli xalxis garkveul

nawilSi komunisturi xelisuflebis mier eklesiebze Seqmnili ste-

reotipi ìstoriuli kulturis Zeglisa~ gaefanta da misi namd-

vili daniSnuleba mkafiod da naTlad ganemarta. `taZari adgilia

adamianis eklesiuri kurTxevisa, – aRniSnavda misi uwmidesoba, –

karibWea maradiulobisa, savanea RvTisa; aqauri madlmosili garemo

aRazevebs, akeTilSobilebs suls, ganwmeds da ganaTavisuflebs cod-

vebisagan, taZari oazisia, romelSic Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis

oromtrialiT, RelviT da amaoebiT daclili suli Sinagan mSvido-

basa da siwynares povebs“.

oficialurma xelisuflebam religiur dResaswaulebs

daupirispira e. w. saxalxo `daviTgarejoba“, `mcxeToba“, àlaver-

doba“, `TeleToba“. mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi SezarxoSebuli xalxi

zurna-dudukis fonze wmida taZrebis ezoebSi raRacas zeimobda, Tu

ras, verc erTi mozeime ver ityoda. uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi 1978 wlis seqtemberSi kaxeTSi

gaemgzavra alaverdobaze. axmetis partiulma xelmZRvanelobam scada,

aTasobiT morwmunisaTvis gza gadaeRoba, magram uSedegod. es iyo

pirveli alaverdoba, romlis drosac sakaTedro taZarSi sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da wmida sinodis wevrebi aRas-

rulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas. saocari viTareba iyo. warmarTul-gax-

alxurebuli dResaswauli Tavis namdvil saxes ibrunebda. ase moxda

42

TeleTSi, mcxeTaSi, lomisaze. es iyo qarTveli xalxis qristianuli

rwmenisken Semobrunebis rTuli, magram Seuqcevadi procesis da-

sawyisi. oficialuri xelisuflebis mcdeloba, saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli samociqulo eklesia sazogadoebisagan izolirebuli

darCeniliyo, sruli kraxiT damTavrda. uwmidesma da unetaresma

ilia II-m gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmo axalgazrdobas. ko-

munistur-komkavSiruli propagandiT sulSexuTulma axalgazrdebma

sulis simSvide, samSoblos interesebis dacvis, winaparTa tradic-

iebis pativiscemis Zala eklesiaSi poves.

1978 wlis 6 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis oficialuri delegacia moskovidan TbilisSi brundeboda.

moskovis aeroportSi qarTulad xmamaRla naTqvamma sityvam patri-

arqi moabruna. ùwmideso, – mimarTa ucnobma axalgazrdam, daiCoqa

mis win da werili gadasca, _ sul ori Tve gavida Tqveni kurTx-

evidan da sasaxelod gauZeliT did gamocdas. Tqveni yoveli wirva,

yoveli qadageba Cvens guls malamod ecxeba. sioni Cveni sulisa

da gonebis wmida taZaria, akademiaa, romelSic adamiani ara marto

gonebis sazrdos iRebs, aramed _ sulier sazrdosac. Tqven xarT is

sulieri moZRvari, romelmac bevri gzasacdenili adamiani moaqcieT;

imedi gqondeT, qarTveli axalgazrdebi mudam mxarSi amogidgebiT“.

es gulaxdili werili-aRsareba adasturebda uwmidesisa da uneta-

resis mier gadadgmuli pirveli nabijebis siswores.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaur-

ma mWidro TanamSromloba daiwyo qarTuli mecnierebisa da kul-

turis sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebTan. aTeistur epo-

qaSi aRzrdil adamianebs igi miniSnebiT aswavlida sasuliero

pirebTan urTierTobis niuansebs. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia

II daeswro kote marjaniSvilis saxelobis TeatrSi speqtakl

`STamomavlobas“. speqtaklSi STambeWdavi saxe Seqmna didma qa-

rTvelma msaxiobma veriko anjafariZem. speqtaklis dasasruls

misma uwmidesobam daloca msaxiobebi. aRfrTovanebulma veriko

anjafariZem ase mimarTa mis uwmidesobas:

43

– arc ki vici, rogor unda mogmarToT. CemTvis gansakuTrebiT

axlobeli gaxdiT Cemi didi ojaxuri tragediis Semdeg. (Svilis

gardacvalebis Semdeg patriarqma did msaxiobs urCia, didi rwmena

gadagalaxvinebs did mwuxarebaso).

uwmidesma daloca suxiSvilebis ansambli, ansambli `rusTavi“...

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-

ciqulo eklesiis avtoritetis amaRlebis, qveyanaSi mosaxleobis

religiurobis gazrdis fonze oficialuri saxelisuflebo struq-

turebi fiqrobdnen, rogori unda yofiliyo maTi antireligiuri

muSaobis strategia da taqtika. am mizniT rekomendaciebis SemuSave-

ba daevala saqarTvelos ideologiur muSakTa sagangebo jgufebs,

romelTac 1979-1984 wlebSi Sekrebebi gamarTes moswavle axalgaz-

rdobis sasaxleSi. gamomsvlelTa umravlesoba cdilobda, oponire-

ba gaewia saqarTvelos istoriis saRvTismetyvelo koncefciisaTvis,

daegmo axalgazrdobis didi nawilis eklesiisaken ltolva. miRe-

bul iqna gadawyvetileba, Seqmniliyo komkavSiruli Stabebi, ro-

melnic saeklesio dResaswaulebis dros eklesiebSi mosul axal-

gazrdebs gamoavlendnen da farTo àxsna-ganmartebiT samuSaoebs“

Caatarebdnen. xelisuflebis miTiTebiT, saxelmwifo samsaxurSi myof

adamianebs samsaxuridan gaSvebiT, xolo umaRlesi saswavleblebis

studentebs _ saswavleblidan garicxviT emuqrebodnen. oficialur

xelisuflebas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaze

zemoqmedebisaTvis Seqmnili hqonda sagangebo saxelmwifo struqtu-

ra sabWoTa kavSiris religiis saqmeTa komitetis saxiT, romelic

1943 wels, xolo misi filiali _ saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa

sabWosTan arsebuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis rwmunebulis Ta-

namdeboba _ 1947 wlis 22 agvistos dafuZnda mTavrobis dadge-

nilebis safuZvelze. rwmunebulTa aparats evaleboda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas

Soris urTierTobis koordinacia, sasuliero pirTa aRricxva, moq-

medi eklesiebis registracia, sabWoTa kanonmdeblobiT religiuri

organizaciebisaTvis miniWebul uflebaTa dacva. rwmunebulTa samo-

44

qalaqo samsaxuris ukan sabWoTa kavSiris uSiSroebis ganyofileba

idga, romelic mkacrad akontrolebda eklesiis saqmianobas.

1947 wlidan 1990 wlamde saqarTveloSi religiis saqmeTa

rwmunebulebi iyvnen: k. qadagiSvili, m. bujiaSvili, m. meqvabiSvi-

li, d. enuqiZe, d. SalutaSvili, T. onofriSvili, g. maisuraZe, a.

wiklauri... 1976-1978 wlebSi saqarTvelos ssr religiis saqme-

Ta rwmunebuli iyo Tengiz onofriSvili. am dros saqarTveloSi

ZalaSi iyo 1977 wlis 16 marts damtkicebuli debuleba `reli-

giur gaerTianebaTa Sesaxeb“. debulebis Tanaxmad, axali eklesiis

gaxsna SesaZlebeli iyo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu amas moiTxovda re-

ligiuri sazogadoebis 20 wevri. Tu sasuliero pirs ar hqon-

da religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis mier gacemuli registraciis

mowmoba, mas ekrZaleboda mRvdelmsaxureba.

rwmunebulTa aparati cdilobda, srulad ekontrolebina

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saqmianoba,

didi saSemosavlo gadasaxadebi daewesebina sasuliero pirebi-

saTvis, gaevrcelebina maTTvis arasasurvel sasuliero pirebze

Seuracxmyofeli Worebi, raTa sazogadoebas uaryofiTi ganwyoba

Sehqmnoda maTze. rwmunebulma Tengiz onofriSvilma ver moaxerxa

xelisuflebis moTxovnebis warmatebiT Sesruleba, amitom igi

gaaTavisufles da es misia g. maisuraZes daakisres. rogorc misi

Canawerebidan irkveva, igi 1980 wels daswrebia mcxeTis sasulie-

ro seminariaSi misaReb gamocdebs da gulistkivili gamouTqvams:

`samwuxarod, wina wlebTan SedarebiT, seminariaSi mosuli kontin-

genti amjerad gacilebiT ukeT momzadebuli aRmoCnda. maT So-

ris arian umaRles saswavlebeldamTavrebulni~. ukeTesi iqneboda,

Tu seminariaSi gaunaTlebeli, saeWvo warsulis mqone adamianebi

Cairicxebodnen, radgan maT SantaJs xelisufleba ufro advilad

SeZlebda.

rwmunebulis davalebiT, mcxeTis muzeum-nakrZalis di-

reqtorma 1982 wlis ianvarSi SiomRvimis monasterSi Caketa

monastris winamZRvari mama ioakime asaTiani. movusminoT mama

45

ioakimes: `mimdinare wlis 6 ianvari iyo, Sobis wina dRe. uwmide-

sisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

locva-kurTxeviTa da brZanebiT, SiomRvimis monastrisaken gave-

mgzavre salocavad (am dros monasteri me-18 profteqnikuri

saswavleblis filiali iyo s.v.). dRis 15 saaTze monastris

galavans mivadeqi. rodesac monasterSi Sevedi, kari mojaxunda.

garedan viRacam boqlomi daado. yvirodnen da uSveri sityvebiT

mlanZRavdnen. ase gavatare mTeli Rame. gaTenda. Cemi sayvareli

eklesia sapyrobilis magivrobas miwevda, mcioda, mwyuroda, mSioda

da miWirda gaZleba. pirvelis naxevarze raRac xmebi Semomesma,

avtexe yvirili, Svelas viTxovdi. karTan movida viRac samxedro,

rogorc TviTon miTxra, aviaciis maiori, romelic col-SvilTan

erTad amosuliyo monasterSi. Svela vTxove. keTilSobili adami-

ani aRmoCnda da mkiTxa, Tu riT SeeZlo Cemi daxmareba. Sevevedre,

TbilisSi Casuliyo da sapatriarqoSi eambna yvelaferi. oficeri

sakuTari manqaniT wavida. amasobaSi kidev erTi damTvalierebeli

_ demur boboxiZe _ movida. masac vTxove, Casuliyo mcxeTaSi da

enaxa sveticxovlis moZRvrebi. male sapatriarqodan movidnen...

mcxeTaSi d. boboxiZe muzeum–nakrZalis direqtorTan gaugzavniaT,

romelsac SiomRvimis yaraulebisaTvis mokle, magram bevrismTqme-

li werili miuweria: àwi kmara da gauSviTo“.

religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulebi cdilobdnen, uxeSad Careuli-

yvnen eklesiis Sida saqmeebSi. 1986 wlis 21 noembers religiis

saqmeTa rwmunebuli aseTi Sinaarsis werils ugzavnis uwmidessa

da unetares ilia II-s: `Cvens xelT arsebuli monacemebidan ga-

momdinare, aucileblad miviCnevT Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT re-

ligiuri kultebis Sesaxeb sabWoTa kanonmdeblobis darRvevebis

faqtebze, romlebic sakmaod moxSirda saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesiis msaxurTa mxriv... zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare,

rwmunebulTa aparats saWirod miaCnia, rom saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis sapatriarqom aRniSnul darRvevaTa uaxloes

vadebSi aRmosafxvrelad gaataros Semdegi saxis RonisZiebani:

46

1. aekrZaloT eklesiaTa mRvdelmsaxurebsa da sapatriarqos

Tanam-Sromlebs, uSualod mimarTon respublikisa Tu sakavSiro

instanciebs da awarmoon maTTan mimowera rwmunebulis aparatis

gverdis avliT;

2. SeizRudos mRvdlebis sxvadasxva eklesiebSi gadayvan-gadmoy-

vana, Tu es gansakuTrebuli aucileblobiT ar iqneba gamowveuli;

3. mkacrad aekrZalos yvela RvTismsaxursa Tu eklesiis winamZ-

Rvars religiuri sazogadoebis safinanso-sameurneo saqmeebSi CarT-

va.

4. mkacrad iqnes gafrTxilebuli yvela mRvdelmTavari da sxva

kultis msaxurni, raTa Sewydes aramoqmed da araregistrirebul

eklesiebSi saxalxo Tu saeklesio dResaswaulebSi monawileoba“.

religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis davalebiT, quTaTel-gaenaTel mi-

tropolit Sio avaliSvils quTaisis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis

gelaTis filialis TanamSromlebi sastikiwinaaRmdegni iyvnen, rom

administraciuli wesiT daxurul eklesiaSi 8 Tebervals daviT IV

aRmaSeneblis saflavze paraklisi gadaxdiliyo. ase iyo yvelgan,

magram miuxedavad aseTi didi survilisa, rwmunebulTa aparati veR-

ar axerxebda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

samoqmedo asparezis SezRudvas. religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis erT-

erT gulaxdil CanawerSi vkiTxulobT: ̀ mxolod ukiduresad reaqci-

uli eklesiis msaxurni, ucxoel antisabWoelebTan erTad, moiTxoven,

rom Cvens qveyanaSi religiur gaerTianebebsa da maT wevrebs ufleba

mieceT imoqmedon ise, rogorc es maT moesurvebaT“[27, 1200, 7720].

ase azrovnebdnen religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulTa aparatSi.

1980-iani wlebidan uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTolikos-patriarqi oficialuri xelisuflebisagan da-

JinebiT moiTxovda sasuliero akademiis gaxsnis nebarTvas. rogorc

misi uwmidesoba aRniSnavs, am saqmeSi mas didi daxmareba gauwia

religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulma batonma anzor wiklaurma.

XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis meore naxevridan, erovnul-ganmaT-

avisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobis periodSi, araerTxel daisva

47

sakiTxi religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparatis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.

1990 wlis 22 aprils saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWom aseTi dad-

genileba gamosca: `gauqmdes saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWosTan

arsebuli religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati yvela Tavisi fun-

qciiT. respublikis teritoriaze ganlagebuli marTlmadidebeli

eklesiisa da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos yvela sakulto nagebo-

ba gamocxaddes saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakuTre-

bad“[27, 16420].

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II saocari mimteveblobiT da

araCveulebrivi madlierebis grZnobiT yovelTvis magaliTs aZlevs

ers. 1995 wels mcxeTaSi, sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi, saqa-

rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis gafarToebul

krebaze, man aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli

religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati eklesiis SezRudvisa da da-

CagvrisaTvis iyo Seqmnili, magram ̀ ar SemiZlia ar gavixseno, _ brZana

uwmidesma, _ religiis saqmeTa ori rwmunebuli: Tengiz onofriSvili

da anzor wiklauri. Tengiz onofriSvili mRvdlis SviliSvili iyo,

romlis suraTic man erTxel saidumlod maCvena. anzor wiklaurs,

romelic axlaxan gardaicvala, didi wvlili miuZRvis Tbilisis sa-

suliero akademiis gaxsnaSi. erTica da meorec istorikosebi iyvnen

da kargad esmodaT eklesiis roli Cveni qveynis cxovrebaSi“.

48


saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriulisaqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli

avtokefaliis aRiarebaavtokefaliis aRiareba

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtoke-

faliis aRdgenisa da pirveli saeklesio krebis mier sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad kirion II-is arCevis Semdeg uw-

midesma da unetaresma kirion II-m daiwyo seriozuli muSaoba, raTa

marTlmadidebel da aramarTlmadidebel msoflios mkafio warmodge-

na SehqmnodaT, ra moxda saqarTveloSi, da ar aRmoCeniliyvnen ruse-

Tis sapatriarqos mier gavrcelebuli tendenciuri informaciebis

tyveobaSi. pirvel yovlisa, iyo survili ruseTis eklesiasTan mego-

bruli urTierTobis damyarebisa, magram 1917 wlis agvistoSi ruse-

Tis axladarCeulma patriarqma tixonma saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli samociqulo eklesiis maRalierarqebs mcxeTaSi 1917 wlis 12

(25) marts miRebuli dokumentis gauqmebisa da sinanulisaken mou-

woda. amitom 25 wlis manZilze saqarTvelosa da ruseTis marTlma-

didebel eklesiaTa Soris evqaristuli kavSiri ar arsebobda.

1943 wlis 31 oqtombers, daZabuli molaparakebebis Semdeg,

ruseTis patriarqma sergim oficialurad aRiara saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia,

1917 wlis 12 (25) martis sveticxovlis damoukideblobis aq-

tis kanoniereba da rusi mrevlisadmi mimarTvaSi daadastura saqa-

rTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasTan evqaristuli

kavSiris aRdgena. ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier saqa-

rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aR-

iarebis dokuments xels awerdnen patriarqi sergi da sinodis mud-

mivi wevrebi, mitropolitebi: aleqsi, nikolozi, mTavarepiskoposebi:

andrei, aleqsi, ioane. amis Semdeg saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel ekle-

sias mWidro, megobruli urTierToba hqonda ruseTis eklesiasTan.

49

1946 wels saqarTveloSi oficialuri megobruli vizitiT Ca-

mobrZanda ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi aleqsi I. 1958 wels igi

meored Camovida saqarTveloSi. 1945-1948 wlebSi uwmidesi da une-

taresi kalistrate stumrobda moskovs. 1951-1970 wlebSi moskovSi

araerTxel Catarda sabWoTa kavSirSi arsebul religiur konfesi-

aTa meTaurebis Sexvedra, samSvidobo konferenciebi. am SexvedrebSi

monawileobdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqni: melqisedek III, efrem II, daviT V, ilia II. ruseTisa

da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris keTilganwyobili

urTierToba damyarda.

1977 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-

is aRsaydrebaze moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi pimeni

am sityvebiT miesalma saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs: `ruseTis

marTlmadidebeli eklesia, aRsavse uRrmesi pativiscemiT Tavisi

erTmorwmune, moZme qarTuli eklesiisadmi, guliT xarobs am uwmides

taZarSi gamefebuli sixaruliTa da zeimiT. es sixaruli wmidaa da

naTeli. Cvenc sixarulma mogviyvana aq, raTa erTxel kidev davudas-

turoT keTilmorwmune qarTvel ers da mis Rirseul mwyemsmTavars

sruliad ruseTis eklesiis samwysos siyvaruli“.

uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqi ilia II patriarq pimenis am pozicias pativiscemiTa da

ruseTis eklesiisadmi siyvaruliT pasuxobda. 1978 wlis maisSi

man monawileoba miiRo ruseTSi patriarqobis aRdgenidan 60

wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil sazeimo RonisZiebaSi. aq igi Sexvda da

momavali urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis sakiTxebze esaubra msof-

lio sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebs, mitropolitebs _ melitonsa

da barTolomeoss (axlandel msoflio patriarqs), ierusalimis

eklesiidan – mitropolit germanes, rumineTis eklesiidan _ mi-

tropolit Teoqstites (SemdgomSi patriarqs), bulgareTis pa-

triarq maqsimes, eladis eklesiis warmomadgenels _ mitropolit

varnavas, kvi prosis eklesiis meTaurs _ mTavarepiskopos qrizos-

tomoss, Cexoslovakiis eklesiis meTaurs _ doroTes, poloneTis

50

eklesiis meTaurs _ mitropolit vasils, amerikisa da kanadis

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs _ mTavarepiskopos Teodo-

sis, somxuri eklesiis meTaurs _ patriarq-kaTolikos vazgens

I-s. ruseTis eklesiis meTauris, uwmides pimenisadmi mimarTul

misalmebaSi man aRniSna: `rusuli eklesiis aTaswlovani istoria

_ es aris qristes jvris mtvirTelobis aTaswlovani gza. es

aris wmindanTa dasebi, es aris qristianuli siyvaruli, es aris

brZola WeSmariti rwmenisa da mamulisaTvis. es aris sulier

faseulobaTa Seqmna da zrunva maTi SenarCunebisaTvis“.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II yovelTvis pativiscemiT ixsen-

ebda ruseTis patriarqebs _ uwmides aleqsi I-sa da uwmides pimens.

man 1990 wels patriarq pimenis dakrZalvaze ase daaxasiaTa igi:

`rodesac Cven uwmidesi patriarqis _ pimenis cxovrebas Soridan

vuyurebT, vxedavT mxolod mis sidiades, gvaxsendeba sadResaswaulo

RvTismsaxurebani, wirva-locvani, magram ver vxedavT im mZime gansac-

delsa da devnas, romelic man gadaitana, ver vxedavT im Tavganwirul

msaxurebas, mis uZilo, locviT gaTenebul Rameebs, mis cremlebsa da

tanjvas, im mZime jvars, romelic mas Tavisi mxrebiT mihqonda“.

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m axladarCeul patriarq aleqsi

II–s tradiciuli megobroba da urTierTTanamSromloba SesTavaza.

XX sauunis 90-ian wlebSi bolSevikebis mier modernizebuli

ruseTis sabWoTa imperia _ sabWoTa kavSiri _ daiSala. es procesi

yofili sabWoTa respublikebisaTvis, maT Soris _ saqarTvelosaT-

vis, sakmaod mtkivneuli aRmoCnda. ruseTis politikuri wreebis

waqezebiTa da mxardaWeriT gaZlierda separatistuli tendencie-

bi saqarTvelos istoriul miwa-wyalze, afxazeTsa da cxinvalis

regionSi. ruseTma faqtobrivad am teritoriebis aneqsia moaxdina,

Tumca saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobas jiutad umtkicebs, rom igi

regionSi icavs mSvidobasa da stabilurobas. Ees xdeba im fonze,

rodesac 300 000 qarTveli gamoZevebulia afxazeTis teritoriidan,

14 aTasze meti adamiani ki daxoces sakuTar miwa-wyalze. daxvrites

mama andria, daarbies eklesiebi.

51

ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia Tavis bundovan gancxade-

bebSi TiTqos gmobda Zaladobas, magram, samwuxarod, am yvelaferSi

iribad qarTvelebs adanaSaulebda. ruseTis patriarqma aleqsi II-m

TbilisSi yofnisas Tavi aarida am problemebze msjelobas. cx-

um-afxazeTisa da cxinvalis eparqiebidan separatistebis mier ga-

moZevebulia qarTveli samRvdeloeba da am dros ruseTis eklesia,

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gverdis avliT, cdilobs iq rusi sasu-

liero pirebis damkvidrebas da amas amarTlebs mosaxleobis reli-

giuri moTxovnilebiT. iseT viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme, rom, rogorc

ruseTis saxelmwifo, aseve eklesia, sajarod aRiareben saqarTve-

los teritoriul mTlianobas, saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul

avtokefalias, magram sinamdvileSi piriqiT iqcevian. am Tvalsaz-

risiT rad Rirs Tundac is faqti, rom cxinvalis separatistuli

ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis aRlumze monawileobs ruseTis

vladikavkazis eparqiis winamZRoli?

ruseTis ̀ patriot mecnierTa“ wreebSi gaCnda mosazrebani axali

aTonis monastris ruseTis eklesiisaTvis dabrunebis aucileblobis

Sesaxeb. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da

unetaresi ilia II mkacrad gmobs yovelive amas. ruseTis patriarq

aleqsi II-sadmi gagzavnil werilSi igi aRniSnavs: `me miviRe sakmaod

ucnauri da gaugebari werili da aucileblad miviCnie, gamecno igi

TqvenTvis, miT umetes, rom igi ruseTisa da saqarTvelos avtoke-

faliuri eklesiebis urTierTobebs exeba.... upirveles yovlisa, gva-

ocebs, ratom erevian mecnierebi ori Zmuri avtokefaliuri eklesiis

urTierTobaSi? vin misca maT amis uflebamosileba? me ar vfiqrob,

rom es Tqvengan miecaT. mtkiceba axali aTonis monastris ruseTis

eklesiisaTvis dabrunebisa im motiviT, rom igi rusi ostatebis,

rusi xalxisa da ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis xarjebiT

aSenda, arasworia. me SemiZlia mravali magaliTi moviyvano imis

Taobaze, rom bevri qarTuli taZari da Senoba moskovSi, peterburg-

sa Tu ruseTis sxva qalaqebSi qarTveli mefeebisa da Tavadebis

mier aris aSenebuli; Cven rom dRes erTmaneTs msgavsi pretenzie-

52

bi wavuyenoT, es ar Seuwyobs xels Cveni xalxebisa da eklesiebis

megobrobas... garda amisa, minda SegaxsenoT, rom rodesac 1943 wels

ruseTis eklesiam aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqu-

lo eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia, saqarTveloSi arsebuli

yvela rusuli samwyso da monasteri saqarTvelos eklesiis iuris-

diqcias gadaeca“. patriarqma aseve mkacrad dagmo vladikavkazisa

da stavropolis mitropolit gedeonis mcdeloba `samxreT oseTis

xalxisaTvis sulieri daxmarebis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb“ da dasZina: ùp-

irveles yovlisa, meufe gedeonma unda icodes, rom yofili samx-

reT oseTis teritoria saqarTvelos uZvelesi teritoriaa, Tavisi

gancxadebiT igi mtrobas sTess ara mxolod qarTvelebsa da osebs,

aramed qarTvelebsa da rusebs Sorisac~..

samwuxarod, ruseTis eklesiam mkafio pasuxi ver gasca, Tu ra-

tom xdeba yovelive es, verc 1992 wlis oqtomberSi, rodesac uw-

midesma da unetaresma ilia II-m mimarTa ruseTis patriarq aleqsi

II-s da sTxova, gamoeyenebina Tavisi avtoriteti afxazeTSi datri-

alebuli sisxlisRvris SesaCereblad, da verc Semdgom.

ruseT-saqarTvelos politikuri urTierTobebis istoriaSi

yvelaze rTuli ar yofila arc amoucnobniSnebiani TviTmfrinave-

biT saqarTvelos mosazRvre teritoriebis permanentuli dabombva,

arc ekonomikuri blokada da arc ormagi standartebis politika,

bevrad ufro mZime da Seuracxmyofeli iyo 2006 wlis Semodgomaze

qarTvelTa damamcirebeli deportacia ruseTis sxvadasxva qalaqidan

da maTi devna eTnikuri niSnis mixedviT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ori

qveynis urTierToba saSiS zRvars gascda. am viTarebaSi ruseTis

sapatriarqos mier saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa

da unetaresi ilia II-s miwveva moskovSi marTlmadidebeli encik-

lopediis me-13 tomis prezentaciaze dasaswrebad, scildeboda en-

ciklopediis prezentaciis farglebs. viziti 2007 wlis 1-5 marts

Sedga. mravalricxovani qarTuli delegacia, romelsac patriarqi

xelmZRvanelobda, fiqrobda, msjelobda, rogori Sedegebi eqneboda am

vizits. yvela Relavda, mSvidad mxolod misi uwmidesoba iyo. man

53

pirvelsave oficialur Sexvedraze mkafiod ganacxada: `Cven Camoved-

iT friad sapasuxismgeblo dros, rodesac ruseTsa da saqarTvelos

Soris urTierTobebi sagrZnoblad garTulda... vimedovnebT, rom es

urTierTobebi uaxloes momavalSi gaumjobesdeba da mivxvdebiT, rom

mezobel saxelmwifoebs Soris urTierTobebi unda iyos stabilu-

ri da megobruli. Cven erTmaneTs vWirdebiT. arsebobs SesaniSnavi

brZnuli gamonaTqvami: diliT, amomaval mzeze adre xedav mezobels...

ruseTs unda sWirdebodes erTiani, megobruli saqarTvelo.~

patriarqma 4 marts moskovis macxovris sakaTedro taZarSi,

uwmides aleqsi II-sTan erToblivi RvTismsaxurebis Semdeg, mTeli

msoflios gasagonad ganacxada: `problemebi, romlebic warmoiSvnen

afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi, RvTis madliT, gadawydeba qa-

rTuli saxelmwifos, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis wiaRSi, xolo arCevnebi, romelic dRes tardeba afxazeTSi,

saidanac 300 aTasi mkvidri mcxovrebi gamoZevebulia, ar SeiZleba

CaiTvalos legitimurad~. 2008 wlis agvistos movlenebis Sem-

deg, rodesac ruseTis federaciis regularuli samxedro nawilebi

SemoiWrnen saqarTvelos teritoriaze da moaxdines Cveni teri-

toriis 20 procentis okupacia, ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris

gawyda diplomatiuri urTierToba... 2008 wlis dekemberSi gar-

daicvala ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi aleqsi II. rTuli iyo am

gadawyvetilebis miReba, magram uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m

moskovSi pativi miago gardacvlili patriarqis xsovnas. gamgza-

vrebamde man aRniSna: `Cven SesaZlebelia Sexvedra gvqondes ruse-

Tis xelisuflebasTan. Cveni viziti aRemateba im misias, risTvisac

ruseTSi mivdivarT. me maT mTeli Cveni eris saxeliT minda vuTxra,

rom qarTveli eri verasodes Seurigdeba imas, rom afxazeTi da cx-

invali iyos saqarTvelos gareSe.~ ilia II moskovSi Sexvda ruseTis

prezident dimitri medvedevs. Zneli da rTuli iyo es Sexvedra, sa-

saubro Temebi, magram aucilebeli. 2009 wlis seqtemberSi ruseTis

eklesiis wmida sinodma e. w. afxazeTis eklesiis Txovnaze, mieRo is

ruseTis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, oficialurad uariT upasuxa da

54

ganmarta, rom afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTze aRiarebs saqarTvelos

eklesiis kanonikur uflebas.

2010 wlis 21 dekembers saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siis wmida sinodma miiRo gadawyvetileba cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis

uSualod kaTolikos-patriarqisaTvis daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaur-

ma kidev erTxel dagvanaxa, rom politika rTuli xelovnebaa, ma-

gram, rogorc azvirTebul okeaneSi gemis brZen winamZRols SeuZlia

misi samSvidoboze gayvana, mis uwmidesobas Seswevs Zala urTules

diplomatiur labirinTebSi mSvidad gaiaros da Tavisi qveynisa da

dedaeklesiis interesebi daicvas udidesi taqtiTa da RirsebiT.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia msof-

lio sapatriarqosTan urTierTobas yovelTvis gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas aniWebda. 1991 wlis 29 aprils TurqeTis xe-

lisuflebam stambolis meris moadgilis meSveobiT gamoiZaxa

msoflio patriarqi dimitriosi da mouwyo dakiTxva. TurqeTis

xelisufleba XV saukunidan ar cnobs msoflio sapatriarqos

da konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqebs adgilobrivi ber-

Znuli Temis eklesiis meTaurebs uwodebs. sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqma TurqeTis prezident Turgut ozalisadmi

gagzavnil werilSi xma aRimaRla msoflio sapatriarqos pativi-

sa da Rirsebis dasacavad, dagmo msoflio patriarqis dakiTxvis

faqti da gamoTqva rwmena, rom msgavsi incidenti ar ganmeor-

deboda. uwmidesma da unetaresma gaamxneva msoflio patriarqi.

`saqarTvelos sapatriarqo mudam TqvenTan iqneba~, – ganucxada

mas uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m. es moxda im dros, rode-

sac demokratiuli msoflios religiur konfesiaTa liderebi

TurqeTis xelisuflebis ganawyenebas moeridnen da Seqmnil vi-

TarebaSi dumili amjobines. Tavis mxriv, msoflio sapatriarqom

mkacrad dagmo ruseTis imperiuli politika afxazeTsa da cxin-

valis regionSi da mouwoda ruseTis sapatriarqos, Tavi Seikavos

religiuri separatizmis mxardaWerisgan.

55

1994 wlis maisSi konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqi bar-

Tolomeos I patriarqis rangSi pirvelad ewvia saqarTvelos. qveya-

naSi Seqmnili rTuli socialur-politikuri viTarebis miuxedavad,

saqarTvelos eklesiam Rirseuli maspinZloba gauwia mas. 2003 wlis

19-24 seqtembers msoflio patriarqi barTolomeos I kvlav stum-

robda saqarTvelos. man imogzaura quTais-gaenaTis, xonis, baTumisa

da sxalTis eparqiebSi. moiloca qarTuli siwmideebi. samebis sakaT-

edro taZris daTvalierebis Semdeg uwmidesma barTolomeos I-ma

ganacxada: ès taZari iqneba didi warmateba Tqveni kaTolikos-pa-

triarqisa, romelsac bevri ram aqvs gakeTebuli, magram es iqneba

gvirgvini misi moRvaweobisa“.patriarqma barTolomeosma aRniSna, rom

`rac ufro meti problemebis winaSe dgas saqarTvelo, miT ufro

metad izrdeba xalxis rwmena da maTi mxurvale damokidebuleba

marTlmadideblobisadmi. es imas niSnavs, rom qarTveli xalxi prob-

lemebTan SesabrZoleblad Zalas iRebs Semoqmedi RmerTisgan.“

msoflio patriarqis miwveviT uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II ar-

aerTxel Cavida konstantinepolSi, ewvia istoriul kabadokias, moilo-

ca istoriuli saqarTvelos _ tao-klarjeTis _ eklesia-monastrebi,

gaamxneva TurqeTis respublikaSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba. 2011 wlis

seqtemberSi TurqeTis respublikis premier-minstrma erdoRanma gaa-

keTa gancxadeba TurqeTSi sxvadasxva religiuri denominaciebisaTvis

sakuTrebis dabrunebis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb. uwmidesma da unetares-

ma ilia II-m imave wlis 26 seqtembers sagangebo weriliT mimarTa

TurqeTis premier-ministrs: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, mogesalmebiT Rrma

pativiscemiT da mogmarTavT CvenTvis mniSvnelovani erTi sakiTxis

gamo. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos respublikis (1918-1921 ww.) an-

eqsiis Semdeg saqarTvelos ar hqonda saSualeba Tavisi suverenuli

uflebebisa da erovnuli interesebis dacvisa. am periodSi sastikad

idevneboda saqarTvelos avtokefaluri eklesia da dapatimrebuli iyo

misi mmarTveli kaTolikos-patriarqi da episkoposebi. amitomacaa, rom

1930 wels, rodesac saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT da TurqeTis saxel-

mwifos kanonmdeblobiT ganisazRvra ramdenime denominaciis statusi,

56

maT Soris ver moxvda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia... say-

ovelTaod cnobilia, rom dRevandeli TurqeTis teritoriaze araerTi

uZvelesi eklesia-monasteria, romelic yovelTvis iyo saqarTvelos

eklesiis kanonikur iurisdiqciaSi. amJamad ki titulovani episko-

posebis daqvemdebarebaSi Sedis. es eklesia-monastrebi ar SeiZleba

iyos arc konstantinopolis sapatriarqosi, arc somxuri da arc sxva

romelime eklesiisa, radgan yvela niSniT es aris qarTuli kulturis

Zeglebi. gTxovT, uaxloes periodSi ganixiloT Cveni eklesiis samar-

Tliani Txovna TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli Zeglebis iuridiuli

statusisa da eklesia-monastrebis sakuTrebis Sesaxeb~. patriarqi 2011

wlis oqtomberSi stumrobda TurqeTis respublikas, konstantinopol-

Si Sexvda msoflio patriarqs barTolomeos I-s, monawileobda misi

intronizaciis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil sadResaswaulo RonisZie-

bebSi. ori uZvelesi eklesiis meTaurma imsjela marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis winaSe arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb.

2014 wlis 5-9 marts konstantinopolSi Sedga panorTodoqsuli

Sekreba, romlis muSaobaSi monawileobda saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesiis delegacia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxaz-

eTis mitropolitis ilia II-is xelmZRvanelobiT. panorTodoqsuli

krebis muSaobaSi monawileobda 13 adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis delegacia _ konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis,

ierusalimis, moskovis, saqarTvelos, serbeTis, rumineTis, bulgareTis,

kviprosis, eladis, albaneTis, poloneTis eklesiaTa meTaurebi.

saeklesio krebis monawileebs sityviT mimarTa uwmidesma da

unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolios-patriarqma ilia II-m.

man brZana: `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT guliTa-

dad mogesalmebiT marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebsa da war-

momadgenlebs da aRvniSnav, rom Cveni dRevandeli Sexvedra metad

mniSvnelovania, radganac man unda ganixilos sakiTxebi, romlebic

momavali didi krebis warmatebiT Catarebis winapirobad unda iqces.

ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia is SiSi, romelic arsebobs

57

mrevlis did nawilSi am saeklesio krebasTan dakavSirebiT da ma-

qsimaluri sifrTxiliTa da pasuxismgeblobiT unda movekidoT mis

momzadebas. Tumca xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom msoflio krebebis

mowveva xdeboda mwvaleblobisagan eklesiis dacvis da WeSmari-

ti swavlebis ganmtkicebis mizniT. es kreba ki sxva saxisaa, misi

mowvevis safuZveli da mizezi sul sxva aris.

didi krebis mizania, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas aCvenos marTl-

madidebelTa erToba. amitomac aucilebel pirobad migvaCnia, es

Sekreba Catardes mxolod mas Semdeg, roca moxdeba dRis wesrigSi

arsebul yvela sakiTxze konsensusis (yvelas Tanxmobis) miRweva da

yvelas interesis gaTvaliswineba. amasTan, konsensusis wesiT unda

warimarTos mTavari Sexvedrac. es aris realuri garantia imisa, rom

aRniSnuli kreba ar iqces eklesiaTa Soris urTierTobis daZabvis

mizezad da damabrkoleblad msoflios winaSe.

veTanxmebiT im azrs, rom saWiroa ukve gavlili da SeTanxmebuli

Temebis nawilis xelaxla ganxilvac, raTa, Tanamedrove mdgomareobis

gaTvaliswinebiT, kidev erTxel davafiqsiroT Cveni pozicia. amasTan,

aTive sakiTxi, rac SemuSavda mosamzadebel Sexvedrebze da romelTa

Sesaxebac gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli 1968 wels JenevaSi gamar-

Tul sxdomaze, momavali krebis dRis wesrigSi unda Sevides.

minda aRvniSno uSualod saqarTvelos eklesiasTan dakavSirebu-

li Temebis Sesaxebac:

friad vwuxvarT imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

eklesias jer kidev Tavisi kuTvnili adgili ar ukavia konstanti-

nopolis eklesiis diptiqSi. Tu es ar gamoswordeba da yvela Tema

ar iqneba Setanili momavali krebis gansaxilvel sakiTxTa dRis

wesrigSi, CvenTvis masSi monawileobis miReba Zalian rTuli iqneba.

mogexsenebaT isic, rom Cveni qveynis teritoriuli mTlianoba

darRveulia da afxazeTi da cxinvalis regioni aris Ria Wrilobe-

bi saqarTvelos sxeulze. irRveva saeklesio kanonikuri normebic,

rodesac sxvadasxva eklesiis warmomadgenlebi CvenTan SeuTanxmeb-

lad da Cveni nebarTvis gareSe Cadian afxazeTis eparqiaSi, romelic,

58

cxinvalis regionTan erTad, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesi-

is iurisdiqciis ganuyofeli nawilia. me ar SemiZlia Tqven winaSe

ar davafiqsiro is faqti, rom saqarTvelos am orive eparqiidan

370000-ze meti devnili da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria, rom-

lebic dRes Zalian mZime gamowvevebis winaSe imyofebian; problemu-

ria adgilze darCenilTa mdgomareobac.

dabolos, aRvniSnav, rom oc welze metia Cvens qveyanaSi rTuli

viTarebaa, ZmaTa Soris dapirispirebis mZime Sedegebi sakuTar Tavze

gvaqvs gamocdili, amitomac mtkivneulad ganvicdiT dRes siriasa

da ukrainaSi mimdinare movlenebs da vloculobT, rom mSvidobam

daisadguros am qveynebSi.

kidev erTxel mogesalmebiT yvelas da SevTxov ufals, Cveni 6-9

martis Tavyriloba imedis momcemi da nayofieri iyos.~

yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos I-is azriT, adgilobrivi marTlma-

didebeli eklesiebis mWidro TanamSromloba iqneba kargi safuZveli

da `seriozuli Zalisxmeva marTlmadideblur samyaroSi erTianobis

misaRwevad~. patriarqi barTolomeosi aucileblad miiCnevs panorT-

odoqsuli krebis Catarebis daCqarebas. man adgilobriv eklesiebs,

mowvevasTan erTad, winaswar amcno im sakiTxTa CamonaTvali, romleb-

zec unda SeTanxmdnen morig panorTodoqsul saeklesio krebaze. esaa

aTi punqtisgan Semdgari programa:

1. marTlmadidebluri diaspora: saxelmwifo sazRvrebs gareT

arsebuli marTlmadidebluri iurisdiqciis gansazRvrebis

sakiTxi.

2. eklesiis avtokefaliis statusis aRiarebis procedurebi.

3. eklesiis avtonomiis statusis aRiarebis procedurebi.

4. diptiqi: marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis kanonikuri urTier-

TaRiarebis wesebi.

5. dResaswaulebis aRniSvnis saerTo-saeklesio kalendari.

6. qorwinebis saidumlos aRsrulebis wesebi da SezRudvebi.

7. marxvis sakiTxi Tanamedrove msoflioSi.

8. kavSiri sxva qristianul konfesiebTan.

59

9. ekumenuri moZraoba.

10. marTlmadidebeli qristianobis wvlili mSvidobis, Zmobisa

da Tavisuflebis qristianuli idealebis damyarebis saqmeSi.

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisa da aleqsandriis sapatri-

arqos urTierTobebi 1917-1970-ian wlebSi mxolod saaxalwlo,

saaRdgomo da saSobao milocvebiT Semoifargleboda. aleqsandriis

uZveles eklesiasTan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis daaxloebis procesi daiwyo 1976 wlidan, rodesac ale-

qsandriis papi da patriarqi nikoloz VI soxumSi Sexvda saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis

Tavmjdomares, cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias. mitropolitma

iliam didi STabeWdileba moaxdina aleqsandriis patriarqze. 1981

wlis 20-31 ivliss aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis papi da pa-

triarqi oficialuri vizitiT estumra saqarTvelos. uwmidesma da

unetaresma aleqsandriis patriarqTan erTad moiloca saqarTvelos

moqmedi eklesia-monastrebi. uwmidesi nikoloz VI saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurs dahpirda mxardaW-

eras saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis

saqmeSi. im dros, rodesac qarTveli swavlulebisaTvis sazRvarga-

reTul qarTul samonastro centrebSi muSaoba auxdeneli ocneba

iyo, aleqsandriis patriarqma ganacxda: `didi siamovnebiT miviReb

Tqven mier movlinebul qarTvel mecnierebs, romlebic aleqsandriisa

da kairos samonastro biblioTekebSi dacul qarTul xelnawerebs

Seiswavlian da maT fotopirebs gadaiReben.“

darbazobaze unetaresma nikoloz VI-m ganacxada: ̀ kaTolikos-pa-

triarq ilia II-is saxe saSualebas maZlevs vTqva, rom dRes saqa-

rTvelos eklesiaSi batonobs sibrZne, siyvaruli da Zliereba. igi

Zalze energiulad uZRveba eklesiis saWes da RvTis Svilebi uflis

mier dakanonebuli gziT mihyavs.“

1984 wlis 18–30 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II ofi-

cialuri vizitiT estumra aleqsandriis sapatriarqos, daaTvaliera

adgilobrivi siwmideni, moiloca wmida ekaterines monasteri sinas

60

mTaze, daaTvaliera monastris unikaluri biblioTeka, sadac qar-

Tuli xelnaweri wignebic aris daculi. uwmidesma da unetaresma

ilia II-m madloba gadauxada aleqsandriis patriarqs da aRniSna:

`Cvens xalxebs didi niWi mohmadla ufalma, amitomac ufro mZime

iyo da aris jvari Cveni erebisa; TiTqos saqristianos sazRvrebis

darajad daadgina ufalma isini, amitomac arian umetesad gvemulni

da jvarcmulni, magram, RvTis SewevniT, kvlavac mkvdreTiT aRmdgarni

da amaRlebulni.“

aleqsandriis uZveles sapatriarqosa da saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebel samociqulo eklesias Soris guliTadi, megobruli

urTierToba damyarda. aleqsandriis papma da patriarqma nikoloz

VI-m gansakuTrebiT Seiyvara saqarTvelo. 1981 wlidan moyolebu-

li, igi yovel zafxuls Camodioda saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelosak-

en misi aseTi ltolva axlobelTa gaocebasac iwvevda. uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II qarTuli stumar-maspinZlobis wesis dacviT

xvdeboda sasurvel stumars. uwmidesi nikoloz VI-is pozici-

am gadamwyveti roli Seasrula saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis saqme-

Si. 1984 wlis zafxulSi unetaresma nikoloz VI-m am sityvebiT

mimarTa qarTvel mrevls: – me albaT, metad veRar SegvxvdebiT,

magram locvebiT mudam TqvenTan viqnebi.

aleqsandriis papi da patriarqi nikoloz VI 1984 wlis 9

ivliss gardaicvala. misi saqme ganagrZes unetaresma parTeniosma

da petre VII-m.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is mizani iyo yvela marTl-

madidebel eklesiasTan Zmuri, megobruli urTierTobis damyareba,

magram mTavari mainc pirveli oTxi sapatriarqo iyo: konstantinop-

olis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis. saqarTvelos samo-

ciqulo eklesia uZvelesi droidanve mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli

ierusalimisa da antioqiis eklesiebTan. V saukuneSi palestinaSi

moRvaweobda petre qarTveli, romelmac daaarsa qarTuli monasteri.

aqedan moyolebuli XIX saukunemde qarTvelebi mravlad iyvnen wmi-

61

da miwaze arsebul qarTul monastrebSi. vaxtang gorgaslis dros

ukve aSenda didi monasteri, romelic XI saukunis 30-50-ian wlebSi

ganuaxlebia jvris monastris saxeliT giorgi – proxore qarT-

vels. XIV saukuneSi qarTvelebi golgoTas flobdnen da macxovris

saflavis kliteni qarTvelTa sakuTreba iyo. istoriulma qartex-

ilebma qarTvelebis poziciebi Seasusta ierusalimSi, gansakuTre-

biT _ XIX saukuneSi, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis ruseTis

eklesiis daqvemdebarebaSi yofnis dros. saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis yoveli mcdeloba ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan urTier-

Tobis aRdgenisa XX saukunis 20–60–ian wlebSi uSedego aRmoCnda.

mxolod 1977 wlis Semdeg daiwyo ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan

intensiuri molaparakebebi. 1980 wlis 29 maisidan 5 ivnisamde misi

uwmidesoba, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ierusali-

mis patriarqis, benediqte I-is miwveviT ierusalimSi imyofeboda.

mTeli msoflio gaaoca im faqtma, rom qarTvel patriarqs aRtacebis

SeZaxilebiTa da cremlebiT Sexvdnen qarTveli ebraelebi, romlebic

gamoxatavdnen udides siyvarulsa da pativiscemas misi uwmidesobisa

da, misi saxiT, sruliad saqarTvelos mimarT. israelis religiis

saqmeTa ministrma uwmidesTan Sexvedraze ganacxada: – verc erTi

qveyana ver Seedreba saqarTvelos ebraelebTan Tbili, megobruli

urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT. saukuneTa manZilze am urTierTobebSi

ar yofila araviTari gaugebroba. madloba Tqven amisaTvis.

am oficialur Sexvedraze pirvelad daisva jvris monastris

dabrunebis sakiTxi. ierusalimis patriarq benediqtesTan Sexvedraze

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m ganacxada: `Cveni Camosvlis miza-

nia, aRdges is Zveli, tradiciuli urTierTobani, rac gvqonda adre.

warsulSi Cveni qveynebis avbediTobam Sewyvita es Zmuri urTierToba

da dRes ki, vfiqrob, dadga dro ierusalimis eklesiam Seasrulos is

didi misia, rac deda eklesias ekuTvnis.~ 300 wlis Semdeg es iyo

pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac wmida qalaq ierusalims saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri estumra.

1981 wlis 17-20 seqtembers saqarTveloSi oficialuri vizitiT

62

imyofeboda misi unetaresoba, wmidisa qalaqisa ierusalimis patri-

arqi diodoros I, romelmac ganacxada, rom ̀ es Sexvedra iyo istori-

uli imitom, rom pirvelad didi xnis Semdeg Cven, ori eklesiis mama-

mTavrebs kvlav mogveca erToblivi Tanamwirvelobis SesaZlebloba“.

qarTvelologiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda ierusalimis patri-

arqis dapirebas, romelic man k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa

institutSi stumrobisas akademikos elene metrevels misca, rom

igi instituts miawvdida jvris monasterSi daculi im qarTuli

xelnawerebis mikrofilmebs, romlebic aqamde ar iyo Seswavlili.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da ierusalim-

is sapatriarqos Soris aRdga istoriuli urTierTobani.

1987 wlis oqtomberSi uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kvlav

estumra wmida qalaq ierusalims. am vizitis dros msofliom Tval-

naTliv dainaxa qarTveli eris tolerantobisa da sxva erebisad-

mi sanimuSo pativiscemis nayofi. qarTveli ebraelebi kvlav didi

siyvaruliT Seegebnen sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs

_ didi xnis win Tbilisidan, quTaisidan, zestafonidan, onidan, ku-

laSidan wasuli ebraelebi modiodnen SvilebiT, SviliSvilebiT da

aRtacebulni ovaciebs umarTavdnen uwmidessa da unetaress. ieru-

salimis mTavarma Jurnalma statiaSi _ ̀ saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqis ilia II-is piligrimoba ierusalimSi“ _ ase daaxasiaTa

saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmyrobeli: `kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia

II aris gulRia, dinamiuri pirovneba. man saqarTvelos uZvelesi

eklesia, Tbilisi, rogorc sabWoTa kavSiris erT-erTi respublikis

centri, Zveli mcxeTa, rogorc sasuliero dedaqalaqi, axali ayvave-

bis gziT waiyvana. aRsrulda patriarqis survili, ierusalimSi ukve

qarTveli berebi da monazvnebi arian. RvTis SewevniT wmida miwaze

qarTvelebs aqvT adgili, sadac aSendeba monasteri. marTalia, jvris

monasteri jerjerobiT isev berZnebis xelSia, magram RvTis SewevniT

daubrundeba mis kanonier mflobels~. 2000 wels qristeSobis did

dResaswaulze misi uwmidesoba mravalricxovan mrevlTan erTad

kvlav CabrZanda ierusalimSi.

63

2012 wlis TebervalSi uwmidesi da unetaresi oficialuri

vizitiT imyofeboda wmida miwaze. vizitis farglebSi igi Sexvda

ierusalimis patriarqs unetares Teofiles, moiloca macxovris

saflavi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT Tbilisis

feriscvalebis monastris monazvnebma moamzades 5 metri sigr-

Zisa da 3,6 metri siganis oqromkediT naqargi gadasafarebeli,

romelzec gamosaxulia sicocxlis xe ebraeli eris 12 Sto-

Ti. SuaSi gvirgvins aqvs warwera dabitis fsalmunidan: ùfalma

mwysos eri Tvisi, ufalma akurTxos eri Tvisi mSvidobiT~. es

gadasafarebeli miarTves wm. mefe dabitis saflavs. uwmidesi

da unetaresi ili II Sexvda israelis prezidents, Simon peress,

palestinis prezidents mahmud abass, iordaniis mefes, israelSi

mcxovreb qarTvel ebraelebs; uwmidesma da unetaresma moiloca

qarTvelTa jvris monasteri. patriarqi Cavida mdinare iordaneSi.

26 Tebervals samebis sakaTedro taZarSi wirvis Semdeg ilia II-m

Seajama wmida miwaze vizitis Sedegebi da aRniSna: `wmida miwaze

aris udidesi siwmide, magram isic icodeT, rom, amasTan erTad,

aseve aris didi brZolebic. keTili da boroti gansakuTrebiT

wmida miwaze ibrZvis. Cven, garda amisa, rom moviloceT siwmideebi,

aseve gvqonda ramdenime Sexvedrac. upirveles yovlisa, viyaviT

macxovris yovladwminda saflavze. es momlocveloba iyo Cemi

meoTxed Casvla wmida miwaze da minda giTxraT, rom verc erTi

wina mogzauroba ver Seedreboda amas. ufali Zalian axlos iyo

saqarTvelosTan da me es SevigrZeni, magram amasTan erTad aseve

vigrZeni, ramdenad uRirsi varT yvelani, mTeli saqarTvelo, pira-

dad me da ramdenad didia mowyaleba uflisa. Cven sxva araferi

SegveZlo da SevTxoveT ufals, rom mudam CvenTan iyos, rogorc

brZanebs daviT winaswarmetyveli: ùfalo, Seni var, macxovne me!~

Sen ici, ufalo, ra gzebiT unda mataro, rom macxovno me! Cven

saqarTvelodan Sesawirad waviReT gadasafarebeli wmida mefe

daviT winaswarmetyvelis saflavisaTvis. es iyo raRac saoc-

ari zeimi, iseTi grZnoba dagveufla, TiTqos daviT mefec iRebda

64

monawileobas am zeimSi da daviT mefem Seiwira Cveni ZRveni, ro-

gorc udidesi saCuqari. saocreba iyo mdinare iordaneSi Casvla.

ufali idga Cven Soris da Cven SevediT da veziareT am madlsa

da wyalobas. saocari iyo aseve Cveni Sesvla ierusalimis jvris

monasterSi... Cven, qarTveli morwmuneni, imdeni viyaviT, rom xalxs

ver itevda monasteri. `qriste aRsdga~, _ vgalobdiT qarTvelebi.

amis Semyure iq myofni gaocebulni iyvnen. es iyo SeerTeba cisa

da qveynisa! WeSmaritad iq gamTlianda ca da qveyana~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiisaTvis

didmniSvnelovani movlena iyo antioqiis sapatriarqosTan istori-

uli urTierTobis aRdgena. saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg (IV-V ss.). qarTuli samwyso antio-

qiis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. antioqiis patriarqebs

Sua saukuneebSi pretenzia hqondaT qarTul samwysoze, magram XI

saukunis 50-ian wlebSi giorgi mTawmindelis dasabuTebuli pa-

suxis Semdeg, romelmac antioqiis patriarqs Seaxsena saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samociqulo warmomavloba, pretenziebi

Sewyda. XV-XIX saukuneebSi, mahmadianTa mZlavrobis xanaSi, antio-

qiis sapatriarqo, romelic bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda, umZimes vi-

TarebaSi aRmoCnda, Tumca sapatriarqom moaxerxa Tavis gadarCena da

aRmosavleTis (siria, libani) qristianuli centris funqcia Sein-

arCuna. marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris didi avtoritetis mqone

antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis patriarqi, unetaresi egnate

IV 1981 wlis oqtomberSi oficialuri vizitiT estumra saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias. uwmidesma da unetares-

ma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m sapatio

stumars daaTvalierebina Tbilisisa da mcxeTis RirsSesaniSnaobani,

Sesrulda erToblivi wirva. sazeimo miRebaze gamoiTqva rwmena, rom

urTierToba, romelic am or eklesias saukuneTa manZilze hqonda,

kidev ufro gaRrmavdeboda.

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m, rogorc saeklesio poli-

tikis udidesma mcodnem, yovelTvis kargad icoda, rom marTlma-

65

didebel msoflioSi eqvsi berZnuli sapatriarqo yvela mniSvnelo-

vani sakiTxis gadaWrisas gadamwyvet rols asrulebda. garda amisa,

sazRvargareT arsebuli qarTuli istoriuli samonastro centre-

bis umravlesoba am eqvsi sapatriarqos teritoriazea. amitom Cveni

eklesiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda megobruli urTierTobebis

gaRrmavebas aTenisa da sruliad eladis, kviprosis eklesiebTan.

jer kidev cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitobis dros, 1976 wlis 17–20

ivniss, igi iyo uSualo maspinZeli aTenisa da eladis eklesiaTa

mravalricxovani delegaciisa, romelSic 7 mitropoliti da 11 mR-

vdeli Sedioda. mitropolit ilias aseTi Canaweri aqvs gakeTebuli:

`pirvelad erTgvari eWvis TvaliT gviyurebdnen, igrZnoboda raRac

daZabuloba da undobloba berZnebis mxridan, Semdeg TiTqos galRva

yinuli... maT gamoTqves survili CvenTan TanamSromlobisa, moiTx-

oves studentebis gacvla. saqarTvelos eklesiam xelidan ar unda

gauSvas es momenti. studentebis gagzavniT mivaRwevT sam mizans: 1.

SeviZenT berZnuli enis specialistebs; 2. qarTuli eklesia maTi

meSveobiT ufro daukavSirdeba berZnul eklesias; 3. am studentebis

meSveobiT Cveni eklesia da qarTveli mecnierebi daukavSirdebian

aTonis iverTa monasters da iq dacul qarTul xelnawerebs“.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ZalisxmeviT eladis eklesiasTan

damyarda megobruli urTierToba. 2002 wels aTenisa da sruli-

ad eladis mTavarepiskoposi qristodulosi Camovida saqarTveloSi,

Sexvda mis uwmidesobas, wmida sinods, qarTvel mecnierebs, gamoxata

aRfrTovaneba saqarTveloSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis aRmavlobis

gamo da saqarTvelos eklesiasTan urTierTobis kidev ufro gaRr-

mavebis survili gamoTqva. man aRniSna: Cveni dRevandeli Tanamwir-

veloba aris umaRlesi gamoxatuleba moZme eklesiebis saWeTmpyro-

belTa erTianobisa da warmoadgens beWeds gaazrebuli, ormxrivi

siyvarulisa da urTierTrwmenisa.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis RvawliTa da

locva–kurTxeviT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo ekle-

sias sxvadasxva dros estumrnen bulgareTis patriarqi maqsime,

66

rumineTis patriarqi Teoqstite, Cexoslovakiis eklesiis meTauri

doroTeosi, varSavisa da poloneTis mitropoliti vasili, serbeTis

patriarqi pavle; amerikisa da kanadis marTlmadidebeli eklesi-

is meTaurebi: jer _ Teodosi, Semdeg _ hermane. uwmidesi da une-

taresi ilia I-c stumrobda msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesiebs,

xvdeboda ara marto eklesiaTa meTaurebs, aramed _ qveynis poli-

tikur liderebsac. misi uwmidesoba Tavis misasalmebel sityvas

yvelgan saqarTvelos istoriis, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

unikalurobisa da TavisTavadobis raobis axsniT iwyebda. gasuli

saukunis 70-90-ian wlebSi msofliom Zalian cota ram icoda saqa-

rTveloze, qarTvel xalxze. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samoci-

qulo eklesiis meTauri iyo qarTveli eris is sulieri winamZRoli,

romelsac msofliosaTvis unda gaecno yovelive es. am Sexvedrebma,

patriarqis saocarma pirovnulma xiblma msoflios marTlmadidebe-

li eklesiebis TvalSi kidev ufro aamaRla saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtoriteti. amitom iyo, rom 1990 wels, rodesac msoflio sapa-

triarqom aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ekle-

siis istoriuli avtokefalia, yvelam mxari dauWira da sagangebo

molocvebi gamougzavna mis uwmidesobas.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia isto-

riulad, qveynis geostrategiuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare, gan-

sakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda gansxvavebul religiur kon-

fesiebTan urTierTobas, romelic urTierTpativiscemis principebs

eyrdnoboda. Sua saukuneebSi monRolebis, iranelebisa da osmalebis

winaaRmdeg brZolaSi qarTveli mefeebi da kaTolikos-patriarqe-

bi cdilobdnen dasavleT evropis qveynebTan mokavSireobiT ganemt-

kicebinaT saxelmwifoebrioba da daecvaT marTlmadidebluri qris-

tianuli sarwmunoeba. am miznebs emsaxureboda qarTvel mefeTa da

kaTolikos-patriarqTa werilebi, gagzavnili romauli kaTolikuri

eklesiis meTaurebisadmi. romis kaTolikurma eklesiam isargebla

aRmosavleTis qveynebis mZime politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgo-

mareobiT da `propaganda de fides“ organizaciis meSveobiT aR-

67

mosavleTis qveynebSi, maT Soris _ saqarTveloSic, kaTolikobis

mqadageblebad gamogzavna misionerebi, romelnic cdilobdnen mosax-

leobis darwmunebas imaSi, rom Tu marTlmadideblobas datovebdnen

da gadavidodnen kaTolikobaze, romis papi daicavda maT iran-os-

maleTis Zalmomreobisagan. XV saukunis 30-ian wlebSi qarTvelma

sasuliero pirebma xeli ar moaweres ferara-florenciis krebis

oqms, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

kaTolikurTan gaerTianebas iTvaliswinebda.

bevri ubedureba gadaitana saqarTvelom XVI-XIX saukuneebSi:

masobrivi xocva-Jleta, eklesia-monastrebis rbeva, magram mtkiced

SeinarCuna marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba. XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi

iran-osmaleTis mier dapyrobil qarTul miwa-wyalze romis papis

mier gamogzavnilma misionerebma moaxerxes qarTvelTa mcire nawi-

lis kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze gadayvana... XIX saukuneSi somxebma,

ruseTis saimperatoro xelisuflebaSi TavianTi momxreebis meSveo-

biT, imperator nikoloz II-s gamoacemines kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac

qarTveli kaTolikeebi somxeTis monofizituri eklesiis iurisdiq-

ciaSi unda gadasuliyvnen, e.i. gasomxebuliyvnen. am viTarebaSi qa-

rTveli marTlmadideblebi gamoesarClnen istoriuli Znelbedobis

Jams sarwmunoebaSecvlil TanamoZmeebs. es dava gagrZelda XX sauku-

nis pirvel meoTxedSic. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg uwmidesma da unetaresma,

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqma kirion II-m werili

gaugzavna romis paps. `gangebaman RmrTisaman, – aRniSnavda uwmidesi

kirion II, _ ara ucxo qmna eklesiai Cueni hromTaTvis didisa, petre

da andria pirvelwodebulTa, maT mowafeTa qristeisaTa, romelTa

Tesli ubiwod ganabnies, marTalsa sarwmunoebisai ars siyvaruli da

Tvisobai orTa amaT eklesiisTai.~uwmidesi kirion II esarCleboda

qarTvel kaTolikeebs, romelnic idevnebodnen rusul-somxuri poli-

tikis gamo sakuTar samSobloSi. `vsasoeb, viTarmed uwmidesobai

Seni ara ugulebelyofs qarTvel kaTolikeTa erovnul-sarwmunoe-

briv xasiaTs~, _ werda misi uwmidesoba. marTlmadidebeli qarTveli

68

patriarqi gamoesaCrla ra kaTolikuri aRmsareblobis qarTvelebs,

romis paps megobroba da TanamSromloba SesTavaza.

saqarTvelosa da romaul-kaTolikur eklesiaTa Soris urT-

ierToba epistolur formas ar gascilebia 1917-1977 wlebSi. 1978

wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sagareo

ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare, cxum-afxazeTis mTavarepiskoposi ni-

kolozi (maxaraZe) eswreboda romis papis pavle II-is dakrZal-

vas, xolo 1980 wlis 5-6 ivniss uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II oficialuri vizitiT

imyofeboda vatikanSi, sadac Sexvda romis paps. Uuwmidesisa da un-

etaresis CanawerebSi vkiTxulobT: `papi ioane pavle II Semxvda

karebTan. gadavexvieT erTmaneTs, qarTulad mivmarTe: `qarTveli eri-

sa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT

guliTadad mogesalmebiT. saqarTvelos eklesia didi sixaruliTa

da kmayofilebiT Sexvda im faqts, rom papi polonelia, mcire eris

warmomadgeneli. igi ufro gaigebs mcire erebis problemebs Tana-

medrove msoflioSi~. papi yuradRebiT mismenda (Tarjimani Targmni-

da), Semdeg sxva magidasTan mivida, saidanac moitana rukebis atlasi,

gadaSala evropis ruka, sadac saqarTveloc Canda. daxeda da mere

mommarTa: Cveni qveynebi Zalian hgvanan erTmaneTs Tavisi warsuliT.

moxaza saqarTvelo da Tqva: samxreTiT Zlieri muslimanuri qveynebia.

me davumate: maTgan bevri gansacdeli gvinaxavs. paps ainteresebda

eklesiisa da xelisuflebis, konstantinopolisa da ruseTis sapa-

triarqosTan urTierTobis sakiTxebi.~

saqarTvelos eklesiis delegaciam daaTvaliera vatikanis bib-

lioTeka, papis piradi samlocvelo, vatikanis RirsSesaniSnaobani.

gadawyda, rom qarTveli mecnierebi daeSvaT vatikanis arqivebSi qa-

rTul dokumentebze samuSaod. romis papma mis uwmidesobas gadasca

vatikanis arqivebSi daculi im sabuTebis mikrofilmebi, romlebic

saqarTvelos istorias exeboda. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m

ganacxada: Cveni eklesiebis gayofis miuxedavad, yovelTvis gvqonda

kulturuli da mecnieruli TanamSromloba, saqarTvelos eklesia

69

da qarTveli xalxia is didi xidi, romelic aerTianebda evropisa

da aziis or did kulturas.

gamarTlda uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is mosazreba. po-

lonuri warmoSobis axalma papma didi roli Seasrula aRmosav-

leT evropis qveynebSi komunisturi ideologiisa da socialisturi

sistemis rRvevis saqmeSi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damou-

kideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg TbilisSi gaixsna vatikanis saelCo,

kavkasiaSi romaul-kaTolikuri eklesiis saepiskoposo.

1999 wels saqarTvelos prezidentisa da patriarqis mowveviT

saqarTveloSi oficialuri vizitiT Camovida romis papi. uwmidesma

da unetaresma ilia II-m Tbilisis aeroportSi romis papTan Sex-

vedris dros ganacxada, rom es viziti didi mniSvnelobisaa rogorc

saqarTvelosaTvis, ise mTlianad kavkasiisaTvis. uwmidesma da un-

etaresma ilia II-m da romis papma ioane pavle II-m SeimuSaves

erToblivi mimarTva, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo: `Cven vimyofebiT

kavkasiis regionSi, saqarTveloSi, am gansakuTrebuli geopoli-

tikuri da istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone regionSi, romelic

aerTianebs evropisa da aziis, dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis kul-

turebs. dRes am regionSi, iseve rogorc msoflios sxvadasxva

qveyanaSi, situacia metad daZabulia. am umniSvnelovanes etapze

msoflio valdebulia moaxdinos Tavisi sulieri, inteleqtual-

uri da fizikuri Zalebis mobilizeba globaluri katastrofis

Tavidan asacileblad. romis eklesiasa da saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebel samociqulo eklesiebs Soris urTierToba ZiriTadad

politikur, kulturul sferoSi viTardeba~.

miuxedavad amgvari urTierTobisa, 2003 wlis 15 seqtembers

vatikanma, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

gverdis avliT, moindoma qarTul saxelmwifosTan gansakuTrebuli

xelSekrulebis gaformeba, romelic 27 muxlisgan Sedgeboda da

saqarTveloSi kaTolikuri eklesiis uflebebis gafarToebisaken

iyo mimarTuli. saqarTvelos sapatriarqom specialuri gancxadebiT

gaaprotesta es faqti da aRniSna, rom vatikans aseTi xelSekruleba

70

arc erT marTlmadideblur saxelmwifosTan ara aqvs gaformebuli.

xalxi quCaSi gamovida, xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda, xelSekrule-

ba aRar gaeformebina. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesia pativs scems im mcirericxovan qarTvel TanamemamuleTa

religiur grZnobebs, romelTa winaprebic istoriuli Znelbedobis

Jams kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze gadavidnen, magram arasodes daxu-

Wavs Tvals romaul-kaTolikuri eklesiis warmomadgenelTa aqti-

uri prozelitizmis politikaze da moTminebiT Seaxsenebs Tavis

Tanamemamuleebs, rom Znelbedoba iyo maTi winaprebis kaTolikoba-

ze gadasvlis mizezi. erTiani qarTuli erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi

cnobierebis safuZveli saqarTveloSi yovelTvis iyo marTlmadide-

bluri sarwmunoeba da eklesia.

mravalsaukunovania qarTveli da somexi xalxebis urTierToba.

am urTierTobebSi negatiurs pozitiuri sWarbobs. VII saukunis

dasawyisidan qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris moxda evqaris-

tuli kavSiris gawyveta, vinaidan somxurma eklesiam ar miiRo 451

wlis qalkedonis saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebani; miuxedavad

amisa, qarTveli da somexi xalxi erTad ibrZoda arabi, Turq-selCu-

ki, monRoli, iraneli da osmalo dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg. Sua

saukuneebSi qarTuli saxelmwifo da qarTveli mefeebi _ bagrat IV,

daviT IV, giorgi III, Tamari, giorgi brwyinvale, aleqsandre I, vaxtang

V, vaxtang VI, erekle II, Teimuraz II _ yovelnairad exmarebodnen

mtrebisgan Seviwroebul somxebs, romlebic tovebdnen TavianT samS-

oblos da saqarTvelos afarebdnen Tavs. Tu XVI–XVIII saukuneebSi

irani da osmaleTi marTlmadidebel qristianebs sastikad sdevnida,

samagierod, srul Tavisulebas aZlevda kaTolikeebsa da monofizit

somxebs, riTac isargebles eCmiaZinis somexTa kaTolikosebma da dai-

wyes religiuri eqspansia saqarTveloSi. maT aq miiTvises mravali

eklesia-monasteri da gadaakeTes isini somxur yaidaze.

XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi qarTvelTa gasomxeba ZiriTadad osmalTa

mier okupirebul qarTul teritoriebze xdeboda. XIX saukuneSi ka-

vkasiaSi damkvidrebul ruseTs yvelaze saimedo dasayrdenad somxebi

71

miaCnda da xels uwyobda qarTveli mahmadianebis TavianTi miwa-wyl-

idan gaZevebis xarjze TurqeTidan somxebis gadmosaxlebas (ZiriTa-

dad samcxe-javaxeTSi). XIX saukuneSi ori somxuri sakaTolikoso

(eCmiaZinisa da kilikiis) da ori somxuri sapatriarqo (ierusali-

misa da konstantinopolis) didi somxeTis aRdgenis ideiT iyo

gatacebuli. Tu es ver moxerxdeboda osmaleTis imperiis xarjze,

maSin saqarTvelos axal somxeTad gadaqceva iyo ganzraxuli.

amitom XIX saukuneSi kavkasiis centrad gamocxadebul Tbilis-

Si datrialda somxuri kapitali, gaaqtiurda mravalricxovani

somxuri diaspora. maT isargebles saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoke-

faliis gauqmebiTa da rusi egzarqosebis xelSewyobiT da kidev

ufro gaaZlieres religiuri eqspansia, qarTvelTa gasomxeba. amis

winaaRmdeg xma aimaRles episkoposma kirionma, ivane gvaramaZem, mix-

eil TamaraSvilma, ilia WavWavaZem, akaki wereTelma, iakob gogebaSv-

ilma, vaJa-fSavelam... miuxedavad amisa, qarTvelobam mainc gauwoda

daxmarebis xeli somxebs 1914-1918 wlebis pirveli msoflio

omis dros osmaleTSi datrialebuli masobrivi xocva-Jletisas

da aTasobiT ltolvili Seifara...

1917 wlis 25 seqtembers TbilisSi yovelTa somexTa kaTo-

likosis gevorq V-is (Tbilelis) depeSa movida. igi uwmidessa

da unetares kirion II-s ulocavda kaTolikos-patriarqad arCevas.

saqarTvelos eklesia Tvlida, rom, konfesiuri sxvaobis miuxedavad,

somxur samociqulo eklesiasTan normaluri urTierToba aucile-

beli iyo. uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion II-m weriliT mimarTa

yovelTa somexTa kaTolikos gevorq V-s. es werili, erTi mxriv,

daxvewili diplomatiisa da meore mxriv, marTlmadidebeli patri-

arqis aramarTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurisadmi damokidebulebis

brwyinvale nimuSia. uwmidesi kirion II werda: ̀ mimovixilav garemosa

Cemsa da TvalTa gonebisa Cemisa Sevayeneb RvTismoSiSsa ersa zeda

haikanisasa Zmuri naTesaobiT qarTlosian-haosianTa... mogikiTxav, uw-

mideso meufeo, raTa wrfiTa da RvawliTa CueniTa aRdgenil iqnas

erToba Cvendami rwmunebulTa erTa. erTobas vityvi ara sarwmunoe-

72

briv–dogmatursa, aramed moqalaqeobriv-ganmanaTleblobisasa, raTa

daemyaros Cuen Soris Zmobai da urTierTs gulisxmavyoT. da raiTa

samSoblos Sina Cuenisa daamkvidros sasufeveli RmrTisai.~

1922 wels TbilisSi Camovida aq dabadebuli da Tbilisis ners-

esis saxelobis somxuri seminariis yofili studenti kaTolikosi

gevorq V. igi Sexvda da qarTul enaze esaubra uwmidessa da une-

tares ambrosis. 1923-1940-ian wlebSi qarTul-somxuri saeklesio

urTierToba epistoluri xasiaTisa iyo. 1945 wlidan intensiuri

gaxda urTierTobebi uwmides kalistratesa da Tbilisis somxuri

eparqiis yofil episkoposs, imxanad yovelTa somexTa kaTolikos

gevorq VI-s Soris. somxuri eklesiis axali meTauri kaTolikosi

vazgen I xSirad stumrobda saqarTvelos. gasaocari iyo misi in-

tuicia da diplomatiuri niWi. ukve 1962 wlidan igi saaxalwlod

misaloc baraTebs ugzavnida jer iRumen, Semdeg arqimandrit, Semdeg

ki mRvdelmTavar ilia SiolaSvils. vazgen I 1961 wels pirvelad

Sexvda arqimandrit ilias da ganWvrita misi didi momavali. 1977

wlis 25 dekembers kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma mcxeTaSi ganacxada: `qa-

rTuli eklesia msoflios erT-erTi yvelaze unikaluri Zeglia...

Zegli, romelic qarTveli eris suls ganasaxierebs. me mwams am su-

lis ukvdaveba, rogorc mwams ukvdaveba TviT qarTveli erisa.~

1978 wlis 12_14 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II somx-

eTs stumrobda. eCmiaZinSi kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma Tavis xalxs

Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa: `CvenTan imyofeba uwmidesi da unetaresi,

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II. unda aRiniS-

nos, rom igi axali arCeulia patriarqad. am umaRlesi da uwmidesi

msaxurebisaTvis sagrZnoblad axalgazrdaa, mxne, jan-RoniT savse da,

rac mTavaria, didi codniTa da gamocdilebiT SeiaraRebuli... Tavis

samSobloSi mas yurs ugdeben, misi swamT, misi sjeraT, mas afaseben.

aseTi didi siyvaruli Tavisi erisa bevrs ar ergeba wilad. es man

didi sulieri simaRliT moipova~. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia

II-m madloba moaxsena somexTa kaTolikoss da uTxra, rom is, rac XII

saukuneSi daviT aRmaSenebelma gaakeTa saqarTvelosaTvis, is Tqven

73

somxeTis eklesiaSi XX saukunis 50-70-ian wlebSi SeZeliTo.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II amis Semdeg bevrjer estumra

somxeTs iseve, rogorc kaTolikosi vazgen I stumrobda saqarTve-

los.

1978 wlis noemberSi libanis dedaqalaq beiruTSi, sadac so-

mexTa meore religiuri centri, kilikiis somexTa sakaTolikosoa,

mahmadianma teroristebma somxebis masobrivi xocva-Jleta moawyves.

misma uwmidesobam oficialur gancxadebaSi dagmo es vandaluri

aqti da somex xalxs sruli mxardaWera gamoucxada: `Cven, qarT-

velebi, – aRniSna man, – istoriis dasabamidan vcxovrobT uZvelesi

kulturisa da tradiciis mqone somexi xalxis mezoblad. am xnis

manZilze erTad gadagvitania mravali gansacdeli, mterTa Semoseva

da sxva bedukuRmarTobani, da ar SegviZlia gulgrili davrCeT maT

TanamemamuleTa tragediis mimarT~.

patriarqis am gancxadebam saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi somxebis

didi kmayofileba gamoiwvia. amis dasturi iyo axalqalaqeli x.

ovsepianis gamoxmaureba: `vbedav da mogaxsenebT udides madlobas

Tqven, saqarTvelos didebul kaTolikos-patriarqs. somexi xalxi

arasodes ar daiviwyebs Tqvens maRaladamianuri da moqalaqeobrivi

siyvaruliT savse TanagrZnobas~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II gamoesarCla eCmiaZinis saka-

Tolikosos 1980 wels, rodesac sazRvargareTeli somexi kaTo-

likeni lanZRavdnen da amcrobdnen mis mniSvnelobas. yovelive

amas kargad xedavda kaTolikosi vazgen I da cdilobda, saqarTve-

los samociqulo eklesiasTan urTierTobaSi daecva taqti da yo-

filiyo misi pativismcemeli. uwmidesma ilia II-m saTanado pativi

miago kaTolikos vazgen I-is xsovnas 1994 wels eCmiaZinSi da

sagulisxmo sityva warmoTqva: `didia mwuxareba somxeTis samoci-

qulo eklesiisa da somexi xalxisa, igi emSvidobeba Tavis Rir-

seul da brZen mamamTavars, romelic 39 wlis manZilze, urTules

pirobebSi, iyo saWeTmpyrobeli eCmiaZinis uZvelesi sakaTolikoso

taxtisa... im dros, rodesac SezRuduli iyo kavSiri ucxoeTTan,

74

man moaxerxa urTierToba daemyarebina iq myof samwysosTan, gaeRr-

mavebina maTSi samSoblos siyvaruli, gaemTlianebina eri... SevTxov

ufals, raTa misi ukvdavi suli daawesos im savaneSi, romelSic

somexi xalxis didebuli winaparni ganisveneben~.

kaTolikos vazgen I-is gza ganagrZo kilikiuri warmoSobis

axalma kaTolikosma garegin I-ma, romelmac 1997 wels imogzaura

saqarTveloSi, moixibla Cveni qveyniT, misi didebuli taZrebiT, isto-

riiT. samwuxarod, igi male gardaicvala. amis Semdeg somxur ekle-

siaSi gaZlierda tendencia qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis miTvisebis,

istoriis falsifikaciisa. somxuri sakaTolikosos xelSewyobiT,

erevanSi gamodis ruka-cnobarebi, samecniero wignebi, romlebSic gay-

albebulia saqarTvelos istoria, somxuradaa gamocxadebuli 650-

ze meti qarTuli eklesia. somxur saeklesio internet-saitebze

vrceldeba iseTi informaciebi, romlebic xels ar uwyobs ori me-

zobeli xalxisa da eklesiis megobrul urTierTobas.

qarTul-somxuri urTierTobebi iyo ganxilvis mTavari Temebi

2011 wlis ivnisSi saqarTveloSi yovelTa somexTa umaRlesi pa-

triarq-kaTolikosis, garegin II-is oficialuri vizitis dros. ilia

II-m somxeT-saqarTvelos sazRvrispira sofel sadaxloSi garegin

II-sTan Sexvedrisas ganacxada: ìmedi maqvs, rom Tqveni viziti kidev

ufro ganamtkicebs qarTvel da somex xalxebs Soris urTierTo-

bebs~. Tavis mxriv, garegin II-m aRniSna: ̀ moxaruli var, rom saSualeba

momeca Camovsuliyavi saqarTveloSi. aq vimyofebi rogorc Tqveni

piradi mopatiJebiT, aseve somexTa Temis kerZo mowveviT. TqvenTan

erTad minda davloco Cveni erebi, Cveni STamomavloba. Cven unda

gavaZlieroT maTSi qristianobis siyvaruli, megobroba da aseve rw-

mena RvTisadmi~. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi oficialuri miRebisas

ilia II-m aRniSna: `didad vafaseb Tqvens istorias, kulturas, Tqvens

warsuls, gmirobas. roca uWirda somxeTs, uWirda saqarTvelos da

roca uWirda saqarTvelos, uWirda somxeTsac. amitom is Zmuri

urTierToba, romelic odiTganve arsebobda Cven Soris, kvlavac unda

gagrZeldes~. somexTa kaTolikosma oficialur Sexvedraze isaubra

75

saqarTvelos sulieri gabrwyinebisa da winsvlis Sesaxeb da mianiSna,

rom Cveni eklesia saqarTveloSi Tavisi mowodebis Sesrulebisas

garkveul siZneleebs ganicdiso. saqme exeboda somxuri eparqiis

iuridiul statuss, sadavo eklesiebis sakuTrebas. uwmidesma da

unetaresma ilia II-m pirdapir moaxsena stumars: ra statusic eqne-

ba sqarTvelos eklesias somxeTSi, igive statusi eqneba somxeTis

eklesias saqarTveloSi; rac Seexeba taZrebis sakiTxs: es moTxovne-

bi, romlebic arsebobs qarTvelebis mxridan somxeTisadmi da Tavis

mxriv, somxeTis pretenziebi saqarTvelos mimarT, samecniero do-

neze unda ganvixiloT. patriarqma stumrebs ganumarta: àr SeiZleba

urTierTobebsa da problemebze calmxrivad saubari. urTierToba

ormxrivi unda iyos. roca vsaubrobT ama Tu im eklesiis dabruneba-

ze, kargad unda dadgindes, Tu vis ekuTvnoda igi warsulSi... qarT-

velebsac gvaqvs Cveni moTxovnebi. imedi maqvs, rom Tqveni uwmidesoba

xels Segviwyobs Cveni eklesiebisa da monastrebis dabrunebaSi.

Cvens urTierTobebSi, romelic samagaliTo unda iyos, ar SeiZleba

arsebobdes mxolod calmxrivi moZraoba, interesebi ormxrivad unda

iyos gaTvaliswinebuli~.

saqarTvelos patriarqi Tavis gamosvlaSi gulisxmobda isto-

riul lore-taSiris raionSi, romelic 1921 wlamde saqarTvelos

kuTvnileba iyo, arsebul eklesia-monastrebs, maT Soris axtalis,

qobaieris, xainanis, axkerpis eklesiebs. somxuri mxare mzad iyo

am sakiTxebze damatebiTi konsultaciisaTvis, magram 2011 wlis 5

ivliss saqarTvelos parlamentis mier religiuri gaerTianebebis

Sesaxeb miRebuli kanonis Semdeg es sakiTxi, samwuxarod, ubralod

moixsna dRis wesrigidan, rogorc somxuri samociqulo eklesiis

pres-spikerma vahan meliqianma ganacxada, saqarTvelos parlamentis

mier miRebuli kanoni mosalodneli nabiji iyo... samwuxaroa, ma-

gram faqtia, amiT saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebam da

prezidentma arad Caagdes qarTveli erisa da misi sulieri winamZ-

Rolis mowodeba, saerTo-saxalxo ganxilvis Semdeg mieRoT religi-

uri gaerTianebis Sesaxeb kanoni.

76

qarTvel xalxs istoriulad axasiaTebs sjulSemwynarebloba da

tolerantoba. amis dasturia Tundac is, rom naxevarmilionian somx-

ur diasporas saqarTveloSi aqvs saxelmwifos mier dafinansebuli

skolebi, Teatri, presa, umaRles saswavlebelSi _ somxurenovani gan-

yofileba, somxuri eparqia. istoria ar gvapatiebs Cveni ori qveynisa

da xalxis urTierTobis garTulebas. Mmecnierebma, politikurma da

religiurma moRvaweebma unda gaviTvaliswinoT mravalsaukunovani

megobrobis gamocdileba da SevinarCunoT urTierTndoba da urT-

ierTpativiscema.

istoriulad saqarTvelo Tavis Tavs evropis nawilad miiCnev-

da da cdilobda, mWidrod dahkavSireboda evropul civilizacias.

miuxedavad imisa, rom religiur-konfesiuri TvalsazrisiT evropis

ganviTarebuli qveynebi _ inglisi, safrangeTi, germania, espaneTi, ita-

lia, portugalia _ sruliad gansxvavebulni iyvnen saqarTvelosagan,

monRolebis, iranisa da osmaleTis damangreveli laSqrobebis wi-

naaRmdeg brZolaSi saqarTvelos mainc evropis qveynebis daxmarebis

imedi hqonda. marTalia, XVI-XX saukuneebSi es daxmareba sityvi-

er mxardaWras ar gascilebia, magram saqarTvelos orientacia ar

Secvlila. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesia evropis qveynebTan kontaqtebs im dros axerxebda, rode-

sac sabWoTa kavSiri Caketili saxelmwifo iyo da sazRvargareTis

qveynebTan urTierToba _ sagrZnoblad SezRuduli.

1979 wlis 15 ianvars iamaikis dedaqalaq kingstonSi uwmidesi

da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia

II arCeul iqna eklesiaTa msoflio sabWos prezidentad. aman mas

saSualeba misca monawileoba mieRo msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis

politikur da religiur liderTa SexvedrebSi. uwmidesi da un-

etaresi yvelgan saubrobda saqarTveloze, mis istoriaze, uZveles

samociqulo eklesiaze. am SexvedrebiT man megobruli urTierTo-

ba daamyara msoflios marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri eklesiebis

meTaurebTan da moiwvia isini saqarTveloSi. am Sexvedrebma da pi-

77

radma kontaqtebma gadamwyveti roli Seasrules marTlmadidebel

eklesiaTa mier saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ekle-

siis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis saqmeSi. uwmidesi da un-

etaresi ilia II 1963-1997 wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis eklesiaTa msoflio sabWoSi wevrobis pe-

riods ase afasebs: `sabWoTa izolaciis dros eklesiaTa msoflio

sabWoSi yofnam Cvens eklesias saSualeba misca, rom igi msoflios

gaecno rogorc damoukidebeli eklesia. ase rom, eklesiaTa msof-

lio sabWoSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis yofna erTgvarad maTi

misioneruli moRvaweobis gagrZelebasac warmoadgenda.“

uwmidesi da unetaresi germaniis federaciul respublikaSi, sa-

frangeTSi, italiaSi, SveicariaSi, niderlandebSi, amerikis SeerTebul

StatebSi, inglisSi sxvadasxva dros Sexvda protestantuli, luT-

eranuli, anglikanuri eklesiebis meTaurebs, am qveynebis politikur

moRvaweebs, mecnierebis, xelovnebis warmomadgenlebs. misma Sexve-

drebma axali stimuli misca evropaSi qarTvelologiuri mecnier-

ebis ganviTarebas. evropis qveynebis politikuri da religiuri

liderebi aRtacebas ver faravdnen: maT winaSe manamde ucnobi qris-

tianuli aRmosavleTis didi civilizaciisa da uZvelesi marTl-

madidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri iyo. momxiblavi gareg-

noba, daxvewili manerebi, evropuli civilizaciisa da Tanamedrove

msoflio wesrigis zogadi principebis Rrma codna maT qarTuli

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurisadmi udidesi pa-

tiviscemiT ganawyobda.

uwmidesi da unetaresi stumrobda aziis qveynebsac. igi Sexvda

da saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia gaacno egviptis koptTa pa-

triarqs Senuda III-s, malabariis indoelTa monofizit patriarq-ka-

Tolikoss basil marToma maTe I-s, eTiopiis monofizit patriarqs

abuna Tekle-haimanots, siriel iakobistTa patriarqs mari iakob

III-s, aRmosavleTis monofizit patriarqs maqsime V-s. uwmidesma da

unetaresma qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobiT umaspinZla saqarTveloSi

sapasuxo vizitiT Camosul sxvadasxva qveynis religiur da politi-

78

kur liderebs, mecnierebis, xelovnebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebs.

saqarTvelos, qarTvelebis Sesaxeb sainformacio masalebs beWdavdnen

evropis, aziis, afrikis, amerikis qveynebis wamyvani gamocemebi.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II msoflioSi cnobili religiuri

lideria, mas dialogi SeuZlia ara marto aramarTlmadidebluri

qristianuli konfesiebis warmomadgenlebTan, aramed sxva aRmsare-

blobis adamianebTanac. amis dasturia kavkasiis muslimanTa lideris,

Seix alax Suqur faSa zadesa da uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is

megobruli urTierToba, romelic aisaxeba qarTveli da azerbaijan-

eli xalxebis megobrobaSi.

2001 wels iranis islamuri respublikis prezidentis muhamed

haTamis miwveviT uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II oficialuri vizitiT

imyofeboda iranSi, Sexvda prezident haTamsa da iranis islamuri

respublikis sulier liders ali hameines. patriarqma Semdegi si-

tyvebiT mimarTa maT: `me vfiqrob, rom Cveni qveynebis _ iranisa da

saqarTvelos _ religiuri liderebi da sasuliero moRvaweni, Cveni

xelisufalni da sazogadoeba mzad arian, raTa msoflios vuCvenoT

magaliTi imisa, rom religiuri gansxvavebulobisa da warsulSi da-

pirispirebis miuxedavad, Segvwevs unari urTierTpativiscemisa, unari

mSvidobiani da megobruli Tanaarsebobisa~.

miuxedavad imisa, rom patriarqi saocrad Semwynarebelia, igi

arafers ar Tmobs, rodesac saqme exeba samSoblosa da marTlma-

didebel eklesias. amis magaliTia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis msoflio eklesiaTa sabWosTan urTierTo-

ba. rodesac am organizaciam gansxvavebul konfesiaTa sxvadasxva

sferoSi TanamSromlobis SesaZleblobaTa ganxilva gadazarda er-

Tiani msoflio eklesiis Seqmnis mcdelobaSi, erToblivi locve-

bis Catarebis SesaZleblobasa da marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis

miuRebel gadawyvetilebebSi, 1997 wlis 20 maiss, uwmidesisa da

unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis loc-

va-kurTxeviTa da wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebelma samociqulo eklesiam uari Tqva ekumenur moZraobaSi

79

monawileobaze da gamovida eklesiaTa msoflio sabWodan. `saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia uars ambobs ekumenur

moZraobaSi monawileobaze da gamodis eklesiaTa msoflio sabWodan

da evropis eklesiaTa konferenciidan... marTlmadideblebi ar miiRe-

ben monawileobas ekumenur msaxurebaSi, saerTo locvebsa da RvTis

TayvaniscemaSi~.

patriarqis am gadawyvetilebas imxanad sxvadasxva Sefaseba mieca,

magram drom aCvena misi marTebuloba. Aam nabijiT Cvenma eklesiam

Tavidan aicila globalizaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tendenciebis

saeklesio sferoSi SeWra da daicva marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

siwminde.

Tavisi Tamami nabijebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-

ciqulo eklesia XX saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos

politikuri, sulieri da kulturuli cxovrebis centrSi aRmoCn-

da. oficialuri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi aRiarebdnen, rom

isini veRar axerxebdnen eklesiis saqmianobis srul kontrols,

mis garkveul CarCoebSi moqcevas. 1977-1990-ian wlebSi Tbiliss

stumrobdnen msoflios marTlmadidebeli da aramarTlmadidebeli

eklesiebis meTaurebi, politikuri moRvaweebi. isini xvdebodnen uw-

midessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos–patriarqs.

Tu 1923-1977-ian wlebSi TvalSi sacemi ar iyo is faqti, rom sapa-

triarqo rezidencia sul 3-4 oTaxisgan Sedgeboda, axla ukve aSkara

uxerxuloba iqmneboda. sabWoTa ideologiuri samsaxurebi kvlav

acxadebdnen, rom qveyanaSi sindisis Tavisufleba garantirebuli iyo

sabWoTa konstituciiT, rom eklesias yvelaferi hqonda, rac sWir-

deboda. magram 1977-1988-ian wlebSi patriarqs sapatriarqo rezi-

dencia ar hqonda, sionis sapatriarqo taZris garSemo usaxuri sax-

lebi iyo Camwkrivebuli. xelisuflebam erTxans grigol orbelianis

moedanze arsebuli sazRvargareTTan megobrobisa da kulturuli

urTierTobis sazogadoebis Senoba dauTmo sapatriarqos ucxoeli

sapatio stumrebis misaRebad.

jer kidev 1967 wels, cxum-afxazeTis episkoposad yofnis dros,

80

meufe iliam wmida sinodis saxeliT saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis

Tavmjdomares mosTxova sapatriarqosaTvis daebrunebinaT 1923 wels

CamorTmeuli rezidencia. 1977 wlidan oficialuri xelisufleba

grZnobda, rom Seqmnili uxerxuli viTarebis gamosworeba mxolod

sapatriarqosaTvis rezidenciis gamoyofiT SeiZleboda. uwmidesma

da unetaresma ilia II-m 1984 wlis 2 Tebervals ganmeorebiTi

TxovniT mimarTa saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis

pirvel mdivans e. SevardnaZes da moiTxova sapatriarqosaTvis isto-

riuli Senobis dabruneba. mTavroba yoymanobda. bolos, saqarTvelos

ministrTa sabWos 1984 wlis 10 noembris dadgenilebiT, saqarTve-

los samociqulo eklesias gadaeca naxevrad avariul mdgomareobaSi

myofi sportkomitetis yofili Senoba. 1990 wels, erovnul-ganmaTa-

visuflebeli moZraobis mesveurTa kategoriuli moTxovnis Sedegad,

oficialuri xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda, aRedgina istoriuli

samarTlianoba da 1923 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-

ciqulo eklesiisaTvis ukanonod warTmeuli sapatriarqo reziden-

cia, sadac moRvaweobdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTolikos-patri-

arqni _ kirioni, leonide, ambrosi _ daubruna kanonier mflobels.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sapatriarqos

istoriulma rezidenciam daibruna Tavisi funqcia. aq Tamamad Sei-

Zleba sapatio stumrebis, saero da sasuliero pirebis miReba da

Rirseuli maspinZloba.

81


saqarTvelos eklesia saerTaSoriso asparezzesaqarTvelos eklesia saerTaSoriso asparezze

uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-

li samociqulo eklesiis meTauri 1917-1918 wlebSi, gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas aniWebda konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqosTan

urTierTobis aRdgenas. 1811 wlis Semdeg, rodesac ruseTis impera-

torma _ aleqsandre I-ma gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia,

konstantinepolis msoflio sapatriarqosTan gawyda mravalsaukun-

ovani kavSiri. uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II msoflio patri-

arq basili III-s werilSi mokled mouTxrobda 1811–1917 wlebis

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istorias da

acxadebda: `gulisxmavyof brZanebasa mociqulisasa Tanaxmad erTobi-

sa mas sulisasa sakvirvelisasa... siyvaruliT mogikiTxav, unetare-

so mamao, da wrfeliTa guliTa giTxra: `qriste ars Cvens Soris“.

Rvawli Cemda iqnebis dacvai doRmatTa marTlmadideblobisaTa, ro-

melTa arca gamcemel yofil ars eklesiai Cveni, gzad Cemda iqmnebis

zrunvai keTildgomisaTvis wmidaTa RmerTisa eklesiaTa da keTi-

li warmatebisaTvis erisa Cemis zRuded Cemda iqmnebis kanoni.~kon-

stantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, ruseTis eklesiis gavleniT,

erideboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasTan

urTierTobas XX saukunis 20-60-ian wlebSi. erTaderTi SemTxveva

ukavSirdeba 1928 wels, rodesac msoflio sapatriarqom saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias axal stilze gadasvlis

gamo mxardaWera sTxova.

bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis xanaSi sxva marTlmadidebel avtoke-

faliur eklesiebTan piradi kontaqtebi gaZnelebuli iyo. konstan-

tinopolis sapatriarqo sabWoTa kavSiris mier mtrulad Seracxili

samxedro organizaciis, `natos“ wevri qveynis _ TurqeTis teri-

toriaze mdebareobda da oficialuri xelisufleba saqarTvelos

82

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias msoflio sapatriarqosTan

Tavisufal urTierTobas ukrZalavda. dRes xSirad kamaToben imis

Taobaze, Tu ramdenad iyo gamarTlebuli 1962 wels sruliad saqa-

rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesi da unetaresi efrem II-is

Tanxmoba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ekle-

siaTa msoflio sabWoSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb. am organizaciis egid-

iT mowyobil samSvidobo forumze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis warmomadgenlebs miecaT saSualeba, msofli-

os marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebisaTvis mkafiod ganemartaT

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli

avtokefaliis mniSvneloba da moeTxovaT maTgan am avtokefaliis

aRiareba. 1963 wels Semoqmedeli episkoposi ilia monawileobda

kunZul rodosze gamarTul marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa samSvido-

bo forumSi, romelzec saqarTvelos eklesia yvelaze axalgazrda

avtonomiur eklesiad gamoacxades. amas mohyva meufe ilias mwvave

reaqcia. man ganumarta damswreT, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesia aris uZvelesi samociqulo avtokefaliuri eklesia

da moiTxovs Sesabamis pativiscemas. rodosidan dabrunebulma epis-

koposma iliam vrcel moxsenebiT baraTSi uwmidessa da unetares

efrem II-s auxsna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ekle-

siis irgvliv Seqmnili viTareba. uwmidesma da unetaresma efrem

II-m mas daavala, emuSava saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis avtokefaliis saerTaSoriso aRiarebisaTvis, mecnierebTan

TanamSromlobiT moeZia avtokefaliis istoriuli mtkicebulebani.

daiwyo am mimarTulebiT daZabuli muSaoba. 1970 wlis 2 marts uw-

midessa da unetares efrem II-s samuSao dRiurSi Cauweria: ̀ konstan-

tinepolis msoflio patriarqi Cvens eklesiasTan ar aris keTilad

ganwyobili, cnobilma viRacam (?) yurSi borotad CauCurCula, Cvens

patriarqobas ar scnobs... Cven Cvens gzas vagrZelebT.~

msoflio sapatriarqosTan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-

ciqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze

intensiuri molaparakebebi gagrZelda uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia

83

II-is locva-kurTxeviT. 1978 wlis 1-4 ivniss, patriarqis mowveviT,

TbilisSi imyofeboda msoflio sapatriarqos delegacia, romelsac

xelmZRvanelobda qalkedonis mitropoliti melitoni. delegaci-

is SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen filadelfiis mitropoliti barTolo-

meosi (axlandeli msoflio patriarqi) da SvedeTis mitropoliti

pavle. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi gaimarTa pirveli seriozuli

molaparakeba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze. 1978 wlis 16 ivniss uwmidesma

da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia

II-m sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi Sexvedra mouwyo qarTvel mecnierebs.

Sexvedras eswrebodnen profesorebi: m. lorTqifaniZe, n. lomouri,

o. jafariZe, p. zaqaraia, S. lomsaZe, i. sixaruliZe, g. mamulia, n. asa-

Tiani, r. siraZe, a. bogveraZe, d. gogolaZe, T. beraZe, i. lolaSvili,

b. lominaZe. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m qarTvel mecnierebs

sTxova, intensiurad emuSavaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-

ciqulo eklesiis istoriaze. manve aRniSna, rom mosagvarebeli iyo

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefali-

is aRiarebis sakiTxi. saWiro iyo, myari istoriuli mtkicebule-

bebis mqone sabuTebiT daemtkicebinaT berZnuli sapatriarqoebisTvis,

rom saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri V saukunidan kaTolikosis,

xolo XI saukunidan _ kaTolikos-patriarqis tituls atarebda.

mecnierebma aRuTqves saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, rom yve-

lafers gaakeTebdnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis interesebis dasacavad. marTlac, umokles droSi Seiqmna

n. lomouris, b. lominaZis, d. gogolaZis, a. bendianiSvilis naSrome-

bi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriis

calkeul sakiTxebze.

1979 wlis 2-8 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqa-

rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad

stambolSi imyofeboda konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqis _

uwmidesi dimitriosis miwveviT. `TiTqmis rvaasi welia, rac kon-

stantinopolSi ar yofila saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, –

84

ganacxada misma uwmidesobam, _ bednieri var, rom wilad mxvda da

RvTis locva-kurTxeviT Camovedi am qalaqSi, romelic saukuneTa

ganmavlobaSi iyo centri eklesiuri, kulturuli da samecniero

cxovrebisa da moRvaweobisa. Cveni eklesia mudam grZnobda, Tu ra

didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda da eniWeba msoflio sapatriarqos, is

mudam unda yofiliyo im Zalad, romelic daakavSirebda avtokefali-

ur eklesiebs.~ . saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi Sexvda msoflio

sapatriarqos mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrebs, gaimarTa azrTa gaziareba

marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa urTierTobis sakiTxebze. uwmidesma da

unetaresma ilia II-m Sexvedraze ganacxada: `rodesac werils an mi-

locvas gvigzavnis konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, sworad

ar aris moxsenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,

ise rogorc wodebulia V saukunidan... saeklesio forumebsa da

konferenciebze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia

kanonierad unda ikavebdes Tavis adgils... roca xdeba kuTvnili

VI adgilis darRveva, es gavlenas axdens saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiaze da mis avtoritetze mTel msoflioSi... Cven gvsurs, rom

es sakiTxi erTxel da samudamod mowesrigdes... ar viTxov axali

ramis mocemas an damtkicebas, Cven gvinda aRvadginoT winandeli Cveni

mdgomareoba, romelic, samwuxarod, 1811 wels davkargeT.“

konstantinopolis sapatriarqos saxeliT gamosulma qalke-

donis mitropolitma melitonma aRuTqva saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurs, rom es sakiTxebi dadeb-

iTad gadaiWreboda dasabuTebuli istoriuli masalebis gacnobis

safuZvelze.

daZabuli molaparakebebi 11 weli gagrZelda. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia avtokefaliisa da diptixis

sakiTxebSi araviTar kompromisze ar midioda. 1982 wlis 3 ivliss

msoflio patriarq dimitriosisadmi gagzavnil werilSi, romelsac

xels awerdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II da saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis 13 mRvdelm-

Tavari, naTqvami iyo: `Tu konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo

85

sadavod miiCnevs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ekle-

siis adgils diptixSi, im SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

gauWirdeba monawileoba miiRos msoflio sapatriarqos mier mowyo-

bil RonisZiebebSi~.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqom gaaprotesta is faqti, rom 1981

wels saberZneTisa da kviprosis eklesiebis mier Sedgenil kal-

endarSi saqarTvelos eklesia ar iyo moxseniebuli istoriulad

mis kuTvnil me-6 adgilze. mis uwmidesobas moubodiSes, rom iZule-

bulni iyvnen daecvaT msoflio sapatriarqos mier avtokefaliuri

eklesiebisaTvis gankuTvnili rigi. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia

II-m, qarTvel mecnierebTan konsultaciis Semdeg, msoflios marTl-

madidebeli eklesiebis meTaurebs daugzavna dasabuTebuli, istori-

uli dokumentebiT gajerebuli werilebi, romlebic saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriul avtokefalia-

sa da diptixSi marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris misi kuTvnili

me-6 adgilis kanonierebas amtkicebda. patriarqma ilia II-m moZme

eklesiebisgan werilobiTi mxardaWera moiTxova. misi uwmidesobis

moTxovnas dadebiTad gamoexmaurnen moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis

patriarqi uwmidesi pimeni (1982 w. 29. IX), praRisa da Cexoslo-

vakiis mitropoliti doroTeosi (1982 w. 16.VII), bulgareTis pa-

triarqi maqsime (1982 w. 16.V), aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis

papi da patriarqi uwmidesi nikoloz VI (1982 w. 1.IX). mravalmxriv

sagulisxmo iyo ierusalimis patriarqis diodorosis pasuxi: ̀ Zmuri

siyvaruliT miviReT CvenTvis Zalze sayvareli Tqveni uwmidesobisa

da unetaresobis werili, romelmac mogvagona da ukan mogvaxeda

eklesiuri faqtebisaken, gviCvena uZvelesi droidanve dadgenilad

sruliad marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris saqarTvelos eklesi-

is istoriuli avtokefalia... dabejiTebiT mogaxsenebT, rom adgi-

lobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa erTsulovnebiT saqarTvelos

mowamebrivma, magram, amave dros, didebulma sapatriarqom unda miiRos

Tavisi Sesabamisi adgili konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqos

diptixSi.“uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is werils dauyovneb-

86

liv upasuxa msoflio patriarqmac: `miviRe da Sesaferisi yuradRe-

biT gavecaniT Cveni wmida sinodis krebaze CvenTvis Zalze sayvareli

da sasurveli Tqveni unetaresobis da wmida sinodis Zmur werils,

romelic Seexeba wmida diptixSi Tqveni eklesiis adgils istori-

uli da kanonieri monacemebiT. gacnobebT, rom igi gansaxilvelad

gadaegzavna sinodis sabWos.“

1988 wlis agvistoSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is mowveviT, TbilisSi Camo-

brZanda konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqi uwmidesi dimitriosi,

romelmac moiloca qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi, xelovnebis muzeumSi

daaTvaliera qarTuli saeklesio siwmindeni. msoflio patriarqi gaa-

oca eklesia-monastrebSi mrevlis, ZiriTadad axalgazrdobis, simrav-

lem. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi wmida sinodis wevrebTan da qarTvel

mecnierebTan gaimarTa msjeloba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-

ciqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis cnobisa da marTlma-

didebel eklesiaTa diptixSi VI adgilis dakavebis Sesaxeb. gadawyda,

aRniSnul sakiTxebze gagrZelebuliyo molaparakebebi.

1988-1989 wlebSi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis isto-

riuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze molaparakebebs awar-

moebdnen mitropolitebi: qrizosTomosi da damaskinosi. uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda yvela

sityvas, romelic aRiarebis teqstSi unda Sesuliyo. molaparakebebi

iyo rTuli, magram konstruqciuli. 1990 wlis 7 ianvars (Zv. st. 25

dekembers), sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg

mitropolitma qrizosTomosma oficialurad gamoacxada msoflio

sapatriarqos gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

istoriuli avtokefaliisa da misi meTauris sapatriarqo titulis

aRiarebis Sesaxeb.

1990 wlis 4 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqu-

lo eklesiis meTaurma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m konstan-

tinopolSi msoflio patriarq dimitriosis xelmoweriT miiRo ori

sigeli:

87

`1. saqarTvelos uwmidesi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtoke-

faliis cnobisa da mtkicebis sigeli“, romlis Tanaxmadac msoflio

sapatriarqom miiRo gadawyvetileba `cnos da daamtkicos saqarTve-

los wmida eklesiis avtokefalia da damoukidebeli struqtura“.

2. konstantinopolis mTavarepiskoposis, axlisa romisa da msof-

lio patriarqis _ dimitriosis _ ganCinebiT, saqarTvelos uwmidesi

eklesia pativdebuli iqna sapatriarqo RirsebiTa da adgiliT, ro-

gorc adridanve ixsenieboda uZveles qronikebsa da sxva saeklesio

wyaroebSi. patriarqis titulia: `mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTa-Tbilisi-

sa da kaTolikos-patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa.“

misma uwmidesobam guliTadi madloba moaxsena msoflio sapa-

triarqos istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenisaTvis da gamoTqva

rwmena, rom diptixis sakiTxic aseve samarTlianad gadawydeboda.

saqarTvelo mouTmenlad eloda misi uwmidesobis samSobloSi dab-

runebas. erTi weli sruldeboda 1989 wlis 9 aprilis tragediis

sisxliani dReebidan, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba mkafiod

ayenebda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis

sakiTxs. rogorc 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts saqarTvelos samociqu-

lo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena win uswrebda saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobis gamocxadebas, ise moxda 73 wlis Semdegac. saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtoke-

faliis cnobis sigelebiT xeldamSvenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi dabrunda samSobloSi. Tbilisis aeroportidan

sapatriarqo rezidenciamde bednierebisagan acremlebuli, erT muStad

Sekruli qarTveloba acilebda Tavis Rirseul sulier winamZRols.

28 marts sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi uwmidesma

da unetaresma ilia II-m miuloca qarTvel ers istoriuli dRe da

aRniSna: àmjerad xelT gvaqvs is sabuTebi, romelTac saqarTvelo 1500

wlis manZilze eloda... isini imdenad didi mniSvnelobis sabuTebia, rom

verasdros, RvTis wyalobiT da RvTis locva-kurTxeviT, veravin veRar

Seaxebs xels saqarTvelos eklesias.“sxva rom araferi gaekeTebina mis

uwmidesobas, marto es eyofoda istoriaSi Sesasvlelad.

88


mRvdelmTavrobis 50, patriarqobis 35mRvdelmTavrobis 50, patriarqobis 35

da dabadebis 80 wlisTavis aRniSvnada dabadebis 80 wlisTavis aRniSvna

2012-2013 wlebi saqarTveloSi misi uwmidesobis siubileo

wlebia. 2013 wlis 25 dekembers 35 weli Sesrulda uwmidesi da

unetaresi ilia II-is sapatriarqo taxtze aRsaydrebidan. svet-

icxovlix sapatriarqo taZarSi Sesrulda sazeimo wirva, romel-

sac eswrebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida

sinodis wevrebi, sazogadoebriobis warmomadgenlebi, romelTac

uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s miuloces saiubileo TariRi

da usurves janmrTeloba da mravalJamier sicocxle. manamde,

14 dekembers TbilisSi `qorTiard meriotSi~ gaimarTa II saer-

TaSoriso konferencia `Semobruneba sulierebisaken~, romelic

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-is epoqas mieZRvna. 3 ianvars

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-isaTvis saiubileo TariRebis

misalocad TbilisSi CamobrZanda amierkavkasiis muslimTa sam-

marTvelos Tavmjdomare, misi aRmatebuleba Seix ul islam alah

Suqur faSazade, romelmac guliTadad miuloca uwmidessa da

unetaress iubile da gadasca amierkavkasiis muslimTa sammarT-

velos mTavari jildo `Seix ul islamis saxelobis briliantis

ordeni~ _ religiebsa da erebs Soris megobruli urTierTobebis

ganmtkicebis saqmeSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis~. saiubileo dRee-

bis daskvniTi RonisZiebebi gaimarTa 2013 wlis 9-14 ianvars. am

dReebSi Tbiliss estumrnen msoflios adgilobrivi eklesiebis

delegatebi: konstantinopolisa da axali romis mTavarepiskoposi

da msoflio patriarqi yovlad uwmidesi barTolomeosi, sruliad

serbeTis patriarqi, peCis mTavarepiskoposi da belgrad-karlo-

vacis mitropoliti uwmidesi irineosi, bulgareTis patriarqis

mosaydre, varnisa da veliki preslavis mitropoliti kirile, mTa-

89

varepiskoposi praRisa, mitropoliti sruliad CexeTisa da slo-

vakiisa unetaresi qristefore, ruseTis sapatriarqos sagareo

ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare mitropoliti ilarioni; delegaciebi

aleqsandriis, antioqiis, saberZneTis, kvi prosis, albaneTis, polo-

neTis eklesiebidan. 11 ianvars saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmi-

da andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTul universitetSi

gaimarTa uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-is aRsaydrebis 35

da dabadebis 80 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saerTaSoriso kon-

ferencia, sadac sityvebi warmoTqves universitetis reqtorma

profesorma sergo vardosaniZem, saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavm-

jdomarem daviT usufaSvilma. uwmidessa da unetaress sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs ilia II-s miesalmnen yovlad

uwmidesi konstantinopolis da axali romis mTavarepiskoposi da

msoflio patriarqi, yovladuwmidesi barTolomeosi (arxondoni-

si), sruliad serbeTis patriarqi, peCis mTavarepiskoposi da bel-

grad-karlovacis mitropoliti, uwmidesi irineosi (gavriloviki),

bulgareTis patriarqis mosaydre, varnisa da veliki preslavis

mitropoliti kirile (kovaCevi), mTavarepiskoposi praRisa, mit-

ropoliti sruliad CexeTisa da slovakiisa, unetaresi qriste-

fore (puleci). sxdomaze ruseTis prezidentis baton vladimer

putinis milocvis teqsti waikiTxa batonma mixeil Svidkoim.

milocvis teqstSi naTqvami iyo _ ùwmidesi da unetaresi ilia

II Tavisi eris udidesi winamZRolia, romelic saqarTvelos uax-

lesi istoriis yvelaze rTul periodebSi Tavisi brZnuli si-

tyviT mudam axerxebda mSvidobis damyarebas~. uwmidessa da un-

etaress ilia II-s saiubileo TariRebi miuloces saqarTvelos

prezidentma da premier-ministrma. 13 ianvars TbilisSi samebis

sakaTedro taZarSi gaimarTa sazeimo wirva, romelsac mraval-

ricxovan mrevlTan, mTavrobisa da parlamentis wevrebTan erTad

daeswrnen adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delegaciebi.

premier-ministrma batonma biZina ivaniSvilma samebis sakaTedro

taZarSi gamosvlisas brZana:

90

`Cemo sayvarelo xalxo!

Cven dRes gulwrfelad vzeimobT Cveni usayvarlesi patriarqis,

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is dabadebidan me-80 da aRsay-

drebidan 35-e wlisTavs. uwmidesma da unetaresma udidesi roli

Seasrula saqarTvelos istoriaSi. im Jams, rodesac qristianul sam-

yaroSi da gansakuTrebiT saqarTveloSi aTeisturi da qristianobis

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Zalebi mZlavrobdnen, misma uwmidesobam qarT-

vel ers gza rom ar dahbneoda, swori gezi misca. uaxloes wlebsac

Tu gavixsenebT, rodesac gaurkveveli Zalebi kvlav mZlavrobdnen

Cvens qveyanaSi da utevdnen Cvens tradiciebs, Cvenma patriarqma

brZnulad mouwoda ers, erovnuli tradiciebis gafrTxilebisa da

SenarCunebisken. qristianuli sarwmunoeba Cveni kulturis udidesi

nawilia, CvenTvis qristianoba ar aris mxolod aRmsarebloba.

Cven bednieri eri varT, rom aseTi sulieri mama gvyavs misi uw-

midesobis, Cveni sayvareli patriarqis, ilia II-is saxiT. vulocavT

mas am saiubileo TariRebs da vusurvebT mtkice janmrTelobasa da

didxans sicocxles Cveni eris sakeTildReod!

minda madloba gadavuxado mis yovladuwmidesobas, msoflio pa-

triarqs, romelmac pativi dagvdo da Cvens patriarqs saiubileo

TariRebi miuloca. dRes Cveni patriarqis iubiles zeimobs mTeli

qarTveli eri, zeimobs mTeli msoflios marTlmadidebeli qris-

tianoba! dRes yvela marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgeneli

ulocavs Cvens sayvarel patriarqs dabadebidan 80 da aRsaydrebidan

35-e wlisTavs.

minda yvela stumars didi madloba movaxseno imisaTvis, rom

aseTi pativi dasdes Cvens qveyanas da ase daafases Cveni sayvareli

patriarqi.

kidev erTxel gilocavT, Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav,

dabadebidan 80 da aRsaydrebidan 35 wlisTavs! gilocavT yvelas,

vulocav mTel saqarTvelos!

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, idRegrZeleT, ixareT, ibedniereT!

mravalJamier!~.

91

wirvis dasasruls uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s mimarTa:

konstantinopolis da axali romis mTavarepiskoposma da msoflio

patriarqma, yovladuwmidesma barTolomeosma (arxondonisi), romel-

mac aRniSna: èklesiisadmi Sewiruli Tqveni moRvaweobis nayofs...

momavali Taobebi oqros asoebiT Caweren sisxliT morwyuli saqa-

rTvelos istoriis furclebze, iseve, rogorc oqros asoebiT aris

Cawerili Tqveni saxeli Cvens gulebSi.~

Tqveno uwmidesobav, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqo da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposo, biWvinTisa da cxum-afx-

azeTis mitropolito, meufe ilia,

marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis saWeTmpyrobelno,

maRalyovladusamRvdeloeso da yovladusamRvdeloeso meufeno,

xelisuflebis warmomadgenelno,

mamano, Zmano da dano, suliero Svilebo!

dideba mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa dRes aRvlenili saRmr-

To liturgiisTvis da ziarebisTvis patiosanTa sisxlTa da xorcTa

uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi yovladwmida samebis am taZarSi! ès

aris madly, sulis macxovnebeli, romelic dagvicavs RvTis samar-

Tlian samsjavroze~ _ ambobda wm. mama Teodore studieli. yovel

wirvaze vmonawileobT wminda ziarebis saidumloSi; igi gvaerTebs

Cvens jvarcmul da aRdgomil ufalTan ieso qristesTan, romelic

gankacda da jvars ecva CvenTvis, Cvenisa cxonebisaTvis!

Zmano da suliero Svilno, aq Camosvlisas araviTari sxva mizani

ar gvamoZravebda, garda erTi survilisa, rom dRes TqvenTan erTad

vyofiliyaviT da gagveziarebina saqarTvelos eklesiis sixaruli,

rom gagveziarebina piradad Tqveni sulieri zeimi, Tqveno uwmindeso-

bav da unetaresobav, sayvarelo qristesmiero Zmao, saqarTvelos pa-

triarqo, meufe ilia! gvsurda, TqvenTan erTad gvezeima saqarTvelos

eklesiis sapatriarqo taxtze Tqveni aRsaydrebis 35 wlisTavi, ro-

melsac Tqveni dabadebis 80 wlisTavic daemTxva. es sixaruli aseve

msoflio marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sixaruli da dResaswaulicaa,

radgan `Tu evnebian erTsa asosa, mis Tana elmin yovelTa asoTa da

92

Tu ididebin erTi asoi, mis Tana ixarebden yovelni asoni!~

CamovediT, raTa TqvenTan erTad pativi mivagoT saqarTvelosTvis,

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis, qarTveli samRvdeloe-

bisa da erisTvis am mniSvnelovan da istoriul movlenas. da dRes,

yvelani erTad _ sasuliero pirebi, politikosebi, ubralo morwmune

eri, vufasebT meufe ilias im did Rvawls, romelic Tavisi marTali

gonebiTa da marTali sityvis ZaliT moimuSaka. am Zalas igi iRebs

Cveni saTnomyofeli RvTisgan, uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesgan, Ta-

visi patiosani msaxurebiT RvTisa da eris winaSe. patriarqi ilia

iRvwis msgavsad im wmindanebisa, romlebic Znel da avbediT wlebSi

Tavisi TavdadebiT marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis misabaZ magaliT-

ad iqcnen, radgan qristes erTgulebi darCnen da Seiqnen WeSmari-

ti aRmsarebelni marTlisa sarwmunoebisa, romlebic dReniadag Tavs

gansacdelSi igdebdnen da mTel Tavis Zalisxmevasa da sicocxles

ufals swiravdnen.

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, Tqven, vinc moTminebasa da

gonierebas uflisagan iRebT, SeZeliT naTlad dagenaxaT rwmenas

mowyvetili adamianebis sisuste da viTarca ieso qristes WeSmarit-

ma mowafem, uflis sityvis qadageba daiwyeT.

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, Tqven aRasruleT sityvebi wmin-

da werilisa: àmiT gcnan yovelTa, rom Cemni mowafeni xarT, ukueTu

iyuarebodiT urTierTars~. siyvarulis magaliTs aCvenebT, siyvaruls

hqadagebT da siyvaruliT cxovrobT, locvebs aRavlenT da sibrZnes

RvTisas mouxmobT, romelic swored sibrZnesa da siyvaruls uqa-

dagebs eklesiasa da morwmune ers. SiSiTa RvTisaiTa Semosilma

kargad iciT, rom ufali, Sobili uwinares yovlisa Jamisa, aris

mcodne adamianuri logikisa da mizezi yovlisa sikeTisa. miuxedavad

adamianuri sisustisa da warmavlobisa, yovelive rac Tqven akeTeT,

_ akeTeT rwmeniT, imediTa da moTminebiT. amitom Rrmadpativcemulo

uwmindeso da unetareso patriarqo da qristesmiero Zmao, ilia,

gvagondeba poet konstantinos kavasisis leqsi: `moRalate bolos

gamoCndeba, sabolood midielebi (mtrebi) ukuiqcevian.~

93

dRes Tqvens mfarvel wmindanTan erTad getyviT: `cocxalia

RmerTi, ufali ZalTai~, RmerTi israelisa da saqarTveloisa, wmi-

danTawmida! xolo sadac RmerTia, iq sasufevelia da yoveli iSvebs

da xarobs. da visac RmerTi swams da adamians RvTis siyvaruliT

emsaxureba, moyvass usamarTlod arasodes moeqceva, mas suli mamaci

da RvTis moyvare aqvs!

uwmindeso da unetareso meufeo ilia, Tqven morwmune da su-

lieri adamiani xarT; da RvTis samsaxuri, romelic Tqvens eklesiasa

da xalxs gauwieT, sakuTari Tavis msxverplad Sewirvis tolfasia!

Tqveni Rvawli Sorsaa im didebisa da pativisagan, rasac patriarqis

tituli moicavs; Tqven SemoifargleT mxolod locviT, marxviT,

eklesiis aRorZinebiT, erSi imedis gaRvivebiT, xatweris aRorZinebiT,

saRmrTo saidumloTa aRsrulebiT, wminda ZRvnis SewirviTa da Tqve-

ni mravaltanjuli eris nugeSiscemiTa da tkivilis daamebiT! Tqveni

patriarqobis Jams gamravlda Tqveni sulieri Svilebis ricxvic da

xarisxic, rac Zalian gvaxarebs. kidev ufro metad vxarobT, rode-

sac vxedavT, rom Tqveni SviliSvilebi mogarTmeven Tqvenive keTili

Sromis nayofs, romelsac Tqven kvlav qristes swiravT!

eklesiisadmi Sewiruli Tqveni moRvaweobis nayofi xiluli da

naTelia. mas momavali Taobebi oqros asoebiT Caweren sisxliT

morwyuli saqarTvelos istoriis furclebze, iseve rogorc oqros

asoebiT aris Cawerili Tqveni saxeli Cvens gulebSi.

madlobas mogaxsenebT, uwmideso da unetareso meufeo im Ses-

aniSnavi da uricxvi RonisZiebebisTvis, romlebsac Cveni saqa-

rTveloSi Camosvlisas mudam awyobT. gmadlobT im Tbili da

siyvaruliT savse sityvebisaTvis, romlebsac Cveni misamarTiT

gamoTqvamT xolme da rac Cveni pirvelsaydris, konstantinopolis

eklesiis mimarT Tqveni keTilganwyobis ueWveli dasturia. Cvens

or eklesias Soris mudam keTili urTierTdamokidebuleba arse-

bobda da igi dResac grZeldeba. orive eklesia amas TvalisCini-

viTufrTxildeba. amasTan, Cvens or sapatriarqos aerTianebs wmida

mociquli andria pirvelwodebuli, romelmac qristianoba iqadaga

94

ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mis sazRvrebs gareTac, kavkasiis

ufro vrcel regionSi. Cveni ori eklesia aseve dafuZnebulia im

mtkice da Seumusvrel kldeze, romelic aris ufali Cveni ieso

qriste. am erTobis uryevi dadastureba iyo Cveni winamorbedi

patriarqis, dimitriosis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis uZvelesi

avtokefaliisa da misi saWeTmpyroblis sapatriarqo titulis

aRiareba. es imisTvis moxda, rom saqarTvelos amJamindelma da mo-

mavalma patriarqebma axali SemarTebiT da ganaxlebuli energiiT

iRvawon marTlmadideblobis gansamtkiceblad qveyanasa zeda!

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, RvTis mowodeba ucvlelia

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi. amitomaa, rom rwmenis Sesustebisa Tu

meryeobis wuTebSi, gansacdelisa da Znelbedobis Jams Tqven erTi

wamiTac ar gadagixveviaT am mowodebisgan da mTeli am 35 wlis

ganmavlobaSi medgrad icavdiT uflis sityvas!

Cven movaleni varT, rom morwmune ers mivceT mowmoba rwmenisa

da Tavdadebisa, risi magaliTic Tqven gviCveneT, uwmideso da une-

tareso Zmao!

Tumca jvari uflisa, romelsac Tqven am 35 wlis ganmavlobaSi

tvirTulobT, aRmoCnda tkbili, saamo, sulis ganmwmendeli da si-

cocxlis momniWebeli! maS, ganvagrZoT sakuTari jvrebis tvirTva

iseTive SemarTebiT, rogorc es Cvenma didma winaprebma _ konstan-

tinopolisa da saqarTvelos eklesiebis wmindanebma SeZles sauku-

neebis ganmavlobaSi. gezis mimcemi ki unda iyos Cvenive eklesiaSi

dafuZnebuli tradiciebi, uricxvi wmindanebisa da mowameebis dasi _

saqarTvelos ganmanaTlebeli wmida mociqulTaswori nino, wmida da-

viT garejeli, wmida didmowame qeTevani da sxva uTvalavi wmindanebi,

Rirsni mamani da dedani, romlebmac Tavisi locviTa da sisxliT

sikvdili dasTrgunes da maradiulobaSi gadavidnen.

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, rac axla mogaxseneT, es yove-

live Tqvenma saiubileo TariRebma gagvaxsena; es sityvebi STagvag-

onaTqvenma xangrZlivma da energiulma saeklesio, samwyemsmTavro,

sazogadoebrivma moRvaweobam aseve Tqvenma swrafvam marTlmadide-

95

belTa Soris mSvidobianobisa da erTianobisken!

Tqveno unetaresobav, Tqveni naRvawi imis dasturia, rom RmerTi

mudam TqvenTan aris. xolo Tuki Cven Soris siyvaruli da RmerTia,

araferma ar unda SegvaSinos. Zala gveZleva, raTa davsZlioT yove-

live, Tundac is Cveni sulisa da xorcisTvis mtkivneuli iyos. Tqven

aRmoCndiT mamaci mebrZoli yvela am sferoSi.

vaqebT, vadidebT da vmadlobT ufals yvela im wyalobisaTvis,

rac Tqven giboZaT da vevedrebiT am wminda JamiswirviT, rom janmr-

Teloba da dRegrZeloba mianiWos Tqvens unetaresobas, raTa ganagr-

ZoT Tqveni keTili da didi saqme, amin.

mogarTmevT mcire ZRvens. es aris sanawile xati da sacecxluri.

sruliad serbeTis patriarqma, peCis mTavarepiskoposma da bel-

grad-karlovacis mitropolitma, uwmidesma irineosma (gavriloviki)

am sityvebiT mimarTa uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s: ùwmide-

so da unetareso meufeo, mogesalmebiT serbeTis marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis, piradad Cemi, Cveni wminda sinodisa da Cveni adgilobrivi

eklesiis mTeli sisavsis saxeliT! gisurvebT RvTis kurTxevas Tqve-

ni saiubileo TariRebis _ sapatriarqo taxtze msaxurebis 35 wl-

isa da dabadebidan 80 wlis zeimTan dakavSirebiT.

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, Tqveni dabadebis droidan dRe-

vandel dRemde udidesi istoriuli movlenebi ganviTarda, raSic

Tqven qmediTi monawileoba miiReT. am cvlilebebSi Tqven monawile-

obdiT ara marto Tqveni qveynis, aramed mTeli msoflios masStabiT.

marTlac, mravali ram moxda am periodSi. es yovelive RvTis daSve-

biT iyo. Tqven, rogorc eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli, rogorc qristes

eklesiis didi moZRvari, saxarebiseuli sibrZniT pasuxobdiT yvela

am gamowvevas da sakuTar movaleobad miiCnieT es saqme ara marto

saqarTvelos eklesiis, aramed msoflio marTlmadideblobis winaSe.

Tqvens samRvdelmTavro, sawinamZRvro msaxurebaSi Tan gdevdaT

xeli RvTisa da SegeweodaT saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelm-

Tavrebis, samRvdeloebisa da keTilmorwmune qarTveli xalxis

mxurvale locva.

96

komunisturi sistemis damcrobis Jams da momdevno wlebSi Tqven

didi sibrZniT, morCilebiT, simdabliTa da sikeTiT ganageT yovelive

da SeZeliT keTilad gemsaxuraT da RvTis saqme gekeTebinaT.

qristianuli da demokratiuli faseulobebis matarebeli axali

xelisufleba saqarTveloSi, romelmac qveynis mmarTvelobis saWe

aiRo, dRes Tqveni daxmarebiT marTavs saxelmwifos. vxedavT, rom es

aris saeklesio dasaero xelisuflebis sruli da namdvili urT-

ierTTanxmoba.

wina wlebSi qveynisTvis udidesi tragedia iyo, rodesac eklesia

da xalxis umravlesoba erTi gziT midioda, xolo saero xelisu-

fleba _ sul sxva gzas adga. es iyo namdvili jvarcma qristes

eklesiisa, eklesiuri cxovrebisa! magram am dros Tqven SeZeliT, gad-

agelaxaT yvela dabrkoleba da Tqveni SromiTa da TavdadebiT war-

moaCineT saxelmwifo xelisuflebis winaSe eklesiis mniSvneloba.

dRes metad gvaxarebs, roca vxedavT, rom saqarTvelos saero

xelisuflebis yvela warmomadgeneli TqvenTan erTadaa, saxelmwifo

gverdiT gidgaT da mxars giWerT saxarebiseul moRvaweobaSi!

aRvavlenT locvebs Tqveni gaZlierebisa da sulieri Zalebis Se-

matebisTvis, raTa ganagrZoT Tqveni RvTivkurTxeuli moRvaweoba! dae,

am saxelmwifos yvela mmarTvelTan erTad brZnulad gecxovroT da

migeRwioT Tqveni moqalaqeebisTvis Rirseuli cxovrebis pirobebis

SeqmnisTvis.

Tqven ki, uwmindeso da unetareso meufeo, gisurvebT janmrT-

elobasa da keTildReobas, raTa ganagrZoT wminda saxarebiseuli

moRvaweoba Tqvens keTilmorwmune xalxSi.

kidev erTxel gilocavT da mTeli guliT vxmobT: ispolla eti despota, uwmideso da unetareso meufeo!

minda Cvengan saxsovrad mogarTvaT kverTxi, romelic aris simbo-

lo samRvdelmTavro Zalauflebisa, raTa Cvenc mogvixsenioT Tqvens

wminda locvebSi.~

bulgareTis sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydrem, varnisa da veliko-

preslavis mitropolitma kirilem (kovaCevi) aRniSna: ùwmideso da

97

unetareso meufeo, guliTadad gilocavT Tqven da, TqvenTan erTad,

yvela adgilobrivi eklesiis warmomadgenels qristes Sobis naTliT

Semosil dResaswauls! erTad vixaroT beTlemis varskvlavis akiafe-

biT, romelmac warmarTa Cveni gza saqarTvelosken, am mSvenieri da

RvTivkurTxeuli qveynisken. dauRalavad da savse guliT madloba

SevwiroT ufals, romelmac ise Segviyvara, rom `warmogvigzavna Ze

Tvisi mxolodSobili, raTa, yoveli, romeli mas esavs, ara mokvdes,

aramed hqondes cxovreba saukuno~.

qristes Sobis dResaswauliT gaxarebuli, am saiubileo

zeimze, aRvasruleb metad sasiamovno davalebas, romelic bulgar-

eTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wminda sinodis gadawyvetilebiT

damekisra, raTa sxva adgilobriv eklesiebTan erTad, saqarTvelos

moZme eklesiaSi monawileoba miviRoT Tqveni aRsaydrebidan 35 da

dabadebidan 80 wlis saiubileo TariRebis aRniSvnaSi, rac WeSmar-

itad istoriuli movlenaa da yoveli CvenganisTvis udidesi pativia.

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, Tqveni aRsaydreba saqarTve-

los uZveles istoriul sapatriarqo taxtze, romelic suliwmindis

gangebiT 35 wlis winaT moxda, iyo ara marto istoriuli memkvidre-

obis gagrZeleba, aramed uZvelesi qarTuli sulierebis, samociqulo

moRvaweobisa da saxalxo patriotuli msaxurebis aRorZineba, ramac

saqarTvelos eklesia arnaxul simaRlemde aRiyvana!

Tqveni SemoqmedebiTi aqtiuroba am rTul geografiul region-

Si da Tqveni moRvaweoba mistikuri marTlmadidebeli sulierebis

aRorZinebis saqmeSi, mociqulebriv naTels hfens qveyanas da saqa-

rTvelos sazogadoebas mZlavr Suqurad evlineba. es miT ufro

TvalsaCinoa im umZimesi uRmrTo istoriuli stalinisturi re-

Jimis Semdeg, romelic bolSevikebis beladis mSobliur qveyanaSic

ki mZvinvarebda.

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, RvTisadmi madlierebiT msurs

davamowmo Cemi ukiduresad wrfeli grZnobebi Tqvendami da Tqveni

saWeTmpyrobluri moRvaweobis mimarT udidesi pativiscema, Tay-

vaniscema.

98

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, vsargeblob SemTxveviT da kidev

erTxel gicxadebT Cvens Rrma pativiscemasa da madlierebas bul-

gareTis eklesiis samRvdeloebisa da Cveni samwysos saxeliT da

garwmunebT Cvens ucvlel da mtkice siyvarulSi! Zmuri siyvaruliT

varT aRvsilni sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisa da

SesaniSnavi qarTveli xalxis mimarT!

STagonebulni qristianuli siyvaruliT, dedaeklesiis panmarTl-

madidebluri erTobiTa da Cveni marTlmadidebeli qveynebis saerTo

keTilmorwmune miswrafebebiT, angelozTa dasTan erTad vRaRadebT:

`dideba maRalTa Sina RmerTsa, qveyanasa zeda mSvidoba da kacTa

Soris saTnoeba!~

viTxov Tqvens wminda locvebs da vrCebi marad TqvenTvis

mlocvel qristesmier Zmad.

am udides zeimze miiReT saxsovrad Cvengan Cveni wminda winamZ-

Rolis, tirnoveli patriarq efimes xati da iloceT CvenTvis iseve,

rogorc Cven vilocebT TqvenTvis.

mravalJamier, uwmideso da unetareso meufeo!~

moskovis sapatriarqos sagareo saqmeTa ganyofilebis Tavmj-

domarem, volokolamis mitropolitma ilarionma (alfeevi) Tavis

gamosvlaSi aRniSna: ̀ Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, neba miboZ-

eT, wagikiTxoT moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis, uwmidesi

kiriles molocva:

`Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, qristesmier sayvare-

lo Zmao da Tanamsaxuro. gulwrfeli sixaruliT mogilocavT

RirsSesaniSnav TariRebs _ dabadebidan me-80 da sapatriarqo tax-

tze aRsaydrebidan 35-e wlisTavs.

Tqveni cxovreba siyrmidanve eklesias eZRvneboda da misi mraval-

wliani uwyveti msaxurebiTaa aRbeWdili. Tqveni cxovrebis gzis

arCevani da misi erTguli msaxureba sawindaria Tqveni umdidresi

sulieri gamocdilebisa da samRvdelmTavro sibrZnisa.

Tqven RvTisgan boZebuli gaqvT sulieri niWi, romelic miwier

cxovrebaSive gamoavlineT rogorc qristes WeSmaritma msaxurma.

99

swored es niWia is fasdaudebeli saunje, romelsac Tqven, saqarTve-

los eklesiis winamZRoli, dauRalavad unawilebT Tqvens samwysosa

mTel marTlmadidebel samyaros, saxarebis sityvebiT: àra aRanTian

sanTeli da dadgian igi qveSe xvimirsa, aramed sasanTlesa zeda, raiTa

hnaTobdes yovelTa, romelni arian saxlsa Sina.~

ganvlili wlebis ganmavlobaSi Tqven brZandebodiT didi isto-

riuli Zvrebis mowme. Tqveni sapatriarqo msaxureba gansakuTrebuli

epoqaa ara mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis cxovrebaSi, aramed Cveni

ori eklesiis urTierTobaSic, romelic Tqveni piradi Tvisebebis

gamo inarCunebs gulwrfelobas, siTbosa da qristesmier siyvaruls.

Tqveni sapatriarqo taxtze aRsaydrebidan moyolebuli, saqa-

rTvelos uZvelesi eklesia gaZlierda rwmenasa da RirsebaSi, mniS-

vnelovnad gamravlda samRvdeloeba da samwyso, taZrebi da monas-

trebi.

axla, rodesac Tqven garemoculi brZandebiT sakuTari xalxis

siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT, rodesac mtkice rwmenis, RvTis ime-

dis, sibrZnisa da dauRalavi Sromis fasad keTili dideba moipoveT

mTels marTlmadideblur samyaroSi, pativs mivageb Tqvens waruval

damsaxurebas RvTisa da eris winaSe da movixmob brZenis sityvebs:

`marTlis nayofi sicocxlis xea da brZeni sulebs izidavs~.

locviT vusurveb Tqvens uwmidesobasa da unetaresobas ga-

Zlierebas da RvTis Sewevnas Tqvens maRal msaxurebaSi. xolo Tqvens

yovlad Rirs samwysos sulier gaZlierebas rwmenasa da qristesmier

siyvarulSi.

Zmuri siyvaruliT,

kirile,

moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi.~

neba miboZeT, uwmindesi patriarqi kiriles milocvas davur-

To Cemi piradi keTili survilebi da gisurvoT janmrTeloba da

didxans sicocxle da saCuqrad gadmogceT yovladwmida RvTism-

Soblis xati, wminda ruseTisa da wminda saqarTvelos mfarveli!

mravaJamier!~

100

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, mcxeTa-Tbilisis

mTavarepiskoposma, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma, uw-

midesma da unetaresma ilia II-m Tavis samadlobel sityvaSi aRniSna:

`Tqveno yovladuwmindesobav, konstantinopolisa da axali romis

mTavarepiskoposo da msoflio patriarqo, barTolomeo I, Tqveno

uwmindesobav, sruliad serbeTis patriarqo, peCis mTavarepiskoposo

da belgrad-karlovacis mitropolito irineos, yovladsamRvdelono

mRvdelmTavarno, Zmano da dano!

dRes aris xseneba wmida daviT winaswarmetyvelisa. SevTxovT

mas, rom mSvidoba, sixaruli da siyvaruli sufevdes saqarTveloSi

da mTel msoflioSi.

daviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs: `did xar Sen ufalo da sakvir-

vel arian saqmeni Senni~. da dRes Cven vxedavT Cveni eklesiis aR-

mavlobas, Cveni eklesiis didebas uflis ZaliTa da uflis madliT.

rodesac daviT winaswarmetyvelma israeli gaamTliana da zeimiT

Sedioda ierusalimSi, mTeli eri aqebda mas. maSin daviTma SeaCera

msvleloba da uTxra xalxs: ̀ ufali mefobs! es me ki ar vmefob, ufa-

li mefobs!~ da ai, dRes, roca aRiniSneba Cemi saiubileo TariRebi da

amboben, TiTqos me raRac gavakeTe, daviT winaswarmetyvelis sityvebs

vimeoreb: ùfali mefobs da ufali akeTebs yovelives!~

madlobeli var, rom Tqven CamobrZandiT da monawileoba miiReT

Cvens zeimSi. RmerTma mogceT mSvidoba, sixaruli da siyvaruli, amin.

Tqveno yovladuwmindesobav, minda giTxraT: Cven gveamayeba, rom

Tqven brZandebiT konstantinopolis patriarqi da didia Tqveni dam-

saxureba qveynisa da msoflios winaSe. niSnad Cveni pativiscemisa

da siyvarulisa, mogarTmevT daviT winaswarmetyvelis xats, romlis

dResaswaulic dResaa. es aris minanqarSi Sesrulebuli xati.

CvenTan ars RmerTi!~

14 ianvars saqarTvelos sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi uwmidesisa

da unetaresis, ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT Sedga Tbilisis sasu-

liero akademiis samecniero sadisertacio komisiis sxdoma, romlis

muSaobaSi monawileobdnen: uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II, mangle-

101

li mitropoliti anania (jafariZe), RvTismetyvelebis doqtore-

bi: zimbabvesa da angolis mitropoliti serafime, konstantisa da

amoqostosis mitropoliti basiliosi, volokolamskis mitropoli-

ti ilarioni, gorlicis episkoposi paisi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa

erovnuli akademiis prezidenti, akademikosi Tamaz gamyreliZe. sa-

disertacio sabWom 10 mecniers mianiWa RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris

samecniero xarisxi.

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m episkoposad kurTxevidan 2

Tvis Semdeg 1963 wels gaxsna mcxeTis samoZRvro kursebi _ sem-

inaria, 1988 _ wels Tbilisis sasuliero academia, xolo patri-

arqobis 35 wlis saiubileo dReebSi SesaZlebeli gaxda Tbilisis

sasuliero akademiaSi amoqmedebuliyo saRvTismetyvelo sadiserta-

cio sabWo, sadac momavalSi araerTi dainteresebuli, perspeqtiuli

sasuliero piri daicavs sadoqtoro disertaciebs.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-is patriarqad aRsaydre-

bidan 35 da dabadebis 80 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo

dReebi gagrZelda moskovSi, sadac 2013 wlis 21 ianvars uwmides-

sa da unetaress ilia II-s moskovis qriste macxovris saxelobis

taZris sxdomaTa darbazSi sazeimod gadaeca `marTlmadidebel

xalxTa erTobis~ premia. premiis gadacemisas uwmidessa da une-

taress ilia II-s sityviT mimarTa moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis

patriarqma uwmidesma kirilem, romelmac aRniSna: ùwmidesma da

unetaresma ilia II-m axlaxan aRsaydrebis 35-e da dabadebidan

80 wlisTavis iubile izeima... igi sapatriarqo msaxurebas Tav-

isi qveynisaTvis da samwysosaTvis metad rTul periodSi axor-

cielebs. igi ganamtkicebs qarTveli eris sulier erTobas. misi

uwmidesoba did Zalisxmevas andomebs saeklesio cxovrebis aRor-

Zinebas, erovnuli kulturis ganviTarebas, saxarebiseuli sawyise-

bis damkvidrebas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. Rrma pativiscemiT

sargeblobs ara marto Tavis xalxSi, aramed mTels marTlmadide-

blur samyaroSi~. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m madloba

gadauxada marTlmadidebel xalxTa erTobis saerTaSoriso fonds

102

sapatio jildosaTvis da aRniSna: `dRes, rodesac am premias viReb,

mas miviCnev ara rogorc Cemi Rvawlis Sedegs, aramed rogorc

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da qarTveli xalxis

damsaxurebas, romelmac miuxedavad komunisturi da postkomu-

nisturi periodis seriozuli siZneleebisa, gamoavlina usazRvro

siyvaruli RvTisadmi da aRadgina aTasobiT eklesia-monasteri,

aRadgina suliereba. aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom Cveni dajil-

doeba moxda im fonze, rodesac ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris

damokidebuleba rTulia da mxolod ruseTisa da saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis ZalisxmeviT aris SenarCunebuli.

sulieri kavSiri da keTili urTierToba... me adrec araerTxel

aRminiSnavs, rom urTierToba Cvens qveynebs Soris SeiZleba nor-

maluri iyos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu izeimebs samarTlianoba

da saqarTvelos daubrundeba ZirZveli teritoriebi _ afxazeTi

da cxinvalis regioni, rac iqneba kavkasiaSi rTuli problemebis

gadaWris erT-erTi mTavari piroba... adre Tu gvian saqarTvelos

teritoriuli mTlianoba aRdgeba da rac ufro adre moxdeba es,

miT ukeTesia yvelasTvis~. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqi moskovSi yofnis dros Sexvda ruseTis presidents ba-

ton vladimer putins, qarTuli diasporas warmomadgenlebs.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II 2013 wlis 23-29 ivliss ruseTis

gaqristianebis 1025 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT oficialuri vizitiT

imyofeboda moskovSi, kievsa da minskSi Sexvda president putins,

president ianukoviCs da president lukaSenkos. uwmidesma da une-

taresma ilia II-em madloba gadauxada uwmidess kiriles miwvevisaT-

vis da aRniSna: àTeisturi epoqidan gamosvlis periodSi Cven metad

rTuli gza ganvleT _ es iyo Cveni eklesiis Camoyalibebis pro-

cesi, mZime gansacdelebiT aRsavse. axla vcxovrobT globalizaciis

epoqaSi, rodesac SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom mravali sulieri da

kulturuli faseuloba kargavs Tavis Zalas, magram sinamdvileSi es

faseulobebi aris swored is xsna, romelic gadaarCens Cvens erebs.

rwmena, sasoeba da siyvaruli, Cveni kultura da literatura, es

103

yvelaferi, imisaTvis unda SevinarCunoT, rom Cvenma eklesiebma da

xalxebma momavalSi ganviTareba SeZlon~.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis

mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti qarT-

veli xalxis aRiarebuli sulieri lideria, misi sityvisa da saqmis

sjeraT ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed msoflioSi. patriarqi qa-

rTveli eris gaerTianebis simboloa.

104


uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II dauwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II da

sazRvargareTis samonastro centrebi, diasporasazRvargareTis samonastro centrebi, diaspora

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da un-

etaresi ilia II saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis garSemo

aerTianebs sruliad saqarTvelos da saqarTvelos saxelmwifo saz-

Rvrebs iqiT mcxovreb Cvens Tanamemamuleebs, raTa isini ar moswydnen

TavianT istoriul fesvebs. patriarqis zrunvis sagani iyo da aris

sazRvargareTis qarTuli samonastro centrebi.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias, adreuli

Sua saukuneebidan XIX saukunis CaTvliT, sazRvargareT mravali

eklesia-monasteri hqonda. aq moRvawe qarTveli berebi qmnidnen

originalur sasuliero Janris naSromebs, Targmnidnen qarTuli-

dan berZnulad an berZnulidan qarTulad iTargmneboda qristian-

ul literaturaSi cnobili Txzulebebi. Tuki aseTi mdidari da

mravalferovania Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kultura, amaSi did-

ia sazRvargareT arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis wvlili.

axlo aRmosavleTSi ganTqmuli iyo sabawmindis, sinas, jvris, Savi

mTis, xolo dasavleTSi _ aTonisa da petriwonis monastrebi. Sua

saukuneebSi wmida miwaze qarTvelebs gansakuTrebuli privilegiebi

hqondaT _ golgoTaze qristes saflavis eklesiis kliteni maT

epyraT da gaSlili droSebiT cxenze amxedrebulebs ierusalimSi

Sesvla SeeZloT. miuxedavad imisa, rom XV saukuneSi erTiani saqa-

rTvelo sam samefod da erT samTavrod daiSala, samefoTa mefe-mTa-

varni sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro centrebs yuradRebas

ar aklebdnen. iran-osmaleTis mZlavrobis xanaSi (XVI-XVIII ss.)

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis poziciebi Se-

sustda. XVI-XX saukuneebSi, saqarTvelos mimarT osmalTa mier

ganxorcielebuli agresiis Sedegad, istoriuli saqarTvelos ter-

105

itoriis naxevarze meti _ tao-klarjeT-lazeTi _ da iq arsebuli

qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT aRmoCn-

da. XVI saukuneSi osmalTagan Seviwroebulma konstantinopolis

msoflio sapatriarqom avtokefalia da marTlmadideblur dip-

tixSi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriulad kuTvnili

me-5 adgili politikurad gaZlierebuli ruseTis eklesias mianiWa.

ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg

sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro centrebs TandaTan ucxoelebi

(berZnebi da somxebi) daepatronnen da gulmodgined daiwyes monas-

trebSi arsebuli qarTuli kvalis waSla (amis TvalsaCino maga-

liTia ierusalimis jvris monasterSi SoTa rusTavelis freskis

garSemo atexili skandalic). miuxedavad imisa, rom XIX saukune-

sa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia

ruseTis sinodis daqvemdebarebaSi imyofeboda, qarTveli sasuliero

pirebi mainc wmida miwisken, aTonisken, miiswrafodnen. qarTvel samR-

vdeloebaSi gansakuTrebuli pativiscemiT sargeblobdnen sazRvarga-

reTul qarTul samonastro centrebSi namsaxurebi berebi. saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mcdeloba, 1917 wels

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro

centrebTan aRedgina kavSiri, uSedego aRmoCnda. 1921-1970 wleb-

Si, sabWoTa `rkinis fardis“ pirobebSi, es kidev ufro garTulda.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebi _ uwmidesi da une-

taresi efrem II da daviT V _ sarekomendacio werilebs ugzavnidnen

ierusalimisa da konstantinopolis patriarqebs, raTa aTonis iver-

Ta monastersa da ierusalimis jvris monasterSi gadaRebis ufleba

miecaT kinoreJisor irakli onofriSvilisa da guram pataraiasaT-

vis, daeSvaT iq samuSaod qarTvel mecnierTa jgufi (irakli abaSiZe,

giorgi wereTeli, akaki SaniZe). uwmidesma da unetaresma Tavisi

mRvdelmTavrobis periodSi, rogorc saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelma, miznad

daisaxa sazRvargareTul qarTul monastrebTan kavSiris aRdgena.

106

misTvis gansakuTrebiT axlobeli iyo aTonis iverTa monasteri. am

monastris istorias miuZRvna man Tavisi sakvalifikacio Sroma da

vrcel daskvnaSi aTonis iverTa monastris roli saqarTvelos is-

toriaSi mkafiod gansazRvra. cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitad msax-

urebisas igi araerTxel Sexvda qarTvel mecnierebs da maTTan erTad

imsjela, ra unda gakeTebuliyo aTonis iverTa monasterTan dasaka-

vSireblad. 1970 wels mitropoliti ilia saqarTvelosmecniereba-

Ta akademiis k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis di-

reqtors, akademikos elene metrevels swerda: `qalbatono elene,

gamaxara Tqvenma werilma da z. aleqsiZis èpistoleTa wignma“.

gmadlobTyuradRebisaTvis. mec minda gagaxaroT sasiamovno ambiT.

arqimandrit abelis saSualebiT vipoveT gza, romliTac davukavSir-

debiT iveriis monastris xelnawerebs. miviRe werili Tesalonikis

universitetis profesor taxikosisgan, romelic gvpirdeba daxmare-

bas~. 1978 wlis seqtemberSi uwmidesma da unetaresma saqarTveloSi

mowveul aTonis mTis gubernators, dimitrios camiss vizitis iseTi

programa SesTavaza da qarTuli stumarmaspinZlobis iseTi madli

aCvena, rom aRfrTovanebulma gubernatorma Tbilisidan gamgzavrebis

win ganacxada: àdamianis cxovrebaSi iSviaTad, magram mainc arsebobs

wuTebi, rodesac ar SeiZleba gamoiTqvas grZnobebi, romlebic mas eu-

fleba. yvela sityva, romelic SeiZleba me vTqva, Raribi da uferuli

iqneba Cems gancdebTan SedarebiT~. baton camisis saxiT saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam Zlieri mxardamWeri ipova.

1979 wlis 5 dekembers patriarqma aTonis iverTa monastris sabWos

mimarTa: àRsdges is kavSiri, romelic arsebobda saqarTvelosa da

iveriis monasters Soris. am mizniT Cven gamovTqvamT survils, rom

warmovgzavnoT TqvenTan saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiidan sami

mecnieri, romelnic gadaiReben iveriis monastris biblioTekaSi dac-

ul qarTuli xelnawerebis mikrofilmebs~. uwmindesi saqarTvelos

oficialur xelisuflebas saqarTvelosaTvis aTonis iverTa monas-

tris mniSvnelobas ganumartavda da mxardaWeras sTxovda, raTa mon-

asterSi gagzavniliyo oTxi qarTveli beri, Tan dasZenda: `Tu es

107

SevZeliT, Cvens mecnierebsa da eklesias eqnebaT mudmivi kavSiri am

savanesTan da iq dacul Zvirfas qarTul nivTebs eyoleba Tavisi

kanonieri patroni da gulSematkivari~.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi 1983 wels gansakuTrebu-

lad sazeimo viTarebaSi aRiniSna aTonis iverTa monastris daarse-

bidan 1000 wlisTavi. monastris sabWosadmi gagzavnil milocvaSi

xazgasmiT aRiniSna, rom aTonis iverTa monasteri maradJams iyo da

darCeba saqarTvelos samociqulo dedaeklesiis sulis ganuyofel

nawilad. ilia II-s ZalisxmeviT, aTonis monastrebis berebi araerTx-

el estumrnen saqarTvelos, moiloces qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi,

Sexvdnen qarTvel sasuliero pirebs, mecnierebs. patriarqTan Sex-

vedrebma isini gansakuTrebuli madlierebiT aRavso. 1987 wlis

11 TebervliT daTariRebul werilSi isini aRniSnavdnen: `Svilieri

grZnobiT vusurvebT Tqvens Rirseul unetaresobas janmrTelobas

da RvTaebriv Zlierebas, raTa macxovnebeli sityva uqadagoT saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis samwysos. viTxovT

Tqvens RvTaebriv locvebs da yvelani, saerTo krebis warmomadgenle-

bi, aTonis wmida mTis ocive wmida monastris winamZRvrebi, vrCebiT

uRrmesi pativiscemiT~. uwmidesisa da unetaresis surviliT saqarT-

veloSi CamoabrZanes aTonis karis RvTismSoblis xatis asli. wmida

aTonis mTasTan, iq arsebul monstrebTan saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli samociqulo eklesiis mWidro urTierToba grZeldeba. aTonze

dawerili araerTi xatia davanebuli saqarTveloSi moqmed ekle-

sia-monastrebSi. ilia II-m aTonis wmida mTis vatopedis monastris

berebis stumrobisas (2011 wlis 17-24 Tebervali) gaixsena aTonis

wmida mTaze Tavisi stumroba: `maxsendeba Cemi viziti aTonis wminda

mTaze. iq, kareasSi, sadac aTonis mTis wmida kinoti ikribeba, vijeqi

sapatriarqo taxtze da yvela beri Cem garSemo iyo Semokrebili, me

gamocda movuwye maT. ase vuTxari: axla unda gamogcadoT, rogori

Tavmdabloba da morCileba gaqvT. aba, momiaxlovdiT da yvelam dam-

loceT-meTqi. zogierTi SeSinda da daibna, magram zogierTi movida

108

da marTlac damloca da es dalocva dResac mSvelis da momavalSic

Semeweva~. 2011 wlis 20 Tebervals samebis sakaTedro taZarSi aTo-

nis mTis vatopedis monastris winamZRvarma arqimandritma efremma

am sityvebiT daaxasiaTa uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II: ìs, ramac

gangvacvifra, aris mTeli qarTveli eris saocari erTguleba da miZ-

Rvna Tavisi patriarqisadmi! Cemi azriT, saqarTvelos eklesias hyavs

Tavmdabali patriarqi, romelic yovladwmida RvTismSoblis udidesi

madlis Rirsi Seiqna da es moaxdina deda RvTismSobelma, rom amdeni

welia mas xalxis mxridan Zlieri mxardaWera aqvs~.

XX saukunis qarTvel patriarqTa da saero mecnierTa ocneba,

hqonodaT kavSiri aTonis wmida mTaze arsebul qarTul monastrebTan

da iq dacul qarTul xelnawerebTan, realobad iqca. dRes aTonze

araerTi qarTveli beri moRvaweobs. uwmidesi da unetaresi aseTive

didi mondomebiT Seudga ierusalimis jvris monasterTan saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis kavSiris aRdgenas.

ierusalimis patriarqTan, uwmides benediqtesTan Sexvedrisas is

pirvelad Seexo jvris monastris saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis dab-

runebis sakiTxs. molaparakebebi gagrZelda patriarq diodorosis

I-is drosac. ilia II-m kargad icoda, rom ierusalimis sapatriarqo-

saTvis Zneli gadasawyveti iyo es sakiTxi. misi uwmidesoba saqarT-

velos saero xelisuflebas meti mxardaWerisaken mouwodebda. 1987

wlis 5 noembers saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWoSi gagzavnil

werilSi igi aRniSnavda: ìerusalimSi oficialuri vizitis dros

Sevxvdi patriarq diodoros I-s da davayene ierusalimis jvris

monastris gadmocemis sakiTxi. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, berZnebi

Cvens Txovnas enTuziazmiT ar Sexvedrian, Tumca Segvpirdnen sakiTx-

is ganxilvas. saWiroa mTavrobis daxmareba. warmatebis SemTxvevaSi

Tqven daimsaxurebT Cveni xalxis samudamo madlierebas~. ierusalim-

is jvris monastris sakiTxis mogvarebaze muSaobs patriarqis loc-

va-kurTxeviT Seqmnili mecnierTa da biznesmenTa jgufi. israelis

mTavroba, qarTveli ebraeloba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samo-

ciqulo eklesias srul mxardaWeras ucxadeben. aseT viTarebaSi

109

ierusalimis jvris monastris berZenma berebma monasterSi qarTvel-

Ta SeSveba SezRudes, gaurkvevel viTarebaSi dazianda rusTavelis

freska. am samwuxaro faqtebis miuxedavad, imedi unda viqonioT, rom

istoriuli samarTlianoba aRdgeba da jvris monasteri saqarTve-

los aucileblad daubrundeba.

kaTolikos-patriarqma 1980 wlis maisSi, bulgareTSi vizitis

dros, moinaxula petriwonis qarTvelTa monasteri, romelic 1083

wels Zmeb bakurianisZeTa mier aris daarsebuli. bulgareTis pa-

triarqma uwmidesma maqsimem ganacxada, rom mzad iyo nebismier dros

mieRo qarTveli berebi amJamad baCkovos monastrad wodebul petri-

wonSi. uwmidesma da unetaresma 1977-2007 wlebSi moiloca sazR-

vargareT arsebuli yvela eklesia-monasteri, sadac ki qarTvelebs

uRvawiaT, sadac qarTuli siwmindeebia daculi, pativi miago Cvens

saxelovan da istoriis miRma darCenil usaxelo gmirebs, romel-

nic emsaxurebodnen dedaeklesias, dedasamSoblos. uwmidesma da un-

etaresma moaxerxa dakavSireboda 1927 wlidan saqarTvelos sapa-

triarqos iurisdiqciidan gasul parizis wmida ninos saxelobis

eklesiis winamZRvar dekanoz ilia melias.

kaTolikos-patriarqi yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiTa

da interesiT adevnebda Tvals istoriuli saqarTvelos im nawi-

lis cxovrebas, romelic dRes TurqeTis saqarTvelod _ tao-klar-

jeT-lazeTad aris cnobili. Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos politi-

kur-sulieri da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo cxovrebis istoriaSi

gansakuTrebulia tao-klarjeTis roli. TiToeulma wignierma qa-

rTvelma icis artanujis, opizis, xanZTis, Satberdis, parexis, berTas,

wyarosTavis, anCis, oSkis, iSxnis, xaxulis, banas eklesia-monastrebi,

pativs scems iq moRvawe sasuliero pirebs, romelTac udidesi

roli Seasrules saqarTvelos istoriaSi. tao-klarjeTis ekle-

sia-monastrebis, wmida xatebis, unikaluri saeklesio wignebis gareSe

xom warmoudgenelia saqarTvelos istoria. tao-klarjeTis teri-

toriaze iyo 14 saepiskoposo: mawyverelis, kumurdoelis, iSxnelis,

anCelis, mtbevaris, wurwyabelis, eruSnelis, valaSkertelis, anelis,

110

karelis, banelis da dadeSnelis, arzrumelis... XVII saukunis 60-ian

wlebSi es saepiskoposoebi osmalebma gaauqmes. èpiskoposni ivlto-

dian kvaladca, romelTa ara inebes gamahmadianeba: qarTls, imereTs,

odiSs, gurias, kaxeTs“, _ dananebiT werda vaxuSti bagrationi. XIX

saukuneSi istoriuli tao-klarjeTis nawili daubrunda saqarTve-

los... 1921 wels ki, sabWoTa ruseTsa da qemalisturi TurqeTis

mTavrobas Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT, tao-klarjeTi da lazeTi

TurqeTis saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi gadavida. sabWoTa imperi-

is periodSi istoriul tao-klarjeTTan dakavSireba TiTqmis war-

moudgeneli iyo. gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi kinooperatorebma

guram pataraiam da irakli onofriSvilma naxevrad aralegalurad

mainc moaxerxes tao-klarjeTis siwmindeTa gadaReba. ilia II-is

locva-kurTxeviT wmida sinodma 1978 wels miiRo gadawyvetileba,

rom awyuris eparqiis nacvlad Seqmniliyo axalcixisa da samcxe-ja-

vaxeTis eparqia, xolo wmida sinodis 2002 wlis 17 oqtombris

ganCinebiT, axalcixis episkoposis samwysos daemata tao-klarjeTisa

da lazeTis eparqia, romelic aerTianebs am teritoriaze istori-

ulad arsebul 14 saepiskoposos. sinodis am ganCinebiT saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis iurisdiqcia ganivrco is-

toriuli saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze. saqarTvelosa da Tur-

qeTs Soris damyarebuli keTilmezobluri urTierTobis pirobebSi

SesaZlebeli gaxda turistul jgufebSi gaerTianebul momlocvelT

moelocaT tao-klarjeTis qarTuli siwmindeni, Sexvedrodnen Tur-

qeTis qarTvelobas. 2003 wels uwmidesi da unetaresi sinodis

wevrebTan erTad estumra tao-klarjeTs, moiloca xaxulis, oSkis,

iSxnis monastrebi. msoflio patriarq barTolomeos I-Tan, aleqsan-

driisa da sruliad afrikis papsa da patriarq petre VII-sTan er-

Tad imyofeboda istoriul kapadokiaSi. pirvelad, mravali saukunis

Semdeg, RvTismsaxureba aRevlina wmida elenesa da konstantines

saxelobis taZarSi. wirvas umetesad qarTveli mrevli eswreboda.

yvela grZnobda istoriuli wuTebis sidiades. aRelvebuli iyo uw-

midesi da unetaresi ilia II-c. `wmida mamebi amboben, rom arsebobs

111

sulTa kavSiri, _ brZana man, _ da Cven gvwams, rom dRes, CvenTan er-

Tad, aq imyofebian wmida ninos, wmida giorgis, wmida basili didisa

da sxvaTa, kabadokiel mamaTa da dedaTa sulebi. aRvavlenT locvebs,

rom mSvidoba, sixaruli, siyvaruli sufevdes Cvens Soris~. msof-

lios asamde televizia iRebda liturgiis msaxurebas, milionobiT

adamiani ucqerda am eklesia-monastrebis istoriul patronebs _

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsa da mis Tanmxleb qa-

rTvelebs. dedasamSoblosTan siaxlovis, qarTvelobiT gamowveuli

siamayis grZnoba kidev ufro gaumZafrda TurqeTis qarTvelobas.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, saqarTveloSi gaimarTa

TurqeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis _ `Cveneburebis~ xalxuri sim-

Rerisa da cekvis koncerti. TurqeTis qarTveloba dedasamSoblos,

winaparTa miwis yivils grZnobs... patriarqi arasodes iviwyebs maT:

`gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliTa da mxurvale grZnobebiT mogmarTavT

Tqven, Cveno Zmebo, mcxovrebno samSoblos sazRvrebs gareT, mogmar-

TavT Tqven, muslimanebo da qristianebo, Cven sisxliTa da xorciT

erTni varT, miuxedavad gansxvavebuli religiuri Sexedulebebisa.

gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni winaprebi ganisveneben saqarTvelos wmida

miwaSi. nu daiviwyebT, vina xarT, gaxsovdeT RvTisgan dalocvili

qarTuli ena da saukuneTa manZilze SenarCunebuli wminda qarTu-

li tradiciebi... Cven marad gvaxsovxarT da dRedaRam vloculobT

TqvenTvis, Cveni eris gamTlianebisTvis~. TurqeTis teritoriaze

mcxovreb qarTvelTagan gansakuTrebiT intensiuri gaxda lazebTan

kavSiri, romelic XX saukunis 90-iani wlebidan gaZlierda. patri-

arqis locva-kurTxeviT araerTi lazi Camodis saqarTveloSi, bevri

moinaTla kidec. gaZlierda maTSi erovnuli suliskveTeba, danarCen

qarTvelebTan istoriuli erTobis gancda. uwmidesis locva-kurTx-

eviT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis sax.

qarTul universitetSi funqcionirebs lazuri kulturis Semswav-

leli centri, romlis iniciativiTac ewyoba saintereso eqspedicie-

bi, samecniero simpoziumebi, genetikuri kvlevebi.

istoriuli ukuRmarTobiT 1921 wlidan aRmosavleT kaxeTis

112

nawili _ hereTi (saingilo) _ saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT

darCa. es kuTxe saqarTvelos istoriaSi cnobili iyo qris-

tianuli sarwmunoebisadmi TavdadebiTa da Crdilo kavkasiaSi

warmoebuli misioneruli saqmianobiT. aq moqmedi qurmuxisa da

giSis saepiskoposoebi did rols asrulebdnen qristianuli saqa-

rTvelos istoriaSi. XVI saukuneSi iranelTa mxardaWeriT am

teritoriaze mZlavroben lekebi, `lekianobasTan“ brZola gagr-

Zelda XVIII-XIX saukuneebSic. 1917 wels, saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,

istoriuli hereTis _ saingilos samwyso bodbelis eparqiaSi

Sedioda. 1921 wlidan, agresiuli aTeizmis xanaSi, Azerbaijanis

komunisturma xelisuflebam araerTi eklesia-monasteri daangria

saingiloSi, daxoces sasuliero pirebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom

ingiloTa nawili mahmadiania, isini TavianT Tavs qarTvelebad

Tvlian da imedis Tvali saqarTvelosken aqvT mopyrobili. uw-

midesma da unetaresma ilia II-m saingiloSi samoRvaweod gauSva

sasuliero pirebi, xolo 1997 da 2005 wlebSi kavkasiis mus-

limanTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris, Seih alax Suqur faSa zades mi-

wveviT orjer imogzaura saingiloSi. uwmidesma da unetaresma

moiloca kaxis, belaqnis, zaqaTalis raionebSi arsebuli qarTuli

eklesia-monastrebi, Sexvda da esaubra mosaxleobas, gadasca maT

saeklesio wignebi, xatebi. uwmidesi da unetaresi ase aRwerda

saingiloSi stumrobas: `yvela sofelSi, sadac ki mivediT, xalxi

anTebuli gulebiT, anTebuli sanTlebiTa da pur-mariliT gvx-

vdeboda. bevri maTgani sixarulisgan tiroda. mTavari is iyo,

rom dedasamSoblos mowyvetilma iqaurma qarTvelebma, romlebic

Cveni qveynis avbedobis gamo axla sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqeebi

arian, igrZnes, rom isini upatrononi ar arian... xSirad mesmoda,

rogor ambobdnen: Cven araferi gvinda, Cven mxolod gvindoda

dagvenaxa saqarTvelos patriarqio. ra Tqma unda, maT bevri ram

sWirdebaT, magram yvelaze metad isini Cvens yuradRebasa da gu-

lis siTbos saWiroeben~. patriarqis gadawyvetilebiT, 2002 wlis

113

17 oqtombers Seiqmna nekresisa da hereTis eparqia, romelmac

istoriuli hereTis teritoriac moicva. 2009 wlis aprilSi

kaTolikos-patriarqis locvakurTxeviT Seiqmna xornabujisa da

hereTis saepiskoposo, romelic moicavs dedofliswyaros, kaxe-

Tis, belaqnis da zaqaTalis raionebs. 30 maiss axali eparqiis

mmarTvelad gamoirCa arqimandriti melqisedeki, romelic 5 maiss

akurTxes episkoposad. episkoposi melqisedeki saingiloSi, ker-

Zod, kaxSi, gansakuTrebiT ki qurmuxSi giorgobis dResaswaulze

wiravs qurmuxis wmida giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi. giorgobis

dResaswuli amTlianebs mahmadian da qristian qarTvelebs. sain-

giloSi isini erTad aRniSnaven am udides dResaswauls. uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II sapatriarqoSi xSirad maspinZlobs isto-

riuli hereTidan Camosul stumrebs da aZlevs kurTxevas, iyvnen

erTgulni TavianTi sarwmunoebisa da istoriuli genisa. 2001

wels iranis prezidentis, muhamed haTamis miwveviT iranSi viziti-

sas misma uwmidesobam moinaxula fereidani, Sexvda iqaur qarT-

velobas da gaamxneva isini. patriarqis fereidnidan dabrunebis

Semdeg saqarTvelos moaSura araerTma iqaurma qarTvelma. samSob-

loSi Camosuli fereidnelebis patroni da maspinZelia uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II. fereidneli qarTvelebi saqarTvelos pa-

triarqs ocnebis saqarTvelodan Camosuls uwodeben. igi xSirad

imeorebs fereidnelTa saocar locvas _ `RmerTs ebarebodeT“.

patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida

andria pirvelwodebulis sax. qarTul universitetSi funqcioni-

rebs fereidneli qarTvelebisTvis qarTuli enis, literaturisa

da saqarTvelos istoriis Semswavleli kursebi.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da une-

taresi ilia II bevrs fiqrobs ruseTis federaciaSi, ukrainasa da

baltiispireTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis Sesaxeb.

XIX saukuneSi saqarTvelo jer ruseTis imperiis provinciad,

xolo XX saukuneSi modernizebul sabWoTa imperiaSi `suverenu-

li mokavSire respublikis~ saxiT Sedioda. am ori saukunis man-

114

Zilze mravali qarTuli ojaxi gadavida sacxovreblad ruseTis

sxvadasxva qalaqebSi, baltiispireTSi, ukrainaSi, belorusiaSi. XX

saukunis 90-ian wlebSi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg patri-

arqi araerTxel stumrebia moskovs, sadac yovelTvis xvdeboda

qarTuli diasporis warmomadgenlebs da ganumtkicebda dedasamS-

oblosadmi siyvarulis grZnobas.

XX saukunis bolosa da XXI saukunis dasawyisSi saqarT-

veloSi Seqmnilma mZime socialur-ekonomikurma da politikur-

ma viTarebama aiZula aTasobiT Cveni Tanamemamule saarsebo sa-

Sualebebis saZebnad gasuliyo evropisa da amerikis ganviTarebul

qveynebSi. mravalricxovani qarTuli diasporebi gaCnda inglisSi,

safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, holandiaSi, belgiaSi, espaneTSi. arsebuli

monacemebiT daaxloebiT milionze meti qarTvelia dRes ucx-

oeTSi, romelTa Svilebi da SviliSvilebi evropis saxelmwifoTa

kulturul, ekonomikur da politikur sivrceSi integrirdebian.

arsebobs imis saSiSroeba, isini gaucxovdnen dedasamSoblosgan,

qarTuli faseulobisgan. am viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, uwmidesi-

sa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,

ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers gamarTul

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomaze

miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba: 1. 2002 wlis 18 oqtombridan da-

fuZndes saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi

dasavleT evropis eparqia; 2. eparqiis iurisdiqcia gavrceldes

Semdegi qveynebis teritoriaze _ germania, safrangeTi, didi bri-

taneTi, irlandia, belgia (2009 wlis 30 aprilidan saqarTvelos

eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT dasavleT evropis eparqias

gamoeyo didi britaneTisa da irlandiis eparqia, romelsac xelmZ-

Rvanelobs mTavarepiskoposi zenoni (iarajuli _ s. v.s. v.), holandia,

luqsemburgi, avstria, Sveicaria, dania, espaneTi, portugalia, ita-

lia; 3. dasavleT evropis eparqiis mmarTvelad dainiSna mitro-

politi abraami (garmelia). dasavleT evropis eparqiis umTavresi

misiaa sulieri mzrunveloba da mfarveloba eparqiaSi Semaval

115

qveynebSi mcxovreb Cvens Tanamemamuleebze, maTi erovnul-sarwmu-

noebrivi TviTSegnebis SenarCuneba. dasavleT evropis eparqiaSi

75-ze meti samrevloa, sadac RvTismsaxurebas asrulebs 20-ze

meti sasuliero piri. 2009 wels uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia

II-is locva-kurTxeviT Seiqmna CrdiloeT amerikisa da kanadis

eparqia, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti dimitri (Sio-

laSvili). eparqiaSi 12-mde samrevloa, sadac moRvaweobs 10-mde

sasuliero piri. didi britaneTisa da irlandiis eparqias sam-

revloebi aqvs londonSi, glazgoSi, kardifSi, uelsSi, belfastSi.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiebia samxreT amer-

ikaSi, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti nikolozi (daT-

uaSvili), avstraliaSi, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti

Sio (mujiri).

2009 wlis 14 maiss wmida Tamar mefis saxelobis qarTuli

eklesiis gaxsnaze parizSi sagangebod CabrZanda uwmidesi da une-

taresi ilia II da Sexvda safrangeTSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs. 2012

wlis 15-22 maiss patriarqi kvlav stumrobda parizs. 20 maiss man

sazeimo wirva aRavlina wmida Tamar mefis saxelobis qarTul ekle-

siaSi. wirvis Semdeg qadagebisas man mouwoda Cvens Tanamemamuleebs,

ar moswydnen TavianT istoriul fesvebs da yvelaferi gaakeTon,

raTa male dabrundnen saqarTveloSi da TavianTi niWi, SesaZlebloba

moaxmaron qveynis aRmSeneblobas.

2011 wlis 4-15 Tebervals uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II stum-

robda londons, sadac sazeimod gaixsna macxovris Sobis qarTuli

eklesia. patriarqma saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sino-

dis wevrebTan erTad axladgaxsnil taZarSi wirvis Semdeg daloca

mrevli da mouwoda maT gaufrTxildnen Cvens erovnul fesvebs, ar

moswydnen mas da Svilebi saqarTvelos siyvaruliT aRzardon.

erT-erT saSobao epistoleSi misi uwmidesoba brZanebs: `su-

liereba xalxSi Tavdapirvelad gzas ikvlevs calkeul madlmosil

pirovnebaTa wyalobiT, Semdeg es niWi efineba mTel ers, aRamaRlebs

mas, amitomac pirovnebis roli qveynis cxovrebaSi udidesia. arian

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adamianebi, RvTis niSniT gamorCeulni, romelnic Tesen siyvaruls,

saTnoebas, qmnian, aSeneben, TviTon iwvian da sxvas gzas unaTeben~.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi

ilia II is pirovnebaa, romelic aerTianebs sruliad saqarTvelos

da XXI saukuneSi, am urTulesi gamowvevebis saukuneSi, qarTvel ers

sulieri da zneobrivi simtkicis Zalas aZlevs, raTa warmatebiT

dasZlion yvela siZnele.

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mamuka giorgaZemamuka giorgaZe

patriarqi da erovnuli moZraobapatriarqi da erovnuli moZraoba

ufals madlobas unda swiravdes, siamayiT ivsebodes da bednie-

rad miaCndes Tavi im ers, romelsac ufalma Znelbedobis Jams brZeni,

damTmeni da kacTmoyvare patriarqi momadla. eklesiis winamZRolma,

romelic gamoirCeva azrovnebis diapazonis sididiT, movlenebis Se-

fasebis sizustiT, eris cxovrebis kritikul monakveTebSi mudamdRe

aqtiuri monawileobiT, urTules periodSi bewvis xidze gamoatara

saqarTvelos eklesia da qarTveli xalxi. man gankuTvnil simaRleze

aiyvana eklesiis avtoriteti ara mxolod marTlmadidebel mrevl-

Si, aramed sxva sarwmunoebis Cvens moqalaqeebSic da saerTaSoriso

sarbielzec angariSgasawev Zalad gaxada igi.

sabWoTa periodSi saqarTvelos eklesia, garda sulieri safuZ-

vlisa, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis uwyvetobis, TaobaTa Soris ka-

vSiris, erovnuli suliskveTebis mudmivobis gamomxatvelerTaderT

legalurad moqmed institututs warmoadgenda da, bunebrivia, 70 _

80-ian wlebSi, rodesac disidenturi da Semdeg erovnuli moZraobis

aRmavlobis xana daiwyo, saqarTvelos eklesiam farTod gauRo kari

da Tbilad Caikra gulSi Tavisi Svilebi. patriarqis aRsaydrebis

Semdeg sionis ezoSi sul axalgazrduli xmebi ismoda. mokle peri-

odSi mrevlis raodenoba Zalian gaizarda. eklesia iqca erovnuli

ganwyobis adamianebisTvis Sekrebisa da Sexvedris adgilad. erovnul

moZraobaSi CarTuli adamiani praqtikulad xdeboda mrevli. sain-

tereso Sedareba SeiZleba movitanoT am mxriv rus disidentebTan,

romelTa Sexvedrebis adgilebs maiakovskisa da puSkinis Zeglebis

mimdebare teritoria warmoadgenda.

kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-is saxiT saqarTvelos hyavs su-

lieri lideri, romelmac taZrebi axalgazrdebis gulanTebul qri-

stianebad da, Sesabamisad, patriotebad Camoyalibebis kerebad aqcia,

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eris cxovrebis mniSvnelovan gardamtex da gadamwyvet momentebSi

ki piradi magaliTiT aCvena liderisTvis damaxasiaTebeli pasuxism-

geblobisa da windaxedulobis maRali done. saqarTvelos uaxlesi

istoriis umniSvnelovanesi movlenebis dros misi uwmidesobis qme-

debebi amis naTeli dadasturebaa.

1989 wels, roca saqarTveloSi erovnulma moZraobam TiTqmis

sayovelTao xasiaTi miiRo, afxazeTis sakiTxi gansakuTrebulad gam-

wvavda da qveyanaSi seriozuli daZabuloba Seiqmna. sakavSiro xe-

lisufleba cdilobda saqarTvelos erovnuli moZraobisTvis da,

saerTod, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis ideisTvis daepirispirebina

afxazuri separatistuli moZraoba, romelsac yovelnairad xels

uwyobda da axalisebda. 18 marts sofel lixnSi Catarda afxaz-

eTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi xelmZRvanelobis mier

organizebuli kreba, romelmac miiRo qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli gadawyvetileba, ramac afaxazeTisa da mTli-

anad qarTuli sazogadoeba aRaSfoTa. gagrasa da soxumSi Catarda

qarTvelTa saprotesto aqciebi. erT-erTi aqciis Semdeg lesel-

iZidan soxumisken mimaval avtobuss, romelSic momitingeebi isxdnen,

Tavs daesxnen. xelisuflebidan marTuli am kriminaluri qmedebis

gasaprotesteblad soxumSi Catarda aqcia, romelSic bevri afxazic

monawileobda. 9 aprilisTvis daigegma kidev erTi aqcia soxumSi.

erovnuli moZraobis erTma nawilma 4 aprils maSindeli mTav-

robis saxlis win aqcia daiwyo lixnis Sekrebis organizatorTa

da avtobusze TavdamsxmelTa dasjis moTxovniT. cota xanSi aqciis

Temam garkveuli saxecvlileba ganicada da upirobo moTxovnad saqa-

rTvelos damoukideblobis sakiTxi daisva. aqciis organizatorebs

miaCndaT, rom politikuri moTxovnis dayenebiT Tavidan iqneboda

acilebuli konfliqti eTnikur niadagze, romelic 9 aprils sox-

umis aqciis darbevas SeiZleboda mohyoloda. sabWoTa kavSirSi ukve

arsebobda precedentebi xelovnurad inspirirebuli eTnikuri kon-

fliqtebisa (fergana, yarabaxi, sumgaiti da sxv.), romelic erTi mxriv

xalxTa tragediad iqca da, meore mxriv, konfliqtis yvela monawile

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mxare TavisuflebisTvis brZolis swori gzidan aacdina da erTma-

neTTan brZolaSi mTlianad damokidebuli gaxada moskovze.

5 aprilidan TbilisSi aqciebi mimdinareobda, aseve, saxelm-

wifo televiziasTan da sxvadasxva umaRles saswavleblebTan. sas-

wavleblebTan mimdinare aqciebis monawileebma 8 aprils, qalaqSi

javSanteqnikis gamoCenis gamo, televiziis win moiyares Tavi da erT

did aqciad gaerTiandnen. ZiriTadi aqcia ki kvlav rusTavelze, mTav-

robis saxlis win mimdinareobda.

7-8 aprils viTareba ukiduresad daiZaba, _ qalaqSi demonstraci-

ulad gamoCnda sabWoTa armiis nawilebi. amasTan, ssrk-is sxvadasxva

regionebidan damatebiTi samxedro SenaerTebis Camoyvanac daiwyo.

Madgilobriv xelisuflebas, praqtikulad, CamoerTva respublikis

marTvis sadaveebi da samxedroebi warmarTavdnen movlenebs. Seqmnil-

ma viTarebam xalxi kidev ufro gaaRiziana, ramac aqciis monawileTa

raodenoba mkveTrad gazarda. xalxis suliskeTeba imdenad amaRle-

buli iyo, rom mosalodnel safrTxes arad agdebda da nebismieri

gansacdelis dasaxvedrad mzad iyo. samSoblos Tavisuflebis Tav-

dadebisTvis dagrovilma gancdam da sazogadoebis udidesi nawilis

erTobam xalxSi yovelgvari SiSi gaaqro da xalxi mzad iyo, laRad

Sexvedroda msoflios yvelaze jalaT armias, Tumca konkretulad

ras moimoqmedebda es ukanaskneli, amaze msjeloba ar mimdinareobda.

9 aprilis sabediswero moments mxolod saaTi gvaSorebda.

mTavrobis saxlis mimdebare teritoria ki xalxs veRar itevda.

miuxedavad gadaRlisa, gviani Ramisa da moaxloebuli safrTxisa,

adgilidan daZvrazec ki aravin ar fiqrobda... aseT viTarebaSi mobr-

Zanda misi uwmidesoba aqciaze.

aucileblad unda iTqvas, rom swored misi uwmidesoba iyo da

aris 80-iani wlebis erovnuli moZraobis safuZvlis Camyreli. misi

uwmidesobis udidesi damsaxurebaa, rom erovnuli idea da moZraobis

ZiriTadi birTvi swored sionis ezoSi da taZris sakurTxevelSi

Camoyalibda. misi uwmidesobis qmedebebi, epistoleebi da qadagebebi

mxolod sulieri datvirTvis matarebeli ar aris, maTSi qarTveli

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kacis cxovrebis wesis gansazRvra, zneobriobis tradiciuli safuZ-

vlebi da saxelmwifoebriobis mTavari Rirebulebebicaa warmodgeni-

li. faqtobrivad, swored es aspeqtebi iqca orientirebad erovnuli

moZraobis moqmedebisTvis.

metad sainteresoa is garemoeba, rac ufalTan da qarTvel erTan

misi uwmidesobis mistikur saubars gulisxmobs. am erTi SexedviT

rTulad aRsaqmeli movlenis TvalsaCino magaliTia 1987 wels, az-

virTebuli erovnuli moZraobis dros, saqarTvelos eklesiis mier

ilia WavWavaZis wmindanad Seracxva. RvTis gangebulebiTa da pa-

triarqis RvawliT amqveynad aRsrulebuli didi mistikuri aqti

biZgis mimcemi gaxda imisTvis, raTa erovnuli moZraobis ideuri

suliskveTeba wm. ilia marTlis ideebs dafuZneboda. wmida sinodis

ganCinebis Sesaxeb sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZris ambionidan

qadagebaSi misma uwmidesobam brZana: `... RvTis gangebiT mogvevlina

ilia, rogorc winaswarmetyveli da mqadagebeli, rogorc „xma mRaRa-

debeli udabnosa Sina“, sityva marTali da WeSmariti, raTa bibliur

mosesaviT aeRo mowamebrivi tvirTi eris winamZRvrisa. misi genia,

misi saocari nebisyofa mironcxebuli da Sinaganad momzadebuli aR-

moCnda am istoriuli misiisaTvis. TiTqos iliaze ganmeorda ieremia

winaswarmetyvelisadmi Tqmuli uflis sityvebi: „vidre gamoxvidodi

Sen saSodan, me gangwmide Sen, winaswarmetyvelad xalxTa dagadgine

Sen“ (ieremia 1,4-5). man itvirTa jvari sruliad saqarTvelosi da

Seudga golgoTis aRmarTs~ da mimarTa axalgazrdebs: “SevsTxov

wmida ilia marTals, iyos aw da maradis gamorCeulad mfarveli Cve-

ni axalgazrdobisa, Cveni studentobisa. amieridan Cveni axalgazrdo-

ba mimarTavs mas gansakuTrebuli locviT, da wmida ilia marTalic

RvTis winaSe misi meoxi iqneba~.

urTulesia CvenTvis am movlenis mTeli sisavsiT aRqma, magram

cxadia, rom swored am faqtma da misi uwmidesobis mier Sesabamis

dros da Sesabamisi mzaobis viTarebaSi gakeTebulma mowodebam ero-

vnuli moZraoba gadaiyvana ZiriTad sistemur ideebze (gaviTvaliswi-

noT, rom am droisTvis sabWoTa sistema jer kidev myarad idga).misma

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uwmidesobam mTeli sidiadiT da sisworiT dagvanaxa wmida vaxtang

gorgasali, wmida daviT aRmaSenebeli, wmida grigol xanZTeli... maTi

moRvaweoba da xedvebi gaxada Cveni sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis mTa-

var faseulobebad. `samSoblos~ cneba da misi msaxureba sakralur

cnebaTa rangSi, anu, absoluturi, Seuvali da araferze ar daxurda-

vebadi Rirebulebis doneze aiyvana. yvelanairad xels gviwyobda, rom

swori gziT wavsuliyaviT. mivyavdiT uflisken da imavdroulad, is

gaxda CvenTvis sulieri mekavSire Cvens warsulTan, saqarTvelos me-

feebTan da patriarqebTan, wminda mamebTan da Tavdadebul mamuliSvi-

lebTan. gvagrZnobina warsulis sunTqva da suliskveTeba, dagvafiqra

awmyoze da mogvca momavlis imedi. man axlad gagvaazrebina saqar-

Tvelos sakacobrio mniSvneloba. Cven gvqonda SesaZlebloba axlo

urTierToba gvqonoda masTan da gvqonda iseTi gancda, rom misi sa-

xiT aramarto moqmed patriarqs, aramed cocxal mravalaTaswlovan

saqarTvelos istoriasvexebodiT.

misma uwmidesobam aTeisturi, warmarTuli da gzaabneuli ̀ sabWo-

Ta xalxi~ morwmune adamianebad gvaqcia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Ti-

To-TiTod Segvkriba taZarSi. yvela gadaarCina vinc ufalma misca.

uSurvelad gascemda uflisgan boZebul siTbosa da energias da

piradi cxovrebiT gvaCvenebda Tu rogor SeiZleba adamiani giy-

vardes da masSi codva gZuldes, iyo adamianebTan rbili, Tbili da

keTili da amavdroulad, maTTan saqmeSi principuli, mtkice da Seu-

vali. misi uwmidesoba yvelafers akeTebda imisTvis, rom qarTveli

eris istoriaSi is sicariele amovsebuliyo, aRmdgariyo is wyveta,

romelic saqarTveloSi bolSevikebis Semosvlidan mis aRsaydre-

bamde arsebobda. patriarqi Tavad gaxda xidi warsuls, awmyosa

da momavals Soris. igi ara marto moqmedi patriarqi iyo, aramed

mravalaTaswlovan saqarTvelos istoriisa da saxelmwifoebriobis

uwyvetobis gamomxatveli cocxali simbolo.

uwmidesic yovelTvis iq idga, sadac eris sulieri mama unda md-

gariyo. rodesac 1989 wlis 9 aprils gamTeniisas patriarqis aqcia-

ze mobrZanebaze vsaubrobT, unda aRvniSnoT, rom patriarqs erovnuli

122

moZraobis mier organizebul aqciebTan kavSiri wina periodebSic

hqonda da igi 1988 wlis noembris aqcias ukavSirdeboda:

1988 wlis 22 noembers, wm. giorgis xsenebis wina dRes, maSin-

deli mTavrobis saxlis win SimSilobis aqcia daiwyo. mimdinare

aqciis mopirdapire mxares, qaSueTis wmida giorgis taZarSi, mwuxris

locvaze misi uwmidesoba mobrZanda. gancxadeba ar gaukeTebia, magram

aqciis monawileebs sanTlebi da locvanni gamogvigzavna. Semdeg

yoveldRe agzavnida sasuliero pirebs, raTa moSimSileebi ziarebu-

liyvnen. maRali ierarqebi da moZRvrebi aqciis msvlelobis dros

ixdidnen parakliss, qadagebdnen da piradi saubrebiT amxnevebdnen

xalxs. eklesiisa da misi uwmidesobis aseTi moqmedeba aRqmuli iyo

rogorc aqciis arapirdapiri dalocva; ufro metic, unda iTqvas, rom

aman SimSilobas (sufTa politikur qmedebas) siRrmiseuli sulieri

datvirTva misca da igi mZime marxvis formad aqcia.

amitomac iyo, rom 1988 wlis noembris aqcia, SimSilobis formiT

ganxorcielebuli erTaderTi masStaburi aqcia, romlis Sewyvetaze

uwmidess locva-kurTxeva ar gaucia, yovelmxriv warmatebuli aR-

moCnda: dakmayofilda aqciis umTavresi mizani. sabWoTa kavSiris

xelmZRvanelobis mcdeloba _ mokavSire respublikebisaTvis ssrk

konstituciiT qaRaldze moniWebuli ufleba ssrk-idan saqarTve-

los gasvlisa arsebiTad aekrZalaT _ marcxiT damTavrda. aseve,

aqciis maqsimaluri interesi, qarTveli eris konsolidireba momx-

dariyo da saqarTvelos damoukideblobis sakiTxi Riad dasmuliyo,

ganxorcielda. SimSilobis eqvsi dRe gavida. yvelasaTvis cnobili

iyo, rom aqcia 29 noembers sayovelTao didi erToblivi mitingiT

unda damTavrebuliyo. amitom yovelmxriv cdilobdnen, aeZulebinaT

aqciis organizatorebi da monawileebi, aqcias Rame SeewyvitaT. Se-

sabamisad, 28 noembris Rame fsiqologiurad yvelaze mZime da daZ-

abuli aRmoCnda. erTi mxriv, aqciis dasaSineblad qalaqSi samxedro

teqnikam daiwyo manevrebi, meores mxriv ki xelisuflebis, zogierTi

politikuri Zalisa da sazogadoebriobis garkveulma warmomadgen-

lebma, erovnuli moZraobis gasatexad, fsiqozis Seqmna scades. aseT

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viTarebaSi, aqciaze misvlisa bevr politikossa da cnobil pirovne-

bas SeeSinda, bevrma Tavidan aicila misvlis pasuxismgebloba. samagi-

erod, gvian RamiT aqciaze misi uwmidesoba mobrZanda. am qmedebiT man,

faqtobrivad, daZabuli viTareba gadatexa da provokaciebic Sewyda.

aqciis monawileebisTvis sityviT ar moumarTavs, vidre safrTxe

arsebobda, moSimSileTa Soris mdumared idga. darwmunda ra aqciis

monawileTa usafrTxoebaSi, dalocaisini da wabrZanda.

1988 wlis 29 noembris mitingi, romelSic saqarTveloSi arse-

buli yvela politikuri Zala, sazogadoeba da individualurad, ro-

gorc Cveni qveynis Svilebi, kompartiisa da komkavSiris funqcioneri

wevrebi, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxvadasxva eTnosis warmomadgenle-

bi monawileobdnen, qarTvelTa erTobis dRed iqca. umaRlesi sabWos

sesia iZulebuli gaxda, qarTuli sazogadoebis moTxovna gaeTval-

iswinebina.

28 noembris Rames da 9 aprils gamTeniisas patriarqis qmedeba

aqciaze imis Tqmis uflebas gvaZlevs, rom mis uwmidesobas safrTx-

eebisa da viTarebis zusti Sefasebis unikaluri unari aqvs.

Tavidanve aRsaniSnavia erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba, sakavSiro

da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis Semadgeneli jgufebis erTmaneTTan

Zalauflebisa da gavlenisTvis samkvdro-sasicocxlo dapirispire-

bis pirobebSi, rac saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaze did gav-

lenas axdenda da am jgufebis saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa da

Tavisuflebis mimarT erTiani xisti poziciis gamo saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarqi maTTvis miuRebeli figura iyo da yvelanairad

zRudavdnen mis sazogadoebriv aqtiurobas. CvenTvis misi mobrZaneba

aqciaze cota moulodnelic ki iyo: mogviwia yofna mis uwmidesobas-

Tan rezidenciaSi 8 aprilis SuaRamemde (garkveuli jgufis mxridan

iyo mcdeloba, mis winaaRmdeg seriozuli provokacia ganxorciele-

buliyo, es saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis Zalian mniSvnelovani

epizodia, magram am werilis Tema ar aris) mosalodneli safrTxis

Sesaxeb mas ar usaubria, rogorc Cans, im dromde ar hqonda Sesabam-

isi informacia. zemoT aRniSnul romelime jgufis warmomadgenels

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misi uwmidesoba cota adre rom Caeyenebina saqmis realur viTare-

baSi da mas hqonoda samoqmedo dro, didi albaTobiT, movlenebis

ganviTarebis Secvla SesaZlebeli iqneboda.

davubrundeT isev 9 aprils, gamTeniis, roca uamravi adamiani

gulanTebuli da Seupovari yovelgvari gansacdelis misaRebad mzad

iyo, swored am dros mobrZanda misi uwmidesoba rusTaveliis gam-

zirze da aqciis monawileebs sityviT mimarTa. vinc 1988 wlis

noembris aqciaze patriarqis moqmedebis Sesaxeb icoda, misTvis uw-

midesis gamosvla da gansakuTrebiT sityvebi _ safrTxe realuria!~

_ Zalian mZime mosasmeni iyo.MTumca, aqciis monawileTa mxridan,

romelTac gulwrfelad (da ara egzaltaciis gamo, rogorc zo-

gierTebs surT warmoaCinon) miaCndaT, rom RvTisa da eris winaSe

Tavis movaleobas asrulebdnen, gaazrebuli da SeTanxmebuli gad-

awyvetilebis Secvla drois simcirisa da daZabulobis pirobebSi

SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. qaSueTis eklesiis ezoSi gadasvlazeAaqciis

monawileebma uari ganacxades. M

es ar iyo sulieri mamis mimarT daumorCilebloba anda upa-

tivcemloba. es, ufro, TavganwirvisTvis mzadmyofi mebrZolebis su-

liskveTebas warmoadgenda. Tvlidnen, rom misi uwmidesoba, rogorc

mzrunveli mama, asrulebda Tavis movaleobas _ maTi sicocxlisa

da janmrTelobis dacvas cdilobda, xolo isini mzad iyvnen Tavisi

movaleobis Sesasruleblad _ Tvalis dauxamxameblad gaewiraT si-

cocxle samSoblos dasacavad,

misi uwmidesoba, rogorc eris mamas da WeSmarit liders unda

axasiaTebdes, am umZimes wuTebSic inarCunebda simSvides da sxvebsac

amisken mouwodebda. mimarTvis Semdeg rusTavelis gamzirze dumili

Camowva. Mmisi uwmidesoba cdilobda, Seqmnili viTarebis kidev erTx-

el gaaanalizeba da optimaluri gadawyvetilebis miReba momxdariyo.

Mmagram aqciis monawileebi sxvadasxva garemoebis gamo politikuri

manevris ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas moklebulni iyvnen.

darbevis dawyebamde ramdenime wuTiT adre xelisuflebis warmo-

madgenlebma patriarqs molaparakebis sababiT Sexvedra sTxoves. misi

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uwmidesoba aqciidan (mTavrobis saxlis wina kibeebidan) policiis

kordons iqiT, mTavrobis saxlis TaRebian sivrceSi gahyva maT. mas-

Tan erTad iyvnen misi Tanmxlebi sasuliero pirebi da am werilis

avtori. oficialurma pirebma mosalaparakeblad SenobaSi Sesvla

SesTavazes. uwmidesma am winadadebaze uari ganacxada. drois sim-

ciris gamo saswrafo gadawyvetileba iyo misaRebi, vinaidan aqciis

darbevis dawyeba yovel wams iyo mosalodneli.

patriarqma umZimesi situaciidan gamosvlis povnis bolo mcde-

lobas mimarTa: man xelisuflebas SesTavaza, rom umjobesi iqneboda

isini Tavad Camosuliyvnen qveviT da Semdeg erTad gadasuliyvnen

qaSueTis eklesiaSi mosalaparakeblad. patriarqis aseTi mcdeloba

miznad isaxavda movlenaTa epicentris taZris ezoSi gadatanas. Tu

xelisufleba da patriarqi qaSueTis taZarSi iqnebodnen, Sesabamisad,

es gamoiwvevda aqciis monawileTa qaSueTisken bunebriv gadanacvle-

bas. Mmolaparakebaze gamosuli piri Sevida SenobaSi da maleve ukan

dabrunda. patriarqis winadadebaze man dadebiTi pasuxi ver gasca

(visTan iyo es gadawyvetileba SeTanxmebuli, ar uTqvams). cota

xnis Semdeg, roca patriarqi darwmunda, rom misma bolo mcdelobam

Sedegi ar gamoiRo, xeliT gaswia mis win mdgomi xelisuflebis war-

momadgeneli, romelsac misi Sekaveba undoda, gaarRvia miliciis kor-

doni (milicielebma ver Sehkadres uwmidess winaaRmdegobis gaweva)

da moSimSileebTan dabrunda. igi aqciis monawileebTan erTad dadga,

rogorc erT-erTi rigiTi jariskaci qarTuli laSqrisa. daZabulo-

bis pikis miuxedavad, arc televiziasTan gamarTuli aqcia gamorCenia

mxedvelobidan da locva-kurTxeva mogvca mis mimdinareobasTan da-

kavSirebiT. rodesac darbeva daiwyo, aqciis monawileebma da xelisu-

flebamac, bunebrivia, yvelaferi gaakeTes, raTa patriarqi uvneblad

gaeyvanaT saSiSi teritoriidan.

Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad Seicvleboda qveyanaSi arsebuli vi-

Tareba, misi uwmidesobis mcdelobebs rom dahyoloda xalxi, an

Semdeg rogor ganviTardeboda procesebi. danamdvilebiT da mkafiod

ki SeiZleba erTi ram iTqvas: misi uwmidesobis saxiT ers hyavs

126

lideri, romelic umZimes wuTebSic ki inarCunebs wonasworobasa

da simSvides, iTvaliswinebs yvela detals da zrunavs TiToeul

adamianze. mas urTules situaciaSic ki ar tovebs saRi azri, bolo

wamamde momarTulia problemis mogvarebaze da ara umoqmedobis

gasamarTleblad sababis moZebnaze _ „situacias me mainc ver Sevcv-

li“, „Cemze damokidebuli ar aris“, „Cemze ras ityvian“ da ase Semdeg

da ase amgvarad. roca gadamwyveti momentebi dgeba, igiAarad agdebs

pirad avtoritetsa Tu Tavmoyvareobas da iqceva ise, rogorc qar-

Tul saqmes sWirdeba.

9 aprilis umZimes wuTebSi misi uwmidesobis mier ganxorciele-

buli qmedeba xsnis aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi mosaxleobaSi misi

uryevi maRali avtoritetis saidumlos arss _ sxvis gadasarCenad

sakuTari Tavisa da avtoritetis argafrTxileba gaxda misi uw-

midesobis maRali avtoritetis mTavari safuZveli. keTili saqmis

warmatebiT damTavrebisTvis, saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis dacvisT-

vis da, Tundac, erTi adamianis gadarCenisa da misi swori gziT warm-

arTvisaTvis mas SeuZlia sakuTari avtoritetis aradCagdeba; iseve,

rogorc sakuTari personis wina planze arwarmoCinebis Tviseba

gaxda safuZveli misi gamorCeulobisa.

9 aprilis Semdeg patriarqi kidev ufro aqtiurad gverdiT

edga xalxs da SeZlebisdagvarad cdilobda swori mimarTuleba

mieca momxdari movlenis Sefasebisa da damoukideblobisa da Tavi-

suflebisTvis brZolis saqmisTvis. imavdroulad, iRvwvoda samSob-

losaTvis SewirulTa jerovani pativis migebisa da maTi ojaxebis

tragediis Sesamsubuqeblad. aucileblad unda aRvniSnoT, rom am

25 wlis ganmavlobaSi erTxelac ar wamoscdenia, miniSnebac ki ar

hqonia _ „dagejerebinaT CemTvis“ an „Cemi azri rom gageTvalis-

winebinaT, msxverpli SeiZleba naklebi yofiliyo“ da sxva, rac misi

didbunebovnebis kidev erTi gamovlinebaa.

es da sxva faqtebi cxadyofs, rom misi uwmidesoba Tavisi didi

rwmeniT, locvis madliT, simtkiciT, sulieri funqciiTa da saxel-

mwifoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileobiT mudam sazogadoebriv-poli-

127

tikuri cxovrebis avangardSi iyo da aris. Bbevrad ganapiroba misi

uwmidesobisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis qmedebebma sanukvari miznis

_ saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebis _ ganxorcieleba.

saqarTvelos patriarqis mzera yovelTvis mimarTulia moma-

vlisken. dRes ukve axali amocanebia gadasaWreli. saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarqi cxovrebis amaRlebul miznebs usaxavs TiToeul

adamiansa da mTlianad sazogadoebas. farTo masStabiT amkvidrebs

erSi suliersa da zneobriv-moralur Rirebulebebs, jansaR erovnul

tradiciebs, qarTuli cxovrebis wesis maRal standartebs. dRes

swored igi warmoadgens erTiani erovnuli cnobierebis dacvisa da

saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da qarTveli eris TviTmyofadobas Sen-

arCunebis garants.

misi uwmidesoba Tavisi axali mowodebiT _ RmerTi, samSoblo, _ RmerTi, samSoblo,

adamiani adamiani _ miiswrafvis, raTa gaTiTokacebuli qarTuli sazogado-

ebaTavisi uflebebisa da movaleobebis mcodne da damcvel Tavisufal

pirovnebaTa erTobad ixilos, aqcios igi erTian Sekrul mrevlad,

romelic mis winaSe mdgar Tanamedrove gamowvevebsa da problemebs

RvTis SewevniT aucileblad dasZlevs.

128

vaxtang gurulivaxtang guruli

gardaqmna da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlagardaqmna da sabWoTa kavSiris daSla

1991 wlis 8 dekembers msoflios istoriaSi umniSvnelovanesi

movlena moxda: arseboba Sewyvita zesaxelmwifom – sabWoTa social-sabWoTa social-

isturi respublikebis kavSirmaisturi respublikebis kavSirma. msoflios politikuri rukidan

sabWoTa kavSiris gaqroba TavisTavad erTmniSvnelovan movlenas ar

warmoadgenda. praqtikulad, adgili hqonda or erTmaneTTan dakav-

Sirebul, magram amave dros gansxvavebul movlenas: sabWoTa politi-

kuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri, ideologiuri sistemis msxvrevas da

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlas damoukidebel, suverenul saxelmwifoebad.

orive movlena drosa da sivrceSi erTdroulad ganviTarda. swored

amiT iyo gapirobebuli is, rom uzarmazari samxedro-ekonomikuri

potencialis mqone da Tavisi hegemonisturi bunebiT cnobili ze-

saxelmwifo didi sisxlisRvrisa da omebis gareSe daiSala.

dasavluri samyaros (dasavleT evropis qveynebis, amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebis) brZola sabWoTa saxelmwifos (sabWoTa

ruseTis _ sabWoTa kavSiris) winaaRmdeg ramdenime periods moicavs.

1917-1941 wlebSi dasavluri samyaro brZolis formebad iyenebda

sabWoTa xelisuflebis arcnobas, qveynis SigniT antisabWoTa Zalebis

mxardaWerasa da samxedro intervencias, ekonomikur blokadas, dan-

arCeni msofliosagan sabWoTa kavSiris izolacias. es brZola uSe-

degod dasrulda. 1941-1945 wlebSi dasavluri samyaro ori miznis

miRwevas eswrafoda: germaniisa da misi mokavSireebis damarcxebasa

da sabWoTa kavSiris maqsimalurad dasustebas. 1945-1985 wlebSi

dasavluri samyaros, romlis lideroba meore msoflio omis Semd-

gom upirobod igdo xelT amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma, strate-

gia aseTi iyo: sabWoTa kavSiris daSla unda dawyebuliyo sabWoTa

politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri da ideologiuri sistemebis

msxvreviT. 1985–1991 wlebSi dasavlurma samyarom ukve mopovebuli

129

warmatebebiT isargebla da sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciis, sabWoTa

kavSiris daSlis kompleqsuri (sistemuri) programa aamoqmeda. ase

daiwyo „gardaqmnagardaqmna““ („(„ПерестройкаПерестройка“) – sabWoTasabWoTa sistemissistemis likvidacialikvidacia

dada sabWoTasabWoTa kavSiriskavSiris daSladaSla.

* * *

1985 wels dawyebuli „gardaqmna“ (sabWoTa sistemis likvi-

daciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis kompleqsuri programa),

romlis formaluri ideologoba mixeilmixeil gorbaCovsgorbaCovs xvda wilad,

ar yofila sabWoTa kavSiris politikur xelmZRvanelobaSi, qvey-

nis politikur elitaSi momwifebuli azris Sedegi. “gardaqmna”

sabWoTa kavSiris farglebs gareT (dasavlur samyaroSi) daige-

gma da mis mimdinareobaze kontroli qveynis garedanve xor-

cieldeboda. sabWoTasabWoTa kavSiriskavSiris politikuripolitikuri dada samxedrosamxedro elita,elita,

mTlianobaSimTlianobaSi aRebuli,aRebuli, imdenadimdenad uunarouunaro aRmoCndaaRmoCnda, romrom „gardaqmnisgardaqmnis““

saboloosaboloo mizanimizani verver amoicnoamoicno. mixeil gorbaCovis mier deklar-

irebuli „gardaqmna“ qveynis politikurma da samxedro elitam

xruSCov-breJnevis epoqis cnobil populistur RonisZiebebs

Seadara da garkveulwilad ironiiTac ki Sescqeroda emociebiT

datvirTul mixeil gorbaCovis gamosvlebs. Tavdapirvelad ise

Canda, rom am gamosvlebSi sagangaSoze bevrad meti saanekdoto

masala iyo. Tumca ase mxolod erTi SexedviT Canda. „gardaqmnis“

gegma ar iTvaliswinebda saboloo miznebis (sabWoTa sistemis

likvidaciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis) Tavidanve gacxade-

bas. „gardaqmna“ daiwyo XX saukunis 20–30-ian wlebSi Camoyal-

ibebuli e. w. „administraciuladministraciul-mbrZaneblurimbrZanebluri sistemissistemis““ kritikiT,

politikuri represiebis dagmobiT (nikita xruSCovis sayvareli

Temebi), ekonomikis ganviTarebis daCqarebis, xarisxobrivi maCven-

eblis gaumjobesebis, socialuri problemebis gadaWris, gania-

raRebis moTxovniT (leonid breJnevis sayvareli Temebi). Semdeg

popularuli gaxda lozungi, romelic socializmisaTvis „adami-adami-

130

anurianuri saxissaxis““ micemas moiTxovda. am lozungis arsSi seriozulad

garkveva arc aravis ucdia. daiwyo imisi ostaturi propaganda,

rom kerZo seqtoris waxalisebis, mravalpartiulobis damkvidre-

bis, aRmosavleT evropis daTmobis, msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis

(magaliTad, avRaneTis) Sinaur saqmeebSi samxedro–politikuri

Carevis Sewyvetis sanacvlod SenarCunebuli iqneboda zesaxelm-

wifo _ sabWoTa kavSiri. xruSCov-breJnevis epoqaSi formirebu-

li sabWoTa politikuri da samxedro elita imdenad ususuri

aRmoCnda, rom mosalodneli safrTxe ver SeniSna, ver gaacnobi-

era elementaruli WeSmariteba: sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciis sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciis

SemTxvevaSi TviT sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobas seriozuli sa-SemTxvevaSi TviT sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobas seriozuli sa-

frTxe emuqrebodafrTxe emuqreboda. „gardaqmnis“ ideologebi, erTi mxriv, sabWoTa

politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri da ideologiuri sistemis

ngreviT SeSfoTebul politikur da samxedro elitas sabWoTa

kavSiris SenarCunebis garantias aZlevdnen, xolo, meore mxriv,

mokavSire respublikebSi sul ufro mzard erovnul moZraobas

farulad „sabWoTa imperiis“ ngrevisaken mouwodebdnen.

mixeil gorbaCovma erT-erT Tavis gamosvlaSi leonid breJnevis

mmarTvelobis periods (1964–1982 ww.) „uZraobisuZraobis““ wlebi uwoda. mix-

eil gorbaCovs politikuri mosazrebiT ar uTqvams, rom „uZraobisuZraobis““

da Tanac „didididi uZraobisuZraobis““ periodi daiwyo ara 1964 wlidan, aramed

gacilebiT adre da igi erTnairad exeboda rogorc nikita xruSCovis

(1953-1964 ww.), ise leonid breJnevis (1964-1982 ww.) mmarTvelobis

periodebs. procesi Seuqcevadi iyo da igi gagrZelda 1982-1985 wleb-

Sic (iuri andropovisa da konstantine Cernenkos mmarTvelobis peri-

odSi) anu im periodSi, romelsac „katafalkebiTkatafalkebiT rbolasrbolas““ uwodebenuwodeben.

sabWoTa sistemis ngrevisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis ten-

denciebma Tavi iCina jer kidev ioseb stalinis mmarTvelobis

periodSi. am tendenciebis Sesaxeb imxanad aravin saubrobda. ase-

Ti ganwyobileba gagrZelda ioseb stalinis sikvdilis (1953 w.)

Semdegac. ioseb stalinis mier Seqmnil sistemas stabilurobis

ramdenime sartyeli hqonda, ris gamoc misi erTi SeteviT, erT-

131

baSad mospoba warmoudgeneli iyo. stabilurobis TiToeuli sar-

tyeli cal-calke unda daZleuliyo. es imas niSnavda, rom mTeli

sistemis sabolood mospobas didi dro dasWirdeboda. iosebioseb

stalinisstalinis miermier SeqmniliSeqmnili sistemissistemis stabilurobisstabilurobis ukanaskneliukanaskneli sar-sar-

tyelityeli moispomoispo miwismiwis gayidvisgayidvis dakanonebiTdakanonebiT. es ki ruseTSi XX da

XXI saukuneTa mijnaze moxda, anu sistemis ngreva daaxloebiT

50 weli gagrZelda.

nikita xruSCovis moRvaweobis arsi gamoixateboda SemdegSi: sx-sx-

vadasxvavadasxva garemoebis wyalobiTgaremoebis wyalobiT mopovebulimopovebuli ZalauflebisaZalauflebisa dada ze-ze-

saxelmwifossaxelmwifos marTvismarTvis sadaveebissadaveebis SenarCunebaSenarCuneba. yovelive es kargad

Cans 1953–1956 wlebSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Suqze: lavrenti

berias mkvleloba, Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosa da saxelmwifo uSiS-

roebis saministros xelmZRvanel muSakTa (ministrebi, moadgileebi,

sammarTveloebis ufrosebi) ganadgureba moskovsa da mokavSire res-

publikebSi; ioseb stalinis momxreebis e.w. „antipartiuli jgufis“

ganadgureba; mokavSire respublikebis politikuri xelmZRvanelobis

Secvla; sakadro cvlilebebi armiasa da flotSi da sxv.

nikita xruSCoviseulma „daTbobamdaTbobam“ niadagi moumzada mixeil

gorbaCoviseul „gardaqmnasgardaqmnas““, nikita xruSCovma Caatara eqsperimenti,

romelmac pasuxi gasca kiTxvebs: 1) ramdeni weli SeiZleba gasta-

nos zesaxelmwifoSi „mmarTvelobiTma absurdma“; 2) ramdeni weli

SeiZleba takimasxaram gaumarTlebeli, gauazrebeli eqsperimentebiT

gegmazomierad angrios zesaxelmwifo. dRes am kiTxvaze Cven Segvi-

Zlia zusti pasuxi gavceT: aTiaTi weliweli.

„daTbobisa“ da „gardaqmnis“ periodebis Sedarebisas yuradRe-

bas ipyrobs erTi garemoeba: mixeil gorbaCovs gverdSi edga kargad

organizebuli, udaod niWieri da ganaTlebuli adamianebis jgufi,

nikita xruSCovi ki „mmarTvelobiT absurdSi“ praqtikulad mar-

todmarto moqmedebda. dRes Cven ver vupasuxebT metad mniSvnelo-

van kiTxvas: sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciasa da sabWoTa kavSiris

daSlaSi vis ekuTvnis pirveloba – mixeil gorbaCovs Tu nikita

xruSCovs? Tumca am kiTxvas 1964 wels garkveulwilad upasuxa

132

oTxmocdaaTi wlis uinston CerCilma: „amJamad cocxalia adamiani,

romelmac sabWoTa qveyanas imaze 1000-jer meti ziani miayena, vidre

me. esaa nikita xruSCovi. modiT, taSi davukraT mas!“

nikita xruSCovis moRvaweobis Sefasebisas aucilebelia dais-

vas kiTxva: XX saukunis 50-iani wlebis damdegis politikurma da

samxedro elitam rogor dauSva ioseb stalinis Semdeg zesaxelmwi-

fos politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi iseTi medrovis mosvla,

rogoric nikita xruSCovi iyo? mTeli pasuxismgebloba ekisreba

politikur da samxedro elitas, im politikosebs da samxedroebs,

romelTac 1953 wels nikita xruSCovi imave motiviT gaapirvelkac-

es, ra motiviTac 1613 wels ruseTis saerobo krebam mefed airCia

yvela kandidats Soris uaresi – axalgazrda, magram ukve fiziku-

rad dauZlurebuli (gadaadgileba uWirda) da gonebasusti mixeil

romanovi. ioseb stalini ise gardaicvala, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi ar

arsebula saxelmwifo xelisuflebis cvlis meqanizmi. konstitucia

faratina qaRalds warmoadgenda; yvela donis arCevnebi (maT Soris

umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo organosic) maskaradad iyo qceuli; ze-

saxelmwifo konstituciisa da kanonebis gverdiT avliT imarTeboda;

umaRles sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis organoe-

bze, yvela kanonze da konstituciaze maRla idga erTi adamianis

neba. yovelive aman ganapiroba is, rom iosebioseb stalinisstalinis gardacvalebisgardacvalebis

SemdegSemdeg daiwyodaiwyo xelisuflebisaTvisxelisuflebisaTvis brZolabrZola, romelicromelic arafriTarafriT arar iyoiyo

reglamentirebulireglamentirebuli. eses iyoiyo „brZolabrZola wesebiswesebis gareSe“gareSe“.

ioseb stalinis gardacvalebis Semdeg xelisuflebisTvis daw-

yebul “wesebis gareSe brZolaSi” nikita xruSCovs SemTxveviT ar

gaumarjvia. jer kidev ioseb stalinis sicocxlis bolo wlebSi

sabWoTa kavSiris politikur da samxedro elitaSi, qveynis politi-

kur xelmZRvanelobaSi momwifda azri, romelic SeiZleba Semdenai-

rad gamoixatos: : ìoseb stalinis mmarTvelobis dasasruli ar unda ìoseb stalinis mmarTvelobis dasasruli ar unda

gamxdariyo lavrenti berias mmarTvelobis dasawyisi~. gamxdariyo lavrenti berias mmarTvelobis dasawyisi~. sabWoTa kav-

Siris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi ormocdacameti wlis

lavrenti berias mosvla imas niSnavda, rom kremlSi qarTvelTa

133

batonoba kidev didxans gagrZeldeboda.

nikita xruSCovis „mmarTvelobiTi absurdis“ periodis (1953–

1964 ww.) mTavari uaryofiTi Sedegi mainc is iyo, rom daiwyo

sabWoTa sistemis, sabWoTa kavSiris TviTkomprometaciis procesi.

am procesis dawyeba umTavresad gapirobebuli iyo ara dasavluri

samyaros specsamsaxurebis mizanswrafuli moqmedebebiT, aramed

pirvel rigSi, piradad nikita xruSCovis, qveynis politikuri xe-

lmZRvanelobis da imdroindeli politikuri da samxedro elitis

ugunuri, antisaxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweobiT. am ugnurebis erT-

erT gamovlinebas warmoadgenda is, rom ekonomikisa da social-

ur urTierTobaTa sferoSi, grZelvadiani programebis SemuSavebis

procesSi, ugulebelyofili iyo mecnierebis roli.

1964 wlis oqtomberSi ganxorcielebuli gadatrialebis Se-

degad sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi

leonid breJnevileonid breJnevi movida. iseve, rogorc 1953 wels, 1964 welsac

adgili hqonda `brZolas wesebis gareSe~. xelisuflebis gadacemis

konstituciuri meqanizmi kvlavac ar arsebobda. nikita xruSCovis

winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebaSi monawileoba leonid breJnevis mxridan

Zalian gabedul nabijs warmoadgenda. manamde igi ar gamoirCeoda

gansakuTrebuli aqtiurobiT, ar iyo gabeduli, riskiani adamiani.

sruliad bunebrivad ismis kiTxva: saerTod, ratom dadga leo-

nid breJnevis gapirvelkacebis sakiTxi? nikita xruSCovis ga-

dayenebas sakmaod gamocdili adamianebi amzadeben. maT kargad

icodnen, Tu ra araraobas warmoadgenda leonid breJnevi, Tumca

arCevani mainc masze SeaCeres. es ganpirobebuli iyo ori mizeziT:

Tu nikita xruSCovis winaaRmdeg mowyobili SeTqmuleba gamJRavn-

deboda, SeTqmulebi yvelafers leonid breJnevs gadaabralebdnen;

SeTqmulebis warmatebis SemTxvevaSi leonid breJnevi ki gapir-

velkacdeboda, magram, SeTqmulTa azriT, garkveuli periodis Sem-

deg misi Tavidan mocileba advili iqneboda.

marTalia, leonid breJnevi ar ganekuTvneboda Tanamdebobrivi daw-

inaurebisaTvis, xelisuflebisaTvis aqtiurad mebrZol adamianebs, magram

134

es imas sulac ar niSnavda, rom igi zedmiwevniT kargad ar flobda

xelisuflebisaTvis brZolis meTodebs. es codna leonid breJnevma

SesaniSnavad gamoiyena misive TanamebrZolebis qveynis politikuri xe-

lmZRZvanelobidan gandevnis procesSi. leonid breJnevi niWiT, poli-

tikosisaTvis aucilebeli alRoTi, gamocdilebiT, mizandasaxulobiT,

gabedulebiT bevrad Camouvardeboda nikita xruSCovs. leonidleonid breJnevsbreJnevs

arar hqondahqonda arcarc politikosispolitikosis, arcarc diplomatisdiplomatis, arcarc mxedarTmTavrismxedarTmTavris

niWiniWi. es iyo gaunaTlebeli adamiani. Tu yvela monacems gavaanalizebT,

cxadi gaxdeba, rom leonid breJnevi SeiZleboda yofiliyo sameurneo

xaziT – kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomare an qarxnis direqtori, partiuli

xaziT – skkp saqalaqo an raionuli komitetis mdivani. am Tanamdebobeb-

ze muSaobaSic mas didad SeuSlida xels ori uaryofiTi Tviseba –

sizarmace da loToba. Tu ioseb stalinis ocdaaTwliani mmarTvelobis

Semdgom SesaZlebeli gaxda nikita xruSCovisnairi uRirsis zesaxel-

mwifos politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi mosvla, cxadia, arafe-

ria sakvirveli imaSi, rom nikita xruSCovis aTwliani „mmarTvelobiTimmarTvelobiTi

absurdisabsurdis“ Semdeg sabWoTa kavSirSi xelisuflebis saTaveSi aRmoCnda

kidev ufro uRirsi leonid breJnevi. nikitanikita xruSCovmaxruSCovma daamtkicadaamtkica, romrom

saxelmwifosaxelmwifo SeiZlebaSeiZleba sulelmacsulelmac marTosmarTos, leonidleonid breJnevmabreJnevma kiki daamtkicadaamtkica,

romrom saxelmwifosaxelmwifo SeiZlebaSeiZleba saerTodsaerTod arar marTomarTo...

leonid breJnevis mosvla qveynis politikuri xelmZRvanelo-

bis saTaveSi imas niSnavda, rom sabWoTa wyobilebis, sabWoTa kav-

Siris TviTkomprometaciisTviTkomprometaciis procesi kidev ufro gaRrmavdeboda da

Seuqcevadi gaxdeboda.

nikita xruSCovi garemocvisaTvis ase Tu ise umarTavi pirovneba

iyo, misi moqmedebis prognozireba Zneli gaxldaT. politikur da

samxedro elitas, umniSvnelovanes saxelmwifo da partiul Tanam-

debobebze myof adamianebs garantirebuli araferi hqondaT. leonid

breJnevs ki garemocva, ufro zustad klani, marTavda. klani qvey-

anas Zarcvavda da mxolod pirad keTildReobaze zrunavda. sabWoTa

kavSiris umaRles politikur xelmZRvanelobaSi klanuri mmarTv-

elobis damyarebas mohyva klanuri mmarTvelobis damyareba mokav-

135

Sire respublikebis xelmZRvanelobasa da ufro dabal rgolebSic

(olqebSi, qalaqebSi). klanebis Zalaufleba SeuzRudavi iyo rogorc

centrSi, ise adgilebze (respublikebSi, olqebSi, qalaqebSi). leonid

breJnevis klanis neba kanonze da TviT konstituciaze maRla idga.

ratom ar gauwia klanuri mmarTvelobis damyarebas winaaRmdegoba

sabWoTa kavSiris politikurma da samxedro elitam? nikita xruS-

Covis „mmarTvelobiTi qaosis“ aTwleulis Semdeg politikuri da

samxedro elita mSvid cxovrebas eswrafoda, klanuri mmarTveloba

ki swored mSvidi cxovrebis sawindari iyo. politikurmapolitikurma dada samx-samx-

edroedro elitamelitam saxelmwifossaxelmwifos interesebiinteresebi ugulvebelyougulvebelyo, uwyebrivuwyebriv anan

regionalurregionalur klanebSiklanebSi mokalaTdamokalaTda dada mSvidimSvidi cxovrebacxovreba daiwyodaiwyo. nikitanikita

xruSCoviseulixruSCoviseuli „mmarTvelobiTimmarTvelobiTi qaosiqaosi“ leonidleonid breJneviseulmabreJneviseulma „mS-mS-

vidmavidma mmarTvelobammmarTvelobam“ Secvala.

leonid breJnevis klanma gansakuTrebiT didi raodenobiT fu-

lis miTviseba XX saukunis 70-iani wlebis damdegidan daiwyo.

ekonomikis ngrevac am periodidan gansakuTrebiT Zlierdeba. klanur-klanur-

mama azrovnebamazrovnebam saerTodsaerTod CaklaCakla saxelmwifoebrivisaxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba.azrovneba. sabWoTa

kavSirSi Camoyalibeba daiwyo „CrdilovanmaCrdilovanma ekonomikamekonomikam“. Crdilovani

ekonomika nTqavda saxelmwifo ekonomikas, batonobda masze.

`Crdilovanma ekonomikam~ da saxelmwifo qonebis Zarcvam moSa-

la sabWoTa (saxelmwifo) ekonomika, korufciis damkvidrebam xeli-

suflebis yvela rgolSi (gansakuTrebiT _ Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-

tros, prokuraturasa da sasamarTlo sistemaSi) Ziri gamouTxara

socialur da politikur sistemas. leonid breJnevis mmarTvelobis

dasasrulisaTvis (XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis damdegs) sabWoTa

kavSirSi fufunebiT cxovrobda daaxloebiT 600 aTasi ojaxi (2,5-

3 milioni adamiani). yovelwliurad am ojaxebis mier moxmarebu-

li fulis saerTo raodenobaSi (100%) oficialuri SemosavliT

(xelfasiT) miRebuli fuli mxolod 1-3%-s udrida. am 600 aTasi

ojaxidan umravlesobas Seadgendnen e.w. nomenklaturuli muSakebi,

romlebic „Crdilovani ekonomikidan“ iRebdnen ukanono Semosavals,

an hqondaT sxva ukanono Semosavali.

136

cxadia, leonid breJnevi uZluri iyo Seeqmna xelisuflebis

Secvlis saimedo sistema. es sistema unda damyareboda sabWoTa

kavSiris konstitucias. xelisuflebis Secvlis saimedo, konsti-

tuciuri meqanizmis ararseboba leonid breJnevis sicocxlis bolo

wlebSi amwvavebda xelisuflebisaTvis brZolas. amis gamo leonid

breJnevis gardacvalebac saidumloebiTaa moculi.

leonid breJnevis politikuri memkvidre iuriiuri andropoviandropovi (1982-

1984 ww.) saidumloebiT mocul viTarebaSi movida sabWoTa kavSiris

politikur xelmZRvanelobaSi. 1967 wels leonid breJnevma, TviT

skkp centraluri komitetis politbiuros wevrebisaTvis moulod-

nelad, saswrafod, SeTiTxnili braldebiT Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisu-

fla sabWoTa kavSiris ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli saxelmwifo

uSiSroebis komitetis Tavmjdomare vv. semiCastnisemiCastni da mis nacvlad

iuri andropovi daniSna. leonid breJnevis gardacvalebis droi-

saTvis (1982 w.) iuri andropovs ukve didi avtoriteti hqonda.

man daZlia konkurent konstantine Cernenkosa da misi momxreebis

winaaRmdegoba da sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis

saTaveSi aRmoCnda. iuri andropovi iyo adamiani, romelic kargad

uTavsebda erTmaneTs garegnulgaregnul liberalizmsaliberalizmsa dada SinaganSinagan sisastikessisastikes.

1983 wlis ivnisSi skkp centraluri komitetis plenumze iuri

andropovma ganacxada: 1) saTanado doneze ar iyo Seswavlili sabWo-

Ta sazogadoeba, kerZod, am sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli kanon-

zomierebani, gansakuTrebiT ekonomikuri, 2) yovelive zemoT Tqmuli

gaxda mizezi imisa, rom sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvan-

eloba moqmedebda empiriulad, araracionalurad, cdebiTa da Sec-

domebiT. iuri andropovis es sityvebi maSinve sxvadasxvagvarad iqna

gagebuli, eZebdnen qveteqsts. erT–erTi versiiT iuri andropovs

undoda eTqva: sabWoTa politikuri xelmZRvaneloba, sabWoTa ide-

ologia mecnierebs ar aZlevda saSualebas realurad, obieqturad

SeefasebinaT sabWoTa sistema, misi ganviTarebis kanonzomierebani da

miRweuli Sedegebi.

sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi mosu-

137

li iuri andropovi Tavisi xanmokle moRvaweobis manZilze erTa-

derT mizans isaxavda: zesaxelmwifoszesaxelmwifos miyvanamiyvana srulsrul absurdamdeabsurdamde. am

miznis miRwevisaTvis brZolas igi ostaturad niRbavda, magaliTad,

iseTi populisturi RonisZiebiT, rogorc iyo SromiTi disciplinis

aRdgena warmoebebsa da dawesebulebebSi.

iuri andropovis sikvdili iseve saidumloebiTaa moculi, rogorc

leonid breJnevisa. iuri andropovis politikuri memkvidre konstan-konstan-

tinetine CernenkoCernenko (1984-1985), marTalia, ukve mZimed avadmyofi movida

sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi, magram arse-

bobs versia, rom misi gardacvalebac xelovnurad daaCqares.

leonid breJnevis gardacvalebis (1982 w.) Semdeg vinc ar unda

mosuliyo sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTave-

Si, sabWoTa sistemis, sabWoTa kavSiris SenarCuneba SeuZlebeli iyo,

dasavlur samyaros specsamsaxurebs imdenad Zlieri pozicia hqondaT,

rom arasasurveli politikuri lideris Tavidan mocileba maTTvis

did sirTules ar warmoadgenda. dasavluri samyaros specsamsax-

urebis did gamarjvebas warmoadgenda is, rom sabWoTa politikur

da samxedro elitas sabWoTa sistemis, sabWoTa kavSiris gadarCenis

gegmis monaxazic ki ar gaaCnda, xolo dasavlur samyaros ki ukve

mzad hqonda sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris

daSlis kompleqsuri programa.

ioseb stalinis gardacvalebiT axali epoqa daiwyo sabWoTa

sistemis istoriaSi – daiwyo ngreva. ngrevis periodi sakmaod didx-

ans gagrZelda. igi moicavs nikita xruSCovis „mmarTvelobiTimmarTvelobiTi qa-qa-

osisosis“ periods (1953-1964 ww.), leonid breJnevis „mSvidimSvidi mmarTve-mmarTve-

lobislobis“ periods (1964-1982 ww.), iuri andropovisa da konstantine

Cernenkos mmarTvelobis periods anu „katafalkebis rbolis“ peri-

ods (1982-1985 ww.). sabWoTa sistemis likvidacia da sabWoTa kav-

Siris daSla dasrulda mixeil gorbaCovis mmarTvelobis periodiT

anu „gardaqmnisgardaqmnis“ periodiT (1985-1991 ww.).

„gardaqmnis“ periodSi (1985–1991 ww.) sabWoTa sistemis likvi-

dacia da sabWoTa kavSiris daSla meTodurad xorcieldeboda. 1986

138

wlis 19 noembers miRebuli iqna kanoni individualuri SromiTi

saqmianobis Sesaxeb. 1988 wlis 26 maiss miRebuli iqna kanoni ko-

operaciis Sesaxeb. am ori kanoniT daiwyo sabWoTa sistemis ekono-

mikuri da socialuri safuZvlebis ngreva. 1988 wlis zafxulSi

azerbaijanis SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli mTiani yarabaRis avtonomi-

uri olqis sakanonmdeblo organom miiRo dadgenileba somxeTTan

SeerTebis Sesaxeb. amiT daiwyo sabWoTa kavSiris administraci-

ul–teritoriuli sistemis ngreva. 1989 wels „gardaqmnis“ ge-

gmis Tanaxmad sabWoTa kavSiris umaRles sakanonmdeblo organod

gamocxadda „saxalxo deputatTa yriloba“. winaswarve iyo cnobili,

rom yrilobaze centriskenuli da centridanuli Zalebis balansi

am ukanasknelis sasargeblod iqneboda – mokavSire respublikebi su-

verenitets moiTxovdnen. Semdeg daiwyeboda mokavSire respublikeb-

Si arsebuli avtonomiuri warmonaqmnebis mokavSire respublikebidan

gasvlisaTvis moZraoba. moskovi am procesebis marTvas veRar Se-

Zlebda. 1991 wlis agvistoSi moskovSi daiwyo winaswar dagegmili

„putCi“. mixeil gorbaCovma „putCi“ SesaniSnavad gamoiyena „gar-

daqmnis“ mowinaaRmdege Zalebis gamoaSkaravebisa da ganadgurebisaT-

vis. 1990-1991 wlebSi saxelmwifoebrivi suverenitetis aRdgena da

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba gamoacxades sabWoTa kavSirSi

Semavalma mokavSire respublikebma. 1991 wlis 8 dekembers ruseTs,

ukrainasa da belorusias Soris dadebuli beloveJis SeTanxmebiT

sabWoTa kavSirma, rogorc saxwelmwifom arseboba Sewyvita.

sabWoTa sistemis ngrevam da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis pirvelma

niSnebma, rogorc aRvniSneT, jer kidev ioseb stalinis sikvdilis

(1953 w.) Semdeg iCina Tavi. es procesi Seuqcevadad ganviTarda

nikita xruSCovisa (1953-1964 ww.) da leonid breJnevis (1964-

1982 ww.) mmarTvelobis wlebSi. sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciam da

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam sistemuri xasiaTi miiRo 1985 wlidan

„gardaqmnis“ dawyebiT.

is, rac „gardaqmnis“ wlebSi daingra, sam ierarqiul doned Sei-

Zleba warmovidginoT: pirvelipirveli ierarqiuliierarqiuli donedone warmodgenili iyo: a)

139

msoflios socialisturi sistemiT (politikuri TvalsazrisiT), b)

ekonomikuri urTierTdaxmarebis sabWoTi (ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT),

g) varSavis xelSekrulebis organizaciiT (samxedro TvalsazrisiT).

„gardaqmnis“ gegmis Tanaxmad, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlamde, 1989-1990

wlebSi, swored pirveli ierarqiuli done iqna likvidirebuli. meoremeore

ierarqiuliierarqiuli donedone warmodgenili iyo TxuTmeti mokavSire respublikiT.

respublikebSi mudam SeimCneoda centriskenuli da centridanuli Za-

lebis dapirispireba. 1922-1953 wlebSi centridanuli Zalebis yovel-

gvari qmedeba sastikad isjeboda. amave dros 1922-1953 wlebSi yvela

mokavSire respublika ganicdida gareSe Zalis gavlenas. magaliTad,

litva, litvia da estoneTi dasavleT evropis civilizaciis gavlenas

ganicdida, yazaxeTi, uzbekeTi, TurqmeneTi, yirgizeTi, tajikeTi da azer-

baijani aRmosavluri anu islamuri civilizaciis gavlenis sferos

warmoadgenda, saqarTvelo dasavluri samyaros Rirebulebebs miiCnevda

idealad. sabWoTa kavSiris decentralizaciis procesi naTlad ikveTe-

boda nomenklaturuli klanebis Camoyalibebis fonze. aseT nomenkla-

turul klanebs ganekuTvnebodnen: dnepropetrovskidnepropetrovski – kievikievi (ukrainaukraina),

sverdlovskisverdlovski – uraliurali, CrdiloCrdilo kavkasiakavkasia, leningradileningradi, moskovimoskovi (ruseTi).

sabWoTa kavSiri mTlianobaSi aRebuli warmoadgenda mizanswra-

ful sistemas, magram sistemis saboloo miznad komunizmis aSenebis

gamocxadeba moklebuli iyo yovelgvar realobas.

1985-1991 wlebSi sabWoTa sistemis ngreva amgvarad ganxor-

cielda:

pirvelpirvel etapzeetapze arsebobda Zlieri da erTiani sakavSirosakavSiro cen-cen-

tritri. mokavSire respublikebs mxolod am centrTan hqondaT kavSiri.

sagareo kavSirurTierTobani saerTo iyo da imave centridan imarTe-

boda. arsebobda erTiani saxelmwifo sazRvari. meoremeore etapzeetapze Zlieri

Zveli centris nacvlad Seiqmna ramdenime centri. am periodisaTvis

aRar arsebobs erTiani saxelmwifo sazRvari, axali centrebi damou-

kidebel (suverenul) saxelmwifoTa TanamegobrobaSi gaerTiandnen

(1991 w.). yoveli centri damoukideblad axorcielebda sagareo

kavSirurTierTobebs.

140

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlaSi gadamwyveti roli Seasrules moka-

vSire respublikebma. mokavSire respublikebi samarTlebrivi Tval-

sazrisiT damoukidebel saxelmwifoebs warmoadgendnen. amasTan

erTad, ruseTi, ukraina da belorusia gaerTianebuli erebis organi-

zaciis wevrebi iyvnen. 1988–1991 wlebSi mokavSire respublikebSi

mimdinareobda Tvisobrivad axaliaxali elitiselitis Camoyalibeba. warmoiS-

va axali regionalurregionalur-administraciuliadministraciuli, ideologiuriideologiuri, ekonomikuriekonomikuri,

ZalovaniZalovani elitebielitebi. isini legalurad moqmedebdnen. axali elitis

dapirispirebas Zvel centrTan „gardaqmnis“faruli reJisori mx-

ardaWeras ucxadebda da yovelmxriv axalisebda. litvaSi jer kidev

damoukideblobis oficialurad gamocxadebamde Camoyalibda „qveynis

dacvis departamenti“.

moskovSi Camoyalibda Zveli (sakavSiro) centris paraleluri

struqtura – marTvismarTvis damoukidebelidamoukidebeli centricentri (ruseTis federaciis

politikuri xelmZRvaneloba). axalma centrma miiTvisa Zveli cen-

tris saerTo-sakavSiro funqciebi. axaliaxali (ruseTis)(ruseTis) centricentri Semdeg

garigebaze wavida mokavSire respublikebis centrebTan da maTi dax-

marebiT teritoriuli danakargebis safasurad Tavidan moicila Zve-Zve-

lili (sakavSirosakavSiro) centricentri. meTodurad, erTmaneTis miyolebiT ingreoda

mokavSire respublikebis kavSirebi Zveli centrTan (informaciuli,

finansuri da sxv.). baltiispireTis qveynebma sazRvarze aamoqmedes

sabaJo. SemdegSi miaRwies imas, rom sabWoTa kavSiris deputatTa

sabWoebis yrilobam ekonomikuri eqsperimentis Sesaxeb miRebuli

dadgenilebiT daakanona am sabaJos moqmedeba. Zveli centris ugul-

vebelyofis fonze mokavSire respublikebis centrebi cdilobdnen

sakavSiro biujetidan mieRoT rac SeiZleba meti. mokavSire res-

publikebis axali elita amas Zalian advilad axerxebda, axerxebda

ara diplomatiuri niWis wyalobiT, aramed imitom, rom es procesi

sanqcirebuli iyo im ZalTa mier, romelmac SeimuSava „gardaqmna“

– sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis kom-

pleqsuri programa.

sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis

141

gegmaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ekava sabWoTa kavSiris komunis-

turi partiis (skkp), rogorc sabWoTa sistemis da zesaxelmwifos

warmarTveli politikuri Zalis, neitralizacias. skkp dasusteba da

neitralizacia advili saqme ar iyo. „gardaqmnis“ gegma am SemTxveva-

Sic unaklo aRmoCnda. am gegmis Tanaxmad, unda momxdariyo „gardaqm-

nis“ mowinaaRmdege skkp elitis (politikuri moRvaweebi, diplo-

matebi, samxedroebi da a.S.) darazmva da saxelmwifo gadatrialebis

mcdelobis provocireba. es scena SesaniSnavad iqna gaTamaSebuli

1991 wlis agvistoSi. ,,putCis” likvidacviis Semdeg komunisturi

elita erTi xelis mosmiT iqna neitralizebuli – sabWoTa kavSiris

komunisturma partiam politikuri asparezi datova.

1991 wlis agvistos ,,putCis” damarcxebiT mixeil gorbaCov-

ma, marTalia, ,,gardaqmnis” (e. i. sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciisa da

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis) mowinaaRmdege Zalebi umtkivneulod Ca-

moaSora politikur asparezs, magram dasavluri samyarosaTvis pi-

radad man funqcia dahkarga. mixeil gorbaCovma “gardaqmnis” pro-

gramis realizebaSi, “gardaqmnis” momxre da mowinaaRmdege Zalebis

dapirispirebaSi mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula. axal rols mas aRar

sTavazobdnen. axali samokavSireo xelSekrulebis mixeil gorbaCov-

iseuli idea, rogorc aRvniSneT, “gardaqmnis” programas“ ewinaaRmde-

geboda. 1991 wlis agvistos putCis Semdeg mixeil gorbaCovi, marTa-

lia, jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris prezidentad rCeboda, magram TviT

zesaxelmwifos dReebi daTvlili iyo. Zveli (sakavSiro) centri

praqtikulad aRar funqcionirebda, sabWoTa kavSirs sivrceSi da-

moukideblad amoqmedda TxuTmeti centri. sabWoTa kavSiris daSla

ukve realoba iyo. rCeboda mxolod formaluri aqti. es dRec Sors

aRar iyo. 1991 wlis 8 dekembers belorusiaSi, beloveJSi, ruseTis

federaciis, ukrainisa da belorusis SeTanxmebiT sabWoTa kavSirma

arseboba Sewyvita.

sabWoTa kavSiris daSliT (1991 w.) ar dasrulebula sabWoTa

sistemis likvidacia. es procesi, sul mcire, aTi weli mainc gagr-

Zelda da XXI saukunis damdegs dasrulda.

142

1990–1991 wlebSi centridanulma Zalebma aSkarad Zlies cen-

triskenul Zalebs – ZveliZveli (sakavSiro)(sakavSiro) centricentri butaforiadbutaforiad iqcaiqca. amam

procesisprocesis TanadrouladTanadroulad mimdinareobdamimdinareobda meoremeore, paraleluriparaleluri procesiprocesi:

ZveliZveli centriscentris diqtatsdiqtats TavdaRweuliTavdaRweuli yofiliyofili mokavSiremokavSire respub-respub-

likebilikebi – axaliaxali damoukidebelidamoukidebeli saxelmwifoebisaxelmwifoebi – imTaviTveimTaviTve eqceod-eqceod-

nennen dasavluridasavluri samyarossamyaros romelimeromelime qveynisqveynis gavlenisgavlenis qveSqveS, xoloxolo yvelayvela

respublikarespublika ruseTisruseTis federaciasTanfederaciasTan erTad,erTad, saboloosaboloo jamSi,jamSi, aRmoCndaaRmoCnda

amerikisamerikis SeerTebuliSeerTebuli StatebisStatebis gavlenisgavlenis sferoSisferoSi.

ratom ganxorcielda ase warmatebiT 1985-1991 wlebSi sabWoTa

sistemis likvidaciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis gegma („gardaqm-

na“)? umTavresi mizezi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom 1953-1985 wlebSi, e.i.

sanam amoqmeddeboda sabWoTa sistemisa da sabWoTa kavSiris ngrevis

kompleqsuri gegma („gardaqmna“), manam momzadda niadagi „gardaqmnisaT-

vis“. leonid breJnevis mmarTvelobis periodSi dasavlurma samyarom,

pirvel rigSi, amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma, Tanamoazreebi gaiCina

sabWoTa kavSiris politikur xelmZRvanelobaSi, diplomatiur korpus-

Si, Zalovan struqturebSi, sainformacio centrebSi, praqtikulad, yvela

saxelmwifo uwyebaSi. dasavluri samyaros specsamsaxurebs hqondaT

absoluturad zusti informacia sabWoTa politikuri da samxedro

elitisa da Tanamdebobis pirTa ojaxis wevrebis ganwyobaTa Sesaxeb.

dasavleTis specsamsaxurebs informacia hqondaT ara marto uwyebis

pirvel pirTa, aramed umniSvnelovanesi uwyebebis sxva Tanamdebobis

pirTa ganwyobilebebis, aseve mokavSire respublikebis xelmZRvanelobis

Sesaxeb. imdroindeli sabWoTa politikuri elita idga dilemis winaSe:

sabWoTasabWoTa wyobilebiswyobilebis ucvleladucvlelad SenarCunebaSenarCuneba niSnavdaniSnavda imasimas, romrom Crdilo-Crdilo-

vanivani ekonomikidanekonomikidan miRebulimiRebuli SemosavlisSemosavlis (fulisfulis) legalizebaslegalizebas veras-veras-

drosdros verver moaxdendnenmoaxdendnen. arsebuliarsebuli (sabWoTasabWoTa) kanonmdeblobiTkanonmdeblobiT isiniisini dam-dam-

naSaveTanaSaveTa samyarossamyaros ganekuTvnebodnenganekuTvnebodnen dada politikuripolitikuri viTarebisviTarebis SecvlisSecvlis

SemTxvevaSiSemTxvevaSi kanoniskanonis mTelimTeli simkacriTsimkacriT daisjebodnendaisjebodnen. Crdilovani ekono-

mikis legalizeba SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda maSin, Tu moxdeboda sabWoTa

sistemis da, Sesabamisad, arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis likvidacia.

dagrovili fuli Crdilovan ekonomikasTan kavSirSi myof politi-

143

kur da samxedro elitas axali saxelmwifo sistemis (kapitalizmis)

pirobebSi kargi cxovrebis garantias aZlevda. swored amitom iyo, rom

CrdilovanCrdilovan ekonomikasTanekonomikasTan kavSirSikavSirSi myofimyofi politikuripolitikuri dada samxedrosamxedro

elitiselitis didididi nawilinawili pirdapirpirdapir anan arapirdapirarapirdapir dasavluridasavluri samyarossamyaros

specsamsaxurebisspecsamsaxurebis mokavSiremokavSire gaxdagaxda, sabWoTasabWoTa sistemissistemis ngrevaSingrevaSi CaebaCaeba.

xSirad yuradReba ar eqceva, an SedarebiT naklebi yuradReba

eTmoba, erT metad mniSvnelovan faqtors: meore msoflio omis

(1939–1945 ww.) Semdgom periodSi, gansakuTrebiT ki ioseb stalin-

is gardacvalebis (1953 w.) Semdgom sabWoTa kavSirSi, mosaxleo-

bis yvela fenaSi, gansakuTrebiT inteligenciaSi, TavisTavad, bune-

brivad, dasavluri samyaros specsamsaxurebis aqtiurobis gareSe

dRiTi-dRe izrdeboda im adamianebis ricxvi, romelic aidealebda

cxovrebis dasavlur wess, xolo yovelgvari sabWouri maTTvis

miuRebeli da autaneli xdeboda. es iyo sruliad kanonzomieri

Sedegi sabWoTa sistemis TviTkomprometaciisa, rac gansakuTrebiT

TvalsaCino gaxda leonid breJnevis mmarTvelobis wlebSi. es

adamianebi, maTi ricxvi ki 1985 wlisaTvis milionebiT ganisaz-

Rvreboda, „gardaqmnis“ (e.i. dasavluri samyaros specsamsaxurebis

gegmis) bunebriv mokavSired iqcnen.

nikita xruSCovi ioseb stalinis adgilas! _ iyo Tu ara es

SemTxveviToba? Cven vfiqrobT, rom ara! „sulelebissulelebis“ epoqisepoqis dadgomadadgoma

kanonzomierebakanonzomiereba iyoiyo. is sistema, romelic dauSvebs nikita xruSCo-

visnairi vigindarebis zesaxelmwifos politikuri xelmZRvanelobis

saTaveSi mosvlas, xolo aTi wlis Semdeg kidev ufro viginda-

ra leonid breJnevis gapirkvelkacebas, ganwirulia daRupvisaTvis.

ioseb stalins SemTxveviT ar uxmaria gamoTqma „sulelebissulelebis drodro“.

nikita xruSCovi erTi „sulelTaganisulelTagani“ iyo. mas gverds umSvenebdnen:

viaCeslav molotovi, giorgi malenkovi, nikoloz bulganini, lazar

kaganoviCi, kliment voroSilovi. vinc ar unda mosuliyo sabWoTa

kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi, Sedegi igive iqne-

boda. arcerT maTgans sabWoTa sistemis gardaqmnisaTvis saWiro arc

gonebrivi SesaZlebloba da arc survili ar gaaCnda. „gardaqmnam“

144

logikurad gaagrZela is, rac 1953–1985 wlebSi xdeboda.

XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis bolodan da 70-iani wlebis damde-

gidan sabWoTasabWoTa sistemissistemis likvidaciisalikvidaciisa dada sabWoTasabWoTa kavSiriskavSiris daSlisdaSlis

gegmagegma imitomimitom dagvirgvindadagvirgvinda warmatebiTwarmatebiT, romrom igiigi 1953–19851953–1985 wlebSiwlebSi

sabWoTasabWoTa kavSirSikavSirSi mimdinaremimdinare procesebisprocesebis mecnierulmecnierul analizsanalizs emyare-emyare-

boda,boda, yvela niuansi uaRresad zustad iyo gaTvlili. aris aseTi

gamoTqma: „isis, racrac iqmnebaiqmneba saukuneebissaukuneebis ganmavlobaSiganmavlobaSi – ingrevaingreva wamebSiwamebSi.

is,is, racrac iqmnebaiqmneba wlebiswlebis ganmavlobaSiganmavlobaSi – ingrevaingreva saaTebSisaaTebSi“. „gardaqmna“

amis dadasturebas warmoadgenda.

dasasrul, unda vupasuxoT kiTxvas: sabWoTa sistemis likvida-

cia da sabWoTa kavSiris daSla kanonzomiereba iyo Tu SeTqmulebis

Sedegi? sabWoTasabWoTa sistemasistema, sabWoTasabWoTa kavSirikavSiri meoremeore msofliomsoflio omisomis

(1939–1945(1939–1945 wwww.)) SemdgomSemdgom romrom ZireuliZireuli politikuripolitikuri, ekonomikuriekonomikuri da da

socialurisocialuri reformebisreformebis gareSegareSe didxansdidxans verver iarsebebda,iarsebebda, eses kanonzom-kanonzom-

ierebaiereba iyoiyo. amam mdgomareobamde sabWoTa sistema, obieqturi mizezebis mdgomareobamde sabWoTa sistema, obieqturi mizezebis

gamo, dasavluri samyaros zemoqmedebis gareSe mivida.gamo, dasavluri samyaros zemoqmedebis gareSe mivida. kanonzomierebakanonzomiereba

iyoiyo isic,isic, romrom iosebioseb stalinisstalinis gardacvalebisgardacvalebis SemdegSemdeg (1953–1964(1953–1964

wwww.) sabWoTasabWoTa kavSirSikavSirSi verver daiwyodaiwyo ZireuliZireuli reformebireformebi. sabWoTa sabWoTa

kavSiris umaRles politikur xelmZRvanelobas, qveynis politikur kavSiris umaRles politikur xelmZRvanelobas, qveynis politikur

elitas, reformebis gatarebis arc survili da arc inteleqtual-elitas, reformebis gatarebis arc survili da arc inteleqtual-

uri SesaZlebloba ar gaaCnda, zesaxelmwifo im politikosTa xelSi uri SesaZlebloba ar gaaCnda, zesaxelmwifo im politikosTa xelSi

aRmoCnda, romelTa Sexedulebebi XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi aRmoCnda, romelTa Sexedulebebi XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi

Camoyalibda da romlebic angariSs veRar uwevdnen meore msof-Camoyalibda da romlebic angariSs veRar uwevdnen meore msof-

lio omis Semdeg momxdar cvlilebebs. aselio omis Semdeg momxdar cvlilebebs. ase momwifdamomwifda xelsayreli xelsayreli

pirobebipirobebi imim SeTqmulebisSeTqmulebis organizebisaTvisorganizebisaTvis, romlisTvisacromlisTvisac dasavlu-dasavlu-

riri samyarosamyaro didxansdidxans dada guldasmiTguldasmiT emzadebodaemzadeboda. SeqmnilmaSeqmnilma viTarebamviTarebam

dasavlurdasavlur samyarossamyaros saSualebasaSualeba miscamisca aemoqmedebina daaemoqmedebina da warmatebiTwarmatebiT

ganexorcielebinaganexorcielebina sabWoTasabWoTa sistemissistemis likvidaciislikvidaciis, sabWoTasabWoTa kavSiri-kavSiri-

sasa dada mTelimTeli socialisturisocialisturi sistemissistemis daSlisdaSlis kargadkargad gaazrebuligaazrebuli

programaprograma, romlisromlis bolobolo (sistemuri)(sistemuri) etapietapi istoriaSiistoriaSi „gardaqmnisgardaqmnis“

(1985–1991 ww(1985–1991 ww.) saxelwodebiTsaxelwodebiT SevidaSevida.

145

roin metreveliroin metreveli

samSoblos keTildReobisaTvis zrunvis magaliTisamSoblos keTildReobisaTvis zrunvis magaliTi

XX saukunis 90-iani wlebis movlenaTa Soris gansakuTrebuli

adgili ukavia 1991 wlis dekembris bolo dReebSi sruliad saqa-

rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is

mier sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi gamarTul Sexvedrebs. patriarqi

Sexvda imdroindeli mTvarobisa (zviad gamsaxurdia) da opoziciis

(T.sigua, j. ioseliani T. kitovani) warmomadgenlebs.

1990 wlis 28 oqtombris mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Semdeg

xelisuflebis saTaveSi zviad gamsaxurdias mTavroba movida. igi

umaRlesi sabWos Tavmjdomared airCies. 1991 wlis 31 marts saqa-

rTveloSi Catarda referendumi d qveyanam saxelmwifoebrivi damou-

kidebloba aRadgina. saqarTvelos pirvel prezidentad 1991 wlis

9 aprils zviad gamsaxurdia airCies. cxadia, jer kidev arsebulma

sabWoTa kavSirma amgvar qmedebas mZime reaqciiT upasuxa. es iyo eT-

nokonfliqtebis gaRviveba afxazeTsa da Sida qarTlSi, araqarTveli

mosaxleobis wiaRSi (javaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi). amas daerTo

parlamentis gareT darCenili partiebis dapirispireba erovnul xe-

lisuflebasTan.

qarTvelma xalxma, sazogadoebam, samwuxarod, ver gaiTvaliswi-

na saqarTvelos istoriis gakveTilebi. qveyanas erTsulovneba da

monoliTuroba sWirdeboda. saqme sawinaaRmdegod mimdinareobda.

antiqarTul procesebs, romlebicafxazeTsa da cxinvalis region-

SimZafrad midioda, daemata is, rom qarTveloba urTierTdapirisp-

irebasa da mitingebis cecxlSi gaexvia. erovnuli xelisufleba

ar aRiarebda opozicias. es ukanasknelic bevrSemTxvevaSi ar

gamoirCeoda sibrZniT.

ilia II mTeli sigrZe-siganiT grZnobda Seqmnili viTarebis se-

riozulobas. araerTgzis scada misi ganmuxtva. patriarqma konk-

146

retuli Sefaseba misca qveyanaSi mimdinare process: „dRes WeSmarit

rwmenas urwmunoeba ki ar upirispirdeba, aramed cru sarwmunoeba,

romelsac WeSmaritebis didi pretenzia aqvs. namdvil Tavisuflebas

TviTneboba da TavaSvebuloba cvlis, romelic isev urcxvad iCemebs

Tavisuflebis saxels“. patriarqi xmamaRla afrTxilebda sazoga-

doebas, rom urTierTdapirispirebiTa da gauTavebeli mitingebiT

verafers gaxdebodnen: „gonierni maSin viqnebiT, Tu saqmis keTebas

daviwyebT ara lanZRviT, aramed erTmaneTis gverdSi amodgomiT, erT-

maneTis mosmeniT, urTierTgagebiT kargi ideebis gaziarebiT. sxva gza

ar arsebobs, sxva gza damRupvelia“. patriarqs ar moswonda sapro-

testo moZraobis talRa, romelsac 1991 wlis 4 seqtembers arasa-

surveli incidenti mohyva. 1991 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi qveyanaSi

mimdinare procesebi umarTavi iyo. 22 dekembers tyviac gavarda da

saqarTveloSi Sida omi daiwyo. yovelive es WeSmariti qarTvel-

isaTvis katastrofas niSnavda. gansakuTrebulad Relavda ilia II.

1991 wlis 23 dekembers man mwvave gafrTxilebiT mimarTa ers:

„umZimesia dRevandeli mdgomareoba, saqarTvelo misulia

daRupvis piramde; iRvreba qarTvelTa sisxli. saqarTvelos emuqre-

ba samoqalaqo omi. vxedavT ra daZabul situacias, movuwodebT da-

pirispirebul mxareebs dialogisaken, raTa mSvidobiani gziT gad-

awyvetiliyo problemebi, Tavidan agvecilebina ZmaTa sisxlisRvra.

dialogi marTlac Sedga, magram nayofi ver gamoiRo. vgrZnobT ra

momaval mZime Sedegebs, saqarTvelos eklesiis, samRvdeloebisa da

morwmune eris saxeliT, kidev erTxel mogmarTavT dapirispirebul

mxareebs: gamoiCineT sibrZne da goniereba, igrZeniT pasuxismgebloba

RvTisa da eris winaSe da yvelaferi gaakeTeT imisaTvis, rom mSvi-

dobiani molaparakebis gziT gadawyvitoT sadavo sakiTxebi; momava-

li Taoba daafasebs Tqvens keTilgonierebas“.1vfiqrob yovelgvari

komentari zedmetia. ukiduresad kritikul momentSi, eris sulieri

mama gonierebisken mouwodebs Tavis sulier Svilebs. samwuxarod

patriarqis Segoneba-RaRadisi ar iqna Sesmenil-gaTvaliswinebuli...

samwuxaro Sedegmac ar daayovna.

147

gvinda xazgasmiT aRvniSnoT, rom qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime viTare-

bis ganmuxtvisaTvis aqtiurad ibrZoda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa

akademiac. mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo gadadgmuli, roca akademikosebi:

andria afaqiZe, nodar amaRlobeli, guram gvelesiani da am stati-

is avtori mosalaparakeblad vewvieT opoziciis xelmZRvanelebs,

romlebsac sastumro saqarTvelos sardafi daekavebinaT (am dros

mTavroba parlamentis Senobis sardafSi-bunkerSi imyofeboda). rus-

Tavelis prospeqtipraqtikulad brZolis poligoni iyo. Cveni uvne-

blad miyvana opoziciamde uzrunvelyo imdroindelma Sinagan saqmeTa

ministris moadgilem generalma daviT salariZem. opoziciis „Stab-

Si“ SevxvdiT Tengizsiguas da Tengiz kitovans, maTTan seriozuli

saubari gaimarTa (SegaxsenebT, rom batoni Tengiz sigua mecnierebaTa

akademiis metalurgiis institutis yofili direqtori iyo da mas-

Tan urTierToba ar gagvWirvebia). drodadro sxvadasxva opozicio-

nerebic Semodiodnen da saubarSi iRebdnen monawileobas, maT Soris

aqtiurobiT gamoirCeoda generali levan SaraSeniZe. opozicionere-

bi maTi gamosvlis mizezadqveyanaSi Seqmnil viTarebas asaxelebdnen.

cnobilia, rom dekembramde T.kitovani gvardiasTan erTad praqti-

kulad ganudga saxelmwifos. maT garkveuli winadadebebi hqondaT,

romelTa saboloo Sedegi mTavrobis gadadgoma unda yofiliyo. aka-

demikosTa Suamdgomlobam Serigebis an morigebis Taobaze ar gaWra.

gawbilebulebi davbrundiT opoziciis samyoflidan. erTi ram minda

aRvniSno. momeCvena, rom opozicia Cveni iq yofnis momentSi arc iseT

did Zalas flobda, rom samTavrobo Zalebs gamklaveboda. sulierad

ki SemarTulebi iyvnen. imave saRamos, 25 dekembers, me Sevxvdi uw-

midessa da unetaress ilia II-s. man moiwona akademiis es nabiji da

mTxova mimeRo monawileoba dapirispirebul mxareTa warmomadgen-

lebis SexvedraSi, romelic patriarqis iniciativiT sapatriarqos

rezidenciaSi imarTeboda. me da ramdenime mRvdelmsaxuri patriarq-

is e.w. SemrigebelTa delegacias warmovadgendiT. saRamos 8 saaTze

sapatriarqoSi movidnen dapirispirebul mxareTa warmomadgenlebi

(5-7 kaci TiToeuli mxridan). sxdoma Catarda sapatriarqos dRe-

148

vandel satrapezo oTaxSi. es oTaxi gadatixruli iyo (dRes igi

ufro vrcelia).

ilia II-m Cveuli sidinjiT gamoikiTxa viTareba. mousmina mxare-

Ta warmomadgenlebs, Semdeg gulSi Camwvdomi kritikuli sityvebiT

mimarTa maT: „miuxedavad imisa, rom sulSi da xasiaTSi gvizis siCqa-

re, sulswrafoba unda daviokoT, xom faqtia, rom vCqarobT, bevr Sec-

domas vuSvebT“. azrTa gacvlis Semdeg patriarqma aseTimoTxovniT

mimarTa dapirispirebul mxareebs:

1. orive mxarem SeinarCunos poziciebi;

2. SeCerdes gamosvlebi;

3. prezidentma gaakeTos gancxadeba, rom xalxi wavides sax-

lebSi;

4. dainiSnos uzenaesi sabWos sesia;

5. televiziaSi dainiSnos opoziciis saaTi;

6. ganTavisufldnen politpatimrebi;

7. aRiarebuli iqnes opozicia.

es sakiTxebi patriarqma gansaxilvelad daayena. sxdomis monaw-

ileebma miiRes eswinadadebebi, Tumca mkveTrad ar Camoayalibes Tavi-

anTi azrebi. saWirod miiCnies am sakiTxebis TavianT banakebSi ufro

farTod ganxilva. patriarqic ase fiqrobda. qveynis gadarCenisaTvis

rogorme unda SeCerebuliyo SeiaraRebuli dapirispireba.

meore dRes, 26 dekembers Seikriba igive Semadgenloba patri-

arqis rezidenciaSi. samwuxarod mxareebma ar gamoamJRavnes Serige-

bis survili, yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Canda, momlaparakeblebi

ar iyvnen aRWurvilni sakiTxis gadaWris rwmunebiT. isini mxolod

ambis mimtan-momtanis rols asrulebdnen.

erTi dRis Semdeg sruliad aSkara gaxda, rom dapirispirebul-

Ta SeCereba SeuZlebeli iyo.mxareebma ar Seismines saRi azri d

patriarqis gulmxurvale Segoneba. Sedegi? Sedegi metad mZime iyo;

1991 wlis dekembris bolo dReebSi samoqalaqo dapirispirebam ze-

nits miaRwia, rac 1992 wlis ianvars pirvel dReebSic gagrZelda

d zviad gamsaxurdias mTavrobasamxedro ZaliT iqna damxobili.

149

qveyana samoqalaqo omma moicva. didi iyo materialuri zarali, ma-

gram ufro meti da mniSvnelovani sulieri krizisi iyo. ilia II

weriliT aRniSnavda: „ZmaTa sisxlis RvriT gamowveuli tkivili

bolomde gacnobierebuli ar aris. tragedia moxda, magram Seqmnili

mdgomareobidan gamosasvlel swor gzas ver vipoviT, Tu movlenebs

miukerZoeblad ar gavaanalizebT da yvelasaTvis samwuxaro Sedegis

mizezebs ar aRmovfxvriT. saqarTvelos istoriaSi moxda metad sav-

alalao faqti: eri daiyo, qalaqebsa da soflebSi, samsaxurebSi, mo-

saxleoba daupirispirda erTmaneTs, daupirispirdnen Taobebi, ojaxis

wevrebi“. es marTlac tragedia iyo qveynisaTvis. am umZimesi mdgo-

mareobis arsebobis dadastureba me SemiZlia Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis magaliTze. 1991 wlis 14 oqtombers saqarTvelos

prezidentis, zviad gamsaxurdias brZanebulebiT daviniSne universi-

tetis reqtorad. universitetSi mZime mdgomareoba damxvda. swav-

la jer ar iyo dawyebuli (iwyeboda, rogorc wesi, 1 seqtembers).

rac mTavaria, aqac didi dapirispireba iyo (profesor-maswavleblebs,

studentebs Soris): erTi nawili zviad gamsaxurdias uWerda mxars,

e.w. zviadistebi, meore ki misi winaaRmdegi iyo.

gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis universitetis, profesurisa

da studentobis didi damsaxureba iyo is, rom es dapirispireba ar

gadazrdila raime seriozul konfliqtSi. profesorebi romelTac

kargad icodnen universitetis fasi, esmodaT misi daniSnuleba, roli

qveyanaSi, Tavis simaRleze aRmoCndnen da am rTuli viTarebidan Rir-

seulad gamovidnen. universiteti darCaqveynis erovnuli orient-

aciis ganmsazRvrelad, pirvel umaRles saswavleblad, alma-materad.

unda SevniSno, rom universitetis maRali avtoriteti aRizianebda

mavans da yovelgvarad cdilobda mis talaxSi gasvras.aTasgvarma in-

sinuaciebma da ciliswamebam veraferi daaklo am did dawesebulebas.

igi istoriaSi darCa rogorc magaliTis mimcemi, eris samsaxurSi

myofi „TeTri taZari“. amas adasturebs,miuxedavad sirTuleebisa,

gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi gaweuli didi samecniero da sas-

wavlo saqmianoba.

150

qveyanaSi Seqmnil mZime viTarebas warmarTva sWirdeboda. aqac

ganusazRvrelia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia

II-is roli. pirdapir unda iTqvas, rom mwvave eTnokonfliqtebis

pirobebSi, roca qveyana WeSmaritad qarTuli miwebis dakargvis re-

aluri safrTxis winaSe dadga, samoqalaqo dapirispirebis fonze,

roca axladmosul xelisuflebas saqmis racionaluri warmarTva

uWirda, ilia II-m Tavs ido metad mZime tvirTi d saxelmwifos sae-

ro da sasuliero Tavkacis misia. patriarqi Seudga eris sulieri

gamTlianebis metad rTul process. igi, rogorc realuri saxelm-

wifo moRvawe aqtiur politikur nabijebsac dgamda.

ilia II-m 1992 wlis oqtomberSi protestiT mimarTa ruseTis

patriarqs aleqsi II-s da afxazeTSi Seqmnili mZime mdgomareobis

gamo brali dasdo ruseTis im Zalebs, romelTaTvisac miuRebeli iyo

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba. metad mniSvnelovani

iyo gaeros generaluri mdivnis, butros butros-galisadmi ilia II-

is moTxovnad daecva msoflio Tanamegobrobas saqarTvelo ruseTis

agresiisagan. patriarqma aseve mosTxova ruseTis prezidents boris

elcins, aRkveTiliyo ruseTis teritoriidan SeiaraRebuli bandda-

jgufebebis („boevikebis“) Semosvla, ruseTis samxedro bazebidan samx-

edro teqnikis Semotana da mwvave agresia saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg.

ilia II saqarTvelos xelisuflebasac mouwodebda, gadaedga

qmediTi nabijebi erovnuli Serigebis, qveynis ekonomikis gajansaRe-

bis, saerTaSoriso aRiarebis, qarTveli erisa da saqarTveloSi mcx-

ovrebi yvela erisa da erovnebis mSvidobiani TanacxovrebisaTvis.

faqti erTia, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcx-

eTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mit-

ropoliti, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II, saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebel samociqulo eklesiasTan erTad mTeli Tavisi moRvaweobiT

1991-1992 wlebis dekember-ianvris movlenebisa da Semdgom qveyanaSi

datrialebuli tragikuli movlenebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi erTiani

erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebisaTvis brZolis WeSmari-

ti medroSe iyo.

151

jaba samuSiajaba samuSia

èklesiaTa mSenebeli~.èklesiaTa mSenebeli~.

saqarTvelos patriarqi da saeklesio aRmSeneblobasaqarTvelos patriarqi da saeklesio aRmSenebloba

saqarTvelos istoriaSi, TiTqosda, kanonzomieradaa qceuli,

rom qveynis politikur aRmavlobas yovelTvis uswrebda qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis aRorZineba, erisa da beris erTianoba.

igive ganmeorda XX saukunis miwurulsac.

1977 wels kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II-is intronizaciis Sem-

deg dedaeklesiis roli da adgili sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi mniS-

vnelovnad gaizarda. es weli sruliad samarTlianad axali epoqis

dasawyisad miiCneva saqarTvelos marTmadidebluri eklesiisa da Cveni

qveynis uaxles istoriaSi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriar-

qis, ilia II-s aRsaydrebisas saqarTvelo sabWoTa kavSiris nawils

warmoadgenda, romlis oficialuri ideologia aTeizmi iyo. marTalia,

morwmuneTa uflebebi sakanonmdeblo doneze iyo daculi, magram xSi-

rad es kanonebi faratina qaRalds warmoadgenda. ra Tqma unda, isic

unda iTqvas, rom XX saukunis 20-30-iani wlebis bolSevikebis anti-

religiuri kampania ukve mniSvnelovnad Camcxrali iyo, magram eklesiis

winaaRmdeg brZola komunisturi reJimisTvis TiTqosda sisxorceulad

qceuliyo. saxelmwifos mxridan eklesiis devna-Seviwroebam Tavisi

savalalo roli Seasrula. 1977 wlisaTvis oficialurad saqarTve-

los marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi 15 eparqia arsebobda, romelTac 6

mRvdelmTavari uZRveboda. kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II oTxi eparqiis

droebiT mRvdelTmTavrad iTvleboda. oTx did eparqias ki episkoposi

saerTod ar hyavda. saqarTveloSi moqmedebda 60-mde eklesia. saqarTve-

los istoriaSi Cvens eklesias msgavsi Seviwroeba ar ganucdia arabebis,

monRolebis, iranelebisa Tu Turqebis batonobis Jamsac ki. aseTi iyo

is realoba, rodesac sapatriarqo taxti daikava kaTolikos-patriar-

qma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m. miuxedavad am winaaRmdegobisa,

152

patriarqi nabij-nabij cdilobda `sudara gadafarebuli eklesiis~71

aRorZinebas. mogvianebiT kaTolikos-patriarqi ixsenebda: `mZime wlebi

gamoiara saqarTvelos eklesiam gansakuTrebiT aTeistur periodSi;

Zalian mZafri iyo dapirispireba borotsa da keTils Soris. yvelaze

metad idevneboda marTlmadidebloba. magaliTad, axalcixeSi ar iyo

arcerTi marTlmadidebluri eklesia da iyo baptistebis samlocvelo

saxli, radgan imdroindeli xelisuflebisaTvis amas ar hqonda didi

mniSvneloba. mudam vaxsenebdi xolme axalcixis mosaxleobas: Tu Tqven

qarTvelebi xarT, qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia rogor ar unda

gqondeT-meTqi?! maT Seismines es sityvebi da jer kidev komunistebis

periodSi aq marTlmadidebluri taZari gaixsna. religiis rwmunebuls

maSin vuTxari: „sxva araferi rom ar gekeTebinaT, marto es saqme bevr

rameSi SegeweodaT!“82

Tavisi moRvaweobis dasawyisSi uwmidesma miznad daisaxa qveyana-

Si daxuruli da dangreuli taZrebis aRdgenaze zrunva. pirdapiri

mowodeba arsebul reJimTan konfrontacias niSnavda, rasac SesaZlebelia

ukuSedegi gamoewvia. morwmuneTa devna-daSineba sabWoTa reJimisaTvis

ucxo ar iyo. misma uwmidesobam gadawyvita, saqarTvelos mosaxleobisa

da misi mTavrobisaTvis Seexsenebina morwmuneTa uflebebi. swored am

mizniT saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendarSi 1979 wels ibeWdeba amonar-

idebi saqarTvelos konstituciidan sindisis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb da

saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis dadgenilebidan, ro-

melic exeboda religiuri organizaciebis saqmianobas. gansakuTrebiT

sainteresoa es ukanaskneli dokumenti, romelSic ZiriTadad saubaria

morwmuneTaTvis (saWiro iyo aranakleb 20 wevrisa) msaxurebisTvis

Sesabamisi samlocvelo Senobebis (taZrebi am dokumentSi Senobebadaa

dasaxelebuli) gadacemis wesze, aseve maTi Semdgomi gankargvisa da

1 es sityvebi mis uwmindesobas erT-erTma sasuliero pirma uTxra.

2 uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia

II-is qadageba iliaobis dResaswaulze sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi, 2 agvisto,

2004, gazeTi „sapatriarqos uwyebani“ #28 (286), 2004.

153

movla-patronobis pirobebze. faqtobrivad, am dokumentebis dabeWd-

va sapatriarqos oficialur gamocemaSi niSnavda locva-kurTxevis

micemas morwmuneTaTvis zrunva axali taZrebisa da samlocveloe-

bis gaxsnaze. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II ambionidan

mimarTavda morwmune ers, aRedginaT eklesia-monastrebi da pasiuro-

bisaTvis xelisuflebis kritikasac ar eridebida. patriarqi 1986

wels mrevls mimarTavda: ̀ magram me minda yuradReba imaT, vinc Tavisi

sulisTvis zrunavs, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebs, umoqmedo, mitove-

buli taZrebis movla-patronobisaken mivaqcevino. saqarTveloSi ua-

mravi umoqmedo taZaria, romelic mouvlelobis gamo ingreva. mar-

Talia, arsebobs ZeglTa dacvis komiteti da saxelmwifoc gamoyofs

Tanxebs Zeglebis aRsadgenad, magram es saqmes ver Svelis, radgan

taZars TviTon xalxi ar icavs da ar uvlis. amis mizezi isaa, rom

saxelmwifos midgoma am sakiTxisadmi aralogikuria – adamians eub-

nebian da aswavlian, rom RmerTi ar arsebobs da mere imave adamians

taZris dacvas sTxoven. masac veRar gaugia, Tu RmerTi ar arsebobs,

taZari viRas sWirdeba da visTvis unda icavdes. nu dagaviwydebaT,

rom is adgilic ki, sadac taZris mxolod saZirkvvlia darCenili,

wmidaTawmidaa, radgan iq Tavis droze wirva-locva sruldeboda da

morwmuneTa locva, viTarca sveti, zecisa da RvTisken maRldeboda.

amgvar adgils angelozi ganuSoreblad icavs da im kurTxeul dRes

elodeba, roca aRdgenil taZarSi wirva-locva isev Sesruldeba. am-

itom vfiqrobT, rom dRevandel pirobebSi yvelaze didi Sesawiravi

umoqmedo eklesiaTa movla-patronoba, maTi dacva, gasufTaveba, aRd-

genaa. Tqvenc geqnebaT amgvari suraTi nanaxi. sofelSi dgas eklesia,

romlis saxuravzec mTeli tyea amosuli. mosaxleoba gulgrilad

uyurebs am faqts da ver grZnobs, rom taZarTan erTad misi sulic

ingreva. eklesiebs pirvel rigSi TviTon xalxma unda upatronos da

pasuxismgebloba igrZnos maTi bedis gamo.~ 3

3 uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II

miiCnevs, rom umoqmedo eklesiebis movla-patronoba dRes RvTisaTvis yvelaze didi

Sesawiria, 1986 w., sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II, „episto-

leni, sityvani, qadagebani“, tomi II, Tb., 1997 w. gv. 224.

154

XX s-is 80-iani wlebis Sua xanebSi sabWoTa saxelmwifosa

da eklesiis urTierTobaSi sagrZnobi cvlilebebi moxda. sabWo-

Ta kavSirSi dawyebulma `perestroikam~ xelisuflebis mxridan

mniSvnelovnad Seasusta eklesiis Seviwroeba. komunist Tu kom-

kavSirel aqtivistebs ukve aRar avalebdnen saeklesio dResas-

waulebze eklesiis karibWesTan darajobas da imaT dasmenas, vinc

wirvas eswreboda. amas daemata saqarTveloSi erovnuli moZrao-

bis axali etapis dawyeba da xalxis masobrivi mibruneba eklesii-

saken. mokle xanSi Cveni taZrebi ukve mrevls veRar itevda, saSo-

bao Tu saaRdgomo wirvisas aTasobiT adamiani taZris mimdebare

teritoriaze Tu axerxebda moxvedras.

XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis miwurulidan saqarTveloSi daiwyo

procesi, romelsac naklebad SeiZleba paraleli movuZebnoT saqar-

Tvelos istoriaSi. mokle xanSi asobiT axali taZari aigo qvey-

nis masStabiT. TiTqos Tanamedrove qarTveloba amiT inaniebda XX

saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi Cadenil codvas, rodesac taZrebis dan-

greva, sameurneo da `sazogadoebrivi~ daniSnulebiT maTi gadakeTe-

ba Cveulebrivi movlena iyo. sabWoTa periodSi ramdenime raionSi

saerTod moqmedi taZari ar arsebobda. `mebrZoli aTeizmis period-

Si~ eklesiis winaaRmdeg brZolam Sedegad is moitana, rom uamravi

sofeli saerTod eklesiis gareSe darCa. Zveli taZrebi nangrevebad

qceuliyo. gansakuTrebiT mZime viTareba iyo dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si. yovelive es istoriaa kuTvnilebad iqca. XX saukunis 80-iani

wlebidan saqarTveloSi dawyebuli eklesia-monastrebis aRmSeneb-

lobas Tavisi masStabebiT analogi namdvilad Znelad Tu moeZebneba

Cveni eris warsulSi, ra Tqma unda, amis xelSemwyobi upirvelesad

misi uwmidesoba gaxldaT, romelic piradad Cadioda yvela axali

taZris kurTxevaze. yvelgan es movlena saxalxo zeimad iqceoda.

eklesi-monastrebis mSeneblobis masStabebi kargad Cans mcxe-

Ta-Tbilisis eparqiis magaliTze. XXI saukunis dasawyisisTvis

eparqiaSi moqmedebda 158 taZari, saidanac XX saukunis 80-90-ian

155

wlebSi aigo 82 eklesia.104 oraTeulze meti ki nangrevebidan aRad-

gines. aqve unda, iTqvas isic, rom sabWoTa periodSi, ra Tqma unda

yvela partiuli lideri rodi iyo eklesiisadmi kritikulad

ganwyobili. farulad bevri maTgani taZarSic dadioda da saekle-

sio dResaswaulebsac aRniSnavda. XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis

meore naxevarSi ki saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis liderebi

uSualod erTvebian eklesiisaTvis saWirboroto sakiTxebis ga-

dawyvetaSi. maT Soris, eklesiisaTvis taZrebis gadacemis proces-

Si. am periods ixsenebs im xanad saqarTvelos komunisturi par-

tiis pirveli mdivani jumber patiaSvili: `bevrs dResac hgonia,

rom komunisturi epoqa religiisa da samRvdeloebis arsebobas

ar cnobda, arada, centralur komitetSi, ministrTa sabWosTan spe-

cialuri samsaxuri arsebobda, romelic saxelmwifosa da ekle-

sias Soris urTierTobebs aregulirebda.

mis uwmidesobasac piradad pirvelad maSin Sevxvdi, rodesac

respublikis xelmZRvaneli gavxdi.

ver vixseneb verc erT winadadebas, romliTac sapatriarqos, pi-

radad patriarqs moumarTavs CvenTvis centraluri komitetis pir-

veli mdivnobis dros da igi dadebiTad ar gadawyvetila.

patriarqis TxovniTa da winadadebiT aRdga metexis eklesiac.

dResac cxadad maxsovs is emocia, pirvelad metexis taZris

gumbaTze jvari rom davinaxe, rodesac…sanapiroTi aeroportisken

mivdiodiT... metexis bedi maleve gaiziares gelaTis monasterma

da bolnisis sionma. manamde orive istoriul ZeglTa sammarT-

velos daqvemdebarebaSi iyo. patriarqis TxovniT, isini saqarT-

velos eklesias gadaeca da moqmedi gaxda... erT-erTi Sexvedris

dros, romelic centralur komitetSi, Cems kabinetSi Sedga, uw-

midesma saCuqrad jvarcmuli macxovris xati gadmomca da miTxra:

_ arsebuli sasuliero seminaria arasakmarisia Cveni qveynis

4 ir. gunia, mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiis taZrebi, Tb., 2002. dasaxelebul naSromSi

mocemulia mokle cnobebi mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiaSi arsebul eklesia-monastrebze,

maT Soris _ axlad aSenebul taZrebze.

156

sulieri ganviTarebisaTvis... kargi iqneba, da saqarTvelo aris imis

Rirsi, rom Cven sasuliero akademiac gvqondes.

radgan sionis sakaTedro taZris ezoSive mdebareobda uwmide-

sis rezidencia, gadavwyviteT, sasuliero akademiisTvisac Sesaferisi

farTobi mimdebare teritoriaze gamogveyo. mosaxleobas alterna-

tiuli sacxovrebeli SevTavazeT, gamoTavisuflebul farTobze ki

sasuliero akademia ganTavsda.~115

1987-1988 wlebSi saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II

ramdenjerme Sexvda saqarTvelos da Tbilisis partiul liderebs.

saubris Tema Seexeboda arsebuli eklesia-monastrebis mdgomareo-

bas da sapatriarqosaTvis gadacemas. gansakuTrebiT mwvaved idga

TbilisSi gauqmebul eklesiebSi wirva-locvis ganaxlebis, dangreu-

li Tu dangrevis piras myofi taZrebis aRdgenis sakiTxebi. am Sex-

vedrebis Semdeg gadawyda naZaladevSi abanod gadakeTebuli eklesiis

(iveriis RvTismSoblis xatis saxelobis eklesia) kvlav aRdge-

5 madlierebis niSnad kaTolikos-patriarqma jumber patiaSvils 1988 wlis 4 ian-

vars werili gaugzavna. `saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirvel

mdivans jumber ilias Ze patiaSvils

batono jumber,

gelaTis, iyalTos, gremis cnobil akademiaTa gauqmebis Semdeg 800 weli eloda

qarTveli xalxi saqarTveloSi umaRlesi sasuliero saswavleblis gaxsnas da axla

es kurTxeuli dRe dadga.

dadga igi, ra Tqma unda, uflis SewevniT; dadga igi uSualod Tqveni mxardaWeriTa

da daxmarebiT.

es aris is saqme, romlis sidiades erTbaSad ver aRiqvams adamiani.

es aris is saqme, romlis aRsrulebisTvis Taobebi ityvian madlobas.

xom WeSmaritad bednieria is adamiani, visac sxvisTvis sixarulis miniWeba Seu-

Zlia; da raoden usazRvro unda iyos bedniereba im pirovnebisa, visac ZaluZs, RvTis

gangebiT, didi da namdvili sixaruliT gaaxaros mTeli eri.

erT _ erTi aseTi sixaruli moutaneT Tqven Cvens xalxs, amitomac uRrmes ma-

dlobas gwiravT da glocavT; madlobas gwiravT Jurnal `jvris vazis~ gamocemis

gazrdis gamoc.

Tqveni Tanadgoma numc mogvklebodes.

Rrma pativiscemiT

ilia meore

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi~.

aRniSnuli werili inaxeba j. patiaSvili pirad arqivSi. ix. j. patiaSvili, ocdasami

wlis Semdeg, Tanaavtori elba foladaSvili, Tb., 2013, gv. 49-52.

157

na, nariyalaze wm. nikolozis saxelobis taZris aSeneba, metexis

RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesiis sapatriarqosaTvis gadacemis, Te-

atrisaTvis axali farTis gamoyofis sakiTxi. 1988 wlis 7 ivlisis

gankargulebiT, saqarTvelos sasuliero akademias axali teritoria

daeTmo, yofili qarvaslis Senoba. analogiuri suraTi iyo mTels

saqarTveloSi. aTwleulebis Semdeg Cvens uZveles taZrebSi kvlav

aRevlina wirva-locva da gaisma galobis xma. arsebuli realo-

bis oficialur gaformebas warmoadgenda saqarTvelos ministrTa

sabWos 1990 wlis aprilis dadgenileba, _ `respublikis teri-

toriaze ganlagebuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis da saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos yvela sakulto nageboba gamocxaddes saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakuTrebad~.126

XX saukunis 80-90-iani wlebis mijnaze safuZveli eyreboda

axal qarTul saxelmwifos. saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur ekle-

sias ubrundebodnen Tavisi sulieri Svilebi. TiTqosda istoria

ganmeordao. iseve rogorc X-XI ss-Si, eris politikur aRmavlobas

win uswrebda qveynis sulieri kaTarzisi, aseve moxda Cvens droSic.

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis brZolis gzaze eklesiam udidesi

roli Seasrula. religiurma da politikurma aRmavlobam Tav-

isTavad dabada azri axali kaTedralis agebisa, romelic axali

qarTuli saxelmwifos simbolod unda qceuliyo

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da une-

taresi ilia II wm. samebis taZris mSeneblobis dawyebisas aRniSnavda:

`dRes safuZveli eyreba wmida samebis taZars da amiT safuZveli ey-dRes safuZveli eyreba wmida samebis taZars da amiT safuZveli ey-

reba Zlier saqarTvelos. saqarTvelo eZebs Tavis dasayrdens. zogi-reba Zlier saqarTvelos. saqarTvelo eZebs Tavis dasayrdens. zogi-

erTi fiqrobs, rom es sayrdeni Zlieria im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eri aris erTi fiqrobs, rom es sayrdeni Zlieria im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eri aris

mravalricxovani, zogierTi fiqrobs, rom saxelmwifo Zlieria maSin, mravalricxovani, zogierTi fiqrobs, rom saxelmwifo Zlieria maSin,

Tu mas gaaCnia Zlieri SeiaraRebuli Zalebi. zogierTi fiqrobs, rom Tu mas gaaCnia Zlieri SeiaraRebuli Zalebi. zogierTi fiqrobs, rom

Zlieria eri im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas gaaCnia didi mecniereba da maRa-Zlieria eri im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas gaaCnia didi mecniereba da maRa-

6 s. vardosaniZe, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da uneta-

resi ilia II, Tb., 2013, gv. 62.

158

li kultura. es yvelaferi saWiroa, aucilebelia, magram pirveli da li kultura. es yvelaferi saWiroa, aucilebelia, magram pirveli da

aucilebeli aris eris sulieri Zliereba. ai, swored amisTvis varT aucilebeli aris eris sulieri Zliereba. ai, swored amisTvis varT

mowodebulni da amiT viwyebT Cveni eris ganmtkicebas... es sulieri mowodebulni da amiT viwyebT Cveni eris ganmtkicebas... es sulieri

Zliereba da qveynis gamTlianeba ganuyofelia~.Zliereba da qveynis gamTlianeba ganuyofelia~.

am sityvebis WeSmariteba Cvenma dromac daadastura. saqarTve-

loSi arsebuli ekonomikuri, politikuri krizisis miuxedavad, wm.

samebis taZarma marTlac rom eris gamaerTianeblis roli Seasrula.

xalxs uWirda, magram ukanasknel danazogs swiravda kaTedralis

mSeneblobas da amiT sulier simxneves iZenda. aTiaTasobiT adamianma

Seitana Tavisi wvlili taZris agebaSi.

dRevandeli gadasaxedidan SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu ara misi uw-

midesoba, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II, wmida samebis

sakaTedro taZari ar aigeboda. aq ar igulisxmeba martooden ideis

dabadeba. taZris proeqtirebisa da mSeneblobis nebismieri detali

kaTolikos-patriarqtan Tanxmdeboda. igi iyo am udidesi saqmis su-

lis Camdgmeli da maorganizebeli Zala.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqosa da xelisuflebas Soris sakaT-

edro taZris mSeneblobis Taobaze oficialuri mimowera 1988

wlis agvistoSi daiwyo. am dros saqarTvelo jer kidev sabWoTa

kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi imyofeboda. arc erovnuli moZraoba iyo

farTod gaSlili. advili ar iyo xelisuflebis darwmuneba da

kaTedralis agebis ideaSi mxardaWeris mopoveba. am dros, mTeli

sisruliT, mxolod mis uwmidesobas hqonda warmodgenili, ra

muxts Sematebda Cvens nacionalur TviTSegnebas axali sakaTedro

taZris ageba. ra rols Seasrulebda es wamowyeba eklesiisaken

mTeli eris Semobrunebis saqmeSi. magram yovelive amis gacxade-

ba saqmes daazianebda da amitomac, Tbilisis aRmaskomis Tavmj-

domaris, irakli andriaZis saxelze miweril werilSi patriarqi

axsenebs saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis 1500 wlisTavs da

axali sakaTedro taZris agebas am TariRs ukavSirebs. es werili,

rogorc iTqva, aris pirveli dokumenti, romliTac wm. samebis

taZris istoria iwyeba.

159

`mSromelTa deputatebis sabWos Tbilisis `mSromelTa deputatebis sabWos Tbilisis

aRmasrulebeli komitetis TavmjdomaresaRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomares

baton irakli andriaZesbaton irakli andriaZes

batono irakli,batono irakli,

mogexsenebaT, rogori uZvelesi, mravalferovani da brwyinvalea mogexsenebaT, rogori uZvelesi, mravalferovani da brwyinvalea

qristianuli xanis qarTuli kultura. es Sedegia 1500-wlovani qristianuli xanis qarTuli kultura. es Sedegia 1500-wlovani

damoukidebeli qarTuli eklesiis arsebobisa. swored damoukide-damoukidebeli qarTuli eklesiis arsebobisa. swored damoukide-

beli eklesiis wyalobiT mieca saSualeba erovnul suls aRor-beli eklesiis wyalobiT mieca saSualeba erovnul suls aRor-

Zinebisa. Seiqmna qarTuli mwerlobis, mxatvrobis, arqiteqturis, Zinebisa. Seiqmna qarTuli mwerlobis, mxatvrobis, arqiteqturis,

galobis, minanqris, oqromWedlobis... ubadlo nimuSebi, yovelive is, galobis, minanqris, oqromWedlobis... ubadlo nimuSebi, yovelive is,

riTac Cven dRes samarTlianad vamayobT.riTac Cven dRes samarTlianad vamayobT.

amaSi didia Rvawli Cveni wminda mefis vaxtang gorgasalisa. amaSi didia Rvawli Cveni wminda mefis vaxtang gorgasalisa.

misi wyalobiT, misi mecadineobiT saqarTvelos eklesias ukve V misi wyalobiT, misi mecadineobiT saqarTvelos eklesias ukve V

saukuneSi mieniWa avtokefalia.saukuneSi mieniWa avtokefalia.

rogorc viciT, wels farTod aRiniSna 1000 weli ruse-rogorc viciT, wels farTod aRiniSna 1000 weli ruse-

Tis gaqristianebidan. ruseTis eklesiam miiRo gadawyvetileba am Tis gaqristianebidan. ruseTis eklesiam miiRo gadawyvetileba am

zeimTan dakavSirebiT axali taZris aSenebis Sesaxeb. mTavrobam zeimTan dakavSirebiT axali taZris aSenebis Sesaxeb. mTavrobam

mxari dauWira aRniSnuli ideis ganxorcielebas da dRes ukve mxari dauWira aRniSnuli ideis ganxorcielebas da dRes ukve

mimdinareobs samSeneblo samuSaoebi.mimdinareobs samSeneblo samuSaoebi.

Cvens eklesias aranaklebi istoria aqvs. am ramdenime xnis Cvens eklesias aranaklebi istoria aqvs. am ramdenime xnis

win Sesrulda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos damoukideblobis 1500 win Sesrulda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos damoukideblobis 1500

weli. kargi iqneboda, rom saqarTveloSic aSendes taZari, romel-weli. kargi iqneboda, rom saqarTveloSic aSendes taZari, romel-

ic simbolurad iqneba gamomxatveli Cveni avtokefaliuri ekle-ic simbolurad iqneba gamomxatveli Cveni avtokefaliuri ekle-

siis TxuTmetsaukunovani istoriisa. es eklesia unda iyos gamor-siis TxuTmetsaukunovani istoriisa. es eklesia unda iyos gamor-

Ceuli Tavisi masStabiTac da arqiteqturiTac.Ceuli Tavisi masStabiTac da arqiteqturiTac.

imedia, Cveni xelisuflebisTvisac misaRebi iqneba es wina-imedia, Cveni xelisuflebisTvisac misaRebi iqneba es wina-

dadeba. mTavrobis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi gamocxadebuli iqneba dadeba. mTavrobis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi gamocxadebuli iqneba

konkursi da ukeTesi proeqtis mixedviT daiwyeba mSenebloba. konkursi da ukeTesi proeqtis mixedviT daiwyeba mSenebloba.

sasurvelia, es sakaTedro taZari aigos qalaqis centralur sasurvelia, es sakaTedro taZari aigos qalaqis centralur

nawilSi.nawilSi.

gTxovT, dagvexmaroT aRniSnuli sakiTxis dadebiTad gad-gTxovT, dagvexmaroT aRniSnuli sakiTxis dadebiTad gad-

awyvetaSi da Sesaferisi adgilis SerCevaSi.awyvetaSi da Sesaferisi adgilis SerCevaSi.

160

Rrma pativiscemiTRrma pativiscemiT

ilia IIilia II

sruliad saqarTvelos sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi~.kaTolikos-patriarqi~.13137

qalaqis mTavroba didi gulisyuriT moekida saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqis iniciativas da umokles xanSi Seiqmna specialuri

komisia, romelsac daevala sakaTedro taZrisaTvis adgilis SerCeva.

daiwyo momavali taZrisaTvis adgilis Zieba. aRniSnuli sakiTxis

irgvliv imsjeles 23 noembers Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskom-

Si kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is stumrobisas. patriarqs gaac-

nes komisiis muSaobis winaswari Sedegebi. komisiam mizanSewonilad

miiCnia taZris ageba mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, baraTaSvilis aR-

marTis zeda terasaze. amas mohyva saukeTeso proeqtis SesarCevad

konkursis gamocxadeba.

farTo sazogadoebam TbilisSi wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris

agebis idea pirvelad 1989 wlis aprilSi Seityo. 5 maiss ki saqarT-

velos kaTolikos-patriarqi Tbilisis mTavar arqiteqturul-dageg-

marebiT sammarTveloSi qarTvel arqiteqtorebs Sexvda. uwmidesi

garkveul moTxovnebs ayenebda arqiteqtorTa winaSe, Tu rogori

unda yofiliyo momavali sakaTedro taZari. man sityviT mimarTa

damswre sazogadoebas. patriarqi Seexo kaTedralis arqiteqturul

formebsa da gadawyvetis ramdenime detalsac: `mZime dReebi daudga

saqarTvelos, _ aRniSna saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, _ magram

es ubedureba gvaiZulebs, momavalzec vifiqroT. meoce saukune me-

tad mniSvnelovani saukunea, winaaRmdegobebiT savse. mecnierebasa da

teqnikaSi gadaidga giganturi nabijebi, magram sulieri da maradi-

uli problemebi bevrisaTvis meorexarisxovani gaxda. materialuri

siuxve ar aris sakmarisi bednierebisaTvis, piriqiT, Seiqmna vakuumi,

romelsac verafriT SevavsebT, Tu ara rwmeniT, romelic iseve gves-

aWiroeba, rogorc haeri da wyali...

bevrs axsovs carieli sioni. kaTolikos-patriarqis wirvasac

7 saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivi, dok. #14500.

161

ki ramdenime kaci eswreboda. axla, RvTis wyalobiT, dadga Jami

moqcevisa; dRevandelma religiurma aqtiurobam gvafiqrebina, rom

aucilebelia axali taZris aSeneba, miT umetes, rom Sesrulda 1500

weli saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa. amitom gadavwyviteT, am

TariRTan dakavSirebiT, aigos taZari wminda samebis saxelze, sadac

iqneba trapezebic saqarTvelos eklesiis wmindanTaTvis, yuradRe-

ba unda gamaxvildes vaxtang gorgaslis Rvawlzec eklesiis da-

moukideblobis mopovebisaTvis.

rac Seexeba taZars, misi daproeqtebisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT,

rom es ar aris mxolod istoriuli Zegli, taZari karibWea kacsa

da RmerTs Soris. igi unda iyos didi, Tanamedrove, magram ara Cvens

istoriul da kulturul fesvebs mowyvetili.

kargi iqneba, Tu misi interieri mopirkeTdeba Tlili qviT, ro-

melzec dabali reliefiT gamoisaxeba bibliuri scenebi, xolo eqs-

terieris qvis perangi aseve dabali reliefiT daifareba, oRond, aq

iqneba Cveni erisa da eklesiis amsaxveli siuJetebi. unda mieqces

yuradReba kaTakmevelTa wesis dacvas, romlis aRdgenasac axla vc-

dilobT.

gvekiTxebian, Tu ratom ar aris Jiuris Semadgenloba gamocxa-

debuli. Cven ar gvinda, winaswar vinme SevzRudoT, iqneb, Jiuris

wevrad dasaxelebuls survili hqondes konkursSi monawileobisa.

Semdeg ki yvela masalas, rac warmodgenili iqneba konkursze, erTad

SevkravT, davurTavT maT avtorTa fotoebs, biografiebs da gamov-

cemT wignad, raTa STamomavloba icnobdes yvelas, vinc am did saqmeSi

monawileobda~.

1990 wlis 8 Tebervals, daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes, mxat-

vris saxlSi, wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris sakonkurso proeqtebis

gamofena gaixsna, romelzec gamarjvebuli ver gamovlinda da saWiro

gaxda meore turis Catareba. aqve ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos kon-

kursze warmodgenili proeqtebis arqiteqturuli mravalferovneba.

bevrisTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda modernizmi saeklesio arqiteqtu-

raSi, nawili, piriqiT, iwonebda amgvar tendencias. misi uwmidesobac

162

ar Cqarobda gadawyvetilebis miRebas da amitomac gadawyda ramde-

nime TveSi sakonkurso proeqtebis gamofenis mowyoba. meore turi

2 seqtembers gaixsna.148 pirvel turTan SedarebiT, arqiteqtorebma

gacilebiT srulyofili namuSevrebi warmoadgines. sabolood saqar-

Tvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma gamarjvebulad axalgazrda arqiteq-

tori arCil mindiaSvili daasaxela.

xuroTmoZRvarni, odiTganve, udides mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen

adgils, sadac unda aRemarTaT TavianTi qmnileba. TveobiT dae-

Zebdnen iseT teritorias, sadac harmoniulad Seerwymoda erT-

maneTs garemo da taZari.

qarTul eklesia-monastrebis xilvisas upirvelesad aRtace-

baSi mohyavxar arqiteqtoris gadawyvetilebas: ra saocari gumaniT

SeurCevia adgili taZrisaTvis! tao-klarjeTis, samcxis, qarTl-kaxeTis,

guria-aWarisa Tu imereT-samegrelos Zeglebi gana iseTi esTetikur

siamovnebas mogvaniWebdnen, sxva reliefze rom yofiliyvnen agebulni.

Cveni xuroTmoZRvarni saocrad uTavsebdnen garemos momavali taZris

formasa da masStabebs. Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs taZrisa da mSeneblobis

adgilis Sexamebas zogadad Zeglis aRqmaSi, kargad Cans mcxeTis jvris

magaliTze. igi isea Serwymuli mcxeTis Tavze aRmarTul mTas, rom

mnaxvels eqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos am mTidan iyos amozrdili. anda

aviRoT banas SesaniSnavi kaTedrali. taos es nawili sakmaod xriokia,

miuxedavad amisa, xuroTmoZRvarma mainc moZebna iseTi adgili, sadac

buneba Tavad qmnis ferTa harmonias. taZris fasadi SeZerwilia moyvi-

Talo naTali qviT da saocrad miesadageba garemos.

romeli erTi Zegli CamovTvaloT.

es sakiTxi yvela qveynisa da epoqis arqiteqtorTa safiqrali

iyo da aris.

Sesabamis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis dawyebamde amave prob-

lemis winaSe dadga Cveni sazogadoebac. yvelas kargad esmoda, rom

8 samebis sakaTedro taZris proeqtis SerCevisaTvis Catarebuli konkursis orive

turis vrceli mimoxilva, namuSevarTa saTanado SefasebiT mocemulia naSromSi: j.

samuSia, ase Sendeboda Tbilisis wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari, Tb. 2010, gv., 56-114.

163

momavali qmnileba harmoniulad unda Serwymoda garemos da qalaq-

is organul nawilad qceuliyo. jer kidev sawyis etapze, rode-

sac mxolod proeqtebis ganxilva mimdinareobda, arqiteqtorebi da

xelovnebaTmcodneebi sagangebod miuTiTebdnen wm. samebis taZris

kompleqsis qalaqis dagegmarebaSi faqizad `Casmis~ aucileblobaze.

meore turis Semdeg TiTqos gadawyvetili iyo momavali taZris

avlabris platoze ageba. magram sxvadasxva faqtorma ganapiroba

axali adgilis Zieba. upirvelesi mizezi iyo is, rom 1991-1992 ww.

Semdeg, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebeli gaxldaT baraTaSvilis aRmarTis

zeda terasis gamoTavisufleba mSeneblobisaTvis. am periodisaTvis

sakiTxis gadawyvetis erTaderTi realuri gza iyo qalaqis cen-

tralur nawilSi Tavisufali adgilis moZieba, sadac SesaZlebeli

iqneboda kaTedralisa da sapatriarqo rezidenciis ganTavseba. didi

sja-baasis Sedegad gadawyda, rom wm. samebis taZrisaTvis vakeSi,

studqalaqis teritoriaze gamoeyoT adgili.

vakeSi sapatriarqo rezidenciis gadatana aSkarad gamoiwvev-

da qalaqis am nawilSi qalaqdagegmarebiT sirTuleebs. am peri-

odSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi gamarTuli Sexvedrisas vakis

studqalaqis paralelurad, variantis doneze, momavali kaTedralis

asagebad SeirCa aseve avlabarSi `megobrobis parkis~ teritoria.

am mosazrebas Tavidanve bevri mxardamWeri gauCnda, rasac araerTi

dadebiTi faqtori ganapirobebda. jer erTi `megobrobis parkis~

teritoria gacilebiT didi iyo, vidre vakis studqalaqisa, meore, am

adgilze agebuli kaTedrali Tbilisis uamravi adgilidan iqneboda

SesamCnevi da mesame, mas Tavisuflad SeeZlo dedaqalaqis am nawilSi

dominantis rolis Sesruleba. sabolood, 1995 wlis seqtemberSi,

wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris asagebad SeirCa isan-samgoris raionSi,

elias ubanSi arsebuli `megobrobis parkis~ teritoria.159

1994 wlis 14 oqtombers, sveticxovlis dResaswaulze, svet-

icxovlis sakaTedro taZarSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

9 vrclad ix. j. samuSia, ase Sendeboda Tbilisis wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari,

gv.,38-54.

164

triarqma samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis fondis dafuZneba

gamoacxada. 1995 wlis ivlisidan fonds saTaveSi Caudga saer-

TaSoriso sainJinro akademiisa da saqarTvelos sainJinro akademiis

wevri irakli andriaZe.

1995 wlis 23 noembers elias mTaze momavali sakaTedro taZris

qvabulis amoReba daiwyo. 1996 wlis 3 marts saZirkveli ekurTxa.

saZirkvlis kurTxevis Semdeg, pirvel etapze, mSenebloba sakma-

od kargi tempiT mimdinareobda. magram male siZneleebma iCina Tavi.

misi uwmindesobis ganwyoba, rwmena imisa, rom taZari aucileblad

aigeboda, yvelas udides enTuziazms unergavda. mwiri dafinansebis

pirobebSi taZari nel-nela miiwevda 0.00 niSnulisaken. amis para-

lelurad 1998 wels sakaTedro taZris samxreTiT aigo wm. ilia

Tezbitelis xis eklesia (1999 wlis 2 marts, gamTeniisas xis

eklesia gaurkvevel viTarebaSi daiwva. 2000 wlisaTvis wm. ilia

Tezbitelis axali qvis eklesiis Seneba daiwyo).

2000 wlisaTvis kaTedralis miwisqveSa nawili dasrulebuli

iyo. swored 2000 wlidan gamoCnda kaTedralis generaluri spon-

sori, biZina ivaniSvili, romlis finansuri daxmarebiTac aigo es

grandiozuli taZari.

ZiriTadi karkasis mSenebloba 2001 wlis miwurulisTvis ukve

dasrulebuli iyo. 2002 wlis ianvar-martSi gumbaTis yelis mSen-

ebloba warmoebda.

wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis istoriaSi erT-er-

Ti ZiriTadi etapi dasrulda 2002 wlis 31 marts, rodesac gum-

baTze bolo betoni Caisxa. kaTedrali mTeli grandiozulobiTY

amoiwia Tbilisis Tavze.

2002-03 ww-Si ZiriTadad taZris mopirkeTebis samuSaoebi mim-

dinareobda. 2003 wlis 6 dekembers wm. samebis sakaTedro taZarze

jvari aRimarTa.

wm. samebis sakaTedro taZari mfarvelad moevlinaTbiliss da

sruliad saqarTvelos. qarTul xuroTmoZRvrul ZeglTagan wmida same-

bis sakaTedro taZari yvelaze masStaburia. dedaqalaqSi igi TiTqmis

165

yvela wertilidan Cans. uSualod kaTedrali ori _ miwiszeda da

miwisqveSa nawilisagan Sedgeba. saerTo simaRle nulovani niSnulidan

jvris CaTvliT 86.10 metria (uSualod jvari 7,5 metris simaRlisaa).

lavris miwisqveSa nawilSi ori sarTuli mdebareobs. taZris fundamen-

ti 14,07 metris siRrmezea (qveda sarTulis iataki 13,07 metrzea. amas

emeteba erTmetriani fundamenti). wm. samebis taZris saerTo simaRle,

am monacemebiT, 100,17 metria (86.10+14.07). wm. samebis taZris sigrZe

70,450 metri, sigane ki 64.68 metria.1610

2004 wlis gazafxulze gadawyda, wmida samebis sakaTedro

taZari 23 noembers, giorgobis brwyinvale dResaswaulze ekurTxe-

binaT. ramdenadac cnobilia, mTlianad kompleqsSi 12 eklesiaa: uSua-

lod kaTedralSi ganTavsebulia 10 eklesia: wm. samebis sakaTedro

taZari, xarebis eklesia, mTavarangelozTa saxelobis eklesia, wmida

ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis eklesia, wmida ninos saxelobis

eklesia, wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis eklesia, wmida

nikolozis saxelobis eklesia, yovelTa wmidaTa saxelobis eklesia,

Tormeti mociqulis saxelobis eklesia, wmida giorgis saxelobis

eklesia. kompleqsis samxreT karibWesTan aRmarTulia wm. ilia Tez-

bitelis saxelobis eklesia, xolo dasavleT (centralur) karibWis

Tavze iveriis RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia.

2004 wlis 23 noemberi, wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris kurTxeva,

sruliad saqarTvelosaTvis udides dResaswaulad iqca. am dRes

dilidanve aTasobiT morwmune ewvia elias mTas. wmida samebis sakaT-

edro taZris kurTxeva dilis 7 saaTze daiwyo da igi Caatares _

ninowmindisa da sagarejos episkoposma lukam, samTavisisa da go-

ris episkoposma andriam da gurjaanisa da veliscixis episkoposma

eqvTimem. trapezis kurTxeva daasrula misma uwmidesobam, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m, ris Semdegac daiwyo

sadResaswaulo wirva.

10 taZris moculobis mimoxilva mocemulia naSromSi, j. samuSia, ase Sendeboda

Tbilisis wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari, gv.,160-202.

166

kurTxevidan TiTqmis aTma welma ganvlo. taZari yovelTvis sav-

sea mlocvelebiT. da ase iqneba ukuniTsi ukunisamde. wmida samebis

taZris karibWes milionobiT adamiani gadaabijebs. gaivlis wlebi,

saukuneebi, wm. samebis sakaTedro taZari ki darCeba Cveni eris Seu-

ryeveli rwmenis, erTobis, SemarTebis simbolod. uflis nebiT, is

Seasrulebs RmerTsa da kacTa Soris karibWis funqcias.

erT werilSi Znelia mTeli sisruliT warmoCndes yvela is

miRweva, romelic bolo aTwleulebis manZilze ganicada saeklesio

arqiteqturam. Tu ra mdgomareoba sufevda am mimarTulebiT gasuli

saukunis 80-ian wlebSi, amaze naTel warmodgenas gviqmnis samebis

sakaTedro taZris asagebad gamocxadebuli konkursis pirveli tur-

is masalebis vizualuri daTvaliereba. Cvens arqiteqtorebsa da

mSeneblebs imxanad eklesiaTa agebis gamocdileba TiTqmis ar gaaCn-

daT. amitomac proeqtTa umetesoba sayofacxovrebo daniSnulebis

nagebobas ufro waagavda, vidre RvTis saxls. dRes ki, wlebis Sem-

deg, ra SesaniSnavad Cans am saukunis wamowyebis dedaazri. saqme

martooden erTi konkretuli taZris, Tundac sakaTedro taZari

yofiliyo, agebaSi rodi mdgomareobda. misi uwmidesoba, saqarTve-

los kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-m SesaniSnavad ganWvrita, rom

es mSenebloba Cveni eris sulieri aRmavlobis sawindrad iqceoda.

imavdroulad, es wamowyeba aTwleulobiT miviwyebuli saeklesio

arqiteqturis, mxatvrobis, Wedurobisa Tu sxva dargTa aRorZinebis

safuZveli gaxdeboda.

167

goCa saiTiZegoCa saiTiZe

2008 wlis saqarTvelo-ruseTis omi 2008 wlis saqarTvelo-ruseTis omi

da saqarTvelos eklesiada saqarTvelos eklesia

2008 wlis agvistos movlenebis gaxseneba rTulia,

Cvens tkivilTan aris dakavSirebuli da arasasiamovno mov-

lenebTan Cveni istoriisa. amave dros, minda aRvniSno, rom is, rac

xdeboda, iman gamoaCina TiToeuli adamianis, mTeli sazogadoebis

mdgomareoba, misi damokidebuleba mamulisadmi da bolo xanebSi

ganviTarebuli movlenebis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso epizodia~

(mTavarepiskoposi andria gvazava).

2008 wlis agvistos damdegs saqarTvelosa da e. w. samxreT

oseTis SeiaraRebul Zalebs Soris intensiuri srolebi daiwyo, ris

Sedegadac ramdenime adamiani daiWra da daiRupa. orive mxare sro-

lis dawyebaSi erTmaneTs adanaSaulebda. 7 agvistosTvis saqarTve-

los SeiaraRebuli Zalebis 10 jariskaci iyo daRupuli.

7 agvistos sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmi-

desma da unetaresma ilia II-m dapirispirebul mxareebs Serigebisa da

urTierTSoris arsebuli problemebis mSvidobiani gziT gadaWrisken

mouwoda: gamovTqvamT Cvens did SeSfoTebasa da gulistkivils sama-

CabloSi bolo dReebSi Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamo.

sisxli da msxverpli Cvens Soris arsebul situacias kidev

ufro gaamwvavebs da ufskruls gaaRrmavebs. amitomac movuwodebT

rogorc saqarTvelos xelisuflebas, ise osur mxares, yvelas, visT-

visac Zvirfasia adamianis sicocxle da Cveni qveynis mSvidobiani

ganviTareba, yvelaferi gaakeTon, raTa Sewydes saomari dapirispireba

da problemebi mSvidobiani gziT gadawydes.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos xelisufleba samSvidobo poli-

tikis gatarebis momxrea. vimedovnebT, osuri mxarec ar gaamwvavebs

168

viTarebas. osebs da qarTvelebs saukunovani naTesaoba, megobroba da,

rac mTavaria, qristianuli rwmena gvaerTianebs da unda SevZloT

mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas sisxlis gareSe mivaRwioT.

mivmarTav saqarTvelos eklesiis sasuliero pirebs da morwmune

ers _ gaaZlieron locva mSvidobisaTvis~.

7 agvistos, saRamos, saqarTvelos prezidentis _ mixeil saa-

kaSvilis brZanebiT, qarTulma mxarem srolis calmxrivad Sewyveta

gamoacxada. prezidentma konfliqtis mxareebs `nebismier formatSi~

molaparakebisken mouwoda. sapasuxod, separatistebis Tavdasxmebma

qarTul soflebze ufro mwvave xasiaTi miiRo, soflebi _ avnevi, Ta-

maraSeni, eredvi, nuli da frisi sastikad daibomba, qurTas policiis

Senoba mowinaaRmdegis artileriis intensiuri cecxlis qveS moeqca,

mSvidobiani mosaxleoba soflebidan gaixizna.

7 agvistos, RamiT, saqarTvelos SeiaraRebulma Zalebma daiwyes

sapasuxo samxedro operacia qalaq cxinvalze kontrolisa da re-

gionSi wesrigis dasamyareblad. am droisTvis 58-e rusuli armia

rokis gvirabis gavliT ukve Semosuli iyo cxinvalis regionis

teritoriaze.

8 agvistos qarTulma jarma ramdenime sofeli (muguTi, did-

muxa, dmenisi, sarabuki da sxv.) daikava da cxinvalis misadgomebTan

imyofeboda. zogierTma nawilma qalaqSi Sesvlac moaxerxa. rusuli

samxedro qvedanayofebi saomar moqmedebebSi Caebnen; paralelurad,

rusulma aviaciam saqarTvelos sxva regionebis, maT Soris, goris

da foTis, agreTve, strategiuli obieqtebis (vazianis samxedro

baza, marneulis samxedro aerodromi da a. S.), sahaero dabombvebic

daiwyo. msoflios araerTi saxelmwifos liderma da saerTaSoriso

organizaciam ruseTs cecxlis Sewyvetisken mouwoda.

8 agvistos saqarTvelos sapatriarqom specialuri gancxadeba

gaavrcela: ̀ saqarTvelos sapatriarqo kidev erTxel did SeSfoTebas

da gulistkivils gamoTqvams cxinvalis regionSi Seqmnili mdgoma-

reobis gamo. cnobilia, rom aris msxverpli da daWrilebi rogorc

samxedro SenaerTebSi, aseve mSvidobian mosaxleobaSi.

169

sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II mouwodebs

saqarTvelos eklesiis mrevls, gaaZlieron locva mSvidobisaTvis,

ikiTxon fsalmunni da paraklisebi.

dRes, saRamos 7 saaTze, sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-pat-

riarqi wmida samebis sakaTedro taZarSi aRavlens samSvidobo

locvas. amave dros, anu 19.00 sT-ze saqarTveloSi yvela moqmed-

ma taZarma unda Caataros yovladwmida RvTismSoblis savedrebeli

paraklisi. garda amisa, taZrebSi yoveldRe unda Catardes wir-

va-locva saomari moqmedebis Sewyvetamde~.

9 agvistos cxinvalis misadgomebTan brZolebi grZeldeboda,

ris Semdegac ruseTis 58-e armiis qvedanayofebi da sahaero Zale-

bis fskovis 76-e sahaero divizia cxinvalSi Sevidnen. ruseTis

samxedro aviaciam liaxvis xeobis cxrave qarTuli sofeli, agreTve,

senakis samxedro baza, foTis porti, vazianis aerodromis asafreni

biliki da onis raionis soflebi wedisi da bari dabomba; samxedro

nawilebi, afxazur ZalebTan erTad, kodoris xeobaSi SeiWrnen; qalaq

gorSi yumbarebi e. w. kombinatis dasaxlebaSi sacxovrebel korpu-

sebs moxvda. daiRupa aTeulobiT jariskaci da mSvidobiani mosaxle.

9 agvistos sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmi-

desma da unetaresma ilia II-m Tbilisis respublikur saavadmyofosa

da RuduSauris klinikaSi daWrili meomrebi moinaxula. man akur-

Txa, anugeSa da gaamxneva daWrilebi da gadasca maT fuladi Tanxa,

Svidgzis locvebi da nugbari. saqarTvelos eklesiis yvela eparqi-

is sasuliero pirebi Tav-TavianT samwysoebSi rCebodnen, dadiodnen

soflebsa da qalaqebSi, nugeSs scemdnen xalxs, maTTvis gasaWiris

Semsubuqebas cdilobdnen.

kaTolikos-patriarqma msoflio Tanamegobrobas saqarTveloSi

situaciis mSvidobiani gadawyvetis saqmeSi qmediTi daxmarebis aR-

moCena sTxova. man Semdegi Sinaarsis gancxadeba gamosca: `saqarTve-

los eklesia gamoxatavs did mwuxarebas qveyanaSi Seqmnili mdgo-

mareobis gamo da TanagrZnobas ucxadebs daRupulTa da daWrilTa

ojaxebs _ rogorc qarTvelebs, ise osebs. es Cveni saerTo tragediaa,

170

magram aucilebelia yvelam icodes da, gansakuTrebiT, cxinvalis re-

gionis mosaxleobam (iseve rogorc afxazeTSi mcxovrebmac), rom maT

qarTvelebi ar ebrZvian da maTi gaZeveba aravis surs. saqarTvelo

Tavisi sazRvrebis mTlianobas icavs. es survili samarTliania da

amas saerTaSoriso normebic iTvaliswinebs.

yvelam icis, rom samxreT oseTis avtonomia saqarTvelos Zala-

dobrivi gasabWoebis Sedegia, romelic Cvens istoriul teritoriaze

mxolod 80-90 wlis win Seiqmna da igi ar unda iqnas gamoyenebuli

separatizmis safuZvlad.

am miwa-wyalze saukuneTa manZilze qarTvelebTan erTad yovel-

Tvis mSvidobianad cxovrobdnen osebic, iseve rogorc afxazeTSi _

afxazebi. Cven kvlavac mosurneni varT mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebisa,

magram qarTveli eri verasodes Seegueba Tavisi sazRvrebis xe-

lyofas. saqarTvelos arasdros miutacia sxvisi teritoria, magram

Tavisas bolomde daicavs. ase rom, es aris teritoriuli mTliano-

bisTvis brZola da ara _ eTnokonfliqti.

saqarTvelos eklesia yovelTvis iyo da aris problemebis sa-

marTliani da mSvidobiani gziT gadaWris momxre, xolo mSvidoba

samarTlis gareSe ver damyardeba. amitomac mivmarTavT ruseTis

xelisuflebas _ Sewyviton sruliad gaumarTlebeli agresiuli

qmedebebi saqarTvelos teritoriaze da Tavisi mxardaWeriT nu waa-

xaliseben separatistul Zalebs.

aseve mivmarTavT saqarTvelos xelisuflebas da saerTaSoriso

sazogadoebas _ gamoiyenon yvela SesaZlebloba, raTa SeCerdes sisx-

lisRvra da politikuri da sxva gzebi gamoiZebnos samarTlianobis

aRsadgenad.

es ar aris mxolod saqarTvelosTvis da, Tundac, mxolod kav-

kasiisTvis saWiro qmedeba. aq, evraziis SesayarTan, mravali qveynis

bedi wydeba.

saqarTvelos istoria _ gansacdelebis istoriaa. Cven SevZlebT

gavuZloT Seqmnil problemebsac. mTavaria, droulad gadaidgas swo-

ri nabijebi, raTa situacia kidev ufro ar garTuldes.

171

locvas didi Zala aqvs. yvelas kidev erTxel mogiwodebT, gaaZ-

lieroT RvTisadmi vedreba~.

10 agvistos saqarTvelos jaris nawilebma cxinvalis misad-

gomebTan gadainacvles. cxinvalTan warmoebuli brZolebis dros

daiWra ruseTis 58-e armiis meTauri, general-leitenanti anato-

li xruliovi. rusulma xomaldebma saqarTvelos SavizRvispire-

Ti dablokes, dasavleT saqarTveloSi saxmeleTo jarebi Sevidnen,

samxedro aviaciam qalaqi gori da misi mimdebare soflebi, agreTve,

saavacio qarxnis `TbilaviamSenis~ teritoria dabomba.

11 agvistos TbilisSi safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministri

bernar kuSneri, agreTve, evropis ramdenime saxelmwifos (ukrainis,

poloneTis, litvis, latviis da estoneTis) meTauri Camovida. ru-

sulma aviaciam cxinvalis regionis da goris raionis soflebze,

agreTve, Tbilissa da mis Semogarenze, sahero Seteva ganaxorciela;

senakis samxedro baza da zugdidis policiis sadguri rusma samxed-

roebma daikaves; goridan qarTuli samxedro nawilebis araorganize-

buli ukandaxeva daiwyo.

ruseTis armiis nawilebis samxedro moqmedebebis Sedegad umZi-

mes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqiis samR-

vdeloeba, eklesia-monastrebi; seriozulad dazianda sofel xeiTis,

ikorTis, qemertis, sveris eklesiebi; niqozisa da cxinvalis mitro-

politis, meufe isaias (Wanturia) rezidenciis teritoriaze, sofel

zemo niqozSi, 32 Wurvi Camovarda. meufe isaia da adgilze myofi

sxva adamianebi sikvdils saswaulebrivad gadaurCnen.

ramdenime dRiT adre zemo niqozSi samTavisisa da goris mTava-

repiskoposi meufe andria (gvazava) imyofeboda, romelic SemdgomSi

igonebda: `roca CavediT niqozSi, vnaxeT iq mdgomareoba. am dros

qarTuli nawilebi cxinvalSi Sesvlas cdilobdnen... mivediT meufe

isaiasTan. masTan saubris Semdeg gadawyda iqidan dedebis gamoyvana.

TviTon meufem niqozis datovebaze uari ganacxada da darCena irCia,

rac srulebiT gasagebi da bunebrivic iyo. meore dRes dedebi gamo-

viyvaneT. meufis rezidencia jer dabombili ar iyo~.

172

niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqiis rezidenciis dabombvis faqts

meufe isaia ase ixsenebda: `ver getyviT, ratom moxda monastris

dabombva. ezoSi sami manqana idga... SesaZloa, dabombvis sababic es

gaxda. Tavidan vecadeT, monastris manqana mogveridebina srolebs

da cota mofarebul adgilSi davayeneT, Tumca, verc iq gadaurCa

dacxrilvas. monastris sakuTrebaSi gvyavda aseve erTi mikroavto-

busi, riTac soflebis mosaxleobas vemsaxurebodiT. im dReebSi am

avtobusiT gavxizneT mosaxleoba, sxva transporti aRar arsebobda.

Semdeg mama antons vTxove, Camosuliyo axalgoridan, raTa aq

erTi moZRvari mainc yofiliyo. amgvarad, ezoSi idga Cemi manqana,

mikroavtobusi da mama antonis manqana. ar vici, ra ifiqres da, Sesa-

Zloa, am manqanebis danaxvam ganapiroba monastris dabombva...

wirvis Semdeg yvelani satrapezoSi visxediT, cota gagvigrZelda

saubari. im dRes CvenTan erTad iyo erTi Cveni mezobeli, romelmac

ori Rame gaatara monasterSi. TviTmfrinavebis xma rom Semogvesma,

man gareT gaixeda, SevZaxeT, Semosuliyo da, rogorc ki mobrunda,

Cveni dabombvac daiwyo.

Cveni satrapezo erTsarTuliani nageboba iyo, mis gverdiT sena-

kebi gvqonda. marto im adgilas 12 Wurvia Camovardnili, SeiZleba

metic. es nagebobebi monastris teritoriaze arsebul sasaxlesaa

miSenebuli, romelic SemaRlebul adgilze dgas da orsarTulian

nagebobas warmoadgens. amitom, TiTqos mofarebul adgilas viyaviT,

magram sasaxles dacemuli Wurvi Semdeg Cvens oTaxs daeca. yvelani

erT oTaxSi viyaviT da marTla RvTis wyaloba iyo, rom uklebliv

yvela gadavrCiT! eniT auwerelad Semzaravi iyo es dabombva~.

TviTmfrinavebiT dabombvis Sedegad samonastro nageboba mTlia-

nad daiwva, sruliad ganadgurda eparqiis biblioTeka da arqivi.

meufe isaiam sikvdils saswaulebrivad gadarCenili morCilebi da

stumrebi xifaTs gaarida. uwmidesis locva-kurTxeviT, monasterSi

mxolod igi da mama antoni darCnen. saomari moqmedebebis miuxedavad,

maT wirvebi ar CaugdiaT, RvTismsaxureba Cveulebriv ganagrZes.

sofelSi darCenili adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi, umTavresad, mo-

173

xucebi, dabombvebis dros Tavs sardafebs afarebdnen. soflis mosa-

xleobis saqoneli upatronod iyo mitovebuli. gaCnda dizinteriis

gavrcelebis saSiSroeba.

12 agvistos ruseTis samxedro nawilebma saqarTvelos Seiara-

Rebuli Zalebi cxinvalis regionidan da afxazeTidan gamodevnes.

imave dRes maT gori, foTi da saqarTvelos ramdenime sxva qalaqi da

raioni dabombes, ris Sedegadac ramdenime adamiani daiRupa.

Seqmnil viTarebaSi gori mosaxleobis nawilma datova _ axal-

gazrdebma, qalebma da bavSvebma; mamakacebi da moxucebi darCnen. qa-

laqSi darCenil mosaxleobas sWirdeboda yvelaferi: wyalic, puric

da dacvac.

mTavarepiskopos andrias TqmiT, àm dReebis ganmavlobaSi CvenTan

iyvnen da TavdadebiT iRvwodnen sasuliero pirebi _ mcxeTa-Tbi-

lisis eparqiis, Tbilisis wmida samebis monastris saZmo, dasavleT

evropis sasuliero dasis warmomadgenlebi... aq Cven sardafi gvaqvs.

dabombva iwyeboda saRamos pirze da diliT iyo ZiriTadi dabombva.

yvela CavdiodiT sardafSi. ramdenime Ramis gaTeneba sardafSi mo-

gviwia...

ase gagvqonda es dReebi, erTmaneTs vamxnevebdiT... yoveldRe iyo

liturgiebi, msaxureba taZarSi ar Sewyvetila. erTad vmsaxurebdiT

yvela, vaziarebdiT mrevls... Cven gamovdiodiT dRisiTac da wirvis

Semdeg vuvlidiT qalaqs nakurTxi wylis sxurebiT, vcdilobdiT

mosaxleobis ganmtkicebas, damSvidebas, nugeSiscemas. sasuliero pi-

rebi iyvnen TavianTi msaxurebis adgilze soflebSic, maT Soris, iqac,

sadac aqtiuri sabrZolo moqmedebebi mimdinareobda.

am dros gvigzavnidnen pirveladi moxmarebis aucilebel nivTebs

_ sakvebs da sawvavs. sawvavs imitom, rom Cvens eklesias gaaCnia

mcire sacxobi, romelic emsaxureba saepiskoposo rezidenciasTan

arsebul upovarTa sasadilos, maTTvis purs acxobs. es Cveni sacxobi

erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi gaxda erTaderTi adgili qalaqSi, sadac

puri cxveboda. keTdeboda sadili, cxveboda puri da usasyidlod

urigdeboda mosaxleobas. gazi, ra Tqma unda, gadaiketa, radgan gazi

174

saSiSia, raTa xanZari ar moxdes. amitom, Cveni sacxobi dizelis saw-

vavze muSaobda.

yvelasTvis TvalsaCino iyo, rom saqarTvelos eklesia da, upir-

veles yovlisa, misi winamZRoli da mamamTavari, Cveni patriarqi dgas

qveynisa da eris samsaxurSi da srulebiT iziarebs gansacdels, ro-

melic Tavs daatyda Cvens qveyanas.

es ar aris raRac gansakuTrebuli, es aris is yoveldRiuri cxo-

vreba, rasac eklesia ganaxorcielebs. es aris is yoveldRiuri msa-

xureba, romelic aris miRebuli marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi: mSierTa

dapureba, mwyurvalTa dawyureba, mwuxareTa nugeSiniscema, obolTa,

avadmyofTa da patimarTa mokiTxva da micvalebulTa dakrZalva. es

aris eklesiis cxovreba da mis yoveldRiurobas warmoadgens.

ubralod, gansxvaveba is iyo, rom es sagangebo mdgomareobaSi

aResruleboda, Tumca isic minda vTqva, rom Tuki yovelive amas

adamiani ar akeTebs yoveldRiur yofaSi, rodesac aqvs amisTvis

yovelgvari pirobebi, _ gansacdelis Jams amas veRar gaakeTebs, amis-

Tvis sulieri Zalebi ar eqneba. anu Tu es aris Seni yoveldRiuri

cxovrebis wesi, maSin amis erTguli darCebi gansacdelis Jamsac da

rac ar gagikeTebia mSvidobianobis dros, miT ufro ver gaakeTeb amas

maSin, rodesac amis SesaZlebloba SezRudulia da Sens sicocxles

safrTxe emuqreba.

amitom, me ver vityvi, rom raRac gansakuTrebuli gaakeTa ekle-

siam; Cven gavakeTeT is, rasac eklesia mudam aRasrulebs da rac unda

gagvekeTebina RvTisa da Cveni qveynis, Cveni eris winaSe~.

12 agvistos saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma ga-

nacxada, rom saqarTvelo damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobro-

bidan gamodioda. samSvidobo iniciativiT jer moskovSi, Semdeg ki

TbilisSi evrokavSiris Tavmjdomare qveynis _ safrangeTis prezi-

denti nikola sarkozi Camovida. man mebrZol rusul da qarTul

mxareebs Cixidan gamosvlis eqvspunqtiani gegma SesTavaza.

imave dRes sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmi-

desma da unetaresma ilia II-m ruseTis prezidents _ dimitri med-

175

vedevs mimarTva gaugzavna, romelSic cecxlis saswrafod Sewyveti-

sa da samSvidobo molaparakebebis dawyebisken mouwoda. mimarTvaSi

kaTolikos-patriarqi, saxeldobr, aRniSnavda: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav,

batono prezidento, mogmarTavT Tqven, ruseTis prezidentsa da mTa-

varsardals saqarTvelosTvis da ara marto Cemi qveynisTvis mZime

dReebSi.

rogorc cnobilia, rusuli TviTmfrinavebi bombaven qarTul so-

flebsa da qalaqebs _ marTlmadideblebi klaven marTlmadideblebs!

daxocilTa da daWrilTa Soris arian bavSvebi, qalebi, moxuce-

bi, Jurnalistebi... sul axlaxans dabombes niqozisa da cxinvalis

mitropolit isaias rezidencia, romelic sakaTedro taZridan 50

metriTaa daSorebuli. TviTon meufe da misi morCilebi saswauliT

gadarCnen. ibombeba sacxovrebeli da sazogadoebrivi daniSnulebis

Senobebi...

ase rom, rusi meomrebis mier ar xdeba mxolod qarTuli samxed-

ro daniSnulebis obieqtebis gauvnebelyofa, rogorc amas rusi Jur-

nalistebi acxadeben.

rusuli sainformacio saSualebebi avrceleben imasac, TiTqos

qarTvelebi arian okupantebi, romelTac moawyves genocidi, rac, rbi-

lad rom vTqvaT, tyuilia.

Cven gamovTqvamT Rrma mwuxarebas aTasobiT gardacvlilis, _

rogorc qarTvelis, ise osebisa da rusebis gamo da didad vwuxvarT

Seqmnil situaciasTan dakavSirebiT.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia yovelTvis iyo da aris

problemebis mSvidobiani gziT mogvarebis momxre. Cven adrec amis

Sesaxeb araerTxel vacxadebdiT da axlac igives vimeorebT. Tumca

aucilebelia aRiniSnos isic, rom cxinvalis regioni, _ samxreT ose-

Ti aris ZirZveli qarTuli miwa, sadac osTa ZiriTadi nawili XVII

saukuneSi gadmosaxlda, xolo oseTis avtonomia gasuli saukunis

20-ian wlebSi komunistebis mier Seiqmna.

amitomac, sazRvrebis mTlianobis aRdgenis mcdeloba ar SeiZle-

ba Sefasdes rogorc Tavdasxma anda eTnokonfliqti. es igivea, rom

176

moulodnelad ruseTs Seeqmnas problema novgorodTan an smolen-

skTan mimarTebaSi da man daicvas Tavisi teritoria. miTumetes, rom

Tqvens qveyanas aqvs msgavsi gamocdileba CeCneTSi.

batono prezidento, me imedi maqvs Tqveni keTilgonierebisa.

am omSi veravin iqneba gamarjvebuli.

rusul-qarTul urTierTobebSi mZime periodebi yofila, magram

situacia Ria saomar moqmedebamde ar misula. amitomac, es aris

gansacdeli ara marto saqarTvelosTvis, anda rusul-qarTuli ur-

TierTobisTvis, aramed ruseTisTvisac.

aRniSnuli situaciis gagrZeleba kategoriulad dauSvebelia.

Cven yvelam unda vicodeT, rom vidre srulad ar aRdgeba saqarT-

velos teritoriuli mTlianoba, mudam iqneba daZabuloba da kon-

fliqtis saSiSroeba. erTaderTi gamosavali cecxlis uswrafesad

Sewyveta da samSvidobo molaparakebebis dawyebaa, raTa aRdges sa-

marTlianoba. sadac ar aris samarTlianoba, iq ar aris mSvidobac!

vfiqrob, RvTis SewevniT davZlevT dapirispirebas da Zmuri ur-

TierToba kvlav ganaxldeba.

RmerTma dalocos Cveni xalxebi mSvidobiTa da keTildReobiT~.

kaTolikos-patriarqma analogiuri Sinaarsis mimarTva ruseTis

premier-ministr vladimer putinsac gaugzavna.

12 agvistos ilia II-s mxardamWeri werili msoflio patriarqma

barTolomeos I-ma gamougzavna. igi aRniSnavda: ùwmidessa da une-

taress, sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, qristes mier

sayvarel Zmas da Tanamwirvel ilia II-s.

Zmuri da uflismier amboriT gauwyebT: guldamZimebulni Tqven-

Tvis moyenebuli tkivilis gamo, cremliani TvalebiT ukve ramdenime

dRea Tvalyurs vadevnebT RvTis morwmune qarTvel erze moulodne-

lad Tavs datexil tragedias: udanaSaulo msxverplTa sisxlis Ra-

Radi yurT Cagvesmis. WrilobebiT miyenebuli tkivili, ZaldatanebiT

gadaadgilebulTa ubedureba, sayvarel adamianTa danakargiT glova,

upasuxod darCenili gasaWiri, mitovebul, uZlur moxucTa SiSi, ro-

melic ganicada erTnairad qarTvelma da osma xalxma. Tqveni jvari

177

dRes Cveni jvaric xdeba. TqvenTan erTad Cvenc vglovobT da guls

gvtkens saqarTveloze Tavs datexili ubedureba.

muxls vidrekT mSvidobis mTavris winaSe, sulis siRrmidan ve-

vedrebiT da locvebs aRvavlenT uflis mimarT, raTa yovladwmida

RvTismSoblis meoxebiT, didmowame giorgis da mociqulTasworis

wmida ninos SewevniT Tqvens qveyanaSi mSvidobam daisadguros, Sveba

mieces datanjul ers, xolo mtris mSvildebi Semusros da `saWur-

veli da farebi dawuas cecxliTa~ (fs. 45, 10), dasruldes marTlma-

didebel qristianTa ZmaTamkvleli omi, damyardes RmrTivmoniWebuli

erTsulovneba kavkasiis mowamebriv miwaze.

wmindao Zmao, medgrad ideqiT qariSxlis winaSe, radgan Tqven

xarT nugeSinismcemeli da meoxi Rirseuli qarTveli qristiani

xalxisa. uwyveti locviTa da didi siyvaruliT gviguleT Tqven

gverdiT, TanamosagreobiT, TanagrZnobiT da RvTisadmi sasoebiT. veam-

borebiT Tqvens Rirseul unetaresobas mxurvale qristesmieri ambo-

riT. RmerTi siyvarulisa da mSvidobisa iyavn Tqven Tana~.

13 agvistos, diliT, rusuli samxedro nawilebi da osuri Seia-

raRebuli formirebebi zemo niqozSi Sevidnen. maT sofelSi dar-

Cenili ramdenime adgilobrivi mosaxle mokles, gaZarcves saxle-

bi, waiRes yvelaferi, rac moewonaT an, ubralod, xelSi moxvdaT.

mosaxleoba umZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. marodiorebma eparqiis

mTavari sakaTedro taZaric gaZarcves. okupantebis nawili sofelSi

darCa, nawilma ki gza gorisken ganagrZo. rusuli formirebebi gor-

Si sxva mimarTulebebidanac Sevidnen.

13 agvistos, saRamos, qarTuli sajariso nawilebi goridan gavi-

dnen. qalaqSi jer gaugebari SeiaraRebuli formirebebi (osebi, kaza-

kebi da sxv.) Sevidnen, xolo Semdeg, 24 saaTis intervaliT, rusuli

regularuli sajariso nawilebi. am droisTvis gorSi saSineli

Zarcva-glejis procesi mimdinareobda _ marodiorebma mSvidobiani

mosaxleoba gaZarcves, rasac am ukanasknelTa Soris msxverpli mohy-

va. rusma samxedroebma goris SesasvlelTan dasavleT saqarTvelos-

ken mimavali centraluri saavtomobilo trasa gadaketes.

178

aseTi umZimesi mdgomareobis miuxedavad, gorSi darCenili ad-

gilobrivi mosaxleoba uaRresad Rirseulad iqceoda, moqalaqeebma

Zalze maRali TviTSegneba gamoavlines, vinmes an romelime dawesebu-

lebis gaZarcvis erTi SemTxvevac ki ar yofila.

mTavarepiskopos andrias mogonebidan: `Seqmnil viTarebaSi Cveni

samRvdeloeba, rac masze iyo davalebuli, maqsimalurad akeTebda.

Zalze gvexmareboda is Tanadgoma da mxardaWera, romelic Cveni

uwmindesis da, zogadad, sapatriarqos mxridan igrZnoboda. Cven da-

vurekeT patriarqs da rCeva vkiTxeT. aq yofna marto Cemi yofna ar

iyo, CemTan erTad iyvnen sasuliero pirebi da dedebi.

pasuxismgebloba ar iyo mxolod sakuTar Tavze, iyo im adamia-

nebze, romlebic Cven gverdiT iyvnen da vfiqrobdiT, isini aqaurobas

gagveridebina. rodesac patriarqs amis Sesaxeb vuTxariT, man Tqva,

yvela darCeso. rodesac misi sityvebi movismineT, maSin gulze mo-

gveSva... rasakvirvelia, es sityvebi yvelas gadaveci, radgan maTac

sWirdebodaT es Sinagani RerZi, rom rac ar unda moxdes, isini aq

unda iyvnen, da aseTia eklesiis kurTxeva da misi pozicia... dedebma

CvenTan erTad gadaitanes yvelaferi, rac im dReebSi xdeboda~.

14 agvistos SeiaraRebuli pirebi samTavisisa da goris epariis

rezidenciaSi SeiWrnen. meufe andria: `CvenTan xalxi modioda naSua-

dRevs, roca puri cxveboda. mosaxleoba sacxobTan grovdeboda, ro-

desac intensiuri srola atyda. SeSinebulma xalxma Tavi eklesias

Seafara. am dros ezoSi Semovida SeiaraRebuli adamianebis jgufi.

Sereuli erovnebis xalxi iyo _ osebic, rusebic...

maTTan gavedi. Cveni sasuliero pirebi, dedebi da xalxi kedel-

Tan hyavdaT miyenebuli, mec kedelTan damayenes. Zalze nerviulobd-

nen. Cemi da samebis lavris manqanebi gareT idga. erT-erTi adamiani,

albaT, maTi meTauri, yviroda, manqanebis gasaRebebi momeciTo. momiwia

mec xmis aweva, ra gayvirebs, aq aravin aris SeiaraRebuli, varT sasu-

liero pirebi da qalebi. rac ginda, mokide imas xeli da wadi, aravin

geubneba uars! ucbaT, es adamiani TiTqos gamofxizlda, damSvidda.

ufro Zarcvis interesi hqondaT, jibeebi yvelas gauCxrikes da, bo-

179

los, wasvlisas erTma jvari maCvena, mec qristiani varo~.

14 agvistos sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uw-

midesma da unetaresma ilia II-m ruseTis federaciis prezidents

da premier-ministrs gorsa da niqozSi Sesasvlelad samSvidobo

koridoris gakeTeba sTxova, rac rusulma mxarem Seasrula. am mniS-

vnelovani misiis ganxorcielebaSi pozitiuri roli Seasrula ru-

seTis eklesiis sagareo urTierTobebis ganyofilebis Tavmjdomarem

mitropolitma kirilem.

15 agvistos TbilisSi aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivani kondoliza

raisi Camovida. saqarTvelos prezidentma xeli moawera cecxlis

Sewyvetis 6-punqtian gegmas. momdevno dRes gegmas xeli ruseTis

prezidentmac moawera, ris Semdegac ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi

ruseTis sajariso nawilebma da sxva SeiaraRebulma formirebebma,

afxazeTis da cxinvalis regionis garda, saqarTvelos sxva terito-

ria TandaTanobiT datoves.

15 agvistos kaTolikos-patriarqi, sasuliero pirebisa da mo-

nazvnebis did jgufTan erTad, gorSi SebrZanda. igi Sexvda qa-

laqSi darCenil mosaxleobas, romelicsasowarkveTilebis zRvarze

idga, anugeSa isini, sursaT-sanovage, pirveladi higienis sagnebi da

medikamentebi gadasca. patriarqis Casvlas Zalian didi mniSvneloba

hqonda. misma danaxvam, udidesma siTbom da siyvarulma gansacdelSi

myofi adamianebi gaamxneva da sulierad gaaZliera.

goris Semdeg ilia II cxinvalidan erTi kilometriT daSorebul

sofel zemo niqozs ewvia. gzad, sofel SindisSi, man moinaxula is

adgili, sadac gaafTrebuli brZolebis Sedegad qarTveli jariskace-

bi daiRupnen.

SemdgomSi patriarqi ixsenebda: ès iyo is periodi, rodesac

verc ubralo adamianebi, verc saerTaSoriso humanitaruli orga-

nizaciebi (maT Soris, wiTeli jvari) da presis warmomadgenlebi

ver axerxebdnen iq SeRwevas. movinaxuleT darCenili mosaxleoba da,

ra Tqma unda, Cveni mRvdelmTavrebi da sasuliero pirebi, romelTac

didi safrTxis miuxedavad, ar datoves es eparqiebi~.

180

mitropolit isaias mogonebidan: `15 agvistos ramdenime adamiani

visxediT da vsaubrobdiT, rogor unda migvexeda soflisTvis da, ai,

am dros atyda zarebis rekva. uwmidesi CamobrZanda. es, iciT, ras

hgavda? ai, didi uamindobis mere yvela Rrubeli rom gadaiyreba, yve-

laferi ganaTdeba da mze rom gamova. maSin Cven virwmuneT, rom amiT

dasrulda Cvens Tavze moweuli gansacdeli~.

kaTolikos-patriarqi niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqias rusi

samxedro piris, sabrZolo moqmedebebis zonis komendantis, general

v. borisovis TanxlebiT ewvia. ilia II niqozSi darCenil mosaxle-

obasac Sexvda, isinic mamaSvilurad gaamxneva; sasuliero pirebma

maTac dauriges sursaT-sanovage, pirveladi higienis sagnebi da me-

dikamentebi. mas Semdeg, garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi, swored

monasteri iyo is adgili, saidanac xdeboda adgilobrivi mosaxleo-

bisTvis produqtebis darigeba.

taZarSi locvis Semdeg, samrevlo skolis SenobaSi Sexvedra

gaimarTa. meufe isaia: `patriarqTan erTad generali rom iyo aq

amosuli, mas vuTxari, naxeT, rogor dagvbombes-meTqi? man mipasuxa,

geficebiT, mec movxvdi dabombvaSio. amaze me mas mivuge: ki, magram,

Tqven xom samxedro piri xarT-meTqi. aRaraferi uTqvams...~. general-

ma borisovma piroba dado, rom marodioroba Sewydeboda _ amisTvis

adgilze daxvretis brZaneba iyo gacemuli da, amitom, Zarcvas veRa-

ravin gabedavda. dapirebis miuxedavad, mSvidobiani mosaxleobis day-

aCaReba da Zarcva-gleja SemdgomSi kvlavac gagrZelda, Tumca odnav

Semcirebuli masStabiT.

mitropoliti isaia: ”marodiorobis faqtebi xSiria da amis Se-

saxeb rusma samxedroebma kargad ician. Zarcva mxolod RamRamo-

biT ki ara, dRisiT-mzisiTac xdeboda... Cveni axlobeli movida da

Sematyobina, osebi soflidan Zroxebs mierekebiano. saqonels man-

qaniT gavedevneT. osebma rom dagvinaxes, erT-erTma avtomatianma

gamarTuli qarTuliT mommarTa: ”gaCerdi! sad midixar?” vuTxari,

saqme maqvs-meTqi da rusebis posts mivadeqi. samxedroebs mivmarTe:

Tqven xom gaqvT brZaneba, aRkveToT Zarcva da axla gaarkvieT, ro-

181

gor unda moiqceT, xom xedavT, niqozidan cxinvalisken mierekebian

saqonels-meTqi. maT Tavidan momiSores, araferi moimoqmedes. Tumca,

rodesac ukan movbrundi, cota xnis Semdeg im postis meTauri movida

da miTxra, saqoneli ukan movabruneTo. didi madloba gadavuxade...

erTi SemTxveva iyo aseTi _ fexburTis stadionia qveviT, xelo-

vnur safariani. Sevidnen rusi jariskacebi stadionze, xelovnuri

safari daaxvies da wavidnen... erTxel, sami saaTis ganmavlobaSi ru-

sul blokpostze videqiT... vxedavdiT, rogor ezidebodnen qarTuli

soflebidan naZarcvs, _ win da ukan dadiodnen ̀ niviT~. morig reisze

es manqana sabargulSi Catenili taxtiT vixileT, sabarguli axdili

iyo da taxtic yvelas dasanaxad, sanaxevrod gareT iyo gamoSveri-

li. es yvelaferi dRisiT-mzisiT da rusi samxedroebis Tvalwin

xdeboda...~.

15 agvistos, kaTolikos-patriarqis inicitiviT, konfliqtis zo-

nidan oTxi daWrilis gamoyvana da eqvsi gardacvlili adamianis

gadmosveneba moxerxda. ilia II-is TxovniT, sasuliero pirebma aR-

niSnuli saqmianoba SemdgomSic ganagrZes. rusma samxedroebma goris

da cxinvalis raionebis soflebSi mimosvlis, micvalebulTa gadmos-

venebis, daWrili da, zogadad, mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi adamianebis

saomari moqmedebebis zonidan gamoyvanis ufleba mxolod saqarTve-

los sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebs misces.

saqarTvelos xelisufleba da saerTaSoriso humanitaruli or-

ganizaciebi TavianT saqmianobas sasuliero pirebTan _ mTavarepis-

kopos andriasTan, mitropolit isaiasTan, dekanoz tariel sikinWa-

laSvilTan, mcxeTa-Tbilisis, ruis-urbnisis, samTavisisa da goris

da niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqiebis mRvdelmsaxurebTan mWidro

koordinirebiT warmarTavdnen. moralurad da fizikurad yvelaze

rTuli 26 agvistos cxinvalidan 43 qarTveli jariskacis TiTqmis

gaxrwnili cxedrebis gadmosveneba iyo. rodesac saxeldaxelod mo-

wyobili saflavebidan maTi amosveneba mimdinareobda, paralelurad,

separatistebi ruseTis xelisuflebis mier maTi saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobis aRiarebas zeimobdnen.

182

17 agvistos, Tbilisis yovladwmida samebis sapatriarqo taZarSi

gamarTuli wirvis Semdeg, sakvirao qadagebaSi ilia II-m brZana: òri

dRis win Cven mogveca saSualeba CavsuliyaviT gorsa da niqozSi. am

saqmeSi Cven ruseTis eklesia dagvexmara. madlobeli var ruseTis

sapatriarqos sagareo ganyofilebis Tavmjdomaris, mitropolit ki-

rilesi, romlis ZalisxmeviTac es gaxda SesaZlebeli.

Cven viyaviT im regionSi, sadac saSiSi mdgomareobaa. es adgilebi

dRes TiTqmis daclilia, mosaxleoba, ZiriTadad, gaxiznulia. gvqonda

Sexvedra niqozisa da cxinvalis mitropolit isaiasTan da gorisa

da samTavisis mTavarepiskopos andriasTan, SevxvdiT xalxs, iq darCe-

nil mosaxleobas, romlebic sasowarkveTaSi arian.

Cvenma Casvlam iq imedi Caitana; Cven vanugeSeT Cveni Zmebi da

debi, Cveni sulieri Svilebi. yvelaferi gavakeTeT, raTa imedi Cag-

vesaxa maTTvis. maT yvelaferi akliaT, axla iq situacia areulia,

magram imedi gvaqvs, rom mdgomareoba Seicvleba.

minda yvelas giTxraT: dRes, rogorc arasdros, eri unda iyos

erT muStad Sekruli. gvWirdeba erTi Zala, erTi neba, rom vZlioT

mters. dRes yvelani daTrgunulebi varT, magram yvelaze metad Cve-

ni jaria daTrgunuli. Cven gvesmis Tqveni gansacdeli, magram minda

vTqva, rom Cven damarcxebulni ar varT!~

ramdenime dReSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqom Semdegi Sinaarsis

mimarTva gaavrcela: `mogmarTavT qristesmieri siyvaruliT da Rrma

mwuxarebiT gacnobebT, rom a. w. 8 agvistodan daiwyo saomari mo-

qmedebebi saqarTvelos teritoriaze, ris Sedegadac gardaicvala,

daiWra da dazaralda mravali adamiani. Tbiliss moawyda iZule-

biT gadaadgilebulTa axali talRa, romelTa raodenoba ramdenime

aTeul aTass Seadgens. maTi ricxvi yoveldRiurad izrdeba.

ltolvilebs ara aqvT saWmeli, tansacmeli, Ramis gasaTevi, ele-

mentaruli sayofacxovrebo nivTebi, pirveladi moxmarebis sagnebi da

medikamentebi. gansakuTrebiT saWiroa karvebi, sabnebi, balonis gazqu-

rebi, leibebi, sarecxi saSualebebi, tansacmeli, WurWeli, gasaSleli

skamebi, magidebi, fqvili, Saqari, burRuleuli, mSrali sakvebi, zeTi,

183

marili, konservebi. aseve gvesaWiroeba wamlebi: tkivilgamayuCebeli,

dasamSvidebeli da sxva...

Tu gaqvT SesaZlebloba, madlierni viqnebiT, Tu SeeweviT umweod

darCenilT, daxmareba SegiZliaT gamogzavnoT saqarTvelos sapat-

riarqos saxelze~.

agvistos omis dReebSi eklesia-monastrebma didi roli Seasru-

les mSvidobiani mosaxleobis gadarCenis saqmeSi. xalxis nawilma

Tavi atenis xeobaSi dedaTa monasters, agreTve, atenis sions Seafa-

ra, nawilma _ qvaTaxevis mamaTa monasters, zogmac sxva monasters

miaSura. eklesia-monastrebSi TavSefarebul ramdenime aTas adamians

daxmarebas saqarTvelos sapatriarqos, calkeuli eparqiebis mre-

vlis warmomadgenlebi, biznesmenebi uwevdnen. im dReebSi eklesia

iyo, faqtobrivad, erTaderTi punqti, sadac purisa da sakvebis miReba

SeiZleboda.

25 agvistos ruseTis federaciis umaRlesma sakanonmdeblo or-

ganom _ dumam afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukidebloba oficialurad aRiara, rasac sruliadsaqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-s Semdegi Si-

naarsis gancxadebiT gamoexmaura: `saqarTvelos teritoriaze ru-

seTis aqtiuri saomari moqmedebebi dasrulda, magram, samwuxarod,

grZeldeba dapirispireba Cvens qveynebs Soris da igi ufro saSiS

fazaSi gadadis, rac dRes, 25 agvistos, ruseTis dumis mier afxaze-

Tisa da cxinvalis regionis (samxreT oseTis), _ ZirZveli qarTuli

miwebis damoukideblobis aRiarebaSi gamoixata.

odiTganve saqarTvelo iyo sxvadasxva kulturebisa da civili-

zaciebis gadakveTis adgili, amasTan, xSirad maTi Sejaxebis arenac.

yvela dapirispirebul mxares Tavisi mizani amoZravebda, Cvens

ers ki, bunebrivia, hqonda Tavisi interesi _ teritoriuli mTliano-

bis da erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba.

es interesi CvenTvis dResac ucvlelia da Cven, Cveni winaprebis

msgavsad, SevecdebiT am mizans vemsaxuroT.

gansakuTrebiT samwuxaroa is, rom ruseTi da saqarTvelo orive

184

marTlmadidebeli qveyanaa da dapirispireba da omi swored erT-

morwmune erebs Soris moxda.

unda gvaxsovdes, eSmaki yofs, RmerTi ki aerTianebs.

ruseTis mxridan afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionis damouki-

deblobis cnobiT msoflioSi xeli ewyoba separatizms da, amitomac,

saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba valdebulia, xma aRimaRlos amis winaaR-

mdeg.

separatizmi gadamdebi, centridanuli, saSineli Zalaa, romelic

angrevs saxelmwifos safuZvlebs da, Tu mas seriozuli gaqaneba

mieca, dedamiwas qaosi moicavs. mcire erebi yvela saxelmwifoSia da

maT rom politikuri damoukidebloba moindomon, bunebrivia, daiwyeba

dausrulebeli omebi.

mivmarTav ruseTis prezidents, baton dimitri medvedevs da pre-

mier-ministrs, baton vladimer putins _ saqarTvelodan afxazeTisa

da cxinvalis regionis gamoyofa metad saSiSia TviTon ruseTisaT-

vis. es miscems biZgs Tqvens qveyanaSic separatizmis ganviTarebas da

momavalSi Tqven gacilebiT meti problemebi geqnebaT, vidre es dRes

saqarTveloSia. amaze Rirs dafiqreba.

im dros, roca ukve daiRvara osebis, rusebis, qarTvelebis sisx-

li, Cven Soris viTarebis kidev ufro gamwvaveba dauSvebelia. du-

mis dadgenileba yovelgvar samarTlebriv safuZvels moklebuli

gadawyvetilebaa da Cvenive qveynebis keTildReobisTvis gTxovT, igi

ar daakanonoT~.

samwuxarod, 2008 wlis 26 agvistos ruseTis xelisuflebam

samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis damoukidebloba cno. saqarTvelos

teritoriuli mTlianobis darRvevis faqts qarTveli xalxi, saqar-

Tvelos saxelmwifos mosaxleoba arasdros Seurigdeba.

185

roin metreveli, sergo vardosaniZeroin metreveli, sergo vardosaniZe

megobroba gzad da xidad.megobroba gzad da xidad.

ilia II-is vizitebi sazRvargareTilia II-is vizitebi sazRvargareT

2007 wlis 1 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqu-

lo eklesiis delegacia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskopo-

sis, ilia II-is meTaurobiT moskovSi gaemgzavra. mis uwmidesobas

Tan axldnen mravalricxovani oficialuri da araoficialuri

pirebi: saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis

wevrebi, sasuliero pirebi, mecnierebis, kulturis, xelovnebis

TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi.

oficialur delegaciaSi iyvnen: axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da

lazeTis mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe), zugdidisa da caiSis mTava-

repiskoposi gerasime (SaraSeniZe), saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnu-

li akademiis prezidenti Tamaz gamyreliZe, ,,marTlmadidebluri

enciklopediis~ saqarTvelos warmomadgenlobis xelmZRvaneli aka-

demikosi roin metrveli, arqimandriti daviT (WinWarauli), Tbilisis

sasuliero akademiis da seminariis proreqtori dekanozi giorgi

(zviadaZe), arqidiakoni demetre (daviTaSvili), qarTuli telemauw-

yebloba ,,iveria~-s xelmZRvaneli giorgi andriaZe, ,,marTlmadide-

bluri enciklopediis~ koordinatori erekle Jordania, saxelmwifo

ministri integraciis sakiTxebSi zinaida bestaeva.

araoficialur delegaciaSi iyvnen: xonisa da samtrediis mTava-

repiskoposi saba (gigiberia), vanisa da baRdaTis mTavarepiskoposi

anton (buluxia), dekanozi miqael (botkoveli), dekanozi zaqaria

(maCitaZe), dekanozi basili (kikvaZe), monazonni: aleqsandra, elene,

mariami, qeTevani, kinoreJisorebi: eldar Sengelaia, rezo CxeiZe, msax-

iobi gogi xarabaZe; saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivani

Sorena TeTruaSvili, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos religiaTaSoris

186

urTierTobis koordinatori lela jejelava, Tbilisis sasuliero

akademiisa da seminariis saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamge pro-

fesoris sergo vardosaniZe, profesori nestan (elisabed) kirTaZe,

sapatriarqos gamomcemlobis TanamSromeli irina abulaZe, pianisti

valerian SiukaSvili, momRerali Tamar WoxoneliZe, samebis sakaT-

edro taZris mgalobelTa gundi.

specialuri reisi moskovis droiT 11 saaTsa da 30 wuTze

domodedovos aeroportSi daeSva. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis delegacias moskovis aeroportSi daxvdnen: kalugisa da

borovskis mitropoliti klimenti, istrinis mTavarepiskoposi arse-

ni, egorevskis episkoposi marki, ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~

mTavari redaqtori profesori sergei kraveci, dekanozi aleqsandre

abramovi, saqarTvelos sruluflebiani elCi ruseTis federaciaSi

irakli CubiniSvili, saelCos TanamSromlebi.

oficialuri delegaciis wverebi dabinavdnen sasturo ,,dani-

lovskaiaSi~, araoficialuri delegacia – sastumro ,,akademiCeskaia-

Si~. mcire dasvenebis Semdeg sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad

estumra saqarTvelos saelCos, esaubra saelCos TanamSromlebs.

uwmidesma da unetaresma daloca isini da aRniSna, im urTules vi-

TarebaSi, romelic dRes ruseTisa da saqarTvelos saxelmwifoTa

Soris arsebobs, saqarTvelos saelCo yvelafers akeTebs Tavisi Ta-

namemamuleebis interesebis dasacavad. saqarTvelos elCma ruseTis

federaciaSi irakli CubiniSvilma didi mowiweba da madliereba

gamoxata misi uwmidesobis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis, ilia II-is mimarT da gamoTqva imedi, rom aRniSnuli viziti

pozitiur Sedegs gamoiRebda Cveni qveynebis urTierTobaSi.

2 marts moskovSi dilidanve baraqianad Tovda, cioda, magram

amas xeli ar SeuSlia mravalricxovani qarTuli diasporisaTvis

Sekrebiliyo ,,balSaia gruzinskaiaze~ mdebare wmida giorgis ekle-

siaSi, siyvaruliTa da imediT Sexvedrodnen sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqs, uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s, wmida sino-

187

dis wevrebs, saqarTvelodan Casul stumrebs. wm. giorgis eklesiaSi

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs da mis Tanmxleb pirebs daxvda

qarTveli moZRvari mama maqsime (Wanturia). taZarSi galobda wm.

samebis vaJTa gundi. uwmidesma da unetaresma daloca mrevli da

mouwoda maT, SeenarCunebinaT sulieri simtkice da samSoblos siy-

varuli ... Tqven gelodebaT Tqveni samSoblo _ am sityvebiiT daam-

Tavra Tavisi gamosvla misma uwmidesobam.

imave dRes sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmide-

si da unetaresi ilia II oficialuri delegaciis wevrebiTan erTad

sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi Sexvda moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis

patriarq, uwmides aleqsi II-s.

188

moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis,moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis,

uwmidesi aleqsi II-is sityva sruliaduwmidesi aleqsi II-is sityva sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan,saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan,

uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-sTan Sexvedrazeuwmidessa da unetares ilia II-sTan Sexvedraze

guliTadad mogesalmebiT Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav,

mivesalmebi Tqvens Rirseul Tanamgzavrebs wmida Tavadi danielis

uZvelesi monastris keldebSi.

moxarulni varT, miviRoT moZme saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis winamZRvari, romelTanac erTmorwmune ruseTs amdeni saer-

To aqvs: saukunovani kulturuli kavSirebi, sulieri siaxlove da

xalxTa urTierTobebi, istoriuli gzebis gaerTianeba mravali wlis

manZilze.

siamovnebiT aRvniSnavT, rom Cemi da Tqveni urTierToba, romel-

ic iTvlis mraval wels, axlac sakmaod intensiuri da guliTadia.

gasuli wlis ivlisSi Cven SevxvdiT msoflio religur liderTa

samitze moskovSi. Cveni Sexvedrisas davrwmundiT imaSi, rom Cven

varT Tanamoazreni im sakiTxebSi, romlebic aRelvebs Tanamderove

kacobriobas.

Tqvenma amJamindelma vizitma saSualeba mogvca, kvlav Sevx-

vedrodiT erTmaneTs da gvesaubra ara werilebis saSualebiT, aramed

,,pirispir~ (III, ioan.14). gansakuTrebiT sasixaruloa, rom amjerad

Cven saSualeba gveqneba erTad CavataroT saRvTo liturgia uflis

madliT aRdgenil da Tqvenive monawileobiT nakurTx qriste-macx-

ovris taZarSi. swored erToblivi liturgia, rodesac Cven erTi

bagiT da guliT vadidebT ufals, gamoxatavs Cvens srul erTianobas

ufalSi da yvelaze metad gvaerTianebs.

gvsurs, rom rwmenaSi erTianoba gavrceldes Cveni xalxebis

urTierTobis yvela sferoSi. Cven mudam vloculobT amisTvis. dar-

wmunebuli varT, swored es surT Cveni eklesiebis erTgul Svilebs.

Mmiuxedavad politikuri viTarebis cvalebadobisa, rac, isaxeba saqa-

rTvelosa da ruseTis saxelmwifoTa Soris urTierTobaSi, niSan-

189

doblivia is, rom, RvTis wyalobiT, tradiciuli mWidro kavSirebi

Cvens eklesiebs, maT winamZRvrebs, msaxurebsa da morwmuneebs Soris

rCeba Tbili da megobruli.

Cven did mniSvnelobas vaniWebT samSvidobo moRvaweobas, romelic

TviT qristem daakisra eklesias. viciT, Tu ramdenad didia marTlma-

didebeli eklesiis da piradad Tqveni uwmidesobis avtoriteti qar-

Tul sazogadoebaSi, rac yovelgvar politikur uTanxmoebaze maRla

dgas, msgavsad samebis didebuli sakaTedro taZris gumbaTze aRmar-

Tuli cxovelmyofeli jvrisa. eklesiis dadebiTi, gamamTlianebeli

funqciis gaZliereba, rasac xalxisTvis sulieri aRorZineba moaqvs,

_ ai, ras efuZvneba Cveni imedi saqarTvelos momavali keTildReobisa,

misi sazogadoebrivi Zalebis SeTanxmebisa da Cveni xalxebis mudmivi,

uryevi megobrobisa.

Tqveni uwmidesobis axlandeli viziti dakavSirebuli

qriste-macxovris taZarSi ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ XII

tomis prezentaciasTan, romelSic Sesulia uamravi statia ruseTisa

da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb. es

aris rusi da qarTveli mecnierebis erToblivi muSaobis udide-

si Sedegi. is daexmareba mkiTxvels, gecnos saqarTvelos uZvelesi

eklesiebis istorias da Seityos bevri ram qarTveli xalxis cx-

ovrebis Sesaxeb. Cven vafasebT rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve ruseTSi

mcxovreb qarTuli sazogadoebis Rvawls Cveni erToblivi sulieri

memkvidreobis SenarCunebaSi, romelic aaxloebs Cvens erTmorwmune

xalxebs. sasixaruloa isic, rom TqvenTan erTad aq imyofebian qar-

Tuli mecnierebisa da kulturis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi.

2002 wels Cven gadmogvces saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa da mis

sazRvrebs gareT mcxovreb qarTvelTa mimarTva simbolurad mili-

oni xelmoweriT, romelic mimarTuli iyo ori qveynis xelmZRvan-

elobisadmi da mouwodebda ,,Zmuri, keTilmezobluri urTierTobis

aRdgenisaken or erTmorwmune xalxs Soris~. am moZraobaSi, saxel-

wodebiT ,,ruseTi _ Cemi mezobeli~, monawileoba miiRes zurab wer-

eTelma, giorgi daneliam, zurab sotkilavam, nani bregvaZem. maSin me

190

vTqvi, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesia mTavari SemaerTebeli rgolia

Cven Soris, Tanac Sevaxsene, rom politikosebma unda gaiTvaliswinon

xalxis neba. am sityvebs dResac vimeoreb.

yvelaze rTul drosac ki, rodesac, bolodroindeli politi-

kuri dapirispirebis msgavsad, advili ar iyo ruseTis vizis miReba,

vcdilobdiT yvelaferi gagvekeTebina, rac Cvenzea damokidebuli.

ianvarSi moskovs ewvia axalqalaqisa da kumurdos mitropoliti

nikolozi, romelic warmatebiT gamovida XV saerTaSoriso saSobao

saganmanaTleblo sakiTxavze, agreTve wmida tixonis humanitaruli

universitetis yovelwliur konferenciaze, sadac meufe emzadeba

disertaciis dasacavad.

Cven vcdilobT, uzrunvelyoT ruseTSi mravalricxovani qarTu-

li diasporisaTvis sulieri sazrdo da RvTismsaxureba mSobliur

enaze. vimedovnebT, rom Tqven amas mixvdiT, rodesac brZandebodiT

dRes wmida didmowame giorgis taZarSi ,,gruziniSi~. im taZrebTan

erTad, sadac mimdinareobs RvTismsaxureba qarTul enaze, msgavsi

taZris gaxsna igegmeba voroneJSic. Cven Soris mcxovrebi marTlma-

didebeli qarTvelebi Cveni uaxloesi Zmebia. bevr maTgans Rirseuli,

mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs Cveni qveynis cxovrebaSi.

2 marts moskovis macxovris saxelobis taZris sxdomaTa dar-

bazSi gaimarTa ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ me-13 tomis

prezentacia. enciklopediis am tomSi vrceli monakveTi eTmoba

saqarTvelos istorias, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

avtokefaliuri eklesiis istorias. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg es pirveli rusulenovani wignia,

romelic cnobili qarTveli istorikosebis monawileobiT uwmide-

sisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq-

is meTvalyureobiT Seiqmna. prezentacias uZRveboda moskovisa da

sruliad ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi aleqsi II.

,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ me-13 tomis prezentacias

eswrebodnen: sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II, axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da lazeTis mit-

191

ropoliti Teodore, zugdidisa da caiSis mTavarepiskoposi gerasime,

xonisa da samtrediis mTavarepiskoposi saba, baRdaTisa da vanis

mTavarepiskoposi antoni, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da semi-

nariis proreqtori dekanozi giorgi (zviadaZe), arqimandriti da-

viTi (WinWarauli), dekanozi miqael (botkoveli), arqidiakoni deme-

tre (daviTaSvili), saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis

prezidenti Tamaz gamyreliZe, akademikosi roin metreveli, saqarTve-

los telestudia ,,iveriis~ xelmZRvaneli giorgi andriaZe, ,,marTl-

madidebluri enciklopediis~ koordinatori saqarTveloSi docen-

ti erekle Jordania, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariis

saqarTvelos istoris kaTedris gamge profesori sergo vardosaniZe,

kinoreJisorebi: rezo CxeiZe, eldar Sengelaia, mixeil Wiaureli (um-

crosi), msaxiobi gogi xarabaZe, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

mdivani Sorena TeTruaSvili, profesori nestan (elisabed) kirTaZe;

moskovis qarTuli diasporas warmomadgenlebi, moskovis wm. giorgis

eklesiis RvTismsaxuri dekanozi maqsime (Wanturia).

prezentaciaze ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesias warmoadgend-

nen: krutickisa da kolomenskis mitropoliti iuvenali, samolenski-

sa da kaliningradis mitropoliti kirili, kalugisa da borovskis

mitropoliti klimenti, tixvinis mTavarepiskoposi konstantini, eo-

grevskis episkoposi marki, ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ mTa-

vari redaqtori sergei kraveci.

prezentacias daeswrnen: ruseTis saxelmwifo dumis vice-spikeri

l.k. sliska, ruseTis federacias sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile a.

p. torSini, moskovis meri i. m. luJkovi, ruseTis kulturis minis-

tri a. s. sokolovi, ruseTis samrewvelo-savaWro palatis preziden-

ti e.m. primakovi, ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis vice-prezidenti

profesori a. d. nekipelovi, marTlmadidebel xalxTa saerTaSoriso

fondis prezidenti v. a. aleqseevi, ruseTis mecnierebis, kulturis

TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi, presis, televiziis warmomadgenlebi.

prezentaciaze sityvebi warmoTqves moskovisa da sruliad

ruseTis patriarqma aleqsi II-m, sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqma

192

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m, prof. sergei kravecma, akademikos-

ma Tamaz gamyreliZem, moskovis merma iuri luJkovma, akademikosma

aleqsandre nekipelovma, akademikosma evgeni primakovma.

193

moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis,

uwmidesi aleqsi II-is gamosvlauwmidesi aleqsi II-is gamosvla

Tqveno uwmidesobav!

Rrmad pativcemulo mzrunvelTa sabWos Tavmjdomare iuri mix-

eilisZev!

yovladsamRvdelono, mRvdelmTavarno, sazedamxedvelo, mzrunvel-

Ta, sazogadoebrivi, samecniero sabWoebisa da ,,marTlmadidebluri

enciklopediis~ gamocemis saqvelmoqmedo asociaciis pativcemulo

wevrebo! pativcemulo stumrebo! dano da Zmano!

dRes SevikribeT ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ morigi

XIII anbanuri tomis sazeimo wardgenaze. es fundamenturi gamoce-

ma xorcieldeba ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier da yve-

la adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis, sasuliero da sae-

ro mecnierTa TanadgomiT, ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiasTan, Cveni

qveynisa da sazRvargareTis wamyvan samecniero, saganmanaTleblo da

kulturul centrebTan saqmiani TanamSromlobiT.

es unikaluri samecniero-saganmanaTleblo proeqti Cafiqrebu-

li iyo jer kidev 10 wlis win da qristeSobidan 2000 welTan

dakavSirebiT gamovida Cveni ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ I

tomi. dRes ki ukve warmovadgenT XIII anbanur toms da saerTo jam-

Si gamocemis 14 toms.

am xnis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibda Zlieri da mravalmxrivi

saavtoro koleqtivi, gaZlierda samecniero redaqciebi, xolo

Cven mier 10 wlis win Seqmnili saeklesio-samecniero centri

,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopedia~ Camoyalibda rogorc erT-er-

Ti yvelaze avtoritetuli samecniero-saganmanaTleblo dawese-

buleba ara marto saeklesio, aramed Cveni qyveynis saero mecniere-

basa da kulturaSi.

saeklesio-samecniero centrma gaaerTiana moskovisa da sanqt-pe-

terburgis, niJni-novgorodisa da yazanis, ekaterinburgisa da no-

vosibirskis mecnierebi. sakmarisia imis Tqma, rom amJamad moqmedebs

194

saeklesio-samecniero centris ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~

10-ze meti warmomadgenloba rogorc Cvens qveyanaSi, aseve sazRvar-

gareTis mraval qveynebSi: ukrainasa da belorusiaSi, saqarTvelosa

da bulgareTSi, saberZneTsa da italiaSi, poloneTsa da serbeTSi.

swored aman mogvca SarSan saSualeba dagvesaxa Zalian rTuli,

magram, rogorc aRmoCnda, sruliad Sesrulebadi amocana _ gadav-

suliyaviT weliwadSi ori tomis gamocemidan sami tomis gamocemaze.

dRes Cven warmovadgenT mecamete toms.

saeklesio-samecniero centris _ ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklo-

pediis~ mTavar amocanas warmoadgens mravaltomiani fundamenturi

enciklopediis samecniero momzadeba da gamocema, magram ,,marTlma-

didebluri enciklopediis” mier dReisaTvis dagrovili inteleqtu-

aluri da organizatoruli potenciali, misi samecniero avtoriteti

gvaZlevs saeklesio-samecniero centris moRvaweobis mniSvnelovani

gafarToebis saSualebas.

5 wlis win daiwyo yovelkvireuli satelevizio programa

,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopedia~, Seiqmna erT-erTi yvelaze

avtoritetuli internet-portali ,,www.sedmica.ru”, daiwyo Rrma samecniero kvlevebi hagiografiis, XX saukunis rusuli marTlmadide-

beli eklesiis istoriis sferoSi. 2004 wels saeklesio-samecniero

centris bazaze Seiqmna XX saukunis rusuli marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis istoriis specialuri arqivi, sadac igzavneboda Cveni is-

toriis amsaxveli bevri unikaluri dokumenti.

saeklesio-samecniero centrma ,,marTlmadideblurma enciklo-

pediam~ ruseTis federaciis saxelmwifo arqivTan TanamSromlobiT

daiwyo muSaoba im saeklesio masalebis dawvrilebiT dasabuTebul

aRweraze, romlebic daculia saxlemwifo arqivSi. es muSaoba srul-

deba da male gveqneba am dokumentebis monacemebis Tanamedrove ele-

qtronuli banki.

2005 wels samecniero-saeklesio centr ,,marTlmadideblur en-

ciklopediasTan~ iqmneba kinowarmoebis msxvili centri, romelic

ruseTis centraluri arxebisaTvis qmnis yovelwliurad ramdenime

195

films. farTo aRiarebasa da kinokritikosTa maRal Sefasebas imsax-

ureben iseTi filmebi, rogoricaa: 10-seriani filmi ruseTis marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis Sesaxeb ,,miwieri da zeciuri~, 5-seriani filmi

pirvel qristianTa istoriis Sesaxeb, momlocveloba ,,maradiul qa-

laqSi~, filmebi ,,wmida giorgi~, ,,SfoTiani dro~, ,,jvari svastikis

winaaRmdeg~, ,,stalini da mesame romi~, ,,ruseTis eklesiis angelozi

xalxTa mamis winaaRmdeg~ da mravali sxva.

2006 wlidan saeklesio-samecniero centrma Cveni kurTxeviT

daiwyo yovelkvartluri samecneero Jurnalis _ ,,eklesiis istori-

is cnobaris~ gamocema, romelic am wlidan ukve miewodeba ruseTis

yvela msxvil samecniero da saganmanaTleblo biblioTekas.

centris mravalmxrivi moRvaweoba xorcieldeba ara marto

mecnierebis, RvTismetyvelebis, istorikosebis, xelovnebaTmcodnee-

bis, musikaTmcodneebis, mxareTmcodneebis TanamSromlobis wyalo-

biT, aramed im sayovelTao mxardaWeris wyalobiTac, romelic

Cvenma unikalurma proeqtma miiRo federalur saministroebsa da

saagentoebSi, moskovis mTavrobaSi, vologdis, irkutskis, moskovis,

murmanskis, samaris olqebis xelmZRvanelobebSi. is xorcieldeba

iseTi safinanso-samrewvelo jgufebis mxardaWeriT, rogorebicaa:

,,gazmrewvi~, ,,Semsalaro~, ,,moskovis banki~, ,,gazmrewvbanki~, ,,saba-

zo elementi~ da sxva.

minda xazi gavusva im rols, romelic am proeqtis mxardaWer-

aSi, mis CamoyalibebaSi Seasrula ruseTis federaciis prezidentma

vladimer vladimeris Ze putinma. jer kidev ruseTis federaciis

prezidentis adminisraciis erT-erT xelmZRvanelad yofnisas man

bevri gaakeTa imisaTvis, rom am proeqts xorci Sesxmoda, SemdgomSi

ki, ruseTis federaciis prezidentobisas, gaagrZela masze zrunva.

unda aRiniSnos, rom ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ ga-

mocemas win uZRoda rTuli samuSao, romelic ganaxorciela mitro-

politma makarim (bulgakovma) samecniero gamocema ,,marTlmadide-

blur enciklopediaSi~ da Seqmna mravaltomiani ,,ruseTis eklesiis

istoria~. maSin am gamocemas erqva spaso-preobraJenskis varlaamis

196

monastris gamocema. swored maSin, moskovis 850 welTan dakavSire-

biT, rodesac moskovis mTavrobis mxardaWeriT dasrulda ,,rusuli

eklesiis istoriis~ gamocema, Cven iuri luJkovTan erTad miviReT

gadawyvetileba saeklesio-samecniero centris _ ,,marTlmadideblu-

ri enciklopediis~ Seqmnis Sesaxeb.

am saqmeSi udidesi wvlili miuZRvis Cvens sazogadoebriv

sabWos, romelmac gaaerTiana cnobili Tanamedrove politikuri da

sazogadoebrivi moRvaweebi, mecnierebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis

moRvaweebi. 2001 wels ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ ga-

mocemasTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoebrivi sabWos Seqmna 4 wlis win,

ruseTis federaciis federaluri sakrebulos saxelmwifo dumis

Tavmjdomaris, boris grizlovis gadawyvetilebam uxelmZRvanelos

am sabWos ganamtkica am gamocemis avtoriteti da xeli Seuwyo misi

saganmanaTleblo moRvaweobis gafarToebas.

Cven dRes warmovadgenT ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis”

gansakuTrebul toms, Cvens samuSao procesSi albaT yvelaze rTuls.

es tomi iwyeba vrceli da rTuli statiiT grigol palamas Sesaxeb,

did mamaze da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis maswavlebelze. tomSi Se-

sulia mniSvnelovani statiebi iseT sulier moZRvrebze, rogorebic

arian grigol sineli da grigol saswaulmoqmedi, vrceli statia

uflis saflavis taZarsa da daviT winaswarmetyvelze, humanizmis

qristianul gagebaze da daRestnis religiuri istoriis Sesaxeb.

tomSi centraluri adgili uWiravs statiebis bloks, romel-

ic eZRvneba qristianobis istorias saqarTveloSi da saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesias. vfiqrob, rom pirvelad rusul enaze ga-

modis saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriisa da Tanamedrove cxovrebis,

misi taZrebisa da siwmindeebis, misi monastrebisa da saeklesio-is-

toriuli moRvaweebis aseTi vrceli da mravalmxrivi samecniero

aRwera. statiebze muSaoba mimdinareobda araerTi weli, masSi monaw-

ileobas iRebda aTeulobiT adamiani rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve

ruseTSi. ar davmalav, rom iyo sirTuleebi, dakavSirebuli sxva-

dasxva istoriul midgomasTan da garkveul politikur gavlenasTan.

197

magram Cveni saerTo swrafva WeSmaritebisaken da Cveni eklesiebis

Zmuri TanamSromloba gaxda sawindari nayofieri da warmatebuli

muSaobisaTvis.

mTeli guliT madlobas vuxdi mis uwmidesobas, uwmidessa da un-

etares ilias, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs im didi

TanadgomisaTvis, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma eklesi-

am, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulma akademiam, misma samecniero

da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebma gauwies saeklesio-samecniero

centrs. msurs mis uwmidesobas gadavce sertifikati ,,marTlma-

didebluri enciklopediis~ yvela gamocemul da gamosacem tomze,

agreTve samecniero centris mier Seqmnili kinofilmebis koleqcia.

tradiciulad prezentaciebze Cven vasaxelebT ,,marTlmadidebluri

enciklopediis~ yvelaze aqtiur avtorebs, mis Tanamdgomebs da kino-

telekompania ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ TanamSromlebs.

kidev erTxel madlobas vuxdi uwmidessa da unetares ili-

as, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs da saqarTvelos

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis prezidents Tamaz gamyreliZes.

moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis uwmidesma patriarqma aleq-moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis uwmidesma patriarqma aleq-

si II-m gadasca sertifikatebi ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ si II-m gadasca sertifikatebi ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~

srul gamocemaze uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-s _ sruliad srul gamocemaze uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-s _ sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsa da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsa da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa

erovnuli akademiis prezidents Tamaz gamyreliZes.erovnuli akademiis prezidents Tamaz gamyreliZes.

198

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is gamosvlauwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is gamosvla

Tqveno uwmidesobav aleqsi II, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis

patriarqo, uwmideso mwyemsmTavrebo, qalbatonebo da batonebo!@

guliTadad mogesalmebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siis da moskovSi Camosuli Cveni delegaciis saxeliT.

Cven CamovediT friad sapasuxismgeblo dros, rodesac ruse-

Tisa da saqarTvelos politikur moRvaweTa Soris urTierTobebi

sagrZnoblad garTulda. unda aRiniSnos, rom miuxedavad amisa, Cvenma

marTlmadidebelma eklesiebma da xalxma SeinarCunes Zmuri urTier-

Tobebi da keTili grZnobebi erTmaneTis mimarT. vimedovnebiT, rom

urTierTobebi Cvens saxelmwifoebsa da xelmZRvanelebs Soris uax-

loes momavalSi gaumjobesdeba da mivxvdebiT, rom mezobel saxelm-

wifoebs Soris urTierTobebi unda iyos stabiluri da megobruli.

Cven erTmaneTs vWirdebiT. arsebobs SesaniSnavi brZnuli gamonaTqvami:

diliT amomaval mzeze adre xedav mezobels. saqarTvelos sWirdeba

erTiani megobruli ruseTi. Cven Zlier vafasebT Tqvens kultur-

as, poezias, literaturas, rusul filosofias. Cveni xalxi pativs

scems gmir rus xalxs. me TviT davwrmundi amaSi, rodesac Cveni

Rirsi da RmerTSemosili mamis, saswaulmoqmedi sergi radoneJelis

safarvelqveS rva weli gavatare moskovis sasuliero akademiisa

da seminariis kedlebSi. darwmunebuli var imaSic, rom ruseTsac

sWirdeba erTiani da megobruli saqarTvelo. es daZabuloba, rome-

lic warmoiSva am bolo dros Cvens saxelmwifoebs Soris, CvenTvis

arabunebrivia da ziani moaqvs orive mxarisTvis.

vimedovnebT, rom Cveni viziti xels Seuwyobs daZabulobis mox-

snas Cvens saxelmwifoebs Soris da daiwyeba axali etapi ruseTsa

da saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobis ganviTarebaSi.

ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier ,,marTlmadidebluri

enciklopediis~ gamocemis faqti aris Cveni drois udidesi movlena.

man gaaerTiana mTeli marTlmadidebluri samyaro samecniero ZiebebSi

199

da saSualeba misca mTeli msoflios marTlmadidebel mecnierebs, ga-

moeTqvaT Tavisi mosazreba im rTuli movlenebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac

adgili hqonda adgilobrivi eklesiebis mravalsaukunovani istori-

is manZilze. am gamocemiT rusulma marTlmadidebelma eklesiam aRm-

arTa xidebi Cvens eklesiebs, xalxsa da saxelmwifoebs Soris. Cvenma

eklesiebma ganvles istoriuli Camoyalibebis, sulieri srulyofisa

da nacionaluri TviTSegnebis sruli gza. Cvens istoriaSi araerTi

TeTri laqaa, romlebic Cvens mecnierebs unda gamoekvliaT, raTa ua-

mrav kiTxvaze gaecaT saTanado da obieqturi pasuxi.

sasiamovnoa is faqti, rom qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

mraval Temaze muSaobdnen gamoCenili qarTveli da rusi mecnierebi,

romlebic sworad da obieqturad aSuqebdnen dasmul sakiTxebs da

cdilobdnen, mudmiv kontaqtSi yofiliyvnen Cveni eklesiebis xe-

lmZRvanelobasTan da ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ samecnie-

ro-saredaqcio sabWosTan. enciklopedia xSirad exeboda sakiTx-

ebs, romlebsac sxvadasxva eklesia sxvadasxvanairad ganmartavda. am

SemTxvevaSi Cveni mecnierebi atarebdnen saTanado konsultaciebs

redaqciis pasuxismgebel TanamSromlebTan.

,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopedia~ imdenad mniSvnelovani da

aucilebelia, rom darwmunebuli var, axlo momavalSi saWiro gaxde-

ba misi axali gamocema da maSin Cven gveqneba saSualeba davxvewoT

is uzustobebi, romlebic gvxvdeba pirvel gamocemaSi.

kidev erTxel madlobas vuxdi mis uwmidesobas moskovSi mowve-

visaTvis da Zmuri maspinZlobisaTvis. imeds gamovTqvam, rom wels

Sedgeba Tqveni sapasuxo viziti saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelo didi

sixaruliTa da siyvaruliT elodeba Tqven CamobrZanebas, Tqveno

uwmidesobav.

Tqven iyaviT da xarT ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ ga-

mocemis brwyinvale ideis sulisCamdgmeli. mravalJamier Tqven! gi-

survebT didxans sicocxles rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa

da wmida marTlmadideblobis sakeTildReod.

200

mzrunvelTa sabWos Tavmdomaris, moskovis meris,mzrunvelTa sabWos Tavmdomaris, moskovis meris,

iuri luJkovis misasalmebeli sityvaiuri luJkovis misasalmebeli sityva

Tqveno uwmidesobav! Rrmadpativcemulo rusuli da qarTuli

eklesiebis mRvdelmTavrebo da moZRvrebo, dano da Zmano, qalbatone-

bo da batonebo!

CemTvis didi pativia monawileobis miReba ,,marTlmadidebluri

enciklopediis~ XIII tomis am uCveulo, SeiZleba iTqvas, istoriul

ptezentaciaSi.

dRes Cven aRvniSnavT ramdenime mniSvnelovan movlenas, rom-

lebic Tan axlavs ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ gamocemaze

muSaobas. Cven vqmniT yvelaze masStabur religiur enciklopedias,

rogoric ki odesme Seqmnila. vfiqrob, rom ,,marTlmadidebluri

enciklopediis~ gamocemis sazedamxedvelo, mzrunvelTa da sazoga-

doebrivi sabWoebis yvela wevrisaTvis misi uwmidesobisaTvis dax-

mareba sapatio da sasiamovnoa. CvenTvis marTlac didi pativia am

muSaobaSi monawileoba da misi keTilsindisierad Sesruleba.

Cven ukve aTi welia vmuSaobT. am aTwleuls ukvalod ar Cau-

vlia. axali ideebis Zlieri mdinare Seerwya azrTa, istoriuli

faqtebis, samecniero problemebis, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis isto-

riasa da momavalze fiqris okeanes. enciklopediaze muSaobam saoc-

ari ZaliT gaaerTiana Tavis garSemo uamravi xalxi.

Tavdapirvelad, rodesac xdeboda ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklo-

pediis~ organizebuli formireba da inteleqtualuri safuZvlis

mxardaWera, Cven vafasebdiT im mniSvnelobas, romelic axla ukve

SeiZina am grandiozulma samuSaom. man gaaerTiana marTlmadidebe-

li xalxi, marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa erTianoba ufro gaZlierda

am samuSaos realizebis dros. ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopedia~

_ es aris yvela qveynis marTlmadideblobis enciklopedia, sadac

is warmoadgens nacionaluri kulturis formirebis safuZvels an

arsebobs rogorc sazogadoebis seriozuli konfesionaluri Semad-

geneli nawili. enciklopediis gamaerTianebeli mniSvneoba, rogorc

201

mniSvelovani faqtori, warmoqmnili am udidesi naSromis arsidan,

vfiqrob, momavalSi ufro gaZlierdeba.

XIII tomis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi _ statiebi, miZRvnili marTlma-

dideblobisadmi saqarTveloSi: qarTuli eklesiis warmoqmna, Camoy-

alibeba da ganviTareba, qarTuli RvTismetyveleba, msaxurebis Ta-

viseburebebi, saeklesio xelovneba, mSenebloba, musika, xatwera da

saxalxo wes-Cveulebebi. CvenTvis Zalian sasiamovnoa im siRrmisa da

masStaburobis aRniSvna, romlebic marTlmadideblobam saukuneebis

manZilze SeiZina qarTvel xalxSi.

Zalze mniSvnelovania dRes amis aRniSvna, rodesac ruseTsa da

saqarTvelos politikur urTierTobebSi gaCnda problemebi, magram

ara or Zmur eklesias Soris da ara ruseTsa da saqarTvelos xalxs

Soris.

muSaoba XIII tomis statiebze, romlebic mieZRvna qarTul marTl-

madideblobas, warmoebda rus da qarTvel mecnierTa erToblioba-

Si im didi surviliT orive mxridan, rom warmoadginon qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri tradicia mTeli Tavisi simdidriT. vfiqrob, Cve-

ni saerTo amocana mdgomareobs imaSi, rom gavfantoT Rrublebi, war-

moqmnili Cvens Tavze, romlebic adre arasodes Crdilavdnen Cveni

xalxis Zmur urTierTobebs.

202

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulisaqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli

akademiis prezidentis Tamaz gamyreliZisakademiis prezidentis Tamaz gamyreliZis

sityvasityva

Tqveno uwmindesobav _ moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis

patriarqo!

Tqveno uwmindesobav _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqo!

Zvirfaso qalbatonebo da batonebo!

me gamovdivar aq saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis

saxeliT, agreTve rogorc ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademiko-

si. mogexsenebaT, Cveni akademiebis warmomadgenlebma didi wvlili

Seitanes rusuli ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ XII tomis

SeqmnaSi, romlis prezentacia dRes aq xdeba da romlis udidesi naw-

ili eZRvneba saqarTvelos istoriisa da kulturis aRweras, agreTve

qristianobis gavrcelebisa da ganviTarebis istorias saqarTveloSi.

cnobilia, rom qristianoba saqarTveloSi vrceldeba Cveni wel-

TaRricxvis pirvel saukuneebSi da oficialur religiad cxaddeba

meoTxe saukunis dasawyisSi; amave periods ganekuTvneba wmida wer-

ilis pirveli Targmanebi qarTul enaze, Sesrulebuli originaluri

qarTuli damwerlobiT.

aRmosavluri qristianuli samyaro imiT gansxvavdeba dasavluris-

gan, rom aRmosavlur samyaroSi saRvTo wignebi imTaviTve iTargmnebo-

da adgilobriv erovnul enebze, maSin rodesac dasavlur qristianul

samyaroSi romis kaTolikuri eklesia krZalavda msgavs Targmanebs.

qadageba da liturgia aq sruldeboda mxolod laTinurad. swored

amiT aixsneba is, rom dasavlur samyaroSi adreqristianul epoqaSi

ar Seqmnila nacionaluri damwerlobebi da literaturuli enebi

da mosaxleoba am arealSi ar Camoyalibebula am uZveles periodSi

calkeul erovnul erTeulebad; mxolod XV-XVI saukuneebSi iqmne-

ba bibliis martin luTeriseuli germanuli Targmanebi da bibliis

203

am Targmans germanul enaze goeTe miiCnevda germanelTa, rogorc

TviTmyofadi eris formirebis dasawyisad. amisgan gansxvavebiT, aRmo-

savlur qristianul samyaroSi bibliis Targmanebi Cndeba erovnul

enebze imTaviTve, ama Tu im xalxis moqcevisas, rac xels uwyobda maT

Camoyalibebas calkeul erebad sakuTari literaturuli eniTa da

originaluri damwerlobiT. ase moxda es uZveles epoqaSi saqarTve-

loSi, ase moxda es mogvianebiT slavur samyaroSi.

,,wm. mociqulTa sworis konstantine-kiriles cxovrebis~ aRw-

eraSi arsebobs cnobebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra kamaTi iyo am sakiTxis

irgvliv romis kaTolikur eklesiasa da qristianul slavur sam-

yaros Soris. konstantine-kirile ambobda, rom yovel xalxs aqvs

ufleba adidos ufali Tavis sakuTar enaze. im xalxebs Soris, vinc

ukve uZvelesi droidan sakuTar enaze loculobs da RmerTs saku-

Tar, erovnul enaze adidebs konstantine-kirile asaxelebs iberi-

elebs, anu qarTvelebs.

Cvens qristianul kulturebs Soris megobroba, dawyebuli jer

kidev adreqristianul xanaSi, ueWvelad unda gagrZeldes; unda aR-

vadginoT da ganvamtkicoT sulieri kavSiri da keTili urTierToba

Cvens xalxebsa da Cvens kulturebs Soris, romelic arsebobs uZve-

lesi droidan. darwmunebuli varT, rom es sulieri kavSirebi gagr-

Zeldeba kidev uTvalavi weli, aw da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde.

204

ruseTis federaciis savaWro-samrewveloruseTis federaciis savaWro-samrewvelo

palatis prezidentis evgeni primakovis gamosvlapalatis prezidentis evgeni primakovis gamosvla

,,marTlmadideblurienciklopediis~ ,,marTlmadideblurienciklopediis~

XIII anbanuri tomis prezentaciazeXIII anbanuri tomis prezentaciaze

Tqveno uwmidesobebo! moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis uwmideso

patriarqo! uwmideso da unetareso, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqo!

Tqveno yovladusamRvdeloesobebo!

dRevandeli Sexvedris Zvirfaso monawileebo!

Cveni drois mniSvnelovan movlenas warmoadgens ,,marTlmadide-

bluri enciklopediis~ gamoCena amqveynad.

Cvens daCqarebul teqnogenur saukuneSi ,,marTlmadidebluri en-

ciklopedia” gvaxsenebs kacobriobis udidesi sulieri simdidris,

misi kulturuli Rirebulebebis Sesaxeb, romelTa SenarCunebaSi

didi wvlili miuZRvis eklesias. civilizaciis veranairi monapovari

ver gagviyvans Cven progresis axal doneze sazogadoebis sulieri,

zneobrivi da kulturuli ganviTarebis gareSe.

,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ XIII tomis gamosvla or-

magad RisSesaniSnavia. misi ZiriTadi nawili Sedgeba masalebisgan

saqarTvelosa da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Sesaxeb. am

masalebis ganTavseba naTlad mowmobs imaze, rom ,,marTlmadidebluri

enciklopedia” mowodebulia Seasrulos mniSvnelovani gamaerTiane-

beli roli ruseTisaTvis, raTa Zmur kavSirSi gaaerTianos sxvadasx-

va xalxebi da pirvel rigSi isini, vinc airCia marTlmadidebloba

rogorc kompasi, romelic gviCvenebs mimarTulebas cxovrebaSi.

saqarTvelo uZvelesi istoriisa da kulturis qveyanaa, msof-

lios erT-erTi qristianuli saxelmwifoa, romelic yovelTvis

medgrad icavda marTlmadideblur swavlebas.

uZvelesi droidan qarTveli xalxi awarmoebda praqtikulad

ganuwyvetel brZolas dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg _ sparselebis, os-

malebis, xvarazmelebis, monRolebis da sxvebis, vinc qveynis dapy-

205

robasTan erTad cdilobda Tavisi sarwmunoebis damkvidrebasa da

qristianobis aRmofxvras.

erTmorwmune ruseTi gaxda megobari da damcveli dauZlurebu-

li saqarTvelosTvis.

qarTvelma xalxma udidesi roli Seitana marTlmadideblobis

dacvaSi. saqarTvelos istoriaSi aris uamravi magaliTi mowamebrivi

sikvdilisa, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqeebma qristes rwmenisTvis

miiRes.

istoria mowmobs, rom Cveni xalxebis urTierToba da TanamSrom-

loba sasikeToa orive mxarisTvis. qarTul kulturaSi, civilizaci-

aSi udidesi wvlili Seitana ruseTma, iseve rogorc saqarTvelom

rusul civilizaciasa da kulturaSi. Cemi azriT, marTebuli ar

unda iyos msjeloba, vin ufro metad da vin naklebad isargebla

ori xalxis mravalsaukunovani TanamegobrobiT. miT umetes, amiT

ar unda iyvnen dakavebulebi isini, vinc iTvlebian TavianTi qvey-

nis patriotebad. patrioti nacionalistisagan gansxvavdeba imiT,

rom uangarod Seyvarebuli Tavis samSobloze ar amtkicebs, rom is

ukeTesia sxvis samSobloze, romliTac samarTlianad amayobs sxva

adamiani, sxva xalxi.

ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebs axla ver vu-

wodebT saukeTesos, magram es warmavalia. im winaaRmdegobebs, rom-

lebic axla amotivtivdnen, Cveni urTierTobis istoriaSi aranairi

safuZveli ar gaaCniaT. es aris mTavari. magram ar SeiZleba zeda-

pirulad movekidoT imas, rac amZimebs urTierTobas Cvens qveynebs

Soris. vimedovneb, rom orive mxridan yvelaferi gakeTdeba imisaTvis,

rom gamovideT am arasaxarbielo mdgomareobidan.

vimedovneb, rom Cveni xalxebis Zmobisa da megobrobis diadi is-

toria xels Segviwyobs amaSi. unda gvaxsovdes istoriis gakveTile-

bi, xolo orientirad Cvens yoveldRiurobaSi unda iyos maradiuli

sulieri faseulobebi.

206

ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis

vice-prezidentisvice-prezidentis

a. d. nikipelovis sityvaa. d. nikipelovis sityva

Tqveno uwmidesobav, uwmideso aleqsi, moskovisa da sruliad

ruseTis patriarqo!

Tqveno uwmidesobav, uwmideso da unetareso ilia II, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqo!

Rrmadpativcemulo prezentaciis monawileebo!

pativcemulo kolegebo!

,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ Seqmnis pirvelive dRee-

bidan masSi monawileobas ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademia, moskovisa

da sankt-peterburgis saxelmwifo universitetebi, universitetebi

da akademiuri centrebi ekaterinburgSi, novosibirskSi da ruseTis

sxva qalaqebSi. asobiT Cveni mecnieri gaxda avtori da samecniero

recenzenti codnis am unikaluri krebulisa, Cveni wamyvani special-

istebi Sedian enciklopediis samecniero sabWoSi, kurirebas uweven

mTel monakveTebs istoriaSi, areologiaSi, xelovnebaTmcodneobaSi.

jer kidev 2000 wels Cveni TanamSromloba ,,marTlmadideblu-

ri enciklopediis~ SeqmnaSi dadasturebuli iyo xelSekrulebiT

ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiasa da ruseTis mecnierebaTa aka-

demias Soris, romelic xelmowerili iyo misi uwmidesobis, moskovi-

sa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis, uwmidesi aleqsisa da ruseTis

mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentis iuri osipovis mier. SarSan es

xelSekruleba gagrZelda kidev 5 wliT.

Cven Tavidanve naTlad da mkafiod warmogvedgina, rom ar ar-

sebobs aranairi gansakuTrebuli mecnieruli WeSmariteba da gansa-

kuTrebuli religiuri WeSmariteba. WeSmariteba erTia, ise rogorc

erTia Cveni samyaro. saxelmwifoSi aTeizmis damkvidrebis dros

xelovnurad warmoqmnili kedeli saeklesio da saero mecnierebas

Soris sruliad arabunebrivia da mas ziani moaqvs rogorc eklesi-

isTvis, ise mecnierebisTvis.

207

ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademias SesaZloa sxva samecniero dawe-

sebulebebze ukeT warmoedgina es. mis namdvil da sapatio wevrebs

Soris yovelTvis iyvnen gamoCenili saeklesio mecnierebi. sakmarisia

gavixsenoT cnobili istorikosi mitropoliti makari (bulgakovi),

ruseTis eklesiis istoriis avtori wm. filareti (drozdovi), mit-

ropoliti filareti (amfiTeatrovi) da antoni (vadkovski), nikanori

(klimentievski) da ioseb samaSko, arqiepiskoposebi filareti (gu-

milevski) da saba (tixomirovi), episkoposi evgeni (bolxovitinovi)

da ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sxva warmomadgenlebi. 2000

wels ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentma iuri osipovma

moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqs, uwmides aleqsis gadasca

ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio profesoris diplomi ekle-

siis istoriis sferoSi udidesi damsaxurebisaTvis.

erT-erTi damadasturebeli saeklesio da saero mecnierebis er-

Tobisa WeSmaritebis ZiebaSi aris moskovis mitropoliti makaris

(bulgakovis) sax. premiis aRdgena gamoCenili istoriuli Sromebi-

saTvis, romelic eniWeba ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis, ruse-

Tis mecnierebaTa akademiisa da moskovis mTavrobis mier.

,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~, rogorc Tanamedrove

samecniero enciklopediuri gamocemis Seqmnis dros, gamoyenebul

iqna ruseTis did enciklopediaze muSaobis gamocdileba, romelic

ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis egidiT gamodis. Cven didi kmayo-

filebiT aRvniSnavT am ori samecniero-enciklopediuri centris

TanamSromlobasa da urTierTdaxmarebas.

ruseTis did enciklopediaze muSaoba daiwyo 2002 wels ruse-

Tis federaciis prezidentis vladimer putinis gankargulebiT da

,,ruseTis didi enciklopediis” gamocemis samecniero-saredaqcio

sabWos Tavmjdomaris, ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentis

iuri osipovisa da pasuxismgebeli redaqtoris sergei kravecis

TaosnobiT. dRes mzad varT warmovadginoT ,,ruseTis didi enciklo-

pediis” eqvsi anbanuri tomi da calke tomi, miZRvnili ruseTisadmi.

ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis saxeliT msurs gadavce uwmides

208

aleqsis, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarq da uwmidessa

da unetares ilia II-s, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq

sertifikatebi ,,ruseTis didi enciklopediis~ srul gamocemaze.

a. nekipelovma gadasca sertifikatebi ruseTisa da saqarTvelos a. nekipelovma gadasca sertifikatebi ruseTisa da saqarTvelos

eklesiebis winamZRvrebs, agreTve saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnu-eklesiebis winamZRvrebs, agreTve saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnu-

li akademiis prezidents Tamaz gamyreliZes.li akademiis prezidents Tamaz gamyreliZes.

* * *

prezentaciis dasasrul sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m moskovisa da sruliad

ruseTis patriarq uwmides aleqsi II-s, ruseTis eklesiis sinodis

wevrebs, batonebs i. luJkovs, e. primakovs, s. kravecs, a. sokolovs, a.

nekipelovs, qalbaton l. sliskas saCuqrad gadasca ori tomi sam-

tomeulisa ,,naTeli qristesi – saqarTvelo~, romlis gamocema qar-

Tul enaze moskovSi, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is sityvebiT,

,,kidev erTxel miuTiTebs Cvens xalxebsa da eklesiebs Soris urRvev

megobrul urTierTobebze”. prezentaciis Semdeg gaimarTa trapezi.

moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma uwmidesma aleqsi II-m

kidev erTxel gamoxata kmayofileba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis mravalricxovani delegaciis moskovSi CasvlasTan dakav-

SirebiT da imedi gamoTqva Cveni qveynebis urTierTobaSi arsebuli

problemebis samarTlianad mogvarebisa. sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m ganacxada _

es viziti ar aris martooden ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~

prezentaciasTan dakavSirebiT. igi istoriuli mniSvnelobisaa. qa-

rTvel da rus xalxebs bevri ram aqvT saerTo da Cvenma eklesiebma

yvelaferi unda gaakeTon, raTa am bolo dros ruseTsa da saqarT-

velos saxelmwifoebs Soris warmoSobili problemebi mogvardes.

saqarTvelo dainteresebulia Zlier erTian ruseTTan megobrobiT,

Zlieri erTiani stabiluri saqarTvelo ruseTis samxreTi sazRvre-

bis usafrTxoebasa da simSvides niSnavs.

209

* * *

3 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delegacia

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is meTaurobiT zagorskis sasu-

liero akademias ewvia. aq 1952-1960 wlebSi uwmidesi da unetaresi

ilia II jer sasuliero seminariaSi, xolo Semdeg sasuliero ak-

ademiaSi swavlobda. zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi daicva dis-

ertacia Temaze ,,aTonis iveriis monastris istoria”. oficialuri

oponentebi iyvnen: profesorebi n. muraviovi da a. georgievski. misi

uwmidesobisaTvis nacnobia zagorskis lavris yvela kuTxe-kunWuli.

aq swavlis periodi Cveni cxovrebis Zvirfasi wlebi iyo, _ aRniSna

misma uwmidesobam. delegaciam daaTvaliera zagorskis muzeumi, Tay-

vani sca wmida sergi radoneJelis saflavs. uwmidesma da unetares-

ma ilia II-m panaSvidi gadauxada moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis

patriarqs uwmides aleqsi I-s. trapezze, romelic saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delegaciis pativsacemad gaimarTa za-

gorskis akademiaSi, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m siyvaruliT

da pativiscemiT gaixsena Tavisi aRzrdili pedagogebi. saubari im-

denad uSualo da gulaxdili iyo, rom maspinZlebi moixiblnen da

oficialuri Sexvedra guliTad, megobrul Sexvedrad gadaiqca... zag-

orskidan gamotyorcnili siTbo moskovSi dagvxvda, yvelani vgrZnob-

diT, rom daZabuloba TandaTan ganimuxta.

imave saRamos saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delega-

ciam daaTvaliera Cveni saxelovani Tanamemamulis zurab wereTlis

daarsebuli xelovnebis muzeumi, sadac warmodgenilia avtoris mier

Seqmnili monumenturi xelovnebisa Tu qandakebis unikaluri ni-

muSebi, saqarTvelosa da ruseTis eklesiaTa meTaurebis brinjaos

qandakebani. muzeumSi imyofebodnen moskovisa da sankt-peterburgSi

moRvawe qarTveli biznesmenebi, mecnierebis, kulturis, xelovnebis

moRvaweebi.

210

erToblivi liturgia…erToblivi liturgia…

4 marts moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma, uwmidesma

aleqsi II-m da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uw-

midesma da unetaresma ilia II-m saRmrTo liturgia Caatares qriste

macxovris sakaTedro taZarSi. liturgiis damTavrebisas uwmidesma

patriarqma aleqsi II-m mimarTa taZarSi myofT:

Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, yovlad usamRvdeloeso

mRvdelmTavrebo, qristes mier sayvarelo mamebo, Zmebo da debo!

yvelas gilocavT kvira dRes, xolo moziareebs _ qristes yvelas gilocavT kvira dRes, xolo moziareebs _ qristes

wmida saidumlos ziarebas. dRes, didmarxvis kvira dRes, Cven qar-wmida saidumlos ziarebas. dRes, didmarxvis kvira dRes, Cven qar-

Tuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis winamZRvarTan erTad CavatareT Tuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis winamZRvarTan erTad CavatareT

saRmrTo liturgia, gvqonda evqaristiuli erToba. vatarebdiT saRmrTo liturgia, gvqonda evqaristiuli erToba. vatarebdiT

ra dRes saRmrTo liturgias Cvens sayvarel stumrebTan – uw-ra dRes saRmrTo liturgias Cvens sayvarel stumrebTan – uw-

midessa da unetares, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq midessa da unetares, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq

ilia II-sTan erTad, vloculobdiT imaze, rom RmerTma yvela, ilia II-sTan erTad, vloculobdiT imaze, rom RmerTma yvela,

erTi barZimidan moziareni, gagvaerTianos suli wmidis madliT. erTi barZimidan moziareni, gagvaerTianos suli wmidis madliT.

uflis taxtTan erTad mdgomareni Cven vgrZnobT sulTa srul uflis taxtTan erTad mdgomareni Cven vgrZnobT sulTa srul

erTianobas qristesken swrafvaSi. ra Tqma unda, yoveli Cvengani erTianobas qristesken swrafvaSi. ra Tqma unda, yoveli Cvengani

am wuTebSi loculobda ara marto sakurTxevelsa da eklesiaSi am wuTebSi loculobda ara marto sakurTxevelsa da eklesiaSi

myofTa erTianobaze, aramed marTlmadidebel xalxze, romelic ru-myofTa erTianobaze, aramed marTlmadidebel xalxze, romelic ru-

suli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli suli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis samwysos warmoadgens. Cveni ori eklesia iyo, aris da eklesiis samwysos warmoadgens. Cveni ori eklesia iyo, aris da

yovelTvis darCeba urTierTmosiyvarule Zmur eklesiad.yovelTvis darCeba urTierTmosiyvarule Zmur eklesiad.

saxarebaSi macxovari iose qriste gveubenba, rom morwmuneni Sead-saxarebaSi macxovari iose qriste gveubenba, rom morwmuneni Sead-

genen ,,erT samwysos~, romelsac ,,erTi mwyemsi~, TviT macxovari hyavs genen ,,erT samwysos~, romelsac ,,erTi mwyemsi~, TviT macxovari hyavs

(ioan. 10,16). ruseTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel qristianebs (ioan. 10,16). ruseTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel qristianebs

Soris araviTari zRvari ar arsebobs. Cven qristes erTiani samwyso Soris araviTari zRvari ar arsebobs. Cven qristes erTiani samwyso

varT, rac kidev erTxel gavnicadeT dRes. Cven vloculobT da vagr-varT, rac kidev erTxel gavnicadeT dRes. Cven vloculobT da vagr-

ZelebT gulmodgine locvas imaze, rom Cveni xalxis erTianoba sarw-ZelebT gulmodgine locvas imaze, rom Cveni xalxis erTianoba sarw-

munoebaSi dagvexmaros Cveni qveynebis ara mato keTilmezobluri urT-munoebaSi dagvexmaros Cveni qveynebis ara mato keTilmezobluri urT-

ierTobis, aramed sruli urTierTgagebis, TanamSromlobis aRsadgenad.ierTobis, aramed sruli urTierTgagebis, TanamSromlobis aRsadgenad.

211

Cven gvwams locvis sakurnebeli da ganmaaxlebeli Zalisa. es Cven gvwams locvis sakurnebeli da ganmaaxlebeli Zalisa. es

gansakuTrebiT aSkaraa CvenTvis, rodesac vimyofebiT qriste-macx-gansakuTrebiT aSkaraa CvenTvis, rodesac vimyofebiT qriste-macx-

ovris am ganaxlebul taZarSi, romelic gaxda Cveni xalxis simbo-ovris am ganaxlebul taZarSi, romelic gaxda Cveni xalxis simbo-

lo uRmerToebis diqtaturis dros mis mier gadatanili tanjvis lo uRmerToebis diqtaturis dros mis mier gadatanili tanjvis

Semdeg. gvaxsovs, Tqveno uwmidesobav, Tqveni monawileoba am taZris Semdeg. gvaxsovs, Tqveno uwmidesobav, Tqveni monawileoba am taZris

kurTxevaSi, gvaxsovs Tqvens mier warmoTqmuli sityva. viciT, ro-kurTxevaSi, gvaxsovs Tqvens mier warmoTqmuli sityva. viciT, ro-

gori rwmeniTa da siyvaruliT aRmarTeT Tqven, wmida sergis lavris gori rwmeniTa da siyvaruliT aRmarTeT Tqven, wmida sergis lavris

aRzrdilma, yovladwmida cxovelmyofeli samebis didebuli taZari aRzrdilma, yovladwmida cxovelmyofeli samebis didebuli taZari

saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi. gwams, rom is saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi. gwams, rom is saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

darCeba rogorc qarTveli xalxis ganaxlebis, mSvidobisa da erovnu-darCeba rogorc qarTveli xalxis ganaxlebis, mSvidobisa da erovnu-

li Tanxmobis simbolo.li Tanxmobis simbolo.

guliTadad mivesalmebi Tqveni uwmidesobis Tanamgzavrebs, rom-guliTadad mivesalmebi Tqveni uwmidesobis Tanamgzavrebs, rom-

lebic TqvenTan erTad CamobrZandnen ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklo-lebic TqvenTan erTad CamobrZandnen ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklo-

pediis~ axali tomis erTobliv wardgenaze, sadac statiebi saqarTve-pediis~ axali tomis erTobliv wardgenaze, sadac statiebi saqarTve-

losa da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Sesaxeb momzadebulia losa da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Sesaxeb momzadebulia

Cveni ori qveynis mecnierTa mier.Cveni ori qveynis mecnierTa mier.

dRes erTad loculoben marTlmadidebeli rusebi da marTlma-dRes erTad loculoben marTlmadidebeli rusebi da marTlma-

didebeli qarTvelebi. dRes moskovis qrsite-macxovris sakaTedro didebeli qarTvelebi. dRes moskovis qrsite-macxovris sakaTedro

taZarsa da Tbilisis sakaTedro cxovelmyofeli samebis taZris taZarsa da Tbilisis sakaTedro cxovelmyofeli samebis taZris

gundebi erTad adideben ufals. araferi aerTianebs ise, rogorc gundebi erTad adideben ufals. araferi aerTianebs ise, rogorc

erToblivi locva! dae, am keTili saqmis nayofi iyos is, rom Cven erToblivi locva! dae, am keTili saqmis nayofi iyos is, rom Cven

ukeT gavugoT erTmaneTs. viciT, rom Cveni sulieri erTianoba aris ukeT gavugoT erTmaneTs. viciT, rom Cveni sulieri erTianoba aris

uflis nebis asruleba.uflis nebis asruleba.

dRevandeli dRis locvis samaxsovrod gTxovT, Tqveno uw-dRevandeli dRis locvis samaxsovrod gTxovT, Tqveno uw-

midesobav, miiRoT vladimiris RvTismSoblis xatis asli. rusuli midesobav, miiRoT vladimiris RvTismSoblis xatis asli. rusuli

marTlmadidebeli eklesia eTayvaneba vladimiris RvTismSoblis xats. marTlmadidebeli eklesia eTayvaneba vladimiris RvTismSoblis xats.

yovladwmida RvTismSobeli Tavisi wmida saxiT aris qalaq mosko-yovladwmida RvTismSobeli Tavisi wmida saxiT aris qalaq mosko-

visa da Cveni samSoblos mfarveli, mis winaSe mravaljer ulociaT visa da Cveni samSoblos mfarveli, mis winaSe mravaljer ulociaT

gansacdelis Jams. 1993 wels, rodesac ruseTi samoqalaqo omis gansacdelis Jams. 1993 wels, rodesac ruseTi samoqalaqo omis

saSiSroebis winaSe dadga, vladimiris RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqme-saSiSroebis winaSe dadga, vladimiris RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqme-

di xati gadabrZanebuli iyo RvTis gancxadebis sakaTedro taZarSi. di xati gadabrZanebuli iyo RvTis gancxadebis sakaTedro taZarSi.

arasodes damaviwydeba, rogori rwmeniTa da sasoebiT, Tvalcremliani, arasodes damaviwydeba, rogori rwmeniTa da sasoebiT, Tvalcremliani,

212

sanTlebiT xelSi, muxlmodrekiT loculobda xalxi da evedreboda sanTlebiT xelSi, muxlmodrekiT loculobda xalxi da evedreboda

ufals aecilebina Cveni samSoblosaTvis samoqalaqo omi. im firf-ufals aecilebina Cveni samSoblosaTvis samoqalaqo omi. im firf-

itaze, romelic mikrulia am saswaulebrivi xatis asli, weria, rom itaze, romelic mikrulia am saswaulebrivi xatis asli, weria, rom

zeciuri dedoflis es wmida asli gadaecema Tqvens uwmidesobas da zeciuri dedoflis es wmida asli gadaecema Tqvens uwmidesobas da

unetaresobas qristes macxovris taZarSi Cveni erToblivi msaxure-unetaresobas qristes macxovris taZarSi Cveni erToblivi msaxure-

bis samaxsovrod. vimedovnebT, rom Cveni saeklesio Zmuri kavSiri bis samaxsovrod. vimedovnebT, rom Cveni saeklesio Zmuri kavSiri

xels Seuwyobs Cvens xalxebsa da Cvens qveynebs Soris kavSiris xels Seuwyobs Cvens xalxebsa da Cvens qveynebs Soris kavSiris

ganmtkicebas.ganmtkicebas.

gilocavT!gilocavT!

213

ilia II-is sityva moskovisa da ilia II-is sityva moskovisa da

sruliad ruseTissruliad ruseTis

patriarqTan aleqsi II-sTan patriarqTan aleqsi II-sTan

erTobliv RvTismsaxurebazeerTobliv RvTismsaxurebaze

Tqveno uwmidesobav aleqsi II, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis

patriarqo, usamRvdeloeso mwyemsmTavrebo, Zmano da dano!

,,aha, esera rai-me keTil anu rai-me Suenrie, ara-me damkvidrebai

ZmaTai erTad” (fs. 132, 1).

dRes, ori avtokefaluri eklesiis winamZRvrebisa da warmomad-

genlebis erToblivi saRmrTo liturRiis dros, Cven kidev erTx-

el gamovxateT Zmuri grZnobebi. Cven vimyofebiT qriste-macxovris

didebul taZarSi. gvwams sulTa erTobisa da vimedovnebT, rom dRes

Cvens erTobliv saRmrTo liturRias eswrebodnen da locviT gve-

weodnen ruseTisa da saqarTvelos didebuli winaprebi.

Cveni xalxebi erTiani marTlmadidebluri rwmeniT arian gaer-

Tianebulni; eziarebian Cveni macxovris ieso qristes sisxlsa da

xorcs erTi barZimidan da gaerTianebulebi arian saRmrTo siyvaru-

liT, Cven pasuxs vagebT erTmaneTis winaSe, mociquli pavles sityve-

biT ,,urTierTas simZime itvirTeT da esreT aRasruleT sjuli igi

qristesi~ (galat. 6, 2).

gvwams, rom is problemebi, romlebic wamoiSvnen afxazeTsa da

cxinvalis regionSi, RvTis madliT gadawydeba qarTuli marTlma-

didebluri eklesiis wiaRSi; xolo arCevnebi, romelic dRes tar-

deba afxazeTSi, im dros roca 300 aTasi adamiani gamoZevebulia

sakuTari samSoblodan, ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos legitimurad. miuxe-

davad sirTuleebisa, samRvdeloebis nawili da morwmuneni am re-

gionebidan mWidro urTierTobaSi arian CvenTan da SeZlebisdagavrad

Camodian kidevac. misasalmebelia isic, rom miuxedavad politikuri

da samxedro dapirispirebisa warsulSi, Cvenma xalxebma – qarT-

velebma, afxazebma, osebma SeinarCunes naTesauri, megobruli grZnobebi,

rac gamoixateba urTierTobaSi da urTierTgagebaSi. gvwams, rom

214

saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgena dadebiTad imoq-

medebs stabilurobis aRdgenaze rogorc mTeli kavkasiis regionSi,

aseve ruseTTan urTierTobaSi ara marto politikur, aramed kul-

turul-ekonomikur sferoSi da a. S. saqarTvelos sWirdeba mego-

bruli ruseTi, ise rogorc ruseTs sWirdeba erTiani saqarTvelo

da stabiluri mSvidobiani kavkasia.

Tqveno uwmidesobav, imedi gvaqvs, rom Tqveni maRali avtoriteti

xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos mTlianobis aRdgenas da Cvens xalxebsa

da saxelmwifoebs Soris ndobis ganmtkicebas, rac ueWvelia dadeb-

iTad imoqmedebs Cveni saxelmwifoebis urTierTobebze.

vimedovnebT, rom wels, Cveni SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, RvTis Sewev-

niT ganxorcieldeba Tqveni viziti saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelo siy-

varuliT moelis Tqvens CamobrZanebas. Cveni udidesi pativiscemisa

da Zmuri siyvarulis niSnad gadmogcemT, Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav,

mociqulTa sworis wmida ninos xats, romelic dawerilia bodbis

monastris dedebis mier, sadac ganisvenebs saqarTvelos zeciuri

mfarveli. es xati eqvsi weli dasvenebuli iyo wmindanis saflavze.

dae, mociqulTaswori wmida ninos locva SegewioT Tqven mravalJam-

ier rusuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiisa da mTeli marTlmadide-

blobis sakeTildReod. amin.

* * *

wirvis Semdeg gaimarTa oficialuri sadili, saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis delegacias gulTbili sityvebiT mimarTes

moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma uwmidesma aleqsi II-m da

mitropolitma kirilem. sapasuxo sityvaSi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m, saqarTve-

los mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis prezidentma Tamaz gamyrel-

iZem madloba moaxsenes ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs

maspinZlobisaTvis. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m ganacxada: _

politikosebma unda mousminon sasuliero pirebs da gaiTvaliswi-

215

non maTi rCevebi, es daexmareba maT mravalricxovani problemebis

mogvarebaSi.

imave saRamos qarTulma diasporam moskovSi mcxovrebi qarTve-

li biznesmenis, baton levan vasaZis iniciativiT oficialuri vaxSami

gamarTa restoran ,,praRaSi” saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesi-

is delegaciis pativsacemad.

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa

qarTuli diasporis warmomadgenlebs: ,,qarTvel xalxs saukuneTa

manZilze araerTxel hqonia didi gansacdeli, magram RvTis SewevniT

dauZlevia igi. vfiqrobT, dRevandeli problemebic droebiTia da

saqarTvelo Tavs daaRwevs mas. mSobliuri miwa, fesvebi Tqven gix-

moben Tqvens samSobloSi~.

5 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delegacia

moskovidan samSobloSi gamoemgzavra. delegaciis wevrTa erTma naw-

ilma domodedovos raionSi moinaxula deda Tamaris (marjaniSvi-

lis) mier daarsebuli wmida ninos monasteri, sadac qarTvelebs

gulTbilad Sexvdnen da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresisaTvis saCuqrad gamoatanes deda

Tamaris portreti.

216

saWiroa sulieri mzera...saWiroa sulieri mzera...

interiviu saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan, uwmindessa da une-interiviu saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan, uwmindessa da une-

tares ilia meoresTantares ilia meoresTan

_ Tqveno uwmindesobav, saaRdgomod ruseTis xelisuflebam _ Tqveno uwmindesobav, saaRdgomod ruseTis xelisuflebam

droebiT aRadgina pirdapiri sahaero mimosvla Tbilissa da moskovs droebiT aRadgina pirdapiri sahaero mimosvla Tbilissa da moskovs

Soris. rogor miaRwieT am SeTanxmebas?Soris. rogor miaRwieT am SeTanxmebas?

_ daxmarebisTvis saqarTveloSi ruseTis elCs mivmarTeT. Cveni

Txovna dakmayofilda. xalxma es did madlierebad aRiqva. Zalian

gagvixarda, rom ruseTma aseTi nabiji gadadga. magram ajobebs, Tu

aRdgeba normaluri savizo reJimi da satransporto urTierToba

ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris. Cven Tavisufali mimosvla gvaqvs Tur-

qeTTan, xolo ruseTTan – ara. es paradoqsia.

_ moskovis sapatriarqo mxars giWerT?_ moskovis sapatriarqo mxars giWerT?

_ uwmindesi patriarqi aleqsi II yovelTvis iziarebs Cems

mimarTvebs. yvelafers akeTebs, rom ara marto Cvens eklesiebs Soris

iyos megobruli urTierToba, aramed saxelmwifoebs Sorisac. magram,

samwuxarod, yovelTvis ase ar xdeba.

_ moskovsa da Tbiliss Soris ratom gaCnda aseTi Rrma krizisi?_ moskovsa da Tbiliss Soris ratom gaCnda aseTi Rrma krizisi?

_ politikuri grizisi afxazeTis da cxinvalis regionebis sep-

aratistuli tendenciebis gamo gaCnda. ruseTma separatizms mxari

ar unda dauWiros. ruseTs mxolod afxazeTi ki ar sWirdeba, aramed

mTeli saqarTvelo. aseve sWirdeba saqarTvelos mTeli ruseTi _

erTiani da megobruli.

_ rogor afasebT evrokavSirsa da natosTan saqarTvelos daax-_ rogor afasebT evrokavSirsa da natosTan saqarTvelos daax-

loebas, xom ar gaSfoTebT es sakiTxi?loebas, xom ar gaSfoTebT es sakiTxi?

_ globalizaciis procesis SeCereba SeuZlebelia, magram saqarTve-

217

los dasavleTTan daaxloeba ruseTisgan gandgomas ar niSnavs. ruseTi

umetesad marTlmadidebluri qveyanaa da es iyo Cveni daaxloebis sa-

fuZveli. dasavleTs bevri kargi Tviseba aqvs da bevric _ uaryofiTi.

saWiroa sulieri mzera, raTa dainaxo, risi gaziareba SeiZleba da risi

_ ara. mTavaria, sulieri, erovnuli da kulturuli faseulobebis Se-

narCuneba da amaSi Cven ruseTTan unda viTanamSromloT.

_ Tu evropasTan daaxloeba da globalizacia gardauvalia, ra _ Tu evropasTan daaxloeba da globalizacia gardauvalia, ra

gavlenas moaxdens es procesi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli da gavlenas moaxdens es procesi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli da

romis kaTolikuri eklesiebis urTierTobaze?romis kaTolikuri eklesiebis urTierTobaze?

_ Cven normaluri urTierToma gvaqvs kaTolikeebTan, magram

roca isini qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiisgan uflebebs iTx-

oven, SevaxsenebT xolme, rom saqarTvelo marTlmadidebluri qveyanaa.

_ aRdgomis Semdeg Tqven samxreT oseTis mosazRvre raionebSi _ aRdgomis Semdeg Tqven samxreT oseTis mosazRvre raionebSi

gaemgzavreT. ratom?gaemgzavreT. ratom?

_ iq taZris aSenebas vapirebT. es bazilika axlomaxlo soflebs

gaaerTianebs da xels Seuwyobs qarTvelebsa da osebs Soris kargi

urTierTobis ganaxlebas.

_ rogor afasebT moskovis sapatriarqos rols afxazeTis _ rogor afasebT moskovis sapatriarqos rols afxazeTis

problemaSi?problemaSi?

_ samwuxarod, xandaxan iq uwmindesi patriarqis, aleqsis kurTx-

evis gareSec Cadian mRvdlebi. erTxel uwmindesma patriarqma

ruseTidan afxazeTSi mRvdlebis gagzavna SemomTavaza. uari vuTxari,

_ es ara marto saqarTvelosa da afxazeTis, aramed Cvens eklesiebs

Sorisac gaamwvavebda urTierTobas. rusuli eklesiis zogierTi

episkoposi Tavis eparqiaSi iwvevda axalgazrda afxazebs, mRvdlad

akurTxebda da afxazeTSi abrunebda. es kanonieri wesebis darRvevaa.

Tu ruseTis marTlmadidebluri eklesiis romelime eparqia afxazs

mRvdlad akurTxebs, maSin man im eparqiaSi unda imsaxuros, sadac

xeli daasxes.

218

rasakvirvelia, aris Cvens saqmeebSi Carevis mcdeloba, magram

darwmunebuli var, rom uwmindesi patriarqi aleqsi yovelTvis gul-

wrfelia CvenTan.

_ rogor amyarebT urTierTobas saqarTvelos saxelmwifosTan? _ rogor amyarebT urTierTobas saqarTvelos saxelmwifosTan?

qarTuli eklesia xom erTaderTia ssrk-s eklesiebs Soris, romelmac qarTuli eklesia xom erTaderTia ssrk-s eklesiebs Soris, romelmac

SeZlo, dokumenturad eRiarebina misi uflebebi, xolo saxelmwifom SeZlo, dokumenturad eRiarebina misi uflebebi, xolo saxelmwifom

pasuxismgebloba ikisra sabWoTa periodSi gatarebul represiebze?pasuxismgebloba ikisra sabWoTa periodSi gatarebul represiebze?

_ didi Zalisxmeva gaxda saWiro xelSekrulebis dasadebad,

romelic, vfiqrob, misabaZi unda iyos sxva eklesiebisTvis. xe-

lSekrulebaSi xazgasmulia Cveni damoukidebloba. aseve gvekuTvnis

kompensacia. 1917 wlamde 2500 eklesia-monasteri gvqonda, axla ki

aTasamdea. jerjerobiT Cveni yofili sakuTrebis mxolod erTi pro-

centi dagvibrunda, magram procesi grZeldeba.

_ axdenT gavlenas saxelmwifos politikaze?_ axdenT gavlenas saxelmwifos politikaze?

_ erTmaneTis saqmeSi ar vereviT. Cveni urTierToba saqarTve-

los konstituciiT da saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris gaforme-

buli konstituciuri xelSekrulebiT ganisazRvreba. xandaxan Cven

keTil rCevebs viZleviT.

219

6 marts sruliad saqarTvelos 6 marts sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqma,kaTolikos-patriarqma,

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m

depeSa gaugzavna mis uwmidesobas, moskovisa da depeSa gaugzavna mis uwmidesobas, moskovisa da

sruliad ruseTis patriarq aleqsi meoressruliad ruseTis patriarq aleqsi meores

Tqveno uwmidesobav, qristesmiero Zmao!

mSvidobianad davbrundiT ra samSobloSi, qarTuli delegaciisa

da piradad Cemi saxeliT minda uRrmesi madliereba gamovxato pira-

dad Tqven mimarT, uwmidesi mwyemsmTavrisa da TiToeuli Tanamonaw-

ilis mimarT moskovSi CvenTvis gaweuli Tbili maspinZlobisaTvis.

vfiqrob, rom Cveni viziti Zalze mniSvnelovania ara mxolod

Cveni eklesiisTvis, aramed ori qveynis xalxisa da saxelmwifoebi-

sTvis.

Cveni wmida eklesiebi yovelTvis iyo Zmobisa da TanamSromlo-

bis magaliTis mimcemi Cveni politikuri moRvaweebisaTvis. rogorc

Sexvedris dros aRiniSna, Cven vWirdebiT erTmaneTs, Cven vlocu-

lobT da imeds gamovTqvamT, rom yvela is problema, romelic Cvens

saxelmwifoebs Soris undoblobas iwvevs, kerZod ki konfliqtebi

afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi, uaxloes momavalSi mogvardeba.

es ki sasurvel garemos Seuqmnis ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris

momaval TanamSromlobas.

separatizmi saSiSi tendenciaa, romelic mimarTulia saxelm-

wifo wyobis ngrevisken, amis gadasaxalavad yvelaferi unda viRonoT,

rac ki SegviZlia, raTa SevqmnaT keTili da urTierTmisaRebi pirobe-

bi eTnikuri umciresobisaTvis.

vusurveb Tqvens uwmidesobas janmarTelobas, sixaruliTa da

bednierebiT aRsavse dReebs. Tqvens wmida eklesias da qveyanas mSvi-

dobas da Semdgom ayvavebas.

qristesmieri siyvaruliT, sruliad saqarTvelos qristesmieri siyvaruliT, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II

220

STabeWdilebebiSTabeWdilebebi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqissruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

keTili nebis misia ruseTSikeTili nebis misia ruseTSi

2007 wlis 1-4 marti

erToblivi qarTul-rusuli wirva-locva moskovis qriste-macx-

ovris taZarSi ar iyo mxolod sarwmunoebrivi suliskveTebiT

ganmsWvaluli aqti; sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq-

is udidesi saTnoebiTa da RirsebiT warmoTqmul sityvaSi dais-

va fuZemdebluri problemebi, romlebic Seexeboda qarTul-rusul

urTierTobaTa rogorc sulierebis, aseve kulturul da politi-

kur-sazogadoebriv sferoebs: erTmowmune xalxebs Soris arsebul

sulier, kulturul da sazogadoebriv-politikur urTierToba-

Ta ganmsazRvreli faqtoria saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlia-

noba, romlis aRdgenis gareSe Zneli warmosadgeni iqneba lapara-

ki erToblivi sulierebis da saerTo-kulturuli Rirebulebebis

Sesaxeb. es iyo WeSmaritad umaRlesi sulierebiT ganmsWvaluli

sazogadoebriv-politikuri mniSvnelobis sityva, warmoTqmuli qa-

rTvelTa sulieri winamZRvris mier rusuli sulierebis centrSi

_ moskovis qriste-macxovris wmida taZarSi, da Tu Cven Cveni qvey-

nis teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis procesis droSi aTvlas

daviwyebT, sruliad aqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa

da unetaresis ilia II-is es umniSvelovanesi gamosvla moskovis

qriste-macxovris taZarSi Seva saqarTvelos istoriaSi rogorc am

procesis erT-erTi sawyisi momenti.

Tamaz gamyreliZeTamaz gamyreliZe

221

istoriuli vizitiistoriuli viziti

saqarTvelosa da ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiebs So-

ris urTierToba XX saukuneebSi bevr winaaRmdegobas awydeboda.

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg meoTxedi saukunis manZilze ruse-

Tis eklesias saqarTvelos eklesiasTan ar hqonda evqaristiuli

kavSiri. meore msoflio omis wlebSi ruseTis eklesiam aRadgina

evqaristiuli kavSiri saqarTvelos eklesiasTan, intensiuri gax-

da kavSirebi, Tbiliss stumrobdnen ruseTis patriarqebi: uwmide-

si aleqsi, pimeni ... moskovSi iwvevdnen uwmidessa da unetares

kaTolikos-patriarqebs _ kalistrates, melqisedeks, efrems, da-

viTs, ilia II-s.

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg ruseTsa da saqarTvelos

Soris ara marto politikuri, aramed saeklesio urTierTobebic

garTulda. afxazeTsa da cxinavlis regionSi rusi erovnebis sa-

suliero pirTa qmedebani saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesi-

is iurisdiqciis darRvevis mcdelobad iqna aRqmuli. 2006 wlis

Semodgomaze saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis damamcirebelma deporta-

ciam, sainformacio omma, ekonomikurma sanqciebma ori qveynis urT-

ierToba ukiduresad daiZaba. am fonze sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is viziti

moskovSi Tavisi mniSvnelobiT scildeboda ,,marTlmadidebluri

enciklopediis me-13 tomis prezentaciis farglebs.

moskovis macxovris taZarSi 4 marts saqarTvelosa da ruse-

Tis patriarqebis erToblivi RvTismsaxurebis dasasrul saqa-

rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma qarTveli xalxis saxeliT im

dRes afxazeTis separatistuli xelisuflebis mier Catarebuli

arCevnebi, romlis garSemo aJiotaJs qmnida ruseTis oficialuri

xelisufleba, ukanonod, saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebis uxeS

darRvevad gamoacxada.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da

unetaresma ilia II-m dagvanaxa, rogorc azvirTebul okeaneSi

222

brZen winamZRols SeuZlia gemi samSvidoboze gaiyvanos, mas Ses-

wevs Zala urTules di plomatiur labirinTebSi mSvidad gaiaros

da gaataros Tavisi samSoblo.


istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

223

,,visurvebT, rom is sruli erTianoba rwmenaSi,,,visurvebT, rom is sruli erTianoba rwmenaSi,

romlis mowmenic varT, gavrceldes Cveni xalxebisromlis mowmenic varT, gavrceldes Cveni xalxebis

yovelmxriv urTierTobebSi~yovelmxriv urTierTobebSi~

moskovSi mcxovrebi morwmune qarTvelebi, wmida giorgis qa-

rTul eklesiaSi, siyvaruliT, sixaruliT Seegebnen uwmidessa da

unetaress. aqve Catarda wirva. ara marto taZari, saeklesio ezoc

gadavsebuli iyo mozRvavebuli mrevliT. yvela iq myofTa saxeebi

iyo gasxivosnebuli, bednieri da yvela cdilobda miaxloeboda uw-

midess. es iyo siyvarulis zeimi.

,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis” XIII tomis prezentaciaze,

macxovris sakaTedro taZarSi aRvlenil erTobliv RvTismsaxureba-

ze Tu sxva viTarebaSi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Tavis yvela gamosvlaSi aucileb-

lad exeboda afxazeTis da cxinvalis regionis problemebs da ru-

sul-qarTul saxelmwifoTa Soris daZabuli urTierTobis mogvare-

bis sakiTxs.

ar SemiZlia, ar aRvniSno patriarqis gundis da mis Tanmx-

leb momReralTa SesaniSnavi galoba rogorc macxovris sakaTedro

taZarSi, ise sxva RonisZiebebze.

ar SemiZlia, madliereba ar gamovxato moskovSi mcxovrebi qarT-

velebis mimarT maTi yuradRebisa da dauRalavi garjisaTvis, raTa es

mniSvnelovani viziti warmatebulad Catarebuliyo.

eldar Sengelaiaeldar Sengelaia

224

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqissruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

ilia II-is ruseTSi vizitis gamoilia II-is ruseTSi vizitis gamo

,,uwmidesi Camodis!~ _ es sityvebi moskovSi mcxovrebi qarT-

velebisaTvis malamoa da sixaruli. RmrTis madliT ramodenime-

jer mec Seveswari am movlenas. ucnauri ram xdeba aseT dros

moskovSi. erTmaneTis unaxavi uamravi qarTveli patriarqis garSe-

mo ikribeba. aq arian afxazeTidan devnilebic, saqarTvelos sxva-

dasxva kuTxidan Camosulebic, Tbiliselebic, mecnierebi, xelovani

xalxi, biznesmenebi. rodesac maT ucqer, xvdebi ra sxvadasxva-

nairia Cveni sazogadoeba, ra mravalferovania misi kilo, Cacma,

mixra-moxra. erTi warmomavlobis adamianebi bunebrivad ufro

jguf-jgufad ikribebian patriarqis garSemo, erTmaneTs ucqeren,

esalmebian, yvelas pirze akeria saqarTvelo, misi bed-iRbali, sax-

lSi dabruneba. ucqer am saocar suraTs da kidev erTxel rwmun-

debi, ra erTiania Cveni eri patriarqis garSemo. ra martivia es

gamaerTianebeli sawyisi, ramdenad bunebrivi da mtkicea.

levan vasaZelevan vasaZe

ruseTSi mcxovrebi qarTveli biznesmeni

225

,,CvenTan ars RmerTi”,,CvenTan ars RmerTi”

boing 747-is salonSi Semosuli, wamiT SeCerda, yvelas mogvwvda

mzeriT, RimiliT warmoTqva es sityvebi, pirvelive rigSi dabrZanda

da avfrindiT kidec.

saocari suraTia... patriarqTan erTad xar caSi, mifrinav; mgza-

vrTa umetesoba sasuliero piria, iqve, savarZlebze xatebia dasven-

ebuli. bavSvuri, gulubryvilo, fiqrebi ameSala. RmerTTan siaxlovis,

idumalebis, daculobis SegrZneba gamiCnda.

moskovisken mivfrinavT. politikosebis mier ,,daxurul~,

,,akrZalul~ sahaero sivrces mivapobT saqarTvelos sulieri mamis

TavkacobiT. uzarmazari rkinis Citi mSvidobis im mtreds damsgavse-

bia, bibliur noes _ warRvnis, Cvens erTmorwmune mezobels ki ,,civi

omis” dasasruli rom unda auwyos.

ruseTis miwaze fexs pirveli ilia II dgams. ukan TanmxlebTa

garinduli rigi mihyveba xatebiT xelSi. grZeli gzaa dedaqalaqamde.

patriarqs sirenebiani eskorti acilebs.

amindi samxreTulad CaxCaxa da Tbilia, iseTive, rogorc Cveni

maspinZlebis ganwyoba.

,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ gamosvla gaxldaT sababi

am mogzaurobisa. saqarTvelos patriarqma miiRo aleqsi II-is miwveva

da gadadga kidec pirveli nabiji ,, mSvidobisken”.

SemdgomSi mis mier gakeTebuli yvela gancxadeba dasturi iqneba

am miznisa da Cveni samSvidobo misiisa.

,,saqarTvelo pativs unda scemdes, aRiarebdes ruseTis terito-

riul mTlianobas, iseve rogorc ruseTma unda izrunos saqarTve-

los teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenaze~.

Sokis momgvreli iyo macxovris taZaraSi umaRlesi sasulie-

ro pirisgan teritoriul mTlianobaze, afxazeTisa da cxinvalis

problemebze saubari; an Tundac maspinZlebisTvis imis Sexseneba,

rom ruseTisTvis gacilebiT momgebiani unda iyos gaerTianebuli da

Zlieri saqarTvelos mezobloba.

226

minda gavimeoro moskovis sakaTedro taZarSi ruseTis patriarq-

is mier warmoTqmuli sityvebi:

,,am mZime marxvis dros Tqvenma CamobrZanebam iseTi amaRlebuli

ganwyoba Seqmna, TiTqos aRdgoma dRe gaTenebuliyo~.

kiTxvis niSnebi mainc darCa ... ra zemoqmedebas moaxdens es

viziti ori qveynis samomavlo urTierTobaze?

eyofaT rus politikosebs Zala, sakuTar politikas CauRrmavd-

nen da aRiaron saqarTvelos damoukidebloba? (Tu dRes ara, xval

mainc mouwevT amis gakeTeba!. aRmoaCndebaT qarTvelebs imis unari da

sibrZne, rom Caswvdnen saqarTvelos patriarqis sityvebs: ,,adamiani,

gaRviZebisas, mzeze adre mezobels xedavso”. rogor unda moiqcnen

am ori qveynis politikosebi, Semdeg ki Cven, Cveulebrivi moqalaqeni,

roca eklesiis winamZRolni aseT magaliTs gviCveneben?

am kiTxvebs albaT momavali gascems pasuxs. dRes ki me Tvalwin

midgas is uzamrazari pirdafCenili ormo _ saZirkveli, romelzec

Semdeg samebis brwyinvale taZari wamoimarTa. gaognebuli videqi

maSin mis piras da gulSi vfiqrobdi, RmerTo Cemo, am SeWirvebul

droSi ra amoavsebs amxela sivrces-meTqi. SeuZleblad meCveneboda

am saqmisTvis gvirgvinis dadgma.

aki dgas TbilisSi rwmenis qvakuTxedad wmida samebis taZari

_ RmerTisa da Cveni patriarqis didi saidumlo. amitom, ar maqvs

ufleba, ar davijero, rom am samSvidobo misiasac, rogorc misi uw-

mindesobis dawyebul yvela saqmes, bolo keTili ar eqneba.

gogi xarabaZegogi xarabaZe

227

,,iyavn igi Tqvenda mona~,,iyavn igi Tqvenda mona~

ra Tqma unda, RvTis nebaa, rom am urTules da winaaRmdegobebiT

aRsavse xanaSi Cvens ers, Tavisi locva-kurTxeviT, gamarjvebis suls

da ukvdavebis Zalas aniWebs misi sulieri mama _ sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II.

miuxedavad imisa, rac saqarTveloSi da mis garSemo xdeba, Cveni

samSoblo mainc dgas da mudam fexze damdgari iqneba! saqarTvelo

Cveni macxovris uZvelesi saxlia, romlis WerqveS saukuneebis man-

Zilze varT Sefarebuli rogorc ormoci kabadokieli mxedari, rom-

lebic erT saRamos warmarTebma gayinul tbaSi Cayares, TviTon ki

iqve maxloblad cxel abanoSi Tbebodnen da Rriancelobdnen... magram

sebasteli mxedrebi ar Sedrknen, isini uZlieresi sulis adamianebi

aRmoCndnen...

ormoci kabadokieli mxedari mTeli saqarTvelos saxea! da me

mjera, rom dRes Cvens Soris ar unda aRmoCndes iseTi sulmokle,

romelic am rigebs gamoeyofa. Cven es Zala Cveni xalxis didma war-

sulma da ilia II-m STagvagona.

istoriaSi es asec xdeba, romelime eris saukeTeso Svili saku-

Tar TavSi atarebs Tavisi xalxis svebeds. masSi, rogorc pirovnebaSi,

SesaZloa gaucnobierad, SeiZleba mistikuradac ki, Tavs iyris mTeli

eris gamocdilebac...

moskovurma dReebma kidev erTxel dagvanaxa, rom rogorc yov-

elTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki SeiZleba qarTveli eris istoriis dRe-

vandel etpze, Cven TvalnaTliv vxedavT udides rols, romelsac

saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesia asrulebs Cveni

xalxis cxovrebis mniSvnelovan aspeqtSi. aseve ar SeiZleba Tvalsa-

Cinod ar vixiloT is mZime jvari, romelsac Tavis mxrebze atarebs

misi mesaWe.

rezo CxeiZerezo CxeiZe

228

vaxtang sarTaniavaxtang sarTania

moZRvarTmoZRvarT moZRvarimoZRvari

Cveni samSoblos istoriis uamravi gansacdelidan Znelia ga-

movyoT yvelaze cudi an gansakuTrebulad mZime momentebi, radgan

CvenSi yovel istoriul kataklizmas apokalifsuri xifaTi axl-

da, saRvTo wignebSi nawinaswarmetyvelebis safrTxeebis eqo xSirad

aryevda Cveni saxelmwifos sazRvrebs. aseT momentebSi sakmarisi

imedis moZieba, sakuTari erovnuli unikalurobisa da uflis winaSe

umaRlesi pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis SenarCuneba Zalze mniSvnelo-

vania, da amasTan, uaRresad rTulic. qristianobasTan ziarebis Sem-

dgom Cveni qveyanis sulier cxovrebas saqarTvelos eklesia uZRve-

boda. romlis gezic mudmivad iyo ara brma fanatizmi, aramed misi

mrevlis gaazrebuli, inteleqtualuri rwmeniT gaSuqebuli goneba.

es inteleqtualizmi ikiTxeba Cvens uZveles werilobiT ZeglebSi,

sasuliero da saero literaturaSi, istoriul qmedebebsa da gad-

awyvetilebaSi, eris mier Tavisi gmirebis gamorCevisa da pativis-

cemis principebSi. am gezis gamrudeba ar SeiZleboda da swored

am gezis SenarCunebis saqmes emsaxureboda Cveni eklesia Tavisi

wignebiT, RvawliT, qadagebebiT, piradi magaliTiTa da TavganwirviT,

Tavisi samrevlo skolebiTa da akademiebiT, moZRvris institutiT,

samecniero moRvaweobiT, saxelmwifos saero ganviTarebis ganmap-

irobebel aRmSeneblobis procesSi monawileobiT, TanamSromlobiT.

amitomac iyo, rom saukeTeso saxelmwifo saqmeTa marTvaSi upirve-

les pirTa Soris iyvnen sasuliero pirebi, magaliTad: grigol xanZ-

Teli, giorgi Wyondideli, sulxandsaba orbeliani, gabriel qiqoZe,

ambrosi xelaia da sxvani da sxvani.

am gezis SenarCunebas Tavis upirveles movaleobad miiCnevdnen

saqarTvelos patriarqebi, da amitomac iyvnen isini yovelTvis Cveni

229

eris sulieri da inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis saTaveebTan. mx-

olod mters SeiZleba undodes saero saganmanaTleblo sivrcidan

eklesiis Camocileba da izolacia, TiTqosda arsebobdes ori WeS-

mariteba erT SemecnebiT sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, TiTqosda arsebob-

des ori morali, ori sikeTe, ori WeSmariteba...

Tanamedrove epoqalur gamowvevaTa Soris erTderTi yvelaze

mwvave swored ganaTlebasa da mecnierebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTx-

ia, romelic am bolo dros sruliad specifikuri rakursiT war-

mogvidga: ganaTleba da mecniereba TviTmiznad gamocxadda, aqaoda esa

Tu is codna TavisTavadaa mniSvnelovani da ara adamianis sasikeTod,

misi sulieri da gonebrivi energiis humanuri, zogadsakacobrio

idealebisaken misamarTad. albaT, amitomacaa, rom geniosebis udide-

si aRmoCenebi Zalian xSirad ekologiuri katastrofis, atomuri

bombisa da sxva masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRis Seqmnis safuZvlad

gamoiyeneba, da ara adamianTa gadasarCenad, SimSilisa da daavadebaTa

dasaZlevad, xelovnebis nimuSTa Sesaqmnelad.

Cven mier dasaxelebul sakiTxebs kidev mravali magaliTi da

argumenti SeiZleba miematos, magram, vfiqrobT, esec sakmarisia imis

saTqmelad, rom kacobrioba usulo ganaTlebis gafetiSebas unda

Seelios da adamiani „mcodne manqanas“ ki ar unda daamsgavsos, aramed

Cvens epoqaSi Tavmoyrili ukidegano codnis sulier matarebels,

romelic Tavis saboloo miznad ara oqrosa da fufunebis, garTobi-

sa da Tavdaviwyebis mopovebas, aramed saRmrTo siyvarulis umaRles

idealTan misvlas isaxavs.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqs, uwmidessa da unetaress

ilia meores uaRresad rTul droSi mouxda Tavisi umZimesi da

gansakuTrebulad sapatio misiis Sesruleba: mas ara marto wiTeli

aTeizmis Savbnel epoqaSi unda gamoetarebina Tavisi samwyso, aramed

globalizaciuri samyaros ekleqtur RirebulebaTa oponireba unda

gaewia, Tavis xalxSi aRedgina da SeenarCunebina sarwmunoeba. msof-

lio religiaTa didma nawilma am gamowvevebs an Tanamedrove ten-

denciebisagan gasamijni muqi farda Camoafara da Tavis mimdevrebs

230

garkveuli codnis miReba aukrZala, an Tavad gadaeSva modernistul

RirebulebebSi da Tavisi liberaluri gadawyvetilebebiT avangar-

dul msoflios gauswro kidec aratradiciuli Rirebulebebis da-

kanonebis saqmeSi, zogi ki seqtebad daiSala da yoveli axali faseu-

lobisaTvis axali „samreklodan daiwyo rekva“. am dros saqarTvelos

eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli dinji, mwyobri, ganaTlebiT damSvenebuli

sityviT mimarTavs ersa da bers da ki ar gaurbis codnas, aramed

eswrafvis mas, ki ar uxuWavs Tvals codvas, aramed amxels mas, ki

ar iSleba, aramed erTiandeba. SevecdebiT mokled CamovayaliboT is

ZiriTadi momentebi, romlebic ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis Temisadmi

saqarTvelos kaTolikosdpatriarqis damokidebulebas gamoxatavs:

1. saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqis gamWriaxi mzera

saganTa arss swvdeba da sxvebsac aseTi siRrmebi-

sken axedebs. man uwyis, rom codna is Zalaa, romelsac

borotebis daZleva xelewifeba, Tuki sworad iqneba gage-

buli da Sefasebuli. Cveni patriarqis TqmiT, upirvelesi upirvelesi

mizani ganaTlebisa d codnis sworad gageba da Sefasebaa: mizani ganaTlebisa d codnis sworad gageba da Sefasebaa:

Cven unda gvqondes WeSmaritebaze dafuZnebuli analitikuri

azrovnebis unari, rom gavarCioT, ra aris misaRebi da ra uarsayofi,

gaviazroT, rogor davZlioT esa Tu is problema, ra gavakeToT imis-

aTvis, rom adre daSvebuli Secdomebi aRar gavimeoroT da SevZloT

momavlis swori prognozireba. Cemi didi xnis ocnebaa, skolaSi

iyos analitikuri azrovnebis kursi, raTa mozardi Taoba adreuli

asakidanve mieCvios gansjisa da swori nabijebis gadadgmas. (2009/10

wlebi, saSobao epistole);

2. codnas adamianisaTvis axlis gagebis sixaruli moa-

qvs da zogjer ampartavnebaSic agdebs mas, rogorc aqamde

dauZleveli mwvervalis dampyrobs. ampartavneba ki cudi

mrCevelia, swored ampartavneba iTrevs adamians yovlisS-

emZleobisa da zekacobis damaTrobel samyaroSi, ramac igi

SeiZleba avtoritarizmamde da moZaladeobamde miiyvanos,

ai, ras brZanebs amis Sesaxeb Cveni patriarqi:

231

TiToeuli Cvenganis da saerTod, Cveni eris umTavresi prob-

lema is aris, rom gvaklia Tavmdabloba da gvgonia, rom Cveni

ZalebiT, Cveni WkuiTa da unariT SevZlebT warmatebebis miRwevas,

rac madlis mopovebaSi xelisSemSlel garemoebad iqceva. Rmer-

Tis gareSe TviT angelozebsac ar ZaluZT arara, miT umetes

Cven. .... muxlmodrekiT, umorCilesad SevTxov yovladwmida same-

bas, mogvaniWos Tavmdabloba da TiToeuli Cvenganis guli hyos

beTlemis bagad, romelSic iSveba RmerT-kaci igi _ ieso qriste.

dideba Senda, ufalo, macxovaro Cveno, romeli gancdasa Cven-

Ta codvaTasa mogvaniWeb da dacemulTa aRgvadgineb! dideba Sen-

da, ufalo, romeli aRgvavseb Cven madliTa SeniTa da gvaziareb

saukuno netarebasa Sensa! (saSobao epistole 2009/2010).

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs araCveulebrivi organizaci-

uli niWi aqvs momadlebuli. mis gverdiT arian is sasuliero pirebi,

romelTac locvasTan erTad TavianT movaleobad miaCniaT moRvaweo-

ba: Sroma, swavla, samecniero azrovneba, aRmSenebloba, swavleba da sxv.

am yovelives eklesiebSi bevri SesaniSnavi pirovneba gamoCnda, rasac

xeli Seuwyo uwmidesis da unetaresis, kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia

II-is locva-kurTxeviT gaxsnilma Tbilisis sasuliero akademiam.

sasuliero akademiis TbilisSi gadmosvlis Semdeg misi saqmianoba

metad gafarTovda. aman ganapiroba is, rom sasuliero akademiis

meSveobiT eklesia-monastrebs metad saintereso msaxurebi, xolo

Teologiur mecnierebas mravali kvalificiuri kadri Seemata. sasu-

liero akademiis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqis uSualo iniciativiT

da locva-kurTxeviT gaixsna saero umaRlesi saswavleblebi: wmida

andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti. axali

Tanamedrove standartebis universiteti Rirseulad Cadga qarT-

veli samecniero kadrebis momzadebis saqmeSi. sul male universi-

tetma daiwyo sxvadasxva dargebisTvis umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone

kvalificiuri kadrebis momzadebac. am yvelafers xeli im gare-

moebamac Seuwyo, rom qarTul universitetSi Tavi moiyara Tbili-

sis saxelmwifo universitetis, sulxan-sabas orbelianis saxelobis

232

pedagogiuri universitetis da sxva universitetebidan wamosulma

profesor-maswavleblebma, romelTac umaRles skolebSi muSaobis

mravalwliani gamocdileba gaaCdaT. erTi wlis Semdeg, aseve ka-

Tolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT saqarTvelos sapatriarqom

gaxsna kidev ori umaRlesi saswavlebeli: xulos wmida tbel abuse-

riZis saxelobis saswavlo universiteti da TbilisSi wmida Tamar

mefis saxelobis medicinis instituti, amJamad medicinis saswavlo

universiteti. orive universiteti kvalificiuri kadrebis momzade-

bas emsaxureba.

saxelmwifos meTaurisa da saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

erToblivi brZanebiT q. quTaisSi daarsda gelaTis mecnierebaTa ak-

ademia, romelic Catarebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad gamoscems samecnie-

ro Jurnalebs Teologiis, eklesiis istoriis, Zveli qarTuli enis,

literaturis, qristianuli xelovnebis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze da

problemebze. kaTolikos-patriarqi mecnierebis mxardaWerisa da mis

ganviTarebaSi ganuzomeli wvlilisaTvis arCeul iqna saqarTvelos

erovnul mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio akademikosad, iv.javaxiSvi-

lis saxelmwifo universitetisa da sulxan-saba orbelianis saxe-

lobis peadgogiuri universitetis sapatio profesorad.

2005 wels wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis dRes daarsda sruli-

ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis saerTaSoriso saqvelmoqme-

do fondi ~sulierebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis aRorZineba da

ganviTareba~. patriarqma fondis daarsebis mizani ase ganmarta -

fondis zrunvis sagani iqneba ara marto sulierebis ganmtkiceba,

aramed kulturisa da mecnierebis aRorZineba da ganviTareba, rasac

udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos ganviTarebisaTvis. fondi

mravali mimarTulebiT muSaobs, exmareba gamomcemlobebs, afinansebs

samecniero, istoriul, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi da avtografiuli xasi-

aTis wignebis gamocemas, aqtiurad monawileobs qveynis kulturuli

memkvidreobis dacvisa da gadarCenis saqmeSi.

3. misi uwmidesoba sxva wmida mamebTan erTad monawil-

eobs qveynisTvis mniSvnelovan forumebSi, samecniero da

233

kulturul RonisZiebebSi, diplomatiur da humanitarul

misiebSi. saqarTvelos wminda eklesia mecnierebisa da

ganaTlebis didi megobaria. amitomacaa, rom dRevandel

saqarTveloSi gvaqvs ara marto sasuliero saswavleble-

bi, seminariebi da sasuliero akademia, aramed patriarq-

isgan xeldasxmuli saero skolebi da universitetebi.

amitomac aris, rom yvela saxelmwifo saero instituti

ara mxolod angariSs uwevs, iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos

kaTolikosdpatriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia

meoris mosazrebebsa da rekomendaciebs, aramed maTi umrav-

lesoba eswrafvis Tavisi sakeTebeli saqmis warmatebisT-

vis swored uwmindesis rCeva da kurTxeva miiRos. yove-

live amis dasturia amJamindel parlamentSi inicirebuli

kanonproeqtis suliskveTebac, romlis mixedviTac: „cvl-

ilebebi Sedis ~umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ kanonSi.

cvlilebis mixedviT, saRvTismetyvelo umaRles sagan-

manaTleblo dawesebulebaze kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili

akreditaciis wesebi aRar gavrceldeba.

saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi ganaTlebis samarTlebriv reg-

ulirebasTan dakavSirebuli cvlilebebi Seexeba umaRlesi ganaT-

lebis Sesaxeb kanonis sxva nawilebsac: ganisazRvreba programebze

miRebisa da grantis gacemis wesi, saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi

ganaTlebis sferoSi patriarqis uflebamosileba, studentTa Car-

icxvis wesi da sxva.

am cvlilebiT, umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi

saRvTismetyvelo samagistro programebze studentebi saerTo sam-

agistro gamocdis gareSe Cairicxebian, kaTolikos-patriarqis dad-

genili wesiT. saxelmwifo granti ki kaTolikos-patriarqis wardg-

inebiT mieniWebaT.

kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad, umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kan-

ons emateba axali punqtebi, romlebic ganmartavs „sapatriarqos“,

„saRvTismetyvelo umaRles ganaTlebas“, „saRvTismetyvelo umaRles

234

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas“ da „sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqs“.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanons aseve emateba saRvTisme-

tyvelo umaRlesi ganaTlebis „ZiriTadi miznebis“ amsaxveli pun-

qtebi. maT Sorisaa „rwmenisa da codnis erTnianobaze, ganaTlebis

uwyvetobasa da memkvidreobiTobaze, agreTve marTlmadideblur swav-

la-moZRvrebasa da kulturaze dafuZnebuli saganmanaTleblo da

samecniero saqmianoba, romelic emsaxureba marTmadidebluri rwmeni-

sa da Rirebulebebis damkvidrebasa da ganmtkicebas“, „zogadqris-

tianuli da qarTuli marTlmadidebluri kulturis Rirebulebebis

Camoyalibebisa da ganmtkicebis xelSewyoba“ da sxva.

cvlilebebi Sedis akademiuri xarisxis gansazRvris nawilSic.

moqmedi kanonis mixedviT, akademiuri xarisxi gansazRvrulia, ro-

gorc „xarisxi, romelic mieniWeba pirovnebas umaRlesi saganmanaT-

leblo dawesebulebis mier Sesabamisi umaRlesi ganaTlebis safex-

uris damTavrebisas“. kanonproeqtis mixedviT ki, akademiuri xarisxi

ganisazRvreba, rogorc „kvalifikacia, romelsac pirs akademiuri

umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesabamisi safexuris damTavrebisas aniWebs

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba an sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis mier damtkicebuli wesis Sesabamisad mini-

Webuli kvalifikacia“.

kanonproeqtisve mixedviT, patriarqi uflebamosilia, 2015 wlis

pirvel ianvramde Tavad gansazRvros umaRlesi ganaTlebis sfero-

Si akademiuri xarisxis miniWebis saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisgan

gansxvavebuli wesi da mianiWos akademiuri xarisxi mis mier gansaz-

Rvruli wesis safuZvelze.

kanons aseve emateba muxli, romelic gansazRvravs saqarTve-

los kaTolikos-patriarqis uflebamosilebebs saRvTismetyvelo

umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi. misi mixedviT, kaTolikos-patriarqi

afuZnebs saRvTismetyvelo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas

da amtkicebs mis wesdebas; amtkicebs am dawesebulebis studen-

tebis swavlis safasurs; akademiuri Tanamdebobebis dakavebis wess;

235

ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnul centrTan SeTanxmebiT

amtkicebs diplomis da danarTis formas da sxva. dawesebulebis

reorganizacia da likvidacia sapatriarqos prerogativaa - likvi-

daciis Semdeg misi qoneba gadaecema sapatriarqos.

kanonproeqti avaldebulebs ganaTlebis saministros, daamtkicos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mier

gacemuli ganaTlebis damadasturebeli dokumentebis aRiarebis wesi.

kanonproeqtis mizani „saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier

dafuZnebuli saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawese-

bulebebis da maTi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis gansxvavebuli reg-

ulirebis aucileblobaa“. http://www.tabula.ge/ge/story/63394-ga-natlebis-sistemashi-patriarqis-roli-izrdeba

4. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia meore gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas aniWebs analitikur azrovnebas, romelmac

adamiani unda miiyvanos WeSmaritebamde. adamianis goneba

Tavisufali SemoqmedebisTvis Seqmna gangebam da ara brma

morCilebisTvis, riskenac xSirad Tanamedrove ideolo-

giuri sistemebi ubiZgeben kacobriobas; Tundac yvelaze

humanuri azri, pirovnebam unda gaaanalizos da organulad

SeiTvisos, miiRos:

„rodesac adamiani analitikuri azrovnebis gareSe iwyebs saqmes,

SesaZloa, amisTvis is mzad ar iyos. amitom ganaTlebis saministrom

unda moaxerxos da dawyebiT klasebsa da umaRles saswavleblebSi

analitikuri azrovnebis ganviTarebas xeli Seuwyos. „vfiqrob, Cveni

ganaTlebis saministro miva im daskvnamde, rom dawyebiTi klasebidan

dawyebuli saSualo skolaSi da umaRles saswavleblebSi analiti-

kuri azrovneba Setanili iqneba“, - brZanebs patriarqi. http://www.

epn.ge/archives/11033

5. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi araerTgzis acxadebs,

rom ganaTlebis sistemis amocanaa ara mxolod calkeu-

li dargobrivi codnis micema axalgazrdobisaTvis, aramed

upirveles yovlisa, maTi aRzrda srulyofil adamianebad,

236

patriotebad, moqalaqeebad; amitomac aRniSnavs araerTx-

el, rom aucilebelia aRmzrdelobiTi meTodologiebis

moZieba da danergva saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi: „pirovnebis

sworad Camoyalibeba damokidebulia ojaxSi aRzrdaze. es

garemo, saswavlebelTan da eklesiasTan erTad, gadamwyvet

rols asrulebs axalgazrdis formirebaSi. komunisturi

reJimis pirobebSi bevri ram damaxinjda, gaukuRmarTda, maT

Soris, Svilebisadmi siyvarulic. mSoblebi Tavisi gagebiT

ufrTxildebian maT da cdiloben, hqondeT saukeTeso Casa-

cmeli, araferi etkinoT, ar ewyinoT, ar daiRalon, aramed

gaerTon da isiamovnon.. . . anu uqmnian sasaTbure pirobebs

da Tavisdauneburad bavSvebSi egoistur suls aRazeveben.

es aris gaucnobierebeli mtroba Svilebis mimarT!

aseTi damokidebulebis Sedegad axalgazrda ususuri

xdeba, ara aqvs Sinagani simtkice, xSirad iCens simxdales,

mudmivad eZebs sayrdens da sxvazea damokidebuli, daqve-

iTebuli aqvs azrovnebac da sicocxlisunarianobac;

amasTan, aris ambiciuri da ,,me~-ze orientirebuli. es

yvelaferi sxvadasxva ekonomiuri SesaZleblobis mqone

fenaSi sxvadasxva saxiT vlindeba, Tumca did nawilSi

erTi saerTo mdgomareoba SeimCneva, _ arsebuliT dakmayo-

fileba, uiniacitivoba da miSvebuloba. xSiria SemTxvevebi,

roca maT bevri ram akliaT, magram ezarebaT viTarebis

gamosworebisaTvis zrunva. SedarebiT ukeTes mdgomareo-

baSi myofnic, zedmetad Tavs ar iwuxeben, radgan ara aqvT

Ziebis survili. es moswavleebi da studentebi amTavre-

ben ra saswavlebels, amTavreben urTierTobas wignTan da

mxolod internetis TamaSebiT iqceven Tavs. bevri mieCvia

uSromelad, an SedarebiT ioli saqmianobiT, Tavis gatanas

da aRar eZebs sxva gzebs mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad;

amasTan, Tu erTxel ar gaumarTla mcdelobam, uimedoba ip-

yrobs, depresiuli xdeba da iwyebs cxovrebis kibeze kidev

237

ufro daRma daSvebas. amitomac gamravlda narkomania, lo-

Toba, qurdoba, mkvleloba, aRviraxsniloba...; es yvelaferi

araswori aRzrdis Sedegia.

Cveni Svilebi Tavidanve Zlier pirovnebebad unda

aRvzardoT da, pirvel rigSi, RvTis siyvaruli da ime-

di STavunergoT; imedi imisa, rom Tu sworad icxovreben,

martoni arasodes iqnebian da problemebs uflis SewevniT

aucileblad gadalaxaven.

amasTan, patarebi unda mivaCvioT Serigebas, wyenis daviwye-

bas, megobrebisadmi da, saerTod, adamianisadmi erTgulebas,

madlierebas, sxvis daxmarebas, swored imis gaRebas, rac

TviTon yvelaze metad uyvars da sxvisi sixaruliT gax-

arebas, unda mivaCvioT samarTlianobas, amtanobas, tkivilis

gaZlebas, rTul situaciaSi gamosavlis povnas, ra Tqma

unda, Sromasa da wignis kiTxvas; anu movamzadoT cxovre-

bisaTvis.

fizikuri da inteleqtualuri datvirTva aucilebelia

jansaRi Taobis aRsazrdelad, rom saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi

Tavic daicvas da sxvac, amasTan, gaarCios, sad aris Savi da

sad _ TeTri, ra aris kargi da ra _ cudi piradad misT-

vis, misi ojaxisaTvis, axloblebisa da qveynisaTvis, rom

Tavis Sinagan samyaroSi igrZnos silaRe, Tavisufleba, si-

Zliere da siyvaruliT aRvsili am Tvisebebis sxvaTaTvis

gamziarebeli iyos sicocxlis bolomde.

am miznis misaRwevad ded-mamam piradi magaliTi unda

uCvenon da, amave dros, urTierTpativiscemiTa da SeTanx-

mebulad unda imoqmedon. http://presa.ge/new/?m=soci-ety&AID=27143

Cveni patriarqi xSirad aRniSnavs, rom ymawvilTa msoflmxedve-

lobis CamoyalibebaSi wignze ara naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs aRmzr-

delTa pirad magaliTs, maT zneobriobasa da humanizms. kargi adami-

ani kargi aRmzrdelia. kaTolikos-patriarqi araerTxel daswrebia

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebSi sajaro skolebis gaxsnas, sadac

igi warmoTqvamda gulSiCamwvdom, sada da amasTanave uaRresad Rrma

sityvebs swavla-aRzrdis saWiroebasa da mniSvnelobaze, qarTuli sa-

238

ganmanaTleblo sistemis gaumjobesebis mimarTulebebze; unda iTqvas,

rom misi yoveli gamosvla saetapo mniSvnelobisaa da mudmivad

axsenebs ganaTlebis mesveurT: maswavleblebs, mecnierebs, saganmanaT-

leblo saqmis organizatorebs, rom nebismieri safexuris skolis

umTavres faseulobasa da umTavres sazrunavs warmoadgenen adami-

anebi _ moswavleebi da maswavleblebi.

saqarTvelos patriarqi mudmivad adevnebs Tvalyurs ganaTlebis

sferoSi mimdinare cvlilebebs da yovel ase Tu ise mniSvnelovan

reformas aZlevs Sefasebas. igi araerTgzis usvams xazs mecnierebis

ganviTarebis mniSvnelobas da mecnieruli miRwevebis ara mxolod

Semotanas, aramed adgilze ganviTarebas, radgan saqarTvelos, mis mo-

saxleobas, mis ekonomikas, bunebriv resursebsa da istoriuldkul-

turul ganviTarebas sakuTriv qarTveli samecniero inteligencia

unda swavlobdes. aseTi kadri ki saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo

dawesebulebebma unda moamzadon. Cvens zedmetad dinamikur yofa-

Si reformaTa siWarbe SeimCneva. misi uwmindesoba sifrTxilisaken

mouwodebs “reformaTa moyvarulebs”, radgan iseTi myari sfero,

rogoric ganaTlebaa, ver guobs naCqarev sakadro politikas, gamoc-

dilebis mqone specialistTa ignorirebas, tradiciaTa gauTvalis-

wineblobas, adamianTa sulsa da gonebaze Zaladobas, samwuxaroa isic,

rom xSirad parlamentis mier miRebuli kanonebi Tu gadawyvetile-

bebi ar exmareba qarTuli ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebis saqmes,

am rigisaa: umaRlesi skolebidan gamocdili specialistebis daTxo-

vis SemTxvevebi, samecniero sabWoebis rolis damcroba, ministrebis,

universitetebis reqtorTa da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa di-

reqtorebis politikuri niSniT daniSvnis (da ara arCevis!) mcdari

praqtika. ai, ras brZanebs saqarTvelos patriarqi:

minda Sevexo Cveni sazogadoebisTvis aqtualur da mtkivneul

zogierT sakiTxsac da, pirvel rigSi, yuradRebas gavamaxvileb Ta-

namedrove adamianis sulier da inteleqtualur mxareze. ganaT-

lebis reformisas daSvebulma Secdomebma Sedegad mogvitana is,

rom mozardebi codnis SeZenis survils ukve naklebad amJRavneben.

239

samecniero moRvaweoba ki araprestiJulad miaCniaT, radgan xedaven

rom inteligencias saTanado dafaseba ara aqvs (isini xom saSualo

donezec ki ver inaxaven ojaxs).

es mdgomareoba unda gamoswordes. mecnierebis ganviTarebis ga-

reSe qveyanas ara aqvs momavali, radgan eris sulierebisa da ga-

naTlebis erT-erT umTavres Zalas swored isini warmoadgenen. Cven

Tavs vxriT da didad vafasebT im Tavdadebas, romelic komunisturi

reJimis periodSi gamoiCines Cvenma mecnierebma da aTeisturi yofis

miuxedavad, SeZles xalxisaTvis swori orierntirebis SenarCuneba.

gavixsenoT eqvTime TayaiSvili, ivane javaxiSvili, pavle ingoroyva,

dimitri uznaZe, Tedo saxokia, grigol lorTqifaniZe, Salva nucubiZe,

ivane beritaSvili, maqsime SaraZe, filimon qoriZe da sxva mravalni.

miuxedavad imisa, rom isini iyvnen Seviwroebulni, damcirebulni da

yoveldRe elodnen dapatimrebas . . . , maT ara marto daicves, aramed

gaamdidres Cveni erovnuli faseulobani, daicves rogorc Tavisi, ise

qveynis Rirseba.

reforma yovelTvis siaxleebis Semcveli da progresze mimar-

Tuli unda iyos. magram didi sifrTxiliT unda ganxorcieldes..

umaRlesi skolis menejmenti iseTi sferoa, romelsac yvelgan gan-

sakuTrebiT ekidebian, maT Soris iuneskos msoflio sistemaSi, CvenSi

saganmanaTleblo reformis dawyebidan Zalian male bevr profesors

daatovebines umaRlesi skola, aman Tavis mxriv ganapiroba profe-

siuli kadrebis daqsaqsva, ramac kidev ufro daazarala umaRlesi

ganaTlebis sistema. Seiqmna situacia rodesac pedagogTa xelfasebi

minimalur zRvars qvemoT iyo. gamarTuli sistemebi moiSala, ped-

agogebis mdgomareoba sruliad gausaZlisi gaxda. amitom metad

fasdaudebelia kaTolikos-patriarqis mxardaWera am mdgomareoba-

Si Cavardnili mecnierebisa da profesorebisadmi. man swored am

umZimes periodSi gamoxata Tavisi Tanadgoma. yovel xuTSabaTs ka-

Tolikos-patriarqi iwvevda cnobil mecnierebs, profesorebs da

swavla-aRzrdis sakiTxebze, mecnierebis problemebze, ganaTlebis

sistemis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebze, genderul sakiTxebze, zoga-

240

dad samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb

sasaubrod. imarTeboda msjeloba ra unda gakeTebuliyo sxvadasxva

dargis - kulturis, xelovnebis, sportis, arqiteqturis, esTetikis,

filosofiis da sxv. ganviTarebisaTvis. xSiri iyo patriarqis Sex-

vedrebi yvela mimarTulebis maswavleblebTan. aseTi Sexvedrebis Se-

degia, rom bevri mecnieri, pedagogi, studenti dauaxlovda eklesias.

eklesiaSi eZebda axalgazrdoba sulieri gamtkicebis safuZvels.

magaliTad sveticxovlis, sionis, qvaSueTis, samebis da TiTqmis yve-

la taZarSi mrevlis didi nawili axalgazrdobaa, rac Cveni kaTo-

likos-patriarqis gansakuTrebul miRwevad unda miviCnioT.

6. ganaTleba sulisa da gonebis mdgomareobaa, da ara

kompiuteruli manqanis eleqtronuli sawyobi. adamiani ga-

naTlebas iRebs ara mxolod informaciis saxiT, aramed

ganicdis, grZnobs, Seimecnebs mas. adamianisaTvis codna

simarTlisaken mimavali gzis manaTobeli lamparia. gzam ki

taZrisken unda wagviyvanos. rusTaveli ambobs:

`raTgan Tavia sicrue yovlisa ubedobisa,

me rad gavwiro moyvare, Zma umtkicesi Zmobisa?!

ara viqm, codna ras margebs filosofosTa brZnobisa!

miT viswavlebiT, mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa wyobisa.“

madloba, rom am gzaze migviZRvebi, Cveno patriarqo!

241


ilia II-is moRvaweobis qronologiailia II-is moRvaweobis qronologia

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, morwmune

mrevli gansakuTrebuli zeimiT aRniSnaven uwmidesisa da unetaresis,

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis TariRebs.

1978 wlis 24 dekembers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi

saRmrTo-sadResaswaulo wirva aRasrula uwmidesma da unetaresma

ilia II-m. taZari saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan mosuli xalxiT

gaivso, yvelas surda uwmidesisa da unetaresisaTvis mieloca pa-

triarqad aRsaydrebis dRe. saRamos xelovnebis muSakTa saxlSi

gaimarTa saiubileo sxdoma, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda cxum-afxaz-

eTis mTavarepiskoposi nikolozi (maxaraZe). inteligencias, morwmune

mrevls uCvenes dokumenturi filmi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is aRsaydrebis

Sesaxeb.

1980 wlis 25 dekembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi saRm-

rTo-sadResaswaulo liturgiis Semdeg, romelic patriarqis aR-

saydrebis mesame wlisTavs mieZRvna, quTaTel-gaenaTelma mitro-

politma Siom (avaliSvili) mis uwmidesobas mimarTa: ùkve sami

weli gvaSorebs im RirsSesaniSnav 25 dekembris TariRs, rodesac

mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi RvTis gangebam ka-

Tolikos-patriarqis gvirgvini daadga Tavis rCeuls Tavze. me

vulocav saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiasa da qarTvel morw-

mune xalxs RvTisgan kurTxeul am axal dasawyiss Cveni sulieri

aRmavlobisas. cnobili ambavia, rom advili rodia sulieri cx-

ovrebis aRmavlobis gzaze dayeneba... RvTis maRali gangeba didi

xnis winaT gamzadebdaT Tqven mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatri-

arqo taZarSi misasvlelad, im didi naTlis wiaRSi, rac RvTisgan

rCeulTa xvedria mxolod. xSirad gvekiTxebian xolme, rom pa-

242

triarqis gvirgvini oqrosia Tu ara? Hhoi, adamianuro simdablev

Tu cnobismoyvareobav!.. patriarqis gvirgvini arc oqrosia da

arc briliantebiT Semkuli raRac... patriarqis gvirgvini RvTis

madlia, naTliT mosili... patriarqis gvirgvins fasi ara aqvs, igi

ar iyideba da arc brZoliT moi poveba... patriarqis gvirgvini ar

iwoneba da arc izomeba, arc mxatvaria misTvis vinme, arc xelo-

vani gamomWedeli, TvaliT xiluli... mas Wedavs mxolod uxilavi

RmerTis marjvena... da mogilocavT Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav da

unetaresobav, rom Tqveni moRvaweobiT daimsaxureT aseTi xel-

Tuqmneli wmida gvirgvini.

yoveli dRe Cveni saeklesio Sromisa gvarwmunebs imaSi, rom qa-

rTvel morwmune xalxs RmerTTan siaxlove swyuria, uyvars qriste

da qristianoba... maSasadame, ara codvebiT daRupva, aramed maradi-

uloba da ukvdaveba swyuria Cvens suls... Cveni locva, Cveni madloba

da Tayvaniscema maRal RmerTs imisaTvis, rom Tqveni saxiT mogviv-

lina didi moZRvari maradiulobisa da ukvdavebis gzis maswavleb-

lad. xom cnobilia, rom morwmune eris siyvarulsa da pativiscemas

oqro-vercxliT ver Seisyidi, verc brZoliTa da ZaladobiT moipov-

eb... xalxma rom guli gagixsnas da Segiyvaros, amisaTvis RvTisgan

rCeuli unda iyo da madliT mosili. RmerTi unda uZRodes win

saqmeebs Sensas da misi tkbili siyvaruli gzas ginaTebdes... Cven gi-

locavT, Tqveno uwmidesobav, rom maRalma RmerTma moganiWaT es didi

jildo, da ase uangarod uyvarxarT guliT keTil da patiosnebiT

savse morwmune qarTvel xalxs. qristianTaTvis ra unda iyos da

sad unda iyos imaze didi bedniereba, risi mowmenic Cven gaxlavarT

am did taZarSi. angelozis dRes _ orSabaTobiT, saqarTvelos ange-

lozebi, Cveni Svilebi da SviliSvilebi, ikribebian xolme am taZarSi

da ieso qriste locavs Cvens Svilebs da camde asulni aRtacebiT

vuyurebT xolme, Tu rogor upyriaT Cvens momavlebs saxareba wmida

xelebze, da maRldeba zecisaken suli Cveni erisa... gilocavT Tqven,

Cveno mamav da maswavlebelo, mTel am sikeTes da vulocavT Cvens

mrevlsa da samSoblos Cvensas, rom Cveni momavali uwmides xelebs

243

upyriaT saxarebis saRaRadeblad. zogjer daCoqeba umZims xolme

axalgazrdasac, Cems moxuc guls ki uyvars igi da emsubuqeba... me

maCoqebs xolme RvTis siyvaruli... da viCoqeb axlac im guliTa da

im sixaruliT, rogoriTac aq dganan frTebgaSlili Cveni bavSvebi

orSabaTobiT _ angelozis dRes~.

1981 wlis 25 dekembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi sazeimod

aRiniSna uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-

kos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis meoTxe wlisTavi. uwmidessa da uneta-

ress misasalmebeli sityviT mimarTa urbnelma mTavarepiskoposma

konstantinem (meliqiZe). misma uwmidesobam madloba gadauxada Se-

krebil sazogadoebas da ganacxada: `saqmeni, romelnic saqarTvelos

eklesiaSi keTdeba, uflis nebaa, amitom yvelam madloba unda Sevs-

wiroT ufals wyalobisaTvis.~

mTavarepiskoposma Tadeoz ioramaSvilma leqsiT miuloca mis

uwmidesobas aRsaydrebis dRe:

`macxovris kverTxis mpyrobeli xeliT,

SeWidebuli uxilav mterTan,

simxniT da RvawliT aRuricxvelTa

uZRvi cad mimarT cxovarTa SenTa.

ayvavebuli sanTlebi xatTan

sikeTis dReTa iyavn macneni,

siwmidis madliT da saswauliT

mSobelTa locviT aRmonakvesni

imedmosxmulan Seni dReebi,

siyvaruls yovels rom uwiladeb,

Seni fiqria, Seni mamuli

samaradisod naTliT brwyinavdes,

Tu saqarTvelo wmida jvaria,

natrob samoTxis karTan iyoso,

Seni sicocxle ers uxaria,

mravalJamier, kaTolikoso~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi 25 dekem-

244

bris, patriarqis aRsaydrebis dRis, sazeimod aRniSvna tradiciad

iqca. Tu pirvel wlebSi mxolod samRvdeloeba da morwmune mrevli

ikribeboda, xolo mecnierebisa da inteligenciis warmomadgenle-

bi misaloci werilebiT kmayofildebodnen, XX saukunis 80-iani

wlebidan ukve isinic aqtiurad CaerTvnen sayovelTao sazeimo dRee-

bis aRniSvnaSi.

1987 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis aTi wlisTavi gan-

sakuTrebul sazeimo viTarebaSi aRiniSna. sazogadoebis warmomadgen-

lebi sasuliero pirebTan erTad cdilobdnen, gamoexataT patriarq-

isadmi didi pativiscema da siyvaruli. TavianT gamosvlebSi isini

aRniSnavdnen uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is gansakuTrebul

damsaxurebas. patriarqma mravalmxriv saintereso sityviT Seajama

sazeimo sxdoma, madloba moaxsena yvelas keTili survilebisaTvis

da aRniSna: ùkve aTi weli gavida, rac patriarqis uRels vewevi,

romelic, marTalia, metad mZimea, magram, amave dros, didia Sewevnac

RvTisa. Tu adamiani mis nebas asrulebs, ufali mas misi wilxvedri

jvris zidvas uadvilebs. ar minda visaubro imaze, Tu am xnis man-

Zilze ra gavakeTe. rogorc Zveli romaelebi ambobdnen, gavakeTe is,

rac SevZeli, xolo ukeTesi sxvam gaakeTos. rac gakeTda, im saqmeTa

aRmsrulebeli ufali, yovladwmida samebaa, xolo Cven vmadlobT

RmerTs, rom mis nebas xandaxan mainc vasrulebdiT... minda madlo-

ba movaxseno Cvens mRvdelmTavrebs, romelnic bevrs akeTeben Cveni

eklesiisa da xalxisaTvis. xSirad morwmuneTaTvis SeumCneveli rCe-

ba is didi jafa, romelsac episkoposebi ewevian, magram es albaT

asec unda iyos, radgan mTavari isaa, RvTis saqme gakeTdes. minda

aseve davloco da madloba movaxseno Cvens moZRvrebs, bermonazvnebs,

diakvnebs, mgaloblebs im didi sulieri moRvaweobisaTvis, romelsac

isini mrevlisaTvis ewevian, madloba mogaxsenoT Tqven da mTel qa-

rTvel ers im didi siyvarulisaTvis, romelsac iCenT~.

kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis dRis aRniSvna martooden

sazeimo milocvebiTa da survilebiT ar mTavrdeboda. uwmidesi da

245

unetaresi Tavis Semajamebel sityvaSi piruTvnelad afasebda gan-

vlili wlebis saqmianobas da, amave dros, samomavlo gegmebzec sau-

brobda.

1992 wlis dekemberSi, rodesac misi uwmidesobisa da une-

taresobis aRsaydrebis 15 weli Sesrulda, saqarTveloSi rogorc

politikuri, aseve ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT urTulesi viTareba

iyo. samoqalaqo dapirispireba jer ar Camcxraliyo, daZabuloba

iyo afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi. miuxedavad am urTulesi

viTarebisa, sapatriarqos istoriul rezidenciaSi, sadac 1991 wl-

idan samuSaod gadavida misi uwmidesoba, Catarda sazeimo Sexvedra,

manamde ki sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi Sesrulda sazeimo wirva.

iyo milocvebi, keTili survilebi. patriarqma arc amjerad uRalata

tradicias da sagulisxmo sityviT mimarTa sazogadoebas:

`marTlac didia da istoriuli dRevandeli dRe, magram ara

imitom, rom dRes TxuTmeti weli Sesrulda Cemi intronizaciidan,

aramed didia igi im movlenebis mniSvnelobiT, romlebic am 15 wlis

manZilze moxda Cveni erisa da eklesiis cxovrebaSi. ganvlo wamebis

TxuTmetma welma. imdenad mZimea jvari saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqisa, rom XX saukuneSi mxolod uwmidesma da unetaresma

kalistratem gauZlo mis tarebas oci wlis manZilze. metad mZime

iyo Cemi aRsaydrebis dro, roca oficialurad TiTqmis Tavisufali

iyo eklesia, sinamdvileSi ki idevneboda; magram ufro mZime wlebic

hqonia saqarTvelos eklesias, ufro metad yofila igi Seviwroebu-

li. magaliTad, kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaia daapatimres da

daxvretac ki miusajes. iseTi periodic hqonia saqarTvelos ekle-

sias, rodesac sakaTolikoso sabWos (sinodis) mTeli Semadgenloba

cixeSi ijda da mis SenobaSi, romelic dRes isev sapatriarqo rezi-

dencias warmoadgens, mxolod mdivani darCa _ es iyo mRdel-mona-

zoni efremi, romelic Semdeg saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

gaxda... saqme iqamde mivida, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli 1500 ekle-

siidan mxolod ormocdaaTiRa darCa moqmedi.

ai, aseT mZime dros momixda me RvTis gangebiT kaTolikos-patri-

246

arqad aRsaydreba... amgvar pirobebSi, roca moqmedebda araoficialu-

ri devizi, rac ufro bevri cudi iqneba eklesiaSi, miT ufro kargia,

didi mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTvelos mTavrobis damokidebulebas

kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis sakiTxisadmi. saqmes isic arTuleb-

da, rom me, rogorc imdroindeli reJimisaTvis saSiS pirovnebas, ise

miyurebdnen, magram RvTis gangebas win veravin daudgeba da ai, 1977

wlis 25 dekembers am taZarSi Sedga Cemi aRsaydreba.

rogorc patriarqma, pirvel rigSi, Cems umTavres movaleobad

erisa da eklesiis gaerTianeba miviCnie. eklesia TiTqos mowyvetili

iyo erisgan, gansakuTrebiT mTavrobasa da inteligencias iyo daSo-

rebuli. am mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT Cven davukavSirdiT

saqarTvelos inteligenciis cnobil warmomadgenlebs yvela sfero-

Si. Cvenda sasixarulod, maTac didi interesi gamoiCines eklesiis

mimarT. urTierTSexvedrebma saocari Sedegi gamoiRo, ufali mivida

yvelasTan. TviT isinic ki, romelTac TavianTi Tavi aTeistebad mi-

aCndaT, aRiarebdnen, rom sapatriarqos rezidenciaSi stumrobisas

sulieri simSvide euflebodaT. am dros maTze gadmodioda madli,

romelic mizezi xdeboda WeSmariti rwmenis dabadebisa. me mimaCnia,

rom saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi mamamTavari da moZRvari

unda iyos ara mxolod im adamianebisa, romelnic yoveldRiurad mo-

dian eklesiaSi, aramed yoveli qarTvelisa, da, saerTod, Cveni qveynis

yoveli mkvidrisa. kaTolikos-patriarqma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

unda miaqcios imas, visac ar SeuZlia an sulieri Zala ar hyofnis

eklesiaSi mosasvlelad. aseT kacTan igi TviTon unda mivides, mxre-

biT itvirTos da ise miiyvanos ufalTan... da bolos, im saocrebasac

moveswari, rom saqarTvelo orasi wlis Semdeg isev damoukidebeli

saxelmwifo gaxda. Tumca siZnele isev mravalia. upirveles yovli-

sa, Cvens ers imis Segneba sWirdeba, rom WeSmariti damoukidebloba

yoveli Cvenganis Sinagani ganTavisuflebiT unda daiwyos... ase gavi-

da TxuTmeti weli, romelic, rogorc vTqvi, wamebis wlebi iyo, magram

isic unda vTqva, rom Cven mudam vgrZnobdiT siaxloves uflisas,

vgrZnobdiT, rom CvenTan iyo RmerTi; da, radganac CvenTan ars RmerTi,

247

veraviTari mteri, verc xiluli da verc uxilavi, veras daaklebs

verc saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da verc

saxelmwifos~.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis es sityva mravalmxriv sayuradReboa

istorikosebisaTvis. masSi naCvenebia is ZiriTadi mimarTulebani, Tu

rogor unda daiweros saqarTvelos eklesiis uaxlesi istoria.

1997 wlis dekemberSi qarTvelma xalxma gansakuTrebulad

aRniSna uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis 20 wlisTavi. saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqoSi gaimarTa samecniero konferencia, sadac araerTi saintereso

moxseneba iqna wakiTxuli uwmidesisa da unetaresis cxovrebisa

da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. am striqonebis avtorma Semdegi sityvebiT

mimarTa mis uwmidesobas: `Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, oci

weli gvaSorebs im RirsSesaniSnav dRes, rac saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqo taxtze moxda Tqveni aRsaydreba. mogesalmebiT sionis sapa-

triarqo taZris 70-iani wlebis im mrevlis saxeliT, romelic Tqven

SeqmeniT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi da romelic manamde, samwuxarod,

ar arsebobda. 1977 wlis noemberSi, rodesac gardaicvala sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi daviT V,

mis mosaxsenebel panaSvidebs wesis mixedviT aRasrulebdnen qarT-

veli mRvdelmTavrebi. maTi umravlesoba xandazmuli iyo. rodesac

Tqven SemobrZandiT taZarSi, sazogadoebis is nawili, vinc ar gic-

nobdaT, verc warmoidgenda, rom qarTveli mRvdelmTavari SeiZleba

yofiliyo aseTi axalgazrda da gamorCeuli. bevrs ucxoeTidan Ca-

mobrZanebuli stumari egoneT.

Tu ra savalalo mdgomareoba iyo saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, kar-

gad Cans Semdegi monacemebiT: Teoriulad moqmedi 15 eparqiidan

realurad 4-5 eparqias hyavda sakuTari mRvdelmTavari da hqonda

moqmedi eklesiebi... eqvsi patriarqi airCia saqarTvelom sabWoTa

xelisuflebis mmarTvelobis periodSi, magram arc erTi patriarqis

kurTxevaze aseTi mravalricxovani sazogadoeba ar Sekrebila. yvela

grZnobda, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi axali era iwyebo-

248

da. amas albaT xelisuflebac grZnobda da maqsimalurad cdilobda

eklesiis izolaciasa da Seviwroebas. sabednierod, Tqveni brZnuli,

mwemsmTavruli moRvaweobis gamo amas ver axerxebda. pirveli nabiji,

romelic saqarTvelos eklesiam XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi gadadga,

iyo mrevlis Semokreba da Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav, iyaviT pir-

veli maswavlebeli sionis mrevlisa, im axalgazrdebisa, romlebic

movdiodiT eklesiaSi, magram mcireodeni eklesiuri ganaTlebac ar

gvqonda, ar vicodiT taZarSi dgomis wesi, locva, sasuliero ierarq-

isaTvis mimarTvis formebi. Tqven yvelafers gvaswavlidiT.

pirvel xanebSi gviWirda taZarSi didxans dgoma, magram Tqven

gvamxnevebdiT da gvixsnidiT wirva-locvaze daswrebis mniSvnelobas.

Tqveni gansakuTrebuli damsaxurebaa is, rom warmarTTa TavSesafrad

gadaqceuli saqarTvelos udidesi eklesia-monastrebi kvlav aRo-

rZinda; alaverdoba, TeleToba, sveticxovloba, lomisoba kvlav did

qristianul dResaswaulebad iqca... dRes Zalian advilia laparaki

aRorZinebuli, gamSvenierebuli, gaZlierebuli eparqiebis saqmianobis

Sesaxeb, magram bevrma ar icis, ra sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli

Teoriulad arsebuli eparqiebis praqtikulad amoqmedeba... saqarT-

velos eklesiis uaxlesi istoria ukve iwereba... Tqven sicocxle-

Sive ukvdavebis binadari gaxdiT... vRelav, saocrad vRelav da ar

vici, rogor gamovxato is gansakuTrebuli siTbo, siyvaruli da

pativiscema, rasac Tqven imsaxurebT qarTveli xalxisagan, qarTveli

mrevlisagan. saqarTveloSi saerTod ase ician: did adamians Zalian

gauSinaurdebian xolme. dro, distancia aris saWiro, rom es sid-

iade srulad aRiqva. gansxvavebuli azris motrfiale qarTveloba

erTsulovania Tqvens SefasebaSi. saqarTvelos warsuls, awmyosa da

momavalze fiqrSi gatarebuli uZilo Rameebis, umravlesobisaTvis

dafaruli didi Rvawlis dafasebaa eris usazRvro siyvaruli da

pativiscema Tqvendami.~

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqis, ilia II-is aRsaydrebis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili

daskvniTi sazeimo sxdoma gaimarTa operisa da baletis saxelmwifo

249

akademiur TeatrSi. uwmidessa da unetaress miesalmnen mecnierebis,

xelovnebis, SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi. saqarTve-

los prezidentma e. SevardnaZem gaixsena oci wlis wina movlenebi,

is daZabuli viTareba, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samo-

ciqulo eklesiaSi Seiqmna axali patriarqis arCevis win. raoden

didi iyo inteligenciisa da axalgazrdobis survili, sapatriarqo

taxtze exilaT cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia. prezidentma

ganacxada, rom pirveli pirovneba saqarTvelos istoriaSi, vinc wmida

daviT aRmaSeneblis ordeniT dajildovdeboda, misi uwmidesoba da

unetaresoba ilia II iyo.

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m am sityvebiT mimarTa qarTvel

ers: ìseve rogorc pirovnebis gansacdeli, eris gansacdelic RvTis-

gan misi sulieri amaRlebisaTvis xdeba. axla swored am process

gavdivarT da darwmunebuli var, RvTis wyalobiT igi iqceva zecad

aRmyvanebel Cvens sulier kibed. is ki, vinc gaurbis RvTisgan daSve-

bul am gamocdas da iol gzas eZebs, uars ambobs didebis gvirgvinze.

me mivmarTav mTel Cvens ers, saqarTvelos mosaxleobas, gadadgiT

nabijebi erTmaneTisa da RvTisaken. ecadeT, yovel Tqvens moqmedebas

siyvaruli edos safuZvlad, raTa iyoT msaxuri uflisa da macx-

ovrisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi... qarTvelno, erTad _ RvTisaken~.

2003 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelom aRniSna Tavisi didi su-

lieri winamZRolis aRsaydrebis 25 wlisTavi. `drois usasrulo

mdinarebaSi wuTic ki ar aris 25, Tundac 70 weli, magram amqveyni-

uri saTvalaviT igi cota araa. sruliad axalgazrda da mSvenieri,

RvTiuri naTliT STagonebuli aRzevdiT Tqven qarTuli eklesi-

is sapatriarqo taxtze... Tqveni patriarqobis pirveli dReebidanve

daiwyo da TiTqmis mTlianad mowesrigda saqarTvelos eklesiuri

cxovreba. uangaro Rvawli, romelsac Tqveni winamorbedi patri-

arqebi eweodnen maTTvis mZime moRvaweobis periodSi, Tqven ganamrav-

leT. qarTuli eklesiis namdvili gamoRviZebis misia Tqven gxvdaT

wilad... wlebis manZilze umRvdlebod darCenil eklesiebs TandaTan

daubrundaT an ubrundebaT TavianTi saxe... gelaTis, iyalTos, tbeTis

250

uZvelesi, odesRac eladis simaRleze mdgari, magram mtrisgan ia-

varqmnili akademiebis nafuZarze kvlav gaiRviZa sicocxlem... Tqveni

mudmivi sazrunavi iyo da aris, Cvens qveyanaSi, saerTod Cvens So-

ris, sufevdes WeSmariti qristianuli siyvaruli. Tqven eris yvela

Svils mouwodebT rwmenisa da sikeTisaken... RvTisgan gansakuTrebu-

li locva-kurTxeviT xeldasxmuli brZandebiT... iyaviT dRegrZeli.

didxans mSvidobianad gemarToT wmida saWe qarTuli eklesiisa~, _

am sityvebiT miuloca Jurnalma `jvari vazisa~ mis uwmidesobas

saiubileo TariRi.

2007 wels Sesrulda uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqa-

rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II-is dabadebidan 75, berad

aRkvecidan 50, mRvdelmTavrad dadginebis 44 da patriarqad aRsay-

drebidan 30 weli. qarTveli xalxi gansakuTrebulad emzadeboda

misi uwmidesobis saiubileo TariRebis aRsaniSnavad.

2007 wlis 12 oqtombers daiwyo misi uwmidesobis aRsaydrebis

30 wlisTavisa da mcxeTis jvris monastris 1400 wlis saiubileo

dResaswaulis oficialuri nawili. saqarTveloSi stumrad Camo-

brZandnen: konstantinopolisa da axlisa romisa msoflio patri-

arqi yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos I; kviprosis eklesiis meTauri

mTavarepiskoposi qrizostomos II; Cexoslovakiis marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis meTauri mitropoliti qristefore; ukrainis egzarqosi

mitropoliti vladimeri; antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis

eklesiis episkoposi nifoni; ierusalimis eklesiis mTavarepiskopo-

si Teofile, ruseTis eklesiis orenburgis mitropoliti valentini,

serbeTis eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi amfiloqi, rumineTis eklesiis

mitropoliti iosebi, bulgareTis eklesiis mitropoliti dometiani,

eladis eklesiis mitropoliti ambrosi, albaneTis eklesiis mit-

ropoliti ignatiosi, poloneTis eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi simoni,

amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis episkoposi irineosi. stumrebs

sazeimo miReba mouwyves sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi, sadac sityva

warmoTqva yovladuwmidesma barTolomeos I-ma: `didia Cveni sixaru-

li, vinaidan TqvenTan erTad vimyofebiT, unetareso da usayvarleso

251

Zmao, Tqvens stumarTmoyvare da istoriul qveyanaSi, saqarTvelo-

Si, romelTanac Cvens konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqos

mWidro, saukeTeso sulieri da, amasTanave, kanonikuri urTierToba

akavSirebs… Tavi moviyareT dRes aq, raTa erTad aRvniSnoT misi

uwmidesobis aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavi… Tqven iseT mdgomareo-

bas gauZeliT, rom CvenTvis, visac is uSualod ar gangvicdia, misi

aRqmac ki ar ZalgviZs, magram, amave dros, Tqven gadmogecaT samwyso,

mowyurebuli RvTisa da Rvaebriv siyvaruls, da, miuxedavad imisa,

rom xalxs metad uWirda, Tqven didi gamocdileba da Tavganwirvis

grZnoba SegZinaT… moxarulni varT, aRorZinebis suls rom vgrZnobT.

Ees aris suli nugeSinismcemeli uflisa Cvenisa, romelic msWvala-

vs mociqulTa ofliT gaJRenTil da mowameTa sisxliT ganbanil am

qveyanas. Eeklesiis es aRorZineba, misi winsvla ar moxdeboda, Tuki

1977 wels sapatriarqo taxtze esoden Rirseuli pirovneba ar

asuliyo, ar iqneboda winsvla, Tuki qveyanas ar eyoleboda esoden

zneobrivi, mSromeli, SorsmWvreteli, sibrZniTa da moTminebiT mmarT-

veli patriarqi, romelic Tavis xalxs meore sulieri dabadebiT

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wiaRSi da mis ZiebaSi daabrunebda~.

13 oqtombers Tbilisis wmida samebis sakaTedro taZarSi msof-

lio patriarqma barTolomeos I-ma marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa

mier warmogzavnil mRvdelmTavrebTan, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarq ilia II-sa da saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

wmida sinodis wevrebTan erTad sazeimo locva aRavlina. Uukrain-

is delegaciam waikiTxa ukrainis prezidentis, viqtor iuSCenkos,

misalmeba da gadawyvetileba, misi uwmidesobis, ilia II-is ukrainis

saxelmwifos umaRlesi jildoTi _ Tavad miroslav brZenis or-

deniT dajildoebis Sesaxeb.

14 oqtombers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZari, misi Semogare-

ni xalxs ver itevda. taZarSi mobrZandnen: misi uwmidesoba sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepisko-

posi ilia II, msoflio patriarqi yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos

I, marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa delegaciebi, saqarTvelos eklesiis

252

wmida sinodis wevrebi, samRvdeloeba, qarTuli inteligenciis Tval-

saCino warmomadgenlebi. sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi misi

uwmidesobis aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavis misalocad mobrZandnen saqa-

rTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili da parlamentis Tavmj-

domare nino burjanaZe. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II miesalma

stumrebs, madloba moaxsena CamobrZanebisaTvis da aRniSna: ès 30

weli, romelic saqarTvelom ganvlo, metad mniSvnelovania Cveni qvey-

nisaTvis. saqarTvelos eklesia mudam gzas uCvenebda qarTvel ers.

MmarTlmadidebeli sarwmunoeba mudam iyo da iqneba Cveni erisa da

Cveni sulierebis ganmamtkicebeli, SemaerTebeli, SemduRebeli. Cven

yvelafers viRonebT imisaTvis, rom es erToba ar iyos darRveuli.

am 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi bevri ram gakeTda, magram me ar SemiZlia

vTqva, rom es Cemi gakeTebulia. maxsendeba sityvebi wmidisa mefisa

daviT winaswarmetyvelisa: ùfali mefobs~. rodesac mefe daviTs

xalxi aqebda da ambobda, rom man gaamTliana israeli, mefem gaaCuma

isini da uTxra: ̀ ufali mefobs~. Uufali mefobs, ufali qmnis, ufali

amTlianebs, xolo boroti Zala anawevrebs~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sin-

odis saxeliT mis uwmidesobas miesalma mitropoliti anania (ja-

fariZe), romelmac aRniSna: `mravali Cvengani mowmea imisa, rom misma

uwmidesobam am 30 wlis win Caibara ucxo qveynis mpyrobelobis

Sedegad damcrobili eklesia, materialurad univTo, naklovani da

qancmileuli, aTeist mmarTvelTa mZlavrobiT daSinebuli sul ram-

denime aTeuli samRvdelo piriT. Dda ai, gavida 30 weli da Cven

vxedavT, Tu ra warmatebiT Seegeba Cveni eklesia axal aTaswleuls…

Tqveni yoveldRiuri saqmiTa da sityviT iyaviT da xarT WeSmari-

ti moZRvari da maswavlebeli, wmida etaloni ara mxolod suli-

er-eklesiurisa, aramed _ yofiTisa, eTikisa Tu esTetikisa. Yyvela

Cvenganma yvelaferi Tqvengan Seiswavla, ufro sworad Tu vityviT,

unda Seiswavlos, radgan Tqven ukvdavi saRmrTo magaliTi brZan-

debiT wyalobisa da qvelis saqmisa, locvisa da marxvisa. rogorc

ityvian, vin aRricxavs Tqvens saxierebas zecaTa mamis garda? 30

253

wlis winandel qaotur sasuliero dasSi dainerga wesiereba da

kanoni da Tqveni moridebiT da krZalviT veravin ikadrebs uweso

svlas. patiosneba da Rirseba Tavis adgils imkvidrebs. monastrebi,

saepiskoposoebi da eklesiebi wesiTa da rigiT aRasruleben saRmr-

To msaxurebas~.

15 oqtombers zaqaria faliaSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis operi-

sa da baletis saxelmwifo akademiur TeatrSi gaimarTa uwmidesisa

da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia

II-is aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo saRamo,

romelsac eswrebodnen: sazRvargareTis marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa

delegaciebi, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis mR-

vdelmTavrebi, samRvdeloeba, saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da parlamen-

tis wevrebi, qarTuli inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi. uwmidessa

da unetaress saiubileo TariRebi miuloces: msoflio patriarqma

barTolomeos I-ma, rumineTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomad-

genelma mitropolitma iosebma, antioqiis eklesiis warmomadgen-

elma, episkoposma nifonma, romelmac antioqiis patriarqis saxeliT

uwmides da unetares ilia II-s Tval-margalitiT Semkuli oqros

panaRia miarTva. Aamerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCma saqarTve-

loSi b-ma jon teftma waikiTxa amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

prezidentis, jorj buSis milocvis teqsti sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-isadmi: `Tqveno uwmidesobav, amerikeli

xalxis saxeliT, guliTadad gilocavT saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesiis patriarqad aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavs. Tqveni xe-

lmZRvanelobiT eklesia gaZlierda. vici, raoden gafasebT qarTveli

xalxi Tqven da yvela Tqvens miRwevas. gisurvebT saukeTeso janmr-

Telobas da Semdgom warmatebebs~.

msoflio patriarqma barTolomeos I-ma gakvirveba da aRtaceba

ver damala im saerTo erovnuli zeimis masStabebisa da misi uw-

midesobis mimarT qarTveli xalxis gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebis

gamo da aRniSna: ̀ vxarobT gamouTqmeli da keTili sixaruliT, rameTu

axlodan davinaxeT madli uflisa, gardamosuli msxmoiare venaxsa

254

zeda saqarTvelos eklesiisa… vxarobT uTvalavi didebuli taZris

mSeneblobis xilviT, patiosani monastrebidan gamomavali asketuri

cxovrebis Zlieri majiscemiT, vxarobT yovelive imiT, rasac TvaliT

vxedavT, gonebiT vwvdebiT da yuriT vismenT. mTeli guliT gisur-

vebT, rom ufalma RmerTma samaradisod dagicvaT marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis wiaRSi, raTa ar dainTqaT amqveyniuri cxovrebis boboqari

da Semmusvreli zRvis talRebSi~.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqis, ilia II-is aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnilma

saiubileo dReebma kidev ufro TvalsaCino gaxada misi Rvawli saqa-

rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis, qarTveli eris

winaSe. QqarTvelma xalxma Tavisi sulieri winamZRolis mimarT

kidev erTxel gamoxata udidesi pativiscema da siyvaruli.

Documents

iistoria Seulamazebladstoria Seulamazeblad - …dl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/istsheul.pdf · 1 ssaqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulisaqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis